diff --git a/components/mjs/a11y/explorer/en.js b/components/mjs/a11y/explorer/en.js
deleted file mode 100644
index 80967cfb3..000000000
--- a/components/mjs/a11y/explorer/en.js
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-import { Locale } from '#js/util/Locale.js';
-import { COMPONENT } from '#js/a11y/explorer/__locales__/Component.js';
-import data from '#ts/a11y/explorer/__locales__/en.json' with {type: 'json'};
-
-Locale.registerMessages(COMPONENT, 'en', data);
diff --git a/components/mjs/a11y/explorer/explorer.js b/components/mjs/a11y/explorer/explorer.js
index 5f8c7463f..4c3a9c89e 100644
--- a/components/mjs/a11y/explorer/explorer.js
+++ b/components/mjs/a11y/explorer/explorer.js
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 import './lib/explorer.js';
-import './en.js';
 
 import {ExplorerHandler} from '#js/a11y/explorer.js';
 import {hasWindow} from '#js/util/context.js';
diff --git a/components/mjs/a11y/semantic-enrich/en.js b/components/mjs/a11y/semantic-enrich/en.js
deleted file mode 100644
index b6f8eb150..000000000
--- a/components/mjs/a11y/semantic-enrich/en.js
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-import { Locale } from '#js/util/Locale.js';
-import { COMPONENT } from '#js/a11y/semantic-enrich/__locales__/Component.js';
-import data from '#ts/a11y/semantic-enrich/__locales__/en.json' with {type: 'json'};
-
-Locale.registerMessages(COMPONENT, 'en', data);
diff --git a/components/mjs/a11y/semantic-enrich/semantic-enrich.js b/components/mjs/a11y/semantic-enrich/semantic-enrich.js
index 3a5dabaca..9b15f1837 100644
--- a/components/mjs/a11y/semantic-enrich/semantic-enrich.js
+++ b/components/mjs/a11y/semantic-enrich/semantic-enrich.js
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 import './lib/semantic-enrich.js';
-import './en.js';
 
 import {combineDefaults} from '#js/components/global.js';
 import {EnrichHandler} from '#js/a11y/semantic-enrich.js';
diff --git a/components/mjs/a11y/speech/en.js b/components/mjs/a11y/speech/en.js
deleted file mode 100644
index c90b82e93..000000000
--- a/components/mjs/a11y/speech/en.js
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-import { Locale } from '#js/util/Locale.js';
-import { COMPONENT } from '#js/a11y/speech/__locales__/Component.js';
-import data from '#ts/a11y/speech/__locales__/en.json' with {type: 'json'};
-
-Locale.registerMessages(COMPONENT, 'en', data);
diff --git a/components/mjs/a11y/speech/speech.js b/components/mjs/a11y/speech/speech.js
index aea74a3ec..4f6aae494 100644
--- a/components/mjs/a11y/speech/speech.js
+++ b/components/mjs/a11y/speech/speech.js
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 import './lib/speech.js';
-import './en.js';
 
 import {combineDefaults} from '#js/components/global.js';
 import {Package} from '#js/components/package.js';
diff --git a/components/mjs/adaptors/linkedom/en.js b/components/mjs/adaptors/linkedom/en.js
deleted file mode 100644
index aba6031c5..000000000
--- a/components/mjs/adaptors/linkedom/en.js
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-import { Locale } from '#js/util/Locale.js';
-import { COMPONENT } from '#js/adaptors/linkedom/__locales__/Component.js';
-import data from '#ts/adaptors/linkedom/__locales__/en.json' with {type: 'json'};
-
-Locale.registerMessages(COMPONENT, 'en', data);
diff --git a/components/mjs/adaptors/linkedom/linkedom.js b/components/mjs/adaptors/linkedom/linkedom.js
index c39494d85..8f4961c0c 100644
--- a/components/mjs/adaptors/linkedom/linkedom.js
+++ b/components/mjs/adaptors/linkedom/linkedom.js
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 import './lib/linkedom.js';
-import './en.js';
 
 import {linkedomAdaptor} from '#js/adaptors/linkedomAdaptor.js';
 
diff --git a/components/mjs/core/core.js b/components/mjs/core/core.js
index 7e39c9f68..d583d9355 100644
--- a/components/mjs/core/core.js
+++ b/components/mjs/core/core.js
@@ -5,8 +5,6 @@ import {HTMLHandler} from '#js/handlers/html/HTMLHandler.js';
 import {browserAdaptor} from '#js/adaptors/browserAdaptor.js';
 import {Package} from '#js/components/package.js';
 
-import './en.js';
-
 if (MathJax.startup) {
   MathJax.startup.registerConstructor('HTMLHandler', HTMLHandler);
   MathJax.startup.registerConstructor('browserAdaptor', browserAdaptor);
diff --git a/components/mjs/core/en.js b/components/mjs/core/en.js
deleted file mode 100644
index ed327a98e..000000000
--- a/components/mjs/core/en.js
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-import { Locale } from '#js/util/Locale.js';
-import { COMPONENT } from '#js/core/__locales__/Component.js';
-import data from '#ts/core/__locales__/en.json' with {type: 'json'};
-
-Locale.registerMessages(COMPONENT, 'en', data);
diff --git a/components/mjs/input/mml/en.js b/components/mjs/input/mml/en.js
deleted file mode 100644
index 879a97177..000000000
--- a/components/mjs/input/mml/en.js
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-import { Locale } from '#js/util/Locale.js';
-import { COMPONENT } from '#js/input/mathml/__locales__/Component.js';
-import data from '#ts/input/mathml/__locales__/en.json' with {type: 'json'};
-
-Locale.registerMessages(COMPONENT, 'en', data);
diff --git a/components/mjs/input/mml/init.js b/components/mjs/input/mml/init.js
index 1ed295e41..aa2291678 100644
--- a/components/mjs/input/mml/init.js
+++ b/components/mjs/input/mml/init.js
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 import './lib/mml.js';
-import './en.js';
 
