diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index 46dd5f64..f815f0a5 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -20,8 +20,13 @@ target/
 explore
 **.ntgb.json
 /plume/po/
+/case-studies/plume/po/
 flow-graph.json
 flow-graph.o
+flow-graph.stat.json
+flow-graph.marker_stats.json
+paralegal-artifact.json
+/.claude/
 
 /results/
 
diff --git a/.gitmodules b/.gitmodules
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..181ed8d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.gitmodules
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+[submodule "paralegal"]
+	path = paralegal
+	url = git@github.com:brownsys/paralegal
diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 083cd8e5..53820894 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # This file is automatically @generated by Cargo.
 # It is not intended for manual editing.
-version = 3
+version = 4
 
 [[package]]
 name = "addr2line"
@@ -17,17 +17,6 @@ version = "1.0.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "f26201604c87b1e01bd3d98f8d5d9a8fcbb815e8cedb41ffccbeb4bf593a35fe"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "ahash"
-version = "0.7.8"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "891477e0c6a8957309ee5c45a6368af3ae14bb510732d2684ffa19af310920f9"
-dependencies = [
- "getrandom",
- "once_cell",
- "version_check",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "ahash"
 version = "0.8.11"
@@ -49,6 +38,27 @@ dependencies = [
  "memchr",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "allocative"
+version = "0.3.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "8fac2ce611db8b8cee9b2aa886ca03c924e9da5e5295d0dbd0526e5d0b0710f7"
+dependencies = [
+ "allocative_derive",
+ "ctor",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "allocative_derive"
+version = "0.3.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "fe233a377643e0fc1a56421d7c90acdec45c291b30345eb9f08e8d0ddce5a4ab"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 2.0.117",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "allocator-api2"
 version = "0.2.16"
@@ -154,17 +164,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "petgraph",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "atty"
-version = "0.2.14"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d9b39be18770d11421cdb1b9947a45dd3f37e93092cbf377614828a319d5fee8"
-dependencies = [
- "hermit-abi 0.1.19",
- "libc",
- "winapi",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "autocfg"
 version = "1.2.0"
@@ -234,18 +233,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "typenum",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "bitvec"
-version = "1.0.1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "1bc2832c24239b0141d5674bb9174f9d68a8b5b3f2753311927c172ca46f7e9c"
-dependencies = [
- "funty",
- "radium",
- "tap",
- "wyz",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "block-buffer"
 version = "0.10.4"
@@ -281,12 +268,6 @@ version = "3.15.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "7ff69b9dd49fd426c69a0db9fc04dd934cdb6645ff000864d98f7e2af8830eaa"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "byteorder"
-version = "1.5.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "1fd0f2584146f6f2ef48085050886acf353beff7305ebd1ae69500e27c67f64b"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "bytes"
 version = "1.6.0"
@@ -530,7 +511,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "heck",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.58",
+ "syn 2.0.117",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -574,23 +555,21 @@ checksum = "acbf1af155f9b9ef647e42cdc158db4b64a1b61f743629225fde6f3e0be2a7c7"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "colored"
-version = "1.9.4"
+version = "2.1.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5a5f741c91823341bebf717d4c71bda820630ce065443b58bd1b7451af008355"
+checksum = "cbf2150cce219b664a8a70df7a1f933836724b503f8a413af9365b4dcc4d90b8"
 dependencies = [
- "is-terminal",
  "lazy_static",
- "winapi",
+ "windows-sys 0.48.0",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "colored"
-version = "2.1.0"
+version = "3.1.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "cbf2150cce219b664a8a70df7a1f933836724b503f8a413af9365b4dcc4d90b8"
+checksum = "faf9468729b8cbcea668e36183cb69d317348c2e08e994829fb56ebfdfbaac34"
 dependencies = [
- "lazy_static",
- "windows-sys 0.48.0",
+ "windows-sys 0.52.0",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -754,6 +733,16 @@ version = "1.1.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "f3b7eb4404b8195a9abb6356f4ac07d8ba267045c8d6d220ac4dc992e6cc75df"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "ctor"
+version = "0.1.26"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "6d2301688392eb071b0bf1a37be05c469d3cc4dbbd95df672fe28ab021e6a096"
+dependencies = [
+ "quote",
+ "syn 1.0.109",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "curl"
 version = "0.4.46"
@@ -798,12 +787,12 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "deranged"
-version = "0.3.11"
+version = "0.5.8"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "b42b6fa04a440b495c8b04d0e71b707c585f83cb9cb28cf8cd0d976c315e31b4"
+checksum = "7cd812cc2bc1d69d4764bd80df88b4317eaef9e773c75226407d9bc0876b211c"
 dependencies = [
  "powerfmt",
- "serde",
+ "serde_core",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -977,6 +966,12 @@ version = "0.4.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "0ce7134b9999ecaf8bcd65542e436736ef32ddca1b3e06094cb6ec5755203b80"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "fixedbitset"
+version = "0.5.7"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "1d674e81391d1e1ab681a28d99df07927c6d4aa5b027d7da16ba32d1d21ecd99"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "flate2"
 version = "1.0.28"
@@ -989,15 +984,10 @@ dependencies = [
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "flowistry_pdg"
-version = "0.1.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/brownsys/paralegal?rev=db06704d98f39394b125cfc5d5ec2d6553f54e04#db06704d98f39394b125cfc5d5ec2d6553f54e04"
-dependencies = [
- "cfg-if",
- "internment",
- "serde",
- "strum 0.25.0",
-]
+name = "foldhash"
+version = "0.1.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "d9c4f5dac5e15c24eb999c26181a6ca40b39fe946cbe4c263c7209467bc83af2"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "form_urlencoded"
@@ -1021,21 +1011,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "strum 0.26.2",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "funty"
-version = "2.0.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "e6d5a32815ae3f33302d95fdcb2ce17862f8c65363dcfd29360480ba1001fc9c"
-
-[[package]]
-name = "fxhash"
-version = "0.2.1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c31b6d751ae2c7f11320402d34e41349dd1016f8d5d45e48c4312bc8625af50c"
-dependencies = [
- "byteorder",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "generic-array"
 version = "0.14.7"
@@ -1453,7 +1428,7 @@ checksum = "1dff438f14e67e7713ab9332f5fd18c8f20eb7eb249494f6c2bf170522224032"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.58",
+ "syn 2.0.117",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1886,21 +1861,23 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "hashbrown"
-version = "0.12.3"
+version = "0.14.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "8a9ee70c43aaf417c914396645a0fa852624801b24ebb7ae78fe8272889ac888"
+checksum = "290f1a1d9242c78d09ce40a5e87e7554ee637af1351968159f4952f028f75604"
 dependencies = [
- "ahash 0.7.8",
+ "ahash",
+ "allocator-api2",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "hashbrown"
-version = "0.14.3"
+version = "0.15.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "290f1a1d9242c78d09ce40a5e87e7554ee637af1351968159f4952f028f75604"
+checksum = "9229cfe53dfd69f0609a49f65461bd93001ea1ef889cd5529dd176593f5338a1"
 dependencies = [
- "ahash 0.8.11",
  "allocator-api2",
+ "equivalent",
+ "foldhash",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1918,15 +1895,6 @@ version = "0.4.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "95505c38b4572b2d910cecb0281560f54b440a19336cbbcb27bf6ce6adc6f5a8"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "hermit-abi"
-version = "0.1.19"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "62b467343b94ba476dcb2500d242dadbb39557df889310ac77c5d99100aaac33"
-dependencies = [
- "libc",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "hermit-abi"
 version = "0.3.9"
@@ -2066,25 +2034,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "version_check",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "index_vec"
-version = "0.1.3"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "74086667896a940438f2118212f313abba4aff3831fef6f4b17d02add5c8bb60"
-
-[[package]]
-name = "indexical"
-version = "0.3.1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "467e4f95baab3c675f5e42553f822b34e176aa13c322ec8c258743825deaafb6"
-dependencies = [
- "bitvec",
- "fxhash",
- "index_vec",
- "splitmut",
- "take_mut",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "indexmap"
 version = "2.2.6"
@@ -2120,12 +2069,11 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "internment"
-version = "0.7.4"
+version = "0.8.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5e976188335292f66a1533fd41d5c2ce24b32dc2c000569b8dccf4e57f489806"
+checksum = "636d4b0f6a39fd684effe2a73f5310df16a3fa7954c26d36833e98f44d1977a2"
 dependencies = [
- "hashbrown 0.12.3",
- "parking_lot",
+ "hashbrown 0.15.5",
  "serde",
 ]
 
@@ -2135,25 +2083,25 @@ version = "0.4.12"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "f23ff5ef2b80d608d61efee834934d862cd92461afc0560dedf493e4c033738b"
 dependencies = [
- "hermit-abi 0.3.9",
+ "hermit-abi",
  "libc",
  "windows-sys 0.52.0",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "itertools"
-version = "0.11.0"
+version = "0.12.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "b1c173a5686ce8bfa551b3563d0c2170bf24ca44da99c7ca4bfdab5418c3fe57"
+checksum = "ba291022dbbd398a455acf126c1e341954079855bc60dfdda641363bd6922569"
 dependencies = [
  "either",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "itertools"
-version = "0.12.1"
+version = "0.13.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "ba291022dbbd398a455acf126c1e341954079855bc60dfdda641363bd6922569"
+checksum = "413ee7dfc52ee1a4949ceeb7dbc8a33f2d6c088194d9f922fb8318faf1f01186"
 dependencies = [
  "either",
 ]
@@ -2310,9 +2258,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "log"
-version = "0.4.21"
+version = "0.4.29"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "90ed8c1e510134f979dbc4f070f87d4313098b704861a105fe34231c70a3901c"
+checksum = "5e5032e24019045c762d3c0f28f5b6b8bbf38563a65908389bf7978758920897"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "mCaptcha"
@@ -2342,7 +2290,7 @@ checksum = "5cf92c10c7e361d6b99666ec1c6f9805b0bea2c3bd8c78dc6fe98ac5bd78db11"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.58",
+ "syn 2.0.117",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2424,9 +2372,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "num-conv"
-version = "0.1.0"
+version = "0.2.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "51d515d32fb182ee37cda2ccdcb92950d6a3c2893aa280e540671c2cd0f3b1d9"
+checksum = "c6673768db2d862beb9b39a78fdcb1a69439615d5794a1be50caa9bc92c81967"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "num-traits"
@@ -2545,20 +2493,40 @@ dependencies = [
  "sha2",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "paralegal-pdg"
+version = "0.1.0"
+dependencies = [
+ "allocative",
+ "anyhow",
+ "bincode",
+ "cfg-if",
+ "dot",
+ "internment",
+ "itertools 0.13.0",
+ "log",
+ "paralegal-utils",
+ "petgraph",
+ "serde",
+ "serde_json",
+ "static_assertions",
+ "strum 0.25.0",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "paralegal-policy"
 version = "0.1.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/brownsys/paralegal?rev=db06704d98f39394b125cfc5d5ec2d6553f54e04#db06704d98f39394b125cfc5d5ec2d6553f54e04"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
- "bitvec",
- "colored 1.9.4",
- "indexical",
+ "autocfg",
+ "colored 2.1.0",
+ "fixedbitset 0.5.7",
  "indexmap",
  "itertools 0.12.1",
  "lazy_static",
  "log",
- "paralegal-spdg",
+ "paralegal-pdg",
+ "paralegal-utils",
  "petgraph",
  "serde_json",
  "simple_logger",
@@ -2566,24 +2534,14 @@ dependencies = [
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "paralegal-spdg"
-version = "0.1.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/brownsys/paralegal?rev=db06704d98f39394b125cfc5d5ec2d6553f54e04#db06704d98f39394b125cfc5d5ec2d6553f54e04"
+name = "paralegal-utils"
+version = "0.0.1"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
- "bincode",
- "cfg-if",
- "dot",
- "flowistry_pdg",
- "indexical",
- "internment",
- "itertools 0.11.0",
- "log",
- "petgraph",
  "serde",
  "serde_json",
- "static_assertions",
- "strum 0.25.0",
+ "tracing",
+ "tracing-subscriber",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2657,7 +2615,7 @@ version = "0.6.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "e1d3afd2628e69da2be385eb6f2fd57c8ac7977ceeff6dc166ff1657b0e386a9"
 dependencies = [
- "fixedbitset",
+ "fixedbitset 0.4.2",
  "indexmap",
  "serde",
  "serde_derive",
@@ -2723,9 +2681,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "proc-macro2"
-version = "1.0.79"
+version = "1.0.106"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "e835ff2298f5721608eb1a980ecaee1aef2c132bf95ecc026a11b7bf3c01c02e"
+checksum = "8fd00f0bb2e90d81d1044c2b32617f68fcb9fa3bb7640c23e9c748e53fb30934"
 dependencies = [
  "unicode-ident",
 ]
@@ -2748,12 +2706,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "radium"
-version = "0.7.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "dc33ff2d4973d518d823d61aa239014831e521c75da58e3df4840d3f47749d09"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "rand"
 version = "0.8.5"
@@ -3005,10 +2957,11 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "serde"
-version = "1.0.197"
+version = "1.0.228"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "3fb1c873e1b9b056a4dc4c0c198b24c3ffa059243875552b2bd0933b1aee4ce2"
+checksum = "9a8e94ea7f378bd32cbbd37198a4a91436180c5bb472411e48b5ec2e2124ae9e"
 dependencies = [
+ "serde_core",
  "serde_derive",
 ]
 
@@ -3032,15 +2985,24 @@ dependencies = [
  "serde",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "serde_core"
+version = "1.0.228"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "41d385c7d4ca58e59fc732af25c3983b67ac852c1a25000afe1175de458b67ad"
+dependencies = [
+ "serde_derive",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "serde_derive"
-version = "1.0.197"
+version = "1.0.228"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7eb0b34b42edc17f6b7cac84a52a1c5f0e1bb2227e997ca9011ea3dd34e8610b"
+checksum = "d540f220d3187173da220f885ab66608367b6574e925011a9353e4badda91d79"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.58",
+ "syn 2.0.117",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -3133,15 +3095,14 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "simple_logger"
-version = "2.3.0"
+version = "5.2.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "48047e77b528151aaf841a10a9025f9459da80ba820e425ff7eb005708a76dc7"
+checksum = "c7038d0e96661bf9ce647e1a6f6ef6d6f3663f66d9bf741abf14ba4876071c17"
 dependencies = [
- "atty",
- "colored 2.1.0",
+ "colored 3.1.1",
  "log",
  "time",
- "winapi",
+ "windows-sys 0.61.2",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -3180,12 +3141,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "der",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "splitmut"
-version = "0.2.1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c85070f382340e8b23a75808e83573ddf65f9ad9143df9573ca37c1ed2ee956a"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "static_assertions"
 version = "1.1.0"
@@ -3226,7 +3181,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
  "rustversion",
- "syn 2.0.58",
+ "syn 2.0.117",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -3239,7 +3194,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
  "rustversion",
- "syn 2.0.58",
+ "syn 2.0.117",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -3270,9 +3225,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "syn"
-version = "2.0.58"
+version = "2.0.117"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "44cfb93f38070beee36b3fef7d4f5a16f27751d94b187b666a5cc5e9b0d30687"
+checksum = "e665b8803e7b1d2a727f4023456bbbbe74da67099c585258af0ad9c5013b9b99"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
@@ -3294,18 +3249,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "windows",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "take_mut"
-version = "0.2.2"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f764005d11ee5f36500a149ace24e00e3da98b0158b3e2d53a7495660d3f4d60"
-
-[[package]]
-name = "tap"
-version = "1.0.1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "55937e1799185b12863d447f42597ed69d9928686b8d88a1df17376a097d8369"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "tar"
 version = "0.4.40"
@@ -3355,7 +3298,7 @@ checksum = "c61f3ba182994efc43764a46c018c347bc492c79f024e705f46567b418f6d4f7"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.58",
+ "syn 2.0.117",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -3370,9 +3313,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "time"
-version = "0.3.34"
+version = "0.3.47"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c8248b6521bb14bc45b4067159b9b6ad792e2d6d754d6c41fb50e29fefe38749"
+checksum = "743bd48c283afc0388f9b8827b976905fb217ad9e647fae3a379a9283c4def2c"
 dependencies = [
  "deranged",
  "itoa",
@@ -3380,22 +3323,22 @@ dependencies = [
  "num-conv",
  "num_threads",
  "powerfmt",
- "serde",
+ "serde_core",
  "time-core",
  "time-macros",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "time-core"
-version = "0.1.2"
+version = "0.1.8"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "ef927ca75afb808a4d64dd374f00a2adf8d0fcff8e7b184af886c3c87ec4a3f3"
+checksum = "7694e1cfe791f8d31026952abf09c69ca6f6fa4e1a1229e18988f06a04a12dca"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "time-macros"
-version = "0.2.17"
+version = "0.2.27"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7ba3a3ef41e6672a2f0f001392bb5dcd3ff0a9992d618ca761a11c3121547774"
+checksum = "2e70e4c5a0e0a8a4823ad65dfe1a6930e4f4d756dcd9dd7939022b5e8c501215"
 dependencies = [
  "num-conv",
  "time-core",
@@ -3483,7 +3426,7 @@ checksum = "34704c8d6ebcbc939824180af020566b01a7c01f80641264eba0999f6c2b6be7"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.58",
+ "syn 2.0.117",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -3513,6 +3456,7 @@ version = "0.3.18"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "ad0f048c97dbd9faa9b7df56362b8ebcaa52adb06b498c050d2f4e32f90a7a8b"
 dependencies = [
+ "chrono",
  "matchers",
  "nu-ansi-term",
  "once_cell",
@@ -3520,6 +3464,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "sharded-slab",
  "smallvec",
  "thread_local",
+ "time",
  "tracing",
  "tracing-core",
  "tracing-log",
@@ -3651,7 +3596,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "once_cell",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.58",
+ "syn 2.0.117",
  "wasm-bindgen-shared",
 ]
 
@@ -3673,7 +3618,7 @@ checksum = "e94f17b526d0a461a191c78ea52bbce64071ed5c04c9ffe424dcb38f74171bb7"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.58",
+ "syn 2.0.117",
  "wasm-bindgen-backend",
  "wasm-bindgen-shared",
 ]
@@ -3746,6 +3691,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "windows-targets 0.52.4",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "windows-link"
+version = "0.2.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "f0805222e57f7521d6a62e36fa9163bc891acd422f971defe97d64e70d0a4fe5"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "windows-sys"
 version = "0.48.0"
@@ -3764,6 +3715,15 @@ dependencies = [
  "windows-targets 0.52.4",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "windows-sys"
+version = "0.61.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ae137229bcbd6cdf0f7b80a31df61766145077ddf49416a728b02cb3921ff3fc"
+dependencies = [
+ "windows-link",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "windows-targets"
 version = "0.48.5"
@@ -3896,15 +3856,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "memchr",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "wyz"
-version = "0.5.1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "05f360fc0b24296329c78fda852a1e9ae82de9cf7b27dae4b7f62f118f77b9ed"
-dependencies = [
- "tap",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "zerocopy"
 version = "0.7.32"
@@ -3922,7 +3873,7 @@ checksum = "9ce1b18ccd8e73a9321186f97e46f9f04b778851177567b1975109d26a08d2a6"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.58",
+ "syn 2.0.117",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index 9f0564e5..94577ea2 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 [workspace]
 members = ["griswold", "policies/*"]
+exclude = ["paralegal"]
 
 [workspace.dependencies]
-paralegal-policy = { git = "https://github.com/brownsys/paralegal", rev = "db06704d98f39394b125cfc5d5ec2d6553f54e04" }
-#paralegal-policy = { path = "../paralegal/crates/paralegal-policy" }
-paralegal-spdg = { git = "https://github.com/brownsys/paralegal", rev = "db06704d98f39394b125cfc5d5ec2d6553f54e04" }
-#paralegal-spdg = { path = "../paralegal/crates/paralegal-spdg" }
+paralegal-policy = { path = "paralegal/crates/policy" }
+# Cargo package alias: locally the crate was renamed paralegal-spdg → paralegal-pdg.
+paralegal-spdg = { path = "paralegal/crates/pdg", package = "paralegal-pdg" }
 clap = { version = "=4.4.18", features = ["derive"] }
 petgraph = { version = "0.6" }
 anyhow = { version = "1", features = ["backtrace"] }
diff --git a/bconf/bench-config.toml b/bconf/bench-config.toml
index 9c3ebb98..9d1d1077 100644
--- a/bconf/bench-config.toml
+++ b/bconf/bench-config.toml
@@ -44,13 +44,7 @@ original = "1"
 [app-config.hyperswitch]
 source-dir = "case-studies/hyperswitch"
 external-annotations = "external-annotations.toml"
-# There is a linker bug which triggers on transitive invocation of our
-# plugin in Hyperswitches build script. The --rustc-reset-for-linux overrides
-# environment variables set by cargo to use the "stock rustc" on such repeat
-# invocations. This is a hack that we only do here, becaus it could have other
-# incpatibility issues in other libraries if they rely on the rustc to be the
-# same version.
-flow-args = ["--target", "router", "--rustc-reset-for-linux"]
+flow-args = ["--target", "router"]
 cargo-args = ["--lib"]
 
 [app-config.contile]
diff --git a/case-studies/atomic-server/README.md b/case-studies/atomic-server/README.md
index 234ba40c..750aa1b4 100644
--- a/case-studies/atomic-server/README.md
+++ b/case-studies/atomic-server/README.md
@@ -4,4 +4,4 @@ https://github.com/atomicdata-dev/atomic-server
 ## Running dfpp
 Follow steps from [here](https://www.notion.so/justus-adam/Atomic-Data-applying-DFPP-b1f3d4d6a45b4387a8c0c824c367ea3c).
 
-`cargo dfpp  --external-annotations external-annotations.toml --target atomic_lib --verbose --abort-after-analysis --model-version v2 --inline-elision --skip-sigs`
\ No newline at end of file
+`cargo dfpp  --external-annotations external-annotations.toml --target atomic_lib --verbose --model-version v2 --inline-elision --skip-sigs`
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/case-studies/contile/Cargo.lock b/case-studies/contile/Cargo.lock
index 9d51a38b..959dac9b 100644
--- a/case-studies/contile/Cargo.lock
+++ b/case-studies/contile/Cargo.lock
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # This file is automatically @generated by Cargo.
 # It is not intended for manual editing.
-version = 3
+version = 4
 
 [[package]]
 name = "actix-codec"
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "actix-rt",
  "actix-service",
  "actix-utils",
- "ahash 0.8.3",
+ "ahash 0.8.11",
  "base64 0.21.0",
  "bitflags",
  "bytes",
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "actix-service",
  "actix-utils",
  "actix-web-codegen",
- "ahash 0.7.6",
+ "ahash 0.7.8",
  "bytes",
  "bytestring",
  "cfg-if",
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "serde_urlencoded",
  "smallvec",
  "socket2",
- "time 0.3.20",
+ "time 0.3.47",
  "url",
 ]
 
@@ -227,9 +227,9 @@ checksum = "f26201604c87b1e01bd3d98f8d5d9a8fcbb815e8cedb41ffccbeb4bf593a35fe"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "ahash"
-version = "0.7.6"
+version = "0.7.8"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "fcb51a0695d8f838b1ee009b3fbf66bda078cd64590202a864a8f3e8c4315c47"
+checksum = "891477e0c6a8957309ee5c45a6368af3ae14bb510732d2684ffa19af310920f9"
 dependencies = [
  "getrandom",
  "once_cell",
@@ -238,14 +238,15 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "ahash"
-version = "0.8.3"
+version = "0.8.11"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "2c99f64d1e06488f620f932677e24bc6e2897582980441ae90a671415bd7ec2f"
+checksum = "e89da841a80418a9b391ebaea17f5c112ffaaa96f621d2c285b5174da76b9011"
 dependencies = [
  "cfg-if",
  "getrandom",
  "once_cell",
  "version_check",
+ "zerocopy",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -298,7 +299,7 @@ checksum = "b9ccdd8f2a161be9bd5c023df56f1b2a0bd1d83872ae53b71a84a12c9bf6e842"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.12",
+ "syn 2.0.117",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -459,7 +460,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "cloud-storage"
 version = "0.11.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/mozilla-services/cloud-storage-rs?branch=release/0.11.1-client-builder-and-params#95581c1465c919c4dd303aedc1b31113db269fb7"
+source = "git+https://github.com/mozilla-services/cloud-storage-rs?branch=release%2F0.11.1-client-builder-and-params#95581c1465c919c4dd303aedc1b31113db269fb7"
 dependencies = [
  "async-trait",
  "base64 0.13.1",
@@ -689,7 +690,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
  "scratch",
- "syn 2.0.12",
+ "syn 2.0.117",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -706,7 +707,7 @@ checksum = "2345488264226bf682893e25de0769f3360aac9957980ec49361b083ddaa5bc5"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.12",
+ "syn 2.0.117",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -732,6 +733,15 @@ dependencies = [
  "uuid",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "deranged"
+version = "0.5.8"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "7cd812cc2bc1d69d4764bd80df88b4317eaef9e773c75226407d9bc0876b211c"
+dependencies = [
+ "powerfmt",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "derive_more"
 version = "0.99.17"
@@ -980,7 +990,7 @@ checksum = "89ca545a94061b6365f2c7355b4b32bd20df3ff95f02da9329b34ccc3bd6ee72"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.12",
+ "syn 2.0.117",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1096,7 +1106,7 @@ version = "0.12.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "8a9ee70c43aaf417c914396645a0fa852624801b24ebb7ae78fe8272889ac888"
 dependencies = [
- "ahash 0.7.6",
+ "ahash 0.7.8",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1554,6 +1564,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "num-traits",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "num-conv"
+version = "0.2.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "c6673768db2d862beb9b39a78fdcb1a69439615d5794a1be50caa9bc92c81967"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "num-integer"
 version = "0.1.45"
@@ -1614,9 +1630,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "once_cell"
-version = "1.17.1"
+version = "1.21.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "b7e5500299e16ebb147ae15a00a942af264cf3688f47923b8fc2cd5858f23ad3"
+checksum = "9f7c3e4beb33f85d45ae3e3a1792185706c8e16d043238c593331cc7cd313b50"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "openssl"
@@ -1765,7 +1781,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "pest_meta",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.12",
+ "syn 2.0.117",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1829,6 +1845,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "miniz_oxide",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "powerfmt"
+version = "0.2.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "439ee305def115ba05938db6eb1644ff94165c5ab5e9420d1c1bcedbba909391"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "ppv-lite86"
 version = "0.2.17"
@@ -1837,9 +1859,9 @@ checksum = "5b40af805b3121feab8a3c29f04d8ad262fa8e0561883e7653e024ae4479e6de"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "proc-macro2"
-version = "1.0.54"
+version = "1.0.106"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "e472a104799c74b514a57226160104aa483546de37e839ec50e3c2e41dd87534"
+checksum = "8fd00f0bb2e90d81d1044c2b32617f68fcb9fa3bb7640c23e9c748e53fb30934"
 dependencies = [
  "unicode-ident",
 ]
@@ -1855,9 +1877,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "quote"
-version = "1.0.26"
+version = "1.0.45"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "4424af4bf778aae2051a77b60283332f386554255d722233d09fbfc7e30da2fc"
+checksum = "41f2619966050689382d2b44f664f4bc593e129785a36d6ee376ddf37259b924"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
 ]
@@ -2201,29 +2223,39 @@ dependencies = [
  "serde",
  "serde_json",
  "thiserror",
- "time 0.3.20",
+ "time 0.3.47",
  "url",
  "uuid",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "serde"
-version = "1.0.159"
+version = "1.0.228"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9a8e94ea7f378bd32cbbd37198a4a91436180c5bb472411e48b5ec2e2124ae9e"
+dependencies = [
+ "serde_core",
+ "serde_derive",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "serde_core"
+version = "1.0.228"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "3c04e8343c3daeec41f58990b9d77068df31209f2af111e059e9fe9646693065"
+checksum = "41d385c7d4ca58e59fc732af25c3983b67ac852c1a25000afe1175de458b67ad"
 dependencies = [
  "serde_derive",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "serde_derive"
-version = "1.0.159"
+version = "1.0.228"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "4c614d17805b093df4b147b51339e7e44bf05ef59fba1e45d83500bcfb4d8585"
+checksum = "d540f220d3187173da220f885ab66608367b6574e925011a9353e4badda91d79"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.12",
+ "syn 2.0.117",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2386,7 +2418,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "slog",
  "term",
  "thread_local",
- "time 0.3.20",
+ "time 0.3.47",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2445,9 +2477,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "syn"
-version = "2.0.12"
+version = "2.0.117"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "79d9531f94112cfc3e4c8f5f02cb2b58f72c97b7efd85f70203cc6d8efda5927"
+checksum = "e665b8803e7b1d2a727f4023456bbbbe74da67099c585258af0ad9c5013b9b99"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
@@ -2510,7 +2542,7 @@ checksum = "f9456a42c5b0d803c8cd86e73dd7cc9edd429499f37a3550d286d5e86720569f"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.12",
+ "syn 2.0.117",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2547,30 +2579,34 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "time"
-version = "0.3.20"
+version = "0.3.47"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "cd0cbfecb4d19b5ea75bb31ad904eb5b9fa13f21079c3b92017ebdf4999a5890"
+checksum = "743bd48c283afc0388f9b8827b976905fb217ad9e647fae3a379a9283c4def2c"
 dependencies = [
+ "deranged",
  "itoa",
  "libc",
+ "num-conv",
  "num_threads",
- "serde",
+ "powerfmt",
+ "serde_core",
  "time-core",
  "time-macros",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "time-core"
-version = "0.1.0"
+version = "0.1.8"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "2e153e1f1acaef8acc537e68b44906d2db6436e2b35ac2c6b42640fff91f00fd"
+checksum = "7694e1cfe791f8d31026952abf09c69ca6f6fa4e1a1229e18988f06a04a12dca"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "time-macros"
-version = "0.2.8"
+version = "0.2.27"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "fd80a657e71da814b8e5d60d3374fc6d35045062245d80224748ae522dd76f36"
+checksum = "2e70e4c5a0e0a8a4823ad65dfe1a6930e4f4d756dcd9dd7939022b5e8c501215"
 dependencies = [
+ "num-conv",
  "time-core",
 ]
 
@@ -2616,7 +2652,7 @@ checksum = "61a573bdc87985e9d6ddeed1b3d864e8a302c847e40d647746df2f1de209d1ce"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.12",
+ "syn 2.0.117",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -3039,6 +3075,26 @@ dependencies = [
  "linked-hash-map",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "zerocopy"
+version = "0.7.35"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "1b9b4fd18abc82b8136838da5d50bae7bdea537c574d8dc1a34ed098d6c166f0"
+dependencies = [
+ "zerocopy-derive",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "zerocopy-derive"
+version = "0.7.35"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "fa4f8080344d4671fb4e831a13ad1e68092748387dfc4f55e356242fae12ce3e"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 2.0.117",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "zune-inflate"
 version = "0.2.53"
diff --git a/case-studies/freedit/Cargo.lock b/case-studies/freedit/Cargo.lock
index ab662fb9..8d14c70e 100644
--- a/case-studies/freedit/Cargo.lock
+++ b/case-studies/freedit/Cargo.lock
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # This file is automatically @generated by Cargo.
 # It is not intended for manual editing.
-version = 3
+version = 4
 
 [[package]]
 name = "addr2line"
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "nom",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.26",
+ "syn 2.0.32",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ checksum = "a564d521dd56509c4c47480d00b80ee55f7e385ae48db5744c67ad50c92d2ebf"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.26",
+ "syn 2.0.32",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -625,6 +625,16 @@ version = "2.4.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "c2e66c9d817f1720209181c316d28635c050fa304f9c79e47a520882661b7308"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "deranged"
+version = "0.5.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "d630bccd429a5bb5a64b5e94f693bfc48c9f8566418fda4c494cc94f911f87cc"
+dependencies = [
+ "powerfmt",
+ "serde",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "digest"
 version = "0.10.7"
@@ -884,7 +894,7 @@ checksum = "89ca545a94061b6365f2c7355b4b32bd20df3ff95f02da9329b34ccc3bd6ee72"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.26",
+ "syn 2.0.32",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1627,6 +1637,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "winapi",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "num-conv"
+version = "0.1.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "51d515d32fb182ee37cda2ccdcb92950d6a3c2893aa280e540671c2cd0f3b1d9"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "num-integer"
 version = "0.1.45"
@@ -1863,7 +1879,7 @@ checksum = "ec2e072ecce94ec471b13398d5402c188e76ac03cf74dd1a975161b23a3f6d9c"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.26",
+ "syn 2.0.32",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1897,6 +1913,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "miniz_oxide 0.7.1",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "powerfmt"
+version = "0.2.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "439ee305def115ba05938db6eb1644ff94165c5ab5e9420d1c1bcedbba909391"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "ppv-lite86"
 version = "0.2.17"
@@ -2284,22 +2306,22 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "serde"
-version = "1.0.171"
+version = "1.0.193"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "30e27d1e4fd7659406c492fd6cfaf2066ba8773de45ca75e855590f856dc34a9"
+checksum = "25dd9975e68d0cb5aa1120c288333fc98731bd1dd12f561e468ea4728c042b89"
 dependencies = [
  "serde_derive",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "serde_derive"
-version = "1.0.171"
+version = "1.0.193"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "389894603bd18c46fa56231694f8d827779c0951a667087194cf9de94ed24682"
+checksum = "43576ca501357b9b071ac53cdc7da8ef0cbd9493d8df094cd821777ea6e894d3"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.26",
+ "syn 2.0.32",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2498,9 +2520,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "syn"
-version = "2.0.26"
+version = "2.0.32"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "45c3457aacde3c65315de5031ec191ce46604304d2446e803d71ade03308d970"
+checksum = "239814284fd6f1a4ffe4ca893952cdd93c224b6a1571c9a9eadd670295c0c9e2"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
@@ -2719,7 +2741,7 @@ checksum = "463fe12d7993d3b327787537ce8dd4dfa058de32fc2b195ef3cde03dc4771e8f"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.26",
+ "syn 2.0.32",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2754,11 +2776,14 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "time"
-version = "0.3.23"
+version = "0.3.44"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "59e399c068f43a5d116fedaf73b203fa4f9c519f17e2b34f63221d3792f81446"
+checksum = "91e7d9e3bb61134e77bde20dd4825b97c010155709965fedf0f49bb138e52a9d"
 dependencies = [
+ "deranged",
  "itoa",
+ "num-conv",
+ "powerfmt",
  "serde",
  "time-core",
  "time-macros",
@@ -2766,16 +2791,17 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "time-core"
-version = "0.1.1"
+version = "0.1.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7300fbefb4dadc1af235a9cef3737cea692a9d97e1b9cbcd4ebdae6f8868e6fb"
+checksum = "40868e7c1d2f0b8d73e4a8c7f0ff63af4f6d19be117e90bd73eb1d62cf831c6b"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "time-macros"
-version = "0.2.10"
+version = "0.2.24"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "96ba15a897f3c86766b757e5ac7221554c6750054d74d5b28844fce5fb36a6c4"
+checksum = "30cfb0125f12d9c277f35663a0a33f8c30190f4e4574868a330595412d34ebf3"
 dependencies = [
+ "num-conv",
  "time-core",
 ]
 
@@ -2822,7 +2848,7 @@ checksum = "630bdcf245f78637c13ec01ffae6187cca34625e8c63150d424b59e55af2675e"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.26",
+ "syn 2.0.32",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2936,7 +2962,7 @@ checksum = "5f4f31f56159e98206da9efd823404b79b6ef3143b4a7ab76e67b1751b25a4ab"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.26",
+ "syn 2.0.32",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -3177,7 +3203,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "once_cell",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.26",
+ "syn 2.0.32",
  "wasm-bindgen-shared",
 ]
 
@@ -3211,7 +3237,7 @@ checksum = "54681b18a46765f095758388f2d0cf16eb8d4169b639ab575a8f5693af210c7b"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.26",
+ "syn 2.0.32",
  "wasm-bindgen-backend",
  "wasm-bindgen-shared",
 ]
diff --git a/case-studies/hyperswitch/Cargo.lock b/case-studies/hyperswitch/Cargo.lock
index 702090bf..98772be3 100644
--- a/case-studies/hyperswitch/Cargo.lock
+++ b/case-studies/hyperswitch/Cargo.lock
@@ -1811,6 +1811,16 @@ dependencies = [
  "rusticata-macros",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "deranged"
+version = "0.5.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "d630bccd429a5bb5a64b5e94f693bfc48c9f8566418fda4c494cc94f911f87cc"
+dependencies = [
+ "powerfmt",
+ "serde",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "derive_deref"
 version = "1.1.1"
@@ -3277,6 +3287,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "num-traits",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "num-conv"
+version = "0.1.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "51d515d32fb182ee37cda2ccdcb92950d6a3c2893aa280e540671c2cd0f3b1d9"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "num-integer"
 version = "0.1.45"
@@ -3761,6 +3777,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "windows-sys",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "powerfmt"
+version = "0.2.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "439ee305def115ba05938db6eb1644ff94165c5ab5e9420d1c1bcedbba909391"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "ppv-lite86"
 version = "0.2.17"
@@ -5329,11 +5351,14 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "time"
-version = "0.3.22"
+version = "0.3.44"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "ea9e1b3cf1243ae005d9e74085d4d542f3125458f3a81af210d901dcd7411efd"
+checksum = "91e7d9e3bb61134e77bde20dd4825b97c010155709965fedf0f49bb138e52a9d"
 dependencies = [
+ "deranged",
  "itoa",
+ "num-conv",
+ "powerfmt",
  "serde",
  "time-core",
  "time-macros",
@@ -5341,16 +5366,17 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "time-core"
-version = "0.1.1"
+version = "0.1.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7300fbefb4dadc1af235a9cef3737cea692a9d97e1b9cbcd4ebdae6f8868e6fb"
+checksum = "40868e7c1d2f0b8d73e4a8c7f0ff63af4f6d19be117e90bd73eb1d62cf831c6b"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "time-macros"
-version = "0.2.9"
+version = "0.2.24"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "372950940a5f07bf38dbe211d7283c9e6d7327df53794992d293e534c733d09b"
+checksum = "30cfb0125f12d9c277f35663a0a33f8c30190f4e4574868a330595412d34ebf3"
 dependencies = [
+ "num-conv",
  "time-core",
 ]
 
diff --git a/case-studies/lemmy/Cargo.lock b/case-studies/lemmy/Cargo.lock
index 178d9168..8cca7f4f 100644
--- a/case-studies/lemmy/Cargo.lock
+++ b/case-studies/lemmy/Cargo.lock
@@ -281,9 +281,9 @@ checksum = "aae1277d39aeec15cb388266ecc24b11c80469deae6067e17a1a7aa9e5c1f234"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "ahash"
-version = "0.7.6"
+version = "0.7.8"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "fcb51a0695d8f838b1ee009b3fbf66bda078cd64590202a864a8f3e8c4315c47"
+checksum = "891477e0c6a8957309ee5c45a6368af3ae14bb510732d2684ffa19af310920f9"
 dependencies = [
  "getrandom 0.2.6",
  "once_cell",
@@ -2018,9 +2018,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "once_cell"
-version = "1.12.0"
+version = "1.21.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7709cef83f0c1f58f666e746a08b21e0085f7440fa6a29cc194d68aac97a4225"
+checksum = "9f7c3e4beb33f85d45ae3e3a1792185706c8e16d043238c593331cc7cd313b50"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "opaque-debug"
diff --git a/case-studies/mCaptcha/Cargo.lock b/case-studies/mCaptcha/Cargo.lock
index 7751f1ea..18821fa9 100644
--- a/case-studies/mCaptcha/Cargo.lock
+++ b/case-studies/mCaptcha/Cargo.lock
@@ -991,6 +991,15 @@ dependencies = [
  "zeroize",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "deranged"
+version = "0.5.8"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "7cd812cc2bc1d69d4764bd80df88b4317eaef9e773c75226407d9bc0876b211c"
+dependencies = [
+ "powerfmt",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "derive_builder"
 version = "0.11.1"
@@ -2185,6 +2194,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "serde",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "num-conv"
+version = "0.1.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "51d515d32fb182ee37cda2ccdcb92950d6a3c2893aa280e540671c2cd0f3b1d9"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "num-integer"
 version = "0.1.45"
@@ -2537,6 +2552,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "universal-hash",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "powerfmt"
+version = "0.2.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "439ee305def115ba05938db6eb1644ff94165c5ab5e9420d1c1bcedbba909391"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "ppv-lite86"
 version = "0.2.17"
@@ -3060,22 +3081,22 @@ checksum = "bebd363326d05ec3e2f532ab7660680f3b02130d780c299bca73469d521bc0ed"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "serde"
-version = "1.0.147"
+version = "1.0.193"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d193d69bae983fc11a79df82342761dfbf28a99fc8d203dca4c3c1b590948965"
+checksum = "25dd9975e68d0cb5aa1120c288333fc98731bd1dd12f561e468ea4728c042b89"
 dependencies = [
  "serde_derive",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "serde_derive"
-version = "1.0.147"
+version = "1.0.193"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "4f1d362ca8fc9c3e3a7484440752472d68a6caa98f1ab81d99b5dfe517cec852"
+checksum = "43576ca501357b9b071ac53cdc7da8ef0cbd9493d8df094cd821777ea6e894d3"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 1.0.94",
+ "syn 2.0.38",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -3573,11 +3594,14 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "time"
-version = "0.3.22"
+version = "0.3.44"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "ea9e1b3cf1243ae005d9e74085d4d542f3125458f3a81af210d901dcd7411efd"
+checksum = "91e7d9e3bb61134e77bde20dd4825b97c010155709965fedf0f49bb138e52a9d"
 dependencies = [
+ "deranged",
  "itoa",
+ "num-conv",
+ "powerfmt",
  "serde",
  "time-core",
  "time-macros",
@@ -3585,16 +3609,17 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "time-core"
-version = "0.1.1"
+version = "0.1.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7300fbefb4dadc1af235a9cef3737cea692a9d97e1b9cbcd4ebdae6f8868e6fb"
+checksum = "40868e7c1d2f0b8d73e4a8c7f0ff63af4f6d19be117e90bd73eb1d62cf831c6b"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "time-macros"
-version = "0.2.9"
+version = "0.2.24"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "372950940a5f07bf38dbe211d7283c9e6d7327df53794992d293e534c733d09b"
+checksum = "30cfb0125f12d9c277f35663a0a33f8c30190f4e4574868a330595412d34ebf3"
 dependencies = [
+ "num-conv",
  "time-core",
 ]
 
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/Cargo.lock b/case-studies/plume/Cargo.lock
index 5368bc3c..95447dd7 100644
--- a/case-studies/plume/Cargo.lock
+++ b/case-studies/plume/Cargo.lock
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # This file is automatically @generated by Cargo.
 # It is not intended for manual editing.
-version = 3
+version = 4
 
 [[package]]
 name = "activitystreams"
@@ -117,9 +117,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "ahash"
-version = "0.7.6"
+version = "0.7.8"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "fcb51a0695d8f838b1ee009b3fbf66bda078cd64590202a864a8f3e8c4315c47"
+checksum = "891477e0c6a8957309ee5c45a6368af3ae14bb510732d2684ffa19af310920f9"
 dependencies = [
  "getrandom 0.2.8",
  "once_cell",
@@ -501,7 +501,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "iana-time-zone",
  "js-sys",
  "num-integer",
- "num-traits 0.2.15",
+ "num-traits 0.2.19",
  "serde 1.0.152",
  "time 0.1.45",
  "wasm-bindgen",
@@ -611,8 +611,6 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "conv"
 version = "0.3.3"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "78ff10625fd0ac447827aa30ea8b861fead473bb60aeb73af6c1c58caf0d1299"
 dependencies = [
  "custom_derive",
 ]
@@ -1066,8 +1064,6 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "devise_core"
 version = "0.2.1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d1053e9d5d5aade9bcedb5ab53b78df2b56ff9408a3138ce77eaaef87f932373"
 dependencies = [
  "bitflags 1.3.2",
  "proc-macro2 0.4.30",
@@ -1741,7 +1737,7 @@ version = "0.11.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "ab5ef0d4909ef3724cc8cce6ccc8572c5c817592e9285f5464f8e86f8bd3726e"
 dependencies = [
- "ahash 0.7.6",
+ "ahash 0.7.8",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1750,7 +1746,7 @@ version = "0.12.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "8a9ee70c43aaf417c914396645a0fa852624801b24ebb7ae78fe8272889ac888"
 dependencies = [
- "ahash 0.7.6",
+ "ahash 0.7.8",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2907,23 +2903,21 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "num-bigint"
-version = "0.4.3"
+version = "0.4.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f93ab6289c7b344a8a9f60f88d80aa20032336fe78da341afc91c8a2341fc75f"
+checksum = "a5e44f723f1133c9deac646763579fdb3ac745e418f2a7af9cd0c431da1f20b9"
 dependencies = [
- "autocfg 1.1.0",
  "num-integer",
- "num-traits 0.2.15",
+ "num-traits 0.2.19",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "num-integer"
-version = "0.1.45"
+version = "0.1.46"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "225d3389fb3509a24c93f5c29eb6bde2586b98d9f016636dff58d7c6f7569cd9"
+checksum = "7969661fd2958a5cb096e56c8e1ad0444ac2bbcd0061bd28660485a44879858f"
 dependencies = [
- "autocfg 1.1.0",
- "num-traits 0.2.15",
+ "num-traits 0.2.19",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2934,7 +2928,7 @@ checksum = "0638a1c9d0a3c0914158145bc76cff373a75a627e6ecbfb71cbe6f453a5a19b0"
 dependencies = [
  "autocfg 1.1.0",
  "num-integer",
- "num-traits 0.2.15",
+ "num-traits 0.2.19",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2943,14 +2937,14 @@ version = "0.1.43"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "92e5113e9fd4cc14ded8e499429f396a20f98c772a47cc8622a736e1ec843c31"
 dependencies = [
- "num-traits 0.2.15",
+ "num-traits 0.2.19",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "num-traits"
-version = "0.2.15"
+version = "0.2.19"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "578ede34cf02f8924ab9447f50c28075b4d3e5b269972345e7e0372b38c6cdcd"
+checksum = "071dfc062690e90b734c0b2273ce72ad0ffa95f0c74596bc250dcfd960262841"
 dependencies = [
  "autocfg 1.1.0",
 ]
@@ -3998,8 +3992,6 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "rocket"
 version = "0.4.11"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "83b9d9dc08c5dcc1d8126a9dd615545e6a358f8c13c883c8dfed8c0376fa355e"
 dependencies = [
  "atty",
  "base64 0.13.1",
@@ -4059,8 +4051,6 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "rocket_http"
 version = "0.4.11"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "2bf9cbd128e1f321a2d0bebd2b7cf0aafd89ca43edf69e49b56a5c46e48eb19f"
 dependencies = [
  "cookie 0.11.5",
  "hyper 0.10.16",
@@ -4109,7 +4099,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "num-bigint",
  "num-integer",
  "num-rational",
- "num-traits 0.2.15",
+ "num-traits 0.2.19",
  "tracing",
 ]
 
