From a180bc82349cda73daa37924702a7e4c1c7f4a69 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: osku <ossi.vaananen@me.com>
Date: Thu, 12 Dec 2024 14:59:40 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 01/10] Add jpeg exif parser

---
 plaso/data/formatters/generic.yaml |  20 +++
 plaso/data/timeliner.yaml          |   6 +
 plaso/parsers/__init__.py          |   1 +
 plaso/parsers/jpeg_exif.py         | 275 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 test_data/testimage.jpg            | Bin 0 -> 35960 bytes
 tests/parsers/jpeg_exif.py         |  51 ++++++
 6 files changed, 353 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 plaso/parsers/jpeg_exif.py
 create mode 100644 test_data/testimage.jpg
 create mode 100644 tests/parsers/jpeg_exif.py

diff --git a/plaso/data/formatters/generic.yaml b/plaso/data/formatters/generic.yaml
index 146029666e..300600fdde 100644
--- a/plaso/data/formatters/generic.yaml
+++ b/plaso/data/formatters/generic.yaml
@@ -489,6 +489,26 @@ short_source: 'JAVA_IDX'
 source: 'Java Cache IDX'
 ---
 type: 'conditional'
+data_type: 'jpeg:exif'
+message:
+- 'Width: {image_width}'
+- 'Height: {image_height}'
+- 'Manufacturer: {manufacturer}'
+- 'Model: {model}'
+- 'Serial: {bodyserialnumber}'
+- 'Software: {software}'
+- 'Latitude: {latitude}'
+- 'Longitude: {longitude}'
+short_message:
+- 'Width: {image_width}'
+- 'Height: {image_height}'
+- 'Manufacturer: {manufacturer}'
+- 'Model: {model}'
+- 'Software: {software}'
+short_source: 'JPEG_EXIF'
+source: 'JPEG EXIF Metadata'
+---
+type: 'conditional'
 data_type: 'kodi:videos:viewing'
 message:
 - 'Video: {filename}'
diff --git a/plaso/data/timeliner.yaml b/plaso/data/timeliner.yaml
index eada32f665..1844a9ab22 100644
--- a/plaso/data/timeliner.yaml
+++ b/plaso/data/timeliner.yaml
@@ -699,6 +699,12 @@ attribute_mappings:
   description: 'Content Modification Time'
 place_holder_event: true
 ---
+data_type: 'jpeg:exif'
+attribute_mappings:
+- name: 'exif_datetime'
+  description: 'EXIF datetime'
+place_holder_event: true
+---
 data_type: 'kodi:videos:viewing'
 attribute_mappings:
 - name: 'last_played_time'
diff --git a/plaso/parsers/__init__.py b/plaso/parsers/__init__.py
index 3fdd8f9418..cbc033a953 100644
--- a/plaso/parsers/__init__.py
+++ b/plaso/parsers/__init__.py
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 from plaso.parsers import fseventsd
 from plaso.parsers import ios_discord
 from plaso.parsers import java_idx
+from plaso.parsers import jpeg_exif
 from plaso.parsers import jsonl_parser
 from plaso.parsers import locate
 from plaso.parsers import macos_keychain
diff --git a/plaso/parsers/jpeg_exif.py b/plaso/parsers/jpeg_exif.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b2d40184b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/plaso/parsers/jpeg_exif.py
@@ -0,0 +1,275 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""Parser for JPG exif data."""
+
+from plaso.parsers import interface
+from plaso.parsers import manager
+from plaso.containers import events
+
+from datetime import datetime
+from dfdatetime import posix_time as dfdatetime_posix_time
+
+import struct # for inline exif parser
+
+# Mapping of Exif tag IDs to human-readable names
+exiftags = {
+  0x0100: "Image Width",
+  0x0101: "Image Height",
+  0x0102: "Bits per Sample",
+  0x0103: "Compression",
+  0x0106: "Photometric Interpre",
+  0x010f: "Manufacturer",
+  0x0110: "Model",
+  0x0112: "Orientation",
+  0x0115: "Samples per Pixel",
+  0x011a: "X-Resolution",
+  0x011b: "Y-Resolution",
+  0x011c: "Planar Configuration",
+  0x0128: "Resolution Unit",
+  0x0131: "Software",
+  0x0132: "Date and Time",
+  0x014a: "SubIFD Offsets",
+  0x02bc: "XML Packet",
+  0x829a: "Exposure Time",
+  0x829d: "F-Number",
+  0x8822: "Exposure Program",
+  0x8827: "ISO Speed Ratings",
+  0x9000: "Exif Version",
+  0x9003: "Date and Time",
+  0x9004: "Date and Time (modified)",
+  0x9204: "Exposure Bias",
+  0x9205: "Maximum Aperture Val",
+  0x9207: "Metering Mode",
+  0x9208: "Light Source",
+  0x9209: "Flash",
+  0x920a: "Focal Length",
+  0xa300: "File Source",
+  0xa301: "Scene Type",
+  0xa402: "Exposure Mode",
+  0xa403: "White Balance",
+  0xa404: "Digital Zoom Ratio",
+  0xa405: "Focal Length in 35mm",
+  0xa406: "Scene Capture Type",
+  0xa407: "Gain Control",
+  0xa408: "Contrast",
+  0xa409: "Saturation",
+  0xa40a: "Sharpness",
+  0xa431: "Body Serial Number",
+  0xa432: "Lens Specification",
+  0xa000: "FlashPixVersion",
+  0xa001: "Color Space",
+  0x0000: "GPS Tag Version",
+  0x0001: "Latitude Reference",
+  0x0002: "Latitude",
+  0x0003: "Longitude Reference",
+  0x0004: "Longitude",
+  0x0005: "Altitude Reference",
+  0x0006: "Altitude",
+  0x0009: "GPS Receiver Status",
+  0x0012: "Geodetic Survey Data",
+  0xc62f: "Body Serial Number",
+  0xc614: "Make and Model"
+}
+
+def parse_exif(file_object):
+  data = file_object.read()
+
+  # Verify JPEG SOI marker
+  if data[:2] != b'\xFF\xD8':
+    raise ValueError("Not a valid JPEG file")
+
+  # Look for APP1 (Exif) marker
+  offset = 2
+  while offset < len(data):
+    marker, length = struct.unpack(">2sH", data[offset:offset+4])
+    if marker == b'\xFF\xE1':  # APP1 marker
+      exif_data = data[offset+4:offset+4+length-2]  # Skip the marker length
+      if exif_data[:6] == b'Exif\x00\x00':
+        return parse_tiff(exif_data[6:])
+    offset += length + 2
+
+  raise ValueError("Exif data not found")
+
+def parse_tiff(data):
+  # Verify TIFF header
+  endianness = data[:2]
+  if endianness == b'II':  # Little endian
+    endian = "<"
+  elif endianness == b'MM':  # Big endian
+    endian = ">"
+  else:
+    raise ValueError("Invalid TIFF header")
+
+  # Verify TIFF magic number
+  magic_number = struct.unpack(endian + "H", data[2:4])[0]
+  if magic_number != 0x002A:
+    raise ValueError("Invalid TIFF magic number")
+
+  # Get offset to first IFD (Image File Directory)
+  ifd_offset = struct.unpack(endian + "I", data[4:8])[0]
+
+  # Parse IFD
+  return parse_ifd(data, ifd_offset, endian, base_offset=0)
+
+def parse_ifd(data, offset, endian, base_offset):
+  # Number of directory entries
+  num_entries = struct.unpack(endian + "H", data[offset:offset+2])[0]
+  entries = {}
+  for i in range(num_entries):
+    entry_offset = offset + 2 + i * 12
+    tag, tag_type, count, value_offset = struct.unpack(endian + "HHII", data[entry_offset:entry_offset+12])
+
+    # Interpret the value based on the tag type
+    absolute_offset = base_offset + value_offset
+    # short strings! they are inline after the entry offset values
+    if tag_type == 2 and count * size_of_type(tag_type) <= 4:
+      value = data[entry_offset+8:entry_offset+8+count].rstrip(b'\x00').decode('ascii','ignore')
+    elif count * size_of_type(tag_type) <= 4:  # other inline data
+      value = extract_inline_data(value_offset, tag_type, endian)
+    else:  # Normal data at offset
+      value = extract_value(data, absolute_offset, tag_type, count, endian)
+      if tag == 0x0002 or tag == 0x0004 : #gps latlon, convert from deg/min/sec to decimal degrees
+        value = value[0] + value[1] / 60.0 + value[2] / 3600.0
+      elif count==1:
+        value=value[0]
+
+    # Check for subdirectories (ExifIFDPointer, GPSInfo)
+    if tag == 0x8769 or tag == 0x8825:  # Subdirectory pointers
+      sub_ifd = parse_ifd(data, base_offset + value_offset, endian, base_offset)
+      entries.update(sub_ifd)
+    else:
+      entries[tag] = value
+
+  return entries
+
+def size_of_type(tag_type):
+  sizes = {1: 1, 2: 1, 3: 2, 4: 4, 5: 8}  # BYTE, ASCII, SHORT, LONG, RATIONAL
+  return sizes.get(tag_type, 0)
+
+def extract_inline_data(value_offset, tag_type, endian):
+  if tag_type == 3:  # SHORT
+    return struct.unpack(endian + "H", struct.pack(endian + "I", value_offset)[:2])[0]
+  elif tag_type == 4:  # LONG
+    return struct.unpack(endian + "I", struct.pack(endian + "I", value_offset))[0]
+  elif tag_type == 1:  # BYTE
+    return value_offset & 0xFF
+  elif tag_type == 2:  # ASCII
+    return chr(value_offset & 0xFF)  # Interpret a single byte as ASCII
+  return value_offset
+
+def format_value(tag, value, tag_type, count, endian):
+  if tag_type == 2:  # ASCII
+    return value if isinstance(value, str) else "".join(map(chr, value))
+  elif tag_type == 3 or tag_type == 4:  # SHORT or LONG
+    return value# if count > 1 else value[0]
+  elif tag_type == 5:  # RATIONAL
+    return [f"{num}/{den}" for num, den in value]
+  return value
+
+def extract_value(data, offset, tag_type, count, endian):
+  if tag_type == 1:  # BYTE
+    return data[offset:offset+count]
+  elif tag_type == 2:  # ASCII
+    return data[offset:offset+count].rstrip(b'\x00').decode('utf-8')
+  elif tag_type == 3:  # SHORT (2 bytes)
+    return struct.unpack(endian + f"{count}H", data[offset:offset+count*2])
+  elif tag_type == 4:  # LONG (4 bytes)
+    return struct.unpack(endian + f"{count}I", data[offset:offset+count*4])
+  elif tag_type == 5:  # RATIONAL (two LONGs: numerator/denominator)
+    # Extract all LONGs (numerator/denominator pairs)
+    raw_values = struct.unpack(endian + f"{count * 2}I", data[offset:offset + count * 8])
+    # Convert to floats (numerator/denominator)
+    return [raw_values[i] / raw_values[i + 1] if raw_values[i + 1] != 0 else None for i in range(0, len(raw_values), 2)]
+  return None
+
+def annotated_exif(values):
+  r = {}
+  for tag, value in values.items():
+    tag_name = exiftags.get(tag, f"Unknown tag ({hex(tag)})")
+    if tag_name == 'XML Packet':continue
+    r[tag_name] = value
+  return r
+
+
+class JpegExifEventData(events.EventData):
+  """JPEG EXIF event data.
+
+  Attributes:
+    exif_datetime (dfdatetime.DateTimeValues): exif datetime
+    image_width: image width
+    image_height: image height
+    software: software
+    xres: X resolution
+    yres: Y resolution
+    manufacturer: Manufacturer/Make
+    model: Model
+    latitude: Latitude
+    longitude: Longitude
+    bodyserialnumber: Body serial number
+  """
+  
+  DATA_TYPE = 'jpeg:exif'
+  
+  def __init__(self):
+    super(JpegExifEventData, self).__init__(data_type=self.DATA_TYPE)
+    self.exif_datetime = None
+    self.width = None
+    self.height = None
+    self.software = None
+    self.xres = None
+    self.yres = None
+    self.manufacturer = None
+    self.model = None
+    self.latitude = None
+    self.longitude = None
+    self.bodyserialnumber = None
+
+    
+class JpegExifParser(interface.FileObjectParser):
+  """Parser for JPEG EXIF data"""
+
+  NAME='jpeg_exif'
+  DATA_FORMAT = 'JPEG file'
+
+  def _ExtractExifMetadata(self, file_object):
+    event_data = JpegExifEventData()
+
+    ed = annotated_exif(parse_exif(file_object))
+    print(ed)
+    print(type(ed))
+    #print(json.dumps(dict(ed), sort_keys=True, indent=4))
+    key = 'Date and Time'
+    if key in ed.keys():
+      ts = str(ed.get(key))
+      dt = datetime.strptime(ts, "%Y:%m:%d %H:%M:%S")
+      posix_timestamp = int(dt.timestamp())
+      event_data.exif_datetime = dfdatetime_posix_time.PosixTime(timestamp=posix_timestamp)
+    event_data.makeandmodel = ed.get('Make and Model', 'Unknown')
+    event_data.manufacturer = ed.get('Manufacturer', 'Unknown')
+    event_data.model = str(ed.get('Model'))
+    event_data.xres = str(ed.get('X-Resolution'))
+    event_data.yres = str(ed.get('Y-Resolution'))
+    event_data.width = str(ed.get('Image Width'))
+    event_data.height = str(ed.get('Image Height'))
+    event_data.software = str(ed.get('Software'))
+    event_data.bodyserialnumber = str(ed.get('Body Serial Number'))
+    event_data.latitude = "%2.5f%s"%(ed.get('Latitude', 0.0), ed.get('Latitude Reference',''))
+    event_data.longitude = "%2.5f%s"%(ed.get('Longitude', 0.0), ed.get('Longitude Reference', ''))
+    return event_data
+    
+  
+  def ParseFileObject(self, parser_mediator, file_object, **kwargs):
+    """Parses a JPEG file.
+
+    Args:
+      parser_mediator (ParserMediator): parser mediator.
+      file_object (dfvfx.FileIO): file-like object to be parsed.
+
+    Raises:
+      WrongParser: ...
+    """
+
+    event_data = self._ExtractExifMetadata(file_object)
+    parser_mediator.ProduceEventData(event_data)
+
+manager.ParsersManager.RegisterParser(JpegExifParser)
+
diff --git a/test_data/testimage.jpg b/test_data/testimage.jpg
new file mode 100644
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diff --git a/tests/parsers/jpeg_exif.py b/tests/parsers/jpeg_exif.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..47b7984d17
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/parsers/jpeg_exif.py
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""Tests for the JPEG EXIF parser."""
+
+import unittest
+
+from plaso.parsers import jpeg_exif
+
+from tests.parsers import test_lib
+
+
+class JpegExifParserTest(test_lib.ParserTestCase):
+  """Tests for the JPEG EXIF parser."""
+
+  def testParseFile(self):
+    """Tests the ParseFile function on a JPEG file."""
+    parser = jpeg_exif.JpegExifParser()
+    storage_writer = self._ParseFile(['testimage.jpg'], parser)
+
+    number_of_event_data = storage_writer.GetNumberOfAttributeContainers(
+        'event_data')
+    self.assertEqual(number_of_event_data, 1)
+
+    number_of_warnings = storage_writer.GetNumberOfAttributeContainers(
+        'extraction_warning')
+    self.assertEqual(number_of_warnings, 0)
+
+    number_of_warnings = storage_writer.GetNumberOfAttributeContainers(
+        'recovery_warning')
+    self.assertEqual(number_of_warnings, 0)
+
+    expected_event_values = {
+        "bodyserialnumber": "53HQK520M10K6U",
+        "data_type": "jpeg:exif",
+        "latitude": "68.87571N",
+        "longitude": "27.76492E",
+        "manufacturer": "DJI",
+        "model": "FC3582",
+        "software": "RawTherapee 5.9",
+        "width": "4024",
+        "height": "3016",
+        "xres": "300.0",
+        "yres": "300.0"}
+
+    event_data = storage_writer.GetAttributeContainerByIndex('event_data', 0)
+    print(str(event_data.__dict__))
+    self.CheckEventData(event_data, expected_event_values)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+  unittest.main()