 import {MathML} from '#js/input/mathml.js';
 export {MathML};
diff --git a/components/mjs/input/tex/en.js b/components/mjs/input/tex/en.js
deleted file mode 100644
index e5d0390b9..000000000
--- a/components/mjs/input/tex/en.js
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-import { Locale } from '#js/util/Locale.js';
-import { COMPONENT } from '#js/input/tex/__locales__/Component.js';
-import { COMPONENT as BASE } from '#js/input/tex/base/__locales__/Component.js';
-import data from '#ts/input/tex/__locales__/en.json' with {type: 'json'};
-import basedata from '#ts/input/tex/base/__locales__/en.json' with {type: 'json'};
-
-Locale.registerMessages(COMPONENT, 'en', data);
-Locale.registerMessages(BASE, 'en', basedata);
diff --git a/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/ams/ams.js b/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/ams/ams.js
index 758b79ab1..d5ea9f287 100644
--- a/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/ams/ams.js
+++ b/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/ams/ams.js
@@ -1,2 +1 @@
 import './lib/ams.js';
-import './en.js';
diff --git a/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/ams/en.js b/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/ams/en.js
deleted file mode 100644
index ea84a3719..000000000
--- a/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/ams/en.js
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-import { Locale } from '#js/util/Locale.js';
-import { COMPONENT } from '#js/input/tex/ams/__locales__/Component.js';
-import data from '#ts/input/tex/ams/__locales__/en.json' with {type: 'json'};
-
-Locale.registerMessages(COMPONENT, 'en', data);
diff --git a/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/bbox/bbox.js b/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/bbox/bbox.js
index 66f9a0896..16c7d93b5 100644
--- a/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/bbox/bbox.js
+++ b/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/bbox/bbox.js
@@ -1,2 +1 @@
 import './lib/bbox.js';
-import './en.js';
diff --git a/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/bbox/en.js b/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/bbox/en.js
deleted file mode 100644
index 490f64ff3..000000000
--- a/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/bbox/en.js
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-import { Locale } from '#js/util/Locale.js';
-import { COMPONENT } from '#js/input/tex/bbox/__locales__/Component.js';
-import data from '#ts/input/tex/bbox/__locales__/en.json' with {type: 'json'};
-
-Locale.registerMessages(COMPONENT, 'en', data);
diff --git a/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/begingroup/begingroup.js b/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/begingroup/begingroup.js
index d1a8a5ff3..698d543f6 100644
--- a/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/begingroup/begingroup.js
+++ b/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/begingroup/begingroup.js
@@ -1,2 +1 @@
 import './lib/begingroup.js';
-import './en.js';
diff --git a/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/begingroup/en.js b/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/begingroup/en.js
deleted file mode 100644
index 8fe5c7caf..000000000
--- a/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/begingroup/en.js
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-import { Locale } from '#js/util/Locale.js';
-import { COMPONENT } from '#js/input/tex/begingroup/__locales__/Component.js';
-import data from '#ts/input/tex/begingroup/__locales__/en.json' with {type: 'json'};
-
-Locale.registerMessages(COMPONENT, 'en', data);
diff --git a/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/bussproofs/bussproofs.js b/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/bussproofs/bussproofs.js
index 72fe949c5..07bcb3652 100644
--- a/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/bussproofs/bussproofs.js
+++ b/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/bussproofs/bussproofs.js
@@ -1,2 +1 @@
 import './lib/bussproofs.js';
-import './en.js';
diff --git a/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/bussproofs/en.js b/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/bussproofs/en.js
deleted file mode 100644
index 06fc4a971..000000000
--- a/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/bussproofs/en.js
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-import { Locale } from '#js/util/Locale.js';
-import { COMPONENT } from '#js/input/tex/bussproofs/__locales__/Component.js';
-import data from '#ts/input/tex/bussproofs/__locales__/en.json' with {type: 'json'};
-
-Locale.registerMessages(COMPONENT, 'en', data);
diff --git a/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/cases/cases.js b/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/cases/cases.js
index 01d218705..9102348a7 100644
--- a/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/cases/cases.js
+++ b/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/cases/cases.js
@@ -1,2 +1 @@
 import './lib/cases.js';
-import './en.js';
diff --git a/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/cases/en.js b/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/cases/en.js
deleted file mode 100644
index aa24bf4ae..000000000
--- a/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/cases/en.js
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-import { Locale } from '#js/util/Locale.js';
-import { COMPONENT } from '#js/input/tex/cases/__locales__/Component.js';
-import data from '#ts/input/tex/cases/__locales__/en.json' with {type: 'json'};
-
-Locale.registerMessages(COMPONENT, 'en', data);
diff --git a/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/color/color.js b/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/color/color.js
index 033e0f119..4a4214c62 100644
--- a/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/color/color.js
+++ b/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/color/color.js
@@ -1,2 +1 @@
 import './lib/color.js';
-import './en.js';
diff --git a/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/color/en.js b/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/color/en.js
deleted file mode 100644
index 91dc61312..000000000
--- a/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/color/en.js
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-import { Locale } from '#js/util/Locale.js';
-import { COMPONENT } from '#js/input/tex/color/__locales__/Component.js';
-import data from '#ts/input/tex/color/__locales__/en.json' with {type: 'json'};
-
-Locale.registerMessages(COMPONENT, 'en', data);
diff --git a/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/colortbl/colortbl.js b/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/colortbl/colortbl.js
index 4cd8d16fb..fbdf6e67f 100644
--- a/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/colortbl/colortbl.js
+++ b/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/colortbl/colortbl.js
@@ -1,2 +1 @@
 import './lib/colortbl.js';
-import './en.js';
diff --git a/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/colortbl/en.js b/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/colortbl/en.js
deleted file mode 100644
index 2547e29b7..000000000
--- a/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/colortbl/en.js
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-import { Locale } from '#js/util/Locale.js';
-import { COMPONENT } from '#js/input/tex/colortbl/__locales__/Component.js';
-import data from '#ts/input/tex/colortbl/__locales__/en.json' with {type: 'json'};
-
-Locale.registerMessages(COMPONENT, 'en', data);
diff --git a/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/empheq/empheq.js b/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/empheq/empheq.js
index c5edee018..35d50ed09 100644
--- a/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/empheq/empheq.js
+++ b/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/empheq/empheq.js
@@ -1,2 +1 @@
 import './lib/empheq.js';
-import './en.js';
diff --git a/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/empheq/en.js b/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/empheq/en.js
deleted file mode 100644
index 970d89f56..000000000
--- a/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/empheq/en.js
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-import { Locale } from '#js/util/Locale.js';
-import { COMPONENT } from '#js/input/tex/empheq/__locales__/Component.js';
-import data from '#ts/input/tex/empheq/__locales__/en.json' with {type: 'json'};
-
-Locale.registerMessages(COMPONENT, 'en', data);
diff --git a/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/extpfeil/en.js b/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/extpfeil/en.js
deleted file mode 100644
index 4fb461ecc..000000000
--- a/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/extpfeil/en.js
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-import { Locale } from '#js/util/Locale.js';
-import { COMPONENT } from '#js/input/tex/extpfeil/__locales__/Component.js';
-import data from '#ts/input/tex/extpfeil/__locales__/en.json' with {type: 'json'};
-
-Locale.registerMessages(COMPONENT, 'en', data);
diff --git a/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/extpfeil/extpfeil.js b/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/extpfeil/extpfeil.js
index 182ea1b80..ad54bb1c9 100644
--- a/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/extpfeil/extpfeil.js
+++ b/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/extpfeil/extpfeil.js
@@ -1,2 +1 @@
 import './lib/extpfeil.js';
-import './en.js';
diff --git a/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/html/en.js b/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/html/en.js
deleted file mode 100644
index a771df845..000000000
--- a/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/html/en.js
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-import { Locale } from '#js/util/Locale.js';
-import { COMPONENT } from '#js/input/tex/html/__locales__/Component.js';
-import data from '#ts/input/tex/html/__locales__/en.json' with {type: 'json'};
-
-Locale.registerMessages(COMPONENT, 'en', data);
diff --git a/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/html/html.js b/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/html/html.js
index 2503332d9..9c3a20950 100644
--- a/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/html/html.js
+++ b/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/html/html.js
@@ -1,2 +1 @@
 import './lib/html.js';
-import './en.js';
diff --git a/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/mathtools/en.js b/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/mathtools/en.js
deleted file mode 100644
index 0425d90d8..000000000
--- a/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/mathtools/en.js
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-import { Locale } from '#js/util/Locale.js';
-import { COMPONENT } from '#js/input/tex/mathtools/__locales__/Component.js';
-import data from '#ts/input/tex/mathtools/__locales__/en.json' with {type: 'json'};
-
-Locale.registerMessages(COMPONENT, 'en', data);
diff --git a/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/mathtools/mathtools.js b/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/mathtools/mathtools.js
index c3ed5c4c0..ec95d66b6 100644
--- a/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/mathtools/mathtools.js
+++ b/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/mathtools/mathtools.js
@@ -1,2 +1 @@
 import './lib/mathtools.js';
-import './en.js';
diff --git a/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/mhchem/en.js b/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/mhchem/en.js
deleted file mode 100644
index 25dae1fd6..000000000
--- a/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/mhchem/en.js
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-import { Locale } from '#js/util/Locale.js';
-import { COMPONENT } from '#js/input/tex/mhchem/__locales__/Component.js';
-import data from '#ts/input/tex/mhchem/__locales__/en.json' with {type: 'json'};
-
-Locale.registerMessages(COMPONENT, 'en', data);
diff --git a/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/mhchem/mhchem.js b/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/mhchem/mhchem.js
index 815a7b99e..a5d5490e5 100644
--- a/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/mhchem/mhchem.js
+++ b/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/mhchem/mhchem.js
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 import './lib/mhchem.js';
-import './en.js';
 import {fontExtension} from '../../extension.js';
 