@@ -5260,8 +5250,6 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "traitobject"
 version = "0.1.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "efd1f82c56340fdf16f2a953d7bda4f8fdffba13d93b00844c25572110b26079"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "try-lock"
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/Cargo.toml b/case-studies/plume/Cargo.toml
index c49ef184..524a7f7e 100644
--- a/case-studies/plume/Cargo.toml
+++ b/case-studies/plume/Cargo.toml
@@ -77,10 +77,17 @@ search-lindera = ["plume-models/search-lindera"]
 
 [workspace]
 members = [
-    "plume-api", 
-    "plume-cli", 
-    "plume-models", 
-    "plume-common", 
-    #"plume-front", 
+    "plume-api",
+    "plume-cli",
+    "plume-models",
+    "plume-common",
+    #"plume-front",
     "plume-macro"
     ]
+
+[patch.crates-io]
+conv = { path = "vendor/conv" }
+devise_core = { path = "vendor/devise_core" }
+traitobject = { path = "vendor/traitobject" }
+rocket_http = { path = "vendor/rocket_http" }
+rocket = { path = "vendor/rocket" }
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/README.md b/case-studies/plume/README.md
index e99157a3..d79da586 100644
--- a/case-studies/plume/README.md
+++ b/case-studies/plume/README.md
@@ -6,9 +6,9 @@ Follow steps from [here](https://www.notion.so/justus-adam/Atomic-Data-applying-
 
 In `plume-models`:
 Pre-bug fix
-`cargo dfpp --external-annotations external-annotations.toml  --verbose --abort-after-analysis -- --lib --no-default-features --features postgres` 
+`cargo dfpp --external-annotations external-annotations.toml  --verbose -- --lib --no-default-features --features postgres` 
 
 Post-bug fix
-`cargo dfpp --external-annotations external-annotations.toml  --verbose --abort-after-analysis -- --lib --no-default-features --features postgres --features delete-comments` 
+`cargo dfpp --external-annotations external-annotations.toml  --verbose -- --lib --no-default-features --features postgres --features delete-comments` 
 
