diff --git a/include/swift/AST/ASTBridging.h b/include/swift/AST/ASTBridging.h
index 68a173916c950..19c9a8ced9321 100644
--- a/include/swift/AST/ASTBridging.h
+++ b/include/swift/AST/ASTBridging.h
@@ -2574,6 +2574,13 @@ BridgedDifferentiableTypeAttr BridgedDifferentiableTypeAttr_createParsed(
     swift::SourceLoc nameLoc, swift::SourceRange parensRange,
     BridgedDifferentiabilityKind cKind, swift::SourceLoc kindLoc);
 
+SWIFT_NAME("BridgedLifetimeTypeAttr.createParsed(_:atLoc:nameLoc:"
+           "parensRange:entry:)")
+BridgedLifetimeTypeAttr BridgedLifetimeTypeAttr_createParsed(
+    BridgedASTContext cContext, swift::SourceLoc atLoc,
+    swift::SourceLoc nameLoc, swift::SourceRange parensRange,
+    BridgedLifetimeEntry entry);
+
 SWIFT_NAME("BridgedIsolatedTypeAttr.createParsed(_:atLoc:nameLoc:parensRange:"
            "isolationKind:isolationKindLoc:)")
 BridgedIsolatedTypeAttr BridgedIsolatedTypeAttr_createParsed(
diff --git a/include/swift/AST/ASTPrinter.h b/include/swift/AST/ASTPrinter.h
index ea24c38f3cab7..2db30a672375b 100644
--- a/include/swift/AST/ASTPrinter.h
+++ b/include/swift/AST/ASTPrinter.h
@@ -368,7 +368,9 @@ class ASTPrinter {
     return printedClangDecl.insert(d).second;
   }
 
-  void printLifetimeDependence(
+  /// Print lifetimeDependence as a SIL lifetime attribute, attached to a
+  /// parameter or result of a function.
+  void printSILLifetimeDependence(
       std::optional<LifetimeDependenceInfo> lifetimeDependence) {
     if (!lifetimeDependence.has_value()) {
       return;
@@ -380,10 +382,15 @@ class ASTPrinter {
       ArrayRef<LifetimeDependenceInfo> lifetimeDependencies, unsigned index) {
     if (auto lifetimeDependence =
             getLifetimeDependenceFor(lifetimeDependencies, index)) {
-      printLifetimeDependence(*lifetimeDependence);
+      printSILLifetimeDependence(*lifetimeDependence);
     }
   }
 
+  /// Print lifetimeDependence as a Swift lifetime attribute.
+  void
+  printSwiftLifetimeDependence(LifetimeDependenceInfo const &lifetimeDependence,
+                               ArrayRef<AnyFunctionType::Param> params);
+
 private:
   virtual void anchor();
 };
diff --git a/include/swift/AST/Attr.h b/include/swift/AST/Attr.h
index 5bf834c7b0a0f..c6e6d75719acc 100644
--- a/include/swift/AST/Attr.h
+++ b/include/swift/AST/Attr.h
@@ -4274,6 +4274,17 @@ class alignas(1 << AttrAlignInBits) TypeAttribute
 
   SWIFT_DEBUG_DUMPER(dump());
   void print(ASTPrinter &Printer, const PrintOptions &Options) const;
+
+  /// Returns true if multiple instances of an attribute kind
+  /// can appear on a type.
+  static constexpr bool allowMultipleAttributes(TypeAttrKind TK) {
+    switch (TK) {
+    case swift::TypeAttrKind::Lifetime:
+      return true;
+    default:
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
 };
 
 class AtTypeAttrBase : public TypeAttribute {
@@ -4383,6 +4394,19 @@ class DifferentiableTypeAttr
   void printImpl(ASTPrinter &printer, const PrintOptions &options) const;
 };
 
+class LifetimeTypeAttr : public SimpleTypeAttrWithArgs<TypeAttrKind::Lifetime> {
+  LifetimeEntry *entry;
+
+public:
+  LifetimeTypeAttr(SourceLoc atLoc, SourceLoc kwLoc, SourceRange parens,
+                   LifetimeEntry *entry)
+      : SimpleTypeAttr(atLoc, kwLoc, parens), entry(entry) {}
+
+  LifetimeEntry *getLifetimeEntry() const { return entry; }
+
+  void printImpl(ASTPrinter &printer, const PrintOptions &options) const;
+};
+
 class OpaqueReturnTypeOfTypeAttr
     : public SimpleTypeAttrWithArgs<TypeAttrKind::OpaqueReturnTypeOf> {
   Located<StringRef> MangledName;
diff --git a/include/swift/AST/DiagnosticsSema.def b/include/swift/AST/DiagnosticsSema.def
index e0c9777435fa9..9ebb721e99d74 100644
--- a/include/swift/AST/DiagnosticsSema.def
+++ b/include/swift/AST/DiagnosticsSema.def
@@ -8511,6 +8511,8 @@ ERROR(lifetime_target_requires_nonescapable, none,
       "invalid lifetime dependence on an Escapable %0", (StringRef))
 NOTE(lifetime_escapable_source_requires_escapable_note, none,
      "use '@_lifetime(%0%1)' instead", (StringRef, StringRef))
+ERROR(lifetime_dependence_unknown_type, none,
+      "lifetime dependence checking failed due to unknown %0 type", (StringRef))
 
 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // MARK: Lifetime Dependence Requirements
diff --git a/include/swift/AST/LifetimeDependence.h b/include/swift/AST/LifetimeDependence.h
index 7b501920d6cc0..e46775f205fa8 100644
--- a/include/swift/AST/LifetimeDependence.h
+++ b/include/swift/AST/LifetimeDependence.h
@@ -31,8 +31,10 @@
 namespace swift {
 
 class AbstractFunctionDecl;
+class AnyFunctionType;
 class FunctionTypeRepr;
 class LifetimeDependentTypeRepr;
+class LifetimeTypeAttr;
 class SILParameterInfo;
 class SILResultInfo;
 
@@ -190,23 +192,28 @@ class LifetimeEntry final
 class LifetimeDependenceInfo {
   IndexSubset *inheritLifetimeParamIndices;
   IndexSubset *scopeLifetimeParamIndices;
-  llvm::PointerIntPair<IndexSubset *, 1, bool>
-    addressableParamIndicesAndImmortal;
+  // The outer bool is the "isFromAnnotation" bit. The inner one is the
+  // "isImmortal" bit.
+  llvm::PointerIntPair<llvm::PointerIntPair<IndexSubset *, 1, bool>, 1, bool>
+      addressableParamIndicesAndImmortalAndFromAnnotation;
   IndexSubset *conditionallyAddressableParamIndices;
 
   unsigned targetIndex;
 
 public:
+  /// Fully-initialized dependence info.
   LifetimeDependenceInfo(IndexSubset *inheritLifetimeParamIndices,
                          IndexSubset *scopeLifetimeParamIndices,
                          unsigned targetIndex, bool isImmortal,
-                         // set during SIL type lowering
-                         IndexSubset *addressableParamIndices = nullptr,
-                         IndexSubset *conditionallyAddressableParamIndices = nullptr)
+                         bool isFromAnnotation,
+                         IndexSubset *addressableParamIndices,
+                         IndexSubset *conditionallyAddressableParamIndices)
       : inheritLifetimeParamIndices(inheritLifetimeParamIndices),
         scopeLifetimeParamIndices(scopeLifetimeParamIndices),
-        addressableParamIndicesAndImmortal(addressableParamIndices, isImmortal),
-        conditionallyAddressableParamIndices(conditionallyAddressableParamIndices),
+        addressableParamIndicesAndImmortalAndFromAnnotation(
+            {addressableParamIndices, isImmortal}, isFromAnnotation),
+        conditionallyAddressableParamIndices(
+            conditionallyAddressableParamIndices),
         targetIndex(targetIndex) {
     ASSERT(this->isImmortal() || inheritLifetimeParamIndices ||
            scopeLifetimeParamIndices);
@@ -238,6 +245,18 @@ class LifetimeDependenceInfo {
     }
   }
 
+  /// Partially-initialized dependence info, with addressable & conditionally
+  /// addressable parameter indices unset for now.
+  LifetimeDependenceInfo(IndexSubset *inheritLifetimeParamIndices,
+                         IndexSubset *scopeLifetimeParamIndices,
+                         unsigned targetIndex, bool isImmortal,
+                         bool isFromAnnotation)
+      : LifetimeDependenceInfo(inheritLifetimeParamIndices,
+                               scopeLifetimeParamIndices, targetIndex,
+                               isImmortal, isFromAnnotation,
+                               // set during SIL type lowering
+                               nullptr, nullptr) {}
+
   operator bool() const { return !empty(); }
 
   bool empty() const {
@@ -245,7 +264,18 @@ class LifetimeDependenceInfo {
            scopeLifetimeParamIndices == nullptr;
   }
 
-  bool isImmortal() const { return addressableParamIndicesAndImmortal.getInt(); }
+  bool isImmortal() const {
+    return addressableParamIndicesAndImmortalAndFromAnnotation.getPointer()
+        .getInt();
+  }
+
+  /// Whether this lifetime dependence corresponds to a @lifetime annotation in
+  /// the source program (Swift or SIL). Such dependencies are likely to differ
+  /// from the default (inferred) ones, so they must be included when printing a
+  /// Swift function's type.
+  bool isFromAnnotation() const {
+    return addressableParamIndicesAndImmortalAndFromAnnotation.getInt();
+  }
 
   unsigned getTargetIndex() const { return targetIndex; }
 
@@ -256,7 +286,8 @@ class LifetimeDependenceInfo {
     return scopeLifetimeParamIndices != nullptr;
   }
   bool hasAddressableParamIndices() const {
-    return addressableParamIndicesAndImmortal.getPointer() != nullptr;
+    return addressableParamIndicesAndImmortalAndFromAnnotation.getPointer()
+               .getPointer() != nullptr;
   }
 
   unsigned getParamIndicesLength() const {
@@ -282,7 +313,8 @@ class LifetimeDependenceInfo {
   /// not only on the value, but the memory location of a particular instance
   /// of the value.
   IndexSubset *getAddressableIndices() const {
-    return addressableParamIndicesAndImmortal.getPointer();
+    return addressableParamIndicesAndImmortalAndFromAnnotation.getPointer()
+        .getPointer();
   }
   /// Return the set of parameters which may have addressable dependencies
   /// depending on the type of the parameter.
@@ -307,6 +339,12 @@ class LifetimeDependenceInfo {
       && scopeLifetimeParamIndices->contains(index);
   }
 
+  /// Get a string representation of this LifetimeDependenceInfo suitable for
+  /// printing in SIL. The target is not included, since this is determined by
+  /// the position of the attribute in SIL.
+  ///
+  /// For printing function type lifetimes in Swift, see
+  /// ASTPrinter::printSwiftLifetimeDependence.
   std::string getString() const;
   void Profile(llvm::FoldingSetNodeID &ID) const;
   void getConcatenatedData(SmallVectorImpl<bool> &concatenatedData) const;
@@ -321,6 +359,12 @@ class LifetimeDependenceInfo {
   getFromSIL(FunctionTypeRepr *funcRepr, ArrayRef<SILParameterInfo> params,
              ArrayRef<SILResultInfo> results, DeclContext *dc);
 
+  /// Builds LifetimeDependenceInfo from a function type.
+  static std::optional<llvm::ArrayRef<LifetimeDependenceInfo>>
+  getFromAST(FunctionTypeRepr *funcRepr, AnyFunctionType *funcType,
+             ArrayRef<LifetimeTypeAttr *> lifetimeAttributes, DeclContext *dc,
+             GenericEnvironment *env);
+
   bool operator==(const LifetimeDependenceInfo &other) const {
     return this->isImmortal() == other.isImmortal() &&
            this->getTargetIndex() == other.getTargetIndex() &&
diff --git a/include/swift/AST/Ownership.h b/include/swift/AST/Ownership.h
index 9ec8ab6b4ba6f..1f458cf03cbee 100644
--- a/include/swift/AST/Ownership.h
+++ b/include/swift/AST/Ownership.h
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ ValueOwnership asValueOwnership(ParameterOwnership o);
 static inline llvm::StringRef getOwnershipSpelling(ValueOwnership ownership) {
   switch (ownership) {
   case ValueOwnership::Default:
-    return "";
+    return "default";
   case ValueOwnership::InOut:
     return "inout";
   case ValueOwnership::Shared:
diff --git a/include/swift/AST/TypeAttr.def b/include/swift/AST/TypeAttr.def
index 9aa07d1ff0160..d34858e35a16b 100644
--- a/include/swift/AST/TypeAttr.def
+++ b/include/swift/AST/TypeAttr.def
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ SIMPLE_TYPE_ATTR(reparented, Reparented)
 SIMPLE_TYPE_ATTR(unchecked, Unchecked)
 SIMPLE_TYPE_ATTR(preconcurrency, Preconcurrency)
 SIMPLE_TYPE_ATTR(unsafe, Unsafe)
+TYPE_ATTR(_lifetime, Lifetime)
 SIMPLE_TYPE_ATTR(_local, Local)
 SIMPLE_TYPE_ATTR(_noMetadata, NoMetadata)
 TYPE_ATTR(_opaqueReturnTypeOf, OpaqueReturnTypeOf)
diff --git a/include/swift/AST/Types.h b/include/swift/AST/Types.h
index f444897fb1656..370c561978bd2 100644
--- a/include/swift/AST/Types.h
+++ b/include/swift/AST/Types.h
@@ -3790,6 +3790,10 @@ class AnyFunctionType : public TypeBase {
     return Bits.AnyFunctionType.HasLifetimeDependencies;
   }
 
+  /// Type has lifetime dependencies derived from explicit @_lifetime
+  /// attributes.
+  bool hasExplicitLifetimeDependencies() const;
+
   ClangTypeInfo getClangTypeInfo() const;
   ClangTypeInfo getCanonicalClangTypeInfo() const;
 
diff --git a/include/swift/Basic/Features.def b/include/swift/Basic/Features.def
index 912e9c0e8edb5..cee8e41c33be6 100644
--- a/include/swift/Basic/Features.def
+++ b/include/swift/Basic/Features.def
@@ -278,6 +278,7 @@ LANGUAGE_FEATURE(InoutLifetimeDependence, 0, "Support @_lifetime(&)")
 SUPPRESSIBLE_LANGUAGE_FEATURE(NonexhaustiveAttribute, 487, "Nonexhaustive Enums")
 LANGUAGE_FEATURE(ModuleSelector, 491, "Module selectors (`Module::name` syntax)")
 LANGUAGE_FEATURE(BuiltinConcurrencyStackNesting, 0, "Concurrency Stack Nesting Builtins")
+LANGUAGE_FEATURE(ClosureLifetimes, 0, "Support @_lifetime on function types")
 