 fontExtension('[tex]/mhchem', 'mathjax-mhchem-font-extension');
diff --git a/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/newcommand/en.js b/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/newcommand/en.js
deleted file mode 100644
index 2170df7c4..000000000
--- a/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/newcommand/en.js
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-import { Locale } from '#js/util/Locale.js';
-import { COMPONENT } from '#js/input/tex/newcommand/__locales__/Component.js';
-import data from '#ts/input/tex/newcommand/__locales__/en.json' with {type: 'json'};
-
-Locale.registerMessages(COMPONENT, 'en', data);
diff --git a/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/newcommand/newcommand.js b/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/newcommand/newcommand.js
index d7084b01d..86efc9856 100644
--- a/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/newcommand/newcommand.js
+++ b/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/newcommand/newcommand.js
@@ -1,2 +1 @@
 import './lib/newcommand.js';
-import './en.js';
diff --git a/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/physics/en.js b/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/physics/en.js
deleted file mode 100644
index 214dad467..000000000
--- a/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/physics/en.js
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-import { Locale } from '#js/util/Locale.js';
-import { COMPONENT } from '#js/input/tex/physics/__locales__/Component.js';
-import data from '#ts/input/tex/physics/__locales__/en.json' with {type: 'json'};
-
-Locale.registerMessages(COMPONENT, 'en', data);
diff --git a/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/physics/physics.js b/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/physics/physics.js
index c3e8fe543..a592a483d 100644
--- a/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/physics/physics.js
+++ b/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/physics/physics.js
@@ -1,2 +1 @@
 import './lib/physics.js';
-import './en.js';
diff --git a/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/require/en.js b/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/require/en.js
deleted file mode 100644
index b75692d89..000000000
--- a/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/require/en.js
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-import { Locale } from '#js/util/Locale.js';
-import { COMPONENT } from '#js/input/tex/require/__locales__/Component.js';
-import data from '#ts/input/tex/require/__locales__/en.json' with {type: 'json'};
-
-Locale.registerMessages(COMPONENT, 'en', data);
diff --git a/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/require/require.js b/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/require/require.js
index 9f1ac312b..2031b81ba 100644
--- a/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/require/require.js
+++ b/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/require/require.js
@@ -1,2 +1 @@
 import './lib/require.js';
-import './en.js';
diff --git a/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/setoptions/en.js b/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/setoptions/en.js
deleted file mode 100644
index c167cd3e9..000000000
--- a/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/setoptions/en.js
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-import { Locale } from '#js/util/Locale.js';
-import { COMPONENT } from '#js/input/tex/setoptions/__locales__/Component.js';
-import data from '#ts/input/tex/setoptions/__locales__/en.json' with {type: 'json'};
-
-Locale.registerMessages(COMPONENT, 'en', data);
diff --git a/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/setoptions/setoptions.js b/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/setoptions/setoptions.js
index 5c7726f40..299921694 100644
--- a/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/setoptions/setoptions.js
+++ b/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/setoptions/setoptions.js
@@ -1,2 +1 @@
 import './lib/setoptions.js';
-import './en.js';
diff --git a/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/textmacros/en.js b/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/textmacros/en.js
deleted file mode 100644
index d142b36c3..000000000
--- a/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/textmacros/en.js
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-import { Locale } from '#js/util/Locale.js';
-import { COMPONENT } from '#js/input/tex/textmacros/__locales__/Component.js';
-import data from '#ts/input/tex/textmacros/__locales__/en.json' with {type: 'json'};
-
-Locale.registerMessages(COMPONENT, 'en', data);
diff --git a/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/textmacros/textmacros.js b/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/textmacros/textmacros.js
index 5b9c54800..ea05a2a68 100644
--- a/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/textmacros/textmacros.js
+++ b/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/textmacros/textmacros.js
@@ -1,2 +1 @@
 import './lib/textmacros.js';
-import './en.js';
diff --git a/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/unicode/en.js b/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/unicode/en.js
deleted file mode 100644
index 45970499d..000000000
--- a/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/unicode/en.js
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-import { Locale } from '#js/util/Locale.js';
-import { COMPONENT } from '#js/input/tex/unicode/__locales__/Component.js';
-import data from '#ts/input/tex/unicode/__locales__/en.json' with {type: 'json'};
-
-Locale.registerMessages(COMPONENT, 'en', data);
diff --git a/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/unicode/unicode.js b/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/unicode/unicode.js
index 99ff14d1a..63b911046 100644
--- a/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/unicode/unicode.js
+++ b/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/unicode/unicode.js
@@ -1,2 +1 @@
 import './lib/unicode.js';
-import './en.js';
diff --git a/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/verb/en.js b/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/verb/en.js
deleted file mode 100644
index a471b5616..000000000
--- a/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/verb/en.js
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-import { Locale } from '#js/util/Locale.js';
-import { COMPONENT } from '#js/input/tex/verb/__locales__/Component.js';
-import data from '#ts/input/tex/verb/__locales__/en.json' with {type: 'json'};
-
-Locale.registerMessages(COMPONENT, 'en', data);
diff --git a/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/verb/verb.js b/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/verb/verb.js
index 4380bf010..48b89414b 100644
--- a/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/verb/verb.js
+++ b/components/mjs/input/tex/extensions/verb/verb.js
@@ -1,2 +1 @@
 import './lib/verb.js';
-import './en.js';
diff --git a/components/mjs/input/tex/tex.js b/components/mjs/input/tex/tex.js
index 06226af33..32766c2dc 100644
--- a/components/mjs/input/tex/tex.js
+++ b/components/mjs/input/tex/tex.js
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 import './lib/tex.js';
-import './en.js';
 