From cb046a03fbffc02b04dd3256cd7e3b0ee9bd0c0a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: osku <ossi.vaananen@me.com>
Date: Fri, 13 Dec 2024 09:01:18 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 02/10] width/height are integers, not strings

---
 plaso/parsers/jpeg_exif.py | 4 ++--
 tests/parsers/jpeg_exif.py | 4 ++--
 2 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/plaso/parsers/jpeg_exif.py b/plaso/parsers/jpeg_exif.py
index b2d40184b4..b4cc6096ce 100644
--- a/plaso/parsers/jpeg_exif.py
+++ b/plaso/parsers/jpeg_exif.py
@@ -248,8 +248,8 @@ def _ExtractExifMetadata(self, file_object):
     event_data.model = str(ed.get('Model'))
     event_data.xres = str(ed.get('X-Resolution'))
     event_data.yres = str(ed.get('Y-Resolution'))
-    event_data.width = str(ed.get('Image Width'))
-    event_data.height = str(ed.get('Image Height'))
+    event_data.width = ed.get('Image Width')
+    event_data.height = ed.get('Image Height')
     event_data.software = str(ed.get('Software'))
     event_data.bodyserialnumber = str(ed.get('Body Serial Number'))
     event_data.latitude = "%2.5f%s"%(ed.get('Latitude', 0.0), ed.get('Latitude Reference',''))
diff --git a/tests/parsers/jpeg_exif.py b/tests/parsers/jpeg_exif.py
index 47b7984d17..05e3d574a3 100644
--- a/tests/parsers/jpeg_exif.py
+++ b/tests/parsers/jpeg_exif.py
@@ -37,8 +37,8 @@ def testParseFile(self):
         "manufacturer": "DJI",
         "model": "FC3582",
         "software": "RawTherapee 5.9",
-        "width": "4024",
-        "height": "3016",
+        "width": 4024,
+        "height": 3016,
         "xres": "300.0",
         "yres": "300.0"}
 

From 7f326ddf602b1c01d34029e17850188b1c6507b7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: osku <ossi.vaananen@me.com>
Date: Sun, 15 Dec 2024 15:09:54 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 03/10] minor style cleanup

---
 plaso/parsers/jpeg_exif.py | 15 ++++++++-------
 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/plaso/parsers/jpeg_exif.py b/plaso/parsers/jpeg_exif.py
index b4cc6096ce..72f528f70c 100644
--- a/plaso/parsers/jpeg_exif.py
+++ b/plaso/parsers/jpeg_exif.py
@@ -210,6 +210,7 @@ class JpegExifEventData(events.EventData):
   DATA_TYPE = 'jpeg:exif'
   
   def __init__(self):
+    """Initializes a JpegExif event data."""
     super(JpegExifEventData, self).__init__(data_type=self.DATA_TYPE)
     self.exif_datetime = None
     self.width = None
@@ -231,12 +232,12 @@ class JpegExifParser(interface.FileObjectParser):
   DATA_FORMAT = 'JPEG file'
 
   def _ExtractExifMetadata(self, file_object):
-    event_data = JpegExifEventData()
+    return parse_exif(file_object)
 
-    ed = annotated_exif(parse_exif(file_object))
-    print(ed)
-    print(type(ed))
-    #print(json.dumps(dict(ed), sort_keys=True, indent=4))
+  def _BuildEventData(self, parsed_jpeg_exif):
+    ed = annotated_exif(parsed_jpeg_exif)
+    event_data = JpegExifEventData()
+    
     key = 'Date and Time'
     if key in ed.keys():
       ts = str(ed.get(key))
@@ -255,7 +256,6 @@ def _ExtractExifMetadata(self, file_object):
     event_data.latitude = "%2.5f%s"%(ed.get('Latitude', 0.0), ed.get('Latitude Reference',''))
     event_data.longitude = "%2.5f%s"%(ed.get('Longitude', 0.0), ed.get('Longitude Reference', ''))
     return event_data
-    
   
   def ParseFileObject(self, parser_mediator, file_object, **kwargs):
     """Parses a JPEG file.
@@ -268,7 +268,8 @@ def ParseFileObject(self, parser_mediator, file_object, **kwargs):
       WrongParser: ...
     """
 
-    event_data = self._ExtractExifMetadata(file_object)
+    parsed_jpeg_exif = self._ExtractExifMetadata(file_object)
+    event_data = self._BuildEventData(parsed_jpeg_exif)
     parser_mediator.ProduceEventData(event_data)
 
 manager.ParsersManager.RegisterParser(JpegExifParser)

From 1ebd9a0a2608627e1422f14838adc85897a0780c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: osku <ossi.vaananen@me.com>
Date: Sun, 15 Dec 2024 15:16:40 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 04/10] The JPEG EXIF parser is now inline and defined inside
 the _ExtractExifMetadata method

---
 plaso/parsers/jpeg_exif.py | 391 +++++++++++++++++++------------------
 1 file changed, 197 insertions(+), 194 deletions(-)

diff --git a/plaso/parsers/jpeg_exif.py b/plaso/parsers/jpeg_exif.py
index 72f528f70c..d120d10545 100644
--- a/plaso/parsers/jpeg_exif.py
+++ b/plaso/parsers/jpeg_exif.py
@@ -11,183 +11,6 @@
 import struct # for inline exif parser
 
 # Mapping of Exif tag IDs to human-readable names
-exiftags = {
-  0x0100: "Image Width",
-  0x0101: "Image Height",
-  0x0102: "Bits per Sample",
-  0x0103: "Compression",
-  0x0106: "Photometric Interpre",
-  0x010f: "Manufacturer",
-  0x0110: "Model",
-  0x0112: "Orientation",
-  0x0115: "Samples per Pixel",
-  0x011a: "X-Resolution",
-  0x011b: "Y-Resolution",
-  0x011c: "Planar Configuration",
-  0x0128: "Resolution Unit",
-  0x0131: "Software",
-  0x0132: "Date and Time",
-  0x014a: "SubIFD Offsets",
-  0x02bc: "XML Packet",
-  0x829a: "Exposure Time",
-  0x829d: "F-Number",
-  0x8822: "Exposure Program",
-  0x8827: "ISO Speed Ratings",
-  0x9000: "Exif Version",
-  0x9003: "Date and Time",
-  0x9004: "Date and Time (modified)",
-  0x9204: "Exposure Bias",
-  0x9205: "Maximum Aperture Val",
-  0x9207: "Metering Mode",
-  0x9208: "Light Source",
-  0x9209: "Flash",
-  0x920a: "Focal Length",
-  0xa300: "File Source",
-  0xa301: "Scene Type",
-  0xa402: "Exposure Mode",
-  0xa403: "White Balance",
-  0xa404: "Digital Zoom Ratio",
-  0xa405: "Focal Length in 35mm",
-  0xa406: "Scene Capture Type",
-  0xa407: "Gain Control",
-  0xa408: "Contrast",
-  0xa409: "Saturation",
-  0xa40a: "Sharpness",
-  0xa431: "Body Serial Number",
-  0xa432: "Lens Specification",
-  0xa000: "FlashPixVersion",
-  0xa001: "Color Space",
-  0x0000: "GPS Tag Version",
-  0x0001: "Latitude Reference",
-  0x0002: "Latitude",
-  0x0003: "Longitude Reference",
-  0x0004: "Longitude",
-  0x0005: "Altitude Reference",
-  0x0006: "Altitude",
-  0x0009: "GPS Receiver Status",
-  0x0012: "Geodetic Survey Data",
-  0xc62f: "Body Serial Number",
-  0xc614: "Make and Model"
-}
-
-def parse_exif(file_object):
-  data = file_object.read()
-
-  # Verify JPEG SOI marker
-  if data[:2] != b'\xFF\xD8':
-    raise ValueError("Not a valid JPEG file")
-
-  # Look for APP1 (Exif) marker
-  offset = 2
-  while offset < len(data):
-    marker, length = struct.unpack(">2sH", data[offset:offset+4])
-    if marker == b'\xFF\xE1':  # APP1 marker
-      exif_data = data[offset+4:offset+4+length-2]  # Skip the marker length
-      if exif_data[:6] == b'Exif\x00\x00':
-        return parse_tiff(exif_data[6:])
-    offset += length + 2
-
-  raise ValueError("Exif data not found")
-
-def parse_tiff(data):
-  # Verify TIFF header
-  endianness = data[:2]
-  if endianness == b'II':  # Little endian
-    endian = "<"
-  elif endianness == b'MM':  # Big endian
-    endian = ">"
-  else:
-    raise ValueError("Invalid TIFF header")
-
-  # Verify TIFF magic number
-  magic_number = struct.unpack(endian + "H", data[2:4])[0]
-  if magic_number != 0x002A:
-    raise ValueError("Invalid TIFF magic number")
-
-  # Get offset to first IFD (Image File Directory)
-  ifd_offset = struct.unpack(endian + "I", data[4:8])[0]
-
-  # Parse IFD
-  return parse_ifd(data, ifd_offset, endian, base_offset=0)
-
-def parse_ifd(data, offset, endian, base_offset):
-  # Number of directory entries
-  num_entries = struct.unpack(endian + "H", data[offset:offset+2])[0]
-  entries = {}
-  for i in range(num_entries):
-    entry_offset = offset + 2 + i * 12
-    tag, tag_type, count, value_offset = struct.unpack(endian + "HHII", data[entry_offset:entry_offset+12])
-
-    # Interpret the value based on the tag type
-    absolute_offset = base_offset + value_offset
-    # short strings! they are inline after the entry offset values
-    if tag_type == 2 and count * size_of_type(tag_type) <= 4:
-      value = data[entry_offset+8:entry_offset+8+count].rstrip(b'\x00').decode('ascii','ignore')
-    elif count * size_of_type(tag_type) <= 4:  # other inline data
-      value = extract_inline_data(value_offset, tag_type, endian)
-    else:  # Normal data at offset
-      value = extract_value(data, absolute_offset, tag_type, count, endian)
-      if tag == 0x0002 or tag == 0x0004 : #gps latlon, convert from deg/min/sec to decimal degrees
-        value = value[0] + value[1] / 60.0 + value[2] / 3600.0
-      elif count==1:
-        value=value[0]
-
-    # Check for subdirectories (ExifIFDPointer, GPSInfo)
-    if tag == 0x8769 or tag == 0x8825:  # Subdirectory pointers
-      sub_ifd = parse_ifd(data, base_offset + value_offset, endian, base_offset)
-      entries.update(sub_ifd)
-    else:
-      entries[tag] = value
-
-  return entries
-
-def size_of_type(tag_type):
-  sizes = {1: 1, 2: 1, 3: 2, 4: 4, 5: 8}  # BYTE, ASCII, SHORT, LONG, RATIONAL
-  return sizes.get(tag_type, 0)
-
-def extract_inline_data(value_offset, tag_type, endian):
-  if tag_type == 3:  # SHORT
-    return struct.unpack(endian + "H", struct.pack(endian + "I", value_offset)[:2])[0]
-  elif tag_type == 4:  # LONG
-    return struct.unpack(endian + "I", struct.pack(endian + "I", value_offset))[0]
-  elif tag_type == 1:  # BYTE
-    return value_offset & 0xFF
-  elif tag_type == 2:  # ASCII
-    return chr(value_offset & 0xFF)  # Interpret a single byte as ASCII
-  return value_offset
-
-def format_value(tag, value, tag_type, count, endian):
-  if tag_type == 2:  # ASCII
-    return value if isinstance(value, str) else "".join(map(chr, value))
-  elif tag_type == 3 or tag_type == 4:  # SHORT or LONG
-    return value# if count > 1 else value[0]
-  elif tag_type == 5:  # RATIONAL
-    return [f"{num}/{den}" for num, den in value]
-  return value
-
-def extract_value(data, offset, tag_type, count, endian):
-  if tag_type == 1:  # BYTE
-    return data[offset:offset+count]
-  elif tag_type == 2:  # ASCII
-    return data[offset:offset+count].rstrip(b'\x00').decode('utf-8')
-  elif tag_type == 3:  # SHORT (2 bytes)
-    return struct.unpack(endian + f"{count}H", data[offset:offset+count*2])
-  elif tag_type == 4:  # LONG (4 bytes)
-    return struct.unpack(endian + f"{count}I", data[offset:offset+count*4])
-  elif tag_type == 5:  # RATIONAL (two LONGs: numerator/denominator)
-    # Extract all LONGs (numerator/denominator pairs)
-    raw_values = struct.unpack(endian + f"{count * 2}I", data[offset:offset + count * 8])
-    # Convert to floats (numerator/denominator)
-    return [raw_values[i] / raw_values[i + 1] if raw_values[i + 1] != 0 else None for i in range(0, len(raw_values), 2)]
-  return None
-
-def annotated_exif(values):
-  r = {}
-  for tag, value in values.items():
-    tag_name = exiftags.get(tag, f"Unknown tag ({hex(tag)})")
-    if tag_name == 'XML Packet':continue
-    r[tag_name] = value
-  return r
 
