Automaticaly update BigQuery table schema when unknown fields are seen.

sdks/java/io/google-cloud-platform/src/main/java/org/apache/beam/sdk/io/gcp/bigquery/AppendClientInfo.java

@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@
 import javax.annotation.Nullable;
 import org.apache.beam.sdk.metrics.Counter;
 import org.apache.beam.sdk.metrics.Metrics;
+import org.apache.beam.sdk.util.Preconditions;
 
 /**
  * Container class used by {@link StorageApiWritesShardedRecords} and {@link
@@ -138,22 +139,29 @@ public void close() {
     }
   }
 
+  @Memoized
+  public byte[] getTableSchemaHash() {
+    return TableRowToStorageApiProto.tableSchemaHash(getTableSchema());
+  }
+
   boolean hasSchemaChanged(TableSchema updatedTableSchema) {
     return updatedTableSchema.hashCode() != getTableSchema().hashCode();
   }
 
   public ByteString encodeUnknownFields(TableRow unknown, boolean ignoreUnknownValues)
       throws TableRowToStorageApiProto.SchemaConversionException {
     Message msg =
-        TableRowToStorageApiProto.messageFromTableRow(
-            getSchemaInformation(),
-            getDescriptorIgnoreRequired(),
-            unknown,
-            ignoreUnknownValues,
-            true,
-            null,
-            null,
-            null);
+        Preconditions.checkArgumentNotNull(
+            TableRowToStorageApiProto.messageFromTableRow(
+                getSchemaInformation(),
+                getDescriptorIgnoreRequired(),
+                unknown,
+                ignoreUnknownValues,
+                true,
+                null,
+                null,
+                null,
+                TableRowToStorageApiProto.ErrorCollector.DONT_COLLECT));
     return msg.toByteString();
   }
 

sdks/java/io/google-cloud-platform/src/main/java/org/apache/beam/sdk/io/gcp/bigquery/BigQueryIO.java

@@ -3246,8 +3246,12 @@ public Write<T> withWriteDisposition(WriteDisposition writeDisposition) {
     /**
      * Allows the schema of the destination table to be updated as a side effect of the write.
      *
-     * <p>This configuration applies only when writing to BigQuery with {@link Method#FILE_LOADS} as
+     * <p>This configuration applies only when writing to BigQuery with {@link Method#FILE_LOADS},
+     * {@link Method#STORAGE_WRITE_API", or {@link Method#STORAGE_API_AT_LEAST_ONCE} as
      * method.
+     * <p>If using with storage-write API, new fields (except for nested messages) will always be created with type
+     * STRING.
+     * TODO: Followon PR will add support for a user-supplied type mapping.
      */
     public Write<T> withSchemaUpdateOptions(Set<SchemaUpdateOption> schemaUpdateOptions) {
       checkArgument(schemaUpdateOptions != null, "schemaUpdateOptions can not be null");
@@ -4202,9 +4206,18 @@ private <DestinationT> WriteResult continueExpandTyped(
         }
         return input.apply(batchLoads);
       } else if (method == Method.STORAGE_WRITE_API || method == Method.STORAGE_API_AT_LEAST_ONCE) {
+        boolean useSchemaUpdate =
+            getSchemaUpdateOptions() != null && !getSchemaUpdateOptions().isEmpty();
+        if (useSchemaUpdate) {
+          checkArgument(
+              !getAutoSchemaUpdate() && !getIgnoreUnknownValues(),
+              "Schema update options are not supported when using auto schema update or ignore unknown values");
+        }
         BigQueryOptions bqOptions = input.getPipeline().getOptions().as(BigQueryOptions.class);
         StorageApiDynamicDestinations<T, DestinationT> storageApiDynamicDestinations;
         if (getUseBeamSchema()) {
+          checkArgument(
+              !useSchemaUpdate, "SchemaUpdateOptions are not supported when using Beam schemas");
           // This ensures that the Beam rows are directly translated into protos for Storage API
           // writes, with no
           // need to round trip through JSON TableRow objects.
@@ -4216,6 +4229,9 @@ private <DestinationT> WriteResult continueExpandTyped(
                   getFormatRecordOnFailureFunction(),
                   getRowMutationInformationFn() != null);
         } else if (getWriteProtosClass() != null && getDirectWriteProtos()) {
+          checkArgument(
+              !useSchemaUpdate, "SchemaUpdateOptions are not supported when writing protos");
+
           // We could support both of these by falling back to
           // StorageApiDynamicDestinationsTableRow. This
           // would defeat the optimization (we would be forced to create a new dynamic proto message
@@ -4233,13 +4249,17 @@ private <DestinationT> WriteResult continueExpandTyped(
               !getIgnoreUnknownValues(),
               "ignoreUnknownValues not supported when using writeProtos."
                   + " Try setting withDirectWriteProtos(false)");
+
           storageApiDynamicDestinations =
               (StorageApiDynamicDestinations<T, DestinationT>)
                   new StorageApiDynamicDestinationsProto(
                       dynamicDestinations,
                       getWriteProtosClass(),
                       getFormatRecordOnFailureFunction());
         } else if (getAvroRowWriterFactory() != null) {
+          checkArgument(
+              !useSchemaUpdate, "SchemaUpdateOptions are not supported when writing avros");
+
           // we can configure the avro to storage write api proto converter for this
           // assuming the format function returns an Avro GenericRecord
           // and there is a schema defined
@@ -4248,7 +4268,6 @@ private <DestinationT> WriteResult continueExpandTyped(
                   || getDynamicDestinations() != null
                   || getSchemaFromView() != null,
               "A schema must be provided for avro rows to be used with StorageWrite API.");
-
           RowWriterFactory.AvroRowWriterFactory<T, GenericRecord, DestinationT>
               recordWriterFactory =
                   (RowWriterFactory.AvroRowWriterFactory<T, GenericRecord, DestinationT>)
@@ -4275,7 +4294,10 @@ private <DestinationT> WriteResult continueExpandTyped(
                   getRowMutationInformationFn() != null,
                   getCreateDisposition(),
                   getIgnoreUnknownValues(),
-                  getAutoSchemaUpdate());
+                  getAutoSchemaUpdate(),
+                  getSchemaUpdateOptions() == null
+                      ? Collections.emptySet()
+                      : getSchemaUpdateOptions());
         }
 