 import {registerTeX} from './register.js';
 import {Loader} from '#js/components/loader.js';
diff --git a/components/mjs/locale/config.json b/components/mjs/locale/config.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1d59aad8c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/components/mjs/locale/config.json
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+{
+  "copy": {
+    "to": "[bundle]/locale",
+    "from": "[ts]/util/Locale",
+    "copy": ["__locales__"]
+  }
+}
diff --git a/components/mjs/ui/menu/en.js b/components/mjs/ui/menu/en.js
deleted file mode 100644
index 22d1549ed..000000000
--- a/components/mjs/ui/menu/en.js
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-import { Locale } from '#js/util/Locale.js';
-import { COMPONENT } from '#js/ui/menu/__locales__/Component.js';
-import data from '#ts/ui/menu/__locales__/en.json' with {type: 'json'};
-
-Locale.registerMessages(COMPONENT, 'en', data);
diff --git a/components/mjs/ui/menu/menu.js b/components/mjs/ui/menu/menu.js
index 91cd36b90..b4e50d092 100644
--- a/components/mjs/ui/menu/menu.js
+++ b/components/mjs/ui/menu/menu.js
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 import './lib/menu.js';
-import './en.js';
 
 import {combineDefaults} from '#js/components/global.js';
 import {MenuHandler} from '#js/ui/menu/MenuHandler.js';
diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index 13b47db99..b000e5df1 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -84,12 +84,13 @@
     "copy:assets": "pnpm -s log:comp 'Copying assets'; copy() { for name in locales mj2 mml3 html; do pnpm -s copy:$name ${1:-mjs}; done; }; copy",
     "copy:bundle": "copy() { components/bin/makeAll --copy --terse components/mjs/${1:-}; }; copy",
     "copy:html": "copy() { pnpm -s log:single 'Copying sre auxiliary files'; pnpm copyfiles -u 1 'ts/a11y/sre/*.html' 'ts/a11y/sre/require.*' $1; }; copy",
-    "copy:locales": "copy() { for name in core tex mml menu a11y adaptors; do pnpm -s copy:locales:$name ${1:-mjs}; done; }; copy ",
+    "copy:locales": "copy() { for name in core tex mml menu util a11y adaptors; do pnpm -s copy:locales:$name ${1:-mjs}; done; }; copy ",
     "copy:locales:a11y": "pnpm -s log:single 'Copying a11y locales'; copy() { pnpm copyfiles -u 1 'ts/a11y/*/__locales__/*.json' $1; }; copy",
     "copy:locales:adaptors": "pnpm -s log:single 'Copying DOMAdaptor locales'; copy() { pnpm copyfiles -u 1 'ts/adaptors/*/__locales__/*.json' $1; }; copy",
     "copy:locales:core": "pnpm -s log:single 'Copying core locales'; copy() { pnpm copyfiles -u 1 'ts/core/__locales__/*.json' $1; }; copy",
     "copy:locales:menu": "pnpm -s log:single 'Copying menu locales'; copy() { pnpm copyfiles -u 1 'ts/ui/menu/__locales__/*.json' $1; }; copy",
     "copy:locales:mml": "pnpm -s log:single 'Copying MathML locales'; copy() { pnpm copyfiles -u 1 'ts/input/mathml/__locales__/*.json' $1; }; copy",
+    "copy:locales:util": "pnpm -s log:single 'Copying utility locales'; copy() { pnpm copyfiles -u 1 'ts/util/*/__locales__/*.json' $1; }; copy",
     "copy:locales:tex": "pnpm -s log:single 'Copying TeX locales'; copy() { pnpm copyfiles -u 1 'ts/input/tex/__locales__/*.json' $1 && pnpm copyfiles -u 3 'ts/input/tex/*/__locales__/*.json' $1/input/tex/extensions; }; copy",
     "copy:mj2": "copy() { pnpm -s log:single 'Copying legacy code AsciiMath'; pnpm copyfiles -u 1 'ts/input/asciimath/legacy/**/*' $1; }; copy",
     "copy:mml3": "copy() { pnpm -s log:single 'Copying MathML3 extension json'; pnpm copyfiles -u 1 ts/input/mathml/mml3/mml3.sef.json $1; }; copy",
diff --git a/testsuite/tests/util/Locale.test.ts b/testsuite/tests/util/Locale.test.ts
index e3a96c09b..b6648fa65 100644
--- a/testsuite/tests/util/Locale.test.ts
+++ b/testsuite/tests/util/Locale.test.ts
@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@ describe('Locale', () => {
     expect(Locale.message('component', 'Id1', 'message', 'Locale')).toBe(
       'Test of message in Locale'
     );
+    delete locale.locations.component;
   });
 
