From 5d612c2e58c97fd6b737b18e9dc5eb29ce93c15d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: thomasstvr <65630492+thomasstvr@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 22 Sep 2026 09:49:55 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 1/5] Added python 3.14 to automated tests

---
 .github/workflows/ci.yml             |  2 +-
 .github/workflows/publish-tagged.yml | 15 ++++++++++++---
 2 files changed, 13 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index 8293b195..d94c35f3 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ jobs:
           FULL=false
           [[ "$GITHUB_REF_NAME" == "main" || "$BASE_REF" == "main" ]] && FULL=true
           if [[ "$FULL" == "true" ]]; then
-            echo 'matrix={"os":["ubuntu-latest","windows-latest"],"python-version":["3.11","3.13"]}' >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            echo 'matrix={"os":["ubuntu-latest","windows-latest"],"python-version":["3.11","3.13","3.14"]}' >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
           else
             echo 'matrix={"os":["ubuntu-latest"],"python-version":["3.11"]}' >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
           fi
diff --git a/.github/workflows/publish-tagged.yml b/.github/workflows/publish-tagged.yml
index e8bfefd3..85ae6664 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/publish-tagged.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/publish-tagged.yml
@@ -90,6 +90,9 @@ jobs:
   pytest:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     needs: [validate]
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        python-version: ["3.13", "3.14"]
     permissions:
       contents: read
     steps:
@@ -99,7 +102,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Set up Python
         uses: actions/setup-python@v6
         with:
-          python-version: "3.13"
+          python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
 
       - name: Install Dependencies
         run: |
@@ -124,6 +127,9 @@ jobs:
   test-pip-install:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     needs: [validate]
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        python-version: ["3.13", "3.14"]
     permissions:
       contents: read
     steps:
@@ -133,7 +139,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Set up Python
         uses: actions/setup-python@v6
         with:
-          python-version: "3.13"
+          python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
 
       - name: Test pip install
         run: |
@@ -144,6 +150,9 @@ jobs:
   pytest-macos:
     runs-on: macos-latest
     needs: [validate]
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        python-version: ["3.13", "3.14"]
     permissions:
       contents: read
     steps:
@@ -153,7 +162,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Set up Python
         uses: actions/setup-python@v5
         with:
-          python-version: "3.13"
+          python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
 
       - name: Install Dependencies
         run: |

From ce74a07a4738935b7755cb57d6e04d5e1b67b9eb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: thomasstvr <65630492+thomasstvr@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 22 Sep 2026 09:51:16 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 2/5] Added test for structured output

---
 tests/test_ai_definition.py | 27 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 27 insertions(+)

diff --git a/tests/test_ai_definition.py b/tests/test_ai_definition.py
index 29cd1f20..7197187e 100644
--- a/tests/test_ai_definition.py
+++ b/tests/test_ai_definition.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 import pandas as pd
 import pytest
 import wrangles
+from pydantic import ValidationError
 
 import wrangles.ai_definition as ai_definition
 import wrangles.ai_cache as ai_cache
@@ -334,6 +335,32 @@ def test_outputs_are_nullable_by_default_but_keys_remain_required():
         )
 
 
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "field_schema",
+    [
+        {"type": ["string", "integer", "null"]},
+        {"anyOf": [{"type": "string"}, {"type": "integer"}, {"type": "null"}]},
+    ],
+    ids=["type-list", "anyOf"],
+)
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("value", ["25mm", 25, None, [], {}])
+def test_structured_output_union_validation(field_schema, value):
+    """Union fields must build and validate on every supported Python version."""
+    schema = {
+        "type": "object",
+        "properties": {"value": field_schema},
+        "required": ["value"],
+        "additionalProperties": False,
+    }
+    parsed = {"value": value}
+
+    if isinstance(value, (list, dict)):
+        with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
+            openai_responses.validate_structured_output(parsed, schema)
+    else:
+        assert openai_responses.validate_structured_output(parsed, schema) == parsed
+
+
 def test_nullable_false_is_an_explicit_opt_out():
     compiled = ai_definition.compile_definition(
         {

From f4e997379fd58b673e85d2b83eaec45e2c26ea5e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: thomasstvr <65630492+thomasstvr@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 22 Sep 2026 09:51:42 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 3/5] Updated to work with Python 3.14 and older versions

---
 wrangles/openai_responses.py | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/wrangles/openai_responses.py b/wrangles/openai_responses.py
index 9b16bafa..cd5af64f 100644
--- a/wrangles/openai_responses.py
+++ b/wrangles/openai_responses.py
@@ -429,7 +429,7 @@ def schema_type_to_python(schema: dict, name: str) -> _Any:
             if isinstance(option, dict)
         )
         if python_types:
-            return _Union.__getitem__(python_types)
+            return _Union[python_types]
 
     if schema.get("enum"):
         return _Literal.__getitem__(tuple(schema["enum"]))
@@ -440,7 +440,7 @@ def schema_type_to_python(schema: dict, name: str) -> _Any:
             schema_type_to_python({**schema, "type": item}, name)
             for item in schema_type
         )
-        return _Union.__getitem__(python_types)
+        return _Union[python_types]
 
     if schema_type == "array":
         return _List[schema_type_to_python(schema.get("items", {}), f"{name}Item")]

From 37e7e4ae48b9503db2b704c0696c8da105bd4336 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: thomasstvr <65630492+thomasstvr@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 22 Sep 2026 12:06:49 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 4/5] Updated readme to include python 3.14

---
 README.md | 13 ++++++++++---
 1 file changed, 10 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 22cc4f1e..209e7441 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -2,11 +2,18 @@
 
 Full documentation available at [wrangles.io](https://wrangles.io/python).
 
