diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index 4a7f1c0ee..c51eacea2 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -13,6 +13,11 @@ unreleased
 
 ### Fixes
 
+- The limit on error responses added in v1.11.0 ([#1248]) should only apply on
+  errors during the connection phase ([#1326]).
+
+- Limit the size of some server responses, identical to libpq ([#1326]).
+
 - Add Redshift-specific OID mappings ([#1291], [#1317]).
 
 - Use correct environment variable name for `PGSSLMINPROTOCOLVERSION` and
@@ -21,6 +26,7 @@ unreleased
 [#1291]: https://github.com/lib/pq/pull/1291
 [#1310]: https://github.com/lib/pq/pull/1310
 [#1317]: https://github.com/lib/pq/pull/1317
+[#1326]: https://github.com/lib/pq/pull/1326
 
 
 v1.12.3 (2026-04-03)
diff --git a/conn.go b/conn.go
index 3ed7ecfa4..18048ac65 100644
--- a/conn.go
+++ b/conn.go
@@ -476,8 +476,7 @@ func dial(ctx context.Context, d Dialer, cfg Config) (net.Conn, error) {
 }
 
 func (cn *conn) isInTransaction() bool {
-	return cn.txnStatus == txnStatusIdleInTransaction ||
-		cn.txnStatus == txnStatusInFailedTransaction
+	return cn.txnStatus == txnStatusIdleInTransaction || cn.txnStatus == txnStatusInFailedTransaction
 }
 
 func (cn *conn) checkIsInTransaction(intxn bool) error {
@@ -1131,10 +1130,15 @@ func (cn *conn) recvMessage(r *readBuf) (proto.ResponseCode, error) {
 	//
 	// libpq checks "if ErrorResponse && (msgLength < 8 || msgLength > MAX_ERRLEN)",
 	// but check < 4 since n represents bytes remaining to be read after length.
-	if t == proto.ErrorResponse && (n < 4 || n > proto.MaxErrlen) {
+	//
+	// Use txnStatus to check if we're in the startup phase.
+	if cn.txnStatus == 0 && t == proto.ErrorResponse && (n < 4 || n > proto.MaxMsgLen) {
 		msg, _ := cn.buf.ReadString('\x00')
 		return 0, fmt.Errorf("pq: server error: %s%s", string(x[1:]), strings.TrimSuffix(msg, "\x00"))
 	}
+	if !proto.ValidLongMessageType(t) && n > proto.MaxMsgLen {
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("pq: lost synchronization with server: got message type %q, length %d", t, n)
+	}
 
 	var y []byte
 	if n <= len(cn.scratch) {
@@ -1153,11 +1157,11 @@ func (cn *conn) recvMessage(r *readBuf) (proto.ResponseCode, error) {
 	return t, nil
 }
 
-// recv receives a message from the backend, returning an error if an error
-// happened while reading the message or the received message an ErrorResponse.
-// NoticeResponses are ignored. This function should generally be used only
-// during the startup sequence.
-func (cn *conn) recv() (proto.ResponseCode, *readBuf, error) {
+// recvError receives a message from the backend, returning an error if an error
+// happened while reading the message or the received message is an
+// ErrorResponse. NoticeResponses are ignored. This function should generally be
+// used only during the startup sequence.
+func (cn *conn) recvError() (proto.ResponseCode, *readBuf, error) {
 	for {
 		r := new(readBuf)
 		t, err := cn.recvMessage(r)
@@ -1370,7 +1374,7 @@ func (cn *conn) startup(cfg Config) error {
 
 	var didauth bool
 	for {
-		t, r, err := cn.recv()
+		t, r, err := cn.recvError()
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
@@ -1515,7 +1519,7 @@ func (cn *conn) auth(code proto.AuthCode, r *readBuf, cfg Config) error {
 			return err
 		}
 
-		t, r, err := cn.recv()
+		t, r, err := cn.recvError()
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
@@ -1541,7 +1545,7 @@ func (cn *conn) auth(code proto.AuthCode, r *readBuf, cfg Config) error {
 			return err
 		}
 