   /********************************************************************************/
@@ -85,6 +86,16 @@ describe('Locale', () => {
     expect(Locale.message('undefined', 'Id1')).toBe('');
     Locale.current = 'en';
     Locale.default = 'en';
+    delete (Locale as any).locations.component;
+  });
+
+
+  /********************************************************************************/
+
+  test('Register messages for unknown component', async () => {
+    expect(trapOutput('warn', () =>
+      Locale.registerMessages('unknown', 'en', {})
+    )).toBe(`MathJax(Locale): Component 'unknown' doesn't exist`);
   });
 
   /********************************************************************************/
@@ -95,6 +106,7 @@ describe('Locale', () => {
     await Locale.setLocale('test');
     expect(Locale.message('component', 'test1')).toBe('Has % percent');
     Locale.isComponent = false;
+    delete (Locale as any).locations.component;
   });
 
   /********************************************************************************/
@@ -120,6 +132,8 @@ describe('Locale', () => {
     });
     expect(message).toContain("MathJax(fallback): Can't load 'xy.json'");
     expect(locale.data.fallback?.en).toEqual({ Id1: 'Test of %1 in %2' });
+    delete locale.locations.fallback;
+    delete locale.data.fallback;
   });
 
   /********************************************************************************/
@@ -130,6 +144,7 @@ describe('Locale', () => {
       Locale.warn('component', 'test2', 'warn')
     );
     expect(message).toEqual('Has warn one');
+    delete (Locale as any).locations.component;
   });
 
   /********************************************************************************/
@@ -172,6 +187,8 @@ describe('Locale', () => {
     //
     Locale.syncLoad = sync;
     console.error = error;
+    delete locale.locations.sync;
+    delete locale.data.sync;
   });
 
   /********************************************************************************/
@@ -216,6 +233,8 @@ describe('Locale', () => {
     //
     Locale.asyncLoad = async;
     Locale.syncLoad = sync;
+    delete (Locale as any).locations.sync;
+    delete (Locale as any).data.sync;
     mathjax.asyncLoad = load;
     mathjax.asyncIsSynchronous = isSync;
   });
diff --git a/ts/a11y/explorer/__locales__/Component.ts b/ts/a11y/explorer/__locales__/Component.ts
index 9df7f4dda..b5e891580 100644
--- a/ts/a11y/explorer/__locales__/Component.ts
+++ b/ts/a11y/explorer/__locales__/Component.ts
@@ -22,10 +22,12 @@
  */
 
 import { Locale, namedData } from '../../../util/Locale.js';
+import data from './en.json' with {type: 'json'};
 
 export const COMPONENT = 'a11y/explorer';
 
 Locale.registerLocaleFiles(COMPONENT, '../ts/a11y/explorer');
+Locale.registerMessages(COMPONENT, 'en', data);
 
 /**
  * Get a localized message for this component
diff --git a/ts/a11y/semantic-enrich/__locales__/Component.ts b/ts/a11y/semantic-enrich/__locales__/Component.ts
index f96c25b90..e936576c8 100644
--- a/ts/a11y/semantic-enrich/__locales__/Component.ts
+++ b/ts/a11y/semantic-enrich/__locales__/Component.ts
@@ -22,7 +22,9 @@
  */
 
 import { Locale } from '../../../util/Locale.js';
+import data from './en.json' with {type: 'json'};
 
 export const COMPONENT = 'a11y/semantic-enrich';
 
 Locale.registerLocaleFiles(COMPONENT, '../ts/a11y/semantic-enrich');
+Locale.registerMessages(COMPONENT, 'en', data);
diff --git a/ts/a11y/speech/__locales__/Component.ts b/ts/a11y/speech/__locales__/Component.ts
index 1d319065e..c7274fe18 100644
--- a/ts/a11y/speech/__locales__/Component.ts
+++ b/ts/a11y/speech/__locales__/Component.ts
@@ -22,10 +22,12 @@
  */
 
 import { Locale, namedData } from '../../../util/Locale.js';
+import data from './en.json' with {type: 'json'};
 
 export const COMPONENT = 'a11y/speech';
 
 Locale.registerLocaleFiles(COMPONENT, '../ts/a11y/speech');
+Locale.registerMessages(COMPONENT, 'en', data);
 
 /**
  * Get a localized message for this component
diff --git a/ts/adaptors/linkedom/__locales__/Component.ts b/ts/adaptors/linkedom/__locales__/Component.ts
index fd2ae87c2..de2ab39f0 100644
--- a/ts/adaptors/linkedom/__locales__/Component.ts
+++ b/ts/adaptors/linkedom/__locales__/Component.ts
@@ -22,7 +22,9 @@
  */
 
 import { Locale } from '../../../util/Locale.js';
+import data from './en.json' with {type: 'json'};
 
 export const COMPONENT = 'adaptors/linkedom';
 
 Locale.registerLocaleFiles(COMPONENT, '../ts/adaptors/linkedom');
+Locale.registerMessages(COMPONENT, 'en', data);
diff --git a/ts/core/__locales__/Component.ts b/ts/core/__locales__/Component.ts
index 030026917..ba1a23c52 100644
--- a/ts/core/__locales__/Component.ts
+++ b/ts/core/__locales__/Component.ts
@@ -22,10 +22,12 @@
  */
 
 import { Locale, namedData } from '../../util/Locale.js';
+import data from './en.json' with {type: 'json'};
 
 export const COMPONENT = 'core';
 
 Locale.registerLocaleFiles(COMPONENT, '../ts/core');
+Locale.registerMessages(COMPONENT, 'en', data);
 
 /**
  * Get a localized message for this component
diff --git a/ts/input/mathml/__locales__/Component.ts b/ts/input/mathml/__locales__/Component.ts
index 6363338df..4cf8c44c0 100644
--- a/ts/input/mathml/__locales__/Component.ts
+++ b/ts/input/mathml/__locales__/Component.ts
@@ -22,10 +22,12 @@
  */
 
 import { Locale, namedData } from '../../../util/Locale.js';
+import data from './en.json' with {type: 'json'};
 
 export const COMPONENT = 'input/mml';
 
 Locale.registerLocaleFiles(COMPONENT, '../ts/input/mathml');
+Locale.registerMessages(COMPONENT, 'en', data);
 
