fix: apply controlled gates correctly on sliced and large states

[AbeCoull]

Issue #, if available:

Description of changes:

Testing done:

Merge Checklist

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[codecov]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 100.00%. Comparing base (012ad8e) to head (36b46ec).

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff            @@
##              main      #415   +/-   ##
=========================================
  Coverage   100.00%   100.00%           
=========================================
  Files           49        49           
  Lines         5050      5062   +12     
  Branches       590       593    +3     
=========================================
+ Hits          5050      5062   +12     

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