sorts: make quick sort support comparable items

[Ashwin121425-R]

Part of #15234

Summary

• add a Comparable protocol and generic type hints to quick_sort
• use less-than comparisons so quick_sort works with comparable item types
• add doctests for strings, floats, and non-comparable mixed values

Tests

• python -m doctest -v .\sorts\quick_sort.py
• python -m pytest tests/test_sorts.py
• python -m ruff check .\sorts\quick_sort.py

[algorithms-keeper]

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