 
 class JpegExifEventData(events.EventData):
@@ -232,29 +55,209 @@ class JpegExifParser(interface.FileObjectParser):
   DATA_FORMAT = 'JPEG file'
 
   def _ExtractExifMetadata(self, file_object):
-    return parse_exif(file_object)
-
-  def _BuildEventData(self, parsed_jpeg_exif):
-    ed = annotated_exif(parsed_jpeg_exif)
+    """Parses EXIF metadata embedded in a JPEG file. Returns a dictionary of the values found."""
+    exiftags = {
+      0x0100: "Image Width",
+      0x0101: "Image Height",
+      0x0102: "Bits per Sample",
+      0x0103: "Compression",
+      0x0106: "Photometric Interpre",
+      0x010f: "Manufacturer",
+      0x0110: "Model",
+      0x0112: "Orientation",
+      0x0115: "Samples per Pixel",
+      0x011a: "X-Resolution",
+      0x011b: "Y-Resolution",
+      0x011c: "Planar Configuration",
+      0x0128: "Resolution Unit",
+      0x0131: "Software",
+      0x0132: "Date and Time",
+      0x014a: "SubIFD Offsets",
+      0x02bc: "XML Packet",
+      0x829a: "Exposure Time",
+      0x829d: "F-Number",
+      0x8822: "Exposure Program",
+      0x8827: "ISO Speed Ratings",
+      0x9000: "Exif Version",
+      0x9003: "Date and Time",
+      0x9004: "Date and Time (modified)",
+      0x9204: "Exposure Bias",
+      0x9205: "Maximum Aperture Val",
+      0x9207: "Metering Mode",
+      0x9208: "Light Source",
+      0x9209: "Flash",
+      0x920a: "Focal Length",
+      0xa300: "File Source",
+      0xa301: "Scene Type",
+      0xa402: "Exposure Mode",
+      0xa403: "White Balance",
+      0xa404: "Digital Zoom Ratio",
+      0xa405: "Focal Length in 35mm",
+      0xa406: "Scene Capture Type",
+      0xa407: "Gain Control",
+      0xa408: "Contrast",
+      0xa409: "Saturation",
+      0xa40a: "Sharpness",
+      0xa431: "Body Serial Number",
+      0xa432: "Lens Specification",
+      0xa000: "FlashPixVersion",
+      0xa001: "Color Space",
+      0x0000: "GPS Tag Version",
+      0x0001: "Latitude Reference",
+      0x0002: "Latitude",
+      0x0003: "Longitude Reference",
+      0x0004: "Longitude",
+      0x0005: "Altitude Reference",
+      0x0006: "Altitude",
+      0x0009: "GPS Receiver Status",
+      0x0012: "Geodetic Survey Data",
+      0xc62f: "Body Serial Number",
+      0xc614: "Make and Model"
+    }
+
+    def parse_exif(file_object):
+      data = file_object.read()
+
+      # Verify JPEG SOI marker
+      if data[:2] != b'\xFF\xD8':
+        raise ValueError("Not a valid JPEG file")
+
+      # Look for APP1 (Exif) marker
+      offset = 2
+      while offset < len(data):
+        marker, length = struct.unpack(">2sH", data[offset:offset+4])
+        if marker == b'\xFF\xE1':  # APP1 marker
+          exif_data = data[offset+4:offset+4+length-2]  # Skip the marker length
+          if exif_data[:6] == b'Exif\x00\x00':
+            return parse_tiff(exif_data[6:])
+        offset += length + 2
+
+      raise ValueError("Exif data not found")
+
+    def parse_tiff(data):
+      # Verify TIFF header
+      endianness = data[:2]
+      if endianness == b'II':  # Little endian
+        endian = "<"
+      elif endianness == b'MM':  # Big endian
+        endian = ">"
+      else:
+        raise ValueError("Invalid TIFF header")
+
+      # Verify TIFF magic number
+      magic_number = struct.unpack(endian + "H", data[2:4])[0]
+      if magic_number != 0x002A:
+        raise ValueError("Invalid TIFF magic number")
+
+      # Get offset to first IFD (Image File Directory)
+      ifd_offset = struct.unpack(endian + "I", data[4:8])[0]
+
+      # Parse IFD
+      return parse_ifd(data, ifd_offset, endian, base_offset=0)
+
+    def parse_ifd(data, offset, endian, base_offset):
+      # Number of directory entries
+      num_entries = struct.unpack(endian + "H", data[offset:offset+2])[0]
+      entries = {}
+      for i in range(num_entries):
+        entry_offset = offset + 2 + i * 12
+        tag, tag_type, count, value_offset = struct.unpack(endian + "HHII", data[entry_offset:entry_offset+12])
+
+        # Interpret the value based on the tag type
+        absolute_offset = base_offset + value_offset
+        # short strings! they are inline after the entry offset values
+        if tag_type == 2 and count * size_of_type(tag_type) <= 4:
+          value = data[entry_offset+8:entry_offset+8+count].rstrip(b'\x00').decode('ascii','ignore')
+        elif count * size_of_type(tag_type) <= 4:  # other inline data
+          value = extract_inline_data(value_offset, tag_type, endian)
+        else:  # Normal data at offset
+          value = extract_value(data, absolute_offset, tag_type, count, endian)
+          if tag == 0x0002 or tag == 0x0004 : #gps latlon, convert from deg/min/sec to decimal degrees
+            value = value[0] + value[1] / 60.0 + value[2] / 3600.0
+          elif count==1:
+            value=value[0]
+
+        # Check for subdirectories (ExifIFDPointer, GPSInfo)
+        if tag == 0x8769 or tag == 0x8825:  # Subdirectory pointers
+          sub_ifd = parse_ifd(data, base_offset + value_offset, endian, base_offset)
+          entries.update(sub_ifd)
+        else:
+          entries[tag] = value
+
+      return entries
+
+    def size_of_type(tag_type):
+      sizes = {1: 1, 2: 1, 3: 2, 4: 4, 5: 8}  # BYTE, ASCII, SHORT, LONG, RATIONAL
+      return sizes.get(tag_type, 0)
+
+    def extract_inline_data(value_offset, tag_type, endian):
+      if tag_type == 3:  # SHORT
+        return struct.unpack(endian + "H", struct.pack(endian + "I", value_offset)[:2])[0]
+      elif tag_type == 4:  # LONG
+        return struct.unpack(endian + "I", struct.pack(endian + "I", value_offset))[0]
+      elif tag_type == 1:  # BYTE
+        return value_offset & 0xFF
+      elif tag_type == 2:  # ASCII
+        return chr(value_offset & 0xFF)  # Interpret a single byte as ASCII
+      return value_offset
+
+    def format_value(tag, value, tag_type, count, endian):
+      if tag_type == 2:  # ASCII
+        return value if isinstance(value, str) else "".join(map(chr, value))
+      elif tag_type == 3 or tag_type == 4:  # SHORT or LONG
+        return value# if count > 1 else value[0]
+      elif tag_type == 5:  # RATIONAL
+        return [f"{num}/{den}" for num, den in value]
+      return value
+
+    def extract_value(data, offset, tag_type, count, endian):
+      if tag_type == 1:  # BYTE
+        return data[offset:offset+count]
+      elif tag_type == 2:  # ASCII
+        return data[offset:offset+count].rstrip(b'\x00').decode('utf-8')
+      elif tag_type == 3:  # SHORT (2 bytes)
+        return struct.unpack(endian + f"{count}H", data[offset:offset+count*2])
+      elif tag_type == 4:  # LONG (4 bytes)
+        return struct.unpack(endian + f"{count}I", data[offset:offset+count*4])
+      elif tag_type == 5:  # RATIONAL (two LONGs: numerator/denominator)
+        # Extract all LONGs (numerator/denominator pairs)
+        raw_values = struct.unpack(endian + f"{count * 2}I", data[offset:offset + count * 8])
+        # Convert to floats (numerator/denominator)
+        return [raw_values[i] / raw_values[i + 1] if raw_values[i + 1] != 0 else None for i in range(0, len(raw_values), 2)]
+      return None
+
+    def annotated_exif(values):
+      r = {}
+      for tag, value in values.items():
+        tag_name = exiftags.get(tag, f"Unknown tag ({hex(tag)})")
+        if tag_name == 'XML Packet':continue
+        r[tag_name] = value
+      return r
+
+    return annotated_exif(parse_exif(file_object))
+
+  def _BuildEventData(self, annotated_exif):
     event_data = JpegExifEventData()
     
     key = 'Date and Time'
-    if key in ed.keys():
-      ts = str(ed.get(key))
+    if key in annotated_exif.keys():
+      ts = str(annotated_exif.get(key))
       dt = datetime.strptime(ts, "%Y:%m:%d %H:%M:%S")
       posix_timestamp = int(dt.timestamp())
       event_data.exif_datetime = dfdatetime_posix_time.PosixTime(timestamp=posix_timestamp)
-    event_data.makeandmodel = ed.get('Make and Model', 'Unknown')
-    event_data.manufacturer = ed.get('Manufacturer', 'Unknown')
-    event_data.model = str(ed.get('Model'))
-    event_data.xres = str(ed.get('X-Resolution'))
-    event_data.yres = str(ed.get('Y-Resolution'))
-    event_data.width = ed.get('Image Width')
-    event_data.height = ed.get('Image Height')
-    event_data.software = str(ed.get('Software'))
-    event_data.bodyserialnumber = str(ed.get('Body Serial Number'))
-    event_data.latitude = "%2.5f%s"%(ed.get('Latitude', 0.0), ed.get('Latitude Reference',''))
-    event_data.longitude = "%2.5f%s"%(ed.get('Longitude', 0.0), ed.get('Longitude Reference', ''))
+    event_data.makeandmodel = annotated_exif.get('Make and Model', 'Unknown')
+    event_data.manufacturer = annotated_exif.get('Manufacturer', 'Unknown')
+    event_data.model = str(annotated_exif.get('Model'))
+    event_data.xres = str(annotated_exif.get('X-Resolution'))
+    event_data.yres = str(annotated_exif.get('Y-Resolution'))
+    event_data.width = annotated_exif.get('Image Width')
+    event_data.height = annotated_exif.get('Image Height')
+    event_data.software = str(annotated_exif.get('Software'))
+    event_data.bodyserialnumber = str(annotated_exif.get('Body Serial Number'))
+    event_data.latitude = "%2.5f%s"%(annotated_exif.get('Latitude', 0.0),
+                                     annotated_exif.get('Latitude Reference',''))
+    event_data.longitude = "%2.5f%s"%(annotated_exif.get('Longitude', 0.0),
+                                      annotated_exif.get('Longitude Reference', ''))
     return event_data
   
   def ParseFileObject(self, parser_mediator, file_object, **kwargs):