 Note: running this may sometimes return `could not resolve...` for the external annotations. Currently do not know why :( 
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/conv/.cargo-ok b/case-studies/plume/vendor/conv/.cargo-ok
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5f8b7958
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/conv/.cargo-ok
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/conv/.gitignore b/case-studies/plume/vendor/conv/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a9d37c56
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/conv/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+target
+Cargo.lock
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/conv/.travis.yml b/case-studies/plume/vendor/conv/.travis.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..067ec09c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/conv/.travis.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+language: rust
+script: cargo build --verbose && cargo test --verbose
+rust:
+  - 1.2.0
+  - 1.3.0
+  - 1.4.0
+  - 1.5.0
+  - 1.6.0
+  - stable
+  - beta
+  - nightly
+matrix:
+  allow_failures:
+    - rust: nightly
+branches:
+  except:
+    - /^issue-.*$/
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/conv/Cargo.toml b/case-studies/plume/vendor/conv/Cargo.toml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d1e40d5c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/conv/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+[package]
+name = "conv"
+version = "0.3.3"
+authors = ["Daniel Keep <daniel.keep@gmail.com>"]
+
+description = "This crate provides a number of conversion traits with more specific semantics than those provided by 'as' or 'From'/'Into'."
+repository = "https://github.com/DanielKeep/rust-conv"
+documentation = "https://danielkeep.github.io/rust-conv/doc/conv/index.html"
+readme = "README.md"
+license = "MIT"
+keywords = ["from", "into", "conversion", "approximation"]
+
+exclude = [
+    "scripts/*",
+    "update-docs.py",
+]
+
+[features]
+default = ["std"]
+std = []
+
+[dependencies]
+custom_derive = "0.1.2"
+
+[dev-dependencies]
+quickcheck = "0.2.21, < 0.2.25"
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/conv/LICENSE b/case-studies/plume/vendor/conv/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a2af29bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/conv/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+Copyright (c) 2015 Daniel Keep
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any
+person obtaining a copy of this software and associated
+documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the
+Software without restriction, including without
+limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
+publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of
+the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software
+is furnished to do so, subject to the following
+conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice
+shall be included in all copies or substantial portions
+of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF
+ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED
+TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A
+PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT
+SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR
+IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
+DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/conv/README.md b/case-studies/plume/vendor/conv/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..85a1a287
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/conv/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+
+# `conv`
+
+This crate provides a number of conversion traits with more specific semantics than those provided by `as` or `From`/`Into`.
+
+The goal with the traits provided here is to be more specific about what generic code can rely on, as well as provide reasonably self-describing alternatives to the standard `From`/`Into` traits.  For example, the although `T: From<U>` might be satisfied in generic code, this says nothing about what *kind* of conversion that represents.
+
+In addition, `From`/`Into` provide no facility for a conversion failing, meaning that implementations may need to choose between conversions that may not be valid, or panicking; neither option is appealing in general.
+
+**Links**
+
+* [Latest Release](https://crates.io/crates/scan-rules/)
+* [Latest Docs](https://danielkeep.github.io/rust-scan-rules/doc/scan_rules/index.html)
+* [Repository](https://github.com/DanielKeep/rust-scan-rules)
+
+## Compatibility
+
+`conv` is compatible with Rust 1.2 and higher.
+
+## Examples
+
+```rust
+# extern crate conv;
+# use conv::*;
+# fn main() {
+// This *cannot* fail, so we can use `unwrap_ok` to discard the `Result`.
+assert_eq!(u8::value_from(0u8).unwrap_ok(), 0u8);
+
+// This *can* fail.  Specifically, it can overflow toward negative infinity.
+assert_eq!(u8::value_from(0i8),     Ok(0u8));
+assert_eq!(u8::value_from(-1i8),    Err(NegOverflow(-1)));
+
+// This can overflow in *either* direction; hence the change to `RangeError`.
+assert_eq!(u8::value_from(-1i16),   Err(RangeError::NegOverflow(-1)));
+assert_eq!(u8::value_from(0i16),    Ok(0u8));
+assert_eq!(u8::value_from(256i16),  Err(RangeError::PosOverflow(256)));
+
+// We can use the extension traits to simplify this a little.
+assert_eq!(u8::value_from(-1i16).unwrap_or_saturate(),  0u8);
+assert_eq!(u8::value_from(0i16).unwrap_or_saturate(),   0u8);
+assert_eq!(u8::value_from(256i16).unwrap_or_saturate(), 255u8);
+
+// Obviously, all integers can be "approximated" using the default scheme (it
+// doesn't *do* anything), but they can *also* be approximated with the
+// `Wrapping` scheme.
+assert_eq!(
+    <u8 as ApproxFrom<_, DefaultApprox>>::approx_from(400u16),
+    Err(PosOverflow(400)));
+assert_eq!(
+    <u8 as ApproxFrom<_, Wrapping>>::approx_from(400u16),
+    Ok(144u8));
+
+// This is rather inconvenient; as such, there are a number of convenience
+// extension methods available via `ConvUtil` and `ConvAsUtil`.
+assert_eq!(400u16.approx(),                       Err::<u8, _>(PosOverflow(400)));
+assert_eq!(400u16.approx_by::<Wrapping>(),        Ok::<u8, _>(144u8));
+assert_eq!(400u16.approx_as::<u8>(),              Err(PosOverflow(400)));
+assert_eq!(400u16.approx_as_by::<u8, Wrapping>(), Ok(144));
+
+// Integer -> float conversions *can* fail due to limited precision.
+// Once the continuous range of exactly representable integers is exceeded, the
+// provided implementations fail with overflow errors.
+assert_eq!(f32::value_from(16_777_216i32), Ok(16_777_216.0f32));
+assert_eq!(f32::value_from(16_777_217i32), Err(RangeError::PosOverflow(16_777_217)));
+
+// Float -> integer conversions have to be done using approximations.  Although
+// exact conversions are *possible*, "advertising" this with an implementation
+// is misleading.
+//
+// Note that `DefaultApprox` for float -> integer uses whatever rounding
+// mode is currently active (*i.e.* whatever `as` would do).
+assert_eq!(41.0f32.approx(), Ok(41u8));
+assert_eq!(41.3f32.approx(), Ok(41u8));
+assert_eq!(41.5f32.approx(), Ok(41u8));
+assert_eq!(41.8f32.approx(), Ok(41u8));
+assert_eq!(42.0f32.approx(), Ok(42u8));
+
+assert_eq!(255.0f32.approx(), Ok(255u8));
+assert_eq!(256.0f32.approx(), Err::<u8, _>(FloatError::PosOverflow(256.0)));
+
+// Sometimes, it can be useful to saturate the conversion from float to
+// integer directly, then account for NaN as input separately.  The `Saturate`
+// extension trait exists for this reason.
+assert_eq!((-23.0f32).approx_as::<u8>().saturate(), Ok(0));
+assert_eq!(302.0f32.approx_as::<u8>().saturate(), Ok(255u8));
+assert!(std::f32::NAN.approx_as::<u8>().saturate().is_err());
+
+// If you really don't care about the specific kind of error, you can just rely
+// on automatic conversion to `GeneralErrorKind`.
+fn too_many_errors() -> Result<(), GeneralErrorKind> {
+    assert_eq!({let r: u8 = try!(0u8.value_into()); r},  0u8);
+    assert_eq!({let r: u8 = try!(0i8.value_into()); r},  0u8);
+    assert_eq!({let r: u8 = try!(0i16.value_into()); r}, 0u8);
+    assert_eq!({let r: u8 = try!(0.0f32.approx()); r},   0u8);
+    Ok(())
+}
+# let _ = too_many_errors();
+# }
+```
+
+## Change Log
+
+### v0.3.2
+
+- Added integer ↔ `char` conversions.
+- Added missing `isize`/`usize` → `f32`/`f64` conversions.
+- Fixed the error type of `i64` → `usize` for 64-bit targets.
+
+### v0.3.1
+
+- Change to `unwrap_ok` for better codegen (thanks bluss).
+- Fix for Rust breaking change (code in question was dodgy anyway; thanks m4rw3r).
+
+### v0.3.0
+
+- Added an `Error` constraint to all `Err` associated types.  This will break any user-defined conversions where the `Err` type does not implement `Error`.
+- Renamed the `Overflow` and `Underflow` errors to `PosOverflow` and `NegOverflow` respectively.  In the context of floating point conversions, "underflow" usually means the value was too close to zero to correctly represent.
+
+### v0.2.1
+
+- Added `ConvUtil::into_as<Dst>` as a shortcut for `Into::<Dst>::into`.
+- Added `#[inline]` attributes.
+- Added `Saturate::saturate`, which can saturate `Result`s arising from over/underflow.
+
+### v0.2.0
+
+- Changed all error types to include the original input as payload.  This breaks pretty much *everything*.  Sorry about that.  On the bright side, there's now no downside to using the conversion traits for non-`Copy` types.
+- Added the normal rounding modes for float → int approximations: `RoundToNearest`, `RoundToNegInf`, `RoundToPosInf`, and `RoundToZero`.
+- `ApproxWith` is now subsumed by a pair of extension traits (`ConvUtil` and `ConvAsUtil`), that also have shortcuts for `TryInto` and `ValueInto` so that you can specify the destination type on the method.
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/conv/src/errors.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/conv/src/errors.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9e005b04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/conv/src/errors.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,606 @@
+/*!
+This module defines the various error types that can be produced by a failed conversion.
+
+In addition, it also defines some extension traits to make working with failable conversions more ergonomic (see the `Unwrap*` traits).
+*/
+
+use std::any::Any;
+use std::error::Error;
+use std::fmt::{self, Debug, Display};
+use misc::{Saturated, InvalidSentinel, SignedInfinity};
+
+macro_rules! Desc {
+    (
+        ($desc:expr)
+        pub struct $name:ident<$t:ident> $_body:tt;
+    ) => {
+        impl<$t> Display for $name<$t> {
+            fn fmt(&self, fmt: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> Result<(), fmt::Error> {
+                write!(fmt, $desc)
+            }
+        }
+
+        impl<$t> Error for $name<$t> where $t: Any {
+            fn description(&self) -> &str {
+                $desc
+            }
+        }
+    };
+}
+
+macro_rules! DummyDebug {
+    (
+        () pub enum $name:ident<$t:ident> {
+            $(#[doc=$_doc:tt] $vname:ident($_vpay:ident),)+
+        }
+    ) => {
+        impl<$t> Debug for $name<$t> {
+            fn fmt(&self, fmt: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> Result<(), fmt::Error> {
+                let msg = match *self {
+                    $($name::$vname(_) => stringify!($vname),)+
+                };
+                write!(fmt, concat!(stringify!($name), "::{}(..)"), msg)
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    (
+        () pub struct $name:ident<$t:ident>(pub $_pay:ident);
+    ) => {
+        impl<$t> Debug for $name<$t> {
+            fn fmt(&self, fmt: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> Result<(), fmt::Error> {
+                write!(fmt, concat!(stringify!($name), "(..)"))
+            }
+        }
+    };
+}
+
+macro_rules! EnumDesc {
+    (
+        ($($vname:ident => $vdesc:expr,)+) 
+        pub enum $name:ident $_body:tt
+    ) => {
+        impl Display for $name {
+            fn fmt(&self, fmt: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> Result<(), fmt::Error> {
+                write!(fmt, "{}",
+                    match *self { $($name::$vname => $vdesc,)+ })
+            }
+        }
+
+        impl Error for $name {
+            fn description(&self) -> &str {
+                match *self { $($name::$vname => $vdesc,)+ }
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    (
+        ($($vname:ident => $vdesc:expr,)+) 
+        pub enum $name:ident<$t:ident> $_body:tt
+    ) => {
+        impl<$t> Display for $name<$t> {
+            fn fmt(&self, fmt: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> Result<(), fmt::Error> {
+                write!(fmt, "{}",
+                    match *self { $($name::$vname(..) => $vdesc,)+ })
+            }
+        }
+
+        impl<$t> Error for $name<$t> where $t: Any {
+            fn description(&self) -> &str {
+                match *self { $($name::$vname(..) => $vdesc,)+ }
+            }
+        }
+    };
+}
+
+macro_rules! FromName {
+    (
+        ($fname:ident)
+        pub enum $name:ident<$t:ident> $_body:tt
+    ) => {
+        impl<$t> From<$fname<$t>> for $name<$t> {
+            #[inline]
+            fn from(e: $fname<$t>) -> Self {
+                $name::$fname(e.into_inner())
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    (
+        ($fname:ident<$t:ident>)
+        pub enum $name:ident $_body:tt
+    ) => {
+        impl<$t> From<$fname<$t>> for $name {
+            #[inline]
+            fn from(_: $fname<$t>) -> Self {
+                $name::$fname
+            }
+        }
+    };
+}
+
+macro_rules! FromNoError {
+    (
+        () pub enum $name:ident $_body:tt
+    ) => {
+        impl From<NoError> for $name {
+            #[inline]
+            fn from(_: NoError) -> Self {
+                panic!(concat!("cannot convert NoError into ", stringify!($name)))
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    (
+        () pub enum $name:ident<$t:ident> $_body:tt
+    ) => {
+        impl<$t> From<NoError> for $name<$t> {
+            fn from(_: NoError) -> Self {
+                panic!(concat!("cannot convert NoError into ", stringify!($name)))
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    (
+        () pub struct $name:ident<$t:ident> $_body:tt;
+    ) => {
+        impl<$t> From<NoError> for $name<$t> {
+            fn from(_: NoError) -> Self {
+                panic!(concat!("cannot convert NoError into ", stringify!($name)))
+            }
+        }
+    };
+}
+
+macro_rules! FromRemap {
+    (
+        ($from:ident($($vname:ident),+))
+        pub enum $name:ident $_body:tt
+    ) => {
+        impl From<$from> for $name {
+            #[inline]
+            fn from(e: $from) -> Self {
+                match e {
+                    $($from::$vname => $name::$vname,)+
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    (
+        ($from:ident<$t:ident>($($vname:ident),+))
+        pub enum $name:ident $_body:tt
+    ) => {
+        impl<$t> From<$from<$t>> for $name {
+            #[inline]
+            fn from(e: $from<$t>) -> Self {
+                match e {
+                    $($from::$vname(..) => $name::$vname,)+
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    (
+        ($from:ident($($vname:ident),+))
+        pub enum $name:ident<$t:ident> $_body:tt
+    ) => {
+        impl<$t> From<$from<$t>> for $name<$t> {
+            #[inline]
+            fn from(e: $from<$t>) -> Self {
+                match e {
+                    $($from::$vname(v) => $name::$vname(v),)+
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    };
+}
+
+macro_rules! IntoInner {
+    (
+        () pub enum $name:ident<$t:ident> {
+            $(#[doc=$_doc:tt] $vname:ident($_vpay:ident),)+
+        }
+    ) => {
+        impl<$t> $name<$t> {
+            /// Returns the value stored in this error.
+            #[inline]
+            pub fn into_inner(self) -> $t {
+                match self { $($name::$vname(v))|+ => v }
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    (
+        () pub struct $name:ident<$t:ident>(pub $_pay:ident);
+    ) => {
+        impl<$t> $name<$t> {
+            /// Returns the value stored in this error.
+            #[inline]
+            pub fn into_inner(self) -> $t {
+                self.0
+            }
+        }
+    };
+}
+
+custom_derive!{
+    /**
+    A general error enumeration that subsumes all other conversion errors.
+
+    This exists primarily as a "catch-all" for reliably unifying various different kinds of conversion errors.
+    */
+    #[derive(
+        Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Ord, PartialOrd,
+        IntoInner, DummyDebug, FromNoError,
+        EnumDesc(
+            NegOverflow => "conversion resulted in negative overflow",
+            PosOverflow => "conversion resulted in positive overflow",
+            Unrepresentable => "could not convert unrepresentable value",
+        ),
+        FromName(Unrepresentable),
+        FromName(NegOverflow),
+        FromName(PosOverflow),
+        FromRemap(RangeError(NegOverflow, PosOverflow))
+    )]
+    pub enum GeneralError<T> {
+        /// Input was too negative for the target type.
+        NegOverflow(T),
+
+        /// Input was too positive for the target type.
+        PosOverflow(T),
+
+        /// Input was not representable in the target type.
+        Unrepresentable(T),
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T> From<FloatError<T>> for GeneralError<T> {
+    #[inline]
+    fn from(e: FloatError<T>) -> GeneralError<T> {
+        use self::FloatError as F;
+        use self::GeneralError as G;
+        match e {
+            F::NegOverflow(v) => G::NegOverflow(v),
+            F::PosOverflow(v) => G::PosOverflow(v),
+            F::NotANumber(v) => G::Unrepresentable(v),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+custom_derive! {
+    /**
+    A general error enumeration that subsumes all other conversion errors, but discards all input payloads the errors may be carrying.
+
+    This exists primarily as a "catch-all" for reliably unifying various different kinds of conversion errors, and between different input types.
+    */
+    #[derive(
+        Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Ord, PartialOrd, Debug,
+        FromNoError,
+        EnumDesc(
+            NegOverflow => "conversion resulted in negative overflow",
+            PosOverflow => "conversion resulted in positive overflow",
+            Unrepresentable => "could not convert unrepresentable value",
+        ),
+        FromName(Unrepresentable<T>),
+        FromName(NegOverflow<T>),
+        FromName(PosOverflow<T>),
+        FromRemap(RangeErrorKind(NegOverflow, PosOverflow)),
+        FromRemap(RangeError<T>(NegOverflow, PosOverflow)),
+        FromRemap(GeneralError<T>(NegOverflow, PosOverflow, Unrepresentable))
+    )]
+    pub enum GeneralErrorKind {
+        /// Input was too negative for the target type.
+        NegOverflow,
+
+        /// Input was too positive for the target type.
+        PosOverflow,
+
+        /// Input was not representable in the target type.
+        Unrepresentable,
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T> From<FloatError<T>> for GeneralErrorKind {
+    #[inline]
+    fn from(e: FloatError<T>) -> GeneralErrorKind {
+        use self::FloatError as F;
+        use self::GeneralErrorKind as G;
+        match e {
+            F::NegOverflow(..) => G::NegOverflow,
+            F::PosOverflow(..) => G::PosOverflow,
+            F::NotANumber(..) => G::Unrepresentable,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+Indicates that it is not possible for the conversion to fail.
+
+You can use the [`UnwrapOk::unwrap_ok`](./trait.UnwrapOk.html#tymethod.unwrap_ok) method to discard the (statically impossible) `Err` case from a `Result<_, NoError>`, without using `Result::unwrap` (which is typically viewed as a "code smell").
+*/
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Ord, PartialOrd, Debug)]
+pub enum NoError {}
+
+impl Display for NoError {
+    fn fmt(&self, _: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> Result<(), fmt::Error> {
+        unreachable!()
+    }
+}
+
+impl Error for NoError {
+    fn description(&self) -> &str {
+        unreachable!()
+    }
+}
+
+custom_derive! {
+    /// Indicates that the conversion failed because the value was not representable.
+    #[derive(
+        Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Ord, PartialOrd,
+        IntoInner, DummyDebug, FromNoError,
+        Desc("could not convert unrepresentable value")
+    )]
+    pub struct Unrepresentable<T>(pub T);
+}
+
+custom_derive! {
+    /// Indicates that the conversion failed due to a negative overflow.
+    #[derive(
+        Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Ord, PartialOrd,
+        IntoInner, DummyDebug, FromNoError,
+        Desc("conversion resulted in negative overflow")
+    )]
+    pub struct NegOverflow<T>(pub T);
+}
+
+custom_derive! {
+    /// Indicates that the conversion failed due to a positive overflow.
+    #[derive(
+        Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Ord, PartialOrd,
+        IntoInner, DummyDebug, FromNoError,
+        Desc("conversion resulted in positive overflow")
+    )]
+    pub struct PosOverflow<T>(pub T);
+}
+
+custom_derive! {
+    /**
+    Indicates that a conversion from a floating point type failed.
+    */
+    #[derive(
+        Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Ord, PartialOrd,
+        IntoInner, DummyDebug, FromNoError,
+        EnumDesc(
+            NegOverflow => "conversion resulted in negative overflow",
+            PosOverflow => "conversion resulted in positive overflow",
+            NotANumber => "conversion target does not support not-a-number",
+        ),
+        FromName(NegOverflow),
+        FromName(PosOverflow),
+        FromRemap(RangeError(NegOverflow, PosOverflow))
+    )]
+    pub enum FloatError<T> {
+        /// Input was too negative for the target type.
+        NegOverflow(T),
+
+        /// Input was too positive for the target type.
+        PosOverflow(T),
+
+        /// Input was not-a-number, which the target type could not represent.
+        NotANumber(T),
+    }
+}
+
+custom_derive! {
+    /**
+    Indicates that a conversion failed due to a range error.
+    */
+    #[derive(
+        Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Ord, PartialOrd,
+        IntoInner, DummyDebug, FromNoError,
+        EnumDesc(
+            NegOverflow => "conversion resulted in negative overflow",
+            PosOverflow => "conversion resulted in positive overflow",
+        ),
+        FromName(NegOverflow),
+        FromName(PosOverflow)
+    )]
+    pub enum RangeError<T> {
+        /// Input was too negative for the target type.
+        NegOverflow(T),
+
+        /// Input was too positive the target type.
+        PosOverflow(T),
+    }
+}
+
+custom_derive! {
+    /**
+    Indicates that a conversion failed due to a range error.
+
+    This is a variant of `RangeError` that does not retain the input value which caused the error.  It exists to help unify some utility methods and should not generally be used directly, unless you are targeting the `Unwrap*` traits.
+    */
+    #[derive(
+        Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Ord, PartialOrd, Debug,
+        FromNoError,
+        EnumDesc(
+            NegOverflow => "conversion resulted in negative overflow",
+            PosOverflow => "conversion resulted in positive overflow",
+        ),
+        FromName(NegOverflow<T>),
+        FromName(PosOverflow<T>),
+        FromRemap(RangeError<T>(NegOverflow, PosOverflow))
+    )]
+    pub enum RangeErrorKind {
+        /// Input was too negative for the target type.
+        NegOverflow,
+
+        /// Input was too positive for the target type.
+        PosOverflow,
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+Saturates a `Result`.
+*/
+pub trait Saturate {
+    /// The result of saturating.
+    type Output;
+
+    /**
+    Replaces an overflow error with a saturated value.
+
+    Unlike `unwrap_or_saturate`, this method can be used in cases where the `Result` error type can encode failures *other* than overflow and underflow.  For example, you cannot saturate a float-to-integer conversion using `unwrap_or_saturate` as the error might be `NotANumber`, which doesn't have a meaningful saturation "direction".
+
+    The output of this method will be a `Result` where the error type *does not* contain overflow conditions.  What conditions remain must still be dealt with in some fashion.
+    */
+    fn saturate(self) -> Self::Output;
+}
+
+impl<T, U> Saturate for Result<T, FloatError<U>>
+where T: Saturated {
+    type Output = Result<T, Unrepresentable<U>>;
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn saturate(self) -> Self::Output {
+        use self::FloatError::*;
+        match self {
+            Ok(v) => Ok(v),
+            Err(NegOverflow(_)) => Ok(T::saturated_min()),
+            Err(PosOverflow(_)) => Ok(T::saturated_max()),
+            Err(NotANumber(v)) => Err(Unrepresentable(v))
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T, U> Saturate for Result<T, RangeError<U>>
+where T: Saturated {
+    type Output = Result<T, NoError>;
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn saturate(self) -> Self::Output {
+        use self::RangeError::*;
+        match self {
+            Ok(v) => Ok(v),
+            Err(NegOverflow(_)) => Ok(T::saturated_min()),
+            Err(PosOverflow(_)) => Ok(T::saturated_max())
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T> Saturate for Result<T, RangeErrorKind>
+where T: Saturated {
+    type Output = Result<T, NoError>;
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn saturate(self) -> Self::Output {
+        use self::RangeErrorKind::*;
+        match self {
+            Ok(v) => Ok(v),
+            Err(NegOverflow) => Ok(T::saturated_min()),
+            Err(PosOverflow) => Ok(T::saturated_max())
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+Safely unwrap a `Result` that cannot contain an error.
+*/
+pub trait UnwrapOk<T> {
+    /**
+    Unwraps a `Result` without possibility of failing.
+
+    Technically, this is not necessary; it's provided simply to make user code a little clearer.
+    */
+    fn unwrap_ok(self) -> T;
+}
+
+impl<T> UnwrapOk<T> for Result<T, NoError> {
+    #[inline]
+    fn unwrap_ok(self) -> T {
+        match self {
+            Ok(v) => v,
+            Err(no_error) => match no_error {},
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+Unwrap a conversion by saturating to infinity.
+*/
+pub trait UnwrapOrInf {
+    /// The result of unwrapping.
+    type Output;
+
+    /**
+    Either unwraps the successfully converted value, or saturates to infinity in the "direction" of overflow.
+    */
+    fn unwrap_or_inf(self) -> Self::Output;
+}
+
+/**
+Unwrap a conversion by replacing a failure with an invalid sentinel value.
+*/
+pub trait UnwrapOrInvalid {
+    /// The result of unwrapping.
+    type Output;
+
+    /**
+    Either unwraps the successfully converted value, or returns the output type's invalid sentinel value.
+    */
+    fn unwrap_or_invalid(self) -> Self::Output;
+}
+
+/**
+Unwrap a conversion by saturating.
+*/
+pub trait UnwrapOrSaturate {
+    /// The result of unwrapping.
+    type Output;
+
+    /**
+    Either unwraps the successfully converted value, or saturates in the "direction" of overflow.
+    */
+    fn unwrap_or_saturate(self) -> Self::Output;
+}
+
+impl<T, E> UnwrapOrInf for Result<T, E>
+where T: SignedInfinity, E: Into<RangeErrorKind> {
+    type Output = T;
+    #[inline]
+    fn unwrap_or_inf(self) -> T {
+        use self::RangeErrorKind::*;
+        match self.map_err(Into::into) {
+            Ok(v) => v,
+            Err(NegOverflow) => T::neg_infinity(),
+            Err(PosOverflow) => T::pos_infinity(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T, E> UnwrapOrInvalid for Result<T, E>
+where T: InvalidSentinel {
+    type Output = T;
+    #[inline]
+    fn unwrap_or_invalid(self) -> T {
+        match self {
+            Ok(v) => v,
+            Err(..) => T::invalid_sentinel(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T, E> UnwrapOrSaturate for Result<T, E>
+where T: Saturated, E: Into<RangeErrorKind> {
+    type Output = T;
+    #[inline]
+    fn unwrap_or_saturate(self) -> T {
+        use self::RangeErrorKind::*;
+        match self.map_err(Into::into) {
+            Ok(v) => v,
+            Err(NegOverflow) => T::saturated_min(),
+            Err(PosOverflow) => T::saturated_max(),
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/conv/src/impls.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/conv/src/impls.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..424ee833
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/conv/src/impls.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,591 @@
+macro_rules! max_of {
+    ($name:ident) => { ::std::$name::MAX };
+}
+
+macro_rules! min_of {
+    ($name:ident) => { ::std::$name::MIN };
+}
+
+macro_rules! approx_blind {
+    (($($attrs:tt)*), $src:ty, $dst:ty, $scheme:ty) => {
+        as_item! {
+            $($attrs)*
+            impl ::ApproxFrom<$src, $scheme> for $dst {
+                type Err = ::errors::NoError;
+                #[inline]
+                fn approx_from(src: $src) -> Result<$dst, Self::Err> {
+                    Ok(src as $dst)
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    };
+}
+
+macro_rules! approx_z_to_dmax {
+    (($($attrs:tt)*), $src:ty, $dst:ident, $scheme:ty) => {
+        as_item! {
+            $($attrs)*
+            impl ::ApproxFrom<$src, $scheme> for $dst {
+                type Err = ::errors::RangeError<$src>;
+                #[inline]
+                fn approx_from(src: $src) -> Result<$dst, Self::Err> {
+                    if !(0 <= src) {
+                        return Err(::errors::RangeError::NegOverflow(src));
+                    }
+                    if !(src <= max_of!($dst) as $src) {
+                        return Err(::errors::RangeError::PosOverflow(src));
+                    }
+                    Ok(src as $dst)
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    };
+}
+
+macro_rules! approx_to_dmax {
+    (($($attrs:tt)*), $src:ty, $dst:ident, $scheme:ty) => {
+        as_item! {
+            $($attrs)*
+            impl ::ApproxFrom<$src, $scheme> for $dst {
+                type Err = ::errors::PosOverflow<$src>;
+                #[inline]
+                fn approx_from(src: $src) -> Result<$dst, Self::Err> {
+                    if !(src <= max_of!($dst) as $src) {
+                        return Err(::errors::PosOverflow(src));
+                    }
+                    Ok(src as $dst)
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    };
+}
+
+macro_rules! approx_dmin_to_dmax {
+    (($($attrs:tt)*), $src:ty, $dst:ident, $scheme:ty) => {
+        as_item! {
+            $($attrs)*
+            impl ::ApproxFrom<$src, $scheme> for $dst {
+                type Err = ::errors::RangeError<$src>;
+                #[inline]
+                fn approx_from(src: $src) -> Result<$dst, Self::Err> {
+                    if !(min_of!($dst) as $src <= src) {
+                        return Err(::errors::RangeError::NegOverflow(src));
+                    }
+                    if !(src <= max_of!($dst) as $src) {
+                        return Err(::errors::RangeError::PosOverflow(src));
+                    }
+                    Ok(src as $dst)
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+macro_rules! approx_z_up {
+    (($($attrs:tt)*), $src:ty, $dst:ident, $scheme:ty) => {
+        as_item! {
+            $($attrs)*
+            impl ::ApproxFrom<$src, $scheme> for $dst {
+                type Err = ::errors::NegOverflow<$src>;
+                #[inline]
+                fn approx_from(src: $src) -> Result<$dst, Self::Err> {
+                    if !(0 <= src) {
+                        return Err(::errors::NegOverflow(src));
+                    }
+                    Ok(src as $dst)
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    };
+}
+
+macro_rules! approx_dmin_to_dmax_no_nan {
+    (($($attrs:tt)*), $src:ty, $dst:ident, $scheme:ty) => {
+        approx_dmin_to_dmax_no_nan! { ($($attrs)*), $src, $dst, $scheme, approx: |s| s }
+    };
+
+    (($($attrs:tt)*), $src:ty, $dst:ident, $scheme:ty, approx: |$src_name:ident| $conv:expr) => {
+        approx_range_no_nan! {
+            ($($attrs)*), $src,
+            $dst, [min_of!($dst) as $src, max_of!($dst) as $src],
+            $scheme, approx: |$src_name| $conv
+        }
+    };
+}
+
+macro_rules! approx_range_no_nan {
+    (($($attrs:tt)*), $src:ty, $dst:ident, [$min:expr, $max:expr], $scheme:ty) => {
+        approx_range_no_nan! { ($($attrs)*), $src, $dst,  [$min, $max], $scheme, approx: |s| s }
+    };
+
+    (($($attrs:tt)*), $src:ty, $dst:ident, [$min:expr, $max:expr], $scheme:ty, approx: |$src_name:ident| $conv:expr) => {
+        as_item! {
+            $($attrs)*
+            impl ::ApproxFrom<$src, $scheme> for $dst {
+                type Err = ::errors::FloatError<$src>;
+                #[inline]
+                fn approx_from(src: $src) -> Result<$dst, Self::Err> {
+                    if src.is_nan() {
+                        return Err(::errors::FloatError::NotANumber(src));
+                    }
+                    let approx = { let $src_name = src; $conv };
+                    if !($min <= approx) {
+                        return Err(::errors::FloatError::NegOverflow(src));
+                    }
+                    if !(approx <= $max) {
+                        return Err(::errors::FloatError::PosOverflow(src));
+                    }
+                    Ok(approx as $dst)
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    };
+}
+
+macro_rules! num_conv {
+    (@ $src:ty=> $(,)*) => {};
+
+    (@ $src:ty=> #[32] $($tail:tt)*) => {
+        num_conv! { @ $src=> (#[cfg(target_pointer_width="32")]) $($tail)* }
+    };
+
+    (@ $src:ty=> #[64] $($tail:tt)*) => {
+        num_conv! { @ $src=> (#[cfg(target_pointer_width="64")]) $($tail)* }
+    };
+
+    (@ $src:ty=> e   $($tail:tt)*) => { num_conv! { @ $src=> () e   $($tail)* } };
+    (@ $src:ty=> n+  $($tail:tt)*) => { num_conv! { @ $src=> () n+  $($tail)* } };
+    (@ $src:ty=> n   $($tail:tt)*) => { num_conv! { @ $src=> () n   $($tail)* } };
+    (@ $src:ty=> w+  $($tail:tt)*) => { num_conv! { @ $src=> () w+  $($tail)* } };
+    (@ $src:ty=> w   $($tail:tt)*) => { num_conv! { @ $src=> () w   $($tail)* } };
+    (@ $src:ty=> aW  $($tail:tt)*) => { num_conv! { @ $src=> () aW  $($tail)* } };
+    (@ $src:ty=> nf  $($tail:tt)*) => { num_conv! { @ $src=> () nf  $($tail)* } };
+    (@ $src:ty=> fan $($tail:tt)*) => { num_conv! { @ $src=> () fan $($tail)* } };
+
+    // Exact conversion
+    (@ $src:ty=> ($($attrs:tt)*) e $dst:ty, $($tail:tt)*) => {
+        as_item! {
+            approx_blind! { ($($attrs)*), $src, $dst, ::DefaultApprox }
+            approx_blind! { ($($attrs)*), $src, $dst, ::Wrapping }
+
+            $($attrs)*
+            impl ::ValueFrom<$src> for $dst {
+                type Err = ::errors::NoError;
+                #[inline]
+                fn value_from(src: $src) -> Result<$dst, Self::Err> {
+                    Ok(src as $dst)
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        num_conv! { @ $src=> $($tail)* }
+    };
+
+    // Narrowing a signed type *into* an unsigned type where the destination type's maximum value is representable by the source type.
+    (@ $src:ty=> ($($attrs:tt)*) n+ $dst:ident, $($tail:tt)*) => {
+        as_item! {
+            approx_z_to_dmax! { ($($attrs)*), $src, $dst, ::DefaultApprox }
+            approx_blind! { ($($attrs)*), $src, $dst, ::Wrapping }
+
+            $($attrs)*
+            impl ::ValueFrom<$src> for $dst {
+                type Err = ::errors::RangeError<$src>;
+                #[inline]
+                fn value_from(src: $src) -> Result<$dst, Self::Err> {
+                    if !(0 <= src) {
+                        return Err(::errors::RangeError::NegOverflow(src));
+                    }
+                    if !(src <= max_of!($dst) as $src) {
+                        return Err(::errors::RangeError::PosOverflow(src));
+                    }
+                    Ok(src as $dst)
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        num_conv! { @ $src=> $($tail)* }
+    };
+
+    // Narrowing an unsigned type *into* a type where the destination type's maximum value is representable by the source type.
+    (@ $src:ty=> ($($attrs:tt)*) n- $dst:ident, $($tail:tt)*) => {
+        as_item! {
+            approx_to_dmax! { ($($attrs)*), $src, $dst, ::DefaultApprox }
+            approx_blind! { ($($attrs)*), $src, $dst, ::Wrapping }
+
+            $($attrs)*
+            impl ::ValueFrom<$src> for $dst {
+                type Err = ::errors::PosOverflow<$src>;
+                #[inline]
+                fn value_from(src: $src) -> Result<$dst, Self::Err> {
+                    if !(src <= max_of!($dst) as $src) {
+                        return Err(::errors::PosOverflow(src));
+                    }
+                    Ok(src as $dst)
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        num_conv! { @ $src=> $($tail)* }
+    };
+
+    // Narrowing where the destination type's bounds are representable by the source type.
+    (@ $src:ty=> ($($attrs:tt)*) n $dst:ident, $($tail:tt)*) => {
+        as_item! {
+            approx_dmin_to_dmax! { ($($attrs)*), $src, $dst, ::DefaultApprox }
+            approx_blind! { ($($attrs)*), $src, $dst, ::Wrapping }
+
+            $($attrs)*
+            impl ::ValueFrom<$src> for $dst {
+                type Err = ::errors::RangeError<$src>;
+                #[inline]
+                fn value_from(src: $src) -> Result<$dst, Self::Err> {
+                    if !(min_of!($dst) as $src <= src) {
+                        return Err(::errors::RangeError::NegOverflow(src));
+                    }
+                    if !(src <= max_of!($dst) as $src) {
+                        return Err(::errors::RangeError::PosOverflow(src));
+                    }
+                    Ok(src as $dst)
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        num_conv! { @ $src=> $($tail)* }
+    };
+
+    // Widening a signed type *into* an unsigned type.
+    (@ $src:ty=> ($($attrs:tt)*) w+ $dst:ident, $($tail:tt)*) => {
+        as_item! {
+            approx_z_up! { ($($attrs)*), $src, $dst, ::DefaultApprox }
+            approx_blind! { ($($attrs)*), $src, $dst, ::Wrapping }
+
+            $($attrs)*
+            impl ::ValueFrom<$src> for $dst {
+                type Err = ::errors::NegOverflow<$src>;
+                #[inline]
+                fn value_from(src: $src) -> Result<$dst, Self::Err> {
+                    if !(0 <= src) {
+                        return Err(::errors::NegOverflow(src));
+                    }
+                    Ok(src as $dst)
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        num_conv! { @ $src=> $($tail)* }
+    };
+
+    // Widening.
+    (@ $src:ty=> ($($attrs:tt)*) w $dst:ident, $($tail:tt)*) => {
+        as_item! {
+            approx_blind! { ($($attrs)*), $src, $dst, ::DefaultApprox }
+            approx_blind! { ($($attrs)*), $src, $dst, ::Wrapping }
+
+            $($attrs)*
+            impl ::ValueFrom<$src> for $dst {
+                type Err = ::errors::NoError;
+                #[inline]
+                fn value_from(src: $src) -> Result<$dst, Self::Err> {
+                    Ok(src as $dst)
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        num_conv! { @ $src=> $($tail)* }
+    };
+
+    // Narrowing *into* a floating-point type where the conversion is only exact within a given range.
+    (@ $src:ty=> ($($attrs:tt)*) nf [+- $bound:expr] $dst:ident, $($tail:tt)*) => {
+        as_item! {
+            approx_blind! { ($($attrs)*), $src, $dst, ::DefaultApprox }
+
+            $($attrs)*
+            impl ::ValueFrom<$src> for $dst {
+                type Err = ::errors::RangeError<$src>;
+                #[inline]
+                fn value_from(src: $src) -> Result<$dst, Self::Err> {
+                    if !(-$bound <= src) {
+                        return Err(::errors::RangeError::NegOverflow(src));
+                    }
+                    if !(src <= $bound) {
+                        return Err(::errors::RangeError::PosOverflow(src));
+                    }
+                    Ok(src as $dst)
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        num_conv! { @ $src=> $($tail)* }
+    };
+
+    (@ $src:ty=> ($($attrs:tt)*) nf [, $max:expr] $dst:ident, $($tail:tt)*) => {
+        as_item! {
+            approx_blind! { ($($attrs)*), $src, $dst, ::DefaultApprox }
+
+            $($attrs)*
+            impl ::ValueFrom<$src> for $dst {
+                type Err = ::errors::PosOverflow<$src>;
+                #[inline]
+                fn value_from(src: $src) -> Result<$dst, Self::Err> {
+                    if !(src <= $max) {
+                        return Err(::errors::PosOverflow(src));
+                    }
+                    Ok(src as $dst)
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        num_conv! { @ $src=> $($tail)* }
+    };
+
+    // Approximately narrowing a floating point value *into* a type where the source value is constrained by the given range of values.
+    (@ $src:ty=> ($($attrs:tt)*) fan [$min:expr, $max:expr] $dst:ident, $($tail:tt)*) => {
+        as_item! {
+            approx_range_no_nan! { ($($attrs)*), $src, $dst, [$min, $max],
+                ::DefaultApprox }
+            approx_range_no_nan! { ($($attrs)*), $src, $dst, [$min, $max],
+                ::RoundToNearest, approx: |s| s.round() }
+            approx_range_no_nan! { ($($attrs)*), $src, $dst, [$min, $max],
+                ::RoundToNegInf, approx: |s| s.floor() }
+            approx_range_no_nan! { ($($attrs)*), $src, $dst, [$min, $max],
+                ::RoundToPosInf, approx: |s| s.ceil() }
+            approx_range_no_nan! { ($($attrs)*), $src, $dst, [$min, $max],
+                ::RoundToZero, approx: |s| s.trunc() }
+        }
+        num_conv! { @ $src=> $($tail)* }
+    };
+
+    (@ $src:ty=> ($($attrs:tt)*) fan $dst:ident, $($tail:tt)*) => {
+        as_item! {
+            approx_dmin_to_dmax_no_nan! { ($($attrs)*), $src, $dst, ::DefaultApprox }
+            approx_dmin_to_dmax_no_nan! { ($($attrs)*), $src, $dst, ::RoundToNearest,
+                approx: |s| s.round() }
+            approx_dmin_to_dmax_no_nan! { ($($attrs)*), $src, $dst, ::RoundToNegInf,
+                approx: |s| s.floor() }
+            approx_dmin_to_dmax_no_nan! { ($($attrs)*), $src, $dst, ::RoundToPosInf,
+                approx: |s| s.ceil() }
+            approx_dmin_to_dmax_no_nan! { ($($attrs)*), $src, $dst, ::RoundToZero,
+                approx: |s| s.trunc() }
+        }
+        num_conv! { @ $src=> $($tail)* }
+    };
+
+    ($src:ty=> $($tail:tt)*) => {
+        num_conv! { @ $src=> $($tail)*, }
+    };
+}
+
+mod lang_ints {
+    num_conv! { i8=>  w i16, w i32, w i64, w+u8, w+u16, w+u32, w+u64, w isize, w+usize }
+    num_conv! { i16=> n i8, w i32, w i64, n+u8, w+u16, w+u32, w+u64, w isize, w+usize }
+    num_conv! { i32=> n i8, n i16, w i64, n+u8, n+u16, w+u32, w+u64 }
+    num_conv! { i64=> n i8, n i16, n i32, n+u8, n+u16, n+u32, w+u64 }
+    num_conv! { i32=> #[32] e isize, #[64] w isize, w+usize }
+    num_conv! { i64=> #[32] n isize, #[64] e isize, #[32] n+usize, #[64] w+usize }
+
+    num_conv! { u8=> n-i8, w i16, w i32, w i64, w u16, w u32, w u64, w isize, w usize }
+    num_conv! { u16=> n-i8, n-i16, w i32, w i64, n-u8, w u32, w u64, w isize, w usize }
+    num_conv! { u32=> n-i8, n-i16, n-i32, w i64, n-u8, n-u16, w u64 }
+    num_conv! { u64=> n-i8, n-i16, n-i32, n-i64, n-u8, n-u16, n-u32 }
+    num_conv! { u32=> #[32] n-isize, #[64] w isize, #[32] e usize, #[64] w usize }
+    num_conv! { u64=> n-isize, #[32] n-usize, #[64] e usize }
+
+    num_conv! { isize=> n i8, n i16, #[32] e i32, #[32] w i64, #[64] n i32, #[64] e i64 }
+    num_conv! { isize=> n+u8, n+u16, #[32] w+u32, #[32] w+u64, #[64] n+u32, #[64] w+u64 }
+    num_conv! { isize=> w+usize }
+
+    num_conv! { usize=> n-i8, n-i16, #[32] n-i32, #[32] w i64, #[64] n-i32, #[64] n-i64 }
+    num_conv! { usize=> n-u8, n-u16, #[32] e u32, #[32] w u64, #[64] n-u32, #[64] e u64 }
+    num_conv! { usize=> n-isize }
+}
+
+mod lang_floats {
+    use {ApproxFrom, ApproxScheme};
+    use ValueFrom;
+    use errors::{NoError, RangeError};
+
+    // f32 -> f64: strictly widening
+    impl<Scheme> ApproxFrom<f32, Scheme> for f64
+    where Scheme: ApproxScheme {
+        type Err = NoError;
+        #[inline]
+        fn approx_from(src: f32) -> Result<f64, Self::Err> {
+            Ok(src as f64)
+        }
+    }
+
+    impl ValueFrom<f32> for f64 {
+        type Err = NoError;
+        #[inline]
+        fn value_from(src: f32) -> Result<f64, Self::Err> {
+            Ok(src as f64)
+        }
+    }
+
+    // f64 -> f32: narrowing, approximate
+    impl ApproxFrom<f64> for f32 {
+        type Err = RangeError<f64>;
+        #[inline]
+        fn approx_from(src: f64) -> Result<f32, Self::Err> {
+            if !src.is_finite() {
+                return Ok(src as f32);
+            }
+            if !(::std::f32::MIN as f64 <= src) {
+                return Err(RangeError::NegOverflow(src));
+            }
+            if !(src <= ::std::f32::MAX as f64) {
+                return Err(RangeError::PosOverflow(src));
+            }
+            Ok(src as f32)
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+mod lang_int_to_float {
+    num_conv! { i8=>  w f32, w f64 }
+    num_conv! { i16=> w f32, w f64 }
+    num_conv! { i32=> nf [+- 16_777_216] f32, w f64 }
+    num_conv! { i64=> nf [+- 16_777_216] f32, nf [+- 9_007_199_254_740_992] f64 }
+
+    num_conv! { u8=>  w f32, w f64 }
+    num_conv! { u16=> w f32, w f64 }
+    num_conv! { u32=> nf [, 16_777_216] f32, w f64 }
+    num_conv! { u64=> nf [, 16_777_216] f32, nf [, 9_007_199_254_740_992] f64 }
+
+    num_conv! { isize=> nf [+- 16_777_216] f32,
+        #[32] w f64, #[64] nf [+- 9_007_199_254_740_992] f64 }
+    num_conv! { usize=> nf [, 16_777_216] f32,
+        #[32] w f64, #[64] nf [, 9_007_199_254_740_992] f64 }
+}
+
+mod lang_float_to_int {
+    /*
+    We use explicit ranges on narrowing float-to-int conversions because it *turns out* that just because you can cast an integer to a float, this *does not* mean you can cast it back and get the original input.  The non-explicit-range implementation of `fan` *depends* on this, so it was kinda *totally broken* for narrowing conversions.
+
+    *Yeah.*  That's floating point for you!
+    */
+    num_conv! { f32=> fan i8, fan i16,
+        fan [-2.1474836e9, 2.1474835e9] i32,
+        fan [-9.223372e18, 9.2233715e18] i64 }
+    num_conv! { f32=> fan u8, fan u16,
+        fan [0.0, 4.294967e9] u32,
+        fan [0.0, 1.8446743e19] u64 }
+    num_conv! { f32=>
+        #[32] fan [-2.1474836e9, 2.1474835e9] isize,
+        #[32] fan [0.0, 4.294967e9] usize,
+        #[64] fan [-9.223372e18, 9.2233715e18] isize,
+        #[64] fan [0.0, 1.8446743e19] usize }
+
+    num_conv! { f64=> fan i8, fan i16, fan i32,
+        fan [-9.223372036854776e18, 9.223372036854775e18] i64 }
+    num_conv! { f64=> fan u8, fan u16, fan u32,
+        fan [0.0, 1.844674407370955e19] u64 }
+    num_conv! { f64=>
+        #[32] fan isize, #[32] fan usize,
+        #[64] fan [-9.223372036854776e18, 9.223372036854775e18] isize,
+        #[64] fan [0.0, 1.844674407370955e19] usize }
+}
+
+mod lang_char_to_int {
+    use TryFrom;
+    use ValueFrom;
+    use errors::{NoError, PosOverflow};
+
+    impl TryFrom<char> for u32 {
+        type Err = NoError;
+        #[inline]
+        fn try_from(src: char) -> Result<u32, Self::Err> {
+            Ok(src as u32)
+        }
+    }
+
+    impl TryFrom<char> for usize {
+        type Err = NoError;
+        #[inline]
+        fn try_from(src: char) -> Result<usize, Self::Err> {
+            Ok(src as usize)
+        }
+    }
+
+    impl TryFrom<char> for isize {
+        type Err = NoError;
+        #[inline]
+        fn try_from(src: char) -> Result<isize, Self::Err> {
+            Ok(src as isize)
+        }
+    }
+
+    macro_rules! conv_char_to_int {
+        ($($ts:ty),* $(,)*) => {
+            $(
+                impl TryFrom<char> for $ts {
+                    type Err = PosOverflow<char>;
+                    #[inline]
+                    fn try_from(src: char) -> Result<$ts, Self::Err> {
+                        <$ts as ValueFrom<_>>::value_from(src as u32)
+                            .map_err(|_| PosOverflow(src))
+                    }
+                }
+            )*
+        };
+    }
+
+    macro_rules! conv_char_to_int_wide {
+        ($($ts:ty),* $(,)*) => {
+            $(
+                impl TryFrom<char> for $ts {
+                    type Err = NoError;
+                    #[inline]
+                    fn try_from(src: char) -> Result<$ts, Self::Err> {
+                        <$ts as ValueFrom<_>>::value_from(src as u32)
+                    }
+                }
+            )*
+        };
+    }
+
+    conv_char_to_int! { i8, i16, i32, u8, u16 }
+    conv_char_to_int_wide! { i64, u64 }
+}
+
+mod lang_int_to_char {
+    use TryFrom;
+    use ValueFrom;
+    use errors::{NoError, Unrepresentable, UnwrapOk};
+
+    impl TryFrom<u8> for char {
+        type Err = NoError;
+        #[inline]
+        fn try_from(src: u8) -> Result<char, Self::Err> {
+            Ok(src as char)
+        }
+    }
+    impl TryFrom<u16> for char {
+        type Err = Unrepresentable<u16>;
+        #[inline]
+        fn try_from(src: u16) -> Result<char, Self::Err> {
+            TryFrom::try_from(
+                <u32 as ValueFrom<_>>::value_from(src).unwrap_ok()
+            ).map_err(|_| Unrepresentable(src))
+        }
+    }
+
+    impl TryFrom<u32> for char {
+        type Err = Unrepresentable<u32>;
+        #[inline]
+        fn try_from(src: u32) -> Result<char, Self::Err> {
+            ::std::char::from_u32(src).ok_or_else(|| Unrepresentable(src))
+        }
+    }
+
+    macro_rules! conv_int_to_char {
+        ($($ts:ty),* $(,)*) => {
+            $(
+                impl TryFrom<$ts> for char {
+                    type Err = Unrepresentable<$ts>;
+                    #[inline]
+                    fn try_from(src: $ts) -> Result<char, Self::Err> {
+                        <u32 as ValueFrom<_>>::value_from(src)
+                            .map_err(|_| Unrepresentable(src))
+                            .and_then(|usv| TryFrom::try_from(usv)
+                                .map_err(|_| Unrepresentable(src)))
+                    }
+                }
+            )*
+        };
+    }
+
+    conv_int_to_char! { i8, i16, i32, i64, isize, u64, usize }
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/conv/src/lib.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/conv/src/lib.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..195b8d10
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/conv/src/lib.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,525 @@
+/*!
+This crate provides a number of conversion traits with more specific semantics than those provided by `as` or `From`/`Into`.
+
+The goal with the traits provided here is to be more specific about what generic code can rely on, as well as provide reasonably self-describing alternatives to the standard `From`/`Into` traits.  For example, the although `T: From<U>` might be satisfied, it imposes no restrictions on the *kind* of conversion being implemented.  As such, the traits in this crate try to be very specific about what conversions are allowed.  This makes them less generally applicable, but more useful where they *do* apply.
+
+In addition, `From`/`Into` requires all conversions to succeed or panic.  All conversion traits in this crate define an associated error type, allowing code to react to failed conversions as appropriate.
+
+<style type="text/css">
+.link-block { font-family: "Fira Sans"; }
+.link-block > p { display: inline-block; }
+.link-block > p > strong { font-weight: 500; margin-right: 1em; }
+.link-block > ul { display: inline-block; padding: 0; list-style: none; }
+.link-block > ul > li {
+  font-size: 0.8em;
+  background-color: #eee;
+  border: 1px solid #ccc;
+  padding: 0.3em;
+  display: inline-block;
+}
+</style>
+<span></span><div class="link-block">
+
+**Links**
+
+* [Latest Release](https://crates.io/crates/scan-rules/)
+* [Latest Docs](https://danielkeep.github.io/rust-scan-rules/doc/scan_rules/index.html)
+* [Repository](https://github.com/DanielKeep/rust-scan-rules)
+
+<span></span></div>
+
+## Compatibility
+
+`conv` is compatible with Rust 1.2 and higher.
+
+## Change Log
+
+### v0.3.2
+
+- Added integer ↔ `char` conversions.
+- Added missing `isize`/`usize` → `f32`/`f64` conversions.
+- Fixed the error type of `i64` → `usize` for 64-bit targets.
+
+### v0.3.1
+
+- Change to `unwrap_ok` for better codegen (thanks bluss).
+- Fix for Rust breaking change (code in question was dodgy anyway; thanks m4rw3r).
+
+### v0.3.0
+
+- Added an `Error` constraint to all `Err` associated types.  This will break any user-defined conversions where the `Err` type does not implement `Error`.
+- Renamed the `Overflow` and `Underflow` errors to `PosOverflow` and `NegOverflow` respectively.  In the context of floating point conversions, "underflow" usually means the value was too close to zero to correctly represent.
+
+### v0.2.1
+
+- Added `ConvUtil::into_as<Dst>` as a shortcut for `Into::<Dst>::into`.
+- Added `#[inline]` attributes.
+- Added `Saturate::saturate`, which can saturate `Result`s arising from over/underflow.
+
+### v0.2.0
+
+- Changed all error types to include the original input as payload.  This breaks pretty much *everything*.  Sorry about that.  On the bright side, there's now no downside to using the conversion traits for non-`Copy` types.
+- Added the normal rounding modes for float → int approximations: `RoundToNearest`, `RoundToNegInf`, `RoundToPosInf`, and `RoundToZero`.
+- `ApproxWith` is now subsumed by a pair of extension traits (`ConvUtil` and `ConvAsUtil`), that also have shortcuts for `TryInto` and `ValueInto` so that you can specify the destination type on the method.
+
+# Overview
+