 // TEMPORARY: Never use this, because it is only meant to allow us to model
 // suppression of @c in Swift interfaces as a temporary measure.
diff --git a/include/swift/SIL/SILBridging.h b/include/swift/SIL/SILBridging.h
index 391fae79ff6a2..f892e7e742dae 100644
--- a/include/swift/SIL/SILBridging.h
+++ b/include/swift/SIL/SILBridging.h
@@ -198,6 +198,7 @@ struct BridgedLifetimeDependenceInfo {
   swift::IndexSubset *_Nullable conditionallyAddressableParamIndices;
   SwiftUInt targetIndex;
   bool immortal;
+  bool fromAnnotation;
 
   BRIDGED_INLINE BridgedLifetimeDependenceInfo(swift::LifetimeDependenceInfo info);
 
diff --git a/include/swift/SIL/SILBridgingImpl.h b/include/swift/SIL/SILBridgingImpl.h
index e0717fffbe670..d547a28299198 100644
--- a/include/swift/SIL/SILBridgingImpl.h
+++ b/include/swift/SIL/SILBridgingImpl.h
@@ -171,13 +171,15 @@ BridgedParameterInfo BridgedParameterInfoArray::at(SwiftInt parameterIndex) cons
 //                       BridgedLifetimeDependenceInfo
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 
-BridgedLifetimeDependenceInfo::BridgedLifetimeDependenceInfo(swift::LifetimeDependenceInfo info)
+BridgedLifetimeDependenceInfo::BridgedLifetimeDependenceInfo(
+    swift::LifetimeDependenceInfo info)
     : inheritLifetimeParamIndices(info.getInheritIndices()),
       scopeLifetimeParamIndices(info.getScopeIndices()),
       addressableParamIndices(info.getAddressableIndices()),
       conditionallyAddressableParamIndices(
-        info.getConditionallyAddressableIndices()),
-      targetIndex(info.getTargetIndex()), immortal(info.isImmortal()) {}
+          info.getConditionallyAddressableIndices()),
+      targetIndex(info.getTargetIndex()), immortal(info.isImmortal()),
+      fromAnnotation(info.isFromAnnotation()) {}
 
 SwiftInt BridgedLifetimeDependenceInfoArray::count() const {
   return lifetimeDependenceInfoArray.unbridged<swift::LifetimeDependenceInfo>().size();
diff --git a/lib/AST/ASTPrinter.cpp b/lib/AST/ASTPrinter.cpp
index d4f53b82d72f9..197a247a529fc 100644
--- a/lib/AST/ASTPrinter.cpp
+++ b/lib/AST/ASTPrinter.cpp
@@ -504,6 +504,108 @@ bool TypeTransformContext::isPrintingSynthesizedExtension() const {
   return !Decl.isNull();
 }
 
+/// Get a string representation of the parameter at params[index]. This will be
+/// the label or internal label of a normal parameter, or the string form of
+/// index. We cannot currently print lifetimes with indices in swiftinterface
+/// files because SwiftSyntax cannot parse lifetime entries that use them.
+static std::string
+getLifetimeDependenceIdentifier(unsigned index,
+                                ArrayRef<AnyFunctionType::Param> params) {
+  // TODO: Print "self" for the self parameter. Requires a way to determine if a
+  // type is the interface type of an instance method.
+  if (index < params.size() && params[index].hasInternalLabel()) {
+    return params[index].getInternalLabel().get();
+  }
+
+  return std::to_string(index);
+}
+
+/// Get a string representation for the list of sources of the given
+/// LifetimeDependenceInfo, if they can be printed.
+///
+/// See getLifetimeDependenceIdentifier.
+static std::string getLifetimeDependenceInfoSourceListString(
+    LifetimeDependenceInfo const &info,
+    ArrayRef<AnyFunctionType::Param> params) {
+
+  std::string lifetimeDependenceString = "";
+  auto addressable = info.getAddressableIndices();
+  auto condAddressable = info.getConditionallyAddressableIndices();
+
+  auto getSourceString = [&](IndexSubset *bitvector,
+                             StringRef kind) -> std::string {
+    std::string result;
+    bool isFirstSetBit = true;
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < bitvector->getCapacity(); i++) {
+      if (bitvector->contains(i)) {
+        if (!isFirstSetBit) {
+          result += ", ";
+        }
+        result += kind;
+        if (addressable && addressable->contains(i)) {
+          result += "address ";
+        } else if (condAddressable && condAddressable->contains(i)) {
+          result += "address_for_deps ";
+        }
+        // Print source labels for explicit lifetime annotations. Otherwise,
+        // print the index. Indices should ideally never be used in Swift
+        // lifetime annotations, especially in module interfaces.
+        result += getLifetimeDependenceIdentifier(i, params);
+        isFirstSetBit = false;
+      }
+    }
+    return result;
+  };
+  auto inheritLifetimeParamIndices = info.getInheritIndices();
+  if (inheritLifetimeParamIndices) {
+    assert(!inheritLifetimeParamIndices->isEmpty());
+    lifetimeDependenceString +=
+        getSourceString(inheritLifetimeParamIndices, "copy ");
+  }
+  if (auto scopeLifetimeParamIndices = info.getScopeIndices()) {
+    assert(!scopeLifetimeParamIndices->isEmpty());
+    if (inheritLifetimeParamIndices) {
+      lifetimeDependenceString += ", ";
+    }
+    lifetimeDependenceString +=
+        getSourceString(scopeLifetimeParamIndices, "borrow ");
+  }
+  if (info.isImmortal()) {
+    lifetimeDependenceString += "immortal";
+  }
+  return lifetimeDependenceString;
+}
+
+/// Get a string representation for this dependence info as a Swift lifetime
+/// attribute (for a type or decl). The target and sources are referred to by
+/// their labels if possible (see getLifetimeDependenceIdentifier).
+static std::string
+getLifetimeDependenceInfoSwiftString(LifetimeDependenceInfo const &info,
+                                     ArrayRef<AnyFunctionType::Param> params) {
+  std::string lifetimeDependenceString = "@_lifetime(";
+
+  // Only print the target if it is a parameter or self.
+  const auto resultIndex = params.size();
+  const auto targetIndex = info.getTargetIndex();
+  if (targetIndex != resultIndex) {
+    lifetimeDependenceString +=
+        getLifetimeDependenceIdentifier(targetIndex, params);
+    lifetimeDependenceString += ": ";
+  }
+
+  lifetimeDependenceString +=
+      getLifetimeDependenceInfoSourceListString(info, params);
+  lifetimeDependenceString += ") ";
+  return lifetimeDependenceString;
+}
+
+void ASTPrinter::printSwiftLifetimeDependence(
+    LifetimeDependenceInfo const &lifetimeDependence,
+    ArrayRef<AnyFunctionType::Param> params) {
+
+  *this << getLifetimeDependenceInfoSwiftString(lifetimeDependence, params);
+}
+
 void ASTPrinter::anchor() {}
 
 void ASTPrinter::printIndent() {
@@ -6755,6 +6857,17 @@ class TypePrinter : public TypeVisitor<TypePrinter, void, NonRecursivePrintOptio
       Printer.printSimpleAttr("@Sendable") << " ";
     }
 
+    // Print lifetime dependencies using Swift syntax.
+    if (!Options.PrintInSILBody && fnType->hasLifetimeDependencies()) {
+      ArrayRef<AnyFunctionType::Param> params = fnType->getParams();
+
+      for (const auto &lifetimeDependence : info.getLifetimeDependencies()) {
+        if (lifetimeDependence.isFromAnnotation()) {
+          Printer.printSwiftLifetimeDependence(lifetimeDependence, params);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
     SmallString<64> buf;
     switch (Options.PrintFunctionRepresentationAttrs) {
     case PrintOptions::FunctionRepresentationMode::None:
@@ -6940,8 +7053,16 @@ class TypePrinter : public TypeVisitor<TypePrinter, void, NonRecursivePrintOptio
     }
   }
 
+  /// Print a function type's parameter list.
+  ///
+  /// * printExternalLabels: Whether to print the parameters' external labels.
+  ///
+  /// * printAllLabels: Whether to print all parameter labels (external and
+  ///   internal). This is used when a function has explicit lifetime
+  ///   dependencies, which may refer to the parameters by their labels.
   void visitAnyFunctionTypeParams(
-      ArrayRef<AnyFunctionType::Param> Params, bool printLabels,
+      ArrayRef<AnyFunctionType::Param> Params, bool printExternalLabels,
+      bool printAllLabels,
       ArrayRef<LifetimeDependenceInfo> lifetimeDependencies) {
     Printer << "(";
 
@@ -6955,16 +7076,23 @@ class TypePrinter : public TypeVisitor<TypePrinter, void, NonRecursivePrintOptio
         Printer.printStructurePost(PrintStructureKind::FunctionParameter);
       };
 
-      if ((Options.AlwaysTryPrintParameterLabels || printLabels) &&
+      bool hasValidInternalLabel = Param.hasInternalLabel() &&
+                                   !Param.getInternalLabel().hasDollarPrefix();
+
+      if ((Options.AlwaysTryPrintParameterLabels || printExternalLabels ||
+           printAllLabels) &&
           Param.hasLabel()) {
         // Label printing was requested and we have an external label. Print it
         // and omit the internal label.
         Printer.printName(Param.getLabel(),
                           PrintNameContext::FunctionParameterExternal);
+        if (printAllLabels && hasValidInternalLabel) {
+          Printer << ' ';
+          Printer.printName(Param.getInternalLabel());
+        }
         Printer << ": ";
-      } else if (Options.AlwaysTryPrintParameterLabels &&
-                 Param.hasInternalLabel() &&
-                 !Param.getInternalLabel().hasDollarPrefix()) {
+      } else if ((Options.AlwaysTryPrintParameterLabels || printAllLabels) &&
+                 hasValidInternalLabel) {
         // We didn't have an external parameter label but were requested to
         // always try and print parameter labels.
         // If the internal label is a valid internal parameter label (does not
@@ -6976,7 +7104,9 @@ class TypePrinter : public TypeVisitor<TypePrinter, void, NonRecursivePrintOptio
         Printer << ": ";
       }
 
-      Printer.printLifetimeDependenceAt(lifetimeDependencies, i);
+      if (Options.PrintInSILBody) {
+        Printer.printLifetimeDependenceAt(lifetimeDependencies, i);
+      }
 
       auto type = Param.getPlainType();
       if (Param.isVariadic()) {
@@ -6992,6 +7122,12 @@ class TypePrinter : public TypeVisitor<TypePrinter, void, NonRecursivePrintOptio
     Printer << ")";
   }
 
+  static bool shouldPrintLabelsForLifetimeAttributes(AnyFunctionType const *T) {
+    // If the type has explicit lifetime dependencies, print the labels, because
+    // explicit lifetimes use them to describe their sources and targets.
+    return T->hasExplicitLifetimeDependencies();
+  }
+
   void visitFunctionType(FunctionType *T,
                          NonRecursivePrintOptions nrOptions) {
     Printer.callPrintStructurePre(PrintStructureKind::FunctionType);
@@ -7002,7 +7138,10 @@ class TypePrinter : public TypeVisitor<TypePrinter, void, NonRecursivePrintOptio
     printFunctionExtInfo(T, nrOptions);
 
     // If we're stripping argument labels from types, do it when printing.
-    visitAnyFunctionTypeParams(T->getParams(), /*printLabels*/ false,
+    visitAnyFunctionTypeParams(T->getParams(),
+                               /*printExternalLabels*/ false,
+                               /*printAllLabels*/
+                               shouldPrintLabelsForLifetimeAttributes(T),
                                T->getLifetimeDependencies());
 
     if (T->hasExtInfo()) {
@@ -7028,7 +7167,10 @@ class TypePrinter : public TypeVisitor<TypePrinter, void, NonRecursivePrintOptio
       Printer.printKeyword("sending ", Options);
     }
 
-    Printer.printLifetimeDependence(T->getLifetimeDependenceForResult());
+    if (Options.PrintInSILBody) {
+      Printer.printLifetimeDependenceAt(T->getLifetimeDependencies(),
+                                        T->getParams().size());
+    }
 
     Printer.callPrintStructurePre(PrintStructureKind::FunctionReturnType);
     T->getResult().print(Printer, Options);
@@ -7063,7 +7205,9 @@ class TypePrinter : public TypeVisitor<TypePrinter, void, NonRecursivePrintOptio
                           PrintAST::defaultGenericRequirementFlags(Options));
     Printer << " ";
 
-    visitAnyFunctionTypeParams(T->getParams(), /*printLabels*/ true,
+    visitAnyFunctionTypeParams(T->getParams(),
+                               /*printExternalLabels*/ true, /*printAllLabels*/
+                               shouldPrintLabelsForLifetimeAttributes(T),
                                T->getLifetimeDependencies());
 
     if (T->hasExtInfo()) {
@@ -7085,8 +7229,10 @@ class TypePrinter : public TypeVisitor<TypePrinter, void, NonRecursivePrintOptio
 
     Printer << " -> ";
 
-    Printer.printLifetimeDependenceAt(T->getLifetimeDependencies(),
-                                      T->getParams().size());
+    if (Options.PrintInSILBody) {
+      Printer.printLifetimeDependenceAt(T->getLifetimeDependencies(),
+                                        T->getParams().size());
+    }
 
     Printer.callPrintStructurePre(PrintStructureKind::FunctionReturnType);
     T->getResult().print(Printer, Options);
@@ -7191,7 +7337,7 @@ class TypePrinter : public TypeVisitor<TypePrinter, void, NonRecursivePrintOptio
       }
       Printer << ") -> ";
 
-      Printer.printLifetimeDependence(T->getLifetimeDependenceForResult());
+      Printer.printSILLifetimeDependence(T->getLifetimeDependenceForResult());
 
       bool parenthesizeResults = mustParenthesizeResults(T);
       if (parenthesizeResults)
@@ -7835,12 +7981,13 @@ void AnyFunctionType::printParams(ArrayRef<AnyFunctionType::Param> Params,
   printParams(Params, Printer, PO);
 }
 void AnyFunctionType::printParams(ArrayRef<AnyFunctionType::Param> Params,
-                                  ASTPrinter &Printer,
-                                  const PrintOptions &PO) {
-  // TODO: Handle lifetime dependence printing here
+                                  ASTPrinter &Printer, const PrintOptions &PO) {
+  // Function type lifetimes are printed as part of the ExtInfo, not the
+  // parameter list, so we do not need to print them here.
   TypePrinter(Printer, PO)
       .visitAnyFunctionTypeParams(Params,
-                                  /*printLabels*/ true, {});
+                                  /*printExternalLabels*/ true,
+                                  /*printAllLabels*/ false, {});
 }
 
 std::string
@@ -8029,7 +8176,7 @@ void SILParameterInfo::print(
   }
 
   if (lifetimeDependence) {
-    Printer.printLifetimeDependence(*lifetimeDependence);
+    Printer.printSILLifetimeDependence(*lifetimeDependence);
   }
 
   if (options.contains(SILParameterInfo::ImplicitLeading)) {
diff --git a/lib/AST/Attr.cpp b/lib/AST/Attr.cpp
index 6eb1d9d7208cc..8b2bb176d7da9 100644
--- a/lib/AST/Attr.cpp
+++ b/lib/AST/Attr.cpp
@@ -238,6 +238,14 @@ void DifferentiableTypeAttr::printImpl(ASTPrinter &printer,
   printer.printStructurePost(PrintStructureKind::BuiltinAttribute);
 }
 