From f5a58b07a0988e60b7d9b517c7c3e276d5ea7019 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: osku <ossi.vaananen@me.com>
Date: Tue, 17 Dec 2024 15:55:45 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 05/10] Raise WrongParser error when attempting to parse
 anything than JPEG files

---
 plaso/parsers/jpeg_exif.py | 6 +++++-
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/plaso/parsers/jpeg_exif.py b/plaso/parsers/jpeg_exif.py
index d120d10545..954c3fda90 100644
--- a/plaso/parsers/jpeg_exif.py
+++ b/plaso/parsers/jpeg_exif.py
@@ -271,7 +271,11 @@ def ParseFileObject(self, parser_mediator, file_object, **kwargs):
       WrongParser: ...
     """
 
-    parsed_jpeg_exif = self._ExtractExifMetadata(file_object)
+    try:
+      parsed_jpeg_exif = self._ExtractExifMetadata(file_object)
+    except ValueError as exception:
+      raise errors.WrongParser(
+        'Unable to parse a JPEG file: {0!s}'.format(exception))
     event_data = self._BuildEventData(parsed_jpeg_exif)
     parser_mediator.ProduceEventData(event_data)
 

From 2e79c734da33c69f9146413e5c23a5c215170dcd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: osku <ossi.vaananen@me.com>
Date: Tue, 17 Dec 2024 19:19:07 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 06/10] fixed import

---
 plaso/parsers/jpeg_exif.py | 2 ++
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)

diff --git a/plaso/parsers/jpeg_exif.py b/plaso/parsers/jpeg_exif.py
index 954c3fda90..ce28a40ced 100644
--- a/plaso/parsers/jpeg_exif.py
+++ b/plaso/parsers/jpeg_exif.py
@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@
 from plaso.parsers import manager
 from plaso.containers import events
 
+from plaso.lib import errors
+
 from datetime import datetime
 from dfdatetime import posix_time as dfdatetime_posix_time
 

From 961afbf61b7dcb7ad2b2f6966ed2e871bb3c5e24 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Joachim Metz <joachim.metz@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 11 May 2026 07:15:10 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 07/10] Changes after rebase

---
 plaso/parsers/jpeg_exif.py | 3 +--
 tests/parsers/jpeg_exif.py | 1 -
 2 files changed, 1 insertion(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/plaso/parsers/jpeg_exif.py b/plaso/parsers/jpeg_exif.py
index ce28a40ced..cc6837a63f 100644
--- a/plaso/parsers/jpeg_exif.py
+++ b/plaso/parsers/jpeg_exif.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 """Parser for JPG exif data."""
 
 from plaso.parsers import interface
@@ -36,7 +35,7 @@ class JpegExifEventData(events.EventData):
   
   def __init__(self):
     """Initializes a JpegExif event data."""
-    super(JpegExifEventData, self).__init__(data_type=self.DATA_TYPE)
+    super().__init__(data_type=self.DATA_TYPE)
     self.exif_datetime = None
     self.width = None
     self.height = None
diff --git a/tests/parsers/jpeg_exif.py b/tests/parsers/jpeg_exif.py
index 05e3d574a3..b5bb1fe790 100644
--- a/tests/parsers/jpeg_exif.py
+++ b/tests/parsers/jpeg_exif.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 """Tests for the JPEG EXIF parser."""
 
 import unittest

From 20d9c9a28a7c94b0d7f5a9a78c41e9e27687f87e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Joachim Metz <joachim.metz@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 11 May 2026 08:13:46 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 08/10] Addressed linter warnings

---
 plaso/parsers/jpeg_exif.py | 592 ++++++++++++++++++++++---------------
 tests/parsers/jpeg_exif.py |   7 +-
 2 files changed, 361 insertions(+), 238 deletions(-)

diff --git a/plaso/parsers/jpeg_exif.py b/plaso/parsers/jpeg_exif.py
index cc6837a63f..5e994ac8ed 100644
--- a/plaso/parsers/jpeg_exif.py
+++ b/plaso/parsers/jpeg_exif.py
@@ -1,284 +1,408 @@
-"""Parser for JPG exif data."""
+"""Parser for Exchangeable Image File Format (EXIF) data in JPEG files."""
 
-from plaso.parsers import interface
-from plaso.parsers import manager
-from plaso.containers import events
-
-from plaso.lib import errors
+import struct
 
 from datetime import datetime
-from dfdatetime import posix_time as dfdatetime_posix_time
 
-import struct # for inline exif parser
+from dfdatetime import posix_time as dfdatetime_posix_time
 
-# Mapping of Exif tag IDs to human-readable names
+from plaso.parsers import interface
+from plaso.parsers import manager
+from plaso.containers import events
+from plaso.lib import errors
 
 
 class JpegExifEventData(events.EventData):
   """JPEG EXIF event data.
 
   Attributes:
-    exif_datetime (dfdatetime.DateTimeValues): exif datetime
-    image_width: image width
-    image_height: image height
-    software: software
-    xres: X resolution
-    yres: Y resolution
-    manufacturer: Manufacturer/Make
-    model: Model
-    latitude: Latitude
-    longitude: Longitude
-    bodyserialnumber: Body serial number
+    bodyserialnumber (TODO): Body serial number.
+    exif_datetime (dfdatetime.DateTimeValues): exif datetime.
+    image_height (TODO): image height.
+    image_width (TODO): image width.
+    latitude (TODO): Latitude.
+    longitude (TODO): Longitude.
+    makeandmodel (TODO): Make and model.
+    manufacturer (TODO): Manufacturer/Make.
+    model (TODO): Model.
+    software (TODO): software.
+    xres (float): X resolution.
+    yres (float): Y resolution.
   """
-  
+
   DATA_TYPE = 'jpeg:exif'
-  
+
   def __init__(self):
-    """Initializes a JpegExif event data."""
+    """Initializes event data."""
     super().__init__(data_type=self.DATA_TYPE)
+    self.bodyserialnumber = None
     self.exif_datetime = None
-    self.width = None
     self.height = None
+    self.latitude = None
+    self.longitude = None
+    self.makeandmodel = None
+    self.manufacturer = None
+    self.model = None
     self.software = None
+    self.width = None
     self.xres = None
     self.yres = None
-    self.manufacturer = None
-    self.model = None
-    self.latitude = None
-    self.longitude = None
-    self.bodyserialnumber = None
 
-    
+
 class JpegExifParser(interface.FileObjectParser):
   """Parser for JPEG EXIF data"""
 
   NAME='jpeg_exif'
   DATA_FORMAT = 'JPEG file'
 