 /**
  * Get a localized message for this component
diff --git a/ts/input/tex/__locales__/Component.ts b/ts/input/tex/__locales__/Component.ts
index 5c31f45db..f198174e4 100644
--- a/ts/input/tex/__locales__/Component.ts
+++ b/ts/input/tex/__locales__/Component.ts
@@ -22,7 +22,9 @@
  */
 
 import { Locale } from '../../../util/Locale.js';
+import data from './en.json' with {type: 'json'};
 
 export const COMPONENT = 'input/tex';
 
 Locale.registerLocaleFiles(COMPONENT, '../ts/input/tex');
+Locale.registerMessages(COMPONENT, 'en', data);
diff --git a/ts/input/tex/ams/__locales__/Component.ts b/ts/input/tex/ams/__locales__/Component.ts
index b547dcf77..95814b100 100644
--- a/ts/input/tex/ams/__locales__/Component.ts
+++ b/ts/input/tex/ams/__locales__/Component.ts
@@ -22,7 +22,9 @@
  */
 
 import { Locale } from '../../../../util/Locale.js';
+import data from './en.json' with {type: 'json'};
 
 export const COMPONENT = '[tex]/ams';
 
 Locale.registerLocaleFiles(COMPONENT, '../ts/input/tex/ams');
+Locale.registerMessages(COMPONENT, 'en', data);
diff --git a/ts/input/tex/bbox/__locales__/Component.ts b/ts/input/tex/bbox/__locales__/Component.ts
index 5c1b19e9c..9b7b6d5f0 100644
--- a/ts/input/tex/bbox/__locales__/Component.ts
+++ b/ts/input/tex/bbox/__locales__/Component.ts
@@ -22,7 +22,9 @@
  */
 
 import { Locale } from '../../../../util/Locale.js';
+import data from './en.json' with {type: 'json'};
 
 export const COMPONENT = '[tex]/bbox';
 
 Locale.registerLocaleFiles(COMPONENT, '../ts/input/tex/bbox');
+Locale.registerMessages(COMPONENT, 'en', data);
diff --git a/ts/input/tex/begingroup/__locales__/Component.ts b/ts/input/tex/begingroup/__locales__/Component.ts
index 0e9b0ae1e..37a9f28b0 100644
--- a/ts/input/tex/begingroup/__locales__/Component.ts
+++ b/ts/input/tex/begingroup/__locales__/Component.ts
@@ -22,7 +22,9 @@
  */
 
 import { Locale } from '../../../../util/Locale.js';
+import data from './en.json' with {type: 'json'};
 
 export const COMPONENT = '[tex]/begingroup';
 
 Locale.registerLocaleFiles(COMPONENT, '../ts/input/tex/begingroup');
+Locale.registerMessages(COMPONENT, 'en', data);
diff --git a/ts/input/tex/bussproofs/__locales__/Component.ts b/ts/input/tex/bussproofs/__locales__/Component.ts
index 74bcc29ad..c40270d81 100644
--- a/ts/input/tex/bussproofs/__locales__/Component.ts
+++ b/ts/input/tex/bussproofs/__locales__/Component.ts
@@ -22,7 +22,9 @@
  */
 
 import { Locale } from '../../../../util/Locale.js';
+import data from './en.json' with {type: 'json'};
 
 export const COMPONENT = '[tex]/bussproofs';
 
 Locale.registerLocaleFiles(COMPONENT, '../ts/input/tex/bussproofs');
+Locale.registerMessages(COMPONENT, 'en', data);
diff --git a/ts/input/tex/bussproofs/__locales__/en.json b/ts/input/tex/bussproofs/__locales__/en.json
index 4f38c28d7..c5ba4ceb6 100644
--- a/ts/input/tex/bussproofs/__locales__/en.json
+++ b/ts/input/tex/bussproofs/__locales__/en.json
@@ -4,5 +4,5 @@
   "IllegalProofCommand": "Proof commands only allowed in prooftree environment.",
   "IllegalUseOfCommand": "Use of %1 does not match its definition.",
   "MissingProofCommand": "Missing %1 in %2.",
-  "RequiresOutputJax": "The bussproofs extension requires an output jax with a getBBox() method";
+  "RequiresOutputJax": "The bussproofs extension requires an output jax with a getBBox() method"
 }
diff --git a/ts/input/tex/cases/__locales__/Component.ts b/ts/input/tex/cases/__locales__/Component.ts
index 6eb0bedce..330291c87 100644
--- a/ts/input/tex/cases/__locales__/Component.ts
+++ b/ts/input/tex/cases/__locales__/Component.ts
@@ -22,7 +22,9 @@
  */
 
 import { Locale } from '../../../../util/Locale.js';
+import data from './en.json' with {type: 'json'};
 
 export const COMPONENT = '[tex]/cases';
 
 Locale.registerLocaleFiles(COMPONENT, '../ts/input/tex/cases');
+Locale.registerMessages(COMPONENT, 'en', data);
diff --git a/ts/input/tex/color/__locales__/Component.ts b/ts/input/tex/color/__locales__/Component.ts
index d79509c61..af8491aba 100644
--- a/ts/input/tex/color/__locales__/Component.ts
+++ b/ts/input/tex/color/__locales__/Component.ts
@@ -22,7 +22,9 @@
  */
 
 import { Locale } from '../../../../util/Locale.js';
+import data from './en.json' with {type: 'json'};
 
 export const COMPONENT = '[tex]/color';
 
 Locale.registerLocaleFiles(COMPONENT, '../ts/input/tex/color');
+Locale.registerMessages(COMPONENT, 'en', data);
diff --git a/ts/input/tex/colortbl/__locales__/Component.ts b/ts/input/tex/colortbl/__locales__/Component.ts
index 2415e5895..15353de95 100644
--- a/ts/input/tex/colortbl/__locales__/Component.ts
+++ b/ts/input/tex/colortbl/__locales__/Component.ts
@@ -22,7 +22,9 @@
  */
 
 import { Locale } from '../../../../util/Locale.js';
+import data from './en.json' with {type: 'json'};
 
 export const COMPONENT = '[tex]/colortbl';
 
 Locale.registerLocaleFiles(COMPONENT, '../ts/input/tex/colortbl');
+Locale.registerMessages(COMPONENT, 'en', data);
diff --git a/ts/input/tex/empheq/__locales__/Component.ts b/ts/input/tex/empheq/__locales__/Component.ts
index a85fd89c3..7cfb2194a 100644
--- a/ts/input/tex/empheq/__locales__/Component.ts
+++ b/ts/input/tex/empheq/__locales__/Component.ts
@@ -22,7 +22,9 @@
  */
 
 import { Locale } from '../../../../util/Locale.js';
+import data from './en.json' with {type: 'json'};
 
 export const COMPONENT = '[tex]/empheq';
 