+The following traits are used to define various conversion semantics:
+
+- [`ApproxFrom`](./trait.ApproxFrom.html)/[`ApproxInto`](./trait.ApproxInto.html) - approximate conversions, with selectable approximation scheme (see [`ApproxScheme`](./trait.ApproxScheme.html)).
+- [`TryFrom`](./trait.TryFrom.html)/[`TryInto`](./trait.TryInto.html) - general, potentially failing value conversions.
+- [`ValueFrom`](./trait.ValueFrom.html)/[`ValueInto`](./trait.ValueInto.html) - exact, value-preserving conversions.
+
+When *defining* a conversion, try to implement the `*From` trait variant where possible.  When *using* a conversion, try to depend on the `*Into` trait variant where possible.  This is because the `*Into` traits automatically use `*From` implementations, but not the reverse.  Implementing `*From` and using `*Into` ensures conversions work in as many contexts as possible.
+
+These extension methods are provided to help with some common cases:
+
+- [`ConvUtil::approx_as<Dst>`](./trait.ConvUtil.html#method.approx_as) - approximates to `Dst` with the `DefaultApprox` scheme.
+- [`ConvUtil::approx_as_by<Dst, S>`](./trait.ConvUtil.html#method.approx_as_by) - approximates to `Dst` with the scheme `S`.
+- [`ConvUtil::into_as<Dst>`](./trait.ConvUtil.html#method.into_as) - converts to `Dst` using `Into::into`.
+- [`ConvUtil::try_as<Dst>`](./trait.ConvUtil.html#method.try_as) - converts to `Dst` using `TryInto::try_into`.
+- [`ConvUtil::value_as<Dst>`](./trait.ConvUtil.html#method.value_as) - converts to `Dst` using `ValueInto::value_into`.
+- [`ConvAsUtil::approx`](./trait.ConvAsUtil.html#method.approx) - approximates to an inferred destination type with the `DefaultApprox` scheme.
+- [`ConvAsUtil::approx_by<S>`](./trait.ConvAsUtil.html#method.approx_by) - approximates to an inferred destination type with the scheme `S`.
+- [`Saturate::saturate`](./errors/trait.Saturate.html#tymethod.saturate) - saturates on overflow.
+- [`UnwrapOk::unwrap_ok`](./errors/trait.UnwrapOk.html#tymethod.unwrap_ok) - unwraps results from conversions that cannot fail.
+- [`UnwrapOrInf::unwrap_or_inf`](./errors/trait.UnwrapOrInf.html#tymethod.unwrap_or_inf) - saturates to ±∞ on failure.
+- [`UnwrapOrInvalid::unwrap_or_invalid`](./errors/trait.UnwrapOrInvalid.html#tymethod.unwrap_or_invalid) - substitutes the target type's "invalid" sentinel value on failure.
+- [`UnwrapOrSaturate::unwrap_or_saturate`](./errors/trait.UnwrapOrSaturate.html#tymethod.unwrap_or_saturate) - saturates to the maximum or minimum value of the target type on failure.
+
+A macro is provided to assist in implementing conversions:
+
+- [`TryFrom!`](./macros/index.html#tryfrom!) - derives an implementation of [`TryFrom`](./trait.TryFrom.html).
+
+If you are implementing your own types, you may also be interested in the traits contained in the [`misc`](./misc/index.html) module.
+
+## Provided Implementations
+
+The crate provides several blanket implementations:
+
+- `*From<A> for A` (all types can be converted from and into themselves).
+- `*Into<Dst> for Src where Dst: *From<Src>` (`*From` implementations imply a matching `*Into` implementation).
+
+Conversions for the builtin numeric (integer and floating point) types are provided.  In general, `ValueFrom` conversions exist for all pairs except for float → integer (since such a conversion is generally unlikely to *exactly* succeed) and `f64 → f32` (for the same reason).  `ApproxFrom` conversions with the `DefaultApprox` scheme exist between all pairs.  `ApproxFrom` with the `Wrapping` scheme exist between integers.
+
+## Errors
+
+A number of error types are defined in the [`errors`](./errors/index.html) module.  Generally, conversions use whichever error type most *narrowly* defines the kinds of failures that can occur.  For example:
+
+- `ValueFrom<u8> for u16` cannot possibly fail, and as such it uses `NoError`.
+- `ValueFrom<i8> for u16` can *only* fail with a negative overflow, thus it uses the `NegOverflow` type.
+- `ValueFrom<i32> for u16` can overflow in either direction, hence it uses `RangeError`.
+- Finally, `ApproxFrom<f32> for u16` can overflow (positive or negative), or attempt to convert NaN; `FloatError` covers those three cases.
+
+Because there are *numerous* error types, the `GeneralError` enum is provided.  `From<E, T> for GeneralError<T>` exists for each error type `E<T>` defined by this crate (even for `NoError`!), allowing errors to be translated automatically by `try!`.  In fact, all errors can be "expanded" to *all* more general forms (*e.g.* `NoError` → `NegOverflow`, `PosOverflow` → `RangeError` → `FloatError`).
+
+Aside from `NoError`, the various error types wrap the input value that you attempted to convert.  This is so that non-`Copy` types do not need to be pre-emptively cloned prior to conversion, just in case the conversion fails.  A downside is that this means there are many, *many* incompatible error types.
+
+To help alleviate this, there is also `GeneralErrorKind`, which is simply `GeneralError<T>` without the payload, and all errors can be converted into it directly.
+
+The reason for not just using `GeneralErrorKind` in the first place is to statically reduce the number of potential error cases you need to deal with.  It also allows the `Unwrap*` extension traits to be defined *without* the possibility for runtime failure (*e.g.* you cannot use `unwrap_or_saturate` with a `FloatError`, because what do you do if the error is `NotANumber`; saturate to max or to min?  Or panic?).
+
+# Examples
+
+```
+# extern crate conv;
+# use conv::*;
+# fn main() {
+// This *cannot* fail, so we can use `unwrap_ok` to discard the `Result`.
+assert_eq!(u8::value_from(0u8).unwrap_ok(), 0u8);
+
+// This *can* fail.  Specifically, it can overflow toward negative infinity.
+assert_eq!(u8::value_from(0i8),     Ok(0u8));
+assert_eq!(u8::value_from(-1i8),    Err(NegOverflow(-1)));
+
+// This can overflow in *either* direction; hence the change to `RangeError`.
+assert_eq!(u8::value_from(-1i16),   Err(RangeError::NegOverflow(-1)));
+assert_eq!(u8::value_from(0i16),    Ok(0u8));
+assert_eq!(u8::value_from(256i16),  Err(RangeError::PosOverflow(256)));
+
+// We can use the extension traits to simplify this a little.
+assert_eq!(u8::value_from(-1i16).unwrap_or_saturate(),  0u8);
+assert_eq!(u8::value_from(0i16).unwrap_or_saturate(),   0u8);
+assert_eq!(u8::value_from(256i16).unwrap_or_saturate(), 255u8);
+
+// Obviously, all integers can be "approximated" using the default scheme (it
+// doesn't *do* anything), but they can *also* be approximated with the
+// `Wrapping` scheme.
+assert_eq!(
+    <u8 as ApproxFrom<_, DefaultApprox>>::approx_from(400u16),
+    Err(PosOverflow(400)));
+assert_eq!(
+    <u8 as ApproxFrom<_, Wrapping>>::approx_from(400u16),
+    Ok(144u8));
+
+// This is rather inconvenient; as such, there are a number of convenience
+// extension methods available via `ConvUtil` and `ConvAsUtil`.
+assert_eq!(400u16.approx(),                       Err::<u8, _>(PosOverflow(400)));
+assert_eq!(400u16.approx_by::<Wrapping>(),        Ok::<u8, _>(144u8));
+assert_eq!(400u16.approx_as::<u8>(),              Err(PosOverflow(400)));
+assert_eq!(400u16.approx_as_by::<u8, Wrapping>(), Ok(144));
+
+// Integer -> float conversions *can* fail due to limited precision.
+// Once the continuous range of exactly representable integers is exceeded, the
+// provided implementations fail with overflow errors.
+assert_eq!(f32::value_from(16_777_216i32), Ok(16_777_216.0f32));
+assert_eq!(f32::value_from(16_777_217i32), Err(RangeError::PosOverflow(16_777_217)));
+
+// Float -> integer conversions have to be done using approximations.  Although
+// exact conversions are *possible*, "advertising" this with an implementation
+// is misleading.
+//
+// Note that `DefaultApprox` for float -> integer uses whatever rounding
+// mode is currently active (*i.e.* whatever `as` would do).
+assert_eq!(41.0f32.approx(), Ok(41u8));
+assert_eq!(41.3f32.approx(), Ok(41u8));
+assert_eq!(41.5f32.approx(), Ok(41u8));
+assert_eq!(41.8f32.approx(), Ok(41u8));
+assert_eq!(42.0f32.approx(), Ok(42u8));
+
+assert_eq!(255.0f32.approx(), Ok(255u8));
+assert_eq!(256.0f32.approx(), Err::<u8, _>(FloatError::PosOverflow(256.0)));
+
+// Sometimes, it can be useful to saturate the conversion from float to
+// integer directly, then account for NaN as input separately.  The `Saturate`
+// extension trait exists for this reason.
+assert_eq!((-23.0f32).approx_as::<u8>().saturate(), Ok(0));
+assert_eq!(302.0f32.approx_as::<u8>().saturate(), Ok(255u8));
+assert!(std::f32::NAN.approx_as::<u8>().saturate().is_err());
+
+// If you really don't care about the specific kind of error, you can just rely
+// on automatic conversion to `GeneralErrorKind`.
+fn too_many_errors() -> Result<(), GeneralErrorKind> {
+    assert_eq!({let r: u8 = try!(0u8.value_into()); r},  0u8);
+    assert_eq!({let r: u8 = try!(0i8.value_into()); r},  0u8);
+    assert_eq!({let r: u8 = try!(0i16.value_into()); r}, 0u8);
+    assert_eq!({let r: u8 = try!(0.0f32.approx()); r},   0u8);
+    Ok(())
+}
+# let _ = too_many_errors();
+# }
+```
+
+*/
+
+#![deny(missing_docs)]
+
+#[macro_use] extern crate custom_derive;
+
+// Exported macros.
+pub mod macros;
+
+pub use errors::{
+    NoError, GeneralError, GeneralErrorKind, Unrepresentable,
+    NegOverflow, PosOverflow,
+    FloatError, RangeError, RangeErrorKind,
+    Saturate,
+    UnwrapOk, UnwrapOrInf, UnwrapOrInvalid, UnwrapOrSaturate,
+};
+
+use std::error::Error;
+
+/**
+Publicly re-exports the most generally useful set of items.
+
+Usage of the prelude should be considered **unstable**.  Although items will likely *not* be removed without bumping the major version, new items *may* be added, which could potentially cause name conflicts in user code.
+*/
+pub mod prelude {
+    pub use super::{
+        ApproxFrom, ApproxInto,
+        ValueFrom, ValueInto,
+        GeneralError, GeneralErrorKind,
+        Saturate,
+        UnwrapOk, UnwrapOrInf, UnwrapOrInvalid, UnwrapOrSaturate,
+        ConvUtil, ConvAsUtil,
+        RoundToNearest, RoundToZero, Wrapping,
+    };
+}
+
+macro_rules! as_item {
+    ($($i:item)*) => {$($i)*};
+}
+
+macro_rules! item_for_each {
+    (
+        $( ($($arg:tt)*) ),* $(,)* => { $($exp:tt)* }
+    ) => {
+        macro_rules! body {
+            $($exp)*
+        }
+
+        $(
+            body! { $($arg)* }
+        )*
+    };
+}
+
+pub mod errors;
+pub mod misc;
+
+mod impls;
+
+/**
+This trait is used to perform a conversion that is permitted to approximate the result, but *not* to wrap or saturate the result to fit into the destination type's representable range.
+
+Where possible, prefer *implementing* this trait over `ApproxInto`, but prefer *using* `ApproxInto` for generic constraints.
+
+# Details
+
+All implementations of this trait must provide a conversion that can be separated into two logical steps: an approximation transform, and a representation transform.
+
+The "approximation transform" step involves transforming the input value into an approximately equivalent value which is supported by the target type *without* taking the target type's representable range into account.  For example, this might involve rounding or truncating a floating point value to an integer, or reducing the accuracy of a floating point value.
+
+The "representation transform" step *exactly* rewrites the value from the source type's binary representation into the destination type's binary representation.  This step *may not* transform the value in any way.  If the result of the approximation is not representable, the conversion *must* fail.
+
+The major reason for this formulation is to exactly define what happens when converting between floating point and integer types.  Often, it is unclear what happens to floating point values beyond the range of the target integer type.  Do they saturate, wrap, or cause a failure?
+
+With this formulation, it is well-defined: if a floating point value is outside the representable range, the conversion fails.  This allows users to distinguish between approximation and range violation, and act accordingly.
+*/
+pub trait ApproxFrom<Src, Scheme=DefaultApprox>: Sized where Scheme: ApproxScheme {
+    /// The error type produced by a failed conversion.
+    type Err: Error;
+
+    /// Convert the given value into an approximately equivalent representation.
+    fn approx_from(src: Src) -> Result<Self, Self::Err>;
+}
+
+impl<Src, Scheme> ApproxFrom<Src, Scheme> for Src where Scheme: ApproxScheme {
+    type Err = NoError;
+    fn approx_from(src: Src) -> Result<Self, Self::Err> {
+        Ok(src)
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+This is the dual of `ApproxFrom`; see that trait for information.
+
+Where possible, prefer *using* this trait over `ApproxFrom` for generic constraints, but prefer *implementing* `ApproxFrom`.
+*/
+pub trait ApproxInto<Dst, Scheme=DefaultApprox> where Scheme: ApproxScheme {
+    /// The error type produced by a failed conversion.
+    type Err: Error;
+
+    /// Convert the subject into an approximately equivalent representation.
+    fn approx_into(self) -> Result<Dst, Self::Err>;
+}
+
+impl<Dst, Src, Scheme> ApproxInto<Dst, Scheme> for Src
+where
+    Dst: ApproxFrom<Src, Scheme>,
+    Scheme: ApproxScheme,
+{
+    type Err = Dst::Err;
+    fn approx_into(self) -> Result<Dst, Self::Err> {
+        ApproxFrom::approx_from(self)
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+This trait is used to mark approximation scheme types.
+*/
+pub trait ApproxScheme {}
+
+/**
+The "default" approximation scheme.  This scheme does whatever would generally be expected of a lossy conversion, assuming no additional context or instruction is given.
+
+This is a double-edged sword: it has the loosest semantics, but is far more likely to exist than more complicated approximation schemes.
+*/
+pub enum DefaultApprox {}
+impl ApproxScheme for DefaultApprox {}
+
+/**
+This scheme is used to convert a value by "wrapping" it into a narrower range.
+
+In abstract, this can be viewed as the opposite of rounding: rather than preserving the most significant bits of a value, it preserves the *least* significant bits of a value.
+*/
+pub enum Wrapping {}
+impl ApproxScheme for Wrapping {}
+
+/**
+This scheme is used to convert a value by rounding it to the nearest representable value, with ties rounding away from zero.
+*/
+pub enum RoundToNearest {}
+impl ApproxScheme for RoundToNearest {}
+
+/**
+This scheme is used to convert a value by rounding it toward negative infinity to the nearest representable value.
+*/
+pub enum RoundToNegInf {}
+impl ApproxScheme for RoundToNegInf {}
+
+/**
+This scheme is used to convert a value by rounding it toward positive infinity to the nearest representable value.
+*/
+pub enum RoundToPosInf {}
+impl ApproxScheme for RoundToPosInf {}
+
+/**
+This scheme is used to convert a value by rounding it toward zero to the nearest representable value.
+*/
+pub enum RoundToZero {}
+impl ApproxScheme for RoundToZero {}
+
+/**
+This trait is used to perform a conversion between different semantic types which might fail.
+
+Where possible, prefer *implementing* this trait over `TryInto`, but prefer *using* `TryInto` for generic constraints.
+
+# Details
+
+Typically, this should be used in cases where you are converting between values whose ranges and/or representations only partially overlap.  That the conversion may fail should be a reasonably expected outcome.  A standard example of this is converting from integers to enums of unitary variants.
+*/
+pub trait TryFrom<Src>: Sized {
+    /// The error type produced by a failed conversion.
+    type Err: Error;
+
+    /// Convert the given value into the subject type.
+    fn try_from(src: Src) -> Result<Self, Self::Err>;
+}
+
+impl<Src> TryFrom<Src> for Src {
+    type Err = NoError;
+    fn try_from(src: Src) -> Result<Self, Self::Err> {
+        Ok(src)
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+This is the dual of `TryFrom`; see that trait for information.
+
+Where possible, prefer *using* this trait over `TryFrom` for generic constraints, but prefer *implementing* `TryFrom`.
+*/
+pub trait TryInto<Dst> {
+    /// The error type produced by a failed conversion.
+    type Err: Error;
+
+    /// Convert the subject into the destination type.
+    fn try_into(self) -> Result<Dst, Self::Err>;
+}
+
+impl<Src, Dst> TryInto<Dst> for Src where Dst: TryFrom<Src> {
+    type Err = Dst::Err;
+    fn try_into(self) -> Result<Dst, Self::Err> {
+        TryFrom::try_from(self)
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+This trait is used to perform an exact, value-preserving conversion.
+
+Where possible, prefer *implementing* this trait over `ValueInto`, but prefer *using* `ValueInto` for generic constraints.
+
+# Details
+
+Implementations of this trait should be reflexive, associative and commutative (in the absence of conversion errors).  That is, all possible cycles of `ValueFrom` conversions (for which each "step" has a defined implementation) should produce the same result, with a given value either being "round-tripped" exactly, or an error being produced.
+*/
+pub trait ValueFrom<Src>: Sized {
+    /// The error type produced by a failed conversion.
+    type Err: Error;
+
+    /// Convert the given value into an exactly equivalent representation.
+    fn value_from(src: Src) -> Result<Self, Self::Err>;
+}
+
+impl<Src> ValueFrom<Src> for Src {
+    type Err = NoError;
+    fn value_from(src: Src) -> Result<Self, Self::Err> {
+        Ok(src)
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+This is the dual of `ValueFrom`; see that trait for information.
+
+Where possible, prefer *using* this trait over `ValueFrom` for generic constraints, but prefer *implementing* `ValueFrom`.
+*/
+pub trait ValueInto<Dst> {
+    /// The error type produced by a failed conversion.
+    type Err: Error;
+    
+    /// Convert the subject into an exactly equivalent representation.
+    fn value_into(self) -> Result<Dst, Self::Err>;
+}
+
+impl<Src, Dst> ValueInto<Dst> for Src where Dst: ValueFrom<Src> {
+    type Err = Dst::Err;
+    fn value_into(self) -> Result<Dst, Self::Err> {
+        ValueFrom::value_from(self)
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+This extension trait exists to simplify using various conversions.
+
+If there is more than one implementation for a given type/trait pair, a simple call to `*_into` may not be uniquely resolvable.  Due to the position of the type parameter (on the trait itself), it is cumbersome to specify the destination type.  A similar problem exists for approximation schemes.
+
+See also the [`ConvAsUtil`](./trait.ConvAsUtil.html) trait.
+
+> **Note**: There appears to be a bug in `rustdoc`'s output.  This trait is implemented *for all* types, though the methods are only available for types where the appropriate conversions are defined.
+*/
+pub trait ConvUtil {
+    /// Approximate the subject to a given type with the default scheme.
+    fn approx_as<Dst>(self) -> Result<Dst, Self::Err>
+    where Self: Sized + ApproxInto<Dst> {
+        self.approx_into()
+    }
+
+    /// Approximate the subject to a given type with a specific scheme.
+    fn approx_as_by<Dst, Scheme>(self) -> Result<Dst, Self::Err>
+    where
+        Self: Sized + ApproxInto<Dst, Scheme>,
+        Scheme: ApproxScheme,
+    {
+        self.approx_into()
+    }
+
+    /// Convert the subject to a given type.
+    fn into_as<Dst>(self) -> Dst
+    where Self: Sized + Into<Dst> {
+        self.into()
+    }
+
+    /// Attempt to convert the subject to a given type.
+    fn try_as<Dst>(self) -> Result<Dst, Self::Err>
+    where Self: Sized + TryInto<Dst> {
+        self.try_into()
+    }
+
+    /// Attempt a value conversion of the subject to a given type.
+    fn value_as<Dst>(self) -> Result<Dst, Self::Err>
+    where Self: Sized + ValueInto<Dst> {
+        self.value_into()
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T> ConvUtil for T {}
+
+/**
+This extension trait exists to simplify using various conversions.
+
+If there is more than one `ApproxFrom` implementation for a given type, a simple call to `approx_into` may not be uniquely resolvable.  Due to the position of the scheme parameter (on the trait itself), it is cumbersome to specify which scheme you wanted.
+
+The destination type is inferred from context.
+
+See also the [`ConvUtil`](./trait.ConvUtil.html) trait.
+
+> **Note**: There appears to be a bug in `rustdoc`'s output.  This trait is implemented *for all* types, though the methods are only available for types where the appropriate conversions are defined.
+*/
+pub trait ConvAsUtil<Dst> {
+    /// Approximate the subject with the default scheme.
+    fn approx(self) -> Result<Dst, Self::Err>
+    where Self: Sized + ApproxInto<Dst> {
+        self.approx_into()
+    }
+
+    /// Approximate the subject with a specific scheme.
+    fn approx_by<Scheme>(self) -> Result<Dst, Self::Err>
+    where
+        Self: Sized + ApproxInto<Dst, Scheme>,
+        Scheme: ApproxScheme,
+    {
+        self.approx_into()
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T, Dst> ConvAsUtil<Dst> for T {}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/conv/src/macros.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/conv/src/macros.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f0609ecb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/conv/src/macros.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+/*!
+This module provides convenience macros to help with implementing the conversion traits.
+
+# `TryFrom!`
+
+```ignore
+macro_rules! TryFrom {
+    (($target:ty) $enum:item) => { ... };
+}
+```
+
+This macro attempts to derive an implementation of the [`TryFrom`](../trait.TryFrom.html) trait.  Specifically, it supports `enum`s consisting entirely of unitary variants, with or without explicit values.  The source type can be any integer type which the variants of the enumeration can be explicitly cast to (*i.e.* using `as`).
+
+If a conversion fails (due to there being no matching variant for the specified integer value `src`), then the conversion returns `Err(Unrepresentable(src))` (see [`Unrepresentable`](../errors/struct.Unrepresentable.html)).
+
+It is compatible with the [`custom_derive!`](https://crates.io/crates/custom_derive) macro.
+
+## Example
+
+Using `custom_derive!`:
+
+```
+#[macro_use] extern crate conv;
+#[macro_use] extern crate custom_derive;
+
+custom_derive! {
+    #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, TryFrom(i32))]
+    enum Colours {
+        Red = 0,
+        Green = 5,
+        Blue
+    }
+}
+
+fn main() {
+    use conv::{TryFrom, Unrepresentable};
+
+    assert_eq!(Colours::try_from(0), Ok(Colours::Red));
+    assert_eq!(Colours::try_from(1), Err(Unrepresentable(1)));
+    assert_eq!(Colours::try_from(5), Ok(Colours::Green));
+    assert_eq!(Colours::try_from(6), Ok(Colours::Blue));
+    assert_eq!(Colours::try_from(7), Err(Unrepresentable(7)));
+}
+```
+
+The above is equivalent to the following:
+
+```
+#[macro_use] extern crate conv;
+
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
+enum Colours {
+    Red = 0,
+    Green = 5,
+    Blue
+}
+
+TryFrom! { (i32) enum Colours {
+    Red = 0,
+    Green = 5,
+    Blue
+} }
+# fn main() {}
+```
+*/
+
+/**
+See the documentation for the [`macros`](./macros/index.html#tryfrom!) module for details.
+*/
+#[macro_export]
+macro_rules! TryFrom {
+    (($prim:ty) $(pub)* enum $name:ident { $($body:tt)* }) => {
+        TryFrom! {
+            @collect_variants ($name, $prim),
+            ($($body)*,) -> ()
+        }
+    };
+
+    (
+        @collect_variants ($name:ident, $prim:ty),
+        ($(,)*) -> ($($var_names:ident,)*)
+    ) => {
+        impl $crate::TryFrom<$prim> for $name {
+            type Err = $crate::errors::Unrepresentable<$prim>;
+            fn try_from(src: $prim) -> Result<$name, Self::Err> {
+                $(
+                    if src == $name::$var_names as $prim {
+                        return Ok($name::$var_names);
+                    }
+                )*
+                Err($crate::errors::Unrepresentable(src))
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    (
+        @collect_variants $fixed:tt,
+        (#[$_attr:meta] $($tail:tt)*) -> $var_names:tt
+    ) => {
+        TryFrom! {
+            @skip_meta $fixed,
+            ($($tail)*) -> $var_names
+        }
+    };
+
+    (
+        @collect_variants $fixed:tt,
+        ($var:ident $(= $_val:expr)*, $($tail:tt)*) -> ($($var_names:tt)*)
+    ) => {
+        TryFrom! {
+            @collect_variants $fixed,
+            ($($tail)*) -> ($($var_names)* $var,)
+        }
+    };
+
+    (
+        @collect_variants ($name:ident),
+        ($var:ident $_struct:tt, $($tail:tt)*) -> ($($var_names:tt)*)
+    ) => {
+        const _error: () = concat!(
+            "cannot derive TryFrom for ",
+            stringify!($name),
+            ", due to non-unitary variant ",
+            stringify!($var),
+            "."
+        );
+    };
+    
+    (
+        @skip_meta $fixed:tt,
+        (#[$_attr:meta] $($tail:tt)*) -> $var_names:tt
+    ) => {
+        TryFrom! {
+            @skip_meta $fixed,
+            ($($tail)*) -> $var_names
+        }
+    };
+
+    (
+        @skip_meta $fixed:tt,
+        ($var:ident $($tail:tt)*) -> $var_names:tt
+    ) => {
+        TryFrom! {
+            @collect_variants $fixed,
+            ($var $($tail)*) -> $var_names
+        }
+    };
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/conv/src/misc.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/conv/src/misc.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..db80a532
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/conv/src/misc.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+/*!
+This module defines some additional traits not *directly* tied to conversions.
+*/
+
+/**
+This trait indicates that values of a type can be logically "saturated".
+
+This is used by the `errors::UnwrapOrSaturate` extension trait.
+*/
+pub trait Saturated {
+    /// Returns the type's saturated, maximum value.
+    fn saturated_max() -> Self;
+
+    /// Returns the type's saturated, minimum value.
+    fn saturated_min() -> Self;
+}
+
+item_for_each! {
+    (i8), (i16), (i32), (i64), (u8), (u16), (u32), (u64), (isize), (usize) => {
+        ($ity:ident) => {
+            impl Saturated for $ity {
+                #[inline] fn saturated_max() -> Self { ::std::$ity::MAX }
+                #[inline] fn saturated_min() -> Self { ::std::$ity::MIN }
+            }
+        };
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+This trait indicates that a type has an "invalid" sentinel value.
+
+This is used by the `errors::UnwrapOrInvalid` extension trait.
+*/
+pub trait InvalidSentinel {
+    /// Returns the type's "invalid" sentinel value.
+    fn invalid_sentinel() -> Self;
+}
+
+item_for_each! {
+    (f32), (f64) => {
+        ($ity:ident) => {
+            impl InvalidSentinel for $ity {
+                #[inline] fn invalid_sentinel() -> Self { ::std::$ity::NAN }
+            }
+        };
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+This trait indicates that a type has positive and negative "infinity" values.
+
+This is used by the `errors::UnwrapOrInf` extension trait.
+*/
+pub trait SignedInfinity {
+    /// Returns the type's positive infinity value.
+    fn neg_infinity() -> Self;
+
+    /// Returns the type's negative infinity value.
+    fn pos_infinity() -> Self;
+}
+
+item_for_each! {
+    (f32), (f64) => {
+        ($ity:ident) => {
+            impl SignedInfinity for $ity {
+                #[inline] fn neg_infinity() -> Self { ::std::$ity::NEG_INFINITY }
+                #[inline] fn pos_infinity() -> Self { ::std::$ity::INFINITY }
+            }
+        };
+    }
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/conv/tests/conv_utils.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/conv/tests/conv_utils.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3444ab31
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/conv/tests/conv_utils.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+#[macro_use] extern crate conv;
+
+use conv::prelude::*;
+
+#[test]
+fn test_approx() {
+    use conv::DefaultApprox;
+    assert_eq!((1.5f32).approx(), Ok(1i32));
+    assert_eq!((1.5f32).approx_by::<DefaultApprox>(), Ok(1));
+    assert_eq!((1.5f32).approx_as::<i32>(), Ok(1));
+    assert_eq!((1.5f32).approx_as_by::<i32, DefaultApprox>(), Ok(1));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_into() {
+    let v = "ABC".into_as::<Vec<u8>>();
+    assert_eq!(&*v, &[0x41, 0x42, 0x43]);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_try() {
+    #[derive(PartialEq, Debug)] enum ItAintRight { BabeNo, NoNo }
+    TryFrom! { (u8) enum ItAintRight { BabeNo, NoNo } }
+
+    assert_eq!(0u8.try_as::<ItAintRight>(), Ok(ItAintRight::BabeNo));
+    assert_eq!(1u8.try_as::<ItAintRight>(), Ok(ItAintRight::NoNo));
+    assert_eq!(2u8.try_as::<ItAintRight>(), Err(conv::Unrepresentable(2)));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_value() {
+    assert_eq!((123u32).value_as::<u8>(), Ok(123));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_whizzo() {
+    use conv::errors::Unrepresentable;
+    assert_eq!((-1.0f32).approx_as::<u8>().saturate(), Ok::<_, Unrepresentable<_>>(0u8));
+    assert_eq!((-1i32).value_as::<u8>().saturate().unwrap_ok(), 0u8);
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/conv/tests/derive_try_from.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/conv/tests/derive_try_from.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f8e0c781
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/conv/tests/derive_try_from.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+#[macro_use] extern crate conv;
+
+use conv::{TryFrom, Unrepresentable};
+
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
+enum Get { Up, Down, AllAround }
+
+TryFrom! { (u8)
+    enum Get {
+        Up,
+        /// And
+        Down,
+        /** And */
+        AllAround
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
+enum GottaGo { GetAway, Fast = 9000, Faster = 9001 }
+
+TryFrom! { (u16)
+    enum GottaGo {
+        GetAway,
+        Fast = 9000,
+        /// This show was stupid.
+        Faster = 9001
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_try_from() {
+    assert_eq!(Get::try_from(0u8), Ok(Get::Up));
+    assert_eq!(Get::try_from(1u8), Ok(Get::Down));
+    assert_eq!(Get::try_from(2u8), Ok(Get::AllAround));
+    assert_eq!(Get::try_from(3u8), Err(Unrepresentable(3u8)));
+
+    assert_eq!(GottaGo::try_from(0u16), Ok(GottaGo::GetAway));
+    assert_eq!(GottaGo::try_from(1u16), Err(Unrepresentable(1u16)));
+    assert_eq!(GottaGo::try_from(2u16), Err(Unrepresentable(2u16)));
+    assert_eq!(GottaGo::try_from(3u16), Err(Unrepresentable(3u16)));
+    assert_eq!(GottaGo::try_from(8999u16), Err(Unrepresentable(8999u16)));
+    assert_eq!(GottaGo::try_from(9000u16), Ok(GottaGo::Fast));
+    assert_eq!(GottaGo::try_from(9001u16), Ok(GottaGo::Faster));
+    assert_eq!(GottaGo::try_from(9002u16), Err(Unrepresentable(9002u16)));
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/conv/tests/lang_char.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/conv/tests/lang_char.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..88a93207
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/conv/tests/lang_char.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+extern crate conv;
+
+#[macro_use] mod util;
+
+use conv::*;
+
+use conv::PosOverflow as Of;
+use conv::Unrepresentable as Ur;
+
+macro_rules! check {
+    (@ $from:ty, $to:ty=> $(;)*) => {};
+
+    (@ $from:ty, $to:ty=> try cident; $($tail:tt)*) => {
+        check!(@ $from, $to=> try v: '\x00';);
+        check!(@ $from, $to=> try v: '\x01';);
+        check!(@ $from, $to=> $($tail)*);
+    };
+
+    (@ $from:ty, $to:ty=> try uident; $($tail:tt)*) => {
+        check!(@ $from, $to=> try v: 0;);
+        check!(@ $from, $to=> try v: 1;);
+        check!(@ $from, $to=> $($tail)*);
+    };
+
+    (@ $from:ty, $to:ty=> try v: $src:expr, !$dst:expr; $($tail:tt)*) => {
+        {
+            let src: $from = $src;
+            let dst: Result<$to, _> = src.try_into();
+            assert_eq!(dst, Err($dst(src)));
+        }
+        check!(@ $from, $to=> $($tail)*);
+    };
+
+    (@ $from:ty, $to:ty=> try v: $src:expr; $($tail:tt)*) => {
+        {
+            let src: $from = $src;
+            let dst: Result<$to, _> = src.try_into();
+            assert_eq!(dst, Ok($src as $to));
+        }
+        check!(@ $from, $to=> $($tail)*);
+    };
+
+    (@ $from:ty, $to:ty=> qt: *; $($tail:tt)*) => {
+        {
+            extern crate quickcheck;
+
+            fn property(v: $from) -> bool {
+                let dst: Result<$to, _> = v.try_into();
+                dst == Ok(v as $to)
+            }
+
+            let mut qc = quickcheck::QuickCheck::new();
+            match qc.quicktest(property as fn($from) -> bool) {
+                Ok(_) => (),
+                Err(err) => panic!("qv {:?}", err)
+            }
+        }
+        check!(@ $from, $to=> $($tail)*);
+    };
+
+    ($from:ty, $to:ty=> $($tail:tt)*) => {
+        check! { @ $from, $to=> $($tail)*; }
+    };
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_i_to_c() {
+    check!(u8, char => try uident; qt: *);
+
+    /*
+    `char` is a pain because `u8` is the *only* type you can cast directly from.  So, the `check!` macro is *basically useless*.
+
+    Also, `char` has a great big hole in the middle, which makes things more interesting.
+
+    Instead, we're just going to make sure that the conversions *exist* and have the expected error type.
+    */
+    macro_rules! check_i_to_c {
+        ($($ts:ty),* $(,)*) => {
+            $(
+                {
+                    let v: $ts = 0;
+                    let r: Result<char, Ur<$ts>> = TryFrom::try_from(v);
+                    assert_eq!(r, Ok('\x00'));
+                }
+            )*
+        };
+    }
+    check_i_to_c!(i8, i16, i32, i64, isize, u16, u32, u64, usize);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_c_to_i() {
+    check!(char, i8=> try cident;
+        try v: '\u{80}', !Of;
+    );
+    check!(char, i16=> try cident;
+        try v: '\u{8000}', !Of;
+    );
+    check!(char, i32=> try cident;);
+    check!(char, i64=> try cident;);
+    check!(char, u8=> try cident;
+        try v: '\u{100}', !Of;
+    );
+    check!(char, u16=> try cident;
+        try v: '\u{10000}', !Of;
+    );
+    check!(char, u32=> try cident;);
+    check!(char, u64=> try cident;);
+    for_bitness! {
+        32 {
+            check!(char, isize=> try cident;
+                try v: '\u{10ffff}';
+            );
+            check!(char, usize=> try cident;);
+        }
+        64 {
+            check!(char, i64=> try cident;);
+            check!(char, u64=> try cident;);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/conv/tests/lang_floats.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/conv/tests/lang_floats.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9ec1a416
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/conv/tests/lang_floats.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+extern crate conv;
+
+#[macro_use] mod util;
+
+use conv::*;
+
+use conv::FloatError::NegOverflow as FU;
+use conv::FloatError::PosOverflow as FO;
+
+#[test]
+fn test_f32() {
+    check!(f32, f32=> fident; qv: *;);
+    check!(f32, f64=> fident; qv: *;);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_f32_to_int() {
+    check!(f32, i8=>  sidenta; qa: i8=>  a: -129.0, !FU; a: 128.0, !FO;);
+    check!(f32, i16=> sidenta; qa: i16=> a: -32_769.0, !FU; a: 32_768.0, !FO;);
+    check!(f32, i32=> sidenta; qa: i32=>
+        a: -2.1474836e9, -2147483648; a: 2.1474835e9, 2147483520;
+        a: -2_147_500_000.0, !FU; a: 2_147_500_000.0, !FO;);
+    check!(f32, i64=> sidenta; qa: i64=>
+        a: -9.223372e18, -9223372036854775808; a: 9.2233715e18, 9223371487098961920;
+        a: -9_223_373_000_000_000_000.0, !FU; a: 9_223_373_000_000_000_000.0, !FO;);
+    check!(f32, u8=>  uidenta; qa: u8=>  a: -1.0, !FU; a: 256.0, !FO;);
+    check!(f32, u16=> uidenta; qa: u16=> a: -1.0, !FU; a: 65_536.0, !FO;);
+    check!(f32, u32=> uidenta; qa: u32=>
+        a: 4.294967e9, 4294967040;
+        a: -1.0, !FU; a: 4_294_968_000.0, !FO;);
+    check!(f32, u64=> uidenta; qa: u64=>
+        a: 1.8446743e19, 18446742974197923840;
+        a: -1.0, !FU; a: 18_446_746_000_000_000_000.0, !FO;);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_f64_to_int() {
+    check!(f64, i8=>  sidenta; qa: i8=>  a: -129.0, !FU; a: 128.0, !FO;);
+    check!(f64, i16=> sidenta; qa: i16=> a: -32_769.0, !FU; a: 32_768.0, !FO;);
+    check!(f64, i32=> sidenta; qa: i32=> a: -2_147_483_649.0, !FU; a: 2_147_483_648.0, !FO;);
+    check!(f64, i64=> sidenta; qa: i64=>
+        a: -9.223372036854776e18, -9223372036854775808;
+        a: 9.223372036854775e18, 9223372036854774784;
+        a: -9_223_372_036_854_778_000.0, !FU; a: 9_223_372_036_854_778_000.0, !FO;);
+    check!(f64, u8=>  uidenta; qa: u8=>  a: -1.0, !FU; a: 256.0, !FO;);
+    check!(f64, u16=> uidenta; qa: u16=> a: -1.0, !FU; a: 65_536.0, !FO;);
+    check!(f64, u32=> uidenta; qa: u32=> a: -1.0, !FU; a: 4_294_967_296.0, !FO;);
+    check!(f64, u64=> uidenta; qa: u64=>
+        a: 1.844674407370955e19;
+        a: -1.0, !FU; a: 18_446_744_073_709_560_000.0, !FO;);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_f64() {
+    check!(f64, f32=> fidenta; qa: *;);
+    check!(f64, f64=> fident; qv: *;);
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/conv/tests/lang_ints.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/conv/tests/lang_ints.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f8f63a7c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/conv/tests/lang_ints.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,395 @@
+extern crate conv;
+
+#[macro_use] mod util;
+
+use conv::*;
+
+use conv::NegOverflow as Uf;
+use conv::PosOverflow as Of;
+use conv::RangeError::NegOverflow as RU;
+use conv::RangeError::PosOverflow as RO;
+
+#[test]
+fn test_i8() {
+    check!(i8, i8=> sident; qv: *; qa: *; qaW: *);
+    check!(i8, i16=> sident; qv: *; qa: *; qaW: *);
+    check!(i8, i32=> sident; qv: *; qa: *; qaW: *);
+    check!(i8, i64=> sident; qv: *; qa: *; qaW: *);
+    check!(i8, u8=> uident; qv: +; qa: +; qaW: *;
+        v: -1, !Uf;
+    );
+    check!(i8, u16=> uident; qv: +; qa: +; qaW: *;
+        v: -1, !Uf;
+    );
+    check!(i8, u32=> uident; qv: +; qa: +; qaW: *;
+        v: -1, !Uf;
+    );
+    check!(i8, u64=> uident; qv: +; qa: +; qaW: *;
+        v: -1, !Uf;
+    );
+    check!(i8, isize=> sident; qv: *; qa: *; qaW: *);
+    check!(i8, usize=> uident; qv: +; qa: +; qaW: *;
+        v: -1, !Uf;
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_i16() {
+    check!(i16, i8=> sident; qv: i8=> qa: i8=> qaW: *;
+        v: -129, !RU; v: 128, !RO;
+    );
+    check!(i16, i16=> sident; qv: *; qa: *; qaW: *);
+    check!(i16, i32=> sident; qv: *; qa: *; qaW: *);
+    check!(i16, i64=> sident; qv: *; qa: *; qaW: *);
+    check!(i16, u8=> uident; qv: u8=> qa: +; qaW: *;
+        v: -1, !RU;
+    );
+    check!(i16, u16=> uident; qv: u16, i16=> qa: +; qaW: *;
+        v: -1, !Uf;
+    );
+    check!(i16, u32=> uident; qv: +; qa: +; qaW: *;
+        v: -1, !Uf;
+    );
+    check!(i16, u64=> uident; qv: +; qa: +; qaW: *;
+        v: -1, !Uf;
+    );
+    check!(i16, isize=> sident; qv: *; qa: *; qaW: *);
+    check!(i16, usize=> uident; qv: +; qa: +; qaW: *;
+        v: -1, !Uf;
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_i32() {
+    check!(i32, i8=> sident; qv: i8=> qa: i8=> qaW: *;
+        v: -129, !RU; v: 128, !RO;
+    );
+    check!(i32, i16=> sident; qv: i16=> qa: i16=> qaW: *;
+        v: -32_769, !RU; v: 32_768, !RO;
+    );
+    check!(i32, i32=> sident; qv: *; qa: *; qaW: *);
+    check!(i32, i64=> sident; qv: *; qa: *; qaW: *);
+    check!(i32, u8=> uident; qv: u8=> qa: u8=> qaW: *;
+        v: -1, !RU;
+    );
+    check!(i32, u16=> uident; qv: u16=> qa: u16=> qaW: *;
+        v: -1, !RU;
+    );
+    check!(i32, u32=> uident; qv: +; qa: +; qaW: *;
+        v: -1, !Uf;
+    );
+    check!(i32, u64=> uident; qv: +; qa: +; qaW: *;
+        v: -1, !Uf;
+    );
+    for_bitness! {
+        32 {
+            check!(i32, isize=> sident; qv: *; qa: *; qaW: *);
+            check!(i32, usize=> uident; qv: +; qa: +; qaW: *;
+                v: -1, !Uf;
+            );
+        }
+        64 {
+            check!(i32, isize=> sident; qv: *; qa: *; qaW: *);
+            check!(i32, usize=> uident; qv: +; qa: +; qaW: *;
+                v: -1, !Uf;
+            );
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_i64() {
+    check!(i64, i8=> sident; qv: i8=> qa: i8=> qaW: *;
+        v: -129, !RU; v: 128, !RO;
+    );
+    check!(i64, i16=> sident; qv: i16=> qa: i16=> qaW: *;
+        v: -32_769, !RU; v: 32_768, !RO;
+    );
+    check!(i64, i32=> sident; qv: i32=> qa: i32=> qaW: *;
+        v: -2_147_483_649, !RU; v: 2_147_483_648, !RO;
+    );
+    check!(i64, i64=> sident; qv: *; qa: *; qaW: *;
+    );
+    check!(i64, u8=> uident; qv: u8=> qa: u8=> qaW: *;
+        v: -1, !RU;
+    );
+    check!(i64, u16=> uident; qv: u16=> qa: u16=> qaW: *;
+        v: -1, !RU;
+    );
+    check!(i64, u32=> uident; qv: u32=> qa: u32=> qaW: *;
+        v: -1, !RU;
+    );
+    check!(i64, u64=> uident; qv: +; qa: +; qaW: *;
+        v: -1, !Uf;
+    );
+    for_bitness! {
+        32 {
+            check!(i64, isize=> sident; qv: isize=> qa: isize=> qaW: *;
+                v: -2_147_483_649, !RU; v: 2_147_483_648, !RO;
+            );
+            check!(i64, usize=> uident; qv: usize=> qa: usize=> qaW: *;
+                v: -1, !RU; v: 4_294_967_296, !RO;
+            );
+        }
+        64 {
+            check!(i64, isize=> sident; qv: *; qa: *; qaW: *;
+            );
+            check!(i64, usize=> uident; qv: +; qa: +; qaW: *;
+                v: -1, !Uf;
+            );
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_u8() {
+    check!(u8, i8=> uident; qv: +i8=> qa: +i8=> qaW: *;
+        v: 127; v: 128, !Of;
+    );
+    check!(u8, i16=> uident; qv: *; qa: *; qaW: *);
+    check!(u8, i32=> uident; qv: *; qa: *; qaW: *);
+    check!(u8, i64=> uident; qv: *; qa: *; qaW: *);
+    check!(u8, u8=> uident; qv: *; qa: *; qaW: *);
+    check!(u8, u16=> uident; qv: *; qa: *; qaW: *);
+    check!(u8, u32=> uident; qv: *; qa: *; qaW: *);
+    check!(u8, u64=> uident; qv: *; qa: *; qaW: *);
+    check!(u8, isize=> uident; qv: *; qa: *; qaW: *);
+    check!(u8, usize=> uident; qv: *; qa: *; qaW: *);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_u16() {
+    check!(u16, i8=> uident; qv: +i8=> qa: +i8=> qaW: *;
+        v: 128, !Of;
+    );
+    check!(u16, i16=> uident; qv: +i16=> qa: +i16=> qaW: *;
+        v: 32_768, !Of;
+    );
+    check!(u16, i32=> uident; qv: *; qa: *; qaW: *);
+    check!(u16, i64=> uident; qv: *; qa: *; qaW: *);
+    check!(u16, u8=> uident; qv: u8=> qa: u8=> qaW: *;
+        v: 256, !Of;
+    );
+    check!(u16, u16=> uident; qv: *; qa: *; qaW: *);
+    check!(u16, u32=> uident; qv: *; qa: *; qaW: *);
+    check!(u16, u64=> uident; qv: *; qa: *; qaW: *);
+    check!(u16, isize=> uident; qv: *; qa: *; qaW: *);
+    check!(u16, usize=> uident; qv: *; qa: *; qaW: *);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_u32() {
+    check!(u32, i8=> uident; qv: +i8=> qa: +i8=> qaW: *;
+        v: 128, !Of;
+    );
+    check!(u32, i16=> uident; qv: +i16=> qa: +i16=> qaW: *;
+        v: 32_768, !Of;
+    );
+    check!(u32, i32=> uident; qv: +i32=> qa: +i32=> qaW: *;
+        v: 2_147_483_648, !Of;
+    );
+    check!(u32, i64=> uident; qv: *; qa: *; qaW: *);
+    check!(u32, u8=> uident; qv: u8=> qa: u8=> qaW: *;
+        v: 256, !Of;
+    );
+    check!(u32, u16=> uident; qv: u16=> qa: u16=> qaW: *;
+        v: 65_536, !Of;
+    );
+    check!(u32, u32=> uident; qv: *; qa: *; qaW: *);
+    check!(u32, u64=> uident; qv: *; qa: *; qaW: *);
+    for_bitness! {
+        32 {
+            check!(u32, isize=> uident; qv: +isize=> qa: +isize=> qaW: *;
+                v: 2_147_483_647; v: 2_147_483_648, !Of;
+            );
+            check!(u32, usize=> uident; qv: *; qa: *; qaW: *);
+        }
+        64 {
+            check!(u32, isize=> uident; qv: *; qa: *; qaW: *);
+            check!(u32, usize=> uident; qv: *; qa: *; qaW: *);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_u64() {
+    check!(u64, i8=> uident; qv: +i8=> qa: +i8=> qaW: *;
+        v: 128, !Of;
+    );
+    check!(u64, i16=> uident; qv: +i16=> qa: +i16=> qaW: *;
+        v: 32_768, !Of;
+    );
+    check!(u64, i32=> uident; qv: +i32=> qa: +i32=> qaW: *;
+        v: 2_147_483_648, !Of;
+    );
+    check!(u64, i64=> uident; qv: +i64=> qa: +i64=> qaW: *;
+        v: 9_223_372_036_854_775_808, !Of;
+    );
+    check!(u64, u8=> uident; qv: u8=> qa: u8=> qaW: *;
+        v: 256, !Of;
+    );
+    check!(u64, u16=> uident; qv: u16=> qa: u16=> qaW: *;
+        v: 65_536, !Of;
+    );
+    check!(u64, u32=> uident; qv: u32=> qa: u32=> qaW: *;
+        v: 4_294_967_296, !Of;
+    );
+    check!(u64, u64=> uident; qv: *; qa: *; qaW: *);
+    for_bitness! {
+        32 {
+            check!(u64, isize=> uident; qv: +isize=> qa: +isize=> qaW: *;
+                v: 2_147_483_648, !Of;
+            );
+            check!(u64, usize=> uident; qv: usize=> qa: usize=> qaW: *;
+                v: 4_294_967_296, !Of;
+            );
+        }
+        64 {
+            check!(u64, isize=> uident; qv: +i64=> qa: +i64=> qaW: *;
+                v: 9_223_372_036_854_775_808, !Of;
+            );
+            check!(u64, usize=> uident; qv: *; qa: *; qaW: *);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_isize() {
+    check!(isize, i8=> sident; qv: i8=> qa: i8=> qaW: *;
+        v: -129, !RU; v: 128, !RO;
+    );
+    check!(isize, i16=> sident; qv: i16=> qa: i16=> qaW: *;
+        v: -32_769, !RU; v: 32_768, !RO;
+    );
+    check!(isize, u8=> uident; qv: u8=> qa: u8=> qaW: *;
+        v: -1, !RU; v: 256, !RO;
+    );
+    check!(isize, u16=> uident; qv: u16=> qa: u16=> qaW: *;
+        v: -1, !RU; v: 65_536, !RO;
+    );
+    check!(isize, isize=> sident; qv: *; qa: *; qaW: *);
+    for_bitness! {
+        32 {
+            check!(isize, i32=> sident; qv: *; qa: *; qaW: *);
+            check!(isize, i64=> sident; qv: *; qa: *; qaW: *);
+            check!(isize, u32=> uident; qv: +; qa: +; qaW: *;
+                v: -1, !Uf;
+            );
+            check!(isize, u64=> uident; qv: +; qa: +; qaW: *;
+                v: -1, !Uf;
+            );
+            check!(isize, usize=> uident; qv: +; qa: +; qaW: *;
+                v: -1, !Uf;
+            );
+        }
+        64 {
+            check!(isize, i32=> sident; qv: *; qa: *; qaW: *);
+            check!(isize, i64=> sident; qv: *; qa: *; qaW: *);
+            check!(isize, u32=> uident; qv: u32=> qa: u32=> qaW: *;
+                v: -1, !RU; v: 4_294_967_296, !RO;
+            );
+            check!(isize, u64=> uident; qv: +; qa: +; qaW: *;
+                v: -1, !Uf;
+            );
+            check!(isize, usize=> uident; qv: +; qa: +; qaW: *;
+                v: -1, !Uf;
+            );
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_usize() {
+    check!(usize, i8=> uident; qv: +i8=> qa: +i8=> qaW: *;
+        v: 128, !Of;
+    );
+    check!(usize, i16=> uident; qv: +i16=> qa: +i16=> qaW: *;
+        v: 32_768, !Of;
+    );
+    check!(usize, u8=> uident; qv: u8=> qa: u8=> qaW: *;
+        v: 256, !Of;
+    );
+    check!(usize, u16=> uident; qv: u16=> qa: u16=> qaW: *;
+        v: 65_536, !Of;
+    );
+    check!(usize, usize=> uident; qv: *; qa: *; qaW: *);
+    for_bitness! {
+        32 {
+            check!(usize, i32=> uident; qv: +i32=> qa: +i32=> qaW: *);
+            check!(usize, i64=> uident; qv: *; qa: *; qaW: *);
+            check!(usize, u32=> uident; qv: *; qa: *; qaW: *);
+            check!(usize, u64=> uident; qv: *; qa: *; qaW: *);
+            check!(usize, isize=> uident; qv: +isize=> qa: +isize=> qaW: *);
+        }
+        64 {
+            check!(usize, i32=> uident; qv: +i32=> qa: +i32=> qaW: *);
+            check!(usize, i64=> uident; qv: +i64=> qa: +i64=> qaW: *);
+            check!(usize, u32=> uident; qv: u32=> qa: u32=> qaW: *;
+                v: 4_294_967_296, !Of;
+            );
+            check!(usize, u64=> uident; qv: *; qa: *; qaW: *);
+            check!(usize, isize=> uident; qv: +isize=> qa: +isize=> qaW: *);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_i_to_f() {
+    check!(i8,  f32=> sident; qv: *; qa: *);
+    check!(i16, f32=> sident; qv: *; qa: *);
+    check!(i32, f32=> sident; qv: (+-16_777_216); qa: *;
+        v: -16_777_217, !RU; v: 16_777_217, !RO;
+    );
+    check!(i64, f32=> sident; qv: (+-16_777_216); qa: *;
+        v: -16_777_217, !RU; v: 16_777_217, !RO;
+    );
+    check!(isize, f32=> sident; qv: (+-16_777_216); qa: *;
+        v: -16_777_217, !RU; v: 16_777_217, !RO;
+    );
+
+    check!(u8,  f32=> uident; qv: *; qa: *);
+    check!(u16, f32=> uident; qv: *; qa: *);
+    check!(u32, f32=> uident; qv: (, 16_777_216); qa: *;
+        v: 16_777_217, !Of;
+    );
+    check!(u64, f32=> uident; qv: (, 16_777_216); qa: *;
+        v: 16_777_217, !Of;
+    );
+    check!(usize, f32=> uident; qv: (, 16_777_216); qa: *;
+        v: 16_777_217, !Of;
+    );
+
+    check!(i8,  f64=> sident; qv: *; qa: *);
+    check!(i16, f64=> sident; qv: *; qa: *);
+    check!(i32, f64=> sident; qv: *; qa: *);
+    check!(i64, f64=> sident; qv: (+-9_007_199_254_740_992); qa: *;
+        v: -9_007_199_254_740_993, !RU; v: 9_007_199_254_740_993, !RO;
+    );
+    for_bitness! {
+        32 {
+            check!(isize, f64=> sident; qv: *; qa: *);
+        }
+        64 {
+            check!(i64, f64=> sident; qv: (+-9_007_199_254_740_992); qa: *;
+                v: -9_007_199_254_740_993, !RU; v: 9_007_199_254_740_993, !RO;
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    check!(u8,  f64=> uident; qv: *; qa: *);
+    check!(u16, f64=> uident; qv: *; qa: *);
+    check!(u32, f64=> uident; qv: *; qa: *);
+    check!(u64, f64=> uident; qv: (, 9_007_199_254_740_992); qa: *;
+        v: 9_007_199_254_740_993, !Of;
+    );
+    for_bitness! {
+        32 {
+            check!(usize, f64=> uident; qv: *; qa: *);
+        }
+        64 {
+            check!(u64, f64=> uident; qv: (, 9_007_199_254_740_992); qa: *;
+                v: 9_007_199_254_740_993, !Of;
+            );
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/conv/tests/unwraps.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/conv/tests/unwraps.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..921dec7c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/conv/tests/unwraps.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+extern crate conv;
+
+#[macro_use] mod util;
+
+use conv::*;
+
+macro_rules! cty {
+    ($e:expr, $t:ty) => {
+        { let v: $t = $e; v }
+    };
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_unwraps() {
+    assert_eq!(cty!(0i16.value_into().unwrap(), i32), 0);
+    assert_eq!(cty!(127i16.value_into().unwrap(), i8), 127);
+    assert_eq!(cty!(128i16.value_into().unwrap_or_saturate(), i8), 127);
+    assert_eq!(cty!(128i16.approx().unwrap_or_saturate(), i8), 127);
+    assert_eq!(cty!(128i16.approx_by::<Wrapping>().unwrap_or_saturate(), i8), -128);
+
+    assert_eq!(cty!(16_777_216i32.value_into().unwrap(), f32), 16_777_216.0);
+    assert_eq!(cty!(16_777_216i32.value_into().unwrap_or_inf(), f32), 16_777_216.0);
+    assert_eq!(cty!(16_777_217i32.value_into().unwrap_or_inf(), f32), std::f32::INFINITY);
+    assert_eq!(cty!((-16_777_217i32).value_into().unwrap_or_inf(), f32), std::f32::NEG_INFINITY);
+
+    assert_eq!(cty!(16_777_216i32.value_into().unwrap_or_invalid(), f32), 16_777_216.0);
+    assert!(cty!(16_777_217i32.value_into().unwrap_or_invalid(), f32).is_nan());
+    assert!(cty!((-16_777_217i32).value_into().unwrap_or_invalid(), f32).is_nan());
+
+    assert_eq!(cty!(0u8.value_into().unwrap_ok(), u16), 0);
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/conv/tests/use_in_generics.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/conv/tests/use_in_generics.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9400dacc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/conv/tests/use_in_generics.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+//! Are conversions easily usable in generic code?
+extern crate conv;
+
+use conv::prelude::*;
+
+#[test]
+fn test_generic_unwrap() {
+    fn do_conv<T, U>(t: T) -> U
+    where T: ValueInto<U> {
+        t.value_into().unwrap()
+    }
+
+    assert_eq!({let x: u8 = do_conv(42i32); x}, 42u8);
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/conv/tests/util/mod.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/conv/tests/util/mod.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9bb5abfc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/conv/tests/util/mod.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,509 @@
+macro_rules! SL {
+    ($($tts:tt)*) => { stringify!($($tts)*) };
+}
+
+macro_rules! as_expr {
+    ($e:expr) => {$e};
+}
+
+macro_rules! check {
+    (@ $from:ty, $to:ty=> $(;)*) => {};
+
+    (@ $from:ty, $to:ty=> cident; $($tail:tt)*) => {
+        check!(@ $from, $to=> v: '\x00';);
+        check!(@ $from, $to=> v: '\x01';);
+        check!(@ $from, $to=> $($tail)*);
+    };
+
+    (@ $from:ty, $to:ty=> uident; $($tail:tt)*) => {
+        check!(@ $from, $to=> v: 0;);
+        check!(@ $from, $to=> v: 1;);
+        check!(@ $from, $to=> $($tail)*);
+    };
+
+    (@ $from:ty, $to:ty=> sident; $($tail:tt)*) => {
+        check!(@ $from, $to=> v: -1;);
+        check!(@ $from, $to=> v: 0;);
+        check!(@ $from, $to=> v: 1;);
+        check!(@ $from, $to=> $($tail)*);
+    };
+
+    (@ $from:ty, $to:ty=> fident; $($tail:tt)*) => {
+        check!(@ $from, $to=> v: -1.0;);
+        check!(@ $from, $to=> v:  0.0;);
+        check!(@ $from, $to=> v:  1.0;);
+        check!(@ $from, $to=> $($tail)*);
+    };
+
+    (@ $from:ty, $to:ty=> uidenta; $($tail:tt)*) => {
+        check!(@ $from, $to=> a: 0.0;);
+        check!(@ $from, $to=> a: 1.0;);
+
+        check!(@ $from, $to=> aRTN: 0.00, 0;);
+        check!(@ $from, $to=> aRTN: 0.25, 0;);
+        check!(@ $from, $to=> aRTN: 0.50, 1;);
+        check!(@ $from, $to=> aRTN: 0.75, 1;);
+        check!(@ $from, $to=> aRTN: 1.00, 1;);
+
+        check!(@ $from, $to=> aRNI:  0.00,  0;);