-  def _ExtractExifMetadata(self, file_object):
-    """Parses EXIF metadata embedded in a JPEG file. Returns a dictionary of the values found."""
-    exiftags = {
-      0x0100: "Image Width",
-      0x0101: "Image Height",
-      0x0102: "Bits per Sample",
-      0x0103: "Compression",
-      0x0106: "Photometric Interpre",
-      0x010f: "Manufacturer",
-      0x0110: "Model",
-      0x0112: "Orientation",
-      0x0115: "Samples per Pixel",
-      0x011a: "X-Resolution",
-      0x011b: "Y-Resolution",
-      0x011c: "Planar Configuration",
-      0x0128: "Resolution Unit",
-      0x0131: "Software",
-      0x0132: "Date and Time",
-      0x014a: "SubIFD Offsets",
-      0x02bc: "XML Packet",
-      0x829a: "Exposure Time",
-      0x829d: "F-Number",
-      0x8822: "Exposure Program",
-      0x8827: "ISO Speed Ratings",
-      0x9000: "Exif Version",
-      0x9003: "Date and Time",
-      0x9004: "Date and Time (modified)",
-      0x9204: "Exposure Bias",
-      0x9205: "Maximum Aperture Val",
-      0x9207: "Metering Mode",
-      0x9208: "Light Source",
-      0x9209: "Flash",
-      0x920a: "Focal Length",
-      0xa300: "File Source",
-      0xa301: "Scene Type",
-      0xa402: "Exposure Mode",
-      0xa403: "White Balance",
-      0xa404: "Digital Zoom Ratio",
-      0xa405: "Focal Length in 35mm",
-      0xa406: "Scene Capture Type",
-      0xa407: "Gain Control",
-      0xa408: "Contrast",
-      0xa409: "Saturation",
-      0xa40a: "Sharpness",
-      0xa431: "Body Serial Number",
-      0xa432: "Lens Specification",
-      0xa000: "FlashPixVersion",
-      0xa001: "Color Space",
-      0x0000: "GPS Tag Version",
-      0x0001: "Latitude Reference",
-      0x0002: "Latitude",
-      0x0003: "Longitude Reference",
-      0x0004: "Longitude",
-      0x0005: "Altitude Reference",
-      0x0006: "Altitude",
-      0x0009: "GPS Receiver Status",
-      0x0012: "Geodetic Survey Data",
-      0xc62f: "Body Serial Number",
-      0xc614: "Make and Model"
-    }
-
-    def parse_exif(file_object):
-      data = file_object.read()
-
-      # Verify JPEG SOI marker
-      if data[:2] != b'\xFF\xD8':
-        raise ValueError("Not a valid JPEG file")
-
-      # Look for APP1 (Exif) marker
-      offset = 2
-      while offset < len(data):
-        marker, length = struct.unpack(">2sH", data[offset:offset+4])
-        if marker == b'\xFF\xE1':  # APP1 marker
-          exif_data = data[offset+4:offset+4+length-2]  # Skip the marker length
-          if exif_data[:6] == b'Exif\x00\x00':
-            return parse_tiff(exif_data[6:])
-        offset += length + 2
-
-      raise ValueError("Exif data not found")
-
-    def parse_tiff(data):
-      # Verify TIFF header
-      endianness = data[:2]
-      if endianness == b'II':  # Little endian
-        endian = "<"
-      elif endianness == b'MM':  # Big endian
-        endian = ">"
+  _EXIF_TAGS = {
+      0x0000: 'GPS Tag Version',
+      0x0001: 'Latitude Reference',
+      0x0002: 'Latitude',
+      0x0003: 'Longitude Reference',
+      0x0004: 'Longitude',
+      0x0005: 'Altitude Reference',
+      0x0006: 'Altitude',
+      0x0009: 'GPS Receiver Status',
+      0x0012: 'Geodetic Survey Data',
+      0x0100: 'Image Width',
+      0x0101: 'Image Height',
+      0x0102: 'Bits per Sample',
+      0x0103: 'Compression',
+      0x0106: 'Photometric Interpre',
+      0x010f: 'Manufacturer',
+      0x0110: 'Model',
+      0x0112: 'Orientation',
+      0x0115: 'Samples per Pixel',
+      0x011a: 'X-Resolution',
+      0x011b: 'Y-Resolution',
+      0x011c: 'Planar Configuration',
+      0x0128: 'Resolution Unit',
+      0x0131: 'Software',
+      0x0132: 'Date and Time',
+      0x014a: 'SubIFD Offsets',
+      0x02bc: 'XML Packet',
+      0x829a: 'Exposure Time',
+      0x829d: 'F-Number',
+      0x8822: 'Exposure Program',
+      0x8827: 'ISO Speed Ratings',
+      0x9000: 'Exif Version',
+      0x9003: 'Date and Time',
+      0x9004: 'Date and Time (modified)',
+      0x9204: 'Exposure Bias',
+      0x9205: 'Maximum Aperture Val',
+      0x9207: 'Metering Mode',
+      0x9208: 'Light Source',
+      0x9209: 'Flash',
+      0x920a: 'Focal Length',
+      0xa000: 'FlashPixVersion',
+      0xa001: 'Color Space',
+      0xa300: 'File Source',
+      0xa301: 'Scene Type',
+      0xa402: 'Exposure Mode',
+      0xa403: 'White Balance',
+      0xa404: 'Digital Zoom Ratio',
+      0xa405: 'Focal Length in 35mm',
+      0xa406: 'Scene Capture Type',
+      0xa407: 'Gain Control',
+      0xa408: 'Contrast',
+      0xa409: 'Saturation',
+      0xa40a: 'Sharpness',
+      0xa431: 'Body Serial Number',
+      0xa432: 'Lens Specification',
+      0xc614: 'Make and Model',
+      0xc62f: 'Body Serial Number'}
+
+  def _GetAnnotatedExif(self, values):
+    """TODO.
+
+    Args:
+      values (TODO): TODO.
+
+    Returns:
+      TODO: TODO.
+    """
+    r = {}
+    for tag, value in values.items():
+      tag_name = self._EXIF_TAGS.get(tag, f'Unknown tag ({hex(tag)})')
+      if tag_name == 'XML Packet':
+        continue
+      r[tag_name] = value
+    return r
+
+  def _ExtractInlineData(self, value_offset, tag_type, endian):
+    """TODO.
+
+    Args:
+      value_offset (TODO): TODO.
+      tag_type (TODO): TODO.
+      endian (TODO): TODO.
+
+    Returns:
+      TODO: TODO.
+    """
+    if tag_type == 3:  # SHORT
+      return struct.unpack(
+          endian + 'H', struct.pack(endian + 'I', value_offset)[:2])[0]
+
+    if tag_type == 4:  # LONG
+      return struct.unpack(
+          endian + 'I', struct.pack(endian + 'I', value_offset))[0]
+
+    if tag_type == 1:  # BYTE
+      return value_offset & 0xFF
+
+    if tag_type == 2:  # ASCII
+      return chr(value_offset & 0xFF)  # Interpret a single byte as ASCII
+
+    return value_offset
+
+  def _ExtractValue(self, data, offset, tag_type, count, endian):
+    """TODO.
+
+    Args:
+      data (TODO): TODO.
+      offset (TODO): TODO.
+      tag_type (TODO): TODO.
+      count (TODO): TODO.
+      endian (TODO): TODO.
+
+    Returns:
+      TODO: TODO.
+    """
+    if tag_type == 1:  # BYTE
+      return data[offset:offset+count]
+
+    if tag_type == 2:  # ASCII
+      return data[offset:offset+count].rstrip(b'\x00').decode('utf-8')
+
+    if tag_type == 3:  # SHORT (2 bytes)
+      return struct.unpack(endian + f'{count}H', data[offset:offset+count*2])
+
+    if tag_type == 4:  # LONG (4 bytes)
+      return struct.unpack(endian + f'{count}I', data[offset:offset+count*4])
+
+    if tag_type == 5:  # RATIONAL (two LONGs: numerator/denominator)
+      # Extract all LONGs (numerator/denominator pairs)
+      raw_values = struct.unpack(
+          endian + f'{count * 2}I', data[offset:offset + count * 8])
+      # Convert to floats (numerator/denominator)
+      return (
+          [raw_values[i] / raw_values[i + 1]
+          if raw_values[i + 1] != 0 else None
+          for i in range(0, len(raw_values), 2)])
+
+    return None
+
+  # TODO: not used, remove?
+  def _FormatValue(self, value, tag_type):
+    """TODO.
+
+    Args:
+      value (TODO): TODO.
+      tag_type (TODO): TODO.
+
+    Returns:
+      TODO: TODO.
+    """
+    if tag_type == 2:  # ASCII
+      return value if isinstance(value, str) else ''.join(map(chr, value))
+
+    if tag_type in (3, 4):  # SHORT or LONG
+      return value# if count > 1 else value[0]
+
+    if tag_type == 5:  # RATIONAL
+      return [f'{num}/{den}' for num, den in value]
+
+    return value
+
+  def _ParseExif(self, file_object):
+    """TODO.
+
+    Args:
+      file_object (dfvfs.FileIO): a file-like object.
+
+    Returns:
+      TODO: TODO.
+    """
+    data = file_object.read()
+
+    # Verify JPEG SOI marker
+    if data[:2] != b'\xFF\xD8':
+      raise ValueError('Not a valid JPEG file')
+
+    # Look for APP1 (Exif) marker
+    offset = 2
+    while offset < len(data):
+      marker, length = struct.unpack('>2sH', data[offset:offset+4])
+      if marker == b'\xFF\xE1':  # APP1 marker
+        exif_data = data[offset+4:offset+4+length-2]  # Skip the marker length
+        if exif_data[:6] == b'Exif\x00\x00':
+          return self._ParseTiff(exif_data[6:])
+      offset += length + 2
+
+    raise ValueError('Exif data not found')
+
+  def _ParseIfd(self, data, offset, endian, base_offset):
+    """TODO.
+
+    Args:
+      data (TODO): TODO.
+      offset (TODO): TODO.
+      endian (TODO): TODO.
+      base_offset (TODO): TODO.
+
+    Returns:
+      TODO: TODO.
+    """
+    # Number of directory entries
+    num_entries = struct.unpack(endian + 'H', data[offset:offset+2])[0]
+    entries = {}
+    for i in range(num_entries):
+      entry_offset = offset + 2 + i * 12
+      tag, tag_type, count, value_offset = struct.unpack(
+          endian + 'HHII', data[entry_offset:entry_offset+12])
+
+      # Interpret the value based on the tag type
+      absolute_offset = base_offset + value_offset
+      # short strings! they are inline after the entry offset values
+      if tag_type == 2 and count * self._GetSizeOfType(tag_type) <= 4:
+        value_data = data[entry_offset+8:entry_offset+8+count]
+        value = value_data.rstrip(b'\x00').decode('ascii','ignore')
+
+      elif count * self._GetSizeOfType(tag_type) <= 4:  # other inline data
+        value = self._ExtractInlineData(value_offset, tag_type, endian)
+
+      else:  # Normal data at offset
+        value = self._ExtractValue(
+            data, absolute_offset, tag_type, count, endian)
+        if tag in (0x0002, 0x0004):
+          # gps latlon, convert from deg/min/sec to decimal degrees
+          value = value[0] + value[1] / 60.0 + value[2] / 3600.0
+        elif count==1:
+          value=value[0]
+
+      # Check for subdirectories (ExifIFDPointer, GPSInfo)
+      if tag in (0x8769, 0x8825):  # Subdirectory pointers
+        sub_ifd = self._ParseIfd(
+            data, base_offset + value_offset, endian, base_offset)
+        entries.update(sub_ifd)
       else:
-        raise ValueError("Invalid TIFF header")
-
-      # Verify TIFF magic number
-      magic_number = struct.unpack(endian + "H", data[2:4])[0]
-      if magic_number != 0x002A:
-        raise ValueError("Invalid TIFF magic number")
-
-      # Get offset to first IFD (Image File Directory)
-      ifd_offset = struct.unpack(endian + "I", data[4:8])[0]
-
-      # Parse IFD
-      return parse_ifd(data, ifd_offset, endian, base_offset=0)
-
-    def parse_ifd(data, offset, endian, base_offset):
-      # Number of directory entries
-      num_entries = struct.unpack(endian + "H", data[offset:offset+2])[0]
-      entries = {}
-      for i in range(num_entries):
-        entry_offset = offset + 2 + i * 12
-        tag, tag_type, count, value_offset = struct.unpack(endian + "HHII", data[entry_offset:entry_offset+12])
-
-        # Interpret the value based on the tag type
-        absolute_offset = base_offset + value_offset
-        # short strings! they are inline after the entry offset values
-        if tag_type == 2 and count * size_of_type(tag_type) <= 4:
-          value = data[entry_offset+8:entry_offset+8+count].rstrip(b'\x00').decode('ascii','ignore')
-        elif count * size_of_type(tag_type) <= 4:  # other inline data
-          value = extract_inline_data(value_offset, tag_type, endian)
-        else:  # Normal data at offset
-          value = extract_value(data, absolute_offset, tag_type, count, endian)
-          if tag == 0x0002 or tag == 0x0004 : #gps latlon, convert from deg/min/sec to decimal degrees
-            value = value[0] + value[1] / 60.0 + value[2] / 3600.0
-          elif count==1:
-            value=value[0]
-
-        # Check for subdirectories (ExifIFDPointer, GPSInfo)
-        if tag == 0x8769 or tag == 0x8825:  # Subdirectory pointers
-          sub_ifd = parse_ifd(data, base_offset + value_offset, endian, base_offset)
-          entries.update(sub_ifd)
-        else:
-          entries[tag] = value
-
-      return entries
-
-    def size_of_type(tag_type):
-      sizes = {1: 1, 2: 1, 3: 2, 4: 4, 5: 8}  # BYTE, ASCII, SHORT, LONG, RATIONAL
-      return sizes.get(tag_type, 0)
-
-    def extract_inline_data(value_offset, tag_type, endian):
-      if tag_type == 3:  # SHORT
-        return struct.unpack(endian + "H", struct.pack(endian + "I", value_offset)[:2])[0]
-      elif tag_type == 4:  # LONG
-        return struct.unpack(endian + "I", struct.pack(endian + "I", value_offset))[0]
-      elif tag_type == 1:  # BYTE
-        return value_offset & 0xFF
-      elif tag_type == 2:  # ASCII
-        return chr(value_offset & 0xFF)  # Interpret a single byte as ASCII
-      return value_offset
-
-    def format_value(tag, value, tag_type, count, endian):
-      if tag_type == 2:  # ASCII
-        return value if isinstance(value, str) else "".join(map(chr, value))
-      elif tag_type == 3 or tag_type == 4:  # SHORT or LONG
-        return value# if count > 1 else value[0]
-      elif tag_type == 5:  # RATIONAL
-        return [f"{num}/{den}" for num, den in value]
-      return value
-
-    def extract_value(data, offset, tag_type, count, endian):
-      if tag_type == 1:  # BYTE
-        return data[offset:offset+count]
-      elif tag_type == 2:  # ASCII
-        return data[offset:offset+count].rstrip(b'\x00').decode('utf-8')
-      elif tag_type == 3:  # SHORT (2 bytes)
-        return struct.unpack(endian + f"{count}H", data[offset:offset+count*2])
-      elif tag_type == 4:  # LONG (4 bytes)
-        return struct.unpack(endian + f"{count}I", data[offset:offset+count*4])
-      elif tag_type == 5:  # RATIONAL (two LONGs: numerator/denominator)
-        # Extract all LONGs (numerator/denominator pairs)
-        raw_values = struct.unpack(endian + f"{count * 2}I", data[offset:offset + count * 8])
-        # Convert to floats (numerator/denominator)
-        return [raw_values[i] / raw_values[i + 1] if raw_values[i + 1] != 0 else None for i in range(0, len(raw_values), 2)]
-      return None
-
-    def annotated_exif(values):
-      r = {}
-      for tag, value in values.items():
-        tag_name = exiftags.get(tag, f"Unknown tag ({hex(tag)})")
-        if tag_name == 'XML Packet':continue
-        r[tag_name] = value
-      return r
-
-    return annotated_exif(parse_exif(file_object))
+        entries[tag] = value
+
+    return entries
+
+  def _ParseTiff(self, data):
+    """TODO.
+
+    Args:
+      data (TODO): TODO.
+
+    Returns:
+      TODO: TODO.
+    """
+    # Verify TIFF header
+    endianness = data[:2]
+    if endianness == b'II':  # Little endian
+      endian = '<'
+    elif endianness == b'MM':  # Big endian
+      endian = '>'
+    else:
+      raise ValueError('Invalid TIFF header')
+
+    # Verify TIFF magic number
+    magic_number = struct.unpack(endian + 'H', data[2:4])[0]
+    if magic_number != 0x002A:
+      raise ValueError('Invalid TIFF magic number')
+
+    # Get offset to first IFD (Image File Directory)
+    ifd_offset = struct.unpack(endian + 'I', data[4:8])[0]
+
+    # Parse IFD
+    return self._ParseIfd(data, ifd_offset, endian, base_offset=0)
+
+  def _GetSizeOfType(self, tag_type):
+    """TODO.
+
+    Args:
+      tag_type (TODO): TODO.
+
+    Returns:
+      TODO: TODO.
+    """
+    # BYTE, ASCII, SHORT, LONG, RATIONAL
+    sizes = {1: 1, 2: 1, 3: 2, 4: 4, 5: 8}
+    return sizes.get(tag_type, 0)
+
+  def _ExtractExifMetadata(self, file_object):
+    """Extracts EXIF metadata.
+
+    Args:
+      file_object (dfvfs.FileIO): a file-like object.
+
+    Returns:
+      TODO: TODO
+    """
+    return self._GetAnnotatedExif(self._ParseExif(file_object))
 