 Locale.registerLocaleFiles(COMPONENT, '../ts/input/tex/empheq');
+Locale.registerMessages(COMPONENT, 'en', data);
diff --git a/ts/input/tex/extpfeil/__locales__/Component.ts b/ts/input/tex/extpfeil/__locales__/Component.ts
index cb8ff0e6c..1e7aff5b8 100644
--- a/ts/input/tex/extpfeil/__locales__/Component.ts
+++ b/ts/input/tex/extpfeil/__locales__/Component.ts
@@ -22,7 +22,9 @@
  */
 
 import { Locale } from '../../../../util/Locale.js';
+import data from './en.json' with {type: 'json'};
 
 export const COMPONENT = '[tex]/extpfeil';
 
 Locale.registerLocaleFiles(COMPONENT, '../ts/input/tex/extpfeil');
+Locale.registerMessages(COMPONENT, 'en', data);
diff --git a/ts/input/tex/html/__locales__/Component.ts b/ts/input/tex/html/__locales__/Component.ts
index fc3eafa07..ec617c693 100644
--- a/ts/input/tex/html/__locales__/Component.ts
+++ b/ts/input/tex/html/__locales__/Component.ts
@@ -22,7 +22,9 @@
  */
 
 import { Locale } from '../../../../util/Locale.js';
+import data from './en.json' with {type: 'json'};
 
 export const COMPONENT = '[tex]/html';
 
 Locale.registerLocaleFiles(COMPONENT, '../ts/input/tex/html');
+Locale.registerMessages(COMPONENT, 'en', data);
diff --git a/ts/input/tex/mathtools/__locales__/Component.ts b/ts/input/tex/mathtools/__locales__/Component.ts
index 071d87daf..e927c02af 100644
--- a/ts/input/tex/mathtools/__locales__/Component.ts
+++ b/ts/input/tex/mathtools/__locales__/Component.ts
@@ -22,7 +22,9 @@
  */
 
 import { Locale } from '../../../../util/Locale.js';
+import data from './en.json' with {type: 'json'};
 
 export const COMPONENT = '[tex]/mathtools';
 
 Locale.registerLocaleFiles(COMPONENT, '../ts/input/tex/mathtools');
+Locale.registerMessages(COMPONENT, 'en', data);
diff --git a/ts/input/tex/mhchem/__locales__/Component.ts b/ts/input/tex/mhchem/__locales__/Component.ts
index 66593a0d3..1033ec343 100644
--- a/ts/input/tex/mhchem/__locales__/Component.ts
+++ b/ts/input/tex/mhchem/__locales__/Component.ts
@@ -22,7 +22,9 @@
  */
 
 import { Locale } from '../../../../util/Locale.js';
+import data from './en.json' with {type: 'json'};
 
 export const COMPONENT = '[tex]/mhchem';
 
 Locale.registerLocaleFiles(COMPONENT, '../ts/input/tex/mhchem');
+Locale.registerMessages(COMPONENT, 'en', data);
diff --git a/ts/input/tex/newcommand/__locales__/Component.ts b/ts/input/tex/newcommand/__locales__/Component.ts
index a7ad030e9..2585989b4 100644
--- a/ts/input/tex/newcommand/__locales__/Component.ts
+++ b/ts/input/tex/newcommand/__locales__/Component.ts
@@ -22,7 +22,9 @@
  */
 
 import { Locale } from '../../../../util/Locale.js';
+import data from './en.json' with {type: 'json'};
 
 export const COMPONENT = '[tex]/newcommand';
 
 Locale.registerLocaleFiles(COMPONENT, '../ts/input/tex/newcommand');
+Locale.registerMessages(COMPONENT, 'en', data);
diff --git a/ts/input/tex/physics/__locales__/Component.ts b/ts/input/tex/physics/__locales__/Component.ts
index c5c391e2f..c17551445 100644
--- a/ts/input/tex/physics/__locales__/Component.ts
+++ b/ts/input/tex/physics/__locales__/Component.ts
@@ -22,7 +22,9 @@
  */
 
 import { Locale } from '../../../../util/Locale.js';
+import data from './en.json' with {type: 'json'};
 
 export const COMPONENT = '[tex]/physics';
 
 Locale.registerLocaleFiles(COMPONENT, '../ts/input/tex/physics');
+Locale.registerMessages(COMPONENT, 'en', data);
diff --git a/ts/input/tex/require/__locales__/Component.ts b/ts/input/tex/require/__locales__/Component.ts
index 5519890a3..932d76bb3 100644
--- a/ts/input/tex/require/__locales__/Component.ts
+++ b/ts/input/tex/require/__locales__/Component.ts
@@ -22,7 +22,9 @@
  */
 
 import { Locale } from '../../../../util/Locale.js';
+import data from './en.json' with {type: 'json'};
 
 export const COMPONENT = '[tex]/require';
 
 Locale.registerLocaleFiles(COMPONENT, '../ts/input/tex/require');
+Locale.registerMessages(COMPONENT, 'en', data);
diff --git a/ts/input/tex/setoptions/__locales__/Component.ts b/ts/input/tex/setoptions/__locales__/Component.ts
index 35630731c..ea0336536 100644
--- a/ts/input/tex/setoptions/__locales__/Component.ts
+++ b/ts/input/tex/setoptions/__locales__/Component.ts
@@ -22,7 +22,9 @@
  */
 
 import { Locale } from '../../../../util/Locale.js';
+import data from './en.json' with {type: 'json'};
 
 export const COMPONENT = '[tex]/setoptions';
 
 Locale.registerLocaleFiles(COMPONENT, '../ts/input/tex/setoptions');
+Locale.registerMessages(COMPONENT, 'en', data);
diff --git a/ts/input/tex/textmacros/__locales__/Component.ts b/ts/input/tex/textmacros/__locales__/Component.ts
index cfce9e2b0..96855d2ae 100644
--- a/ts/input/tex/textmacros/__locales__/Component.ts
+++ b/ts/input/tex/textmacros/__locales__/Component.ts
@@ -22,7 +22,9 @@
  */
 
 import { Locale } from '../../../../util/Locale.js';
+import data from './en.json' with {type: 'json'};
 
 export const COMPONENT = '[tex]/textmacros';
 