         int numShards = getStorageApiNumStreams(bqOptions);
@@ -4287,6 +4309,7 @@ private <DestinationT> WriteResult continueExpandTyped(
         StorageApiLoads<DestinationT, T> storageApiLoads =
             new StorageApiLoads<>(
                 destinationCoder,
+                elementCoder,
                 storageApiDynamicDestinations,
                 getRowMutationInformationFn(),
                 getCreateDisposition(),
@@ -4304,7 +4327,8 @@ private <DestinationT> WriteResult continueExpandTyped(
                 getDefaultMissingValueInterpretation(),
                 getBigLakeConfiguration(),
                 getBadRecordRouter(),
-                getBadRecordErrorHandler());
+                getBadRecordErrorHandler(),
+                !getSchemaUpdateOptions().isEmpty());
         return input.apply("StorageApiLoads", storageApiLoads);
       } else {
         throw new RuntimeException("Unexpected write method " + method);

sdks/java/io/google-cloud-platform/src/main/java/org/apache/beam/sdk/io/gcp/bigquery/BigQueryOptions.java

@@ -245,4 +245,12 @@ public interface BigQueryOptions
   Boolean getGroupFilesFileLoad();
 
   void setGroupFilesFileLoad(Boolean value);
+
+  @Hidden
+  @Description(
+      "The number of parallelization to use for buffering elements when upgrading table schemas.")
+  @Default.Integer(50)
+  Integer getSchemaUpgradeBufferingShards();
+
+  void setSchemaUpgradeBufferingShards(Integer value);
 }

sdks/java/io/google-cloud-platform/src/main/java/org/apache/beam/sdk/io/gcp/bigquery/BigQueryServices.java

@@ -204,6 +204,10 @@ <T> long insertAll(
     /** Patch BigQuery {@link Table} description. */
     Table patchTableDescription(TableReference tableReference, @Nullable String tableDescription)
         throws IOException, InterruptedException;
+
+    Table patchTableSchema(
+        TableReference tableReference, com.google.api.services.bigquery.model.TableSchema newSchema)
+        throws IOException, InterruptedException;
   }
 
   /** An interface to get, create and flush Cloud BigQuery STORAGE API write streams. */

sdks/java/io/google-cloud-platform/src/main/java/org/apache/beam/sdk/io/gcp/bigquery/BigQueryServicesImpl.java

@@ -1459,6 +1459,31 @@ public Table patchTableDescription(
           ALWAYS_RETRY);
     }
 
+    @Override
+    public Table patchTableSchema(
+        TableReference tableReference, com.google.api.services.bigquery.model.TableSchema newSchema)
+        throws IOException, InterruptedException {
+      Table newTable = new Table();
+      newTable.setSchema(newSchema);
+
+      Tables.Patch request =
+          client
+              .tables()
+              .patch(
+                  tableReference.getProjectId(),
+                  tableReference.getDatasetId(),
+                  tableReference.getTableId(),
+                  newTable);
+      return executeWithRetries(
+          request,
+          String.format(
+              "Unable to patch table: %s, aborting after %d retries.",
+              tableReference, MAX_RPC_RETRIES),
+          Sleeper.DEFAULT,
+          createDefaultBackoff(),
+          DONT_RETRY_INVALID_ARG_OR_PRECONDITION);
+    }
+
     @Override
     public void close() throws Exception {
       // Nothing to close
@@ -1664,6 +1689,11 @@ public void close() throws Exception {
         return !errorExtractor.itemNotFound(input);
       };
 
+  static final SerializableFunction<IOException, Boolean> DONT_RETRY_INVALID_ARG_OR_PRECONDITION =
+      input -> {
+        ApiErrorExtractor errorExtractor = new ApiErrorExtractor();
+        return !errorExtractor.preconditionNotMet(input) && !errorExtractor.badRequest(input);
+      };
   static final SerializableFunction<IOException, Boolean> ALWAYS_RETRY = input -> true;
 
   @VisibleForTesting

sdks/java/io/google-cloud-platform/src/main/java/org/apache/beam/sdk/io/gcp/bigquery/BigQuerySinkMetrics.java

@@ -63,7 +63,9 @@ public enum RpcMethod {
     STREAMING_INSERTS,
     APPEND_ROWS,
     FLUSH_ROWS,
-    FINALIZE_STREAM
+    FINALIZE_STREAM,
+    PATCH_TABLE,
+    OPEN_WRITE_STREAM
   }
 
   // Status of a BigQuery row from the AppendRows RPC call.