   def _BuildEventData(self, annotated_exif):
+    """TODO.
+
+    Args:
+      annotated_exif (TODO): TODO.
+
+    Returns:
+      JpegExifEventData: event data.
+    """
     event_data = JpegExifEventData()
-    
+
     key = 'Date and Time'
     if key in annotated_exif.keys():
       ts = str(annotated_exif.get(key))
-      dt = datetime.strptime(ts, "%Y:%m:%d %H:%M:%S")
+      dt = datetime.strptime(ts, '%Y:%m:%d %H:%M:%S')
       posix_timestamp = int(dt.timestamp())
-      event_data.exif_datetime = dfdatetime_posix_time.PosixTime(timestamp=posix_timestamp)
-    event_data.makeandmodel = annotated_exif.get('Make and Model', 'Unknown')
-    event_data.manufacturer = annotated_exif.get('Manufacturer', 'Unknown')
-    event_data.model = str(annotated_exif.get('Model'))
-    event_data.xres = str(annotated_exif.get('X-Resolution'))
-    event_data.yres = str(annotated_exif.get('Y-Resolution'))
-    event_data.width = annotated_exif.get('Image Width')
+      event_data.exif_datetime = dfdatetime_posix_time.PosixTime(
+          timestamp=posix_timestamp)
+
+    event_data.bodyserialnumber = annotated_exif.get('Body Serial Number')
     event_data.height = annotated_exif.get('Image Height')
-    event_data.software = str(annotated_exif.get('Software'))
-    event_data.bodyserialnumber = str(annotated_exif.get('Body Serial Number'))
-    event_data.latitude = "%2.5f%s"%(annotated_exif.get('Latitude', 0.0),
-                                     annotated_exif.get('Latitude Reference',''))
-    event_data.longitude = "%2.5f%s"%(annotated_exif.get('Longitude', 0.0),
-                                      annotated_exif.get('Longitude Reference', ''))
+    event_data.makeandmodel = annotated_exif.get('Make and Model')
+    event_data.manufacturer = annotated_exif.get('Manufacturer')
+    event_data.model = annotated_exif.get('Model')
+    event_data.software = annotated_exif.get('Software')
+    event_data.width = annotated_exif.get('Image Width')
+    event_data.xres = annotated_exif.get('X-Resolution')
+    event_data.yres = annotated_exif.get('Y-Resolution')
+
+    latitude = annotated_exif.get('Latitude', 0.0)
+    latitude_reference = annotated_exif.get('Latitude Reference', '')
+    longitude = annotated_exif.get('Longitude', 0.0)
+    longitude_reference = annotated_exif.get('Longitude Reference', '')
+
+    event_data.latitude = f'{latitude:2.5f}{latitude_reference:s}'
+    event_data.longitude = f'{longitude:2.5f}{longitude_reference:s}'
+
     return event_data
-  
-  def ParseFileObject(self, parser_mediator, file_object, **kwargs):
-    """Parses a JPEG file.
+
+  def ParseFileObject(self, parser_mediator, file_object):
+    """Parses a JPEG file for EXIF data.
 
     Args:
-      parser_mediator (ParserMediator): parser mediator.
-      file_object (dfvfx.FileIO): file-like object to be parsed.
+      parser_mediator (ParserMediator): mediates interactions between parsers
+          and other components, such as storage and dfVFS.
+      file_object (dfvfs.FileIO): a file-like object.
 
     Raises:
-      WrongParser: ...
+      WrongParser: when the file cannot be parsed.
     """
-
     try:
       parsed_jpeg_exif = self._ExtractExifMetadata(file_object)
     except ValueError as exception:
       raise errors.WrongParser(
-        'Unable to parse a JPEG file: {0!s}'.format(exception))
+          f'Unable to parse a JPEG file with error: {exception!s}')
+
     event_data = self._BuildEventData(parsed_jpeg_exif)
     parser_mediator.ProduceEventData(event_data)
 
-manager.ParsersManager.RegisterParser(JpegExifParser)
 
+manager.ParsersManager.RegisterParser(JpegExifParser)
diff --git a/tests/parsers/jpeg_exif.py b/tests/parsers/jpeg_exif.py
index b5bb1fe790..9292efdd68 100644
--- a/tests/parsers/jpeg_exif.py
+++ b/tests/parsers/jpeg_exif.py
@@ -31,18 +31,17 @@ def testParseFile(self):
     expected_event_values = {
         "bodyserialnumber": "53HQK520M10K6U",
         "data_type": "jpeg:exif",
+        "height": 3016,
         "latitude": "68.87571N",
         "longitude": "27.76492E",
         "manufacturer": "DJI",
         "model": "FC3582",
         "software": "RawTherapee 5.9",
         "width": 4024,
-        "height": 3016,
-        "xres": "300.0",
-        "yres": "300.0"}
+        "xres": 300.0,
+        "yres": 300.0}
 
     event_data = storage_writer.GetAttributeContainerByIndex('event_data', 0)
-    print(str(event_data.__dict__))
     self.CheckEventData(event_data, expected_event_values)
 
 

From c123237ff85b366230d6016c5067d7efbddb01bb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Joachim Metz <joachim.metz@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 11 May 2026 09:11:10 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 09/10] Clean up

---
 plaso/data/formatters/generic.yaml |   2 +-
 plaso/parsers/jpeg_exif.py         | 295 ++++++++++++++---------------
 tests/parsers/jpeg_exif.py         |  24 +--
 3 files changed, 154 insertions(+), 167 deletions(-)

diff --git a/plaso/data/formatters/generic.yaml b/plaso/data/formatters/generic.yaml
index 300600fdde..2896c97fcc 100644
--- a/plaso/data/formatters/generic.yaml
+++ b/plaso/data/formatters/generic.yaml
@@ -495,7 +495,7 @@ message:
 - 'Height: {image_height}'
 - 'Manufacturer: {manufacturer}'
 - 'Model: {model}'
-- 'Serial: {bodyserialnumber}'
+- 'Serial number: {body_serial_number}'
 - 'Software: {software}'
 - 'Latitude: {latitude}'
 - 'Longitude: {longitude}'
diff --git a/plaso/parsers/jpeg_exif.py b/plaso/parsers/jpeg_exif.py
index 5e994ac8ed..bdce8a7ef1 100644
--- a/plaso/parsers/jpeg_exif.py
+++ b/plaso/parsers/jpeg_exif.py
@@ -1,33 +1,32 @@
 """Parser for Exchangeable Image File Format (EXIF) data in JPEG files."""
 
 import struct
+import os
 
-from datetime import datetime
+from dfdatetime import time_elements as dfdatetime_time_elements
 
-from dfdatetime import posix_time as dfdatetime_posix_time
-
-from plaso.parsers import interface
-from plaso.parsers import manager
 from plaso.containers import events
 from plaso.lib import errors
+from plaso.parsers import interface
+from plaso.parsers import manager
 
 
 class JpegExifEventData(events.EventData):
   """JPEG EXIF event data.
 
   Attributes:
-    bodyserialnumber (TODO): Body serial number.
+    body_serial_number (str): Body serial number.
     exif_datetime (dfdatetime.DateTimeValues): exif datetime.
-    image_height (TODO): image height.
-    image_width (TODO): image width.
-    latitude (TODO): Latitude.
-    longitude (TODO): Longitude.
-    makeandmodel (TODO): Make and model.
-    manufacturer (TODO): Manufacturer/Make.
-    model (TODO): Model.
-    software (TODO): software.
-    xres (float): X resolution.
-    yres (float): Y resolution.
+    height (int): image height.
+    latitude (str): Latitude.
+    longitude (str): Longitude.
+    make_and_model (str): Make and model.
+    manufacturer (str): Manufacturer/Make.
+    model (str): Model.
+    software (str): software.
+    width (int): image width.
+    x_resolution (float): X resolution.
+    y_resolution (float): Y resolution.
   """
 
   DATA_TYPE = 'jpeg:exif'
@@ -35,18 +34,18 @@ class JpegExifEventData(events.EventData):
   def __init__(self):
     """Initializes event data."""
     super().__init__(data_type=self.DATA_TYPE)
-    self.bodyserialnumber = None
+    self.body_serial_number = None
     self.exif_datetime = None
     self.height = None
     self.latitude = None
     self.longitude = None
-    self.makeandmodel = None
+    self.make_and_model = None
     self.manufacturer = None
     self.model = None
     self.software = None
     self.width = None
-    self.xres = None
-    self.yres = None
+    self.x_resolution = None
+    self.y_resolution = None
 
 
 class JpegExifParser(interface.FileObjectParser):
@@ -113,6 +112,19 @@ class JpegExifParser(interface.FileObjectParser):
       0xc614: 'Make and Model',
       0xc62f: 'Body Serial Number'}
 
+  _TAG_TYPE_BYTE = 1
+  _TAG_TYPE_ASCII = 2
+  _TAG_TYPE_SHORT = 3
+  _TAG_TYPE_LONG = 4
+  _TAG_TYPE_RATIONAL = 5
+
+  _BYTE_SIZE_PER_TAG_TYPE = {
+      _TAG_TYPE_BYTE: 1,
+      _TAG_TYPE_ASCII: 1,
+      _TAG_TYPE_SHORT: 2,
+      _TAG_TYPE_LONG: 4,
+      _TAG_TYPE_RATIONAL: 8}
+
   def _GetAnnotatedExif(self, values):
     """TODO.
 
@@ -130,152 +142,147 @@ def _GetAnnotatedExif(self, values):
       r[tag_name] = value
     return r
 
-  def _ExtractInlineData(self, value_offset, tag_type, endian):
-    """TODO.
+  def _ExtractInlineData(self, value_offset, tag_type, byte_order):
+    """Extracts inline data.
 
     Args:
       value_offset (TODO): TODO.
-      tag_type (TODO): TODO.
-      endian (TODO): TODO.
+      tag_type (int): tag type.
+      byte_order (str): struct byte-order indicator.
 
     Returns:
-      TODO: TODO.
+      int: value.
     """
-    if tag_type == 3:  # SHORT
-      return struct.unpack(
-          endian + 'H', struct.pack(endian + 'I', value_offset)[:2])[0]
+    if tag_type == self._TAG_TYPE_SHORT:
+      value_data = struct.pack(f'{byte_order:s}I', value_offset)
+      return struct.unpack(f'{byte_order:s}H', value_data[:2])[0]
 
-    if tag_type == 4:  # LONG
-      return struct.unpack(
-          endian + 'I', struct.pack(endian + 'I', value_offset))[0]
+    if tag_type == self._TAG_TYPE_LONG:
+      value_data = struct.pack(f'{byte_order:s}I', value_offset)
+      return struct.unpack(f'{byte_order:s}I', value_data)[0]
 
-    if tag_type == 1:  # BYTE
+    if tag_type == self._TAG_TYPE_BYTE:
       return value_offset & 0xFF
 
-    if tag_type == 2:  # ASCII
+    if tag_type == self._TAG_TYPE_ASCII:
       return chr(value_offset & 0xFF)  # Interpret a single byte as ASCII
 
     return value_offset
 
-  def _ExtractValue(self, data, offset, tag_type, count, endian):
+  def _ExtractValue(self, data, offset, tag_type, count, byte_order):
     """TODO.
 
     Args:
       data (TODO): TODO.
       offset (TODO): TODO.
       tag_type (TODO): TODO.
-      count (TODO): TODO.
-      endian (TODO): TODO.
+      count (int): number of values.
+      byte_order (str): struct byte-order indicator.
 
     Returns:
       TODO: TODO.
     """
-    if tag_type == 1:  # BYTE
+    if tag_type == self._TAG_TYPE_BYTE:
       return data[offset:offset+count]
 
-    if tag_type == 2:  # ASCII
-      return data[offset:offset+count].rstrip(b'\x00').decode('utf-8')
+    if tag_type == self._TAG_TYPE_ASCII:
+      end_offset = offset + count
+      # TODO: catch UnicodeDecodeError
+      return data[offset:end_offset].rstrip(b'\x00').decode('utf-8')
 
-    if tag_type == 3:  # SHORT (2 bytes)
-      return struct.unpack(endian + f'{count}H', data[offset:offset+count*2])
+    if tag_type == self._TAG_TYPE_SHORT:
+      end_offset = offset + (count * 2)
+      return struct.unpack(f'{byte_order:s}{count:d}H', data[offset:end_offset])
 
-    if tag_type == 4:  # LONG (4 bytes)
-      return struct.unpack(endian + f'{count}I', data[offset:offset+count*4])
+    if tag_type == self._TAG_TYPE_LONG:
+      end_offset = offset + (count * 4)
+      return struct.unpack(f'{byte_order:s}{count:d}I', data[offset:end_offset])
 
-    if tag_type == 5:  # RATIONAL (two LONGs: numerator/denominator)
+    if tag_type == self._TAG_TYPE_RATIONAL:
+      # A rational consist of 2 LONG values: numerator and denominator
       # Extract all LONGs (numerator/denominator pairs)
+      end_offset = offset + (count * 8)
       raw_values = struct.unpack(
-          endian + f'{count * 2}I', data[offset:offset + count * 8])
+          f'{byte_order:s}{count * 2}I', data[offset:end_offset])
+
       # Convert to floats (numerator/denominator)
-      return (
-          [raw_values[i] / raw_values[i + 1]
+      return [
+          raw_values[i] / raw_values[i + 1]
           if raw_values[i + 1] != 0 else None
-          for i in range(0, len(raw_values), 2)])
+          for i in range(0, len(raw_values), 2)]
 
     return None
 
-  # TODO: not used, remove?
-  def _FormatValue(self, value, tag_type):
-    """TODO.
-
-    Args:
-      value (TODO): TODO.
-      tag_type (TODO): TODO.
-
-    Returns:
-      TODO: TODO.
-    """
-    if tag_type == 2:  # ASCII
-      return value if isinstance(value, str) else ''.join(map(chr, value))
-
-    if tag_type in (3, 4):  # SHORT or LONG
-      return value# if count > 1 else value[0]
-
-    if tag_type == 5:  # RATIONAL
-      return [f'{num}/{den}' for num, den in value]
-
-    return value
-
   def _ParseExif(self, file_object):
-    """TODO.
+    """Extracts EXIF data.
 