+## Python support
+
+Wrangles supports Python 3.11, 3.12, 3.13, and 3.14. Pull requests targeting
+`main` and pushes to `main` run tests and package-install checks on Python 3.11,
+3.13, and 3.14 on Ubuntu and Windows. Tagged releases run tests on Python 3.13
+and 3.14 on Ubuntu and macOS, plus package-install checks on Ubuntu.
+
 ## Local development
 
-Supported local development uses Python 3.13. On Windows, create or refresh the
-complete test and tooling environment with one command from the repository
-root:
+The standard local development environment uses Python 3.13. On Windows,
+create or refresh the complete test and tooling environment with one command
+from the repository root:
 
 ```powershell
 .\scripts\bootstrap-dev.ps1

From 046124523daaff459f75556413f08b85d10b6aff Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: thomasstvr <65630492+thomasstvr@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 22 Sep 2026 12:07:28 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 5/5] Added python 3.14

---
 .github/agents/test.agent.md    |  6 ++++--
 .github/copilot-instructions.md | 11 +++++++----
 setup.py                        |  1 +
 3 files changed, 12 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/agents/test.agent.md b/.github/agents/test.agent.md
index a08c1ac2..e27a30b0 100644
--- a/.github/agents/test.agent.md
+++ b/.github/agents/test.agent.md
@@ -27,7 +27,9 @@ You are a **Software Development Engineer in Test (SDET)** for a Python data wra
 ## 📚 Project Knowledge
 
 ### Tech Stack
-- **Core:** Python 3.11–3.13, pytest, pandas, numpy, polars
+- **Core:** Python 3.11–3.14, pytest, pandas, numpy, polars
+- **CI coverage:** Main-targeted PRs and main pushes test Python 3.11, 3.13, and 3.14 on Ubuntu and Windows; tagged releases test Python 3.13 and 3.14 on Ubuntu and macOS.
+- **Development baseline:** The standard local environment, development container, and CI test image use Python 3.13.
 - **Data:** SQLAlchemy, boto3, pymongo, Pydantic
 - **Templates:** Jinja2
 
@@ -311,4 +313,4 @@ Tests should:
 
 Every test you write is an investment in the project's long-term maintainability and reliability.
 
----
\ No newline at end of file
+---
diff --git a/.github/copilot-instructions.md b/.github/copilot-instructions.md
index 892f893a..b04e4f3b 100644
--- a/.github/copilot-instructions.md
+++ b/.github/copilot-instructions.md
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 
 ## Tech Stack
 
-- **Python:** 3.11, 3.12, 3.13 (multi-version support)
+- **Python:** 3.11, 3.12, 3.13, 3.14 (package support); the standard local development environment uses Python 3.13
 - **Core Dependencies:** pandas (>=2.0,<3.0), numpy, polars (1.33.0), pyyaml
 - **Database Connectors:** sqlalchemy, pymssql, psycopg2-binary, pymysql, pymongo
 - **Cloud/External:** boto3 (AWS S3), simple-salesforce, fabric (SFTP)
@@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ current `main`; never merge `dev` wholesale into `main`.
 
 **Pushing to a feature branch currently runs nothing.** Open a pull request to
 `main` (Draft is fine) to trigger `ci.yml`. A PR to `main` runs the full Ubuntu
-and Windows, Python 3.11 and 3.13 matrix.
+and Windows, Python 3.11, 3.13, and 3.14 matrix.
 
 PR #1115 established the current workflows, but some triggers still mention the
 legacy `dev` branch. That support is transitional compatibility and does not
@@ -281,8 +281,8 @@ to define.
 ### GitHub Actions Workflows
 - **ci.yml** (*CI*)**:** PRs into `main` and pushes to `main`; legacy `dev`
   triggers remain temporarily while recovery is completed
-  - Pytest on Ubuntu + Windows across Python 3.11 + 3.13 for `main` PRs
-  - Test pip installation
+  - Pytest on Ubuntu + Windows across Python 3.11 + 3.13 + 3.14 for `main` PRs and pushes
+  - Test pip installation across the same matrix
   - Generate and test JSON schema
   - Build the CI test image and, on PRs, run smoke checks and local recipes against that exact image
   - Push the image on merges to `main` under the new policy
@@ -293,6 +293,9 @@ to define.
 - **publish-tagged.yml** (*Deploy Prod*)**:** `v*` tag push. GHCR, then
   CodeArtifact, then PyPI. The file name is pinned by PyPI Trusted Publishing
   and cannot be renamed without updating the publisher on PyPI first.
+  - Pytest on Ubuntu + macOS across Python 3.13 + 3.14
+  - Test pip installation on Ubuntu across Python 3.13 + 3.14
+  - Validate the Python 3.13 CI test image before package publication
 
 ### Workflow Jobs
 1. **pytest:** Run test suite across OS/Python matrix
diff --git a/setup.py b/setup.py
index fa4b5360..93bc571b 100644
--- a/setup.py
+++ b/setup.py
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@
         'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11',
         'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12',
         'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13',
+        'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.14',
         'License :: OSI Approved :: Apache Software License',
         'Operating System :: OS Independent'
     ],