refactor(eth/downloader): truncate peer id in sync logs

[gzliudan]

Proposed changes

Align with upstream go-ethereum: tag sync logs with the peer id truncated to 16 chars. The truncation lives in a peerLogger helper so RegisterPeer, UnregisterPeer and DeliverHeaders share one implementation, and the redundant "peer" key is dropped from the individual header delivery lines.

Ref: ethereum#21482

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• This PR has sufficient test coverage (unit/integration test) OR I have provided reason in the PR description for not having test coverage
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[benjamin202410]

Will this change conflict with current Eth implementation?

[gzliudan]

Will this change conflict with current Eth implementation?

the change is same with geth and better than geth:

• https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/blob/master/eth/handler.go#L435-L442
• https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/blob/master/eth/downloader/downloader.go#L324-L330
• https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/blob/master/eth/downloader/downloader.go#L344-L350