+        check!(@ $from, $to=> aRNI:  0.25,  0;);
+        check!(@ $from, $to=> aRNI:  0.50,  0;);
+        check!(@ $from, $to=> aRNI:  0.75,  0;);
+        check!(@ $from, $to=> aRNI:  1.00,  1;);
+
+        check!(@ $from, $to=> aRPI:  0.00,  0;);
+        check!(@ $from, $to=> aRPI:  0.25,  1;);
+        check!(@ $from, $to=> aRPI:  0.50,  1;);
+        check!(@ $from, $to=> aRPI:  0.75,  1;);
+        check!(@ $from, $to=> aRPI:  1.00,  1;);
+
+        check!(@ $from, $to=> aRTZ:  0.00,  0;);
+        check!(@ $from, $to=> aRTZ:  0.25,  0;);
+        check!(@ $from, $to=> aRTZ:  0.50,  0;);
+        check!(@ $from, $to=> aRTZ:  0.75,  0;);
+        check!(@ $from, $to=> aRTZ:  1.00,  1;);
+
+        check!(@ $from, $to=> $($tail)*);
+    };
+
+    (@ $from:ty, $to:ty=> sidenta; $($tail:tt)*) => {
+        check!(@ $from, $to=> a: -1.0;);
+        check!(@ $from, $to=> a:  0.0;);
+        check!(@ $from, $to=> a:  1.0;);
+
+        check!(@ $from, $to=> aRTN: -1.00, -1;);
+        check!(@ $from, $to=> aRTN: -0.75, -1;);
+        check!(@ $from, $to=> aRTN: -0.50, -1;);
+        check!(@ $from, $to=> aRTN: -0.25,  0;);
+        check!(@ $from, $to=> aRTN:  0.00,  0;);
+        check!(@ $from, $to=> aRTN:  0.25,  0;);
+        check!(@ $from, $to=> aRTN:  0.50,  1;);
+        check!(@ $from, $to=> aRTN:  0.75,  1;);
+        check!(@ $from, $to=> aRTN:  1.00,  1;);
+
+        check!(@ $from, $to=> aRNI: -1.00, -1;);
+        check!(@ $from, $to=> aRNI: -0.75, -1;);
+        check!(@ $from, $to=> aRNI: -0.50, -1;);
+        check!(@ $from, $to=> aRNI: -0.25, -1;);
+        check!(@ $from, $to=> aRNI:  0.00,  0;);
+        check!(@ $from, $to=> aRNI:  0.25,  0;);
+        check!(@ $from, $to=> aRNI:  0.50,  0;);
+        check!(@ $from, $to=> aRNI:  0.75,  0;);
+        check!(@ $from, $to=> aRNI:  1.00,  1;);
+
+        check!(@ $from, $to=> aRPI: -1.00, -1;);
+        check!(@ $from, $to=> aRPI: -0.75,  0;);
+        check!(@ $from, $to=> aRPI: -0.50,  0;);
+        check!(@ $from, $to=> aRPI: -0.25,  0;);
+        check!(@ $from, $to=> aRPI:  0.00,  0;);
+        check!(@ $from, $to=> aRPI:  0.25,  1;);
+        check!(@ $from, $to=> aRPI:  0.50,  1;);
+        check!(@ $from, $to=> aRPI:  0.75,  1;);
+        check!(@ $from, $to=> aRPI:  1.00,  1;);
+
+        check!(@ $from, $to=> aRTZ: -1.00, -1;);
+        check!(@ $from, $to=> aRTZ: -0.75,  0;);
+        check!(@ $from, $to=> aRTZ: -0.50,  0;);
+        check!(@ $from, $to=> aRTZ: -0.25,  0;);
+        check!(@ $from, $to=> aRTZ:  0.00,  0;);
+        check!(@ $from, $to=> aRTZ:  0.25,  0;);
+        check!(@ $from, $to=> aRTZ:  0.50,  0;);
+        check!(@ $from, $to=> aRTZ:  0.75,  0;);
+        check!(@ $from, $to=> aRTZ:  1.00,  1;);
+
+        check!(@ $from, $to=> $($tail)*);
+    };
+
+    (@ $from:ty, $to:ty=> fidenta; $($tail:tt)*) => {
+        check!(@ $from, $to=> a: -1.0;);
+        check!(@ $from, $to=> a:  0.0;);
+        check!(@ $from, $to=> a:  1.0;);
+        check!(@ $from, $to=> $($tail)*);
+    };
+
+    (@ $from:ty, $to:ty=> v: $src:expr, !$dst:expr; $($tail:tt)*) => {
+        {
+            println!("? {} => {}, v: {}, !{}", SL!($from), SL!($to), SL!($src), SL!($dst));
+            let src: $from = $src;
+            let dst: Result<$to, _> = src.value_into();
+            assert_eq!(dst, Err($dst(src)));
+        }
+        check!(@ $from, $to=> $($tail)*);
+    };
+
+    (@ $from:ty, $to:ty=> v: $src:expr; $($tail:tt)*) => {
+        {
+            println!("? {} => {}, v: {}", SL!($from), SL!($to), SL!($src));
+            let src: $from = $src;
+            let dst: Result<$to, _> = src.value_into();
+            assert_eq!(dst, Ok($src as $to));
+        }
+        check!(@ $from, $to=> $($tail)*);
+    };
+
+    (@ $from:ty, $to:ty=> qv: *; $($tail:tt)*) => {
+        {
+            extern crate quickcheck;
+            println!("? {} => {}, qv: *", SL!($from), SL!($to));
+
+            fn property(v: $from) -> bool {
+                let dst: Result<$to, _> = v.value_into();
+                dst == Ok(v as $to)
+            }
+
+            let mut qc = quickcheck::QuickCheck::new();
+            match qc.quicktest(property as fn($from) -> bool) {
+                Ok(_) => (),
+                Err(err) => panic!("qv {:?}", err)
+            }
+        }
+        check!(@ $from, $to=> $($tail)*);
+    };
+
+    (@ $from:ty, $to:ty=> qv: (+-$bound:expr); $($tail:tt)*) => {
+        {
+            extern crate quickcheck;
+            println!("? {} => {}, qv: (+- {})", SL!($from), SL!($to), SL!($bound));
+
+            fn property(v: $from) -> bool {
+                let dst: Result<$to, conv::FloatError<_>> = v.value_into().map_err(From::from);
+                if !(-$bound as $from <= v) {
+                    dst == Err(conv::FloatError::NegOverflow(v))
+                } else if !(v <= $bound as $from) {
+                    dst == Err(conv::FloatError::PosOverflow(v))
+                } else {
+                    dst == Ok(v as $to)
+                }
+            }
+
+            let mut qc = quickcheck::QuickCheck::new();
+            match qc.quicktest(property as fn($from) -> bool) {
+                Ok(_) => (),
+                Err(err) => panic!("qv {:?}", err)
+            }
+        }
+        check!(@ $from, $to=> $($tail)*);
+    };
+
+    (@ $from:ty, $to:ty=> qv: (, $bound:expr); $($tail:tt)*) => {
+        {
+            extern crate quickcheck;
+            println!("? {} => {}, qv: (, {})", SL!($from), SL!($to), SL!($bound));
+
+            fn property(v: $from) -> bool {
+                let dst: Result<$to, conv::FloatError<_>> = v.value_into().map_err(From::from);
+                if !(v <= $bound as $from) {
+                    dst == Err(conv::FloatError::PosOverflow(v))
+                } else {
+                    dst == Ok(v as $to)
+                }
+            }
+
+            let mut qc = quickcheck::QuickCheck::new();
+            match qc.quicktest(property as fn($from) -> bool) {
+                Ok(_) => (),
+                Err(err) => panic!("qv {:?}", err)
+            }
+        }
+        check!(@ $from, $to=> $($tail)*);
+    };
+
+    (@ $from:ty, $to:ty=> qv: +; $($tail:tt)*) => {
+        {
+            extern crate quickcheck;
+            println!("? {} => {}, qv: +", SL!($from), SL!($to));
+
+            fn property(v: $from) -> bool {
+                let dst: Result<$to, conv::FloatError<_>> = v.value_into().map_err(From::from);
+                if !(0 <= v) {
+                    dst == Err(conv::FloatError::NegOverflow(v))
+                } else {
+                    dst == Ok(v as $to)
+                }
+            }
+
+            let mut qc = quickcheck::QuickCheck::new();
+            match qc.quicktest(property as fn($from) -> bool) {
+                Ok(_) => (),
+                Err(err) => panic!("qv {:?}", err)
+            }
+        }
+        check!(@ $from, $to=> $($tail)*);
+    };
+
+    (@ $from:ty, $to:ty=> qv: +$max:ty=> $($tail:tt)*) => {
+        {
+            extern crate quickcheck;
+            println!("? {} => {}, qv: +{}", SL!($from), SL!($to), SL!($max));
+
+            fn property(v: $from) -> bool {
+                let dst: Result<$to, conv::FloatError<_>> = v.value_into().map_err(From::from);
+                if !(v <= <$max>::max_value() as $from) {
+                    dst == Err(conv::FloatError::PosOverflow(v))
+                } else {
+                    dst == Ok(v as $to)
+                }
+            }
+
+            let mut qc = quickcheck::QuickCheck::new();
+            match qc.quicktest(property as fn($from) -> bool) {
+                Ok(_) => (),
+                Err(err) => panic!("qv {:?}", err)
+            }
+        }
+        check!(@ $from, $to=> $($tail)*);
+    };
+
+    (@ $from:ty, $to:ty=> qv: $bound:ty=> $($tail:tt)*) => {
+        {
+            extern crate quickcheck;
+            println!("? {} => {}, qv: {}", SL!($from), SL!($to), SL!($bound));
+
+            fn property(v: $from) -> bool {
+                let dst: Result<$to, conv::FloatError<_>> = v.value_into().map_err(From::from);
+                if !(<$bound>::min_value() as $from <= v) {
+                    dst == Err(conv::FloatError::NegOverflow(v))
+                } else if !(v <= <$bound>::max_value() as $from) {
+                    dst == Err(conv::FloatError::PosOverflow(v))
+                } else {
+                    dst == Ok(v as $to)
+                }
+            }
+
+            let mut qc = quickcheck::QuickCheck::new();
+            match qc.quicktest(property as fn($from) -> bool) {
+                Ok(_) => (),
+                Err(err) => panic!("qv {:?}", err)
+            }
+        }
+        check!(@ $from, $to=> $($tail)*);
+    };
+
+    (@ $from:ty, $to:ty=> qv: $min:ty, $max:ty=> $($tail:tt)*) => {
+        {
+            extern crate quickcheck;
+            println!("? {} => {}, qv: {}, {}", SL!($from), SL!($to), SL!($min), SL!($max));
+
+            fn property(v: $from) -> bool {
+                let dst: Result<$to, conv::FloatError<_>> = v.value_into().map_err(From::from);
+                if !(<$min>::min_value() as $from <= v) {
+                    dst == Err(conv::FloatError::NegOverflow(v))
+                } else if !(v <= <$max>::max_value() as $from) {
+                    dst == Err(conv::FloatError::PosOverflow(v))
+                } else {
+                    dst == Ok(v as $to)
+                }
+            }
+
+            let mut qc = quickcheck::QuickCheck::new();
+            match qc.quicktest(property as fn($from) -> bool) {
+                Ok(_) => (),
+                Err(err) => panic!("qv {:?}", err)
+            }
+        }
+        check!(@ $from, $to=> $($tail)*);
+    };
+
+    (@ $from:ty, $to:ty=> a: $src:expr, !$dst:expr; $($tail:tt)*) => {
+        {
+            println!("? {} => {}, a: {}, !{}", SL!($from), SL!($to), SL!($src), SL!($dst));
+            let src: $from = $src;
+            let dst: Result<$to, _> = src.approx_as();
+            assert_eq!(dst, Err($dst(src)));
+        }
+        check!(@ $from, $to=> $($tail)*);
+    };
+
+    (@ $from:ty, $to:ty=> a: $src:expr, $dst:expr; $($tail:tt)*) => {
+        {
+            println!("? {} => {}, a: {}, {}", SL!($from), SL!($to), SL!($src), SL!($dst));
+            let src: $from = $src;
+            let dst: Result<$to, _> = src.approx_as();
+            assert_eq!(dst, Ok($dst));
+        }
+        check!(@ $from, $to=> $($tail)*);
+    };
+
+    (@ $from:ty, $to:ty=> a: $src:expr; $($tail:tt)*) => {
+        {
+            println!("? {} => {}, a: {}", SL!($from), SL!($to), SL!($src));
+            let src: $from = $src;
+            let dst: Result<$to, _> = src.approx_as();
+            assert_eq!(dst, Ok($src as $to));
+        }
+        check!(@ $from, $to=> $($tail)*);
+    };
+
+    (@ $from:ty, $to:ty=> qa: *; $($tail:tt)*) => {
+        {
+            println!("? {} => {}, qa: *", SL!($from), SL!($to));
+            extern crate quickcheck;
+
+            fn property(v: $from) -> bool {
+                let dst: Result<$to, _> = v.approx_as();
+                dst == Ok(v as $to)
+            }
+
+            let mut qc = quickcheck::QuickCheck::new();
+            match qc.quicktest(property as fn($from) -> bool) {
+                Ok(_) => (),
+                Err(err) => panic!("qa {:?}", err)
+            }
+        }
+        check!(@ $from, $to=> $($tail)*);
+    };
+
+    (@ $from:ty, $to:ty=> qa: +; $($tail:tt)*) => {
+        {
+            extern crate quickcheck;
+            println!("? {} => {}, qa: +", SL!($from), SL!($to));
+
+            fn property(v: $from) -> bool {
+                let dst: Result<$to, conv::FloatError<_>> = v.approx_as().map_err(From::from);
+                if !(0 <= v) {
+                    dst == Err(conv::FloatError::NegOverflow(v))
+                } else {
+                    dst == Ok(v as $to)
+                }
+            }
+
+            let mut qc = quickcheck::QuickCheck::new();
+            match qc.quicktest(property as fn($from) -> bool) {
+                Ok(_) => (),
+                Err(err) => panic!("qa {:?}", err)
+            }
+        }
+        check!(@ $from, $to=> $($tail)*);
+    };
+
+    (@ $from:ty, $to:ty=> qa: +$max:ty=> $($tail:tt)*) => {
+        {
+            extern crate quickcheck;
+            println!("? {} => {}, qa: +{}", SL!($from), SL!($to), SL!($max));
+
+            fn property(v: $from) -> bool {
+                let dst: Result<$to, conv::FloatError<_>> = v.approx_as().map_err(From::from);
+                if !(v <= <$max>::max_value() as $from) {
+                    dst == Err(conv::FloatError::PosOverflow(v))
+                } else {
+                    dst == Ok(v as $to)
+                }
+            }
+
+            let mut qc = quickcheck::QuickCheck::new();
+            match qc.quicktest(property as fn($from) -> bool) {
+                Ok(_) => (),
+                Err(err) => panic!("qa {:?}", err)
+            }
+        }
+        check!(@ $from, $to=> $($tail)*);
+    };
+
+    (@ $from:ty, $to:ty=> qa: $bound:ty=> $($tail:tt)*) => {
+        {
+            extern crate quickcheck;
+            println!("? {} => {}, qa: {}", SL!($from), SL!($to), SL!($bound));
+
+            fn property(v: $from) -> bool {
+                let dst: Result<$to, conv::FloatError<_>> = v.approx_as().map_err(From::from);
+                if !(<$bound>::min_value() as $from <= v) {
+                    dst == Err(conv::FloatError::NegOverflow(v))
+                } else if !(v <= <$bound>::max_value() as $from) {
+                    dst == Err(conv::FloatError::PosOverflow(v))
+                } else {
+                    dst == Ok(v as $to)
+                }
+            }
+
+            let mut qc = quickcheck::QuickCheck::new();
+            match qc.quicktest(property as fn($from) -> bool) {
+                Ok(_) => (),
+                Err(err) => panic!("qa {:?}", err)
+            }
+        }
+        check!(@ $from, $to=> $($tail)*);
+    };
+
+    (@ $from:ty, $to:ty=> qaW: *; $($tail:tt)*) => {
+        {
+            extern crate quickcheck;
+            println!("? {} => {}, qaW: *", SL!($from), SL!($to));
+
+            fn property(v: $from) -> bool {
+                let dst: Result<$to, _> = v.approx_as_by::<_, Wrapping>();
+                dst == Ok(v as $to)
+            }
+
+            let mut qc = quickcheck::QuickCheck::new();
+            match qc.quicktest(property as fn($from) -> bool) {
+                Ok(_) => (),
+                Err(err) => panic!("qaW {:?}", err)
+            }
+        }
+        check!(@ $from, $to=> $($tail)*);
+    };
+
+    (@ $from:ty, $to:ty=> aRTN: $src:expr, $dst:expr; $($tail:tt)*) => {
+        {
+            println!("? {} => {}, aRTN: {}, {}", SL!($from), SL!($to), SL!($src), SL!($dst));
+            let src: $from = $src;
+            let dst: Result<$to, _> = src.approx_by::<conv::RoundToNearest>();
+            assert_eq!(dst, Ok($dst));
+        }
+        check!(@ $from, $to=> $($tail)*);
+    };
+
+    (@ $from:ty, $to:ty=> aRNI: $src:expr, $dst:expr; $($tail:tt)*) => {
+        {
+            println!("? {} => {}, aRNI: {}, {}", SL!($from), SL!($to), SL!($src), SL!($dst));
+            let src: $from = $src;
+            let dst: Result<$to, _> = src.approx_by::<conv::RoundToNegInf>();
+            assert_eq!(dst, Ok($dst));
+        }
+        check!(@ $from, $to=> $($tail)*);
+    };
+
+    (@ $from:ty, $to:ty=> aRPI: $src:expr, $dst:expr; $($tail:tt)*) => {
+        {
+            println!("? {} => {}, aRPI: {}, {}", SL!($from), SL!($to), SL!($src), SL!($dst));
+            let src: $from = $src;
+            let dst: Result<$to, _> = src.approx_by::<conv::RoundToPosInf>();
+            assert_eq!(dst, Ok($dst));
+        }
+        check!(@ $from, $to=> $($tail)*);
+    };
+
+    (@ $from:ty, $to:ty=> aRTZ: $src:expr, $dst:expr; $($tail:tt)*) => {
+        {
+            println!("? {} => {}, aRTZ: {}, {}", SL!($from), SL!($to), SL!($src), SL!($dst));
+            let src: $from = $src;
+            let dst: Result<$to, _> = src.approx_by::<conv::RoundToZero>();
+            assert_eq!(dst, Ok($dst));
+        }
+        check!(@ $from, $to=> $($tail)*);
+    };
+
+    ($from:ty, $to:ty=> $($tail:tt)*) => {
+        check! { @ $from, $to=> $($tail)*; }
+    };
+}
+
+macro_rules! for_bitness {
+    (32 {$($bits32:tt)*} 64 {$($bits64:tt)*}) => {
+        as_expr!(
+            {
+                #[cfg(target_pointer_width="32")]
+                fn for_bitness() {
+                    $($bits32)*
+                }
+
+                #[cfg(target_pointer_width="64")]
+                fn for_bitness() {
+                    $($bits64)*
+                }
+
+                for_bitness()
+            }
+        )
+    };
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/devise_core/Cargo.toml b/case-studies/plume/vendor/devise_core/Cargo.toml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d8524a4e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/devise_core/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+# THIS FILE IS AUTOMATICALLY GENERATED BY CARGO
+#
+# When uploading crates to the registry Cargo will automatically
+# "normalize" Cargo.toml files for maximal compatibility
+# with all versions of Cargo and also rewrite `path` dependencies
+# to registry (e.g., crates.io) dependencies.
+#
+# If you are reading this file be aware that the original Cargo.toml
+# will likely look very different (and much more reasonable).
+# See Cargo.toml.orig for the original contents.
+
+[package]
+name = "devise_core"
+version = "0.2.1"
+authors = ["Sergio Benitez <sb@sergio.bz>"]
+description = "A library for devising derives and other procedural macros."
+license = "MIT/Apache-2.0"
+repository = "https://github.com/SergioBenitez/Devise"
+
+[dependencies.bitflags]
+version = "1.0"
+
+[dependencies.proc-macro2]
+version = "0.4"
+features = ["nightly"]
+
+[dependencies.quote]
+version = "0.6"
+
+[dependencies.syn]
+version = "0.15"
+features = [
+    "full",
+    "extra-traits",
+]
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/devise_core/src/derived.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/devise_core/src/derived.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c75b05ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/devise_core/src/derived.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+use syn;
+use quote::ToTokens;
+
+use proc_macro2::TokenStream as TokenStream2;
+use field::{Field, FieldParent, Fields};
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct Derived<'p, T: 'p> {
+    pub derive_input: &'p syn::DeriveInput,
+    pub value: &'p T,
+}
+
+pub type Variant<'v> = Derived<'v, syn::Variant>;
+
+pub type Struct<'v> = Derived<'v, syn::DataStruct>;
+
+pub type Enum<'v> = Derived<'v, syn::DataEnum>;
+
+impl<'p, T> Derived<'p, T> {
+    pub fn from(derive_input: &'p syn::DeriveInput, value: &'p T) -> Self {
+        Derived { derive_input, value }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'p, T> ::std::ops::Deref for Derived<'p, T> {
+    type Target = T;
+
+    fn deref(&self) -> &T {
+        self.value
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'p, T: ToTokens> ToTokens for Derived<'p, T> {
+    fn to_tokens(&self, tokens: &mut TokenStream2) {
+        self.value.to_tokens(tokens)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'p, T> Copy for Derived<'p, T> { }
+
+impl<'p, T> Clone for Derived<'p, T> {
+    fn clone(&self) -> Derived<'p, T> {
+        *self
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'f> Variant<'f> {
+    pub fn builder<F: Fn(Field) -> TokenStream2>(&self, f: F) -> TokenStream2 {
+        let variant = &self.ident;
+        let expression = self.fields().iter().map(f);
+        let enum_name = &self.derive_input.ident;
+        if self.fields().are_named() {
+            let field_name = self.fields.iter().map(|f| f.ident.as_ref().unwrap());
+            quote! {
+                #enum_name::#variant { #(#field_name: #expression),* }
+            }
+        } else if self.fields().are_unnamed() {
+            quote! {
+                #enum_name::#variant(#(#expression),*)
+            }
+        } else {
+            quote! {
+                #enum_name::#variant
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn fields(self) -> Fields<'f> {
+        FieldParent::Variant(self).fields()
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'p> Enum<'p> {
+    pub fn variants(self) -> impl Iterator<Item = Variant<'p>> {
+        self.value.variants.iter()
+            .map(move |v| Derived::from(&self.derive_input, v))
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'p> Struct<'p> {
+    pub fn fields(self) -> Fields<'p> {
+        FieldParent::Struct(self).fields()
+    }
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/devise_core/src/ext.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/devise_core/src/ext.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3d601ccb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/devise_core/src/ext.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,208 @@
+use syn::{*, punctuated::Punctuated, token::Comma};
+
+pub trait PathExt {
+    fn is(&self, global: bool, segments: &[&str]) -> bool;
+    fn is_local(&self, segments: &[&str]) -> bool;
+    fn is_global(&self, segments: &[&str]) -> bool;
+    fn generics(&self) -> Option<&Punctuated<GenericArgument, Comma>>;
+}
+
+pub trait TypeExt {
+    fn strip_lifetimes(&mut self);
+    fn with_stripped_lifetimes(&self) -> Type;
+}
+
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum GenericKind { Lifetime, Type, Binding, Const, Constraint }
+
+pub trait GenericExt {
+    fn kind(&self) -> GenericKind;
+}
+
+pub trait Split2<A, B>: Sized + Iterator {
+    fn split2(self) -> (Vec<A>, Vec<B>);
+}
+
+pub trait Split3<A, B, C>: Sized + Iterator {
+    fn split3(self) -> (Vec<A>, Vec<B>, Vec<C>);
+}
+
+impl PathExt for Path {
+    fn is(&self, global: bool, segments: &[&str]) -> bool {
+        if self.leading_colon.is_some() != global || self.segments.len() != segments.len() {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        for (segment, wanted) in self.segments.iter().zip(segments.iter()) {
+            if segment.ident != wanted {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        true
+    }
+
+    fn is_local(&self, segments: &[&str]) -> bool {
+        self.is(false, segments)
+    }
+
+    fn is_global(&self, segments: &[&str]) -> bool {
+        self.is(true, segments)
+    }
+
+    fn generics(&self) -> Option<&Punctuated<GenericArgument, Comma>> {
+        self.segments.last().and_then(|last| {
+            match last.value().arguments {
+                PathArguments::AngleBracketed(ref args) => Some(&args.args),
+                _ => None
+            }
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+impl<A, B, I: IntoIterator<Item = (A, B)> + Iterator> Split2<A, B> for I {
+    fn split2(self) -> (Vec<A>, Vec<B>) {
+        let (mut first, mut second) = (vec![], vec![]);
+        self.into_iter().for_each(|(a, b)| {
+            first.push(a);
+            second.push(b);
+        });
+
+        (first, second)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<A, B, C, I: IntoIterator<Item = (A, B, C)> + Iterator> Split3<A, B, C> for I {
+    fn split3(self) -> (Vec<A>, Vec<B>, Vec<C>) {
+        let (mut first, mut second, mut third) = (vec![], vec![], vec![]);
+        self.into_iter().for_each(|(a, b, c)| {
+            first.push(a);
+            second.push(b);
+            third.push(c);
+        });
+
+        (first, second, third)
+    }
+}
+
+impl TypeExt for Type {
+    fn strip_lifetimes(&mut self) {
+        strip(self);
+    }
+
+    fn with_stripped_lifetimes(&self) -> Type {
+        let mut new = self.clone();
+        new.strip_lifetimes();
+        new
+    }
+}
+
+fn make_wild(lifetime: &mut Lifetime) {
+    lifetime.ident = Ident::new("_", lifetime.ident.span());
+}
+
+fn strip(ty: &mut Type) {
+    match *ty {
+        Type::Reference(ref mut inner) => {
+            inner.lifetime.as_mut().map(make_wild);
+            strip(&mut inner.elem);
+        }
+        Type::Slice(ref mut inner) => strip(&mut inner.elem),
+        Type::Array(ref mut inner) => strip(&mut inner.elem),
+        Type::Ptr(ref mut inner) => strip(&mut inner.elem),
+        Type::Paren(ref mut inner) => strip(&mut inner.elem),
+        Type::Group(ref mut inner) => strip(&mut inner.elem),
+        Type::BareFn(ref mut inner) => {
+            inner.lifetimes.as_mut().map(strip_bound_lifetimes);
+            if let ReturnType::Type(_, ref mut ty) = inner.output {
+                strip(ty);
+            }
+
+            inner.inputs.iter_mut().for_each(|input| strip(&mut input.ty));
+        }
+        Type::Tuple(ref mut inner) => {
+            inner.elems.iter_mut().for_each(strip);
+        }
+        Type::Path(ref mut inner) => {
+            if let Some(ref mut qself) = inner.qself {
+                strip(&mut qself.ty);
+            }
+
+            strip_path(&mut inner.path);
+        }
+        Type::ImplTrait(ref mut inner) => strip_bounds(&mut inner.bounds),
+        Type::TraitObject(ref mut inner) => strip_bounds(&mut inner.bounds),
+        Type::Infer(_) | Type::Macro(_) | Type::Verbatim(_) | Type::Never(_) => {  }
+    }
+}
+
+fn strip_bound_lifetimes(bound: &mut BoundLifetimes) {
+    bound.lifetimes.iter_mut().for_each(|d| make_wild(&mut d.lifetime));
+}
+
+fn strip_path(path: &mut Path) {
+    for segment in path.segments.iter_mut() {
+        use syn::GenericArgument::*;
+
+        match segment.arguments {
+            PathArguments::AngleBracketed(ref mut inner) => {
+                let args = inner.args.clone();
+                inner.args = args.into_pairs().filter_map(|mut pair| {
+                    match pair.value_mut() {
+                        Lifetime(ref mut l) => make_wild(l),
+                        Type(ref mut ty) => strip(ty),
+                        Binding(ref mut inner) => strip(&mut inner.ty),
+                        Constraint(ref mut inner) => strip_bounds(&mut inner.bounds),
+                        Const(..) => { /* ? */ }
+                    }
+
+                    Some(pair)
+                }).collect();
+            }
+            PathArguments::Parenthesized(ref mut args) => {
+                args.inputs.iter_mut().for_each(strip);
+                if let ReturnType::Type(_, ref mut ty) = args.output {
+                    strip(ty);
+                }
+            }
+            PathArguments::None => {  }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn strip_bounds(bounds: &mut Punctuated<TypeParamBound, token::Add>) {
+    let old_bounds = bounds.clone();
+    *bounds = old_bounds.into_pairs().filter_map(|mut pair| {
+        match pair.value_mut() {
+            TypeParamBound::Lifetime(ref mut l) => make_wild(l),
+            TypeParamBound::Trait(ref mut inner) => {
+                inner.lifetimes.as_mut().map(strip_bound_lifetimes);
+                strip_path(&mut inner.path);
+            }
+        }
+
+        Some(pair)
+    }).collect();
+}
+
+impl GenericExt for GenericArgument {
+    fn kind(&self) -> GenericKind {
+        match *self {
+            GenericArgument::Lifetime(..) => GenericKind::Lifetime,
+            GenericArgument::Type(..) => GenericKind::Type,
+            GenericArgument::Binding(..) => GenericKind::Binding,
+            GenericArgument::Constraint(..) => GenericKind::Constraint,
+            GenericArgument::Const(..) => GenericKind::Const,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl GenericExt for GenericParam {
+    fn kind(&self) -> GenericKind {
+        match *self {
+            GenericParam::Lifetime(..) => GenericKind::Lifetime,
+            GenericParam::Type(..) => GenericKind::Type,
+            GenericParam::Const(..) => GenericKind::Const,
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/devise_core/src/field.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/devise_core/src/field.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..417effbd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/devise_core/src/field.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
+use std::ops::Deref;
+
+use syn::{self, Member, Index, punctuated::Punctuated};
+use proc_macro::Span;
+use proc_macro2::TokenStream as TokenStream2;
+
+use derived::Derived;
+use spanned::Spanned;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone)]
+pub enum FieldParent<'p> {
+    Variant(Derived<'p, syn::Variant>),
+    Struct(Derived<'p, syn::DataStruct>),
+    Union(Derived<'p, syn::DataUnion>),
+}
+
+impl<'p> FieldParent<'p> {
+    pub fn input(self) -> &'p syn::DeriveInput {
+        match self {
+            FieldParent::Variant(v) => v.derive_input,
+            FieldParent::Struct(s) => s.derive_input,
+            FieldParent::Union(u) => u.derive_input,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn fields(self) -> Fields<'p> {
+        let (mut span, kind) = match self {
+            FieldParent::Variant(v) => (v.fields.span(), (&v.value.fields).into()),
+            FieldParent::Struct(s) => (s.fields.span(), (&s.value.fields).into()),
+            FieldParent::Union(u) => (u.fields.span(), FieldKind::Named(&u.value.fields.named)),
+        };
+
+        if let FieldKind::Unit = kind {
+            span = match self {
+                FieldParent::Variant(v) => v.span(),
+                _ => self.input().span(),
+            };
+        }
+
+        Fields { parent: self, kind, span }
+    }
+
+    pub fn attrs(self) -> &'p [syn::Attribute] {
+        match self {
+            FieldParent::Variant(v) => &v.value.attrs,
+            FieldParent::Struct(_) | FieldParent::Union(_) => &self.input().attrs,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub(crate) enum FieldKind<'p> {
+    Named(&'p Punctuated<syn::Field, syn::token::Comma>),
+    Unnamed(&'p Punctuated<syn::Field, syn::token::Comma>),
+    Unit
+}
+
+impl<'a> From<&'a syn::Fields> for FieldKind<'a> {
+    fn from(syn_fields: &'a syn::Fields) -> Self {
+        match syn_fields {
+            syn::Fields::Named(ref fs) => FieldKind::Named(&fs.named),
+            syn::Fields::Unnamed(ref fs) => FieldKind::Unnamed(&fs.unnamed),
+            syn::Fields::Unit => FieldKind::Unit,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'p> FieldKind<'p> {
+    fn fields(&self) -> Option<&'p Punctuated<syn::Field, syn::token::Comma>> {
+        match self {
+            FieldKind::Named(inner) | FieldKind::Unnamed(inner) => Some(inner),
+            FieldKind::Unit => None
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn iter(self) -> impl Iterator<Item = &'p syn::Field> {
+        self.fields().into_iter().flat_map(|fields| fields.iter())
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone)]
+pub struct Fields<'p> {
+    pub(crate) parent: FieldParent<'p>,
+    pub(crate) kind: FieldKind<'p>,
+    pub(crate) span: Span,
+}
+
+impl<'f> Fields<'f> {
+    pub fn iter(self) -> impl Iterator<Item = Field<'f>> {
+        self.kind.iter().enumerate().map(move |(index, field)| Field {
+            index,
+            parent: self.parent,
+            field: Derived::from(self.parent.input(), field),
+        })
+    }
+
+    pub fn is_empty(self) -> bool {
+        self.count() == 0
+    }
+
+    pub fn count(self) -> usize {
+        match self.kind {
+            FieldKind::Named(fields) => fields.len(),
+            FieldKind::Unnamed(fields) => fields.len(),
+            FieldKind::Unit => 0
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn parent_attrs(self) -> &'f [syn::Attribute] {
+        self.parent.attrs()
+    }
+
+    pub fn are_named(self) -> bool {
+        match self.kind {
+            FieldKind::Named(..) => true,
+            _ => false
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn are_unnamed(self) -> bool {
+        match self.kind {
+            FieldKind::Unnamed(..) => true,
+            _ => false
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn are_unit(self) -> bool {
+        match self.kind {
+            FieldKind::Unit => true,
+            _ => false
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn surround(self, tokens: TokenStream2) -> TokenStream2 {
+        match self.kind {
+            FieldKind::Named(..) => quote!({ #tokens }),
+            FieldKind::Unnamed(..) => quote!(( #tokens )),
+            FieldKind::Unit => quote!()
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn match_tokens(self) -> TokenStream2 {
+        // This relies on match ergonomics to work in either case.
+        let idents = self.iter().map(|field| {
+            let match_ident = field.match_ident();
+            match field.ident {
+                Some(ref id) => quote!(#id: #match_ident),
+                None => quote!(#match_ident)
+            }
+
+        });
+
+        self.surround(quote!(#(#idents),*))
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'f> Spanned for Fields<'f> {
+    fn span(&self) -> Span {
+        self.span
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone)]
+pub struct Field<'f> {
+    pub parent: FieldParent<'f>,
+    pub field: Derived<'f, syn::Field>,
+    pub index: usize,
+}
+
+impl<'f> Field<'f> {
+    pub fn match_ident(self) -> syn::Ident {
+        let name = match self.ident {
+            Some(ref id) => format!("__{}", id),
+            None => format!("__{}", self.index)
+        };
+
+        syn::Ident::new(&name, self.span().into())
+    }
+
+    pub fn accessor(&self) -> TokenStream2 {
+        if let FieldParent::Variant(_) = self.parent {
+            let ident = self.match_ident();
+            quote!(#ident)
+        } else {
+            let span = self.field.span().into();
+            let member = match self.ident {
+                Some(ref ident) => Member::Named(ident.clone()),
+                None => Member::Unnamed(Index { index: self.index as u32, span })
+            };
+
+            quote_spanned!(span => self.#member)
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'f> Deref for Field<'f> {
+    type Target = Derived<'f, syn::Field>;
+
+    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
+        &self.field
+    }
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/devise_core/src/from_meta/meta_item.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/devise_core/src/from_meta/meta_item.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1f0a2cf2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/devise_core/src/from_meta/meta_item.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+use syn::{self, punctuated::Punctuated};
+
+use generator::Result;
+use spanned::Spanned;
+use proc_macro::Span;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone)]
+pub enum MetaItem<'a> {
+    Ident(&'a syn::Ident),
+    Literal(&'a syn::Lit),
+    KeyValue(&'a syn::Ident, &'a syn::Lit),
+    List(MetaItemList<'a>)
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone)]
+pub struct MetaItemList<'a> {
+    pub ident: &'a syn::Ident,
+    pub iter: &'a Punctuated<syn::NestedMeta, syn::token::Comma>
+}
+
+impl<'a> MetaItemList<'a> {
+    pub fn iter(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = MetaItem<'a>> {
+        self.iter.iter().map(MetaItem::from)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> Spanned for MetaItemList<'a> {
+    fn span(&self) -> Span {
+        self.iter.span()
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> From<&'a syn::Meta> for MetaItem<'a> {
+    fn from(meta: &syn::Meta) -> MetaItem {
+        match meta {
+            syn::Meta::Word(i) => MetaItem::Ident(i),
+            syn::Meta::NameValue(nv) => MetaItem::KeyValue(&nv.ident, &nv.lit),
+            syn::Meta::List(list) => {
+                MetaItem::List(MetaItemList { ident: &list.ident, iter: &list.nested })
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> From<&'a syn::NestedMeta> for MetaItem<'a> {
+    fn from(nested: &syn::NestedMeta) -> MetaItem {
+        match nested {
+            syn::NestedMeta::Meta(meta) => MetaItem::from(meta),
+            syn::NestedMeta::Literal(lit) => MetaItem::Literal(lit),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> MetaItem<'a> {
+    pub fn name(&self) -> Option<&syn::Ident> {
+        use MetaItem::*;
+
+        match self {
+            Ident(i) | KeyValue(i, _) | List(MetaItemList { ident: i, .. }) => {
+                Some(i)
+            }
+            _ => None
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn description(&self) -> &'static str {
+        match self {
+            MetaItem::Ident(..) => "identifier",
+            MetaItem::Literal(syn::Lit::Str(..)) => "string literal",
+            MetaItem::Literal(syn::Lit::ByteStr(..)) => "byte string literal",
+            MetaItem::Literal(syn::Lit::Byte(..)) => "byte literal",
+            MetaItem::Literal(syn::Lit::Char(..)) => "character literal",
+            MetaItem::Literal(syn::Lit::Int(..)) => "integer literal",
+            MetaItem::Literal(syn::Lit::Float(..)) => "float literal",
+            MetaItem::Literal(syn::Lit::Bool(..)) => "boolean literal",
+            MetaItem::Literal(syn::Lit::Verbatim(..)) => "literal",
+            MetaItem::KeyValue(..) => "key/value pair",
+            MetaItem::List(..) => "list",
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn is_bare(&self) -> bool {
+        match self {
+            MetaItem::Ident(..) | MetaItem::Literal(..) => true,
+            MetaItem::KeyValue(..) | MetaItem::List(..) => false,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn lit(&self) -> Result<&syn::Lit> {
+        match self {
+            MetaItem::Literal(lit) | MetaItem::KeyValue(_, lit) => Ok(lit),
+            _ => Err(self.span().error("expected literal or key/value pair"))
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn value_span(&self) -> Span {
+        match self {
+            MetaItem::KeyValue(_, lit) => lit.span(),
+            _ => self.span(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> Spanned for MetaItem<'a> {
+    fn span(&self) -> Span {
+        match self {
+            MetaItem::Ident(i) => i.span(),
+            MetaItem::Literal(l) => l.span(),
+            MetaItem::KeyValue(i, l) => {
+                i.span().join(l.span()).unwrap_or(Span::call_site())
+            }
+            MetaItem::List(l) => l.span(),
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/devise_core/src/from_meta/mod.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/devise_core/src/from_meta/mod.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..24d1c352
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/devise_core/src/from_meta/mod.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+mod meta_item;
+
+use syn::{self, Lit::*};
+
+pub use self::meta_item::{MetaItem, MetaItemList};
+
+use generator::Result;
+use spanned::Spanned;
+use proc_macro::Span;
+
+// Spans of k/v pair, key, then value.
+#[derive(Copy, Clone)]
+pub struct SpanWrapped<T> {
+    pub span: Span,
+    pub full_span: Span,
+    pub value: T,
+}
+
+pub trait FromMeta: Sized {
+    fn from_meta(meta: MetaItem) -> Result<Self>;
+
+    fn from_attr(name: &str, attr: &syn::Attribute) -> Result<Self> {
+        let meta = attr.interpret_meta().ok_or_else(|| {
+            attr.span()
+                .error("malformed attribute")
+                .help(format!("expected syntax: #[{}(key = value, ..)]", name))
+        })?;
+
+        if let syn::Meta::List(list) = meta {
+            let list = MetaItemList { ident: &list.ident, iter: &list.nested };
+            Self::from_meta(MetaItem::List(list))
+        } else {
+            Err(meta.span()
+                    .error("malformed attribute: expected list")
+                    .help(format!("expected syntax: #[{}(key = value, ..)]", name)))
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn from_attrs(name: &str, attrs: &[syn::Attribute]) -> Option<Result<Self>> {
+        let tokens = name.parse()
+            .expect(&format!("`{}` contained invalid tokens", name));
+
+        let path = syn::parse(tokens)
+            .expect(&format!("`{}` was not a valid path", name));
+
+        let mut matches = attrs.iter().filter(|attr| attr.path == path);
+        let attr = matches.next()?;
+
+        if let Some(extra) = matches.next() {
+            let msg = format!("duplicate invocation of `{}` attribute", name);
+            return Some(Err(extra.span().error(msg)));
+        }
+
+        Some(Self::from_attr(name, attr))
+    }
+
+    fn default() -> Option<Self> {
+        None
+    }
+}
+
+impl FromMeta for isize {
+    fn from_meta(meta: MetaItem) -> Result<Self> {
+        if let Int(i) = meta.lit()? {
+            if i.value() <= isize::max_value() as u64 {
+                return Ok(i.value() as isize);
+            }
+
+            return Err(meta.value_span().error("value is out of range for `isize`"));
+        }
+
+        Err(meta.value_span().error("invalid value: expected integer literal"))
+    }
+}
+
+impl FromMeta for usize {
+    fn from_meta(meta: MetaItem) -> Result<Self> {
+        if let Int(i) = meta.lit()? {
+            if i.value() <= usize::max_value() as u64 {
+                return Ok(i.value() as usize);
+            }
+
+            return Err(meta.value_span().error("value is out of range for `usize`"));
+        }
+
+        Err(meta.value_span().error("invalid value: expected unsigned integer literal"))
+    }
+}
+
+impl FromMeta for String {
+    fn from_meta(meta: MetaItem) -> Result<Self> {
+        if let Str(s) = meta.lit()? {
+            return Ok(s.value());
+        }
+
+        Err(meta.value_span().error("invalid value: expected string literal"))
+    }
+}
+
+impl FromMeta for bool {
+    fn from_meta(meta: MetaItem) -> Result<Self> {
+        if let MetaItem::Ident(_) = meta {
+            return Ok(true);
+        }
+
+        if let Bool(b) = meta.lit()? {
+            return Ok(b.value);
+        }
+
+        return Err(meta.value_span().error("invalid value: expected boolean"));
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: FromMeta> FromMeta for Option<T> {
+    fn from_meta(meta: MetaItem) -> Result<Self> {
+        T::from_meta(meta).map(Some)
+    }
+
+    fn default() -> Option<Self> {
+        Some(None)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: FromMeta> FromMeta for SpanWrapped<T> {
+    fn from_meta(meta: MetaItem) -> Result<Self> {
+        let span = meta.value_span();
+        let full_span = meta.span();
+        T::from_meta(meta).map(|value| SpanWrapped { full_span, span, value })
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: ::quote::ToTokens> ::quote::ToTokens for SpanWrapped<T> {
+    fn to_tokens(&self, tokens: &mut ::proc_macro2::TokenStream) {
+        self.value.to_tokens(tokens)
+    }
+}
+
+use std::ops::Deref;
+
+impl<T> Deref for SpanWrapped<T> {
+    type Target = T;
+
+    fn deref(&self) -> &T {
+        &self.value
+    }
+}
+
+use std::fmt;
+
+impl<T: fmt::Debug> fmt::Debug for SpanWrapped<T> {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+        f.debug_tuple("SpanWrapped")
+            .field(&self.value)
+            .finish()
+    }
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/devise_core/src/generator.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/devise_core/src/generator.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..90abf7fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/devise_core/src/generator.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,379 @@
+use syn;
+use proc_macro::{TokenStream, Diagnostic};
+use proc_macro2::TokenStream as TokenStream2;
+
+use spanned::Spanned;
+use ext::GenericExt;
+
+use field::{Field, Fields};
+use support::{GenericSupport, DataSupport};
+use derived::{Derived, Variant, Struct, Enum};
+
+pub type Result<T> = ::std::result::Result<T, Diagnostic>;
+pub type MapResult = Result<TokenStream2>;
+
+macro_rules! validator {
+    ($fn_name:ident: $validate_fn_type:ty, $field:ident) => {
+        pub fn $fn_name<F: 'static>(&mut self, f: F) -> &mut Self
+            where F: Fn(&DeriveGenerator, $validate_fn_type) -> Result<()>
+        {
+            self.$field = Box::new(f);
+            self
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+macro_rules! mappers {
+    ($(($map_f:ident, $try_f:ident, $get_f:ident, $default_f:ident): $type:ty, $vec:ident),*) => (
+        pub(crate) fn push_default_mappers(&mut self) {
+            $(self.$vec.push(Box::new($default_f));)*
+        }
+
+        $(
+            pub fn $map_f<F: 'static>(&mut self, f: F) -> &mut Self
+                where F: Fn(&DeriveGenerator, $type) -> TokenStream2
+            {
+                if !self.$vec.is_empty() {
+                    let last = self.$vec.len() - 1;
+                    self.$vec[last] = Box::new(move |g, v| Ok(f(g, v)));
+                }
+
+                self
+            }
+
+            pub fn $try_f<F: 'static>(&mut self, f: F) -> &mut Self
+                where F: Fn(&DeriveGenerator, $type) -> MapResult
+            {
+                if !self.$vec.is_empty() {
+                    let last = self.$vec.len() - 1;
+                    self.$vec[last] = Box::new(f);
+                }
+
+                self
+            }
+
+            pub fn $get_f(&self) -> &Box<dyn Fn(&DeriveGenerator, $type) -> MapResult> {
+                assert!(!self.$vec.is_empty());
+                let last = self.$vec.len() - 1;
+                &self.$vec[last]
+            }
+        )*
+    )
+}
+
+// FIXME: Take a `Box<Fn>` everywhere so we can capture args!
+pub struct DeriveGenerator {
+    pub input: syn::DeriveInput,
+    pub trait_impl: syn::ItemImpl,
+    pub trait_path: syn::Path,
+    pub(crate) generic_support: GenericSupport,
+    pub(crate) data_support: DataSupport,
+    pub(crate) enum_validator: Box<dyn Fn(&DeriveGenerator, Enum) -> Result<()>>,
+    pub(crate) struct_validator: Box<dyn Fn(&DeriveGenerator, Struct) -> Result<()>>,
+    pub(crate) generics_validator: Box<dyn Fn(&DeriveGenerator, &::syn::Generics) -> Result<()>>,
+    pub(crate) fields_validator: Box<dyn Fn(&DeriveGenerator, Fields) -> Result<()>>,
+    pub(crate) type_generic_mapper: Option<Box<dyn Fn(&DeriveGenerator, &syn::Ident, &syn::TypeParam) -> TokenStream2>>,
+    pub(crate) generic_replacements: Vec<(usize, usize)>,
+    pub(crate) functions: Vec<Box<dyn Fn(&DeriveGenerator, TokenStream2) -> TokenStream2>>,
+    pub(crate) enum_mappers: Vec<Box<dyn Fn(&DeriveGenerator, Enum) -> MapResult>>,
+    pub(crate) struct_mappers: Vec<Box<dyn Fn(&DeriveGenerator, Struct) -> MapResult>>,
+    pub(crate) variant_mappers: Vec<Box<dyn Fn(&DeriveGenerator, Variant) -> MapResult>>,
+    pub(crate) fields_mappers: Vec<Box<dyn Fn(&DeriveGenerator, Fields) -> MapResult>>,
+    pub(crate) field_mappers: Vec<Box<dyn Fn(&DeriveGenerator, Field) -> MapResult>>,
+}
+
+pub fn default_enum_mapper(gen: &DeriveGenerator, data: Enum) -> MapResult {
+    let variant = data.variants().map(|v| &v.value.ident);
+    let fields = data.variants().map(|v| v.fields().match_tokens());
+    let enum_name = ::std::iter::repeat(&data.derive_input.ident);
+    let expression = data.variants()
+        .map(|v| gen.variant_mapper()(gen, v))
+        .collect::<Result<Vec<_>>>()?;
+
+    Ok(quote! {
+        // FIXME: Check if we can also use id_match_tokens due to match
+        // ergonomics. I don't think so, though. If we can't, then ask (in
+        // `function`) whether receiver is `&self`, `&mut self` or `self` and
+        // bind match accordingly.
+        match self {
+            #(#enum_name::#variant #fields => { #expression }),*
+        }
+    })
+}
+
+pub fn null_enum_mapper(gen: &DeriveGenerator, data: Enum) -> MapResult {
+    let expression = data.variants()
+        .map(|v| gen.variant_mapper()(gen, v))
+        .collect::<Result<Vec<_>>>()?;
+
+    Ok(quote!(#(#expression)*))
+}
+
+pub fn default_struct_mapper(gen: &DeriveGenerator, data: Struct) -> MapResult {
+    gen.fields_mapper()(gen, data.fields())
+}
+
+pub fn default_variant_mapper(gen: &DeriveGenerator, data: Variant) -> MapResult {
+    gen.fields_mapper()(gen, data.fields())
+}
+
+pub fn default_field_mapper(_gen: &DeriveGenerator, _data: Field) -> MapResult {
+    Ok(TokenStream2::new())
+}
+
+pub fn default_fields_mapper(g: &DeriveGenerator, fields: Fields) -> MapResult {
+    let field = fields.iter()
+        .map(|field| g.field_mapper()(g, field))
+        .collect::<Result<Vec<_>>>()?;
+
+    Ok(quote!({ #(#field)* }))
+}
+
+impl DeriveGenerator {
+    pub fn build_for(input: TokenStream, trait_impl: TokenStream2) -> DeriveGenerator {
+        let trait_impl: syn::ItemImpl = syn::parse2(quote!(#trait_impl for Foo {}))
+            .expect("invalid impl");
+        let trait_path = trait_impl.trait_.clone().expect("impl does not have trait").1;
+        let input = syn::parse(input).expect("invalid derive input");
+
+        DeriveGenerator {
+            input, trait_impl, trait_path,
+            generic_support: GenericSupport::None,
+            data_support: DataSupport::None,
+            type_generic_mapper: None,
+            generic_replacements: vec![],
+            enum_validator: Box::new(|_, _| Ok(())),
+            struct_validator: Box::new(|_, _| Ok(())),
+            generics_validator: Box::new(|_, _| Ok(())),
+            fields_validator: Box::new(|_, _| Ok(())),
+            functions: vec![],
+            enum_mappers: vec![],
+            struct_mappers: vec![],
+            variant_mappers: vec![],
+            field_mappers: vec![],
+            fields_mappers: vec![],
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn generic_support(&mut self, support: GenericSupport) -> &mut Self {
+        self.generic_support = support;
+        self
+    }
+
+    pub fn data_support(&mut self, support: DataSupport) -> &mut Self {
+        self.data_support = support;
+        self
+    }
+
+    pub fn map_type_generic<F: 'static>(&mut self, f: F) -> &mut Self
+        where F: Fn(&DeriveGenerator, &syn::Ident, &syn::TypeParam) -> TokenStream2
+    {
+        self.type_generic_mapper = Some(Box::new(f));
+        self
+    }
+
+    pub fn replace_generic(&mut self, trait_gen: usize, impl_gen: usize) -> &mut Self {
+        self.generic_replacements.push((trait_gen, impl_gen));
+        self
+    }
+
+    validator!(validate_enum: Enum, enum_validator);
+    validator!(validate_struct: Struct, struct_validator);
+    validator!(validate_generics: &syn::Generics, generics_validator);
+    validator!(validate_fields: Fields, fields_validator);
+
+    pub fn function<F: 'static>(&mut self, f: F) -> &mut Self 
+        where F: Fn(&DeriveGenerator, TokenStream2) -> TokenStream2
+    {
+        self.functions.push(Box::new(f));
+        self.push_default_mappers();
+        self
+    }
+
+    mappers! {
+        (map_struct, try_map_struct, struct_mapper, default_struct_mapper): Struct, struct_mappers,
+        (map_enum, try_map_enum, enum_mapper, default_enum_mapper): Enum, enum_mappers,
+        (map_variant, try_map_variant, variant_mapper, default_variant_mapper): Variant, variant_mappers,
+        (map_fields, try_map_fields, fields_mapper, default_fields_mapper): Fields, fields_mappers,
+        (map_field, try_map_field, field_mapper, default_field_mapper): Field, field_mappers
+    }
+
+    fn _to_tokens(&mut self) -> Result<TokenStream> {
+        use syn::*;
+
+        // Step 1: Run all validators.
+        // Step 1a: First, check for data support.
+        let (span, support) = (self.input.span(), self.data_support);
+        match self.input.data {
+            Data::Struct(ref data) => {
+                let named = Struct::from(&self.input, data).fields().are_named();
+                if named && !support.contains(DataSupport::NamedStruct) {
+                    return Err(span.error("named structs are not supported"));
+                }
+
+                if !named && !support.contains(DataSupport::TupleStruct) {
+                    return Err(span.error("tuple structs are not supported"));
+                }
+            }
+            Data::Enum(..) if !support.contains(DataSupport::Enum) => {
+                return Err(span.error("enums are not supported"));
+            }
+            Data::Union(..) if !support.contains(DataSupport::Union) => {
+                return Err(span.error("unions are not supported"));
+            }
+            _ => { /* we're okay! */ }
+        }
+
+        // Step 1b: Second, check for generics support.
+        for generic in &self.input.generics.params {
+            use syn::GenericParam::*;
+
+            let (span, support) = (generic.span(), self.generic_support);
+            match generic {
+                Type(..) if !support.contains(GenericSupport::Type) => {
+                    return Err(span.error("type generics are not supported"));
+                }
+                Lifetime(..) if !support.contains(GenericSupport::Lifetime) => {
+                    return Err(span.error("lifetime generics are not supported"));
+                }
+                Const(..) if !support.contains(GenericSupport::Const) => {
+                    return Err(span.error("const generics are not supported"));
+                }
+                _ => { /* we're okay! */ }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Step 1c: Third, run the custom validators.
+        (self.generics_validator)(self, &self.input.generics)?;
+        match self.input.data {
+            Data::Struct(ref data) => {
+                let derived = Derived::from(&self.input, data);
+                (self.struct_validator)(self, derived)?;
+                (self.fields_validator)(self, derived.fields())?;
+            }
+            Data::Enum(ref data) => {
+                let derived = Derived::from(&self.input, data);
+                (self.enum_validator)(self, derived)?;
+                for variant in derived.variants() {
+                    (self.fields_validator)(self, variant.fields())?;
+                }
+            }
+            Data::Union(ref _data) => unimplemented!("union custom validation"),
+        }
+
+        // Step 2: Generate the code!
+        // Step 2a: Generate the code for each function.
+        let mut function_code = vec![];
+        for i in 0..self.functions.len() {
+            let function = &self.functions[i];
+            let inner = match self.input.data {
+                Data::Struct(ref data) => {
+                    let derived = Derived::from(&self.input, data);