-		t, r, err = cn.recv()
+		t, r, err = cn.recvError()
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
diff --git a/conn_test.go b/conn_test.go
index 1a39ecfc3..ba8e00081 100644
--- a/conn_test.go
+++ b/conn_test.go
@@ -1784,6 +1784,83 @@ func TestPreProtocolError(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestLargeMessage(t *testing.T) {
+	type resp struct {
+		c proto.ResponseCode
+		r string
+	}
+	long := strings.Repeat("Y", 35_000)
+	tests := []struct {
+		responses []resp
+		want      string
+		wantErr   string
+	}{
+		{ // DataRow can be unlimited length
+			[]resp{
+				{proto.RowDescription, "\x00\x01col\x00\x00\x00A\xc6\x00\x01\x00\x00\x00\x19\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\x00\x00"},
+				{proto.DataRow, "\x00\x01\x00\x00\x88\xb8" + long},
+				{proto.CommandComplete, "SELECT 1\x00"},
+			},
+			long, "",
+		},
+		{ // ErrorResponse as well (after startup)
+			[]resp{
+				{proto.ErrorResponse, "SERROR\x00C58030\x00M" + long + "\x00\x00"},
+			},
+			"", "pq: " + long + " (58030)",
+		},
+		{ // But e.g. Empty Query can't
+			[]resp{
+				{proto.EmptyQueryResponse, long},
+				{proto.CommandComplete, "SELECT 1\x00"},
+			},
+			"", `pq: lost synchronization with server: got message type "(I) EmptyQueryResponse", length 35000`,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run("", func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Parallel()
+			f := pqtest.NewFake(t, func(f pqtest.Fake, cn net.Conn) {
+				f.Startup(cn, nil)
+				for {
+					code, q, ok := f.ReadMsg(cn)
+					if !ok {
+						return
+					}
+					switch code {
+					case proto.Query:
+						switch q := string(q[:bytes.IndexByte(q, 0)]); {
+						case q == ";": // Ping()
+							f.WriteMsg(cn, proto.EmptyQueryResponse, "")
+							f.WriteMsg(cn, proto.ReadyForQuery, "I")
+						default:
+							for _, r := range tt.responses {
+								f.WriteMsg(cn, r.c, r.r)
+							}
+							f.WriteMsg(cn, proto.ReadyForQuery, "I")
+						}
+					case proto.Terminate:
+						cn.Close()
+						return
+					}
+				}
+			})
+			defer f.Close()
+
+			db := pqtest.MustDB(t, f.DSN())
+			var have string
+			err := db.QueryRow(`select t from tbl`).Scan(&have)
+			if !pqtest.ErrorContains(err, tt.wantErr) {
+				t.Fatalf("wrong error:\nhave: %s\nwant: %s", err, tt.wantErr)
+			}
+			if have != tt.want {
+				t.Fatal("rows not equal") // Don't output content as this deals with lots of text.
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
 // reading from circularConn yields content[:prefixLen] once, followed by
 // content[prefixLen:] over and over again. It never returns EOF.
 type circularConn struct {
diff --git a/internal/proto/proto.go b/internal/proto/proto.go
index e8b4bc593..5aaa51634 100644
--- a/internal/proto/proto.go
+++ b/internal/proto/proto.go
@@ -16,9 +16,20 @@ const (
 	NegotiateGSSCode  = (1234 << 16) | 5680
 )
 
+// Constants from fe-protocol3.c
+
+func ValidLongMessageType(c ResponseCode) bool {
+	switch c {
+	case CopyDataResponse, DataRow, ErrorResponse, FunctionCallResponse,
+		NoticeResponse, NotificationResponse, RowDescription:
+		return true
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
 // Constants from fe-connect.c
 const (
-	MaxErrlen = 30_000 // https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/c6a10a89f/src/interfaces/libpq/fe-connect.c#L4067
+	MaxMsgLen = 30_000 // https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/c6a10a89f/src/interfaces/libpq/fe-connect.c#L4067
 )
 
 // RequestCode is a request codes sent by the frontend.