+void LifetimeTypeAttr::printImpl(ASTPrinter &printer,
+                                 const PrintOptions &options) const {
+  printer.callPrintStructurePre(PrintStructureKind::BuiltinAttribute);
+  printer.printAttrName("@_lifetime");
+  printer << entry->getString();
+  printer.printStructurePost(PrintStructureKind::BuiltinAttribute);
+}
+
 void ConventionTypeAttr::printImpl(ASTPrinter &printer,
                                    const PrintOptions &options) const {
   printer.callPrintStructurePre(PrintStructureKind::BuiltinAttribute);
diff --git a/lib/AST/Bridging/TypeAttributeBridging.cpp b/lib/AST/Bridging/TypeAttributeBridging.cpp
index 975dacf3ce928..34acabf269579 100644
--- a/lib/AST/Bridging/TypeAttributeBridging.cpp
+++ b/lib/AST/Bridging/TypeAttributeBridging.cpp
@@ -69,6 +69,14 @@ BridgedDifferentiableTypeAttr BridgedDifferentiableTypeAttr_createParsed(
       atLoc, nameLoc, parensRange, {unbridged(cKind), kindLoc});
 }
 
+BridgedLifetimeTypeAttr BridgedLifetimeTypeAttr_createParsed(
+    BridgedASTContext cContext, swift::SourceLoc atLoc,
+    swift::SourceLoc nameLoc, swift::SourceRange parensRange,
+    BridgedLifetimeEntry entry) {
+  return new (cContext.unbridged())
+      LifetimeTypeAttr(atLoc, nameLoc, parensRange, entry.unbridged());
+}
+
 BridgedIsolatedTypeAttr BridgedIsolatedTypeAttr_createParsed(
     BridgedASTContext cContext, SourceLoc atLoc, SourceLoc nameLoc,
     SourceRange parensRange, BridgedIsolatedTypeAttrIsolationKind cIsolation,
diff --git a/lib/AST/FeatureSet.cpp b/lib/AST/FeatureSet.cpp
index 79574ae1000f1..efaaaa724a765 100644
--- a/lib/AST/FeatureSet.cpp
+++ b/lib/AST/FeatureSet.cpp
@@ -233,6 +233,56 @@ static bool usesFeatureLifetimes(Decl *decl) {
   return false;
 }
 
+static bool hasLifetimeDependencies(Type type) {
+  if (auto *aft = type->getAs<AnyFunctionType>()) {
+    return aft->hasExplicitLifetimeDependencies();
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+/// Search for any types within decl with lifetime dependencies. Ignore
+/// lifetimes on AbstractFunctionDecl decls, since those are supported by the
+/// Lifetimes feature, not ClosureLifetimes.
+static bool findClosureLifetimes(Decl *decl) {
+  // Search for any Decl that uses a type with lifetime dependencies, possibly
+  // restricting this to explicit dependencies.
+  class ClosureLifetimesWalker : public ASTWalker {
+
+  public:
+    bool useFound = false;
+
+    PreWalkAction walkToDeclPre(Decl *D) override {
+      if (auto *afd = dyn_cast<AbstractFunctionDecl>(D)) {
+        // Check the parameters and result, but not the AFD itself, since
+        // lifetimes on AFDs are supported by the Lifetimes feature.
+        Type resultType =
+            afd->getInterfaceType()->getAs<AnyFunctionType>()->getResult();
+        useFound = resultType.findIf(hasLifetimeDependencies);
+        return Action::StopIf(useFound);
+      }
+
+      // Check for lifetime dependence info on param and type decls.
+      if (isa<ParamDecl>(D) || isa<TypeDecl>(D)) {
+        useFound = usesTypeMatching(D, hasLifetimeDependencies);
+        return Action::StopIf(useFound);
+      }
+
+      // Any other Decl kinds are irrelevant.
+      return Action::SkipChildren();
+    }
+  };
+
+  ClosureLifetimesWalker walker;
+  decl->walk(walker);
+  return walker.useFound;
+}
+
+static bool usesFeatureClosureLifetimes(Decl *decl) {
+  // This will find function types with lifetimes & closures with lifetimes,
+  // since it walks the AST rooted at decl, checking types.
+  return findClosureLifetimes(decl);
+}
+
 static bool usesFeatureInoutLifetimeDependence(Decl *decl) {
   auto hasInoutLifetimeDependence = [](Decl *decl) {
     for (auto attr : decl->getAttrs().getAttributes<LifetimeAttr>()) {
diff --git a/lib/AST/LifetimeDependence.cpp b/lib/AST/LifetimeDependence.cpp
index 2d653fa9d4590..f4bfc8369787a 100644
--- a/lib/AST/LifetimeDependence.cpp
+++ b/lib/AST/LifetimeDependence.cpp
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 #include "swift/AST/ConformanceLookup.h"
 #include "swift/AST/Decl.h"
 #include "swift/AST/DiagnosticsSema.h"
+#include "swift/AST/GenericEnvironment.h"
 #include "swift/AST/Module.h"
 #include "swift/AST/ParameterList.h"
 #include "swift/AST/SourceFile.h"
@@ -32,6 +33,20 @@
 
 using namespace swift;
 
+/// Determine whether Type t is "unknown", meaning we cannot safely determine
+/// whether it is Escapable by calling TypeBase::isEscapable.
+static bool isTypeUnknown(Type t) {
+  // These types would hit an assertion in
+  // TypeBase::computeInvertibleConformances.
+  if (t->hasUnboundGenericType() || t->hasTypeParameter())
+    return true;
+  // This type would hit an assertion in checkRequirements.
+  if (t->hasTypeVariable())
+    return true;
+
+  return false;
+}
+
 std::string LifetimeDescriptor::getString() const {
   switch (kind) {
   case DescriptorKind::Named: {
@@ -194,7 +209,8 @@ std::string LifetimeDependenceInfo::getString() const {
 }
 
 void LifetimeDependenceInfo::Profile(llvm::FoldingSetNodeID &ID) const {
-  ID.AddBoolean(addressableParamIndicesAndImmortal.getInt());
+  ID.AddBoolean(isImmortal());
+  ID.AddBoolean(isFromAnnotation());
   ID.AddInteger(targetIndex);
   if (inheritLifetimeParamIndices) {
     ID.AddInteger((uint8_t)LifetimeDependenceKind::Inherit);
@@ -204,11 +220,11 @@ void LifetimeDependenceInfo::Profile(llvm::FoldingSetNodeID &ID) const {
     ID.AddInteger((uint8_t)LifetimeDependenceKind::Scope);
     scopeLifetimeParamIndices->Profile(ID);
   }
-  if (addressableParamIndicesAndImmortal.getPointer()) {
+  if (hasAddressableParamIndices()) {
     ID.AddBoolean(true);
-    addressableParamIndicesAndImmortal.getPointer()->Profile(ID);
+    getAddressableIndices()->Profile(ID);
   } else {
-    ID.AddBoolean(false);  
+    ID.AddBoolean(false);
   }
 }
 
@@ -235,7 +251,7 @@ void LifetimeDependenceInfo::getConcatenatedData(
     pushData(scopeLifetimeParamIndices);
   }
   if (hasAddressableParamIndices()) {
-    pushData(addressableParamIndicesAndImmortal.getPointer());
+    pushData(getAddressableIndices());
   }
 }
 
@@ -337,8 +353,8 @@ struct LifetimeDependenceBuilder {
   }
 
   TargetDeps *createAnnotatedTargetDeps(unsigned targetIndex) {
-    auto iterAndInserted = depsArray.try_emplace(targetIndex, true,
-                                                 sourceIndexCap);
+    auto iterAndInserted =
+        depsArray.try_emplace(targetIndex, true, sourceIndexCap);
     if (!iterAndInserted.second)
       return nullptr;
 
@@ -394,10 +410,11 @@ struct LifetimeDependenceBuilder {
         ASSERT(!deps.isImmortal
                && "cannot combine immortal lifetime with parameter dependency");
       }
-      lifetimeDependencies.push_back(LifetimeDependenceInfo{
+      lifetimeDependencies.push_back(LifetimeDependenceInfo(
           /*inheritLifetimeParamIndices*/ inheritIndices,
           /*scopeLifetimeParamIndices*/ scopeIndices, targetIndex,
-          /*isImmortal*/ deps.isImmortal});
+          /*isImmortal*/ deps.isImmortal,
+          /*isFromAnnotation*/ deps.hasAnnotation));
     }
     if (lifetimeDependencies.empty()) {
       return std::nullopt;
@@ -452,7 +469,7 @@ class LifetimeDependenceChecker {
 
   // A parameter corresponding to the implicit self declaration of
   // the function, if it has one. Otherwise, std::nullopt.
-  std::optional<ParamInfo> implicitSelfParam;
+  std::optional<ParamInfo> implicitSelfParamInfo;
 
   LifetimeDependenceBuilder depBuilder;
 
@@ -506,8 +523,8 @@ class LifetimeDependenceChecker {
   }
 
   const ParamInfo &getParamForIndex(unsigned paramIndex) {
-    if (implicitSelfParam && paramIndex == implicitSelfParam->index)
-      return *implicitSelfParam;
+    if (implicitSelfParamInfo && paramIndex == implicitSelfParamInfo->index)
+      return *implicitSelfParamInfo;
 
     assert(paramIndex < parameterInfos.size() && "unexpected result index");
     return parameterInfos[paramIndex];
@@ -517,8 +534,9 @@ class LifetimeDependenceChecker {
     if (paramOrResultIndex == resultIndex)
       return resultInterfaceType;
 
-    if (implicitSelfParam && paramOrResultIndex == implicitSelfParam->index)
-      return implicitSelfParam->getInterfaceType();
+    if (implicitSelfParamInfo &&
+        paramOrResultIndex == implicitSelfParamInfo->index)
+      return implicitSelfParamInfo->getInterfaceType();
 
     return parameterInfos[paramOrResultIndex].getInterfaceType();
   }
@@ -527,8 +545,9 @@ class LifetimeDependenceChecker {
     if (paramOrResultIndex == resultIndex)
       return resultTy;
 
-    if (implicitSelfParam && paramOrResultIndex == implicitSelfParam->index)
-      return implicitSelfParam->typeInContext;
+    if (implicitSelfParamInfo &&
+        paramOrResultIndex == implicitSelfParamInfo->index)
+      return implicitSelfParamInfo->typeInContext;
 
     return parameterInfos[paramOrResultIndex].typeInContext;
   }
@@ -557,31 +576,107 @@ class LifetimeDependenceChecker {
   LifetimeDependenceChecker(AbstractFunctionDecl *afd)
       : lifetimeEntries(collectLifetimeEntries(afd->getAttrs())),
         parameterInfos(collectParameterInfo(afd->getParameters(), afd)),
-        afd(afd),
-        ctx(afd->getDeclContext()->getASTContext()),
+        afd(afd), ctx(afd->getDeclContext()->getASTContext()),
         sourceFile(afd->getParentSourceFile()),
-        escapableDecl(
-          ctx.getProtocol(
+        escapableDecl(ctx.getProtocol(
             swift::getKnownProtocolKind(InvertibleProtocolKind::Escapable))),
         genericEnv(afd->getGenericEnvironment()),
         resultIndex(getResultIndex(afd)),
         resultInterfaceType(getResultOrYieldInterface(afd)),
         resultTy(afd->mapTypeIntoEnvironment(resultInterfaceType)),
         returnLoc(getReturnLoc(afd)),
-        implicitSelfParam(getSelfParamInfo(afd)),
+        implicitSelfParamInfo(getSelfParamInfo(afd)),
         depBuilder(/*sourceIndexCap*/ resultIndex),
-        isImplicit(afd->isImplicit()),
-        isInit(isa<ConstructorDecl>(afd)),
+        isImplicit(afd->isImplicit()), isInit(isa<ConstructorDecl>(afd)),
         hasUnsafeNonEscapableResult(
-          afd->getAttrs().hasAttribute<UnsafeNonEscapableResultAttr>()) {}
+            afd->getAttrs().hasAttribute<UnsafeNonEscapableResultAttr>()) {}
+
+  LifetimeDependenceChecker(FunctionTypeRepr *funcRepr,
+                            AnyFunctionType *funcType,
+                            ArrayRef<LifetimeTypeAttr *> lifetimeAttrs,
+                            DeclContext *dc, GenericEnvironment *env)
+      : afd(nullptr), ctx(funcType->getASTContext()),
+        sourceFile(dc->getParentSourceFile()),
+        resultIndex(funcType->getParams().size()),
+        returnLoc(funcRepr->getResultTypeRepr()->getLoc()),
+        implicitSelfParamInfo(std::nullopt), depBuilder(resultIndex),
+        isImplicit(false), isInit(false), hasUnsafeNonEscapableResult(false) {
+    for (auto functionLifetimeEntry : lifetimeAttrs)
+      lifetimeEntries.push_back(functionLifetimeEntry->getLifetimeEntry());
+
+    // We only ever use the second names of function type parameters for
+    // lifetimes.
+    auto const params = funcType->getParams();
+    auto const argReprs = funcRepr->getArgsTypeRepr()->getElements();
+
+    resultTy =
+        GenericEnvironment::mapTypeIntoEnvironment(env, funcType->getResult());
+
+    assert(params.size() == argReprs.size());
+    for (unsigned paramIndex = 0; paramIndex < params.size(); ++paramIndex) {
+      auto const &parameter = params[paramIndex];
+      auto const &arg = argReprs[paramIndex];
+      parameterInfos.push_back(
+          {parameter, paramIndex,
+           // If an argument has no second name, use the location of its type.
+           arg.SecondNameLoc.isValid() ? arg.SecondNameLoc : arg.Type->getLoc(),
+           GenericEnvironment::mapTypeIntoEnvironment(
+               env, parameter.getPlainType())});
+    }
+  }
 
   std::optional<llvm::ArrayRef<LifetimeDependenceInfo>>
   currentDependencies() const {
     return depBuilder.initializeDependenceInfoArray(ctx);
   }
 