+                    self.struct_mappers[i](self, derived)?
+                }
+                Data::Enum(ref data) => {
+                    let derived = Derived::from(&self.input, data);
+                    self.enum_mappers[i](self, derived)?
+                }
+                Data::Union(ref _data) => unimplemented!("can't gen unions yet"),
+            };
+
+            function_code.push(function(self, inner));
+        }
+
+        // Step 2b: Create a couple of generics to mutate with user's input.
+        let mut generics = self.input.generics.clone();
+
+        // Step 2c: Add additional where bounds if the generator asks for it.
+        if let Some(ref type_mapper) = self.type_generic_mapper {
+            for ty in self.input.generics.type_params() {
+                let new_ty = type_mapper(self, &ty.ident, ty);
+                let clause = syn::parse2(new_ty).expect("invalid type generic mapping");
+                generics.make_where_clause().predicates.push(clause);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Step 2d: Add any generics in the trait.
+        let mut generics_for_impl_generics = generics.clone();
+        for (i, trait_param) in self.trait_impl.generics.params.iter().enumerate() {
+            // Step 2d.0: Perform a generic replacement if requested. Here,
+            // we determine if a generic (i) in the trait is going to replace a
+            // generic in the user's type (the `jth` of the right kind).
+            let replacement = self.generic_replacements.iter()
+                .filter(|r| r.0 == i)
+                .next();
+
+            if let Some((_, j)) = replacement {
+                use syn::{punctuated::Punctuated, token::Comma};
+
+                // Step 2d.1: Actually perform the replacement.
+                let replace_in = |ps: &mut Punctuated<GenericParam, Comma>| -> bool {
+                    ps.iter_mut()
+                        .filter(|param| param.kind() == trait_param.kind())
+                        .nth(*j)
+                        .map(|impl_param| *impl_param = trait_param.clone())
+                        .is_some()
+                };
+
+                // Step 2d.2: If it fails, insert a new impl generic.
+                // NOTE: It's critical that `generics` is attempted first!
+                // Otherwise, we might replace generics that don't exist in the
+                // user's type.
+                if !replace_in(&mut generics.params)
+                    || !replace_in(&mut generics_for_impl_generics.params)
+                {
+                    generics_for_impl_generics.params.insert(0, trait_param.clone());
+                }
+            } else {
+                // Step 2d.2: Otherwise, insert a new impl<..> generic.
+                generics_for_impl_generics.params.insert(0, trait_param.clone());
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Step 2e: Split the generics, but use the `impl_generics` from above.
+        let (impl_gen, _, _) = generics_for_impl_generics.split_for_impl();
+        let (_, ty_gen, where_gen) = generics.split_for_impl();
+
+        // Step 2b: Generate the complete implementation.
+        let target = &self.input.ident;
+        let trait_name = &self.trait_path;
+        Ok(quote! {
+            impl #impl_gen #trait_name for #target #ty_gen #where_gen {
+                #(#function_code)*
+            }
+        }.into())
+    }
+
+    pub fn debug(&mut self) -> &mut Self {
+        match self._to_tokens() {
+            Ok(tokens) => println!("Tokens produced: {}", tokens.to_string()),
+            Err(e) => println!("Error produced: {:?}", e)
+        }
+
+        self
+    }
+
+    pub fn to_tokens(&mut self) -> TokenStream {
+        // FIXME: Emit something like: Trait: msg.
+        self._to_tokens()
+            .unwrap_or_else(|diag| {
+                if let Some(last) = self.trait_path.segments.last() {
+                    use proc_macro::Span;
+                    use proc_macro::Level::*;
+
+                    let id = &last.value().ident;
+                    let msg = match diag.level() {
+                        Error => format!("error occurred while deriving `{}`", id),
+                        Warning => format!("warning issued by `{}` derive", id),
+                        Note => format!("note issued by `{}` derive", id),
+                        Help => format!("help provided by `{}` derive", id),
+                        _ => format!("while deriving `{}`", id)
+                    };
+
+                    diag.span_note(Span::call_site(), msg).emit();
+                }
+
+                TokenStream::new().into()
+            })
+    }
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/devise_core/src/lib.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/devise_core/src/lib.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6ef029a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/devise_core/src/lib.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+#![feature(proc_macro_diagnostic, proc_macro_span)]
+#![recursion_limit="256"]
+
+pub extern crate syn;
+pub extern crate proc_macro2;
+#[macro_use] pub extern crate quote;
+
+extern crate proc_macro;
+#[macro_use] extern crate bitflags;
+
+mod spanned;
+mod field;
+mod generator;
+mod support;
+mod derived;
+mod from_meta;
+
+pub mod ext;
+
+pub use field::*;
+pub use support::{GenericSupport, DataSupport};
+pub use generator::*;
+pub use spanned::*;
+pub use from_meta::*;
+pub use derived::*;
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/devise_core/src/spanned.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/devise_core/src/spanned.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0be3c176
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/devise_core/src/spanned.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+use proc_macro::Span;
+
+use quote::ToTokens;
+
+pub trait Spanned {
+    fn span(&self) -> Span;
+}
+
+// FIXME: Remove this once proc_macro's stabilize.
+impl<T: ToTokens> Spanned for T {
+    fn span(&self) -> Span {
+        let token_stream = self.into_token_stream();
+        let mut iter = token_stream.into_iter();
+        let mut span = match iter.next() {
+            Some(tt) => {
+                tt.span().unstable()
+            }
+            None => {
+                return Span::call_site();
+            }
+        };
+
+        for tt in iter {
+            if let Some(joined) = span.join(tt.span().unstable()) {
+                span = joined;
+            }
+        }
+
+        span
+    }
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/devise_core/src/support.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/devise_core/src/support.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..132fe2f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/devise_core/src/support.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+bitflags! {
+    pub struct GenericSupport: u32 {
+        const None     = 0b000;
+        const Type     = 0b001;
+        const Lifetime = 0b010;
+        const Const    = 0b100;
+        const All      = 0b111;
+    }
+}
+
+bitflags! {
+    pub struct DataSupport: u32 {
+        const None        = 0b0000;
+        const TupleStruct = 0b0001;
+        const NamedStruct = 0b0010;
+        const Struct      = 0b0011;
+        const Enum        = 0b0100;
+        const Union       = 0b1000;
+        const All         = 0b1111;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/Cargo.toml b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/Cargo.toml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..21eec03e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+# THIS FILE IS AUTOMATICALLY GENERATED BY CARGO
+#
+# When uploading crates to the registry Cargo will automatically
+# "normalize" Cargo.toml files for maximal compatibility
+# with all versions of Cargo and also rewrite `path` dependencies
+# to registry (e.g., crates.io) dependencies.
+#
+# If you are reading this file be aware that the original Cargo.toml
+# will likely look very different (and much more reasonable).
+# See Cargo.toml.orig for the original contents.
+
+[package]
+name = "rocket"
+version = "0.4.11"
+authors = ["Sergio Benitez <sb@sergio.bz>"]
+build = "build.rs"
+description = """
+Web framework for nightly with a focus on ease-of-use, expressibility, and speed.
+"""
+homepage = "https://rocket.rs"
+documentation = "https://api.rocket.rs/v0.4/rocket/"
+readme = "README.md"
+keywords = [
+    "rocket",
+    "web",
+    "framework",
+    "server",
+]
+categories = ["web-programming::http-server"]
+license = "MIT/Apache-2.0"
+repository = "https://github.com/SergioBenitez/Rocket"
+
+[package.metadata.docs.rs]
+all-features = true
+
+[dependencies.atty]
+version = "0.2"
+
+[dependencies.base64]
+version = "0.13"
+
+[dependencies.log]
+version = "0.4"
+
+[dependencies.memchr]
+version = "2"
+
+[dependencies.num_cpus]
+version = "1.0"
+
+[dependencies.pear]
+version = "0.1.5"
+
+[dependencies.rocket_codegen]
+version = "0.4.11"
+
+[dependencies.rocket_http]
+version = "0.4.11"
+
+[dependencies.state]
+version = "0.4.1"
+
+[dependencies.time]
+version = "0.1"
+
+[dependencies.toml]
+version = "0.4.10"
+
+[dependencies.yansi]
+version = "0.5"
+
+[build-dependencies.version_check]
+version = "0.9.1"
+
+[build-dependencies.yansi]
+version = "0.5"
+
+[features]
+default = ["private-cookies"]
+private-cookies = ["rocket_http/private-cookies"]
+sse = []
+tls = ["rocket_http/tls"]
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/README.md b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c4a5ae6a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+# Rocket
+
+[![Build Status](https://dev.azure.com/SergioBenitez/Rocket/_apis/build/status/SergioBenitez.Rocket?branchName=v0.4)](https://dev.azure.com/SergioBenitez/Rocket/_build/latest?definitionId=3&branchName=v0.4)
+[![Rocket Homepage](https://img.shields.io/badge/web-rocket.rs-red.svg?style=flat&label=https&colorB=d33847)](https://rocket.rs)
+[![Current Crates.io Version](https://img.shields.io/crates/v/rocket.svg)](https://crates.io/crates/rocket)
+[![Matrix: #rocket:mozilla.org](https://img.shields.io/badge/style-%23rocket:mozilla.org-blue.svg?style=flat&label=[m])](https://chat.mozilla.org/#/room/#rocket:mozilla.org)
+[![IRC: #rocket on chat.freenode.net](https://img.shields.io/badge/style-%23rocket-blue.svg?style=flat&label=freenode)](https://kiwiirc.com/client/chat.freenode.net/#rocket)
+
+Rocket is a web framework for Rust (nightly) with a focus on ease-of-use,
+expressibility, and speed. Here's an example of a complete Rocket application:
+
+```rust
+#![feature(proc_macro_hygiene, decl_macro)]
+
+#[macro_use] extern crate rocket;
+
+#[get("/<name>/<age>")]
+fn hello(name: String, age: u8) -> String {
+    format!("Hello, {} year old named {}!", age, name)
+}
+
+fn main() {
+    rocket::ignite().mount("/hello", routes![hello]).launch();
+}
+```
+
+Visiting `localhost:8000/hello/John/58`, for example, will trigger the `hello`
+route resulting in the string `Hello, 58 year old named John!` being sent to the
+browser. If an `<age>` string was passed in that can't be parsed as a `u8`, the
+route won't get called, resulting in a 404 error.
+
+## Documentation
+
+Rocket is extensively documented:
+
+  * [Overview]: A brief look at what makes Rocket special.
+  * [Quickstart]: How to get started as quickly as possible.
+  * [Getting Started]: How to start your first Rocket project.
+  * [Guide]: A detailed guide and reference to Rocket.
+  * [API Documentation]: The "rustdocs".
+
+[Quickstart]: https://rocket.rs/v0.4/guide/quickstart
+[Getting Started]: https://rocket.rs/v0.4/guide/getting-started
+[Overview]: https://rocket.rs/v0.4/overview
+[Guide]: https://rocket.rs/v0.4/guide
+[API Documentation]: https://api.rocket.rs/v0.4/rocket
+
+The official community support channels are [`#rocket:mozilla.org`] on Matrix
+and the bridged [`#rocket`] IRC channel on Freenode at `chat.freenode.net`. We
+recommend joining us on [Matrix via Riot]. If your prefer IRC, you can join via
+the [Kiwi IRC client] or a client of your own.
+
+[`#rocket:mozilla.org`]: https://chat.mozilla.org/#/room/#rocket:mozilla.org
+[`#rocket`]: https://kiwiirc.com/client/chat.freenode.net/#rocket
+[Matrix via Riot]: https://chat.mozilla.org/#/room/#rocket:mozilla.org
+[Kiwi IRC Client]: https://kiwiirc.com/client/chat.freenode.net/#rocket
+
+## Building
+
+### Nightly
+
+Rocket requires a nightly version of Rust as it makes heavy use of syntax
+extensions. This means that the first two unwieldly lines in the introductory
+example above are required.
+
+### Core, Codegen, and Contrib
+
+All of the Rocket libraries are managed by Cargo. As a result, compiling them is
+simple.
+
+  * Core: `cd lib && cargo build`
+  * Codegen: `cd codegen && cargo build`
+  * Contrib: `cd contrib && cargo build --all-features`
+
+### Examples
+
+Rocket ships with an extensive number of examples in the `examples/` directory
+which can be compiled and run with Cargo. For instance, the following sequence
+of commands builds and runs the `Hello, world!` example:
+
+```
+cd examples/hello_world
+cargo run
+```
+
+You should see `Hello, world!` by visiting `http://localhost:8000`.
+
+## Testing
+
+To test Rocket, simply run `./scripts/test.sh` from the root of the source tree.
+This will build and test the `core`, `codegen`, and `contrib` libraries as well
+as all of the examples. The `test.sh` script accepts no flags or either the
+`--release` flag to test in release mode or the `--contrib` flag to test all
+`contrib` modules individually. This script gets run by CI.
+
+To test a crate individually, run `cargo test --all-features` in the
+corresponding crate directory.
+
+### Core
+
+Testing for the core library is done inline in the corresponding module. For
+example, the tests for routing can be found at the bottom of the
+`lib/src/router/mod.rs` file.
+
+### Codegen
+
+Code generation tests can be found in `codegen/tests`. We use the
+[compiletest](https://crates.io/crates/compiletest_rs) library, which was
+extracted from `rustc`, for testing. See the [compiler test
+documentation](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/blob/master/src/test/COMPILER_TESTS.md)
+for information on how to write compiler tests.
+
+## Documentation
+
+You can build the Rocket API documentation locally by running
+`./scripts/mk-docs.sh`. The resulting documentation is what gets uploaded to
+[api.rocket.rs](https://api.rocket.rs/v0.4/).
+
+## Contributing
+
+Contributions are absolutely, positively welcome and encouraged! Contributions
+come in many forms. You could:
+
+  1. Submit a feature request or bug report as an [issue](https://github.com/SergioBenitez/Rocket/issues).
+  2. Ask for improved documentation as an [issue](https://github.com/SergioBenitez/Rocket/issues).
+  3. Comment on [issues that require
+     feedback](https://github.com/SergioBenitez/Rocket/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aopen+label%3A%22feedback+wanted%22).
+  4. Contribute code via [pull requests](https://github.com/SergioBenitez/Rocket/pulls).
+
+We aim to keep Rocket's code quality at the highest level. This means that any
+code you contribute must be:
+
+  * **Commented:** Public items _must_ be commented.
+  * **Documented:** Exposed items _must_ have rustdoc comments with
+    examples, if applicable.
+  * **Styled:** Your code should be `rustfmt`'d when possible.
+  * **Simple:** Your code should accomplish its task as simply and
+     idiomatically as possible.
+  * **Tested:** You must add (and pass) convincing tests for any functionality you add.
+  * **Focused:** Your code should do what it's supposed to do and nothing more.
+
+All pull requests are code reviewed and tested by the CI. Note that unless you
+explicitly state otherwise, any contribution intentionally submitted for
+inclusion in Rocket by you shall be dual licensed under the MIT License and
+Apache License, Version 2.0, without any additional terms or conditions.
+
+## License
+
+Rocket is licensed under either of the following, at your option:
+
+ * Apache License, Version 2.0, ([LICENSE-APACHE](LICENSE-APACHE) or http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0)
+ * MIT License ([LICENSE-MIT](LICENSE-MIT) or http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
+
+The Rocket website source is licensed under [separate terms](site#license).
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/benches/format-routing.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/benches/format-routing.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..105e836d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/benches/format-routing.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+#![feature(proc_macro_hygiene, decl_macro, test)]
+
+#[macro_use] extern crate rocket;
+
+use rocket::config::{Environment, Config, LoggingLevel};
+
+#[get("/", format = "application/json")]
+fn get() -> &'static str { "get" }
+
+#[post("/", format = "application/json")]
+fn post() -> &'static str { "post" }
+
+fn rocket() -> rocket::Rocket {
+    let config = Config::build(Environment::Production).log_level(LoggingLevel::Off);
+    rocket::custom(config.unwrap()).mount("/", routes![get, post])
+}
+
+mod benches {
+    extern crate test;
+
+    use super::rocket;
+    use self::test::Bencher;
+    use rocket::local::Client;
+    use rocket::http::{Accept, ContentType};
+
+    #[bench]
+    fn accept_format(b: &mut Bencher) {
+        let client = Client::new(rocket()).unwrap();
+        let mut request = client.get("/").header(Accept::JSON);
+        b.iter(|| { request.mut_dispatch(); });
+    }
+
+    #[bench]
+    fn wrong_accept_format(b: &mut Bencher) {
+        let client = Client::new(rocket()).unwrap();
+        let mut request = client.get("/").header(Accept::HTML);
+        b.iter(|| { request.mut_dispatch(); });
+    }
+
+    #[bench]
+    fn content_type_format(b: &mut Bencher) {
+        let client = Client::new(rocket()).unwrap();
+        let mut request = client.post("/").header(ContentType::JSON);
+        b.iter(|| { request.mut_dispatch(); });
+    }
+
+    #[bench]
+    fn wrong_content_type_format(b: &mut Bencher) {
+        let client = Client::new(rocket()).unwrap();
+        let mut request = client.post("/").header(ContentType::Plain);
+        b.iter(|| { request.mut_dispatch(); });
+    }
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/benches/ranked-routing.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/benches/ranked-routing.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2959f434
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/benches/ranked-routing.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+#![feature(proc_macro_hygiene, decl_macro, test)]
+
+#[macro_use] extern crate rocket;
+
+use rocket::config::{Environment, Config, LoggingLevel};
+
+#[get("/", format = "application/json")]
+fn get() -> &'static str { "json" }
+
+#[get("/", format = "text/html")]
+fn get2() -> &'static str { "html" }
+
+#[get("/", format = "text/plain")]
+fn get3() -> &'static str { "plain" }
+
+#[post("/", format = "application/json")]
+fn post() -> &'static str { "json" }
+
+#[post("/", format = "text/html")]
+fn post2() -> &'static str { "html" }
+
+#[post("/", format = "text/plain")]
+fn post3() -> &'static str { "plain" }
+
+fn rocket() -> rocket::Rocket {
+    let config = Config::build(Environment::Production).log_level(LoggingLevel::Off);
+    rocket::custom(config.unwrap())
+        .mount("/", routes![get, get2, get3])
+        .mount("/", routes![post, post2, post3])
+}
+
+mod benches {
+    extern crate test;
+
+    use super::rocket;
+    use self::test::Bencher;
+    use rocket::local::Client;
+    use rocket::http::{Accept, ContentType};
+
+    #[bench]
+    fn accept_format(b: &mut Bencher) {
+        let client = Client::new(rocket()).unwrap();
+        let mut requests = vec![];
+        requests.push(client.get("/").header(Accept::JSON));
+        requests.push(client.get("/").header(Accept::HTML));
+        requests.push(client.get("/").header(Accept::Plain));
+
+        b.iter(|| {
+            for request in requests.iter_mut() {
+                request.mut_dispatch();
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    #[bench]
+    fn content_type_format(b: &mut Bencher) {
+        let client = Client::new(rocket()).unwrap();
+        let mut requests = vec![];
+        requests.push(client.post("/").header(ContentType::JSON));
+        requests.push(client.post("/").header(ContentType::HTML));
+        requests.push(client.post("/").header(ContentType::Plain));
+
+        b.iter(|| {
+            for request in requests.iter_mut() {
+                request.mut_dispatch();
+            }
+        });
+    }
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/benches/simple-routing.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/benches/simple-routing.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a0088b20
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/benches/simple-routing.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+#![feature(proc_macro_hygiene, decl_macro, test)]
+// #![feature(alloc_system)]
+// extern crate alloc_system;
+
+#[macro_use] extern crate rocket;
+
+use rocket::config::{Environment, Config, LoggingLevel};
+use rocket::http::RawStr;
+
+#[get("/")]
+fn hello_world() -> &'static str { "Hello, world!" }
+
+#[get("/")]
+fn get_index() -> &'static str { "index" }
+
+#[put("/")]
+fn put_index() -> &'static str { "index" }
+
+#[post("/")]
+fn post_index() -> &'static str { "index" }
+
+#[get("/a")]
+fn index_a() -> &'static str { "index" }
+
+#[get("/b")]
+fn index_b() -> &'static str { "index" }
+
+#[get("/c")]
+fn index_c() -> &'static str { "index" }
+
+#[get("/<a>")]
+fn index_dyn_a(a: &RawStr) -> &'static str { "index" }
+
+fn hello_world_rocket() -> rocket::Rocket {
+    let config = Config::build(Environment::Production).log_level(LoggingLevel::Off);
+    rocket::custom(config.unwrap()).mount("/", routes![hello_world])
+}
+
+fn rocket() -> rocket::Rocket {
+    let config = Config::build(Environment::Production).log_level(LoggingLevel::Off);
+    rocket::custom(config.unwrap())
+        .mount("/", routes![get_index, put_index, post_index, index_a,
+               index_b, index_c, index_dyn_a])
+}
+
+mod benches {
+    extern crate test;
+
+    use super::{hello_world_rocket, rocket};
+    use self::test::Bencher;
+    use rocket::local::Client;
+
+    #[bench]
+    fn bench_hello_world(b: &mut Bencher) {
+        let client = Client::new(hello_world_rocket()).unwrap();
+        let mut request = client.get("/");
+
+        b.iter(|| {
+            request.mut_dispatch();
+        });
+    }
+
+    #[bench]
+    fn bench_single_get_index(b: &mut Bencher) {
+        let client = Client::new(rocket()).unwrap();
+        let mut request = client.get("/");
+
+        b.iter(|| {
+            request.mut_dispatch();
+        });
+    }
+
+    #[bench]
+    fn bench_get_put_post_index(b: &mut Bencher) {
+        let client = Client::new(rocket()).unwrap();
+
+        // Hold all of the requests we're going to make during the benchmark.
+        let mut requests = vec![];
+        requests.push(client.get("/"));
+        requests.push(client.put("/"));
+        requests.push(client.post("/"));
+
+        b.iter(|| {
+            for request in requests.iter_mut() {
+                request.mut_dispatch();
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    #[bench]
+    fn bench_dynamic(b: &mut Bencher) {
+        let client = Client::new(rocket()).unwrap();
+
+        // Hold all of the requests we're going to make during the benchmark.
+        let mut requests = vec![];
+        requests.push(client.get("/abc"));
+        requests.push(client.get("/abcdefg"));
+        requests.push(client.get("/123"));
+
+        b.iter(|| {
+            for request in requests.iter_mut() {
+                request.mut_dispatch();
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    #[bench]
+    fn bench_simple_routing(b: &mut Bencher) {
+        let client = Client::new(rocket()).unwrap();
+
+        // Hold all of the requests we're going to make during the benchmark.
+        let mut requests = vec![];
+        for route in client.rocket().routes() {
+            let request = client.req(route.method, route.uri.path());
+            requests.push(request);
+        }
+
+        // A few more for the dynamic route.
+        requests.push(client.get("/abc"));
+        requests.push(client.get("/abcdefg"));
+        requests.push(client.get("/123"));
+
+        b.iter(|| {
+            for request in requests.iter_mut() {
+                request.mut_dispatch();
+            }
+        });
+    }
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/build.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/build.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d6ead31a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/build.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+//! Ensures Rocket isn't compiled with an incompatible version of Rust.
+
+extern crate yansi;
+extern crate version_check;
+
+use yansi::{Paint, Color::{Red, Yellow, Blue}};
+
+// Specifies the minimum nightly version needed to compile Rocket.
+const MIN_DATE: &'static str = "2021-05-18";
+const MIN_VERSION: &'static str = "1.54.0-nightly";
+
+macro_rules! err {
+    ($version:expr, $date:expr, $msg:expr) => (
+        eprintln!("{} {}", Red.paint("Error:").bold(), Paint::new($msg).bold());
+        eprintln!("Installed version: {}", Yellow.paint(format!("{} ({})", $version, $date)));
+        eprintln!("Minimum required:  {}", Yellow.paint(format!("{} ({})", MIN_VERSION, MIN_DATE)));
+    )
+}
+
+fn main() {
+    if let Some((version, channel, date)) = version_check::triple() {
+        if !channel.supports_features() {
+            err!(version, date, "Rocket (core) requires a 'dev' or 'nightly' version of rustc.");
+
+            eprint!("{}", Blue.paint("See the getting started guide ("));
+            eprint!("https://rocket.rs/v0.5/guide/getting-started/");
+            eprintln!("{}", Blue.paint(") for more information."));
+
+            panic!("Aborting compilation due to incompatible compiler.")
+        }
+
+        if !version.at_least(MIN_VERSION) || !date.at_least(MIN_DATE) {
+            err!(version, date, "Rocket (core) requires a more recent version of rustc.");
+            panic!("Aborting compilation due to incompatible compiler.")
+        }
+    } else {
+        println!("cargo:warning={}", "Rocket was unable to check rustc compiler compatibility.");
+        println!("cargo:warning={}", "Build may fail due to incompatible rustc version.");
+    }
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/catcher.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/catcher.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..cd4abfd7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/catcher.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,244 @@
+use response;
+use handler::ErrorHandler;
+use codegen::StaticCatchInfo;
+use request::Request;
+
+use std::fmt;
+use yansi::Color::*;
+
+/// An error catching route.
+///
+/// Catchers are routes that run when errors occur. They correspond directly
+/// with the HTTP error status code they will be handling and are registered
+/// with Rocket via [`Rocket::register()`](::Rocket::register()). For example,
+/// to handle "404 not found" errors, a catcher for the "404" status code is
+/// registered.
+///
+/// Because error handlers are only called when all routes are exhausted, they
+/// should not fail nor forward. If an error catcher fails, the user will
+/// receive no response. If an error catcher forwards, Rocket will respond with
+/// an internal server error.
+///
+/// # Built-In Catchers
+///
+/// Rocket has many built-in, pre-registered default catchers. In particular,
+/// Rocket has catchers for all of the following status codes: 400, 401, 402,
+/// 403, 404, 405, 406, 407, 408, 409, 410, 411, 412, 413, 414, 415, 416, 417,
+/// 418, 421, 426, 428, 429, 431, 451, 500, 501, 503, and 510. As such, catchers
+/// only need to be registered if an error needs to be handled in a custom
+/// fashion.
+///
+/// # Code Generation
+///
+/// Catchers should rarely be used directly. Instead, they are typically
+/// declared using the `catch` decorator, as follows:
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// #![feature(proc_macro_hygiene, decl_macro)]
+///
+/// #[macro_use] extern crate rocket;
+///
+/// use rocket::Request;
+///
+/// #[catch(500)]
+/// fn internal_error() -> &'static str {
+///     "Whoops! Looks like we messed up."
+/// }
+///
+/// #[catch(404)]
+/// fn not_found(req: &Request) -> String {
+///     format!("I couldn't find '{}'. Try something else?", req.uri())
+/// }
+///
+/// fn main() {
+/// # if false { // We don't actually want to launch the server in an example.
+///     rocket::ignite().register(catchers![internal_error, not_found]).launch();
+/// # }
+/// }
+/// ```
+///
+/// A function decorated with `catch` must take exactly zero or one arguments.
+/// If the catcher takes an argument, it must be of type [`&Request`](Request).
+pub struct Catcher {
+    /// The HTTP status code to match against.
+    pub code: u16,
+    /// The catcher's associated handler.
+    pub handler: ErrorHandler,
+    pub(crate) is_default: bool,
+}
+
+impl Catcher {
+    /// Creates a catcher for the given status code using the given error
+    /// handler. This should only be used when routing manually.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # #![allow(unused_variables)]
+    /// use rocket::{Catcher, Request};
+    /// use rocket::response::{Result, Responder};
+    /// use rocket::response::status::Custom;
+    /// use rocket::http::Status;
+    ///
+    /// fn handle_404<'r>(req: &'r Request) -> Result<'r> {
+    ///     let res = Custom(Status::NotFound, format!("404: {}", req.uri()));
+    ///     res.respond_to(req)
+    /// }
+    ///
+    /// fn handle_500<'r>(req: &'r Request) -> Result<'r> {
+    ///     "Whoops, we messed up!".respond_to(req)
+    /// }
+    ///
+    /// let not_found_catcher = Catcher::new(404, handle_404);
+    /// let internal_server_error_catcher = Catcher::new(500, handle_500);
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn new(code: u16, handler: ErrorHandler) -> Catcher {
+        Catcher { code, handler, is_default: false }
+    }
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub(crate) fn handle<'r>(&self, req: &'r Request) -> response::Result<'r> {
+        (self.handler)(req)
+    }
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn new_default(code: u16, handler: ErrorHandler) -> Catcher {
+        Catcher { code, handler, is_default: true, }
+    }
+}
+
+#[doc(hidden)]
+impl<'a> From<&'a StaticCatchInfo> for Catcher {
+    fn from(info: &'a StaticCatchInfo) -> Catcher {
+        Catcher::new(info.code, info.handler)
+    }
+}
+
+impl fmt::Display for Catcher {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+        write!(f, "{}", Blue.paint(&self.code))
+    }
+}
+
+macro_rules! error_page_template {
+    ($code:expr, $name:expr, $description:expr) => (
+        concat!(r#"
+            <!DOCTYPE html>
+            <html lang="en">
+            <head>
+                <meta charset="utf-8">
+                <title>"#, $code, " ", $name, r#"</title>
+            </head>
+            <body align="center">
+                <div role="main" align="center">
+                    <h1>"#, $code, ": ", $name, r#"</h1>
+                    <p>"#, $description, r#"</p>
+                    <hr />
+                </div>
+                <div role="contentinfo" align="center">
+                    <small>Rocket</small>
+                </div>
+            </body>
+            </html>
+        "#
+        )
+    )
+}
+
+macro_rules! default_catchers {
+    ($($code:expr, $name:expr, $description:expr, $fn_name:ident),+) => (
+        let mut map = HashMap::new();
+
+        $(
+            fn $fn_name<'r>(req: &'r Request) -> response::Result<'r> {
+                status::Custom(Status::from_code($code).unwrap(),
+                    content::Html(error_page_template!($code, $name, $description))
+                ).respond_to(req)
+            }
+
+            map.insert($code, Catcher::new_default($code, $fn_name));
+        )+
+
+        map
+    )
+}
+
+pub mod defaults {
+    use super::Catcher;
+
+    use std::collections::HashMap;
+
+    use request::Request;
+    use response::{self, content, status, Responder};
+    use http::Status;
+
+    pub fn get() -> HashMap<u16, Catcher> {
+        default_catchers! {
+            400, "Bad Request", "The request could not be understood by the server due
+                to malformed syntax.", handle_400,
+            401, "Unauthorized", "The request requires user authentication.",
+                handle_401,
+            402, "Payment Required", "The request could not be processed due to lack of
+                payment.", handle_402,
+            403, "Forbidden", "The server refused to authorize the request.", handle_403,
+            404, "Not Found", "The requested resource could not be found.", handle_404,
+            405, "Method Not Allowed", "The request method is not supported for the
+                requested resource.", handle_405,
+            406, "Not Acceptable", "The requested resource is capable of generating
+                only content not acceptable according to the Accept headers sent in the
+                request.", handle_406,
+            407, "Proxy Authentication Required", "Authentication with the proxy is
+                required.", handle_407,
+            408, "Request Timeout", "The server timed out waiting for the
+                request.", handle_408,
+            409, "Conflict", "The request could not be processed because of a conflict
+                in the request.", handle_409,
+            410, "Gone", "The resource requested is no longer available and will not be
+                available again.", handle_410,
+            411, "Length Required", "The request did not specify the length of its
+                content, which is required by the requested resource.", handle_411,
+            412, "Precondition Failed", "The server does not meet one of the
+                preconditions specified in the request.", handle_412,
+            413, "Payload Too Large", "The request is larger than the server is
+                willing or able to process.", handle_413,
+            414, "URI Too Long", "The URI provided was too long for the server to
+                process.", handle_414,
+            415, "Unsupported Media Type", "The request entity has a media type which
+                the server or resource does not support.", handle_415,
+            416, "Range Not Satisfiable", "The portion of the requested file cannot be
+                supplied by the server.", handle_416,
+            417, "Expectation Failed", "The server cannot meet the requirements of the
+                Expect request-header field.", handle_417,
+            418, "I'm a teapot", "I was requested to brew coffee, and I am a
+                teapot.", handle_418,
+            421, "Misdirected Request", "The server cannot produce a response for this
+                request.", handle_421,
+            422, "Unprocessable Entity", "The request was well-formed but was unable to
+                be followed due to semantic errors.", handle_422,
+            426, "Upgrade Required", "Switching to the protocol in the Upgrade header
+                field is required.", handle_426,
+            428, "Precondition Required", "The server requires the request to be
+               conditional.", handle_428,
+            429, "Too Many Requests", "Too many requests have been received
+                recently.", handle_429,
+            431, "Request Header Fields Too Large", "The server is unwilling to process
+                the request because either an individual header field, or all
+                the header fields collectively, are too large.", handle_431,
+            451, "Unavailable For Legal Reasons", "The requested resource is
+                unavailable due to a legal demand to deny access to this
+                resource.", handle_451,
+            500, "Internal Server Error", "The server encountered an internal error
+                while processing this request.", handle_500,
+            501, "Not Implemented", "The server either does not recognize the request
+                method, or it lacks the ability to fulfill the request.", handle_501,
+            503, "Service Unavailable", "The server is currently unavailable.",
+                handle_503,
+            504, "Gateway Timeout", "The server did not receive a timely
+                response from an upstream server.", handle_504,
+            510, "Not Extended", "Further extensions to the request are required for
+                the server to fulfill it.", handle_510
+        }
+    }
+}
+
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/codegen.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/codegen.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a8d98f85
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/codegen.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+use {Request, Data};
+use handler::{Outcome, ErrorHandler};
+use http::{Method, MediaType};
+
+/// Type of a static handler, which users annotate with Rocket's attribute.
+pub type StaticHandler = for<'r> fn(&'r Request, Data) -> Outcome<'r>;
+
+/// Information generated by the `route` attribute during codegen.
+pub struct StaticRouteInfo {
+    /// The route's name, i.e, the name of the function.
+    pub name: &'static str,
+    /// The route's method.
+    pub method: Method,
+    /// The route's path, without the base mount point.
+    pub path: &'static str,
+    /// The route's format, if any.
+    pub format: Option<MediaType>,
+    /// The route's handler, i.e, the annotated function.
+    pub handler: StaticHandler,
+    /// The route's rank, if any.
+    pub rank: Option<isize>,
+}
+
+/// Information generated by the `catch` attribute during codegen.
+pub struct StaticCatchInfo {
+    /// The catcher's status code.
+    pub code: u16,
+    /// The catcher's handler, i.e, the annotated function.
+    pub handler: ErrorHandler,
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/config/builder.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/config/builder.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1d110ac8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/config/builder.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,447 @@
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
+
+use config::{Result, Config, Value, Environment, Limits, LoggingLevel};
+
+/// Structure following the builder pattern for building `Config` structures.
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct ConfigBuilder {
+    /// The environment that this configuration corresponds to.
+    pub environment: Environment,
+    /// The address to serve on.
+    pub address: String,
+    /// The port to serve on.
+    pub port: u16,
+    /// The number of workers to run in parallel.
+    pub workers: u16,
+    /// Keep-alive timeout in seconds or disabled if 0.
+    pub keep_alive: u32,
+    /// Number of seconds to wait without _receiving_ data before closing a
+    /// connection; disabled when `None`.
+    pub read_timeout: u32,
+    /// Number of seconds to wait without _sending_ data before closing a
+    /// connection; disabled when `None`.
+    pub write_timeout: u32,
+    /// How much information to log.
+    pub log_level: LoggingLevel,
+    /// The secret key.
+    pub secret_key: Option<String>,
+    /// TLS configuration (path to certificates file, path to private key file).
+    pub tls: Option<(String, String)>,
+    /// Size limits.
+    pub limits: Limits,
+    /// Any extra parameters that aren't part of Rocket's config.
+    pub extras: HashMap<String, Value>,
+    /// The root directory of this config, if any.
+    pub root: Option<PathBuf>,
+}
+
+impl ConfigBuilder {
+    /// Create a new `ConfigBuilder` instance using the default parameters from
+    /// the given `environment`.
+    ///
+    /// This method is typically called indirectly via [`Config::build()`].
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::config::{Config, Environment};
+    ///
+    /// let config = Config::build(Environment::Staging)
+    ///     .address("127.0.0.1")
+    ///     .port(700)
+    ///     .workers(12)
+    ///     .finalize();
+    ///
+    /// # assert!(config.is_ok());
+    /// ```
+    pub fn new(environment: Environment) -> ConfigBuilder {
+        let config = Config::new(environment);
+        ConfigBuilder {
+            environment: config.environment,
+            address: config.address,
+            port: config.port,
+            workers: config.workers,
+            keep_alive: config.keep_alive.unwrap_or(0),
+            read_timeout: config.read_timeout.unwrap_or(0),
+            write_timeout: config.write_timeout.unwrap_or(0),
+            log_level: config.log_level,
+            secret_key: None,
+            tls: None,
+            limits: config.limits,
+            extras: config.extras,
+            root: None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Sets the `address` in the configuration being built.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::config::{Config, Environment};
+    ///
+    /// let config = Config::build(Environment::Staging)
+    ///     .address("127.0.0.1")
+    ///     .unwrap();
+    ///
+    /// assert_eq!(config.address.as_str(), "127.0.0.1");
+    /// ```
+    pub fn address<A: Into<String>>(mut self, address: A) -> Self {
+        self.address = address.into();
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// Sets the `port` in the configuration being built.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::config::{Config, Environment};
+    ///
+    /// let config = Config::build(Environment::Staging)
+    ///     .port(1329)
+    ///     .unwrap();
+    ///
+    /// assert_eq!(config.port, 1329);
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn port(mut self, port: u16) -> Self {
+        self.port = port;
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// Sets `workers` in the configuration being built.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::config::{Config, Environment};
+    ///
+    /// let config = Config::build(Environment::Staging)
+    ///     .workers(64)
+    ///     .unwrap();
+    ///
+    /// assert_eq!(config.workers, 64);
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn workers(mut self, workers: u16) -> Self {
+        self.workers = workers;
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// Sets the keep-alive timeout to `timeout` seconds. If `timeout` is `0`,
+    /// keep-alive is disabled.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::config::{Config, Environment};
+    ///
+    /// let config = Config::build(Environment::Staging)
+    ///     .keep_alive(10)
+    ///     .unwrap();
+    ///
+    /// assert_eq!(config.keep_alive, Some(10));
+    ///
+    /// let config = Config::build(Environment::Staging)
+    ///     .keep_alive(0)
+    ///     .unwrap();
+    ///
+    /// assert_eq!(config.keep_alive, None);
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn keep_alive(mut self, timeout: u32) -> Self {
+        self.keep_alive = timeout;
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// Sets the read timeout to `timeout` seconds. If `timeout` is `0`,
+    /// read timeouts are disabled.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::config::{Config, Environment};
+    ///
+    /// let config = Config::build(Environment::Staging)
+    ///     .read_timeout(10)
+    ///     .unwrap();
+    ///
+    /// assert_eq!(config.read_timeout, Some(10));
+    ///
+    /// let config = Config::build(Environment::Staging)
+    ///     .read_timeout(0)
+    ///     .unwrap();
+    ///
+    /// assert_eq!(config.read_timeout, None);
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn read_timeout(mut self, timeout: u32) -> Self {
+        self.read_timeout = timeout;
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// Sets the write timeout to `timeout` seconds. If `timeout` is `0`,
+    /// write timeouts are disabled.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::config::{Config, Environment};
+    ///
+    /// let config = Config::build(Environment::Staging)
+    ///     .write_timeout(10)
+    ///     .unwrap();
+    ///
+    /// assert_eq!(config.write_timeout, Some(10));
+    ///
+    /// let config = Config::build(Environment::Staging)
+    ///     .write_timeout(0)
+    ///     .unwrap();
+    ///
+    /// assert_eq!(config.write_timeout, None);
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn write_timeout(mut self, timeout: u32) -> Self {
+        self.write_timeout = timeout;
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// Sets the `log_level` in the configuration being built.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::config::{Config, Environment, LoggingLevel};
+    ///
+    /// let config = Config::build(Environment::Staging)
+    ///     .log_level(LoggingLevel::Critical)
+    ///     .unwrap();
+    ///
+    /// assert_eq!(config.log_level, LoggingLevel::Critical);
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn log_level(mut self, log_level: LoggingLevel) -> Self {
+        self.log_level = log_level;
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// Sets the `secret_key` in the configuration being built.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::config::{Config, Environment, LoggingLevel};
+    ///
+    /// let key = "8Xui8SN4mI+7egV/9dlfYYLGQJeEx4+DwmSQLwDVXJg=";
+    /// let mut config = Config::build(Environment::Staging)
+    ///     .secret_key(key)
+    ///     .unwrap();
+    /// ```
+    pub fn secret_key<K: Into<String>>(mut self, key: K) -> Self {
+        self.secret_key = Some(key.into());
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// Sets the `limits` in the configuration being built.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::config::{Config, Environment, Limits};
+    ///
+    /// let mut config = Config::build(Environment::Staging)
+    ///     .limits(Limits::new().limit("json", 5 * (1 << 20)))
+    ///     .unwrap();
+    /// ```
+    pub fn limits(mut self, limits: Limits) -> Self {
+        self.limits = limits;
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// Sets the TLS configuration in the configuration being built.
+    ///
+    /// Certificates are read from `certs_path`. The certificate chain must be
+    /// in X.509 PEM format. The private key is read from `key_path`. The
+    /// private key must be an RSA key in either PKCS#1 or PKCS#8 PEM format.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::config::{Config, Environment};
+    ///
+    /// let mut config = Config::build(Environment::Staging)
+    ///     .tls("/path/to/certs.pem", "/path/to/key.pem")
+    /// # ; /*
+    ///     .unwrap();
+    /// # */
+    /// ```
+    pub fn tls<C, K>(mut self, certs_path: C, key_path: K) -> Self
+        where C: Into<String>, K: Into<String>
+    {
+        self.tls = Some((certs_path.into(), key_path.into()));
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// Sets the `environment` in the configuration being built.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::config::{Config, Environment};
+    ///
+    /// let config = Config::build(Environment::Staging)
+    ///     .environment(Environment::Production)
+    ///     .unwrap();
+    ///
+    /// assert_eq!(config.environment, Environment::Production);
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn environment(mut self, env: Environment) -> Self {
+        self.environment = env;
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// Sets the `root` in the configuration being built.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # use std::path::Path;
+    /// use rocket::config::{Config, Environment};
+    ///
+    /// let config = Config::build(Environment::Staging)
+    ///     .root("/my_app/dir")
+    ///     .unwrap();
+    ///
+    /// assert_eq!(config.root().unwrap(), Path::new("/my_app/dir"));
+    /// ```
+    pub fn root<P: AsRef<Path>>(mut self, path: P) -> Self {
+        self.root = Some(path.as_ref().to_path_buf());
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// Adds an extra configuration parameter with `name` and `value` to the
+    /// configuration being built. The value can be any type that implements
+    /// `Into<Value>` including `&str`, `String`, `Vec<V: Into<Value>>`,
+    /// `HashMap<S: Into<String>, V: Into<Value>>`, and most integer and float
+    /// types.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::config::{Config, Environment};
+    ///
+    /// let config = Config::build(Environment::Staging)
+    ///     .extra("pi", 3.14)
+    ///     .extra("custom_dir", "/a/b/c")
+    ///     .unwrap();
+    ///
+    /// assert_eq!(config.get_float("pi"), Ok(3.14));
+    /// assert_eq!(config.get_str("custom_dir"), Ok("/a/b/c"));
+    /// ```
+    pub fn extra<V: Into<Value>>(mut self, name: &str, value: V) -> Self {
+        self.extras.insert(name.into(), value.into());
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// Return the `Config` structure that was being built by this builder.
+    ///
+    /// # Errors
+    ///
+    /// If the address or secret key fail to parse, returns a `BadType` error.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::config::{Config, Environment};
+    ///
+    /// let config = Config::build(Environment::Staging)
+    ///     .address("127.0.0.1")
+    ///     .port(700)
+    ///     .workers(12)
+    ///     .keep_alive(0)
+    ///     .finalize();
+    ///
+    /// assert!(config.is_ok());
+    ///
+    /// let config = Config::build(Environment::Staging)
+    ///     .address("123.123.123.123.123 whoops!")
+    ///     .finalize();
+    ///
+    /// assert!(config.is_err());
+    /// ```
+    pub fn finalize(self) -> Result<Config> {
+        let mut config = Config::new(self.environment);
+        config.set_address(self.address)?;
+        config.set_port(self.port);
+        config.set_workers(self.workers);
+        config.set_keep_alive(self.keep_alive);
+        config.set_read_timeout(self.read_timeout);
+        config.set_write_timeout(self.write_timeout);
+        config.set_log_level(self.log_level);
+        config.set_extras(self.extras);
+        config.set_limits(self.limits);
+
+        if let Some(root) = self.root {
+            config.set_root(root);
+        }
+
+        if let Some((certs_path, key_path)) = self.tls {
+            config.set_tls(&certs_path, &key_path)?;
+        }
+
+        if let Some(key) = self.secret_key {
+            config.set_secret_key(key)?;
+        }
+
+        Ok(config)
+    }
+
+    /// Return the `Config` structure that was being built by this builder.
+    ///
+    /// # Panics
+    ///
+    /// Panics if the supplied address, secret key, or TLS configuration fail to
+    /// parse.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::config::{Config, Environment};
+    ///
+    /// let config = Config::build(Environment::Staging)
+    ///     .address("127.0.0.1")
+    ///     .unwrap();
+    ///
+    /// assert_eq!(config.address.as_str(), "127.0.0.1");
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn unwrap(self) -> Config {
+        self.finalize().expect("ConfigBuilder::unwrap() failed")
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the `Config` structure that was being built by this builder.
+    ///
+    /// # Panics
+    ///
+    /// Panics if the supplied address, secret key, or TLS configuration fail to
+    /// parse. If a panic occurs, the error message `msg` is printed.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::config::{Config, Environment};
+    ///
+    /// let config = Config::build(Environment::Staging)
+    ///     .address("127.0.0.1")
+    ///     .expect("the configuration is bad!");
+    ///
+    /// assert_eq!(config.address.as_str(), "127.0.0.1");
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn expect(self, msg: &str) -> Config {
+        self.finalize().expect(msg)
+    }
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/config/config.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/config/config.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4a5a6efb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/config/config.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,1014 @@
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::net::ToSocketAddrs;
+use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
+use std::convert::AsRef;
+use std::fmt;
+
+use super::custom_values::*;
+use {num_cpus, base64};
+use config::Environment::*;
+use config::{Result, ConfigBuilder, Environment, ConfigError, LoggingLevel};
+use config::{Table, Value, Array, Datetime};
+
+use http::private::Key;
+
+/// Structure for Rocket application configuration.
+///
+/// # Usage
+///
+/// A `Config` structure is typically built using [`Config::build()`] and
+/// builder methods on the returned [`ConfigBuilder`] structure:
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// use rocket::config::{Config, Environment};
+///
+/// # #[allow(unused_variables)]
+/// let config = Config::build(Environment::Staging)
+///     .address("127.0.0.1")
+///     .port(700)
+///     .workers(12)
+///     .unwrap();
+/// ```
+///
+/// ## General Configuration
+///
+/// For more information about Rocket's configuration, see the
+/// [`config`](::config) module documentation.
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct Config {
+    /// The environment that this configuration corresponds to.
+    pub environment: Environment,
+    /// The address to serve on.
+    pub address: String,
+    /// The port to serve on.
+    pub port: u16,
+    /// The number of workers to run concurrently.
+    pub workers: u16,
+    /// Keep-alive timeout in seconds or None if disabled.
+    pub keep_alive: Option<u32>,
+    /// Number of seconds to wait without _receiving_ data before closing a
+    /// connection; disabled when `None`.
+    pub read_timeout: Option<u32>,
+    /// Number of seconds to wait without _sending_ data before closing a
+    /// connection; disabled when `None`.
+    pub write_timeout: Option<u32>,
