fix(compartment-mapper): handle async parsers

[boneskull]

This updates the code and types to handle async parsers. Currently, there are no async parsers in @endo/compartment-mapper, which is a reasonable excuse for why they were not working.

While this looks like a much was changed, it is mostly type-related. Some extra guards were added and code split out within map-parser.js to support both the async and sync parser use-cases, while maximizing logic reuse.

[boneskull]

Warning

This PR is part of a stack and targets branch boneskull/module-source-pipeline, not master.
DO NOT MERGE until feat(module-source): expose createModuleSourcePasses() #3159 is merged into master.

📚 Pull Request Stack

• branch: master
  • feat(parser-pipeline): create @endo/parser-pipeline #3158 - branch: boneskull/ast-service
    • feat(module-source): expose createModuleSourcePasses() #3159 - branch: boneskull/module-source-pipeline
      • fix(compartment-mapper): handle async parsers #3160 - branch: boneskull/compartment-mapper-pipeline (this PR)
        • feat(evasive-transform): expose createEvasiveTransformPass for use with @endo/parser-pipeline #3161 - branch: boneskull/evasive-pipeline

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[boneskull]

this needs to fold in to #3158