+  /// Perform lifetime dependence checks for a function type.
+  std::optional<llvm::ArrayRef<LifetimeDependenceInfo>> checkFuncType() {
+    // Check if the function type contains any types for which we cannot
+    // determine Escapability. We cannot perform lifetime inference for such
+    // types, or check the correctness of lifetime annotations on them, so bail
+    // out. Emit diagnostics if there are any lifetime attributes.
+    //
+    // We could make this more granular, only bailing out if a lifetime source
+    // or target contains an unbound generic, but these cases seem too niche to
+    // be worth the effort.
+    //
+    // Even if there were no explicit lifetime entries, we still need to
+    // diagnose failed inference if a parameter or the result was ~Escapable.
+    const auto isNonEscapableSafe = [](Type t) {
+      return !isTypeUnknown(t) && isDiagnosedNonEscapable(t);
+    };
+    const bool shouldDiagnose =
+        !lifetimeEntries.empty() ||
+        llvm::any_of(parameterInfos,
+                     [&](const ParamInfo &paramInfo) {
+                       return isNonEscapableSafe(paramInfo.typeInContext);
+                     }) ||
+        isNonEscapableSafe(resultTy);
+    bool unknownTypeFound = false;
+    for (const auto &paramInfo : parameterInfos) {
+      if (isTypeUnknown(paramInfo.typeInContext)) {
+        unknownTypeFound = true;
+        if (shouldDiagnose)
+          diagnose(paramInfo.loc, diag::lifetime_dependence_unknown_type,
+                   "parameter");
+      }
+    }
+    if (isTypeUnknown(resultTy)) {
+      unknownTypeFound = true;
+      if (shouldDiagnose)
+        diagnose(returnLoc, diag::lifetime_dependence_unknown_type, "result");
+    }
+
+    if (unknownTypeFound)
+      return std::nullopt;
+
+    return checkCommon();
+  }
+
+  /// Perform lifetime dependence checks for a function declaration.
   std::optional<llvm::ArrayRef<LifetimeDependenceInfo>> checkFuncDecl() {
-    assert(isa<FuncDecl>(afd) || isa<ConstructorDecl>(afd));
+    assert(nullptr != afd && (isa<FuncDecl>(afd) || isa<ConstructorDecl>(afd)));
     assert(depBuilder.empty());
 
     // Handle Builtins first because, even though Builtins require
@@ -592,6 +687,10 @@ class LifetimeDependenceChecker {
       return currentDependencies();
     }
 
+    return checkCommon();
+  }
+
+  std::optional<llvm::ArrayRef<LifetimeDependenceInfo>> checkCommon() {
     if (!ctx.LangOpts.hasFeature(Feature::LifetimeDependence)
         && !ctx.LangOpts.hasFeature(Feature::Lifetimes)
         && !ctx.SourceMgr.isImportMacroGeneratedLoc(returnLoc)) {
@@ -695,7 +794,7 @@ class LifetimeDependenceChecker {
   // the extra formal self parameter, a dependency targeting the formal result
   // index would incorrectly target the SIL metatype parameter.
   bool hasImplicitSelfParam() const {
-    return !isInit && implicitSelfParam.has_value();
+    return !isInit && implicitSelfParamInfo.has_value();
   }
 
   // In SIL, implicit initializers and accessors become explicit.
@@ -746,11 +845,11 @@ class LifetimeDependenceChecker {
         return qualifier;
       }
     }
-    if (implicitSelfParam.has_value()) {
+    if (implicitSelfParamInfo.has_value()) {
       if (isInit) {
         return "an initializer";
       }
-      if (implicitSelfParam->param.isInOut()) {
+      if (implicitSelfParamInfo->param.isInOut()) {
         return "a mutating method";
       }
       return "a method";
@@ -779,14 +878,14 @@ class LifetimeDependenceChecker {
     if (!hasImplicitSelfParam()) {
       return;
     }
-    if (!implicitSelfParam->param.isInOut()) {
+    if (!implicitSelfParamInfo->param.isInOut()) {
       return;
     }
-    if (!isDiagnosedNonEscapable(implicitSelfParam->typeInContext)) {
+    if (!isDiagnosedNonEscapable(implicitSelfParamInfo->typeInContext)) {
       return;
     }
-    if (!depBuilder.hasTargetDeps(implicitSelfParam->index)) {
-      ctx.Diags.diagnose(implicitSelfParam->loc, diagID,
+    if (!depBuilder.hasTargetDeps(implicitSelfParamInfo->index)) {
+      ctx.Diags.diagnose(implicitSelfParamInfo->loc, diagID,
                          {StringRef(diagnosticQualifier())});
     }
   }
@@ -846,13 +945,13 @@ class LifetimeDependenceChecker {
 
   // Inferrence helper.
   bool isCompatibleWithOwnership(LifetimeDependenceKind kind,
-                                 ParamInfo const &param) const {
+                                 ParamInfo const &paramInfo) const {
     if (kind == LifetimeDependenceKind::Inherit) {
       return true;
     }
 
-    auto paramType = param.typeInContext;
-    auto loweredOwnership = getLoweredOwnership(param.param);
+    auto paramType = paramInfo.typeInContext;
+    auto loweredOwnership = getLoweredOwnership(paramInfo.param);
     // Lifetime dependence always propagates through temporary BitwiseCopyable
     // values, even if the dependence is scoped.
     if (isBitwiseCopyable(paramType, ctx)) {
@@ -1007,7 +1106,7 @@ class LifetimeDependenceChecker {
                  diag::lifetime_dependence_invalid_self_in_init);
         return nullptr;
       }
-      return &implicitSelfParam.value();
+      return &implicitSelfParamInfo.value();
     }
     }
   }
@@ -1054,17 +1153,17 @@ class LifetimeDependenceChecker {
 
   // Get the value ownership of param if it is non-default. Otherwise, compute
   // the lowered value ownership. The supplied Param must be a member of
-  // parameters or implicitSelfParam.value().
+  // parameters or implicitSelfParamInfo.value().
   ValueOwnership getLoweredOwnership(Param const &param) const {
     auto const ownership = param.getValueOwnership();
     if (ownership != ValueOwnership::Default)
       return ownership;
-    if (isa<ConstructorDecl>(afd)) {
+    if (nullptr != afd && isa<ConstructorDecl>(afd)) {
       return ValueOwnership::Owned;
     }
     if (auto *ad = dyn_cast_or_null<AccessorDecl>(afd)) {
-      auto const isSelfParameter = implicitSelfParam.has_value() &&
-                                   &param == &(implicitSelfParam->param);
+      auto const isSelfParameter = implicitSelfParamInfo.has_value() &&
+                                   &param == &(implicitSelfParamInfo->param);
       if (ad->getAccessorKind() == AccessorKind::Set) {
         return isSelfParameter ? ValueOwnership::InOut : ValueOwnership::Owned;
       }
@@ -1224,9 +1323,10 @@ class LifetimeDependenceChecker {
 
     // Ignore mutating self. An 'inout' modifier effectively makes the parameter
     // a different type for lifetime inference.
-    if (hasImplicitSelfParam() && !implicitSelfParam->param.isInOut()) {
-      if (implicitSelfParam->typeInContext->getCanonicalType() == canResultTy) {
-        targetDeps->inheritIndices.set(implicitSelfParam->index);
+    if (hasImplicitSelfParam() && !implicitSelfParamInfo->param.isInOut()) {
+      if (implicitSelfParamInfo->typeInContext->getCanonicalType() ==
+          canResultTy) {
+        targetDeps->inheritIndices.set(implicitSelfParamInfo->index);
       }
     }
 
@@ -1259,7 +1359,7 @@ class LifetimeDependenceChecker {
       return;
     }
     bool nonEscapableSelf =
-        isDiagnosedNonEscapable(implicitSelfParam->typeInContext);
+        isDiagnosedNonEscapable(implicitSelfParamInfo->typeInContext);
     if (nonEscapableSelf && accessor->getImplicitSelfDecl()->isInOut()) {
       // First, infer the dependency of the inout non-Escapable 'self'. This may
       // result in two inferred dependencies for accessors (one targetting
@@ -1273,7 +1373,7 @@ class LifetimeDependenceChecker {
     // Infer the result dependency of the result or yielded value on 'self'
     // based on the kind of accessor called by this wrapper accessor.
     if (auto dependenceKind = getImplicitAccessorResultDependence(accessor)) {
-      depBuilder.inferDependency(resultIndex, implicitSelfParam->index,
+      depBuilder.inferDependency(resultIndex, implicitSelfParamInfo->index,
                                  *dependenceKind);
     }
   }
@@ -1302,7 +1402,7 @@ class LifetimeDependenceChecker {
       if (paramTypeInContext->hasError()) {
         return;
       }
-      depBuilder.inferInoutDependency(implicitSelfParam->index);
+      depBuilder.inferInoutDependency(implicitSelfParamInfo->index);
 
       // The 'newValue' dependence kind must match the getter's dependence kind
       // because the generated '_modify' accessor composes the getter's result
@@ -1310,7 +1410,7 @@ class LifetimeDependenceChecker {
       // Escapable then the getter does not have any lifetime dependency, so the
       // setter cannot depend on 'newValue'.
       if (!paramTypeInContext->isEscapable()) {
-        depBuilder.inferDependency(implicitSelfParam->index, newValIdx,
+        depBuilder.inferDependency(implicitSelfParamInfo->index, newValIdx,
                                    LifetimeDependenceKind::Inherit);
       }
       break;
@@ -1322,7 +1422,7 @@ class LifetimeDependenceChecker {
         // is the only useful dependence (a borrow of self is possible but not
         // useful), explicit annotation is required for now to confirm that the
         // mutated self cannot depend on anything stored at this address.
-        depBuilder.inferInoutDependency(implicitSelfParam->index);
+        depBuilder.inferInoutDependency(implicitSelfParamInfo->index);
       }
       break;
     default:
@@ -1367,9 +1467,9 @@ class LifetimeDependenceChecker {
             for (auto &dep : *deps) {
               if (dep.getTargetIndex() != resultIndex)
                 continue;
-              if (dep.checkInherit(implicitSelfParam->index))
+              if (dep.checkInherit(implicitSelfParamInfo->index))
                 return LifetimeDependenceKind::Inherit;
-              if (dep.checkScope(implicitSelfParam->index))
+              if (dep.checkScope(implicitSelfParamInfo->index))
                 return LifetimeDependenceKind::Scope;
             }
           }
@@ -1378,7 +1478,7 @@ class LifetimeDependenceChecker {
     }
     // Either a Get or Modify without any wrapped accessor. Handle these like a
     // read of the stored property.
-    return inferLifetimeDependenceKind(*implicitSelfParam);
+    return inferLifetimeDependenceKind(*implicitSelfParamInfo);
   }
 
   // Infer implicit initialization. A non-Escapable initializer parameter can
@@ -1445,26 +1545,26 @@ class LifetimeDependenceChecker {
       return; // same-type inferrence applied; don't issue diagnostics.
 
     bool nonEscapableSelf =
-      isDiagnosedNonEscapable(implicitSelfParam->typeInContext);
+        isDiagnosedNonEscapable(implicitSelfParamInfo->typeInContext);
     // Do not infer the result's dependence when the method is mutating and
     // 'self' is non-Escapable. Independently, a missing dependence on inout
     // 'self' will be diagnosed. Since an explicit annotation will be needed for
     // 'self', we also require the method's result to have an explicit
     // annotation.
-    if (nonEscapableSelf && implicitSelfParam->param.isInOut()) {
+    if (nonEscapableSelf && implicitSelfParamInfo->param.isInOut()) {
       return;
     }
     // Methods with parameters only apply to lazy inference. This does not
     // include accessors because a subscript's index is assumed not to be the
     // source of the result's dependency.
-    if (!isa<AccessorDecl>(afd) && !useLazyInference() &&
+    if (!(nullptr != afd && isa<AccessorDecl>(afd)) && !useLazyInference() &&
         parameterInfos.size() > 0) {
       return;
     }
     if (!useLazyInference() && !isImplicitOrSIL()) {
       // Require explicit @_lifetime(borrow self) for UnsafePointer-like self.
       if (!nonEscapableSelf &&
-          isBitwiseCopyable(implicitSelfParam->typeInContext, ctx)) {
+          isBitwiseCopyable(implicitSelfParamInfo->typeInContext, ctx)) {
         diagnose(returnLoc,
                  diag::lifetime_dependence_cannot_infer_bitwisecopyable,
                  diagnosticQualifier(), "self");
@@ -1479,7 +1579,7 @@ class LifetimeDependenceChecker {
     }
     // Infer based on ownership if possible for either explicit accessors or
     // methods as long as they pass preceding ambiguity checks.
-    auto kind = inferLifetimeDependenceKind(*implicitSelfParam);
+    auto kind = inferLifetimeDependenceKind(*implicitSelfParamInfo);
     if (!kind) {
       // Special diagnostic for an attempt to depend on a consuming parameter.
       diagnose(returnLoc,
@@ -1487,7 +1587,7 @@ class LifetimeDependenceChecker {
                "self", diagnosticQualifier());
       return;
     }
-    resultDeps->addIfNew(implicitSelfParam->index, *kind);
+    resultDeps->addIfNew(implicitSelfParamInfo->index, *kind);
   }
 
   // Infer result dependence on a function or intitializer parameter.
@@ -1602,15 +1702,15 @@ class LifetimeDependenceChecker {
     if (!hasImplicitSelfParam())
       return;
 
-    if (!isDiagnosedNonEscapable(implicitSelfParam->typeInContext))
+    if (!isDiagnosedNonEscapable(implicitSelfParamInfo->typeInContext))
       return;
 
     assert(!isInit && "class initializers have Escapable self");
-    if (!implicitSelfParam->param.isInOut())
+    if (!implicitSelfParamInfo->param.isInOut())
       return;
 
     // Assume that a mutating method does not depend on its parameters.
-    depBuilder.inferInoutDependency(implicitSelfParam->index);
+    depBuilder.inferInoutDependency(implicitSelfParamInfo->index);
   }
 
   // Infer @_lifetime(param: copy param) for 'inout' non-Escapable parameters.
@@ -1714,6 +1814,16 @@ LifetimeDependenceInfo::get(ValueDecl *decl) {
   return LifetimeDependenceChecker::checkEnumElementDecl(eed);
 }
 