 Locale.registerLocaleFiles(COMPONENT, '../ts/input/tex/textmacros');
+Locale.registerMessages(COMPONENT, 'en', data);
diff --git a/ts/input/tex/unicode/__locales__/Component.ts b/ts/input/tex/unicode/__locales__/Component.ts
index 776f460d1..dbd33f431 100644
--- a/ts/input/tex/unicode/__locales__/Component.ts
+++ b/ts/input/tex/unicode/__locales__/Component.ts
@@ -22,7 +22,9 @@
  */
 
 import { Locale } from '../../../../util/Locale.js';
+import data from './en.json' with {type: 'json'};
 
 export const COMPONENT = '[tex]/unicode';
 
 Locale.registerLocaleFiles(COMPONENT, '../ts/input/tex/unicode');
+Locale.registerMessages(COMPONENT, 'en', data);
diff --git a/ts/input/tex/verb/__locales__/Component.ts b/ts/input/tex/verb/__locales__/Component.ts
index 5b85bb7fe..314c7a569 100644
--- a/ts/input/tex/verb/__locales__/Component.ts
+++ b/ts/input/tex/verb/__locales__/Component.ts
@@ -22,7 +22,9 @@
  */
 
 import { Locale } from '../../../../util/Locale.js';
+import data from './en.json' with {type: 'json'};
 
 export const COMPONENT = '[tex]/verb';
 
 Locale.registerLocaleFiles(COMPONENT, '../ts/input/tex/verb');
+Locale.registerMessages(COMPONENT, 'en', data);
diff --git a/ts/ui/menu/__locales__/Component.ts b/ts/ui/menu/__locales__/Component.ts
index fbd032936..bc07579fc 100644
--- a/ts/ui/menu/__locales__/Component.ts
+++ b/ts/ui/menu/__locales__/Component.ts
@@ -22,10 +22,12 @@
  */
 
 import { Locale, namedData } from '../../../util/Locale.js';
+import data from './en.json' with {type: 'json'};
 
 export const COMPONENT = 'ui/menu';
 
 Locale.registerLocaleFiles(COMPONENT, '../ts/ui/menu');
+Locale.registerMessages(COMPONENT, 'en', data);
 
 /**
  * Get a localized message for this component
diff --git a/ts/util/Locale.ts b/ts/util/Locale.ts
index 20e442a2f..a3455253d 100644
--- a/ts/util/Locale.ts
+++ b/ts/util/Locale.ts
@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@
  * @author dpvc@mathjax.org (Davide Cervone)
  */
 
+import en from './Locale/__locales__/en.json' with {type: 'json'};
+
 /**
  * The various object map types
  */
@@ -29,6 +31,11 @@ export type localeData = { [locale: string]: messageData };
 export type componentData = { [component: string]: localeData };
 export type namedData = { [name: string | number]: string };
 
+/**
+ * The Locale utility component
+ */
+export const COMPONENT = 'locale';
+
 /**
  * The Locale class for handling localized messages
  */
@@ -59,20 +66,7 @@ export class Locale {
    * The localized message strings, per component and locale,
    * with the default message for localeError() below.
    */
-  protected static data: componentData = {
-    locale: {
-      en: {
-        LocaleJsonError: "MathJax(%1): Can't load '%2': %3",
-        LocaleMessageNotFound:
-          "MathJax(Locale): No localized or default version for message with id '%1' from '%2'",
-      },
-      de: {
-        LocaleJsonError: "MathJax(%1): '%2' kann nicht geladen werden: %3",
-        LocaleMessageNotFound:
-          "MathJax(Locale): Keine lokalisierte oder Standardversion für die Meldung mit der ID '%1' aus '%2'",
-      },
-    },
-  };
+  protected static data: componentData = {};
 
   /**
    * The locale files to load for each locale (as registered by the components)
@@ -90,10 +84,12 @@ export class Locale {
     component: string,
     prefix: string = component
   ) {
-    this.locations[component] = [
-      `${this.isComponent ? component : prefix}/__locales__`,
-      new Set(),
-    ];
+    if (!this.locations[component]) {
+      this.locations[component] = [
+        `${this.isComponent ? component : prefix}/__locales__`,
+        new Set(),
+      ];
+    }
   }
 
   /**
@@ -109,6 +105,10 @@ export class Locale {
     locale: string,
     data: messageData
   ) {
+    if (!this.locations[component]) {
+      this.warn(COMPONENT, 'NoComponent', component);
+      return;
+    }
     if (!this.data[component]) {
       this.data[component] = Object.create(null);
     }
@@ -186,8 +186,8 @@ export class Locale {
       this.data[component]?.[this.current]?.[id] ||
       this.data[component]?.[this.default]?.[id] ||
       this.substituteArguments(
-        this.data.locale[this.current]?.['LocaleMessageNotFound'] ||
-          this.data.locale[this.default]?.['LocaleMessageNotFound'] ||
+        this.data[COMPONENT][this.current]?.['MessageNotFound'] ||
+          this.data[COMPONENT][this.default]?.['MessageNotFound'] ||
           '',
         { 1: id, 2: component }
       )
@@ -257,7 +257,6 @@ export class Locale {
   public static async setLocale(
     locale: string = this.current
   ): Promise<void[]> {
-    this.initialized = true;
     if (!this.syncLoad && !this.asyncLoad) {
       const { mathjax } = await import('../mathjax.js');
       if (mathjax.asyncIsSynchronous) {
@@ -328,8 +327,8 @@ export class Locale {
     error: Error
   ): Promise<void> | void {
     const message = this.message(
-      'locale',
-      'LocaleJsonError',
+      COMPONENT,
+      'JsonError',
       component,
       `${locale}.json`,
       error.message
@@ -351,3 +350,6 @@ export class Locale {
     }
   }
 }
+
+Locale.registerLocaleFiles(COMPONENT, '../ts/util/Locale');
+Locale.registerMessages(COMPONENT, 'en', en);
diff --git a/ts/util/Locale/__locales__/de.json b/ts/util/Locale/__locales__/de.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..904efee5e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ts/util/Locale/__locales__/de.json
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+{
+  "JsonError": "MathJax(%1): '%2' kann nicht geladen werden: %3",
+  "MessageNotFound": "MathJax(Locale): Keine lokalisierte oder Standardversion für die Meldung mit der ID '%1' aus '%2'",
+  "NoComponent": "MathJax(Locale): Die Komponente '%1' existiert nicht"
+}
diff --git a/ts/util/Locale/__locales__/en.json b/ts/util/Locale/__locales__/en.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d86d29ece
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ts/util/Locale/__locales__/en.json
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+{
+  "JsonError": "MathJax(%1): Can't load '%2': %3",
+  "MessageNotFound": "MathJax(Locale): No localized or default version for message with id '%1' from '%2'",
+  "NoComponent": "MathJax(Locale): Component '%1' doesn't exist"
+}