Change Bazel to use Clang for layering checks (backport #1706)

[mergify]

🦟 Bug fix

Tracking issue: gazebo-tooling/gz-bazel-dev#5

Summary

Change bazel build to use clang

Backport Policy

These versions have a MODULE.bazel file

• This is safe to backport to the following versions:
  • Jetty (sdf16)
  • Ionic (sdf15)
  • Harmonic
  • Fortress
• This should not be backported
• I am not sure
• Other (fill in yourself)

Checklist

• Signed all commits for DCO
• Added a screen capture or video to the PR description that demonstrates the fix (as needed)
• Added tests
• Updated documentation (as needed)
• Updated migration guide (as needed)
• Consider updating Python bindings (if the library has them)
• codecheck passed (See contributing)
• All tests passed (See test coverage)
• Updated Bazel files (if adding new files). Created an issue otherwise.
• While waiting for a review on your PR, please help review another open pull request to support the maintainers
• Was GenAI used to generate this PR? If so, make sure to add "Assisted-by" to your commits. (See this policy for more info.)

Note to maintainers: Remember to use Squash-Merge and edit the commit message to match the pull request summary while retaining Signed-off-by and Generated-by messages.

Backports: If this is a backport, please use Rebase and Merge instead.

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This is an automatic backport of pull request #1706 done by [Mergify](https://mergify.com).