+std::optional<llvm::ArrayRef<LifetimeDependenceInfo>>
+LifetimeDependenceInfo::getFromAST(
+    FunctionTypeRepr *funcRepr, AnyFunctionType *funcType,
+    ArrayRef<LifetimeTypeAttr *> lifetimeAttributes, DeclContext *dc,
+    GenericEnvironment *env) {
+  return LifetimeDependenceChecker(funcRepr, funcType, lifetimeAttributes, dc,
+                                   env)
+      .checkFuncType();
+}
+
 void LifetimeDependenceInfo::dump() const {
   llvm::errs() << "target: " << getTargetIndex() << '\n';
   if (isImmortal()) {
@@ -1809,10 +1919,10 @@ static std::optional<LifetimeDependenceInfo> checkSILTypeModifiers(
     }
     case LifetimeDescriptor::DescriptorKind::Named: {
       assert(source.isImmortal());
-      return LifetimeDependenceInfo(/*inheritLifetimeParamIndices*/ nullptr,
-                                    /*scopeLifetimeParamIndices*/ nullptr,
-                                    targetIndex,
-                                    /*isImmortal*/ true);
+      return LifetimeDependenceInfo(
+          /*inheritLifetimeParamIndices*/ nullptr,
+          /*scopeLifetimeParamIndices*/ nullptr, targetIndex,
+          /*isImmortal*/ true, /*isFromAnnotation*/ true);
     }
     default:
       llvm_unreachable("SIL can only have ordered or immortal lifetime "
@@ -1829,6 +1939,7 @@ static std::optional<LifetimeDependenceInfo> checkSILTypeModifiers(
     : nullptr,
     targetIndex,
     /*isImmortal*/ false,
+    /*isFromAnnotation*/ true,
     addressableLifetimeParamIndices.any()
     ? IndexSubset::get(ctx, addressableLifetimeParamIndices)
     : nullptr,
diff --git a/lib/AST/Type.cpp b/lib/AST/Type.cpp
index cf8cb872cf180..fa5b1ad231fd2 100644
--- a/lib/AST/Type.cpp
+++ b/lib/AST/Type.cpp
@@ -4218,6 +4218,14 @@ CanType ProtocolCompositionType::getMinimalCanonicalType() const {
   return result.subst(existentialSig.Generalization)->getCanonicalType();
 }
 
+bool AnyFunctionType::hasExplicitLifetimeDependencies() const {
+  return hasLifetimeDependencies() &&
+         llvm::any_of(getLifetimeDependencies(),
+                      [](const LifetimeDependenceInfo &dep) {
+                        return dep.isFromAnnotation();
+                      });
+}
+
 ClangTypeInfo AnyFunctionType::getClangTypeInfo() const {
   switch (getKind()) {
   case TypeKind::Function:
diff --git a/lib/AST/TypeCheckRequests.cpp b/lib/AST/TypeCheckRequests.cpp
index 5d402544766e2..a23467f04a720 100644
--- a/lib/AST/TypeCheckRequests.cpp
+++ b/lib/AST/TypeCheckRequests.cpp
@@ -2769,6 +2769,7 @@ void LifetimeDependenceInfoRequest::cacheResult(
     }
     auto *eed = cast<EnumElementDecl>(decl);
     eed->LazySemanticInfo.NoLifetimeDependenceInfo = 1;
+    return;
   }
 
   decl->getASTContext().evaluator.cacheNonEmptyOutput(*this, std::move(result));
diff --git a/lib/ASTGen/Sources/ASTGen/TypeAttrs.swift b/lib/ASTGen/Sources/ASTGen/TypeAttrs.swift
index eedfcd0ffaece..4faf5e2d5b79d 100644
--- a/lib/ASTGen/Sources/ASTGen/TypeAttrs.swift
+++ b/lib/ASTGen/Sources/ASTGen/TypeAttrs.swift
@@ -85,6 +85,9 @@ extension ASTGenVisitor {
       case .Differentiable:
         return (self.generateDifferentiableTypeAttr(attribute: node)?.asTypeAttribute)
           .map(BridgedTypeOrCustomAttr.typeAttr(_:))
+      case .Lifetime:
+        return (self.generateLifetimeTypeAttr(attribute: node)?.asTypeAttribute)
+          .map(BridgedTypeOrCustomAttr.typeAttr(_:))
       case .OpaqueReturnTypeOf:
         return (self.generateOpaqueReturnTypeOfTypeAttr(attribute: node)?.asTypeAttribute)
           .map(BridgedTypeOrCustomAttr.typeAttr(_:))
@@ -247,6 +250,20 @@ extension ASTGenVisitor {
       kindLoc: differentiabilityLoc
     )
   }
+
+  func generateLifetimeTypeAttr(attribute node: AttributeSyntax) -> BridgedLifetimeTypeAttr? {
+    guard let entry = self.generateLifetimeEntry(attribute: node) else {
+      return nil
+    }
+
+    return .createParsed(
+      self.ctx,
+      atLoc: self.generateSourceLoc(node.atSign),
+      nameLoc: self.generateSourceLoc(node.attributeName),
+      parensRange: self.generateAttrParensRange(attribute: node),
+      entry: entry
+    )
+  }
   
   func generateIsolatedTypeAttr(attribute node: AttributeSyntax) -> BridgedIsolatedTypeAttr? {
     let isolationKindLoc = self.generateSourceLoc(node.arguments)
diff --git a/lib/ClangImporter/ImportDecl.cpp b/lib/ClangImporter/ImportDecl.cpp
index 51e0192019901..76bc796b32439 100644
--- a/lib/ClangImporter/ImportDecl.cpp
+++ b/lib/ClangImporter/ImportDecl.cpp
@@ -2102,7 +2102,8 @@ namespace {
       }
       SmallVector<LifetimeDependenceInfo, 1> lifetimeDependencies;
       LifetimeDependenceInfo immortalLifetime(nullptr, nullptr, resultIndex,
-                                              /*isImmortal*/ true);
+                                              /*isImmortal*/ true,
+                                              /*isFromAnnotation*/ true);
       lifetimeDependencies.push_back(immortalLifetime);
       Impl.SwiftContext.evaluator.cacheOutput(
         LifetimeDependenceInfoRequest{fd},
@@ -4216,7 +4217,7 @@ namespace {
         lifetimeDependencies.push_back(LifetimeDependenceInfo(
             nullptr, IndexSubset::get(Impl.SwiftContext, dependenciesOfRet),
             returnIdx,
-            /*isImmortal*/ false));
+            /*isImmortal*/ false, /*isFromAnnotation*/ true));
         Impl.SwiftContext.evaluator.cacheOutput(
             LifetimeDependenceInfoRequest{result},
             Impl.SwiftContext.AllocateCopy(lifetimeDependencies));
@@ -4285,7 +4286,8 @@ namespace {
 
       SmallVector<LifetimeDependenceInfo, 1> lifetimeDependencies;
       LifetimeDependenceInfo immortalLifetime(nullptr, nullptr, 0,
-                                              /*isImmortal*/ true);
+                                              /*isImmortal*/ true,
+                                              /*isFromAnnotation*/ true);
       if (hasUnsafeAPIAttr(decl) && !isEscapable(decl->getReturnType())) {
         lifetimeDependencies.push_back(immortalLifetime);
         Impl.SwiftContext.evaluator.cacheOutput(
@@ -4373,8 +4375,11 @@ namespace {
             cast<clang::CXXMethodDecl>(decl)->getThisType()->getPointeeType());
 
       for (auto& [idx, inheritedDepVec]: inheritedArgDependences) {
-        lifetimeDependencies.push_back(LifetimeDependenceInfo(inheritedDepVec.any() ? IndexSubset::get(Impl.SwiftContext,
-                                   inheritedDepVec): nullptr, nullptr, idx, /*isImmortal=*/false));
+        lifetimeDependencies.push_back(LifetimeDependenceInfo(
+            inheritedDepVec.any()
+                ? IndexSubset::get(Impl.SwiftContext, inheritedDepVec)
+                : nullptr,
+            nullptr, idx, /*isImmortal=*/false, /*isFromAnnotation=*/true));
       }
 
       if (inheritLifetimeParamIndicesForReturn.any() ||
@@ -4389,7 +4394,7 @@ namespace {
                                    scopedLifetimeParamIndicesForReturn)
                 : nullptr,
             returnIdx,
-            /*isImmortal*/ false));
+            /*isImmortal*/ false, /*isFromAnnotation*/ true));
       else if (auto *ctordecl = dyn_cast<clang::CXXConstructorDecl>(decl)) {
         // Assume default constructed view types have no dependencies.
         if (ctordecl->isDefaultConstructor() &&
diff --git a/lib/Parse/ParseDecl.cpp b/lib/Parse/ParseDecl.cpp
index 49a1ef2124166..e5f629231bf9b 100644
--- a/lib/Parse/ParseDecl.cpp
+++ b/lib/Parse/ParseDecl.cpp
@@ -5076,6 +5076,22 @@ ParserStatus Parser::parseTypeAttribute(TypeOrCustomAttr &result,
     return makeParserSuccess();
   }
 
+  case TypeAttrKind::Lifetime: {
+    const auto entryResult = parseLifetimeEntry(AtLoc);
+    if (entryResult.isNull()) {
+      return makeParserError();
+    }
+
+    auto *entry = entryResult.get();
+
+    if (!justChecking) {
+      result = new (Context) LifetimeTypeAttr(
+          AtLoc, attrLoc, SourceRange(entry->getStartLoc(), entry->getEndLoc()),
+          entryResult.get());
+    }
+    return makeParserSuccess();
+  }
+
   case TypeAttrKind::Convention: {
     ConventionTypeAttr *convention = nullptr;
     if (parseConventionAttributeInternal(AtLoc, attrLoc, convention,
diff --git a/lib/SIL/IR/SILFunctionType.cpp b/lib/SIL/IR/SILFunctionType.cpp
index 5f3636dfcf6d3..df3fe77fb0871 100644
--- a/lib/SIL/IR/SILFunctionType.cpp
+++ b/lib/SIL/IR/SILFunctionType.cpp
@@ -2957,8 +2957,10 @@ static CanSILFunctionType getSILFunctionType(
     = [&](const LifetimeDependenceInfo &formalDeps,
           unsigned target) -> LifetimeDependenceInfo {
       if (formalDeps.isImmortal()) {
-        return LifetimeDependenceInfo(nullptr, nullptr,
-                                      target, /*immortal*/ true);
+        return LifetimeDependenceInfo(
+            nullptr, nullptr, target,
+            /*immortal*/ true,
+            /*fromAnnotation*/ formalDeps.isFromAnnotation());
       }
       
       auto lowerIndexSet = [&](IndexSubset *formal) -> IndexSubset * {
@@ -2992,8 +2994,10 @@ static CanSILFunctionType getSILFunctionType(
       // entirely (such as if they were of `()` type), then there is effectively
       // no dependency, leaving behind an immortal value.
       if (!inheritIndicesSet && !scopeIndicesSet) {
-        return LifetimeDependenceInfo(nullptr, nullptr, target,
-                                      /*immortal*/ true);
+        return LifetimeDependenceInfo(
+            nullptr, nullptr, target,
+            /*immortal*/ true,
+            /*fromAnnotation*/ formalDeps.isFromAnnotation());
       }
       
       SmallBitVector addressableDeps = scopeIndicesSet
@@ -3009,12 +3013,11 @@ static CanSILFunctionType getSILFunctionType(
       IndexSubset *condAddressableSet = condAddressableDeps.any()
         ? IndexSubset::get(TC.Context, condAddressableDeps)
         : nullptr;
-      
-      return LifetimeDependenceInfo(inheritIndicesSet,
-                                    scopeIndicesSet,
-                                    target, /*immortal*/ false,
-                                    addressableSet,
-                                    condAddressableSet);
+
+      return LifetimeDependenceInfo(
+          inheritIndicesSet, scopeIndicesSet, target, /*immortal*/ false,
+          /*fromAnnotation*/ formalDeps.isFromAnnotation(), addressableSet,
+          condAddressableSet);
     };
   // Lower parameter dependencies.
   for (unsigned i = 0; i < parameterMap.size(); ++i) {
diff --git a/lib/Sema/TypeCheckType.cpp b/lib/Sema/TypeCheckType.cpp
index b482e57325e66..90e60f02d1fbb 100644
--- a/lib/Sema/TypeCheckType.cpp
+++ b/lib/Sema/TypeCheckType.cpp
@@ -2468,7 +2468,7 @@ namespace {
     CallerIsolatedTypeRepr *nonisolatedNonsendingAttr;
 
     llvm::TinyPtrVector<CustomAttr*> customAttrs;
-    EnumMap<TypeAttrKind, TypeAttribute *> typeAttrs;
+    EnumMap<TypeAttrKind, llvm::TinyPtrVector<TypeAttribute *>> typeAttrs;
 
     llvm::SmallBitVector claimedCustomAttrs;
     FixedBitSet<NumTypeAttrKinds> claimedTypeAttrs;
@@ -2515,33 +2515,35 @@ namespace {
       claimedCustomAttrs.set(it - customAttrs.begin());
     }
 
-    TypeAttribute *getWithoutClaiming(TypeAttrKind attrKind) {
+    ArrayRef<TypeAttribute *> getWithoutClaiming(TypeAttrKind attrKind) {
       auto it = typeAttrs.find(attrKind);
       if (it != typeAttrs.end()) {
         return *it;
       } else {
-        return nullptr;
+        return {};
       }
     }
 
     /// Claim the attribute matching the given representative kind.
     /// It will not be diagnosed as unused.
-    TypeAttribute *claim(TypeAttrKind attrKind) {
+    ArrayRef<TypeAttribute *> claim(TypeAttrKind attrKind) {
       assert(getRepresentative(attrKind) == attrKind);
       auto it = typeAttrs.find(attrKind);
       if (it != typeAttrs.end()) {
         claimedTypeAttrs.insert(it - typeAttrs.begin());
         return *it;
       } else {
-        return nullptr;
+        return {};
       }
     }
 
     /// Claim all attributes for which the given function returns true.
     void claimAllWhere(ContextualTypeAttrResolver resolver) {
       size_t i = 0;
-      for (TypeAttribute *attr : typeAttrs) {
-        if (resolver(attr))
+      for (auto &attrVector : typeAttrs) {
+        // Only claim the attribute if the resolver matches for every instance
+        // of it.
+        if (llvm::all_of(attrVector, resolver))
           claimedTypeAttrs.insert(i);
         i++;
       }
@@ -2551,8 +2553,10 @@ namespace {
     /// but process them in reverse source order.
     void reversedClaimAllWhere(ContextualTypeAttrResolver resolver) {
       for (size_t i = typeAttrs.size(); i > 0; --i) {
-        TypeAttribute *attr = typeAttrs.begin()[i - 1];
-        if (resolver(attr))
+        auto &attrVector = typeAttrs.begin()[i - 1];
+        // Only claim the attribute if the resolver matches for every instance
+        // of it.
+        if (llvm::all_of(attrVector, resolver))
           claimedTypeAttrs.insert(i - 1);
       }
     }
@@ -2584,33 +2588,66 @@ namespace {
     }
   };
 