+    /// How much information to log.
+    pub log_level: LoggingLevel,
+    /// The secret key.
+    pub(crate) secret_key: SecretKey,
+    /// TLS configuration.
+    pub(crate) tls: Option<TlsConfig>,
+    /// Streaming read size limits.
+    pub limits: Limits,
+    /// Extra parameters that aren't part of Rocket's core config.
+    pub extras: HashMap<String, Value>,
+    /// The path to the configuration file this config was loaded from, if any.
+    pub(crate) config_file_path: Option<PathBuf>,
+    /// The path root-relative files will be rooted from.
+    pub(crate) root_path: Option<PathBuf>,
+}
+
+macro_rules! config_from_raw {
+    ($config:expr, $name:expr, $value:expr,
+        $($key:ident => ($type:ident, $set:ident, $map:expr),)+ | _ => $rest:expr) => (
+        match $name {
+            $(stringify!($key) => {
+                super::custom_values::$type($config, $name, $value)
+                    .and_then(|parsed| $map($config.$set(parsed)))
+            })+
+            _ => $rest
+        }
+    )
+}
+
+impl Config {
+    /// Returns a builder for `Config` structure where the default parameters
+    /// are set to those of `env`.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::config::{Config, Environment};
+    ///
+    /// # #[allow(unused_variables)]
+    /// let config = Config::build(Environment::Staging)
+    ///     .address("127.0.0.1")
+    ///     .port(700)
+    ///     .workers(12)
+    ///     .unwrap();
+    /// ```
+    pub fn build(env: Environment) -> ConfigBuilder {
+        ConfigBuilder::new(env)
+    }
+
+    /// Returns a `Config` with the default parameters for the environment
+    /// `env`. See [`config`](::config) for a list of defaults.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::config::{Config, Environment};
+    ///
+    /// let mut my_config = Config::new(Environment::Production);
+    /// my_config.set_port(1001);
+    /// ```
+    pub fn new(env: Environment) -> Config {
+        Config::default(env)
+    }
+
+    /// Returns a `Config` with the default parameters of the active environment
+    /// as determined by the `ROCKET_ENV` environment variable.
+    ///
+    /// If `ROCKET_ENV` is not set, the returned `Config` uses development
+    /// environment parameters when the application was compiled in `debug` mode
+    /// and production environment parameters when the application was compiled
+    /// in `release` mode.
+    ///
+    /// This is equivalent to `Config::new(Environment::active()?)`.
+    ///
+    /// # Errors
+    ///
+    /// Returns a `BadEnv` error if `ROCKET_ENV` is set and contains an invalid
+    /// or unknown environment name.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::config::Config;
+    ///
+    /// let mut my_config = Config::active().unwrap();
+    /// my_config.set_port(1001);
+    /// ```
+    pub fn active() -> Result<Config> {
+        Ok(Config::new(Environment::active()?))
+    }
+
+    /// Returns a `Config` with the default parameters of the development
+    /// environment. See [`config`](::config) for a list of defaults.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::config::{Config, Environment};
+    ///
+    /// let mut my_config = Config::development();
+    /// my_config.set_port(1001);
+    /// ```
+    pub fn development() -> Config {
+        Config::new(Environment::Development)
+    }
+
+    /// Returns a `Config` with the default parameters of the staging
+    /// environment. See [`config`](::config) for a list of defaults.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::config::{Config, Environment};
+    ///
+    /// let mut my_config = Config::staging();
+    /// my_config.set_port(1001);
+    /// ```
+    pub fn staging() -> Config {
+        Config::new(Environment::Staging)
+    }
+
+    /// Returns a `Config` with the default parameters of the production
+    /// environment. See [`config`](::config) for a list of defaults.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::config::{Config, Environment};
+    ///
+    /// let mut my_config = Config::production();
+    /// my_config.set_port(1001);
+    /// ```
+    pub fn production() -> Config {
+        Config::new(Environment::Production)
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the default configuration for the environment `env` given that
+    /// the configuration was stored at `config_file_path`.
+    ///
+    /// # Error
+    ///
+    /// Return a `BadFilePath` error if `path` does not have a parent.
+    ///
+    /// # Panics
+    ///
+    /// Panics if randomness cannot be retrieved from the OS.
+    pub(crate) fn default_from<P>(env: Environment, path: P) -> Result<Config>
+        where P: AsRef<Path>
+    {
+        let mut config = Config::default(env);
+
+        let config_file_path = path.as_ref().to_path_buf();
+        if let Some(parent) = config_file_path.parent() {
+            config.set_root(parent);
+        } else {
+            let msg = "Configuration files must be rooted in a directory.";
+            return Err(ConfigError::BadFilePath(config_file_path.clone(), msg));
+        }
+
+        config.config_file_path = Some(config_file_path);
+        Ok(config)
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the default configuration for the environment `env`.
+    ///
+    /// # Panics
+    ///
+    /// Panics if randomness cannot be retrieved from the OS.
+    pub(crate) fn default(env: Environment) -> Config {
+        // Note: This may truncate if num_cpus::get() / 2 > u16::max. That's okay.
+        let default_workers = (num_cpus::get() * 2) as u16;
+
+        // Use a generated secret key by default.
+        let key = SecretKey::Generated(Key::generate());
+
+        match env {
+            Development => {
+                Config {
+                    environment: Development,
+                    address: "localhost".to_string(),
+                    port: 8000,
+                    workers: default_workers,
+                    keep_alive: Some(5),
+                    read_timeout: Some(5),
+                    write_timeout: Some(5),
+                    log_level: LoggingLevel::Normal,
+                    secret_key: key,
+                    tls: None,
+                    limits: Limits::default(),
+                    extras: HashMap::new(),
+                    config_file_path: None,
+                    root_path: None,
+                }
+            }
+            Staging => {
+                Config {
+                    environment: Staging,
+                    address: "0.0.0.0".to_string(),
+                    port: 8000,
+                    workers: default_workers,
+                    keep_alive: Some(5),
+                    read_timeout: Some(5),
+                    write_timeout: Some(5),
+                    log_level: LoggingLevel::Normal,
+                    secret_key: key,
+                    tls: None,
+                    limits: Limits::default(),
+                    extras: HashMap::new(),
+                    config_file_path: None,
+                    root_path: None,
+                }
+            }
+            Production => {
+                Config {
+                    environment: Production,
+                    address: "0.0.0.0".to_string(),
+                    port: 8000,
+                    workers: default_workers,
+                    keep_alive: Some(5),
+                    read_timeout: Some(5),
+                    write_timeout: Some(5),
+                    log_level: LoggingLevel::Critical,
+                    secret_key: key,
+                    tls: None,
+                    limits: Limits::default(),
+                    extras: HashMap::new(),
+                    config_file_path: None,
+                    root_path: None,
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Constructs a `BadType` error given the entry `name`, the invalid `val`
+    /// at that entry, and the `expect`ed type name.
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub(crate) fn bad_type(&self,
+                           name: &str,
+                           actual: &'static str,
+                           expect: &'static str) -> ConfigError {
+        let id = format!("{}.{}", self.environment, name);
+        ConfigError::BadType(id, expect, actual, self.config_file_path.clone())
+    }
+
+    /// Sets the configuration `val` for the `name` entry. If the `name` is one
+    /// of "address", "port", "secret_key", "log", or "workers" (the "default"
+    /// values), the appropriate value in the `self` Config structure is set.
+    /// Otherwise, the value is stored as an `extra`.
+    ///
+    /// For each of the default values, the following `Value` variant is
+    /// expected. If a different variant is supplied, a `BadType` `Err` is
+    /// returned:
+    ///
+    ///   * **address**: String
+    ///   * **port**: Integer (16-bit unsigned)
+    ///   * **workers**: Integer (16-bit unsigned)
+    ///   * **keep_alive**: Integer
+    ///   * **log**: String
+    ///   * **secret_key**: String (256-bit base64)
+    ///   * **tls**: Table (`certs` (path as String), `key` (path as String))
+    pub(crate) fn set_raw(&mut self, name: &str, val: &Value) -> Result<()> {
+        let (id, ok) = (|val| val, |_| Ok(()));
+        config_from_raw!(self, name, val,
+            address => (str, set_address, id),
+            port => (u16, set_port, ok),
+            workers => (u16, set_workers, ok),
+            keep_alive => (u32, set_keep_alive, ok),
+            read_timeout => (u32, set_read_timeout, ok),
+            write_timeout => (u32, set_write_timeout, ok),
+            log => (log_level, set_log_level, ok),
+            secret_key => (str, set_secret_key, id),
+            tls => (tls_config, set_raw_tls, id),
+            limits => (limits, set_limits, ok),
+            | _ => {
+                self.extras.insert(name.into(), val.clone());
+                Ok(())
+            }
+        )
+    }
+
+    /// Sets the root directory of this configuration to `root`.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # use std::path::Path;
+    /// use rocket::config::{Config, Environment};
+    ///
+    /// let mut config = Config::new(Environment::Staging);
+    /// config.set_root("/var/my_app");
+    ///
+    /// # #[cfg(not(windows))]
+    /// assert_eq!(config.root().unwrap(), Path::new("/var/my_app"));
+    /// ```
+    pub fn set_root<P: AsRef<Path>>(&mut self, path: P) {
+        self.root_path = Some(path.as_ref().into());
+    }
+
+    /// Sets the address of `self` to `address`.
+    ///
+    /// # Errors
+    ///
+    /// If `address` is not a valid IP address or hostname, returns a `BadType`
+    /// error.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::config::{Config, Environment};
+    ///
+    /// let mut config = Config::new(Environment::Staging);
+    /// assert!(config.set_address("localhost").is_ok());
+    /// assert!(config.set_address("::").is_ok());
+    /// assert!(config.set_address("?").is_err());
+    /// ```
+    pub fn set_address<A: Into<String>>(&mut self, address: A) -> Result<()> {
+        let address = address.into();
+        if (&*address, 0u16).to_socket_addrs().is_err() {
+            return Err(self.bad_type("address", "string", "a valid hostname or IP"));
+        }
+
+        self.address = address;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Sets the `port` of `self` to `port`.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::config::{Config, Environment};
+    ///
+    /// let mut config = Config::new(Environment::Staging);
+    /// config.set_port(1024);
+    /// assert_eq!(config.port, 1024);
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn set_port(&mut self, port: u16) {
+        self.port = port;
+    }
+
+    /// Sets the number of `workers` in `self` to `workers`.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::config::{Config, Environment};
+    ///
+    /// let mut config = Config::new(Environment::Staging);
+    /// config.set_workers(64);
+    /// assert_eq!(config.workers, 64);
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn set_workers(&mut self, workers: u16) {
+        self.workers = workers;
+    }
+
+    /// Sets the keep-alive timeout to `timeout` seconds. If `timeout` is `0`,
+    /// keep-alive is disabled.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::config::Config;
+    ///
+    /// let mut config = Config::development();
+    ///
+    /// // Set keep-alive timeout to 10 seconds.
+    /// config.set_keep_alive(10);
+    /// assert_eq!(config.keep_alive, Some(10));
+    ///
+    /// // Disable keep-alive.
+    /// config.set_keep_alive(0);
+    /// assert_eq!(config.keep_alive, None);
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn set_keep_alive(&mut self, timeout: u32) {
+        if timeout == 0 {
+            self.keep_alive = None;
+        } else {
+            self.keep_alive = Some(timeout);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Sets the read timeout to `timeout` seconds. If `timeout` is `0`, read
+    /// timeouts are disabled.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::config::Config;
+    ///
+    /// let mut config = Config::development();
+    ///
+    /// // Set read timeout to 10 seconds.
+    /// config.set_read_timeout(10);
+    /// assert_eq!(config.read_timeout, Some(10));
+    ///
+    /// // Disable read timeouts.
+    /// config.set_read_timeout(0);
+    /// assert_eq!(config.read_timeout, None);
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn set_read_timeout(&mut self, timeout: u32) {
+        if timeout == 0 {
+            self.read_timeout = None;
+        } else {
+            self.read_timeout = Some(timeout);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Sets the write timeout to `timeout` seconds. If `timeout` is `0`, write
+    /// timeouts are disabled.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::config::Config;
+    ///
+    /// let mut config = Config::development();
+    ///
+    /// // Set write timeout to 10 seconds.
+    /// config.set_write_timeout(10);
+    /// assert_eq!(config.write_timeout, Some(10));
+    ///
+    /// // Disable write timeouts.
+    /// config.set_write_timeout(0);
+    /// assert_eq!(config.write_timeout, None);
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn set_write_timeout(&mut self, timeout: u32) {
+        if timeout == 0 {
+            self.write_timeout = None;
+        } else {
+            self.write_timeout = Some(timeout);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Sets the `secret_key` in `self` to `key` which must be a 256-bit base64
+    /// encoded string.
+    ///
+    /// # Errors
+    ///
+    /// If `key` is not a valid 256-bit base64 encoded string, returns a
+    /// `BadType` error.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::config::{Config, Environment};
+    ///
+    /// let mut config = Config::new(Environment::Staging);
+    /// let key = "8Xui8SN4mI+7egV/9dlfYYLGQJeEx4+DwmSQLwDVXJg=";
+    /// assert!(config.set_secret_key(key).is_ok());
+    /// assert!(config.set_secret_key("hello? anyone there?").is_err());
+    /// ```
+    pub fn set_secret_key<K: Into<String>>(&mut self, key: K) -> Result<()> {
+        let key = key.into();
+        let error = self.bad_type("secret_key", "string",
+                                  "a 256-bit base64 encoded string");
+
+        if key.len() != 44 {
+            return Err(error);
+        }
+
+        let bytes = match base64::decode(&key) {
+            Ok(bytes) => bytes,
+            Err(_) => return Err(error)
+        };
+
+        self.secret_key = SecretKey::Provided(Key::from_master(&bytes));
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Sets the logging level for `self` to `log_level`.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::config::{Config, LoggingLevel, Environment};
+    ///
+    /// let mut config = Config::new(Environment::Staging);
+    /// config.set_log_level(LoggingLevel::Critical);
+    /// assert_eq!(config.log_level, LoggingLevel::Critical);
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn set_log_level(&mut self, log_level: LoggingLevel) {
+        self.log_level = log_level;
+    }
+
+    /// Sets the receive limits in `self` to `limits`.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::config::{Config, Limits};
+    ///
+    /// let mut config = Config::development();
+    /// config.set_limits(Limits::default().limit("json", 4 * (1 << 20)));
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn set_limits(&mut self, limits: Limits) {
+        self.limits = limits;
+    }
+
+    /// Sets the TLS configuration in `self`.
+    ///
+    /// Certificates are read from `certs_path`. The certificate chain must be
+    /// in X.509 PEM format. The private key is read from `key_path`. The
+    /// private key must be an RSA key in either PKCS#1 or PKCS#8 PEM format.
+    ///
+    /// # Errors
+    ///
+    /// If reading either the certificates or private key fails, an error of
+    /// variant `Io` is returned. If either the certificates or private key
+    /// files are malformed or cannot be parsed, an error of `BadType` is
+    /// returned.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::config::Config;
+    ///
+    /// # use rocket::config::ConfigError;
+    /// # fn config_test() -> Result<(), ConfigError> {
+    /// let mut config = Config::development();
+    /// config.set_tls("/etc/ssl/my_certs.pem", "/etc/ssl/priv.key")?;
+    /// # Ok(())
+    /// # }
+    /// ```
+    #[cfg(feature = "tls")]
+    pub fn set_tls(&mut self, certs_path: &str, key_path: &str) -> Result<()> {
+        use http::tls::util::{self, Error};
+
+        let pem_err = "malformed PEM file";
+
+        // Load the certificates.
+        let certs = util::load_certs(self.root_relative(certs_path))
+            .map_err(|e| match e {
+                Error::Io(e) => ConfigError::Io(e, "tls.certs"),
+                _ => self.bad_type("tls", pem_err, "a valid certificates file")
+            })?;
+
+        // And now the private key.
+        let key = util::load_private_key(self.root_relative(key_path))
+            .map_err(|e| match e {
+                Error::Io(e) => ConfigError::Io(e, "tls.key"),
+                _ => self.bad_type("tls", pem_err, "a valid private key file")
+            })?;
+
+        self.tls = Some(TlsConfig { certs, key });
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[doc(hidden)]
+    #[cfg(not(feature = "tls"))]
+    pub fn set_tls(&mut self, _: &str, _: &str) -> Result<()> {
+        self.tls = Some(TlsConfig);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn set_raw_tls(&mut self, _paths: (&str, &str)) -> Result<()> {
+        #[cfg(not(test))]
+        { self.set_tls(_paths.0, _paths.1) }
+
+        // During unit testing, we don't want to actually read certs/keys.
+        #[cfg(test)]
+        { Ok(()) }
+    }
+
+    /// Sets the extras for `self` to be the key/value pairs in `extras`.
+    /// encoded string.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use std::collections::HashMap;
+    /// use rocket::config::{Config, Environment};
+    ///
+    /// let mut config = Config::new(Environment::Staging);
+    ///
+    /// // Create the `extras` map.
+    /// let mut extras = HashMap::new();
+    /// extras.insert("another_port".to_string(), 1044.into());
+    /// extras.insert("templates".to_string(), "my_dir".into());
+    ///
+    /// config.set_extras(extras);
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn set_extras(&mut self, extras: HashMap<String, Value>) {
+        self.extras = extras;
+    }
+
+    /// Returns an iterator over the names and values of all of the extras in
+    /// `self`.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use std::collections::HashMap;
+    /// use rocket::config::{Config, Environment};
+    ///
+    /// let mut config = Config::new(Environment::Staging);
+    /// assert_eq!(config.extras().count(), 0);
+    ///
+    /// // Add a couple of extras to the config.
+    /// let mut extras = HashMap::new();
+    /// extras.insert("another_port".to_string(), 1044.into());
+    /// extras.insert("templates".to_string(), "my_dir".into());
+    /// config.set_extras(extras);
+    ///
+    /// assert_eq!(config.extras().count(), 2);
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn extras<'a>(&'a self) -> impl Iterator<Item=(&'a str, &'a Value)> {
+        self.extras.iter().map(|(k, v)| (k.as_str(), v))
+    }
+
+    /// Returns `true` if TLS is enabled.
+    ///
+    /// Always returns `false` if the `tls` compilation feature is not enabled.
+    pub fn tls_enabled(&self) -> bool {
+        if cfg!(feature = "tls") {
+            self.tls.is_some()
+        } else {
+            false
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Retrieves the secret key from `self`.
+    #[inline]
+    pub(crate) fn secret_key(&self) -> &Key {
+        self.secret_key.inner()
+    }
+
+    /// Attempts to retrieve the extra named `name` as a raw value.
+    ///
+    /// # Errors
+    ///
+    /// If an extra with `name` doesn't exist, returns an `Err` of `Missing`.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::config::{Config, Environment, Value};
+    ///
+    /// let config = Config::build(Environment::Staging)
+    ///     .extra("name", "value")
+    ///     .unwrap();
+    ///
+    /// assert_eq!(config.get_extra("name"), Ok(&Value::String("value".into())));
+    /// assert!(config.get_extra("other").is_err());
+    /// ```
+    pub fn get_extra<'a>(&'a self, name: &str) -> Result<&'a Value> {
+        self.extras.get(name).ok_or_else(|| ConfigError::Missing(name.into()))
+    }
+
+    /// Attempts to retrieve the extra named `name` as a borrowed string.
+    ///
+    /// # Errors
+    ///
+    /// If an extra with `name` doesn't exist, returns an `Err` of `Missing`.
+    /// If an extra with `name` _does_ exist but is not a string, returns a
+    /// `BadType` error.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::config::{Config, Environment};
+    ///
+    /// let config = Config::build(Environment::Staging)
+    ///     .extra("my_extra", "extra_value")
+    ///     .unwrap();
+    ///
+    /// assert_eq!(config.get_str("my_extra"), Ok("extra_value"));
+    /// ```
+    pub fn get_str<'a>(&'a self, name: &str) -> Result<&'a str> {
+        let val = self.get_extra(name)?;
+        val.as_str().ok_or_else(|| self.bad_type(name, val.type_str(), "a string"))
+    }
+
+    /// Attempts to retrieve the extra named `name` as an owned string.
+    ///
+    /// # Errors
+    ///
+    /// If an extra with `name` doesn't exist, returns an `Err` of `Missing`.
+    /// If an extra with `name` _does_ exist but is not a string, returns a
+    /// `BadType` error.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::config::{Config, Environment};
+    ///
+    /// let config = Config::build(Environment::Staging)
+    ///     .extra("my_extra", "extra_value")
+    ///     .unwrap();
+    ///
+    /// assert_eq!(config.get_string("my_extra"), Ok("extra_value".to_string()));
+    /// ```
+    pub fn get_string(&self, name: &str) -> Result<String> {
+        self.get_str(name).map(|s| s.to_string())
+    }
+
+    /// Attempts to retrieve the extra named `name` as an integer.
+    ///
+    /// # Errors
+    ///
+    /// If an extra with `name` doesn't exist, returns an `Err` of `Missing`.
+    /// If an extra with `name` _does_ exist but is not an integer, returns a
+    /// `BadType` error.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::config::{Config, Environment};
+    ///
+    /// let config = Config::build(Environment::Staging)
+    ///     .extra("my_extra", 1025)
+    ///     .unwrap();
+    ///
+    /// assert_eq!(config.get_int("my_extra"), Ok(1025));
+    /// ```
+    pub fn get_int(&self, name: &str) -> Result<i64> {
+        let val = self.get_extra(name)?;
+        val.as_integer().ok_or_else(|| self.bad_type(name, val.type_str(), "an integer"))
+    }
+
+    /// Attempts to retrieve the extra named `name` as a boolean.
+    ///
+    /// # Errors
+    ///
+    /// If an extra with `name` doesn't exist, returns an `Err` of `Missing`.
+    /// If an extra with `name` _does_ exist but is not a boolean, returns a
+    /// `BadType` error.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::config::{Config, Environment};
+    ///
+    /// let config = Config::build(Environment::Staging)
+    ///     .extra("my_extra", true)
+    ///     .unwrap();
+    ///
+    /// assert_eq!(config.get_bool("my_extra"), Ok(true));
+    /// ```
+    pub fn get_bool(&self, name: &str) -> Result<bool> {
+        let val = self.get_extra(name)?;
+        val.as_bool().ok_or_else(|| self.bad_type(name, val.type_str(), "a boolean"))
+    }
+
+    /// Attempts to retrieve the extra named `name` as a float.
+    ///
+    /// # Errors
+    ///
+    /// If an extra with `name` doesn't exist, returns an `Err` of `Missing`.
+    /// If an extra with `name` _does_ exist but is not a float, returns a
+    /// `BadType` error.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::config::{Config, Environment};
+    ///
+    /// let config = Config::build(Environment::Staging)
+    ///     .extra("pi", 3.14159)
+    ///     .unwrap();
+    ///
+    /// assert_eq!(config.get_float("pi"), Ok(3.14159));
+    /// ```
+    pub fn get_float(&self, name: &str) -> Result<f64> {
+        let val = self.get_extra(name)?;
+        val.as_float().ok_or_else(|| self.bad_type(name, val.type_str(), "a float"))
+    }
+
+    /// Attempts to retrieve the extra named `name` as a slice of an array.
+    ///
+    /// # Errors
+    ///
+    /// If an extra with `name` doesn't exist, returns an `Err` of `Missing`.
+    /// If an extra with `name` _does_ exist but is not an array, returns a
+    /// `BadType` error.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::config::{Config, Environment};
+    ///
+    /// let config = Config::build(Environment::Staging)
+    ///     .extra("numbers", vec![1, 2, 3])
+    ///     .unwrap();
+    ///
+    /// assert!(config.get_slice("numbers").is_ok());
+    /// ```
+    pub fn get_slice(&self, name: &str) -> Result<&Array> {
+        let val = self.get_extra(name)?;
+        val.as_array().ok_or_else(|| self.bad_type(name, val.type_str(), "an array"))
+    }
+
+    /// Attempts to retrieve the extra named `name` as a table.
+    ///
+    /// # Errors
+    ///
+    /// If an extra with `name` doesn't exist, returns an `Err` of `Missing`.
+    /// If an extra with `name` _does_ exist but is not a table, returns a
+    /// `BadType` error.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use std::collections::BTreeMap;
+    /// use rocket::config::{Config, Environment};
+    ///
+    /// let mut table = BTreeMap::new();
+    /// table.insert("my_value".to_string(), 1);
+    ///
+    /// let config = Config::build(Environment::Staging)
+    ///     .extra("my_table", table)
+    ///     .unwrap();
+    ///
+    /// assert!(config.get_table("my_table").is_ok());
+    /// ```
+    pub fn get_table(&self, name: &str) -> Result<&Table> {
+        let val = self.get_extra(name)?;
+        val.as_table().ok_or_else(|| self.bad_type(name, val.type_str(), "a table"))
+    }
+
+    /// Attempts to retrieve the extra named `name` as a datetime value.
+    ///
+    /// # Errors
+    ///
+    /// If an extra with `name` doesn't exist, returns an `Err` of `Missing`.
+    /// If an extra with `name` _does_ exist but is not a datetime, returns a
+    /// `BadType` error.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::config::{Config, Environment, Value, Datetime};
+    ///
+    /// let date = "1979-05-27T00:32:00-07:00".parse::<Datetime>().unwrap();
+    ///
+    /// let config = Config::build(Environment::Staging)
+    ///     .extra("my_date", Value::Datetime(date.clone()))
+    ///     .unwrap();
+    ///
+    /// assert_eq!(config.get_datetime("my_date"), Ok(&date));
+    /// ```
+    pub fn get_datetime(&self, name: &str) -> Result<&Datetime> {
+        let val = self.get_extra(name)?;
+        val.as_datetime()
+            .ok_or_else(|| self.bad_type(name, val.type_str(), "a datetime"))
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the root path of the configuration, if one is known.
+    ///
+    /// For configurations loaded from a `Rocket.toml` file, this will be the
+    /// directory in which the file is stored. For instance, if the
+    /// configuration file is at `/tmp/Rocket.toml`, the path `/tmp` is
+    /// returned. For other configurations, this will be the path set via
+    /// [`Config::set_root()`] or [`ConfigBuilder::root()`].
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use std::env::current_dir;
+    /// use rocket::config::{Config, Environment};
+    ///
+    /// let mut config = Config::new(Environment::Staging);
+    /// assert_eq!(config.root(), None);
+    ///
+    /// let cwd = current_dir().expect("have cwd");
+    /// config.set_root(&cwd);
+    /// assert_eq!(config.root().unwrap(), cwd);
+    /// ```
+    pub fn root(&self) -> Option<&Path> {
+        self.root_path.as_ref().map(|p| p.as_ref())
+    }
+
+    /// Returns `path` relative to this configuration.
+    ///
+    /// The path that is returned depends on whether:
+    ///
+    ///   1. Whether `path` is absolute or relative.
+    ///   2. Whether there is a [`Config::root()`] configured.
+    ///   3. Whether there is a current directory.
+    ///
+    /// If `path` is absolute, it is returned unaltered. Otherwise, if `path` is
+    /// relative and there is a root configured, the root is prepended to `path`
+    /// and the newlt concatenated path is returned. Otherwise, if there is a
+    /// current directory, it is preprended to `path` and the newly concatenated
+    /// path is returned. Finally, if all else fails, the path is simply
+    /// returned.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use std::path::Path;
+    /// use std::env::current_dir;
+    ///
+    /// use rocket::config::{Config, Environment};
+    ///
+    /// let mut config = Config::new(Environment::Staging);
+    ///
+    /// let cwd = current_dir().expect("have cwd");
+    /// config.set_root(&cwd);
+    /// assert_eq!(config.root().unwrap(), cwd);
+    ///
+    /// assert_eq!(config.root_relative("abc"), cwd.join("abc"));
+    /// # #[cfg(not(windows))]
+    /// assert_eq!(config.root_relative("/abc"), Path::new("/abc"));
+    /// # #[cfg(windows)]
+    /// # assert_eq!(config.root_relative("C:\\abc"), Path::new("C:\\abc"));
+    /// ```
+    pub fn root_relative<P: AsRef<Path>>(&self, path: P) -> PathBuf {
+        let path = path.as_ref();
+        if path.is_absolute() {
+            path.into()
+        } else if let Some(root) = self.root() {
+            root.join(path)
+        } else if let Ok(cwd) = ::std::env::current_dir() {
+            cwd.join(path)
+        } else {
+            path.into()
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl fmt::Debug for Config {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+        let mut s = f.debug_struct("Config");
+        s.field("environment", &self.environment);
+        s.field("address", &self.address);
+        s.field("port", &self.port);
+        s.field("workers", &self.workers);
+        s.field("keep_alive", &self.keep_alive);
+        s.field("log_level", &self.log_level);
+
+        for (key, value) in self.extras() {
+            s.field(key, &value);
+        }
+
+        s.finish()
+    }
+}
+
+/// Doesn't consider the secret key or config path.
+impl PartialEq for Config {
+    fn eq(&self, other: &Config) -> bool {
+        self.address == other.address
+            && self.port == other.port
+            && self.workers == other.workers
+            && self.log_level == other.log_level
+            && self.keep_alive == other.keep_alive
+            && self.environment == other.environment
+            && self.extras == other.extras
+    }
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/config/custom_values.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/config/custom_values.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..82718055
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/config/custom_values.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,274 @@
+use std::fmt;
+
+#[cfg(feature = "tls")]
+use http::tls::{Certificate, PrivateKey};
+use http::private::Key;
+
+use config::{Result, Config, Value, ConfigError, LoggingLevel};
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub enum SecretKey {
+    Generated(Key),
+    Provided(Key)
+}
+
+impl SecretKey {
+    #[inline]
+    pub(crate) fn inner(&self) -> &Key {
+        match *self {
+            SecretKey::Generated(ref key) | SecretKey::Provided(ref key) => key
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub(crate) fn is_generated(&self) -> bool {
+        match *self {
+            #[cfg(feature = "private-cookies")]
+            SecretKey::Generated(_) => true,
+            _ => false
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl fmt::Display for SecretKey {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+        #[cfg(feature = "private-cookies")]
+        match *self {
+            SecretKey::Generated(_) => write!(f, "generated"),
+            SecretKey::Provided(_) => write!(f, "provided"),
+        }
+
+        #[cfg(not(feature = "private-cookies"))]
+        write!(f, "private-cookies disabled")
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "tls")]
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct TlsConfig {
+    pub certs: Vec<Certificate>,
+    pub key: PrivateKey
+}
+
+#[cfg(not(feature = "tls"))]
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct TlsConfig;
+
+/// Mapping from data type to size limits.
+///
+/// A `Limits` structure contains a mapping from a given data type ("forms",
+/// "json", and so on) to the maximum size in bytes that should be accepted by a
+/// Rocket application for that data type. For instance, if the limit for
+/// "forms" is set to `256`, only 256 bytes from an incoming form request will
+/// be read.
+///
+/// # Defaults
+///
+/// As documented in [`config`](::config), the default limits are as follows:
+///
+///   * **forms**: 32KiB
+///
+/// # Usage
+///
+/// A `Limits` structure is created following the builder pattern:
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// use rocket::config::Limits;
+///
+/// // Set a limit of 64KiB for forms and 3MiB for JSON.
+/// let limits = Limits::new()
+///     .limit("forms", 64 * 1024)
+///     .limit("json", 3 * 1024 * 1024);
+/// ```
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct Limits {
+    // We cache this internally but don't share that fact in the API.
+    pub(crate) forms: u64,
+    extra: Vec<(String, u64)>
+}
+
+impl Default for Limits {
+    fn default() -> Limits {
+        // Default limit for forms is 32KiB.
+        Limits { forms: 32 * 1024, extra: Vec::new() }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Limits {
+    /// Construct a new `Limits` structure with the default limits set.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::config::Limits;
+    ///
+    /// let limits = Limits::new();
+    /// assert_eq!(limits.get("forms"), Some(32 * 1024));
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Limits::default()
+    }
+
+    /// Adds or replaces a limit in `self`, consuming `self` and returning a new
+    /// `Limits` structure with the added or replaced limit.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::config::Limits;
+    ///
+    /// let limits = Limits::new()
+    ///     .limit("json", 1 * 1024 * 1024);
+    ///
+    /// assert_eq!(limits.get("forms"), Some(32 * 1024));
+    /// assert_eq!(limits.get("json"), Some(1 * 1024 * 1024));
+    ///
+    /// let new_limits = limits.limit("json", 64 * 1024 * 1024);
+    /// assert_eq!(new_limits.get("json"), Some(64 * 1024 * 1024));
+    /// ```
+    pub fn limit<S: Into<String>>(mut self, name: S, limit: u64) -> Self {
+        let name = name.into();
+        match name.as_str() {
+            "forms" => self.forms = limit,
+            _ => {
+                let mut found = false;
+                for tuple in &mut self.extra {
+                    if tuple.0 == name {
+                        tuple.1 = limit;
+                        found = true;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if !found {
+                    self.extra.push((name, limit))
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// Retrieve the set limit, if any, for the data type with name `name`.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::config::Limits;
+    ///
+    /// let limits = Limits::new()
+    ///     .limit("json", 64 * 1024 * 1024);
+    ///
+    /// assert_eq!(limits.get("forms"), Some(32 * 1024));
+    /// assert_eq!(limits.get("json"), Some(64 * 1024 * 1024));
+    /// assert!(limits.get("msgpack").is_none());
+    /// ```
+    pub fn get(&self, name: &str) -> Option<u64> {
+        if name == "forms" {
+            return Some(self.forms);
+        }
+
+        for &(ref key, val) in &self.extra {
+            if key == name {
+                return Some(val);
+            }
+        }
+
+        None
+    }
+}
+
+impl fmt::Display for Limits {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+        fn fmt_size(n: u64, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+            if (n & ((1 << 20) - 1)) == 0 {
+                write!(f, "{}MiB", n >> 20)
+            } else if (n & ((1 << 10) - 1)) == 0 {
+                write!(f, "{}KiB", n >> 10)
+            } else {
+                write!(f, "{}B", n)
+            }
+        }
+
+        write!(f, "forms = ")?;
+        fmt_size(self.forms, f)?;
+        for &(ref key, val) in &self.extra {
+            write!(f, ", {}* = ", key)?;
+            fmt_size(val, f)?;
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn str<'a>(conf: &Config, name: &str, v: &'a Value) -> Result<&'a str> {
+    v.as_str().ok_or_else(|| conf.bad_type(name, v.type_str(), "a string"))
+}
+
+pub fn u64(conf: &Config, name: &str, value: &Value) -> Result<u64> {
+    match value.as_integer() {
+        Some(x) if x >= 0 => Ok(x as u64),
+        _ => Err(conf.bad_type(name, value.type_str(), "an unsigned integer"))
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn u16(conf: &Config, name: &str, value: &Value) -> Result<u16> {
+    match value.as_integer() {
+        Some(x) if x >= 0 && x <= (u16::max_value() as i64) => Ok(x as u16),
+        _ => Err(conf.bad_type(name, value.type_str(), "a 16-bit unsigned integer"))
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn u32(conf: &Config, name: &str, value: &Value) -> Result<u32> {
+    match value.as_integer() {
+        Some(x) if x >= 0 && x <= (u32::max_value() as i64) => Ok(x as u32),
+        _ => Err(conf.bad_type(name, value.type_str(), "a 32-bit unsigned integer"))
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn log_level(conf: &Config,
+                          name: &str,
+                          value: &Value
+                         ) -> Result<LoggingLevel> {
+    str(conf, name, value)
+        .and_then(|s| s.parse().map_err(|e| conf.bad_type(name, value.type_str(), e)))
+}
+
+pub fn tls_config<'v>(conf: &Config,
+                               name: &str,
+                               value: &'v Value,
+                               ) -> Result<(&'v str, &'v str)> {
+    let (mut certs_path, mut key_path) = (None, None);
+    let table = value.as_table()
+        .ok_or_else(|| conf.bad_type(name, value.type_str(), "a table"))?;
+
+    let env = conf.environment;
+    for (key, value) in table {
+        match key.as_str() {
+            "certs" => certs_path = Some(str(conf, "tls.certs", value)?),
+            "key" => key_path = Some(str(conf, "tls.key", value)?),
+            _ => return Err(ConfigError::UnknownKey(format!("{}.tls.{}", env, key)))
+        }
+    }
+
+    if let (Some(certs), Some(key)) = (certs_path, key_path) {
+        Ok((certs, key))
+    } else {
+        Err(conf.bad_type(name, "a table with missing entries",
+                            "a table with `certs` and `key` entries"))
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn limits(conf: &Config, name: &str, value: &Value) -> Result<Limits> {
+    let table = value.as_table()
+        .ok_or_else(|| conf.bad_type(name, value.type_str(), "a table"))?;
+
+    let mut limits = Limits::default();
+    for (key, val) in table {
+        let val = u64(conf, &format!("limits.{}", key), val)?;
+        limits = limits.limit(key.as_str(), val);
+    }
+
+    Ok(limits)
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/config/environment.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/config/environment.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..335f7211
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/config/environment.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+use super::ConfigError;
+
+use std::fmt;
+use std::str::FromStr;
+use std::env;
+
+use self::Environment::*;
+
+pub const CONFIG_ENV: &str = "ROCKET_ENV";
+
+/// An enum corresponding to the valid configuration environments.
+#[derive(Hash, PartialEq, Eq, Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+pub enum Environment {
+    /// The development environment.
+    Development,
+    /// The staging environment.
+    Staging,
+    /// The production environment.
+    Production,
+}
+
+impl Environment {
+    /// List of all of the possible environments.
+    pub(crate) const ALL: [Environment; 3] = [Development, Staging, Production];
+
+    /// String of all valid environments.
+    pub(crate) const VALID: &'static str = "development, staging, production";
+
+    /// Retrieves the "active" environment as determined by the `ROCKET_ENV`
+    /// environment variable. If `ROCKET_ENV` is not set, returns `Development`
+    /// when the application was compiled in `debug` mode and `Production` when
+    /// the application was compiled in `release` mode.
+    ///
+    /// # Errors
+    ///
+    /// Returns a `BadEnv` `ConfigError` if `ROCKET_ENV` is set and contains an
+    /// invalid or unknown environment name.
+    pub fn active() -> Result<Environment, ConfigError> {
+        match env::var(CONFIG_ENV) {
+            Ok(s) => s.parse().map_err(|_| ConfigError::BadEnv(s)),
+            #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
+            _ => Ok(Development),
+            #[cfg(not(debug_assertions))]
+            _ => Ok(Production),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns `true` if `self` is `Environment::Development`.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::config::Environment;
+    ///
+    /// assert!(Environment::Development.is_dev());
+    /// assert!(!Environment::Production.is_dev());
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn is_dev(self) -> bool {
+        self == Development
+    }
+
+    /// Returns `true` if `self` is `Environment::Staging`.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::config::Environment;
+    ///
+    /// assert!(Environment::Staging.is_stage());
+    /// assert!(!Environment::Production.is_stage());
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn is_stage(self) -> bool {
+        self == Staging
+    }
+
+    /// Returns `true` if `self` is `Environment::Production`.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::config::Environment;
+    ///
+    /// assert!(Environment::Production.is_prod());
+    /// assert!(!Environment::Staging.is_prod());
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn is_prod(self) -> bool {
+        self == Production
+    }
+}
+
+impl FromStr for Environment {
+    type Err = ();
+
+    /// Parses a configuration environment from a string. Should be used
+    /// indirectly via `str`'s `parse` method.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// Parsing a development environment:
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::config::Environment;
+    ///
+    /// let env = "development".parse::<Environment>();
+    /// assert_eq!(env.unwrap(), Environment::Development);
+    ///
+    /// let env = "dev".parse::<Environment>();
+    /// assert_eq!(env.unwrap(), Environment::Development);
+    ///
+    /// let env = "devel".parse::<Environment>();
+    /// assert_eq!(env.unwrap(), Environment::Development);
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// Parsing a staging environment:
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::config::Environment;
+    ///
+    /// let env = "staging".parse::<Environment>();
+    /// assert_eq!(env.unwrap(), Environment::Staging);
+    ///
+    /// let env = "stage".parse::<Environment>();
+    /// assert_eq!(env.unwrap(), Environment::Staging);
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// Parsing a production environment:
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::config::Environment;
+    ///
+    /// let env = "production".parse::<Environment>();
+    /// assert_eq!(env.unwrap(), Environment::Production);
+    ///
+    /// let env = "prod".parse::<Environment>();
+    /// assert_eq!(env.unwrap(), Environment::Production);
+    /// ```
+    fn from_str(s: &str) -> Result<Self, Self::Err> {
+        let env = match s {
+            "dev" | "devel" | "development" => Development,
+            "stage" | "staging" => Staging,
+            "prod" | "production" => Production,
+            _ => return Err(()),
+        };
+
+        Ok(env)
+    }
+}
+
+impl fmt::Display for Environment {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+        match *self {
+            Development => write!(f, "development"),
+            Staging => write!(f, "staging"),
+            Production => write!(f, "production"),
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/config/error.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/config/error.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f26b3bbb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/config/error.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
+use std::{io, fmt};
+use std::path::PathBuf;
+use std::error::Error;
+
+use yansi::Paint;
+
+use super::Environment;
+use self::ConfigError::*;
+
+/// The type of a configuration error.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub enum ConfigError {
+    /// The configuration file was not found.
+    NotFound,
+    /// There was an I/O error while reading the configuration file.
+    IoError,
+    /// There was an I/O error while setting a configuration parameter.
+    ///
+    /// Parameters: (io_error, config_param_name)
+    Io(io::Error, &'static str),
+    /// The path at which the configuration file was found was invalid.
+    ///
+    /// Parameters: (path, reason)
+    BadFilePath(PathBuf, &'static str),
+    /// An environment specified in `ROCKET_ENV` is invalid.
+    ///
+    /// Parameters: (environment_name)
+    BadEnv(String),
+    /// An environment specified as a table `[environment]` is invalid.
+    ///
+    /// Parameters: (environment_name, filename)
+    BadEntry(String, PathBuf),
+    /// A config key was specified with a value of the wrong type.
+    ///
+    /// Parameters: (entry_name, expected_type, actual_type, filename)
+    BadType(String, &'static str, &'static str, Option<PathBuf>),
+    /// There was a TOML parsing error.
+    ///
+    /// Parameters: (toml_source_string, filename, error_description, line/col)
+    ParseError(String, PathBuf, String, Option<(usize, usize)>),
+    /// There was a TOML parsing error in a config environment variable.
+    ///
+    /// Parameters: (env_key, env_value, error)
+    BadEnvVal(String, String, String),
+    /// The entry (key) is unknown.
+    ///
+    /// Parameters: (key)
+    UnknownKey(String),
+    /// The entry (key) was expected but was missing.
+    ///
+    /// Parameters: (key)
+    Missing(String),
+}
+
+impl ConfigError {
+    /// Prints this configuration error with Rocket formatting.
+    pub fn pretty_print(&self) {
+        let valid_envs = Environment::VALID;
+        match *self {
+            NotFound => error!("config file was not found"),
+            IoError => error!("failed reading the config file: IO error"),
+            Io(ref error, param) => {
+                error!("I/O error while setting {}:", Paint::default(param).bold());
+                info_!("{}", error);
+            }
+            BadFilePath(ref path, reason) => {
+                error!("configuration file path {} is invalid", Paint::default(path.display()).bold());
+                info_!("{}", reason);
+            }
+            BadEntry(ref name, ref filename) => {
+                let valid_entries = format!("{}, global", valid_envs);
+                error!("{} is not a known configuration environment",
+                       Paint::default(format!("[{}]", name)).bold());
+                info_!("in {}", Paint::default(filename.display()).bold());
+                info_!("valid environments are: {}", Paint::default(valid_entries).bold());
+            }
+            BadEnv(ref name) => {
+                error!("{} is not a valid ROCKET_ENV value", Paint::default(name).bold());
+                info_!("valid environments are: {}", Paint::default(valid_envs).bold());
+            }
+            BadType(ref name, expected, actual, ref filename) => {
+                error!("{} key could not be parsed", Paint::default(name).bold());
+                if let Some(filename) = filename {
+                    info_!("in {}", Paint::default(filename.display()).bold());
+                }
+
+                info_!("expected value to be {}, but found {}",
+                       Paint::default(expected).bold(), Paint::default(actual).bold());
+            }
+            ParseError(_, ref filename, ref desc, line_col) => {
+                error!("config file failed to parse due to invalid TOML");
+                info_!("{}", desc);
+                info_!("in {}", Paint::default(filename.display()).bold());
+                if let Some((line, col)) = line_col {
+                    info_!("at line {}, column {}",
+                           Paint::default(line + 1).bold(), Paint::default(col + 1).bold());
+                }
+            }
+            BadEnvVal(ref key, ref value, ref error) => {
+                error!("environment variable {} could not be parsed",
+                   Paint::default(format!("ROCKET_{}={}", key.to_uppercase(), value)).bold());
+                info_!("{}", error);
+            }
+            UnknownKey(ref key) => {
+                error!("the configuration key {} is unknown and disallowed in \
+                       this position", Paint::default(key).bold());
+            }
+            Missing(ref key) => {
+                error!("missing configuration key: {}", Paint::default(key).bold());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns `true` if `self` is of `NotFound` variant.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::config::ConfigError;
+    ///
+    /// let error = ConfigError::NotFound;
+    /// assert!(error.is_not_found());
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn is_not_found(&self) -> bool {
+        match *self {
+            NotFound => true,
+            _ => false
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl fmt::Display for ConfigError {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+        match *self {
+            NotFound => write!(f, "config file was not found"),
+            IoError => write!(f, "I/O error while reading the config file"),
+            Io(ref e, p) => write!(f, "I/O error while setting '{}': {}", p, e),
+            BadFilePath(ref p, _) => write!(f, "{:?} is not a valid config path", p),
+            BadEnv(ref e) => write!(f, "{:?} is not a valid `ROCKET_ENV` value", e),
+            ParseError(..) => write!(f, "the config file contains invalid TOML"),
+            UnknownKey(ref k) => write!(f, "'{}' is an unknown key", k),
+            Missing(ref k) => write!(f, "missing key: '{}'", k),
+            BadEntry(ref e, _) => {
+                write!(f, "{:?} is not a valid `[environment]` entry", e)
+            }
+            BadType(ref n, e, a, _) => {
+                write!(f, "type mismatch for '{}'. expected {}, found {}", n, e, a)
+            }
+            BadEnvVal(ref k, ref v, _) => {
+                write!(f, "environment variable '{}={}' could not be parsed", k, v)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Error for ConfigError {
+    fn description(&self) -> &str {
+        match *self {
+            NotFound => "config file was not found",
+            IoError => "there was an I/O error while reading the config file",
+            Io(..) => "an I/O error occured while setting a configuration parameter",
+            BadFilePath(..) => "the config file path is invalid",
+            BadEntry(..) => "an environment specified as `[environment]` is invalid",
+            BadEnv(..) => "the environment specified in `ROCKET_ENV` is invalid",
+            ParseError(..) => "the config file contains invalid TOML",
+            BadType(..) => "a key was specified with a value of the wrong type",
+            BadEnvVal(..) => "an environment variable could not be parsed",
+            UnknownKey(..) => "an unknown key was used in a disallowed position",
+            Missing(..) => "an expected key was not found",
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl PartialEq for ConfigError {
+    fn eq(&self, other: &ConfigError) -> bool {
+        match (self, other) {
+            (&NotFound, &NotFound) => true,
+            (&IoError, &IoError) => true,
+            (&Io(_, p1), &Io(_, p2)) => p1 == p2,
+            (&BadFilePath(ref p1, _), &BadFilePath(ref p2, _)) => p1 == p2,
+            (&BadEnv(ref e1), &BadEnv(ref e2)) => e1 == e2,
+            (&ParseError(..), &ParseError(..)) => true,
+            (&UnknownKey(ref k1), &UnknownKey(ref k2)) => k1 == k2,
+            (&BadEntry(ref e1, _), &BadEntry(ref e2, _)) => e1 == e2,
+            (&BadType(ref n1, e1, a1, _), &BadType(ref n2, e2, a2, _)) => {
+                n1 == n2 && e1 == e2 && a1 == a2
+            }
+            (&BadEnvVal(ref k1, ref v1, _), &BadEnvVal(ref k2, ref v2, _)) => {
+                k1 == k2 && v1 == v2
+            }
+            (&Missing(ref k1), &Missing(ref k2)) => k1 == k2,
+            (&NotFound, _) | (&IoError, _) | (&Io(..), _)
+                | (&BadFilePath(..), _) | (&BadEnv(..), _) | (&ParseError(..), _)
+                | (&UnknownKey(..), _) | (&BadEntry(..), _) | (&BadType(..), _)
+                | (&BadEnvVal(..), _) | (&Missing(..), _) => false