     Args:
       file_object (dfvfs.FileIO): a file-like object.
 
     Returns:
       TODO: TODO.
+
+    Raises:
+      ValueError: if the EXIF data could not be extracted.
     """
+    # TODO: this can fill the memory if the file is too large.
     data = file_object.read()
-
-    # Verify JPEG SOI marker
-    if data[:2] != b'\xFF\xD8':
-      raise ValueError('Not a valid JPEG file')
+    data_size = len(data)
 
     # Look for APP1 (Exif) marker
     offset = 2
-    while offset < len(data):
-      marker, length = struct.unpack('>2sH', data[offset:offset+4])
+    while offset < data_size:
+      end_offset = offset + 4
+      marker, length = struct.unpack('>2sH', data[offset:end_offset])
+
       if marker == b'\xFF\xE1':  # APP1 marker
         exif_data = data[offset+4:offset+4+length-2]  # Skip the marker length
         if exif_data[:6] == b'Exif\x00\x00':
           return self._ParseTiff(exif_data[6:])
+
       offset += length + 2
 
     raise ValueError('Exif data not found')
 
-  def _ParseIfd(self, data, offset, endian, base_offset):
+  def _ParseIfd(self, data, offset, byte_order, base_offset):
     """TODO.
 
     Args:
       data (TODO): TODO.
       offset (TODO): TODO.
-      endian (TODO): TODO.
+      byte_order (str): struct byte-order indicator.
       base_offset (TODO): TODO.
 
     Returns:
       TODO: TODO.
     """
     # Number of directory entries
-    num_entries = struct.unpack(endian + 'H', data[offset:offset+2])[0]
+    end_offset = offset + 2
+    num_entries = struct.unpack(f'{byte_order:s}H', data[offset:end_offset])[0]
     entries = {}
     for i in range(num_entries):
       entry_offset = offset + 2 + i * 12
+      end_offset = entry_offset + 12
       tag, tag_type, count, value_offset = struct.unpack(
-          endian + 'HHII', data[entry_offset:entry_offset+12])
+          f'{byte_order:s}HHII', data[entry_offset:end_offset])
 
       # Interpret the value based on the tag type
       absolute_offset = base_offset + value_offset
       # short strings! they are inline after the entry offset values
-      if tag_type == 2 and count * self._GetSizeOfType(tag_type) <= 4:
+
+      # TODO: tracker parser warning if tag type not supported.
+      byte_size = self._BYTE_SIZE_PER_TAG_TYPE.get(tag_type, 0)
+
+      if tag_type == 2 and count * byte_size <= 4:
         value_data = data[entry_offset+8:entry_offset+8+count]
         value = value_data.rstrip(b'\x00').decode('ascii','ignore')
 
-      elif count * self._GetSizeOfType(tag_type) <= 4:  # other inline data
-        value = self._ExtractInlineData(value_offset, tag_type, endian)
+      elif count * byte_size <= 4:  # other inline data
+        value = self._ExtractInlineData(value_offset, tag_type, byte_order)
 
       else:  # Normal data at offset
         value = self._ExtractValue(
-            data, absolute_offset, tag_type, count, endian)
+            data, absolute_offset, tag_type, count, byte_order)
         if tag in (0x0002, 0x0004):
           # gps latlon, convert from deg/min/sec to decimal degrees
           value = value[0] + value[1] / 60.0 + value[2] / 3600.0
@@ -285,7 +292,7 @@ def _ParseIfd(self, data, offset, endian, base_offset):
       # Check for subdirectories (ExifIFDPointer, GPSInfo)
       if tag in (0x8769, 0x8825):  # Subdirectory pointers
         sub_ifd = self._ParseIfd(
-            data, base_offset + value_offset, endian, base_offset)
+            data, base_offset + value_offset, byte_order, base_offset)
         entries.update(sub_ifd)
       else:
         entries[tag] = value
@@ -304,104 +311,82 @@ def _ParseTiff(self, data):
     # Verify TIFF header
     endianness = data[:2]
     if endianness == b'II':  # Little endian
-      endian = '<'
+      byte_order = '<'
     elif endianness == b'MM':  # Big endian
-      endian = '>'
+      byte_order = '>'
     else:
       raise ValueError('Invalid TIFF header')
 
     # Verify TIFF magic number
-    magic_number = struct.unpack(endian + 'H', data[2:4])[0]
+    magic_number = struct.unpack(f'{byte_order:s}H', data[2:4])[0]
     if magic_number != 0x002A:
       raise ValueError('Invalid TIFF magic number')
 
     # Get offset to first IFD (Image File Directory)
-    ifd_offset = struct.unpack(endian + 'I', data[4:8])[0]
+    ifd_offset = struct.unpack(f'{byte_order:s}I', data[4:8])[0]
 
-    # Parse IFD
-    return self._ParseIfd(data, ifd_offset, endian, base_offset=0)
-
-  def _GetSizeOfType(self, tag_type):
-    """TODO.
+    return self._ParseIfd(data, ifd_offset, byte_order, 0)
 
-    Args:
-      tag_type (TODO): TODO.
-
-    Returns:
-      TODO: TODO.
-    """
-    # BYTE, ASCII, SHORT, LONG, RATIONAL
-    sizes = {1: 1, 2: 1, 3: 2, 4: 4, 5: 8}
-    return sizes.get(tag_type, 0)
-
-  def _ExtractExifMetadata(self, file_object):
-    """Extracts EXIF metadata.
+  def ParseFileObject(self, parser_mediator, file_object):
+    """Parses a JPEG file for EXIF data.
 
     Args:
+      parser_mediator (ParserMediator): mediates interactions between parsers
+          and other components, such as storage and dfVFS.
       file_object (dfvfs.FileIO): a file-like object.
 
-    Returns:
-      TODO: TODO
+    Raises:
+      WrongParser: when the file cannot be parsed.
     """
-    return self._GetAnnotatedExif(self._ParseExif(file_object))
-
-  def _BuildEventData(self, annotated_exif):
-    """TODO.
+    if file_object.read(2) != b'\xff\xd8':
+      display_name = parser_mediator.GetDisplayName()
+      raise errors.WrongParser(
+          f'[{self.NAME!s}] {display_name!s} is not a JPEG file.')
 
-    Args:
-      annotated_exif (TODO): TODO.
+    file_object.seek(0, os.SEEK_SET)
 
-    Returns:
-      JpegExifEventData: event data.
-    """
-    event_data = JpegExifEventData()
+    try:
+      exif_data = self._ParseExif(file_object)
+    except ValueError as exception:
+      raise errors.WrongParser(
+          f'Unable to parse a JPEG file with error: {exception!s}')
 
-    key = 'Date and Time'
-    if key in annotated_exif.keys():
-      ts = str(annotated_exif.get(key))
-      dt = datetime.strptime(ts, '%Y:%m:%d %H:%M:%S')
-      posix_timestamp = int(dt.timestamp())
-      event_data.exif_datetime = dfdatetime_posix_time.PosixTime(
-          timestamp=posix_timestamp)
+    annotated_exif = self._GetAnnotatedExif(exif_data)
 
-    event_data.bodyserialnumber = annotated_exif.get('Body Serial Number')
-    event_data.height = annotated_exif.get('Image Height')
-    event_data.makeandmodel = annotated_exif.get('Make and Model')
-    event_data.manufacturer = annotated_exif.get('Manufacturer')
-    event_data.model = annotated_exif.get('Model')
-    event_data.software = annotated_exif.get('Software')
-    event_data.width = annotated_exif.get('Image Width')
-    event_data.xres = annotated_exif.get('X-Resolution')
-    event_data.yres = annotated_exif.get('Y-Resolution')
+    event_data = JpegExifEventData()
 
     latitude = annotated_exif.get('Latitude', 0.0)
     latitude_reference = annotated_exif.get('Latitude Reference', '')
     longitude = annotated_exif.get('Longitude', 0.0)
     longitude_reference = annotated_exif.get('Longitude Reference', '')
 
+    event_data.body_serial_number = annotated_exif.get('Body Serial Number')
+    event_data.height = annotated_exif.get('Image Height')
     event_data.latitude = f'{latitude:2.5f}{latitude_reference:s}'
     event_data.longitude = f'{longitude:2.5f}{longitude_reference:s}'
+    event_data.make_and_model = annotated_exif.get('Make and Model')
+    event_data.manufacturer = annotated_exif.get('Manufacturer')
+    event_data.model = annotated_exif.get('Model')
+    event_data.software = annotated_exif.get('Software')
+    event_data.width = annotated_exif.get('Image Width')
+    event_data.x_resolution = annotated_exif.get('X-Resolution')
+    event_data.y_resolution = annotated_exif.get('Y-Resolution')
+
+    time_string = annotated_exif.get('Date and Time')
+    if time_string:
+      date, time = time_string.split(' ')
+      year, month, day_of_month = [int(value, 10) for value in date.split(':')]
+      hours, minutes, seconds = [int(value, 10) for value in time.split(':')]
+
+      try:
+        date_time = dfdatetime_time_elements.TimeElements(time_elements_tuple=(
+            year, month, day_of_month, hours, minutes, seconds))
+        event_data.exif_datetime = date_time
+      except (TypeError, ValueError) as exception:
+        error_string = (
+            f'Unable to parse date time value with error: {exception!s}')
+        parser_mediator.ProduceExtractionWarning(error_string)
 
-    return event_data
-
-  def ParseFileObject(self, parser_mediator, file_object):
-    """Parses a JPEG file for EXIF data.
-
-    Args:
-      parser_mediator (ParserMediator): mediates interactions between parsers
-          and other components, such as storage and dfVFS.
-      file_object (dfvfs.FileIO): a file-like object.
-
-    Raises:
-      WrongParser: when the file cannot be parsed.
-    """
-    try:
-      parsed_jpeg_exif = self._ExtractExifMetadata(file_object)
-    except ValueError as exception:
-      raise errors.WrongParser(
-          f'Unable to parse a JPEG file with error: {exception!s}')
-
-    event_data = self._BuildEventData(parsed_jpeg_exif)
     parser_mediator.ProduceEventData(event_data)
 
 
diff --git a/tests/parsers/jpeg_exif.py b/tests/parsers/jpeg_exif.py
index 9292efdd68..3da7deb02a 100644
--- a/tests/parsers/jpeg_exif.py
+++ b/tests/parsers/jpeg_exif.py
@@ -29,17 +29,19 @@ def testParseFile(self):
     self.assertEqual(number_of_warnings, 0)
 
     expected_event_values = {
-        "bodyserialnumber": "53HQK520M10K6U",
-        "data_type": "jpeg:exif",
-        "height": 3016,
-        "latitude": "68.87571N",
-        "longitude": "27.76492E",
-        "manufacturer": "DJI",
-        "model": "FC3582",
-        "software": "RawTherapee 5.9",
-        "width": 4024,
-        "xres": 300.0,
-        "yres": 300.0}
+        'body_serial_number': '53HQK520M10K6U',
+        'data_type': 'jpeg:exif',
+        'exif_datetime': '2023-08-01T23:19:48+00:00',
+        'height': 3016,
+        'latitude': '68.87571N',
+        'longitude': '27.76492E',
+        'make_and_model': 'DJI FC3582',
+        'manufacturer': 'DJI',
+        'model': 'FC3582',
+        'software': 'RawTherapee 5.9',
+        'width': 4024,
+        'x_resolution': 300.0,
+        'y_resolution': 300.0}
 
     event_data = storage_writer.GetAttributeContainerByIndex('event_data', 0)
     self.CheckEventData(event_data, expected_event_values)

From 6e58c15a14c670686b50b875e232951468a4a743 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Joachim Metz <joachim.metz@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 11 May 2026 09:57:51 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 10/10] Clean up

---
 plaso/data/timeliner.yaml  |   4 +-
 plaso/parsers/jpeg_exif.py | 189 +++++++++++++++----------------------
 tests/parsers/jpeg_exif.py |   2 +-
 3 files changed, 78 insertions(+), 117 deletions(-)

diff --git a/plaso/data/timeliner.yaml b/plaso/data/timeliner.yaml
index 1844a9ab22..922121323c 100644
--- a/plaso/data/timeliner.yaml
+++ b/plaso/data/timeliner.yaml
@@ -701,8 +701,8 @@ place_holder_event: true
 ---
 data_type: 'jpeg:exif'
 attribute_mappings:
-- name: 'exif_datetime'
-  description: 'EXIF datetime'
+- name: 'modification_time'
+  description: 'Content Modification Time'
 place_holder_event: true
 ---
 data_type: 'kodi:videos:viewing'
diff --git a/plaso/parsers/jpeg_exif.py b/plaso/parsers/jpeg_exif.py
index bdce8a7ef1..ec135a9ef1 100644
--- a/plaso/parsers/jpeg_exif.py
+++ b/plaso/parsers/jpeg_exif.py
@@ -16,13 +16,14 @@ class JpegExifEventData(events.EventData):
 