-  template <class AttrClass>
-  AttrClass *claim(TypeAttrSet &attrs) {
-    auto attr = attrs.claim(AttrClass::StaticKind);
-    return cast_or_null<AttrClass>(attr);
+  template <TypeAttrKind Kind>
+  auto claim(TypeAttrSet &attrs) {
+    auto attrVector = attrs.claim(Kind);
+    if constexpr (!TypeAttribute::allowMultipleAttributes(Kind)) {
+      return attrVector.empty() ? nullptr : attrVector.front();
+    } else {
+      return attrVector;
+    }
   }
 
   template <class AttrClass>
-  AttrClass *claim(TypeAttrSet *attrs) {
-    return (attrs ? claim<AttrClass>(*attrs) : nullptr);
+  auto claim(TypeAttrSet &attrs) {
+    ArrayRef<TypeAttribute *> attrVector = attrs.claim(AttrClass::StaticKind);
+    if constexpr (!TypeAttribute::allowMultipleAttributes(
+                      AttrClass::StaticKind)) {
+      return attrVector.empty() ? nullptr
+                                : cast_or_null<AttrClass>(attrVector.front());
+    } else {
+      // The type attributes in attrVector are all instances of the type
+      // attribute that corresponds to the claimed type attribute kind (i.e.
+      // AttrClass) so casting the data pointer should always be safe. Since we
+      // cannot statically prove this, perform a paranoid check.
+      if (llvm::all_of(attrVector, [](TypeAttribute *attr) {
+            return isa<AttrClass>(attr);
+          })) {
+        return ArrayRef<AttrClass *>(
+            reinterpret_cast<AttrClass *const *>(attrVector.data()),
+            attrVector.size());
+      } else {
+        return ArrayRef<AttrClass *>{};
+      }
+    }
   }
 
   template <class AttrClass>
-  AttrClass *getWithoutClaiming(TypeAttrSet &attrs) {
-    auto attr = attrs.getWithoutClaiming(AttrClass::StaticKind);
-    return cast_or_null<AttrClass>(attr);
+  auto claim(TypeAttrSet *attrs) {
+    return (attrs ? claim<AttrClass>(*attrs)
+                  : decltype(claim<AttrClass>(*attrs)){});
   }
 
   template <class AttrClass>
-  std::enable_if_t<std::is_base_of_v<TypeAttribute, AttrClass>, AttrClass *>
-  getWithoutClaiming(TypeAttrSet *attrs) {
-    return (attrs ? getWithoutClaiming<AttrClass>(*attrs) : nullptr);
+  auto getWithoutClaiming(TypeAttrSet &attrs) {
+    auto attrVector = attrs.getWithoutClaiming(AttrClass::StaticKind);
+    if constexpr (!TypeAttribute::allowMultipleAttributes(
+                      AttrClass::StaticKind)) {
+      return attrVector.empty() ? nullptr
+                                : cast_or_null<AttrClass>(attrVector.front());
+    } else {
+      return attrVector;
+    }
   }
 
   template <class AttrClass>
-  std::enable_if_t<std::is_same_v<AttrClass, CallerIsolatedTypeRepr>,
-                   CallerIsolatedTypeRepr *>
-  getWithoutClaiming(TypeAttrSet *attrs) {
+  auto getWithoutClaiming(TypeAttrSet *attrs) {
+    return (attrs ? getWithoutClaiming<AttrClass>(*attrs)
+                  : decltype(getWithoutClaiming<AttrClass>(*attrs)){});
+  }
+
+  template <>
+  auto getWithoutClaiming<CallerIsolatedTypeRepr>(TypeAttrSet *attrs) {
     return attrs ? attrs->getNonisolatedNonsendingAttr() : nullptr;
   }
 } // end anonymous namespace
@@ -3282,8 +3319,15 @@ void TypeAttrSet::accumulate(ArrayRef<TypeOrCustomAttr> attrs) {
     auto insertResult = typeAttrs.insert(representativeKind, typeAttr);
     if (insertResult.second) continue;
 
+    // If an attribute with the same kind already exists, only add this one if
+    // there can be more than one.
+    if (TypeAttribute::allowMultipleAttributes(representativeKind)) {
+      insertResult.first->push_back(typeAttr);
+      continue;
+    }
+
     // Dignose the conflict.
-    TypeAttribute *previousAttr = *insertResult.first;
+    TypeAttribute *previousAttr = insertResult.first->front();
 
     diagnoseConflict(representativeKind, previousAttr, typeAttr);
   }
@@ -3340,11 +3384,12 @@ void TypeAttrSet::diagnoseUnclaimed(const TypeResolution &resolution,
 
   // Type attributes
   size_t i = 0;
-  for (auto attr : typeAttrs) {
+  for (auto const &attrVector : typeAttrs) {
     if (claimedTypeAttrs.contains(i)) continue;
     i++;
 
-    diagnoseUnclaimed(attr, resolution, options, resolvedType);
+    for (auto attr : attrVector)
+      diagnoseUnclaimed(attr, resolution, options, resolvedType);
   }
 }
 
@@ -3517,7 +3562,7 @@ TypeResolver::resolveAttributedType(TypeRepr *repr, TypeResolutionOptions option
 
   // These are the total type transforms.
   Type ty;
-  if (auto attr = attrs.claim(TAR_TypeTransformer)) {
+  if (auto attr = claim<TAR_TypeTransformer>(attrs)) {
     if (auto opaqueAttr = dyn_cast<OpaqueReturnTypeOfTypeAttr>(attr)) {
       ty = resolveOpaqueReturnType(repr, opaqueAttr->getMangledName(),
                                    opaqueAttr->getIndex(),
@@ -3531,8 +3576,8 @@ TypeResolver::resolveAttributedType(TypeRepr *repr, TypeResolutionOptions option
 
   // The SIL metatype attributes are basically total type transforms, too.
   // TODO: this should really be restricted to lowered types
-  } else if (auto attr = isSILSourceFile()
-                            ? attrs.claim(TAR_SILMetatype) : nullptr) {
+  } else if (auto attr =
+                 isSILSourceFile() ? claim<TAR_SILMetatype>(attrs) : nullptr) {
     ty = resolveSILMetatype(repr, options, attr);
 
   // Okay, propagate attributes down to specific resolvers.
@@ -4527,21 +4572,50 @@ NeverNullType TypeResolver::resolveASTFunctionType(
                      .build();
 
   // SIL uses polymorphic function types to resolve overloaded member functions.
+  AnyFunctionType *aft;
   if (auto genericSig = repr->getGenericSignature()) {
-    return GenericFunctionType::get(genericSig, params, outputTy, extInfo);
+    aft = GenericFunctionType::get(genericSig, params, outputTy, extInfo);
+  } else {
+
+    auto fnTy = FunctionType::get(params, outputTy, extInfo);
+    if (fnTy->hasError())
+      return fnTy;
+
+    if (TypeChecker::diagnoseInvalidFunctionType(fnTy, repr->getLoc(), repr,
+                                                 getDeclContext(),
+                                                 resolution.getStage()))
+      return ErrorType::get(fnTy);
+
+    aft = fnTy;
   }
 
-  auto fnTy = FunctionType::get(params, outputTy, extInfo);
-  
-  if (fnTy->hasError())
-    return fnTy;
+  auto const lifetimeAttributes = claim<LifetimeTypeAttr>(attrs);
 
-  if (TypeChecker::diagnoseInvalidFunctionType(fnTy, repr->getLoc(), repr,
-                                               getDeclContext(),
-                                               resolution.getStage()))
-    return ErrorType::get(fnTy);
+  // Lifetime dependence inference has to map parameter and result types into
+  // the generic environment of the DeclContext, so it must request the generic
+  // signature of the type. In order to prevent cycles in request evaluation, we
+  // defer lifetime dependence checking until the Interface type resolution
+  // stage. Since the analysis depends on the type's generic environment, it can
+  // only run after a type has already been produced.
+  if (!ctx.LangOpts.hasFeature(Feature::Lifetimes) &&
+      !lifetimeAttributes.empty()) {
+    diagnose(lifetimeAttributes[0]->getAttrLoc(),
+             diag::requires_experimental_feature, "@_lifetime", false,
+             Feature::Lifetimes.getName());
+    return ErrorType::get(getASTContext());
+  }
+
+  if (inStage(TypeResolutionStage::Interface)) {
+    if (auto const resolvedLifetimeDependence =
+            LifetimeDependenceInfo::getFromAST(
+                repr, aft, lifetimeAttributes, getDeclContext(),
+                resolution.getGenericSignature().getGenericEnvironment())) {
+      aft = aft->withExtInfo(aft->getExtInfo().withLifetimeDependencies(
+          *resolvedLifetimeDependence));
+    }
+  }
 
-  return fnTy;
+  return aft;
 }
 
 NeverNullType TypeResolver::resolveSILBoxType(SILBoxTypeRepr *repr,
@@ -4617,7 +4691,7 @@ NeverNullType TypeResolver::resolveSILFunctionType(FunctionTypeRepr *repr,
   bool hasError = false;
 
   auto coroutineKind = SILCoroutineKind::None;
-  if (auto coroAttr = attrs ? attrs->claim(TAR_SILCoroutine) : nullptr) {
+  if (auto coroAttr = attrs ? claim<TAR_SILCoroutine>(*attrs) : nullptr) {
     assert(isa<YieldOnceTypeAttr>(coroAttr) ||
            isa<YieldOnce2TypeAttr>(coroAttr) ||
            isa<YieldManyTypeAttr>(coroAttr));
@@ -4637,7 +4711,8 @@ NeverNullType TypeResolver::resolveSILFunctionType(FunctionTypeRepr *repr,
   }
 
   ParameterConvention callee = ParameterConvention::Direct_Unowned;
-  if (auto calleeAttr = attrs ? attrs->claim(TAR_SILCalleeConvention) : nullptr) {
+  if (auto calleeAttr =
+          attrs ? claim<TAR_SILCalleeConvention>(*attrs) : nullptr) {
     assert(isa<CalleeOwnedTypeAttr>(calleeAttr) ||
            isa<CalleeGuaranteedTypeAttr>(calleeAttr));
     callee = (isa<CalleeOwnedTypeAttr>(calleeAttr)
@@ -5054,7 +5129,7 @@ bool TypeResolver::resolveSingleSILResult(
       return false;
     }
 
-    if (auto conventionAttr = attrs.claim(TAR_SILValueConvention)) {
+    if (auto conventionAttr = claim<TAR_SILValueConvention>(attrs)) {
       switch (conventionAttr->getKind()) {
 #define ERROR(ATTR, CONVENTION)                                                \
   case TypeAttrKind::ATTR:                                                     \
diff --git a/lib/Serialization/Deserialization.cpp b/lib/Serialization/Deserialization.cpp
index 197e7738ddc2b..0ad85efa772b8 100644
--- a/lib/Serialization/Deserialization.cpp
+++ b/lib/Serialization/Deserialization.cpp
@@ -9563,12 +9563,13 @@ ModuleFile::maybeReadLifetimeDependence() {
   unsigned targetIndex;
   unsigned paramIndicesLength;
   bool isImmortal;
+  bool isFromAnnotation;
   bool hasInheritLifetimeParamIndices;
   bool hasScopeLifetimeParamIndices;
   bool hasAddressableParamIndices;
   ArrayRef<uint64_t> lifetimeDependenceData;
   LifetimeDependenceLayout::readRecord(
-      scratch, targetIndex, paramIndicesLength, isImmortal,
+      scratch, targetIndex, paramIndicesLength, isImmortal, isFromAnnotation,
       hasInheritLifetimeParamIndices, hasScopeLifetimeParamIndices,
       hasAddressableParamIndices, lifetimeDependenceData);
 
@@ -9604,8 +9605,9 @@ ModuleFile::maybeReadLifetimeDependence() {
       hasScopeLifetimeParamIndices
           ? IndexSubset::get(ctx, scopeLifetimeParamIndices)
           : nullptr,
-      targetIndex, isImmortal,
+      targetIndex, isImmortal, isFromAnnotation,
       hasAddressableParamIndices
           ? IndexSubset::get(ctx, addressableParamIndices)
-          : nullptr);
+          : nullptr,
+      nullptr);
 }
diff --git a/lib/Serialization/ModuleFormat.h b/lib/Serialization/ModuleFormat.h
index 47741ff33fd00..61295b365d77f 100644
--- a/lib/Serialization/ModuleFormat.h
+++ b/lib/Serialization/ModuleFormat.h
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ const uint16_t SWIFTMODULE_VERSION_MAJOR = 0;
 /// describe what change you made. The content of this comment isn't important;
 /// it just ensures a conflict if two people change the module format.
 /// Don't worry about adhering to the 80-column limit for this line.
-const uint16_t SWIFTMODULE_VERSION_MINOR = 983; // @reparented inherited entry in support for Reparenting feature
+const uint16_t SWIFTMODULE_VERSION_MINOR = 984; // @_lifetime attribute isFromAnnotation flag
 
 /// A standard hash seed used for all string hashes in a serialized module.
 ///
@@ -2366,6 +2366,7 @@ namespace decls_block {
                      BCVBR<4>,           // targetIndex
                      BCVBR<4>,           // paramIndicesLength
                      BCFixed<1>,         // isImmortal
+                     BCFixed<1>,         // isFromAnnotation
                      BCFixed<1>,         // hasInheritLifetimeParamIndices
                      BCFixed<1>,         // hasScopeLifetimeParamIndices
                      BCFixed<1>,         // hasAddressableParamIndices
diff --git a/lib/Serialization/Serialization.cpp b/lib/Serialization/Serialization.cpp
index d9fb420ef2cf7..68e2c8c8e2c3e 100644
--- a/lib/Serialization/Serialization.cpp
+++ b/lib/Serialization/Serialization.cpp
@@ -2780,7 +2780,7 @@ void Serializer::writeLifetimeDependencies(
     LifetimeDependenceLayout::emitRecord(
         Out, ScratchRecord, abbrCode, info.getTargetIndex(),
         info.getParamIndicesLength(), info.isImmortal(),
-        info.hasInheritLifetimeParamIndices(),
+        info.isFromAnnotation(), info.hasInheritLifetimeParamIndices(),
         info.hasScopeLifetimeParamIndices(), info.hasAddressableParamIndices(),
         paramIndices);
     paramIndices.clear();
diff --git a/test/ModuleInterface/Inputs/lifetime_underscored_dependence.swift b/test/ModuleInterface/Inputs/lifetime_underscored_dependence.swift
index 9fe204db4b5ec..0f3712714b111 100644
--- a/test/ModuleInterface/Inputs/lifetime_underscored_dependence.swift
+++ b/test/ModuleInterface/Inputs/lifetime_underscored_dependence.swift
@@ -89,3 +89,30 @@ public struct RigidArray : ~Copyable {
   }
 }
 
