Add Dev Container configuration for streamlined development

.devcontainer/Dockerfile.dev

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+# syntax=docker/dockerfile:1.7
+FROM rust:1.95-bookworm AS dev
+
+USER root
+
+# Development dependencies
+RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
+    build-essential \
+    bash-completion \
+    ca-certificates \
+    curl \
+    fuse3 \
+    git \
+    libfuse3-3 \
+    libfuse3-dev \
+    make \
+    nfs-common \
+    perl \
+    pkg-config \
+    sudo \
+    xfslibs-dev \
+    && rm -rf /tmp/* /var/lib/apt/lists/*
+
+# Rust dev tooling required by the lint/format gate.
+RUN rustup component add rustfmt clippy
+
+# Allow non-root FUSE mounts (needed for `cargo test --features fuse` dev runs).
+RUN echo 'user_allow_other' >> /etc/fuse.conf
+
+# Developer user, in a separate layer from apt for cache isolation.
+ARG USERNAME=vscode
+ARG USER_UID=1000
+ARG USER_GID=1000
+RUN groupadd --gid "${USER_GID}" "${USERNAME}" \
+    && useradd --uid "${USER_UID}" --gid "${USER_GID}" --create-home --shell /bin/bash "${USERNAME}" \
+    && usermod -aG sudo "${USERNAME}" \
+    && echo "${USERNAME} ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL" > "/etc/sudoers.d/${USERNAME}" \
+    && chmod 0440 "/etc/sudoers.d/${USERNAME}"
+
+# Ensure the non-root user can write to the cargo cache so `cargo` works without root inside the container.
+ENV CARGO_HOME=/usr/local/cargo
+ENV PATH=${CARGO_HOME}/bin:${PATH}
+RUN mkdir -p "${CARGO_HOME}" && chown -R "${USERNAME}:${USERNAME}" "${CARGO_HOME}"
+# Use the system git client for the git-based crates (xet-core, fuser fork).
+ENV CARGO_NET_GIT_FETCH_WITH_CLI=true
+ENV RUST_BACKTRACE=full
+
+USER ${USERNAME}

.devcontainer/devcontainer.json

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+{
+  "build": {
+    "context": ".",
+    "dockerfile": "Dockerfile.dev"
+  },
+  "runArgs": [
+    "--cap-add=sys_admin",
+    "--device=/dev/fuse:/dev/fuse"
+  ],
+  "customizations": {
+    "vscode": {
+      "extensions": [
+        "rust-lang.rust-analyzer"
+      ],
+      "settings": {
+        "editor.formatOnSave": true,
+        "[rust]": {
+          "editor.defaultFormatter": "rust-lang.rust-analyzer"
+        },
+        "rust-analyzer.cargo.features": "all",
+        "rust-analyzer.cargo-watch.enable": true
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}

Makefile

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+# Targets
+.PHONY: all build check clean doc fmt release test
+
+BUILD_TOOL := cargo
+
+all: clean fmt build
+
+build:
+	@$(BUILD_TOOL) build
+
+check:
+	@$(BUILD_TOOL) check
+
+clean:
+	@$(BUILD_TOOL) clean
+
+doc:
+	@$(BUILD_TOOL) doc --no-deps
+
+fmt:
+	@$(BUILD_TOOL) fmt
+
+release: clean
+	@$(BUILD_TOOL) build --release
+
+test:
+	@$(BUILD_TOOL) test