   Attributes:
     body_serial_number (str): Body serial number.
-    exif_datetime (dfdatetime.DateTimeValues): exif datetime.
     height (int): image height.
     latitude (str): Latitude.
     longitude (str): Longitude.
     make_and_model (str): Make and model.
     manufacturer (str): Manufacturer/Make.
     model (str): Model.
+    modification_time (dfdatetime.DateTimeValues): EXIF modification date and
+        time.
     software (str): software.
     width (int): image width.
     x_resolution (float): X resolution.
@@ -35,13 +36,13 @@ def __init__(self):
     """Initializes event data."""
     super().__init__(data_type=self.DATA_TYPE)
     self.body_serial_number = None
-    self.exif_datetime = None
     self.height = None
     self.latitude = None
     self.longitude = None
     self.make_and_model = None
     self.manufacturer = None
     self.model = None
+    self.modification_time = None
     self.software = None
     self.width = None
     self.x_resolution = None
@@ -54,63 +55,20 @@ class JpegExifParser(interface.FileObjectParser):
   NAME='jpeg_exif'
   DATA_FORMAT = 'JPEG file'
 
-  _EXIF_TAGS = {
-      0x0000: 'GPS Tag Version',
-      0x0001: 'Latitude Reference',
-      0x0002: 'Latitude',
-      0x0003: 'Longitude Reference',
-      0x0004: 'Longitude',
-      0x0005: 'Altitude Reference',
-      0x0006: 'Altitude',
-      0x0009: 'GPS Receiver Status',
-      0x0012: 'Geodetic Survey Data',
-      0x0100: 'Image Width',
-      0x0101: 'Image Height',
-      0x0102: 'Bits per Sample',
-      0x0103: 'Compression',
-      0x0106: 'Photometric Interpre',
-      0x010f: 'Manufacturer',
-      0x0110: 'Model',
-      0x0112: 'Orientation',
-      0x0115: 'Samples per Pixel',
-      0x011a: 'X-Resolution',
-      0x011b: 'Y-Resolution',
-      0x011c: 'Planar Configuration',
-      0x0128: 'Resolution Unit',
-      0x0131: 'Software',
-      0x0132: 'Date and Time',
-      0x014a: 'SubIFD Offsets',
-      0x02bc: 'XML Packet',
-      0x829a: 'Exposure Time',
-      0x829d: 'F-Number',
-      0x8822: 'Exposure Program',
-      0x8827: 'ISO Speed Ratings',
-      0x9000: 'Exif Version',
-      0x9003: 'Date and Time',
-      0x9004: 'Date and Time (modified)',
-      0x9204: 'Exposure Bias',
-      0x9205: 'Maximum Aperture Val',
-      0x9207: 'Metering Mode',
-      0x9208: 'Light Source',
-      0x9209: 'Flash',
-      0x920a: 'Focal Length',
-      0xa000: 'FlashPixVersion',
-      0xa001: 'Color Space',
-      0xa300: 'File Source',
-      0xa301: 'Scene Type',
-      0xa402: 'Exposure Mode',
-      0xa403: 'White Balance',
-      0xa404: 'Digital Zoom Ratio',
-      0xa405: 'Focal Length in 35mm',
-      0xa406: 'Scene Capture Type',
-      0xa407: 'Gain Control',
-      0xa408: 'Contrast',
-      0xa409: 'Saturation',
-      0xa40a: 'Sharpness',
-      0xa431: 'Body Serial Number',
-      0xa432: 'Lens Specification',
-      0xc614: 'Make and Model',
-      0xc62f: 'Body Serial Number'}
+  _TAG_BODY_SERIAL_NUMBER = 0xa431
+  _TAG_MODIFICATION_DATE = 0x0132
+  _TAG_IMAGE_HEIGHT = 0x0101
+  _TAG_IMAGE_WIDTH = 0x0100
+  _TAG_LATITUDE = 0x0002
+  _TAG_LATITUDE_REFERENCE = 0x0001
+  _TAG_LONGTITUDE = 0x0004
+  _TAG_LONGTITUDE_REFERENCE = 0x0003
+  _TAG_MAKE_AND_MODEL = 0xc614
+  _TAG_MANUFACTURER = 0x010f
+  _TAG_MODEL = 0x0110
+  _TAG_SOFTWARE = 0x0131
+  _TAG_X_RESOLUTION = 0x011a
+  _TAG_Y_RESOLUTION = 0x011b
 
   _TAG_TYPE_BYTE = 1
   _TAG_TYPE_ASCII = 2
@@ -125,23 +83,6 @@ class JpegExifParser(interface.FileObjectParser):
       _TAG_TYPE_LONG: 4,
       _TAG_TYPE_RATIONAL: 8}
 
-  def _GetAnnotatedExif(self, values):
-    """TODO.
-
-    Args:
-      values (TODO): TODO.
-
-    Returns:
-      TODO: TODO.
-    """
-    r = {}
-    for tag, value in values.items():
-      tag_name = self._EXIF_TAGS.get(tag, f'Unknown tag ({hex(tag)})')
-      if tag_name == 'XML Packet':
-        continue
-      r[tag_name] = value
-    return r
-
   def _ExtractInlineData(self, value_offset, tag_type, byte_order):
     """Extracts inline data.
 
@@ -220,7 +161,7 @@ def _ParseExif(self, file_object):
       file_object (dfvfs.FileIO): a file-like object.
 
     Returns:
-      TODO: TODO.
+      dict[int, object]: EXIF data with integer tags as keys.
 
     Raises:
       ValueError: if the EXIF data could not be extracted.
@@ -245,13 +186,13 @@ def _ParseExif(self, file_object):
     raise ValueError('Exif data not found')
 
   def _ParseIfd(self, data, offset, byte_order, base_offset):
-    """TODO.
+    """Parses the Image File Directory (IFD).
 
     Args:
-      data (TODO): TODO.
-      offset (TODO): TODO.
+      data (bytes): TODO.
+      offset (int): TODO.
       byte_order (str): struct byte-order indicator.
-      base_offset (TODO): TODO.
+      base_offset (int): TODO.
 
     Returns:
       TODO: TODO.
@@ -275,7 +216,7 @@ def _ParseIfd(self, data, offset, byte_order, base_offset):
 
       if tag_type == 2 and count * byte_size <= 4:
         value_data = data[entry_offset+8:entry_offset+8+count]
-        value = value_data.rstrip(b'\x00').decode('ascii','ignore')
+        value = value_data.rstrip(b'\x00').decode('ascii', 'ignore')
 
       elif count * byte_size <= 4:  # other inline data
         value = self._ExtractInlineData(value_offset, tag_type, byte_order)
@@ -286,8 +227,8 @@ def _ParseIfd(self, data, offset, byte_order, base_offset):
         if tag in (0x0002, 0x0004):
           # gps latlon, convert from deg/min/sec to decimal degrees
           value = value[0] + value[1] / 60.0 + value[2] / 3600.0
-        elif count==1:
-          value=value[0]
+        elif count == 1:
+          value = value[0]
 
       # Check for subdirectories (ExifIFDPointer, GPSInfo)
       if tag in (0x8769, 0x8825):  # Subdirectory pointers
@@ -327,6 +268,37 @@ def _ParseTiff(self, data):
 
     return self._ParseIfd(data, ifd_offset, byte_order, 0)
 
+  def _GetDateTimeValue(self, parser_mediator, exif_data, tag):
+    """Retrieves a date and time value.
+
+    Args:
+      parser_mediator (ParserMediator): mediates interactions between parsers
+          and other components, such as storage and dfVFS.
+      exif_data (dict[int, object]): EXIF data with integer tags as keys.
+      tag (int): EXIF tag.
+
+    Returns:
+      dfdatetime.DateTimeValues: date and time or None if not set.
+    """
+    time_string = exif_data.get(tag)
+    if not time_string:
+      return None
+
+    try:
+      date, time = time_string.split(' ')
+      year, month, day_of_month = [int(value, 10) for value in date.split(':')]
+      hours, minutes, seconds = [int(value, 10) for value in time.split(':')]
+
+      date_time = dfdatetime_time_elements.TimeElements(time_elements_tuple=(
+          year, month, day_of_month, hours, minutes, seconds))
+    except (TypeError, ValueError) as exception:
+      parser_mediator.ProduceExtractionWarning(
+          f'Unable to parse date time value: 0x{tag:02x} with error: '
+          f'{exception!s}')
+      date_time = None
+
+    return date_time
+
   def ParseFileObject(self, parser_mediator, file_object):
     """Parses a JPEG file for EXIF data.
 
@@ -351,41 +323,30 @@ def ParseFileObject(self, parser_mediator, file_object):
       raise errors.WrongParser(
           f'Unable to parse a JPEG file with error: {exception!s}')
 
-    annotated_exif = self._GetAnnotatedExif(exif_data)
-
     event_data = JpegExifEventData()
 
-    latitude = annotated_exif.get('Latitude', 0.0)
-    latitude_reference = annotated_exif.get('Latitude Reference', '')
-    longitude = annotated_exif.get('Longitude', 0.0)
-    longitude_reference = annotated_exif.get('Longitude Reference', '')
+    latitude = exif_data.get(self._TAG_LATITUDE, 0.0)
+    latitude_reference = exif_data.get(self._TAG_LATITUDE_REFERENCE, '')
+    longitude = exif_data.get(self._TAG_LONGTITUDE, 0.0)
+    longitude_reference = exif_data.get(self._TAG_LONGTITUDE_REFERENCE, '')
+
+    # TODO: add support for 0x9003 DateTimeOriginal
+    # TODO: add support for 0x9004 CreateDate
+    # TODO: add support for 0xc62f CameraSerialNumber
 
-    event_data.body_serial_number = annotated_exif.get('Body Serial Number')
-    event_data.height = annotated_exif.get('Image Height')
+    event_data.body_serial_number = exif_data.get(self._TAG_BODY_SERIAL_NUMBER)
+    event_data.height = exif_data.get(self._TAG_IMAGE_HEIGHT)
     event_data.latitude = f'{latitude:2.5f}{latitude_reference:s}'
     event_data.longitude = f'{longitude:2.5f}{longitude_reference:s}'
-    event_data.make_and_model = annotated_exif.get('Make and Model')
-    event_data.manufacturer = annotated_exif.get('Manufacturer')
-    event_data.model = annotated_exif.get('Model')
-    event_data.software = annotated_exif.get('Software')
-    event_data.width = annotated_exif.get('Image Width')
-    event_data.x_resolution = annotated_exif.get('X-Resolution')
-    event_data.y_resolution = annotated_exif.get('Y-Resolution')
-
-    time_string = annotated_exif.get('Date and Time')
-    if time_string:
-      date, time = time_string.split(' ')
-      year, month, day_of_month = [int(value, 10) for value in date.split(':')]
-      hours, minutes, seconds = [int(value, 10) for value in time.split(':')]
-
-      try:
-        date_time = dfdatetime_time_elements.TimeElements(time_elements_tuple=(
-            year, month, day_of_month, hours, minutes, seconds))
-        event_data.exif_datetime = date_time
-      except (TypeError, ValueError) as exception:
-        error_string = (
-            f'Unable to parse date time value with error: {exception!s}')
-        parser_mediator.ProduceExtractionWarning(error_string)
+    event_data.make_and_model = exif_data.get(self._TAG_MAKE_AND_MODEL)
+    event_data.manufacturer = exif_data.get(self._TAG_MANUFACTURER)
+    event_data.model = exif_data.get(self._TAG_MODEL)
+    event_data.modification_time = self._GetDateTimeValue(
+        parser_mediator, exif_data, self._TAG_MODIFICATION_DATE)
+    event_data.software = exif_data.get(self._TAG_SOFTWARE)
+    event_data.width = exif_data.get(self._TAG_IMAGE_WIDTH)
+    event_data.x_resolution = exif_data.get(self._TAG_X_RESOLUTION)
+    event_data.y_resolution = exif_data.get(self._TAG_Y_RESOLUTION)
 
     parser_mediator.ProduceEventData(event_data)
 
diff --git a/tests/parsers/jpeg_exif.py b/tests/parsers/jpeg_exif.py
index 3da7deb02a..78300f4603 100644
--- a/tests/parsers/jpeg_exif.py
+++ b/tests/parsers/jpeg_exif.py
@@ -31,13 +31,13 @@ def testParseFile(self):
     expected_event_values = {
         'body_serial_number': '53HQK520M10K6U',
         'data_type': 'jpeg:exif',
-        'exif_datetime': '2023-08-01T23:19:48+00:00',
         'height': 3016,
         'latitude': '68.87571N',
         'longitude': '27.76492E',
         'make_and_model': 'DJI FC3582',
         'manufacturer': 'DJI',
         'model': 'FC3582',
+        'modification_time': '2023-08-01T23:19:48+00:00',
         'software': 'RawTherapee 5.9',
         'width': 4024,
         'x_resolution': 300.0,