+// Function types
+
+@inlinable
+@_lifetime(copy ne0)
+public func takeCopier(f: @_lifetime(io: copy io) @_lifetime(copy inview) (_ inview: consuming AnotherView, _ io: inout AnotherView) -> AnotherView, ne0: consuming AnotherView, ne1: inout AnotherView) -> AnotherView {
+    let ne2 = f(ne0, &ne1)
+    return ne2
+}
+
+@inlinable
+public func takeCopierUnannotated(f: (consuming AnotherView) -> AnotherView) {}
+
+public typealias ExplicitNestedType = @_lifetime(copy ne0) @_lifetime(ne1: copy ne0) ((AnotherView) -> AnotherView, _ ne0: consuming AnotherView, _ ne1: inout AnotherView) -> AnotherView
+
+@inlinable
+public func takeExplicitNestedType(f: ExplicitNestedType) {}
+
+
+@inlinable
+public func returnableCopier(_ aView: AnotherView) -> AnotherView {
+  return aView
+}
+
+@inlinable
+public func returnCopier() -> @_lifetime(copy a) (_ a: AnotherView) -> AnotherView {
+  return returnableCopier
+}
diff --git a/test/ModuleInterface/lifetime_underscored_dependence_test.swift b/test/ModuleInterface/lifetime_underscored_dependence_test.swift
index 4e6aeba094aa7..662ba3bb94911 100644
--- a/test/ModuleInterface/lifetime_underscored_dependence_test.swift
+++ b/test/ModuleInterface/lifetime_underscored_dependence_test.swift
@@ -123,3 +123,45 @@ import lifetime_underscored_dependence
 // CHECK:   }
 // CHECK:   #endif
 // CHECK: }
+
+// CHECK: #if compiler(>=5.3) && $ClosureLifetimes
+// CHECK-NEXT: #if compiler(>=5.3) && $Lifetimes
+// CHECK-NEXT: @_lifetime(copy ne0)
+// CHECK-NEXT: @inlinable public func takeCopier(f: @_lifetime(io: copy io) @_lifetime(copy inview) (_ inview: consuming lifetime_underscored_dependence.AnotherView, _ io: inout lifetime_underscored_dependence.AnotherView) -> lifetime_underscored_dependence.AnotherView, ne0: consuming lifetime_underscored_dependence.AnotherView, ne1: inout lifetime_underscored_dependence.AnotherView) -> lifetime_underscored_dependence.AnotherView {
+// CHECK-NEXT:   let ne2 = f(ne0, &ne1)
+// CHECK-NEXT:   return ne2
+// CHECK-NEXT: }
+// CHECK-NEXT: #else
+// CHECK-NEXT: @lifetime(copy ne0)
+// CHECK-NEXT: @inlinable public func takeCopier(f: @_lifetime(io: copy io) @_lifetime(copy inview) (_ inview: consuming lifetime_underscored_dependence.AnotherView, _ io: inout lifetime_underscored_dependence.AnotherView) -> lifetime_underscored_dependence.AnotherView, ne0: consuming lifetime_underscored_dependence.AnotherView, ne1: inout lifetime_underscored_dependence.AnotherView) -> lifetime_underscored_dependence.AnotherView {
+// CHECK-NEXT:   let ne2 = f(ne0, &ne1)
+// CHECK-NEXT:   return ne2
+// CHECK-NEXT: }
+// CHECK-NEXT: #endif
+// CHECK-NEXT: #endif
+
+// CHECK: @inlinable public func takeCopierUnannotated(f: (consuming lifetime_underscored_dependence.AnotherView) -> lifetime_underscored_dependence.AnotherView) {}
+
+// CHECK: #if compiler(>=5.3) && $ClosureLifetimes
+// CHECK-NEXT: public typealias ExplicitNestedType = @_lifetime(copy ne0) @_lifetime(ne1: copy ne0) ((lifetime_underscored_dependence.AnotherView) -> lifetime_underscored_dependence.AnotherView, _ ne0: consuming lifetime_underscored_dependence.AnotherView, _ ne1: inout lifetime_underscored_dependence.AnotherView) -> lifetime_underscored_dependence.AnotherView
+// CHECK-NEXT: #endif
+
+// CHECK: #if compiler(>=5.3) && $ClosureLifetimes
+// CHECK-NEXT: @inlinable public func takeExplicitNestedType(f: @_lifetime(copy ne0) @_lifetime(ne1: copy ne0) ((lifetime_underscored_dependence.AnotherView) -> lifetime_underscored_dependence.AnotherView, _ ne0: consuming lifetime_underscored_dependence.AnotherView, _ ne1: inout lifetime_underscored_dependence.AnotherView) -> lifetime_underscored_dependence.AnotherView) {} 
+// CHECK-NEXT: #endif
+
+// CHECK: #if compiler(>=5.3) && $Lifetimes
+// CHECK-NEXT: @inlinable public func returnableCopier(_ aView: lifetime_underscored_dependence.AnotherView) -> lifetime_underscored_dependence.AnotherView {
+// CHECK-NEXT:   return aView
+// CHECK-NEXT: }
+// CHECK-NEXT: #else
+// CHECK-NEXT: @inlinable public func returnableCopier(_ aView: lifetime_underscored_dependence.AnotherView) -> lifetime_underscored_dependence.AnotherView {
+// CHECK-NEXT:   return aView
+// CHECK-NEXT: }
+// CHECK-NEXT: #endif
+
+// CHECK: #if compiler(>=5.3) && $ClosureLifetimes
+// CHECK-NEXT: @inlinable public func returnCopier() -> @_lifetime(copy a) (_ a: lifetime_underscored_dependence.AnotherView) -> lifetime_underscored_dependence.AnotherView {
+// CHECK-NEXT:  return returnableCopier
+// CHECK-NEXT: }
+// CHECK-NEXT: #endif
diff --git a/test/SIL/explicit_lifetime_dependence_specifiers.swift b/test/SIL/explicit_lifetime_dependence_specifiers.swift
index 2393028abf162..5dd906e119946 100644
--- a/test/SIL/explicit_lifetime_dependence_specifiers.swift
+++ b/test/SIL/explicit_lifetime_dependence_specifiers.swift
@@ -8,6 +8,46 @@
 
 import Builtin
 
+struct NE: ~Escapable {}
+
+// Function type lifetime dependencies are printed as they appeared in Swift.
+// Internal labels are preserved when a function type has explicit lifetime
+// dependence information, since these may be used to refer to the sources and
+// targets of lifetimes.
+
+// CHECK-LABEL: typealias LabelledNE2NE = @_lifetime(copy ne) (_ ne: NE) -> NE
+typealias LabelledNE2NE = @_lifetime(copy ne) (_ ne: NE) -> NE
+// CHECK-LABEL: typealias InferredNE2NE = (NE) -> NE
+typealias InferredNE2NE = (NE) -> NE
+// CHECK-LABEL: typealias InferredLabelledNE2NE = (NE) -> NE
+typealias InferredLabelledNE2NE = (_ ne: NE) -> NE
+
+// CHECK-LABEL: typealias NamedLifetimeType = @_lifetime(copy ne) (_ ne: NE, _ ne2: NE) -> NE
+typealias NamedLifetimeType = @_lifetime(copy ne) (_ ne: NE, _ ne2: NE) -> NE
+// CHECK-LABEL: typealias InferredLifetimeType = (NE, NE) -> NE
+typealias InferredLifetimeType = (_ ne: NE, NE) -> NE
+// CHECK-LABEL: typealias ImmortalLifetimeType = @_lifetime(immortal) (_ ne: NE, _ ne2: NE) -> NE
+typealias ImmortalLifetimeType = @_lifetime(immortal) (_ ne: NE, _ ne2: NE) -> NE
+
+// CHECK-LABEL: typealias NoLifetimeType = (Int) -> Int
+typealias NoLifetimeType = (_ x: Int) -> Int
+
+// CHECK: typealias MixedLifetimeType = @_lifetime(copy ne0) (_ ne0: NE, _ neio: inout NE) -> NE
+typealias MixedLifetimeType = @_lifetime(copy ne0) (_ ne0: NE, _ neio: inout NE) -> NE
+// CHECK: typealias NestedLifetimeType = @_lifetime(neo: copy ne0) (_ nei: inout NE, _ ne0: NE, _ neo: inout NE) -> (NE) -> NE
+typealias NestedLifetimeType = @_lifetime(neo: copy ne0) (_ nei: inout NE, _ ne0: NE, _ neo: inout NE) -> (_ ne1: NE) -> NE
+
+// CHECK-LABEL: typealias NestedType = @_lifetime(copy ne2) @_lifetime(ne3: copy ne2) (@_lifetime(copy ne0) @_lifetime(ne1: copy ne1) (_ ne0: NE, _ ne1: inout NE) -> NE, _ ne2: consuming NE, _ ne3: inout NE) -> NE
+typealias NestedType =
+  @_lifetime(copy ne2) @_lifetime(ne3: copy ne2)
+  (@_lifetime(copy ne0) @_lifetime(ne1: copy ne1) (_ ne0: NE, _ ne1: inout NE) -> NE,
+   _ ne2: consuming NE, _ ne3: inout NE) -> NE
+
+// CHECK-LABEL: func takeNestedType(f: @_lifetime(copy ne2) @_lifetime(ne3: copy ne2) (@_lifetime(copy ne0) @_lifetime(ne1: copy ne1) (_ ne0: NE, _ ne1: inout NE) -> NE, _ ne2: consuming NE, _ ne3: inout NE) -> NE)
+
+// CHECK-LABEL: sil hidden @$s39explicit_lifetime_dependence_specifiers14takeNestedType1fyAA2NEVA2E_AEztXE_AEnAEztXE_tF : $@convention(thin) (@guaranteed @noescape @callee_guaranteed (@guaranteed @noescape @callee_guaranteed (@guaranteed NE, @lifetime(copy 1) @inout NE) -> @lifetime(copy 0) @owned NE, @owned NE, @lifetime(copy 1) @inout NE) -> @lifetime(copy 1) @owned NE) -> () {
+func takeNestedType(f: NestedType) {}
+
 struct BufferView : ~Escapable {
   let ptr: UnsafeRawBufferPointer
 // CHECK-LABEL: sil hidden @$s39explicit_lifetime_dependence_specifiers10BufferViewVyACSWcfC : $@convention(method) (UnsafeRawBufferPointer, @thin BufferView.Type) -> @lifetime(borrow 0)  @owned BufferView {
diff --git a/test/SIL/implicit_lifetime_dependence.swift b/test/SIL/implicit_lifetime_dependence.swift
index 9774c26df922e..1bcec61eef7f5 100644
--- a/test/SIL/implicit_lifetime_dependence.swift
+++ b/test/SIL/implicit_lifetime_dependence.swift
@@ -5,6 +5,16 @@
 
 // REQUIRES: swift_feature_Lifetimes
 
+struct NE: ~Escapable {}
+
+// CHECK-LABEL: typealias ImplicitNestedType = ((NE, inout NE) -> NE, consuming NE, inout NE) -> NE
+typealias ImplicitNestedType = ((NE, inout NE) -> NE, consuming NE, inout NE) -> NE
+
+// CHECK-LABEL: func takeImplicitNestedType(f: ((NE, inout NE) -> NE, consuming NE, inout NE) -> NE)
+
+// CHECK-LABEL: sil hidden @$s28implicit_lifetime_dependence22takeImplicitNestedType1fyAA2NEVA2E_AEztXE_AEnAEztXE_tF : $@convention(thin) (@guaranteed @noescape @callee_guaranteed (@guaranteed @noescape @callee_guaranteed (@guaranteed NE, @lifetime(copy 1) @inout NE) -> @lifetime(copy 0) @owned NE, @owned NE, @lifetime(copy 2) @inout NE) -> @lifetime(copy 1) @owned NE) -> () {
+func takeImplicitNestedType(f: ImplicitNestedType) {}
+
 struct BufferView : ~Escapable {
   let ptr: UnsafeRawBufferPointer
   let c: Int
@@ -228,3 +238,9 @@ public struct OuterNE: ~Escapable {
     self.inner1 = value
   }
 }
+
+// rdar://160894371 (Infer @_lifetime(param: copy param) for inout closure arguments)
+// CHECK-LABEL: sil hidden @$s28implicit_lifetime_dependence20inoutClosureArgument1fyyAA2NEVzXE_tF : $@convention(thin) (@guaranteed @noescape @callee_guaranteed (@lifetime(copy 0) @inout NE) -> ()) -> () {
+// CHECK-LABEL: } // end sil function '$s28implicit_lifetime_dependence20inoutClosureArgument1fyyAA2NEVzXE_tF'
+func inoutClosureArgument(f: (inout NE) -> ()) {
+}
diff --git a/test/SILOptimizer/lifetime_dependence/lifetime_dependence_param_fail.swift b/test/SILOptimizer/lifetime_dependence/lifetime_dependence_param_fail.swift
index dc12135660ae4..ad10c885ac7ee 100644
--- a/test/SILOptimizer/lifetime_dependence/lifetime_dependence_param_fail.swift
+++ b/test/SILOptimizer/lifetime_dependence/lifetime_dependence_param_fail.swift
@@ -103,3 +103,38 @@ func bvcons_capture_escapelet(bv: consuming BV) -> ()->Int { // expected-error *
   let closure = { bv.c }
   return closure
 }
+
+// Higher-Order Function Tests
+
+@_lifetime(other: copy bv)
+func take_assign_inout_copy(bv: BV, other: inout BV, f: @_lifetime(other: copy bv) (_ bv: BV, _ other: inout BV) -> ()) {
+  f(bv, &other) // OK
+}
+
+@_lifetime(other: borrow bv)
+func take_assign_inout_borrow(bv: BV, other: inout BV, f: @_lifetime(other: borrow bv) (_ bv: BV, _ other: inout BV) -> ()) {
+  f(bv, &other) // OK
+}
+
+@_lifetime(bv: copy bv)
+@_lifetime(other: copy bv)
+func take_bvmut_assign_inout(bv: inout BV, other: inout BV,
+                             f: @_lifetime(bv: copy bv) @_lifetime(other: copy bv)
+                               (_ bv: inout BV, _ other: inout BV) -> ()) {
+  f(&bv, &other) // OK
+}
+
+struct NE2: ~Escapable {}
+
+@_lifetime(oNE: copy ne)
+func succeed_transfer_ne(ne: consuming NE2, oNE: inout NE2, f: (NE2) -> NE2) {
+  oNE = f(ne) // OK
+}
+
+func fail_smuggle_ne(oNE: inout NE2, f: (NE2) -> NE2) {
+  // expected-error @-1 {{lifetime-dependent variable 'oNE' escapes its scope}}
+  let ne = NE2()
+  // expected-note @-1 {{it depends on the lifetime of this parent value}}
+  oNE = f(ne)
+  // expected-note @+1 {{this use causes the lifetime-dependent value to escape}}
+}
diff --git a/test/SILOptimizer/lifetime_dependence/verify_diagnostics.swift b/test/SILOptimizer/lifetime_dependence/verify_diagnostics.swift
index bac45aa706381..7405bc231d9e2 100644
--- a/test/SILOptimizer/lifetime_dependence/verify_diagnostics.swift
+++ b/test/SILOptimizer/lifetime_dependence/verify_diagnostics.swift
@@ -237,13 +237,6 @@ func testIndirectNonForwardedResult<T>(arg1: GNE<T>, arg2: GNE<T>) -> GNE<T> {
   forward(arg2) // expected-note {{this use causes the lifetime-dependent value to escape}}
 }
 
