diff --git a/packages/vite/src/node/server/__tests__/restart.spec.ts b/packages/vite/src/node/server/__tests__/restart.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..7ac0de37cf2340
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/vite/src/node/server/__tests__/restart.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+import { expect, onTestFinished, test } from 'vitest'
+import { promiseWithResolvers } from '../../../shared/utils'
+import { createServer } from '../index'
+
+test('queues one follow-up restart while a restart is in flight', async () => {
+  const restartEntered = promiseWithResolvers<void>()
+  const restartGate = promiseWithResolvers<void>()
+  const forceOptimizeDeps: boolean[] = []
+  let configCalls = 0
+
+  const server = await createServer({
+    configFile: false,
+    root: import.meta.dirname,
+    logLevel: 'silent',
+    server: { middlewareMode: true, ws: false },
+    plugins: [
+      {
+        name: 'restart-during-restart',
+        async config(config) {
+          configCalls++
+          forceOptimizeDeps.push(
+            (config as { forceOptimizeDeps?: boolean }).forceOptimizeDeps ===
+              true,
+          )
+
+          if (configCalls === 2) {
+            restartEntered.resolve()
+            await restartGate.promise
+          }
+        },
+      },
+    ],
+  })
+
+  onTestFinished(async () => {
+    await server.close()
+  })
+
+  const firstRestart = server.restart()
+  await restartEntered.promise
+
+  const queuedRestarts = [
+    server.restart(),
+    server.restart(true),
+    server.restart(),
+  ]
+
+  restartGate.resolve()
+  await Promise.all([firstRestart, ...queuedRestarts])
+
+  expect(configCalls).toBe(3)
+  expect(forceOptimizeDeps).toEqual([false, false, true])
+})
diff --git a/packages/vite/src/node/server/index.ts b/packages/vite/src/node/server/index.ts
index c93bbb6eb1e2d5..169b2ad1350caf 100644
--- a/packages/vite/src/node/server/index.ts
+++ b/packages/vite/src/node/server/index.ts
@@ -469,6 +469,10 @@ export interface ViteDevServer {
    * @internal
    */
   _restartPromise: Promise<void> | null
+  /**
+   * @internal
+   */
+  _pendingRestart: boolean
   /**
    * @internal
    */
@@ -516,6 +520,7 @@ export async function _createServer(
     previousEnvironments?: Record<string, DevEnvironment>
     previousShortcutsState?: ShortcutsState<ViteDevServer>
     previousRestartPromise?: Promise<void> | null
+    previousPendingRestart?: boolean
     previousForceOptimizeOnRestart?: boolean
   },
 ): Promise<ViteDevServer> {
@@ -840,10 +845,23 @@ export async function _createServer(
       bindCLIShortcuts(server, options)
     },
     async restart(forceOptimize?: boolean) {
-      if (!server._restartPromise) {
+      if (server._restartPromise) {
+        server._pendingRestart = true
+        server._forceOptimizeOnRestart ||= !!forceOptimize
+      } else {
+        server._pendingRestart = false
         server._forceOptimizeOnRestart = !!forceOptimize
-        server._restartPromise = restartServer(server).finally(() => {
+        server._restartPromise = (async () => {
+          while (true) {
+            await restartServer(server)
+            if (!server._pendingRestart) {
+              break
+            }
+            server._pendingRestart = false
+          }
+        })().finally(() => {
           server._restartPromise = null
+          server._pendingRestart = false
           server._forceOptimizeOnRestart = false
         })
       }
@@ -866,6 +884,7 @@ export async function _createServer(
       return closeServerPromise
     },
     _restartPromise: options.previousRestartPromise ?? null,
+    _pendingRestart: options.previousPendingRestart ?? false,
     _forceOptimizeOnRestart: options.previousForceOptimizeOnRestart ?? false,
     _shortcutsState: options.previousShortcutsState,
   }
@@ -1407,6 +1426,7 @@ async function restartServer(server: ViteDevServer) {
         previousEnvironments: server.environments,
         previousShortcutsState: server._shortcutsState,
         previousRestartPromise: server._restartPromise,
+        previousPendingRestart: server._pendingRestart,
         previousForceOptimizeOnRestart: server._forceOptimizeOnRestart,
       })
     } catch (err: any) {
@@ -1424,12 +1444,20 @@ async function restartServer(server: ViteDevServer) {
     // restart from a real close.
     await server._closeServer('restart')
 
+    const restartPromise = server._restartPromise
+    const pendingRestart = server._pendingRestart
+    const forceOptimizeOnRestart = server._forceOptimizeOnRestart
+
     // Assign new server props to existing server instance
     const middlewares = server.middlewares
     newServer._configServerPort = server._configServerPort
     newServer._currentServerPort = server._currentServerPort
     Object.assign(server, newServer)
 
+    server._restartPromise = restartPromise
+    server._pendingRestart = pendingRestart
+    server._forceOptimizeOnRestart = forceOptimizeOnRestart
+
     // Keep the same connect instance so app.use(vite.middlewares) works
     // after a restart in middlewareMode (.route is always '/')
     middlewares.stack = newServer.middlewares.stack