-func testIndirectClosureResult<T>(f: () -> GNE<T>) -> GNE<T> {
-  f()
-  // expected-error @-1{{lifetime-dependent variable '$return_value' escapes its scope}}
-  // expected-note  @-3{{it depends on the lifetime of argument '$return_value'}}
-  // expected-note  @-3{{this use causes the lifetime-dependent value to escape}}
-}
-
 // =============================================================================
 // Coroutines
 // =============================================================================
diff --git a/test/Sema/lifetime_attr_nofeature.swift b/test/Sema/lifetime_attr_nofeature.swift
index a86d46ec238b5..68a935e46f227 100644
--- a/test/Sema/lifetime_attr_nofeature.swift
+++ b/test/Sema/lifetime_attr_nofeature.swift
@@ -13,3 +13,8 @@ func f_inout_infer(a: inout MutableRawSpan) {} // DEFAULT OK
 
 func f_inout_no_infer(a: inout MutableRawSpan, b: RawSpan) {} // DEFAULT OK
 
+typealias DeriveType = @_lifetime(copy ne) (_ ne: NE) -> NE // expected-error{{'@_lifetime' attribute is only valid when experimental feature Lifetimes is enabled}}
+
+typealias InoutInferType = (inout MutableRawSpan) -> Void // DEFAULT OK
+
+typealias InoutNoInferType = (inout MutableRawSpan, RawSpan) -> Void // DEFAULT OK
diff --git a/test/Sema/lifetime_dependence_functype.swift b/test/Sema/lifetime_dependence_functype.swift
index ee704ac9292ab..871af3d61b9c7 100644
--- a/test/Sema/lifetime_dependence_functype.swift
+++ b/test/Sema/lifetime_dependence_functype.swift
@@ -24,12 +24,17 @@ func applyAnnotatedTransfer(ne: NE, @_lifetime(0) transfer: (NE) -> NE) -> NE {
 }
 
 @_lifetime(copy ne)
-func applyTransfer(ne: NE, transfer: (NE) ->  NE) -> NE {
+func applyCorrectlyAnnotatedTransfer(ne: NE, transfer: @_lifetime(copy ne) (_ ne: NE) -> NE) -> NE { // OK
+  transfer(ne)
+}
+
+@_lifetime(copy ne)
+func applyTransfer(ne: NE, transfer: (NE) ->  NE) -> NE { // OK, copy 0 inferred
   transfer(ne)
 }
 
 func testTransfer(nc: consuming NC) {
-  let transferred = applyTransfer(ne: nc.ne, transfer: transfer) // expected-error{{does not conform to expected type 'Escapable'}} e/xpected-error{{cannot convert value of type '(NE) -> @_lifetime(copy 0) NE' to expected argument type '(NE) -> NE'}}
+  let transferred = applyTransfer(ne: nc.ne, transfer: transfer) // OK
 
   _ = consume nc
   _ = transfer(transferred)
@@ -45,8 +50,185 @@ func applyBorrow(nc: borrowing NC, borrow: (borrowing NC) -> NE) -> NE {
 }
 
 func testBorrow(nc: consuming NC) {
-  let borrowed = applyBorrow(nc: nc, borrow: borrow) // expected-error{{does not conform to expected type 'Escapable'}} ex/pected-error{{cannot convert value of type '(borrowing NC) -> @_lifetime(borrow 0) NE' to expected argument type '(borrowing NC) -> NE}}
+  let borrowed = applyBorrow(nc: nc, borrow: borrow) // OK
   _ = consume nc
   _ = transfer(borrowed)
 }
 
+// Tests adapted from lifetime_attr.swift for function types.
+class Klass {}
+typealias InvalidAttrOnNonExistingParamType = @_lifetime(copy nonexisting) (_ ne: NE) -> NE // expected-error{{invalid parameter name specified 'nonexisting'}}
+
+typealias InvalidAttrOnNonExistingSelfType = @_lifetime(copy self) (_ ne: NE) -> NE // expected-error{{invalid lifetime dependence specifier on non-existent self}}
+
+typealias InvalidAttrOnNonExistingParamIndexType = @_lifetime(2) (_ ne: NE) -> NE // expected-error{{invalid parameter index specified '2'}}
+
+typealias InvalidDuplicateLifetimeDependenceType = @_lifetime(copy ne, borrow ne) (_ ne: borrowing NE) -> NE // expected-error{{duplicate lifetime dependence specifier}}
+
+typealias InvalidDependenceConsumeKlassType = @_lifetime(borrow x) (_ x: consuming Klass) -> NE // expected-error{{invalid use of borrow dependence with consuming ownership}}
+
+typealias InvalidDependenceBorrowKlassType = @_lifetime(&x) (_ x: borrowing Klass) -> NE // expected-error{{invalid use of & dependence with borrowing ownership}}
+                                                                                         // expected-note @-1{{use '@_lifetime(borrow x)' instead}}
+
+typealias InvalidDependenceInoutKlassType = @_lifetime(borrow x) (_ x: inout Klass) -> NE // expected-error{{invalid use of borrow dependence with inout ownership}}
+                                                                                          // expected-note @-1{{use '@_lifetime(&x)' instead}}
+
+typealias InvalidDependenceConsumeIntType = @_lifetime(borrow x) (_ x: consuming Int) -> NE // OK
+
+typealias InvalidDependenceBorrowIntType = @_lifetime(&x) (_ x: borrowing Int) -> NE // expected-error{{invalid use of & dependence with borrowing ownership}}
+                                                                                     // expected-note @-1{{use '@_lifetime(borrow x)' instead}}
+
+typealias InvalidDependenceInoutIntType = @_lifetime(borrow x) (_ x: inout Int) -> NE // expected-error{{invalid use of borrow dependence with inout ownership}}
+                                                                                      // expected-note @-1{{use '@_lifetime(&x)' instead}}
+
+typealias InvalidTargetType =
+  @_lifetime(result: copy source1)
+  @_lifetime(result: copy source2) // expected-error{{invalid duplicate target lifetime dependencies on function}}                                 
+  (_ result: inout NE, _ source1: consuming NE, _ source2: consuming NE) -> ()
+
+typealias InvalidSourceType =
+  @_lifetime(result: copy source)
+  @_lifetime(result: borrow source) // expected-error{{invalid duplicate target lifetime dependencies on function}}
+  (_ result: inout NE, _ source: consuming NE) -> ()
+
+typealias ImmortalConflictType = @_lifetime(immortal) (_ immortal: Int) -> NE // expected-error{{conflict between the parameter name and 'immortal' contextual keyword}}
+
+typealias TestParameterDepType = @_lifetime(span: borrow holder) (_ holder: AnyObject, _ span: Span<Int>) -> () // expected-error{{lifetime-dependent parameter 'span' must be 'inout'}}
+
+typealias InoutLifetimeDependenceType = @_lifetime(&ne) (_ ne: inout NE) -> NE
+
+typealias DependOnEscapableType1 = @_lifetime(copy k) (_ k: inout Klass) -> NE // expected-error{{cannot copy the lifetime of an Escapable type}}
+                                                                               // expected-note@-1{{use '@_lifetime(&k)' instead}}
+
+typealias DependOnEscapableType2 = @_lifetime(copy k) (_ k: borrowing Klass) -> NE // expected-error{{cannot copy the lifetime of an Escapable type}}
+                                                                                   // expected-note@-1{{use '@_lifetime(borrow k)' instead}}
+
+typealias DependOnEscapableType3 = @_lifetime(copy k) (_ k: consuming Klass) -> NE // expected-error{{cannot copy the lifetime of an Escapable type}}
+                                                                                   // expected-note@-1{{use '@_lifetime(borrow k)' instead}}
+
+typealias GetIntType1 = @_lifetime(inValue) (_ inValue: Int) -> Int // expected-error{{invalid lifetime dependence on an Escapable result}}
+
+typealias GetIntType2 = @_lifetime(outValue: borrow inValue) (_ outValue: inout Int, _ inValue: Int) -> () // expected-error{{invalid lifetime dependence on an Escapable target}}
+
+typealias GetGenericEscapableType<T> = @_lifetime(inValue) (_ inValue: T) -> T // expected-error{{invalid lifetime dependence on an Escapable result}}
+
+typealias GetGenericEscapableType2<T> =
+  @_lifetime(outValue: borrow inValue) // expected-error{{invalid lifetime dependence on an Escapable target}}
+  (_ outValue: inout T, _ inValue: T) -> ()
+
+typealias GetGenericNonEscapableType2<T: ~Escapable> =
+  @_lifetime(borrow inValue) (_ inValue: borrowing T) -> T // OK
+
+typealias GetGenericCorrectType<T: ~Escapable> =
+  @_lifetime(outValue: borrow inValue) (_ outValue: inout T, _ inValue: borrowing T) -> () // OK
+
+@_lifetime(outValue: copy inValue) // OK
+func getGeneric<T : ~Escapable>(_ outValue: inout T, _ inValue: borrowing T) { // expected-note{{in call to function 'getGeneric'}}
+  outValue = inValue
+}
+
+@_lifetime(outValue: borrow inValue) // OK
+func getGeneric2<T : ~Escapable>(_ outValue: inout T, _ /* borrowing inferred */ inValue: T)  {
+  outValue = inValue
+}
+
+@_lifetime(outValueI: immortal) // OK
+func getImmortalNE(_ outValueI: inout NE, _ inValueI: borrowing NE) {
+  outValueI = NE()
+}
+
+@_lifetime(o: borrow i) // OK
+func takeGetGenericAndArgs<T: ~Escapable>(f: @_lifetime(outValue: borrow inValue)
+                                            (_ outValue: inout T, _ inValue: borrowing T) -> (), o: inout T, i: T) {
+  f(&o, i)
+}
+
+do {
+  let x = NE()
+  var y = NE()
+  takeGetGenericAndArgs(f: getGeneric, o: &y, i: x)
+  // expected-error@-1{{cannot convert value of type '(inout T, borrowing T) -> ()' to expected argument type '@_lifetime(outValue: borrow inValue) (_ outValue: inout NE, _ inValue: borrowing NE) -> ()'}}
+  // expected-error@-2{{generic parameter 'T' could not be inferred}}
+}
+do {
+  let x = NE()
+  var y = NE()
+  takeGetGenericAndArgs(f: getGeneric2, o: &y, i: x) // OK
+}
+do {
+  let x = NE()
+  var y = NE()
+  takeGetGenericAndArgs(f: getImmortalNE, o: &y, i: x)
+  //  expected-error@-1{{cannot convert value of type '@_lifetime(0: immortal) (inout NE, borrowing NE) -> ()' to expected argument type '@_lifetime(outValue: borrow inValue) (_ outValue: inout NE, _ inValue: borrowing NE) -> ()'}}
+}
+do {
+  let _ = transfer // OK
+  let _: (NE) -> NE = transfer // OK
+  let _: @_lifetime(copy ne) (_ ne: NE) -> NE = transfer // OK
+}
+
+// rdar://166912068 (Incorrect error when passing a local function with a non-escapable parameter)
+struct NEWithSpan: ~Escapable {
+  var span: RawSpan
+
+  @_lifetime(copy span)
+  init(span: RawSpan) {
+    self.span = span
+  }
+}
+func takeBody(body: (inout NEWithSpan) -> Void) {}
+func checkNestedFunctions() {
+  func doIt(ne: inout NEWithSpan) {}
+  takeBody(body: doIt)
+}
+
+// Bail-out cases where lifetime dependence checking cannot run.
+struct CNE<T: ~Escapable>: ~Escapable {
+    let ne: T
+    @_lifetime(copy ne)
+    init(ne: T) {
+        self.ne = ne
+    }
+}
+
+@_lifetime(borrow cne)
+func copyCNE(cne: CNE<NE>) -> CNE<NE> {
+    return cne
+}
+
+public let UnboundGenericParamFunctionType : (CNE) -> CNE<NE> = copyCNE                                         // expected-error{{lifetime dependence checking failed due to unknown parameter type}}
+                                                                                                                // expected-error@-1{{value of type 'CNE<NE>' does not conform to specified type 'Escapable'}}
+public let UnboundGenericParamFunctionTypeAnnotated : @_lifetime(borrow cne) (_ cne: CNE) -> CNE<NE> = copyCNE  // expected-error{{lifetime dependence checking failed due to unknown parameter type}}
+                                                                                                                // expected-error@-1{{value of type 'CNE<NE>' does not conform to specified type 'Escapable'}}
+public let UnboundGenericResultFunctionType : (CNE<NE>) -> CNE = copyCNE                                        // expected-error{{lifetime dependence checking failed due to unknown result type}}
+                                                                                                                // expected-error@-1{{value of type 'CNE<NE>' does not conform to specified type 'Escapable'}}
+public let UnboundGenericResultFunctionTypeAnnotated : @_lifetime(borrow cne) (_ cne: CNE<NE>) -> CNE = copyCNE // expected-error{{lifetime dependence checking failed due to unknown result type}}
+                                                                                                                // expected-error@-1{{value of type 'CNE<NE>' does not conform to specified type 'Escapable'}}
+
+public let TypeParameterParamFunctionType = copyCNE as (_) -> CNE<NE>                                         // expected-error{{lifetime dependence checking failed due to unknown parameter type}}
+                                                                                                              // expected-error@-1{{failed to produce diagnostic for expression}}
+public let TypeParameterParamFunctionTypeAnnotated = copyCNE as @_lifetime(borrow cne) (_ cne: _) -> CNE<NE>  // expected-error{{lifetime dependence checking failed due to unknown parameter type}}
+                                                                                                              // expected-error@-1{{failed to produce diagnostic for expression}}
+public let TypeParameterResultFunctionType = copyCNE as (CNE<NE>) -> _                                        // expected-error{{lifetime dependence checking failed due to unknown result type}}
+                                                                                                              // expected-error@-1{{failed to produce diagnostic for expression}}
+public let TypeParameterResultFunctionTypeAnnotated = copyCNE as @_lifetime(borrow cne) (_ cne: CNE<NE>) -> _ // expected-error{{lifetime dependence checking failed due to unknown result type}}
+                                                                                                              // expected-error@-1{{failed to produce diagnostic for expression}}
+
+// Closure Context Dependence Tests
+
+// This case should pass after we add support for dependencies on the closure context.
+// 
+// We had to move it out of
+// SILOptimizer/lifetime_dependence/verify_diagnostics.swift because it causes
+// an error during type checking with the current version of function type
+// lifetime checking, preventing the SIL diagnostic checks that file tests from
+// running.
+//
+// TODO: Add more diagnostic tests when implementing closure context
+// dependencies, including SILOptimizer diagnostic tests such as the one this
+// originated as.
+func testIndirectClosureResult<T>(f: () -> CNE<T>) -> CNE<T> {
+  // expected-error @-1{{a function with a ~Escapable result needs a parameter to depend on}}
+  // expected-note  @-2{{'@_lifetime(immortal)' can be used to indicate that values produced by this initializer have no lifetime dependencies}}
+  f()
+}