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/config/mod.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/config/mod.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8e041834
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/config/mod.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,1207 @@
+//! Application configuration and configuration parameter retrieval.
+//!
+//! This module implements configuration handling for Rocket. It implements the
+//! parsing and interpretation of the `Rocket.toml` config file and
+//! `ROCKET_{PARAM}` environment variables. It also allows libraries to access
+//! user-configured values.
+//!
+//! ## Application Configuration
+//!
+//! ### Environments
+//!
+//! Rocket applications are always running in one of three environments:
+//!
+//!   * development _or_ dev
+//!   * staging _or_ stage
+//!   * production _or_ prod
+//!
+//! Each environment can contain different configuration parameters. By default,
+//! Rocket applications run in the **development** environment. The environment
+//! can be changed via the `ROCKET_ENV` environment variable. For example, to
+//! start a Rocket application in the **production** environment:
+//!
+//! ```sh
+//! ROCKET_ENV=production ./target/release/rocket_app
+//! ```
+//!
+//! ### Configuration Parameters
+//!
+//! Each environments consists of several standard configuration parameters as
+//! well as an arbitrary number of _extra_ configuration parameters, which are
+//! not used by Rocket itself but can be used by external libraries. The
+//! standard configuration parameters are:
+//!
+//! | name          | type           | description                                                 | examples                   |
+//! |------------   |----------------|-------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------|
+//! | address       | string         | ip address or host to listen on                             | `"localhost"`, `"1.2.3.4"` |
+//! | port          | integer        | port number to listen on                                    | `8000`, `80`               |
+//! | keep_alive    | integer        | keep-alive timeout in seconds                               | `0` (disable), `10`        |
+//! | read_timeout  | integer        | data read timeout in seconds                                | `0` (disable), `5`         |
+//! | write_timeout | integer        | data write timeout in seconds                               | `0` (disable), `5`         |
+//! | workers       | integer        | number of concurrent thread workers                         | `36`, `512`                |
+//! | log           | string         | max log level: `"off"`, `"normal"`, `"debug"`, `"critical"` | `"off"`, `"normal"`        |
+//! | secret_key    | 256-bit base64 | secret key for private cookies                              | `"8Xui8SI..."` (44 chars)  |
+//! | tls           | table          | tls config table with two keys (`certs`, `key`)             | _see below_                |
+//! | tls.certs     | string         | path to certificate chain in PEM format                     | `"private/cert.pem"`       |
+//! | tls.key       | string         | path to private key for `tls.certs` in PEM format           | `"private/key.pem"`        |
+//! | limits        | table          | map from data type (string) to data limit (integer: bytes)  | `{ forms = 65536 }`        |
+//!
+//! ### Rocket.toml
+//!
+//! `Rocket.toml` is a Rocket application's configuration file. It can
+//! optionally be used to specify the configuration parameters for each
+//! environment. If it is not present, the default configuration parameters or
+//! environment supplied parameters are used.
+//!
+//! The file must be a series of TOML tables, at most one for each environment,
+//! and an optional "global" table, where each table contains key-value pairs
+//! corresponding to configuration parameters for that environment. If a
+//! configuration parameter is missing, the default value is used. The following
+//! is a complete `Rocket.toml` file, where every standard configuration
+//! parameter is specified with the default value:
+//!
+//! ```toml
+//! [development]
+//! address = "localhost"
+//! port = 8000
+//! workers = [number_of_cpus * 2]
+//! keep_alive = 5
+//! read_timeout = 5
+//! write_timeout = 5
+//! log = "normal"
+//! secret_key = [randomly generated at launch]
+//! limits = { forms = 32768 }
+//!
+//! [staging]
+//! address = "0.0.0.0"
+//! port = 8000
+//! workers = [number_of_cpus * 2]
+//! keep_alive = 5
+//! read_timeout = 5
+//! write_timeout = 5
+//! log = "normal"
+//! secret_key = [randomly generated at launch]
+//! limits = { forms = 32768 }
+//!
+//! [production]
+//! address = "0.0.0.0"
+//! port = 8000
+//! workers = [number_of_cpus * 2]
+//! keep_alive = 5
+//! read_timeout = 5
+//! write_timeout = 5
+//! log = "critical"
+//! secret_key = [randomly generated at launch]
+//! limits = { forms = 32768 }
+//! ```
+//!
+//! The `workers` and `secret_key` default parameters are computed by Rocket
+//! automatically; the values above are not valid TOML syntax. When manually
+//! specifying the number of workers, the value should be an integer: `workers =
+//! 10`. When manually specifying the secret key, the value should a 256-bit
+//! base64 encoded string. Such a string can be generated with the `openssl`
+//! command line tool: `openssl rand -base64 32`.
+//!
+//! The "global" pseudo-environment can be used to set and/or override
+//! configuration parameters globally. A parameter defined in a `[global]` table
+//! sets, or overrides if already present, that parameter in every environment.
+//! For example, given the following `Rocket.toml` file, the value of `address`
+//! will be `"1.2.3.4"` in every environment:
+//!
+//! ```toml
+//! [global]
+//! address = "1.2.3.4"
+//!
+//! [development]
+//! address = "localhost"
+//!
+//! [production]
+//! address = "0.0.0.0"
+//! ```
+//!
+//! ### TLS Configuration
+//!
+//! TLS can be enabled by specifying the `tls.key` and `tls.certs` parameters.
+//! Rocket must be compiled with the `tls` feature enabled for the parameters to
+//! take effect. The recommended way to specify the parameters is via the
+//! `global` environment:
+//!
+//! ```toml
+//! [global.tls]
+//! certs = "/path/to/certs.pem"
+//! key = "/path/to/key.pem"
+//! ```
+//!
+//! ### Environment Variables
+//!
+//! All configuration parameters, including extras, can be overridden through
+//! environment variables. To override the configuration parameter `{param}`,
+//! use an environment variable named `ROCKET_{PARAM}`. For instance, to
+//! override the "port" configuration parameter, you can run your application
+//! with:
+//!
+//! ```sh
+//! ROCKET_PORT=3721 ./your_application
+//! ```
+//!
+//! Environment variables take precedence over all other configuration methods:
+//! if the variable is set, it will be used as the value for the parameter.
+//! Variable values are parsed as if they were TOML syntax. As illustration,
+//! consider the following examples:
+//!
+//! ```sh
+//! ROCKET_INTEGER=1
+//! ROCKET_FLOAT=3.14
+//! ROCKET_STRING=Hello
+//! ROCKET_STRING="Hello"
+//! ROCKET_BOOL=true
+//! ROCKET_ARRAY=[1,"b",3.14]
+//! ROCKET_DICT={key="abc",val=123}
+//! ```
+//!
+//! ## Retrieving Configuration Parameters
+//!
+//! Configuration parameters for the currently active configuration environment
+//! can be retrieved via the [`Rocket::config()`] `Rocket` and `get_` methods on
+//! [`Config`] structure.
+//!
+//! [`Rocket::config()`]: crate::Rocket::config()
+//!
+//! The retrivial of configuration parameters usually occurs at launch time via
+//! a [launch fairing](::fairing::Fairing). If information about the
+//! configuraiton is needed later in the program, an attach fairing can be used
+//! to store the information as managed state. As an example of the latter,
+//! consider the following short program which reads the `token` configuration
+//! parameter and stores the value or a default in a `Token` managed state
+//! value:
+//!
+//! ```rust
+//! use rocket::fairing::AdHoc;
+//!
+//! struct Token(i64);
+//!
+//! fn main() {
+//!     rocket::ignite()
+//!         .attach(AdHoc::on_attach("Token Config", |rocket| {
+//!             println!("Adding token managed state from config...");
+//!             let token_val = rocket.config().get_int("token").unwrap_or(-1);
+//!             Ok(rocket.manage(Token(token_val)))
+//!         }))
+//! # ;
+//! }
+//! ```
+
+mod error;
+mod environment;
+mod config;
+mod builder;
+mod toml_ext;
+mod custom_values;
+
+use std::fs::{self, File};
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::io::Read;
+use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
+use std::process;
+use std::env;
+
+use toml;
+
+pub use self::custom_values::Limits;
+pub use toml::value::{Array, Table, Value, Datetime};
+pub use self::error::ConfigError;
+pub use self::environment::Environment;
+pub use self::config::Config;
+pub use self::builder::ConfigBuilder;
+pub use logger::LoggingLevel;
+pub(crate) use self::toml_ext::LoggedValue;
+
+use logger;
+use self::Environment::*;
+use self::environment::CONFIG_ENV;
+use logger::COLORS_ENV;
+use self::toml_ext::parse_simple_toml_value;
+use http::uncased::uncased_eq;
+
+const CONFIG_FILENAME: &str = "Rocket.toml";
+const GLOBAL_ENV_NAME: &str = "global";
+const ENV_VAR_PREFIX: &str = "ROCKET_";
+const PREHANDLED_VARS: [&str; 3] = ["ROCKET_CODEGEN_DEBUG", CONFIG_ENV, COLORS_ENV];
+
+/// Wraps `std::result` with the error type of [`ConfigError`].
+pub type Result<T> = ::std::result::Result<T, ConfigError>;
+
+#[doc(hidden)]
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub struct RocketConfig {
+    pub active_env: Environment,
+    config: HashMap<Environment, Config>,
+}
+
+impl RocketConfig {
+    /// Read the configuration from the `Rocket.toml` file. The file is search
+    /// for recursively up the tree, starting from the CWD.
+    pub fn read() -> Result<RocketConfig> {
+        // Find the config file, starting from the `cwd` and working backwards.
+        let file = RocketConfig::find()?;
+
+        // Try to open the config file for reading.
+        let mut handle = File::open(&file).map_err(|_| ConfigError::IoError)?;
+
+        // Read the configure file to a string for parsing.
+        let mut contents = String::new();
+        handle.read_to_string(&mut contents).map_err(|_| ConfigError::IoError)?;
+
+        // Parse the config and return the result.
+        RocketConfig::parse(contents, &file)
+    }
+
+    /// Return the default configuration for all environments and marks the
+    /// active environment (via the CONFIG_ENV variable) as active.
+    pub fn active_default_from(filename: Option<&Path>) -> Result<RocketConfig> {
+        let mut defaults = HashMap::new();
+        if let Some(path) = filename {
+            defaults.insert(Development, Config::default_from(Development, &path)?);
+            defaults.insert(Staging, Config::default_from(Staging, &path)?);
+            defaults.insert(Production, Config::default_from(Production, &path)?);
+        } else {
+            defaults.insert(Development, Config::default(Development));
+            defaults.insert(Staging, Config::default(Staging));
+            defaults.insert(Production, Config::default(Production));
+        }
+
+        let mut config = RocketConfig {
+            active_env: Environment::active()?,
+            config: defaults,
+        };
+
+        // Override any variables from the environment.
+        config.override_from_env()?;
+        Ok(config)
+    }
+
+    /// Return the default configuration for all environments and marks the
+    /// active environment (via the CONFIG_ENV variable) as active.
+    pub fn active_default() -> Result<RocketConfig> {
+        RocketConfig::active_default_from(None)
+    }
+
+    /// Iteratively search for `CONFIG_FILENAME` starting at the current working
+    /// directory and working up through its parents. Returns the path to the
+    /// file or an Error::NoKey if the file couldn't be found. If the current
+    /// working directory can't be determined, return `BadCWD`.
+    fn find() -> Result<PathBuf> {
+        let cwd = env::current_dir().map_err(|_| ConfigError::NotFound)?;
+        let mut current = cwd.as_path();
+
+        loop {
+            let manifest = current.join(CONFIG_FILENAME);
+            if fs::metadata(&manifest).is_ok() {
+                return Ok(manifest)
+            }
+
+            match current.parent() {
+                Some(p) => current = p,
+                None => break,
+            }
+        }
+
+        Err(ConfigError::NotFound)
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn get_mut(&mut self, env: Environment) -> &mut Config {
+        match self.config.get_mut(&env) {
+            Some(config) => config,
+            None => panic!("set(): {} config is missing.", env),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Set the configuration for the environment `env` to be the configuration
+    /// derived from the TOML table `kvs`. The environment must already exist in
+    /// `self`, otherwise this function panics. Any existing values are
+    /// overridden by those in `kvs`.
+    fn set_from_table(&mut self, env: Environment, kvs: &Table) -> Result<()> {
+        for (key, value) in kvs {
+            self.get_mut(env).set_raw(key, value)?;
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Retrieves the `Config` for the environment `env`.
+    pub fn get(&self, env: Environment) -> &Config {
+        match self.config.get(&env) {
+            Some(config) => config,
+            None => panic!("get(): {} config is missing.", env),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Retrieves the `Config` for the active environment.
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn active(&self) -> &Config {
+        self.get(self.active_env)
+    }
+
+    // Override all environments with values from env variables if present.
+    fn override_from_env(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
+        for (key, val) in env::vars() {
+            if key.len() < ENV_VAR_PREFIX.len() {
+                continue
+            } else if !uncased_eq(&key[..ENV_VAR_PREFIX.len()], ENV_VAR_PREFIX) {
+                continue
+            }
+
+            // Skip environment variables that are handled elsewhere.
+            if PREHANDLED_VARS.iter().any(|var| uncased_eq(&key, var)) {
+                continue
+            }
+
+            // Parse the key and value and try to set the variable for all envs.
+            let key = key[ENV_VAR_PREFIX.len()..].to_lowercase();
+            let toml_val = match parse_simple_toml_value(&val) {
+                Ok(val) => val,
+                Err(e) => return Err(ConfigError::BadEnvVal(key, val, e))
+            };
+
+            for env in &Environment::ALL {
+                match self.get_mut(*env).set_raw(&key, &toml_val) {
+                    Err(ConfigError::BadType(_, exp, actual, _)) => {
+                        let e = format!("expected {}, but found {}", exp, actual);
+                        return Err(ConfigError::BadEnvVal(key, val, e))
+                    }
+                    Err(e) => return Err(e),
+                    Ok(_) => { /* move along */ }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Parses the configuration from the Rocket.toml file. Also overrides any
+    /// values there with values from the environment.
+    fn parse<P: AsRef<Path>>(src: String, filename: P) -> Result<RocketConfig> {
+        use self::ConfigError::ParseError;
+
+        // Parse the source as TOML, if possible.
+        let path = filename.as_ref().to_path_buf();
+        let table = match src.parse::<toml::Value>() {
+            Ok(toml::Value::Table(table)) => table,
+            Ok(value) => {
+                let err = format!("expected a table, found {}", value.type_str());
+                return Err(ConfigError::ParseError(src, path, err, Some((1, 1))));
+            }
+            Err(e) => return Err(ParseError(src, path, e.to_string(), e.line_col()))
+        };
+
+        // Create a config with the defaults; set the env to the active one.
+        let mut config = RocketConfig::active_default_from(Some(filename.as_ref()))?;
+
+        // Store all of the global overrides, if any, for later use.
+        let mut global = None;
+
+        // Parse the values from the TOML file.
+        for (entry, value) in table {
+            // Each environment must be a table.
+            let kv_pairs = match value.as_table() {
+                Some(table) => table,
+                None => return Err(ConfigError::BadType(
+                    entry, "a table", value.type_str(), Some(path.clone())
+                ))
+            };
+
+            // Store the global table for later use and move on.
+            if entry.as_str() == GLOBAL_ENV_NAME {
+                global = Some(kv_pairs.clone());
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            // This is not the global table. Parse the environment name from the
+            // table entry name and then set all of the key/values.
+            match entry.as_str().parse() {
+                Ok(env) => config.set_from_table(env, kv_pairs)?,
+                Err(_) => Err(ConfigError::BadEntry(entry.clone(), path.clone()))?
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Override all of the environments with the global values.
+        if let Some(ref global_kv_pairs) = global {
+            for env in &Environment::ALL {
+                config.set_from_table(*env, global_kv_pairs)?;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Override any variables from the environment.
+        config.override_from_env()?;
+
+        Ok(config)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Returns the active configuration and whether this call initialized the
+/// configuration. The configuration can only be initialized once.
+///
+/// Initializes the global RocketConfig by reading the Rocket config file from
+/// the current directory or any of its parents. Returns the active
+/// configuration, which is determined by the config env variable. If there as a
+/// problem parsing the configuration, the error is printed and the program is
+/// aborted. If there an I/O issue reading the config file, a warning is printed
+/// and the default configuration is used. If there is no config file, the
+/// default configuration is used.
+///
+/// # Panics
+///
+/// If there is a problem, prints a nice error message and bails.
+pub(crate) fn init() -> Config {
+    let bail = |e: ConfigError| -> ! {
+        logger::init(LoggingLevel::Debug);
+        e.pretty_print();
+        process::exit(1)
+    };
+
+    use self::ConfigError::*;
+    let config = RocketConfig::read().unwrap_or_else(|e| {
+        match e {
+            | ParseError(..) | BadEntry(..) | BadEnv(..) | BadType(..) | Io(..)
+            | BadFilePath(..) | BadEnvVal(..) | UnknownKey(..)
+            | Missing(..) => bail(e),
+            IoError => warn!("Failed reading Rocket.toml. Using defaults."),
+            NotFound => { /* try using the default below */ }
+        }
+
+        RocketConfig::active_default().unwrap_or_else(|e| bail(e))
+    });
+
+    // FIXME: Should probably store all of the config.
+    config.active().clone()
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+    use std::env;
+    use std::sync::Mutex;
+
+    use super::{RocketConfig, Config, ConfigError, ConfigBuilder};
+    use super::{Environment, GLOBAL_ENV_NAME};
+    use super::environment::CONFIG_ENV;
+    use super::Environment::*;
+    use super::Result;
+
+    use ::logger::LoggingLevel;
+
+    const TEST_CONFIG_FILENAME: &'static str = "/tmp/testing/Rocket.toml";
+
+    // TODO: It's a shame we have to depend on lazy_static just for this.
+    lazy_static! {
+        static ref ENV_LOCK: Mutex<usize> = Mutex::new(0);
+    }
+
+    macro_rules! check_config {
+        ($rconfig:expr, $econfig:expr) => (
+            let expected = $econfig.finalize().unwrap();
+            match $rconfig {
+                Ok(config) => assert_eq!(config.active(), &expected),
+                Err(e) => panic!("Config {} failed: {:?}", stringify!($rconfig), e)
+            }
+        );
+
+        ($env:expr, $rconfig:expr, $econfig:expr) => (
+            let expected = $econfig.finalize().unwrap();
+            match $rconfig {
+                Ok(ref config) => assert_eq!(config.get($env), &expected),
+                Err(ref e) => panic!("Config {} failed: {:?}", stringify!($rconfig), e)
+            }
+        );
+    }
+
+    fn active_default() -> Result<RocketConfig>  {
+        RocketConfig::active_default()
+    }
+
+    fn default_config(env: Environment) -> ConfigBuilder {
+        ConfigBuilder::new(env)
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_defaults() {
+        // Take the lock so changing the environment doesn't cause races.
+        let _env_lock = ENV_LOCK.lock().unwrap();
+
+        // First, without an environment. Should get development defaults on
+        // debug builds and productions defaults on non-debug builds.
+        env::remove_var(CONFIG_ENV);
+        #[cfg(debug_assertions)] check_config!(active_default(), default_config(Development));
+        #[cfg(not(debug_assertions))] check_config!(active_default(), default_config(Production));
+
+        // Now with an explicit dev environment.
+        for env in &["development", "dev"] {
+            env::set_var(CONFIG_ENV, env);
+            check_config!(active_default(), default_config(Development));
+        }
+
+        // Now staging.
+        for env in &["stage", "staging"] {
+            env::set_var(CONFIG_ENV, env);
+            check_config!(active_default(), default_config(Staging));
+        }
+
+        // Finally, production.
+        for env in &["prod", "production"] {
+            env::set_var(CONFIG_ENV, env);
+            check_config!(active_default(), default_config(Production));
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_bad_environment_vars() {
+        // Take the lock so changing the environment doesn't cause races.
+        let _env_lock = ENV_LOCK.lock().unwrap();
+
+        for env in &["", "p", "pr", "pro", "prodo", " prod", "dev ", "!dev!", "🚀 "] {
+            env::set_var(CONFIG_ENV, env);
+            let err = ConfigError::BadEnv(env.to_string());
+            assert!(active_default().err().map_or(false, |e| e == err));
+        }
+
+        // Test that a bunch of invalid environment names give the right error.
+        env::remove_var(CONFIG_ENV);
+        for env in &["p", "pr", "pro", "prodo", "bad", "meow", "this", "that"] {
+            let toml_table = format!("[{}]\n", env);
+            let e_str = env.to_string();
+            let err = ConfigError::BadEntry(e_str, TEST_CONFIG_FILENAME.into());
+            assert!(RocketConfig::parse(toml_table, TEST_CONFIG_FILENAME)
+                    .err().map_or(false, |e| e == err));
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_good_full_config_files() {
+        // Take the lock so changing the environment doesn't cause races.
+        let _env_lock = ENV_LOCK.lock().unwrap();
+        env::remove_var(CONFIG_ENV);
+
+        let config_str = r#"
+            address = "1.2.3.4"
+            port = 7810
+            workers = 21
+            log = "critical"
+            keep_alive = 0
+            read_timeout = 1
+            write_timeout = 0
+            secret_key = "8Xui8SN4mI+7egV/9dlfYYLGQJeEx4+DwmSQLwDVXJg="
+            template_dir = "mine"
+            json = true
+            pi = 3.14
+        "#;
+
+        let mut expected = default_config(Development)
+            .address("1.2.3.4")
+            .port(7810)
+            .workers(21)
+            .log_level(LoggingLevel::Critical)
+            .keep_alive(0)
+            .read_timeout(1)
+            .write_timeout(0)
+            .secret_key("8Xui8SN4mI+7egV/9dlfYYLGQJeEx4+DwmSQLwDVXJg=")
+            .extra("template_dir", "mine")
+            .extra("json", true)
+            .extra("pi", 3.14);
+
+        expected.environment = Development;
+        let dev_config = ["[dev]", config_str].join("\n");
+        let parsed = RocketConfig::parse(dev_config, TEST_CONFIG_FILENAME);
+        check_config!(Development, parsed, expected.clone());
+        check_config!(Staging, parsed, default_config(Staging));
+        check_config!(Production, parsed, default_config(Production));
+
+        expected.environment = Staging;
+        let stage_config = ["[stage]", config_str].join("\n");
+        let parsed = RocketConfig::parse(stage_config, TEST_CONFIG_FILENAME);
+        check_config!(Staging, parsed, expected.clone());
+        check_config!(Development, parsed, default_config(Development));
+        check_config!(Production, parsed, default_config(Production));
+
+        expected.environment = Production;
+        let prod_config = ["[prod]", config_str].join("\n");
+        let parsed = RocketConfig::parse(prod_config, TEST_CONFIG_FILENAME);
+        check_config!(Production, parsed, expected);
+        check_config!(Development, parsed, default_config(Development));
+        check_config!(Staging, parsed, default_config(Staging));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_good_address_values() {
+        // Take the lock so changing the environment doesn't cause races.
+        let _env_lock = ENV_LOCK.lock().unwrap();
+        env::set_var(CONFIG_ENV, "dev");
+
+        check_config!(RocketConfig::parse(r#"
+                          [development]
+                          address = "localhost"
+                      "#.to_string(), TEST_CONFIG_FILENAME), {
+                          default_config(Development).address("localhost")
+                      });
+
+        check_config!(RocketConfig::parse(r#"
+                          [development]
+                          address = "127.0.0.1"
+                      "#.to_string(), TEST_CONFIG_FILENAME), {
+                          default_config(Development).address("127.0.0.1")
+                      });
+
+        check_config!(RocketConfig::parse(r#"
+                          [development]
+                          address = "::"
+                      "#.to_string(), TEST_CONFIG_FILENAME), {
+                          default_config(Development).address("::")
+                      });
+
+        check_config!(RocketConfig::parse(r#"
+                          [dev]
+                          address = "2001:db8::370:7334"
+                      "#.to_string(), TEST_CONFIG_FILENAME), {
+                          default_config(Development).address("2001:db8::370:7334")
+                      });
+
+        check_config!(RocketConfig::parse(r#"
+                          [dev]
+                          address = "0.0.0.0"
+                      "#.to_string(), TEST_CONFIG_FILENAME), {
+                          default_config(Development).address("0.0.0.0")
+                      });
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_bad_address_values() {
+        // Take the lock so changing the environment doesn't cause races.
+        let _env_lock = ENV_LOCK.lock().unwrap();
+        env::remove_var(CONFIG_ENV);
+
+        assert!(RocketConfig::parse(r#"
+            [development]
+            address = 0000
+        "#.to_string(), TEST_CONFIG_FILENAME).is_err());
+
+        assert!(RocketConfig::parse(r#"
+            [development]
+            address = true
+        "#.to_string(), TEST_CONFIG_FILENAME).is_err());
+
+        assert!(RocketConfig::parse(r#"
+            [development]
+            address = "........"
+        "#.to_string(), TEST_CONFIG_FILENAME).is_err());
+
+        assert!(RocketConfig::parse(r#"
+            [staging]
+            address = "1.2.3.4:100"
+        "#.to_string(), TEST_CONFIG_FILENAME).is_err());
+    }
+
+    // Only do this test when the tls feature is disabled since the file paths
+    // we're supplying don't actually exist.
+    #[test]
+    fn test_good_tls_values() {
+        // Take the lock so changing the environment doesn't cause races.
+        let _env_lock = ENV_LOCK.lock().unwrap();
+        env::set_var(CONFIG_ENV, "dev");
+
+        assert!(RocketConfig::parse(r#"
+            [staging]
+            tls = { certs = "some/path.pem", key = "some/key.pem" }
+        "#.to_string(), TEST_CONFIG_FILENAME).is_ok());
+
+        assert!(RocketConfig::parse(r#"
+            [staging.tls]
+            certs = "some/path.pem"
+            key = "some/key.pem"
+        "#.to_string(), TEST_CONFIG_FILENAME).is_ok());
+
+        assert!(RocketConfig::parse(r#"
+            [global.tls]
+            certs = "some/path.pem"
+            key = "some/key.pem"
+        "#.to_string(), TEST_CONFIG_FILENAME).is_ok());
+
+        assert!(RocketConfig::parse(r#"
+            [global]
+            tls = { certs = "some/path.pem", key = "some/key.pem" }
+        "#.to_string(), TEST_CONFIG_FILENAME).is_ok());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_bad_tls_config() {
+        // Take the lock so changing the environment doesn't cause races.
+        let _env_lock = ENV_LOCK.lock().unwrap();
+        env::remove_var(CONFIG_ENV);
+
+        assert!(RocketConfig::parse(r#"
+            [development]
+            tls = "hello"
+        "#.to_string(), TEST_CONFIG_FILENAME).is_err());
+
+        assert!(RocketConfig::parse(r#"
+            [development]
+            tls = { certs = "some/path.pem" }
+        "#.to_string(), TEST_CONFIG_FILENAME).is_err());
+
+        assert!(RocketConfig::parse(r#"
+            [development]
+            tls = { certs = "some/path.pem", key = "some/key.pem", extra = "bah" }
+        "#.to_string(), TEST_CONFIG_FILENAME).is_err());
+
+        assert!(RocketConfig::parse(r#"
+            [staging]
+            tls = { cert = "some/path.pem", key = "some/key.pem" }
+        "#.to_string(), TEST_CONFIG_FILENAME).is_err());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_good_port_values() {
+        // Take the lock so changing the environment doesn't cause races.
+        let _env_lock = ENV_LOCK.lock().unwrap();
+        env::set_var(CONFIG_ENV, "stage");
+
+        check_config!(RocketConfig::parse(r#"
+                          [stage]
+                          port = 100
+                      "#.to_string(), TEST_CONFIG_FILENAME), {
+                          default_config(Staging).port(100)
+                      });
+
+        check_config!(RocketConfig::parse(r#"
+                          [stage]
+                          port = 6000
+                      "#.to_string(), TEST_CONFIG_FILENAME), {
+                          default_config(Staging).port(6000)
+                      });
+
+        check_config!(RocketConfig::parse(r#"
+                          [stage]
+                          port = 65535
+                      "#.to_string(), TEST_CONFIG_FILENAME), {
+                          default_config(Staging).port(65535)
+                      });
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_bad_port_values() {
+        // Take the lock so changing the environment doesn't cause races.
+        let _env_lock = ENV_LOCK.lock().unwrap();
+        env::remove_var(CONFIG_ENV);
+
+        assert!(RocketConfig::parse(r#"
+            [development]
+            port = true
+        "#.to_string(), TEST_CONFIG_FILENAME).is_err());
+
+        assert!(RocketConfig::parse(r#"
+            [production]
+            port = "hello"
+        "#.to_string(), TEST_CONFIG_FILENAME).is_err());
+
+        assert!(RocketConfig::parse(r#"
+            [staging]
+            port = -1
+        "#.to_string(), TEST_CONFIG_FILENAME).is_err());
+
+        assert!(RocketConfig::parse(r#"
+            [staging]
+            port = 65536
+        "#.to_string(), TEST_CONFIG_FILENAME).is_err());
+
+        assert!(RocketConfig::parse(r#"
+            [staging]
+            port = 105836
+        "#.to_string(), TEST_CONFIG_FILENAME).is_err());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_good_workers_values() {
+        // Take the lock so changing the environment doesn't cause races.
+        let _env_lock = ENV_LOCK.lock().unwrap();
+        env::set_var(CONFIG_ENV, "stage");
+
+        check_config!(RocketConfig::parse(r#"
+                          [stage]
+                          workers = 1
+                      "#.to_string(), TEST_CONFIG_FILENAME), {
+                          default_config(Staging).workers(1)
+                      });
+
+        check_config!(RocketConfig::parse(r#"
+                          [stage]
+                          workers = 300
+                      "#.to_string(), TEST_CONFIG_FILENAME), {
+                          default_config(Staging).workers(300)
+                      });
+
+        check_config!(RocketConfig::parse(r#"
+                          [stage]
+                          workers = 65535
+                      "#.to_string(), TEST_CONFIG_FILENAME), {
+                          default_config(Staging).workers(65535)
+                      });
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_bad_workers_values() {
+        // Take the lock so changing the environment doesn't cause races.
+        let _env_lock = ENV_LOCK.lock().unwrap();
+        env::remove_var(CONFIG_ENV);
+
+        assert!(RocketConfig::parse(r#"
+            [development]
+            workers = true
+        "#.to_string(), TEST_CONFIG_FILENAME).is_err());
+
+        assert!(RocketConfig::parse(r#"
+            [production]
+            workers = "hello"
+        "#.to_string(), TEST_CONFIG_FILENAME).is_err());
+
+        assert!(RocketConfig::parse(r#"
+            [staging]
+            workers = -1
+        "#.to_string(), TEST_CONFIG_FILENAME).is_err());
+
+        assert!(RocketConfig::parse(r#"
+            [staging]
+            workers = 65536
+        "#.to_string(), TEST_CONFIG_FILENAME).is_err());
+
+        assert!(RocketConfig::parse(r#"
+            [staging]
+            workers = 105836
+        "#.to_string(), TEST_CONFIG_FILENAME).is_err());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_good_keep_alives_and_timeouts() {
+        // Take the lock so changing the environment doesn't cause races.
+        let _env_lock = ENV_LOCK.lock().unwrap();
+        env::set_var(CONFIG_ENV, "stage");
+
+        check_config!(RocketConfig::parse(r#"
+                          [stage]
+                          keep_alive = 10
+                      "#.to_string(), TEST_CONFIG_FILENAME), {
+                          default_config(Staging).keep_alive(10)
+                      });
+
+        check_config!(RocketConfig::parse(r#"
+                          [stage]
+                          keep_alive = 0
+                      "#.to_string(), TEST_CONFIG_FILENAME), {
+                          default_config(Staging).keep_alive(0)
+                      });
+
+        check_config!(RocketConfig::parse(r#"
+                          [stage]
+                          keep_alive = 348
+                      "#.to_string(), TEST_CONFIG_FILENAME), {
+                          default_config(Staging).keep_alive(348)
+                      });
+
+        check_config!(RocketConfig::parse(r#"
+                          [stage]
+                          keep_alive = 0
+                      "#.to_string(), TEST_CONFIG_FILENAME), {
+                          default_config(Staging).keep_alive(0)
+                      });
+
+        check_config!(RocketConfig::parse(r#"
+                          [stage]
+                          read_timeout = 10
+                      "#.to_string(), TEST_CONFIG_FILENAME), {
+                          default_config(Staging).read_timeout(10)
+                      });
+
+        check_config!(RocketConfig::parse(r#"
+                          [stage]
+                          write_timeout = 4
+                      "#.to_string(), TEST_CONFIG_FILENAME), {
+                          default_config(Staging).write_timeout(4)
+                      });
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_bad_keep_alives_and_timeouts() {
+        // Take the lock so changing the environment doesn't cause races.
+        let _env_lock = ENV_LOCK.lock().unwrap();
+        env::remove_var(CONFIG_ENV);
+
+        assert!(RocketConfig::parse(r#"
+            [dev]
+            keep_alive = true
+        "#.to_string(), TEST_CONFIG_FILENAME).is_err());
+
+        assert!(RocketConfig::parse(r#"
+            [dev]
+            keep_alive = -10
+        "#.to_string(), TEST_CONFIG_FILENAME).is_err());
+
+        assert!(RocketConfig::parse(r#"
+            [dev]
+            keep_alive = "Some(10)"
+        "#.to_string(), TEST_CONFIG_FILENAME).is_err());
+
+        assert!(RocketConfig::parse(r#"
+            [dev]
+            keep_alive = 4294967296
+        "#.to_string(), TEST_CONFIG_FILENAME).is_err());
+
+        assert!(RocketConfig::parse(r#"
+            [dev]
+            read_timeout = true
+        "#.to_string(), TEST_CONFIG_FILENAME).is_err());
+
+        assert!(RocketConfig::parse(r#"
+            [dev]
+            write_timeout = None
+        "#.to_string(), TEST_CONFIG_FILENAME).is_err());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_good_log_levels() {
+        // Take the lock so changing the environment doesn't cause races.
+        let _env_lock = ENV_LOCK.lock().unwrap();
+        env::set_var(CONFIG_ENV, "stage");
+
+        check_config!(RocketConfig::parse(r#"
+                          [stage]
+                          log = "normal"
+                      "#.to_string(), TEST_CONFIG_FILENAME), {
+                          default_config(Staging).log_level(LoggingLevel::Normal)
+                      });
+
+
+        check_config!(RocketConfig::parse(r#"
+                          [stage]
+                          log = "debug"
+                      "#.to_string(), TEST_CONFIG_FILENAME), {
+                          default_config(Staging).log_level(LoggingLevel::Debug)
+                      });
+
+        check_config!(RocketConfig::parse(r#"
+                          [stage]
+                          log = "critical"
+                      "#.to_string(), TEST_CONFIG_FILENAME), {
+                          default_config(Staging).log_level(LoggingLevel::Critical)
+                      });
+
+        check_config!(RocketConfig::parse(r#"
+                          [stage]
+                          log = "off"
+                      "#.to_string(), TEST_CONFIG_FILENAME), {
+                          default_config(Staging).log_level(LoggingLevel::Off)
+                      });
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_bad_log_level_values() {
+        // Take the lock so changing the environment doesn't cause races.
+        let _env_lock = ENV_LOCK.lock().unwrap();
+        env::remove_var(CONFIG_ENV);
+
+        assert!(RocketConfig::parse(r#"
+            [dev]
+            log = false
+        "#.to_string(), TEST_CONFIG_FILENAME).is_err());
+
+        assert!(RocketConfig::parse(r#"
+            [development]
+            log = 0
+        "#.to_string(), TEST_CONFIG_FILENAME).is_err());
+
+        assert!(RocketConfig::parse(r#"
+            [prod]
+            log = "no"
+        "#.to_string(), TEST_CONFIG_FILENAME).is_err());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_good_secret_key() {
+        // Take the lock so changing the environment doesn't cause races.
+        let _env_lock = ENV_LOCK.lock().unwrap();
+        env::set_var(CONFIG_ENV, "stage");
+
+        check_config!(RocketConfig::parse(r#"
+                          [stage]
+                          secret_key = "TpUiXK2d/v5DFxJnWL12suJKPExKR8h9zd/o+E7SU+0="
+                      "#.to_string(), TEST_CONFIG_FILENAME), {
+                          default_config(Staging).secret_key(
+                              "TpUiXK2d/v5DFxJnWL12suJKPExKR8h9zd/o+E7SU+0="
+                          )
+                      });
+
+        check_config!(RocketConfig::parse(r#"
+                          [stage]
+                          secret_key = "jTyprDberFUiUFsJ3vcb1XKsYHWNBRvWAnXTlbTgGFU="
+                      "#.to_string(), TEST_CONFIG_FILENAME), {
+                          default_config(Staging).secret_key(
+                              "jTyprDberFUiUFsJ3vcb1XKsYHWNBRvWAnXTlbTgGFU="
+                          )
+                      });
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_bad_secret_key() {
+        // Take the lock so changing the environment doesn't cause races.
+        let _env_lock = ENV_LOCK.lock().unwrap();
+        env::remove_var(CONFIG_ENV);
+
+        assert!(RocketConfig::parse(r#"
+            [dev]
+            secret_key = true
+        "#.to_string(), TEST_CONFIG_FILENAME).is_err());
+
+        assert!(RocketConfig::parse(r#"
+            [dev]
+            secret_key = 1283724897238945234897
+        "#.to_string(), TEST_CONFIG_FILENAME).is_err());
+
+        assert!(RocketConfig::parse(r#"
+            [dev]
+            secret_key = "abcv"
+        "#.to_string(), TEST_CONFIG_FILENAME).is_err());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_bad_toml() {
+        // Take the lock so changing the environment doesn't cause races.
+        let _env_lock = ENV_LOCK.lock().unwrap();
+        env::remove_var(CONFIG_ENV);
+
+        assert!(RocketConfig::parse(r#"
+            [dev
+        "#.to_string(), TEST_CONFIG_FILENAME).is_err());
+
+        assert!(RocketConfig::parse(r#"
+            [dev]
+            1. = 2
+        "#.to_string(), TEST_CONFIG_FILENAME).is_err());
+
+        assert!(RocketConfig::parse(r#"
+            [dev]
+            secret_key = "abcv" = other
+        "#.to_string(), TEST_CONFIG_FILENAME).is_err());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_global_overrides() {
+        // Take the lock so changing the environment doesn't cause races.
+        let _env_lock = ENV_LOCK.lock().unwrap();
+
+        // Test first that we can override each environment.
+        for env in &Environment::ALL {
+            env::set_var(CONFIG_ENV, env.to_string());
+
+            check_config!(RocketConfig::parse(format!(r#"
+                              [{}]
+                              address = "::1"
+                          "#, GLOBAL_ENV_NAME), TEST_CONFIG_FILENAME), {
+                              default_config(*env).address("::1")
+                          });
+
+            check_config!(RocketConfig::parse(format!(r#"
+                              [{}]
+                              database = "mysql"
+                          "#, GLOBAL_ENV_NAME), TEST_CONFIG_FILENAME), {
+                              default_config(*env).extra("database", "mysql")
+                          });
+
+            check_config!(RocketConfig::parse(format!(r#"
+                              [{}]
+                              port = 3980
+                          "#, GLOBAL_ENV_NAME), TEST_CONFIG_FILENAME), {
+                              default_config(*env).port(3980)
+                          });
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_env_override() {
+        // Take the lock so changing the environment doesn't cause races.
+        let _env_lock = ENV_LOCK.lock().unwrap();
+
+        let pairs = [
+            ("log", "critical"), ("LOG", "debug"), ("PORT", "8110"),
+            ("address", "1.2.3.4"), ("EXTRA_EXTRA", "true"), ("workers", "3")
+        ];
+
+        let check_value = |key: &str, val: &str, config: &Config| {
+            match key {
+                "log" => assert_eq!(config.log_level, val.parse().unwrap()),
+                "port" => assert_eq!(config.port, val.parse().unwrap()),
+                "address" => assert_eq!(config.address, val),
+                "extra_extra" => assert_eq!(config.get_bool(key).unwrap(), true),
+                "workers" => assert_eq!(config.workers, val.parse().unwrap()),
+                _ => panic!("Unexpected key: {}", key)
+            }
+        };
+
+        // Check that setting the environment variable actually changes the
+        // config for the default active and nonactive environments.
+        for &(key, val) in &pairs {
+            env::set_var(format!("ROCKET_{}", key), val);
+
+            let rconfig = active_default().unwrap();
+            // Check that it overrides the active config.
+            for env in &Environment::ALL {
+                env::set_var(CONFIG_ENV, env.to_string());
+                let rconfig = active_default().unwrap();
+                check_value(&*key.to_lowercase(), val, rconfig.active());
+            }
+
+            // And non-active configs.
+            for env in &Environment::ALL {
+                check_value(&*key.to_lowercase(), val, rconfig.get(*env));
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Clear the variables so they don't override for the next test.
+        for &(key, _) in &pairs {
+            env::remove_var(format!("ROCKET_{}", key))
+        }
+
+        // Now we build a config file to test that the environment variables
+        // override configurations from files as well.
+        let toml = r#"
+            [dev]
+            address = "1.2.3.4"
+
+            [stage]
+            address = "2.3.4.5"
+
+            [prod]
+            address = "10.1.1.1"
+
+            [global]
+            address = "1.2.3.4"
+            port = 7810
+            workers = 21
+            log = "normal"
+        "#.to_string();
+
+        // Check that setting the environment variable actually changes the
+        // config for the default active environments.
+        for &(key, val) in &pairs {
+            env::set_var(format!("ROCKET_{}", key), val);
+
+            let r = RocketConfig::parse(toml.clone(), TEST_CONFIG_FILENAME).unwrap();
+            check_value(&*key.to_lowercase(), val, r.active());
+
+            // And non-active configs.
+            for env in &Environment::ALL {
+                check_value(&*key.to_lowercase(), val, r.get(*env));
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Clear the variables so they don't override for the next test.
+        for &(key, _) in &pairs {
+            env::remove_var(format!("ROCKET_{}", key))
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/config/toml_ext.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/config/toml_ext.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..89d35f6d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/config/toml_ext.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+use std::fmt;
+use std::result::Result as StdResult;
+
+use config::Value;
+
+use pear::{Result, parser, switch};
+use pear::parsers::*;
+use pear::combinators::*;
+
+#[inline(always)]
+pub fn is_whitespace(byte: char) -> bool {
+    byte == ' ' || byte == '\t'
+}
+
+#[inline(always)]
+fn is_not_separator(byte: char) -> bool {
+    match byte {
+        ',' | '{' | '}' | '[' | ']' => false,
+        _ => true
+    }
+}
+
+// FIXME: Be more permissive here?
+#[inline(always)]
+fn is_ident_char(byte: char) -> bool {
+    match byte {
+        '0'..='9' | 'A'..='Z' | 'a'..='z' | '_' | '-' => true,
+        _ => false
+    }
+}
+
+#[parser]
+fn array<'a>(input: &mut &'a str) -> Result<Value, &'a str> {
+    Value::Array(collection('[', value, ',', ']')?)
+}
+
+#[parser]
+fn key<'a>(input: &mut &'a str) -> Result<String, &'a str> {
+    take_some_while(is_ident_char)?.to_string()
+}
+
+#[parser]
+fn key_value<'a>(input: &mut &'a str) -> Result<(String, Value), &'a str> {
+    let key = (surrounded(key, is_whitespace)?, eat('=')?).0.to_string();
+    (key, surrounded(value, is_whitespace)?)
+}
+
+#[parser]
+fn table<'a>(input: &mut &'a str) -> Result<Value, &'a str> {
+    Value::Table(collection('{', key_value, ',', '}')?)
+}
+
+#[parser]
+fn value<'a>(input: &mut &'a str) -> Result<Value, &'a str> {
+    skip_while(is_whitespace)?;
+    let val = switch! {
+        eat_slice("true") => Value::Boolean(true),
+        eat_slice("false") => Value::Boolean(false),
+        peek('{') => table()?,
+        peek('[') => array()?,
+        peek('"') => Value::String(delimited('"', |_| true, '"')?.to_string()),
+        _ => {
+            let value_str = take_some_while(is_not_separator)?;
+            if let Ok(int) = value_str.parse::<i64>() {
+                Value::Integer(int)
+            } else if let Ok(float) = value_str.parse::<f64>() {
+                Value::Float(float)
+            } else {
+                Value::String(value_str.into())
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    skip_while(is_whitespace)?;
+    val
+}
+
+pub fn parse_simple_toml_value(mut input: &str) -> StdResult<Value, String> {
+    parse!(value: &mut input).map_err(|e| e.to_string())
+}
+
+/// A simple wrapper over a `Value` reference with a custom implementation of
+/// `Display`. This is used to log config values at initialization.
+pub(crate) struct LoggedValue<'a>(pub &'a Value);
+
+impl<'a> fmt::Display for LoggedValue<'a> {
+    #[inline]
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+        use config::Value::*;
+        match *self.0 {
+            String(_) | Integer(_) | Float(_) | Boolean(_) | Datetime(_) | Array(_) => {
+                self.0.fmt(f)
+            }
+            Table(ref map) => {
+                write!(f, "{{ ")?;
+                for (i, (key, val)) in map.iter().enumerate() {
+                    write!(f, "{} = {}", key, LoggedValue(val))?;
+                    if i != map.len() - 1 { write!(f, ", ")?; }
+                }
+
+                write!(f, " }}")
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+    use std::collections::BTreeMap;
+    use super::parse_simple_toml_value;
+    use super::Value::{self, *};
+
+    macro_rules! assert_parse {
+        ($string:expr, $value:expr) => (
+            match parse_simple_toml_value($string) {
+                Ok(value) => assert_eq!(value, $value),
+                Err(e) => panic!("{:?} failed to parse: {:?}", $string, e)
+            };
+        )
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn parse_toml_values() {
+        assert_parse!("1", Integer(1));
+        assert_parse!("1.32", Float(1.32));
+        assert_parse!("true", Boolean(true));
+        assert_parse!("false", Boolean(false));
+        assert_parse!("\"hello, WORLD!\"", String("hello, WORLD!".into()));
+        assert_parse!("hi", String("hi".into()));
+        assert_parse!("\"hi\"", String("hi".into()));
+
+        assert_parse!("[]", Array(Vec::new()));
+        assert_parse!("[1]", vec![1].into());
+        assert_parse!("[1, 2, 3]", vec![1, 2, 3].into());
+        assert_parse!("[1.32, 2]", Array(vec![1.32.into(), 2.into()]));
+
+        assert_parse!("{}", Table(BTreeMap::new()));
+
+        assert_parse!("{a=b}", Table({
+            let mut map = BTreeMap::new();
+            map.insert("a".into(), "b".into());
+            map
+        }));
+
+        assert_parse!("{v=1, on=true,pi=3.14}", Table({
+            let mut map = BTreeMap::new();
+            map.insert("v".into(), 1.into());
+            map.insert("on".into(), true.into());
+            map.insert("pi".into(), 3.14.into());
+            map
+        }));
+
+        assert_parse!("{v=[1, 2, 3], v2=[a, \"b\"], on=true,pi=3.14}", Table({
+            let mut map = BTreeMap::new();
+            map.insert("v".into(), vec![1, 2, 3].into());
+            map.insert("v2".into(), vec!["a", "b"].into());
+            map.insert("on".into(), true.into());
+            map.insert("pi".into(), 3.14.into());
+            map
+        }));
+
+        assert_parse!("{v=[[1], [2, 3], [4,5]]}", Table({
+            let mut map = BTreeMap::new();
+            let first: Value = vec![1].into();
+            let second: Value = vec![2, 3].into();
+            let third: Value = vec![4, 5].into();
+            map.insert("v".into(), vec![first, second, third].into());
+            map
+        }));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/data/data.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/data/data.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0a4f021f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/data/data.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,282 @@
+use std::io::{self, Read, Write, Cursor, Chain};
+use std::path::Path;
+use std::fs::File;
+use std::time::Duration;
+
+#[cfg(feature = "tls")] use super::net_stream::HttpsStream;
+
+use super::data_stream::{DataStream, kill_stream};
+use super::net_stream::NetStream;
+use ext::ReadExt;
+
+use http::hyper;
+use http::hyper::h1::HttpReader;
+use http::hyper::h1::HttpReader::*;
+use http::hyper::net::{HttpStream, NetworkStream};
+
+pub type HyperBodyReader<'a, 'b> =
+    self::HttpReader<&'a mut hyper::buffer::BufReader<&'b mut dyn NetworkStream>>;
+
+//                              |---- from hyper ----|
+pub type BodyReader = HttpReader<Chain<Cursor<Vec<u8>>, NetStream>>;
+
+/// The number of bytes to read into the "peek" buffer.
+const PEEK_BYTES: usize = 512;
+
+/// Type representing the data in the body of an incoming request.
+///
+/// This type is the only means by which the body of a request can be retrieved.
+/// This type is not usually used directly. Instead, types that implement
+/// [`FromData`](::data::Data) are used via code generation by specifying the
+/// `data = "<var>"` route parameter as follows:
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// # #![feature(proc_macro_hygiene, decl_macro)]
+/// # #[macro_use] extern crate rocket;
+/// # type DataGuard = ::rocket::data::Data;
+/// #[post("/submit", data = "<var>")]
+/// fn submit(var: DataGuard) { /* ... */ }
+/// # fn main() { }
+/// ```
+///
+/// Above, `DataGuard` can be any type that implements `FromData`. Note that
+/// `Data` itself implements `FromData`.
+///
+/// # Reading Data
+///
+/// Data may be read from a `Data` object by calling either the
+/// [`open()`](Data::open()) or [`peek()`](Data::peek()) methods.
+///
+/// The `open` method consumes the `Data` object and returns the raw data
+/// stream. The `Data` object is consumed for safety reasons: consuming the
+/// object ensures that holding a `Data` object means that all of the data is
+/// available for reading.
+///
+/// The `peek` method returns a slice containing at most 512 bytes of buffered
+/// body data. This enables partially or fully reading from a `Data` object
+/// without consuming the `Data` object.
+pub struct Data {
+    buffer: Vec<u8>,
+    is_complete: bool,
+    stream: BodyReader,
+}
+
+impl Data {
+    /// Returns the raw data stream.
+    ///
+    /// The stream contains all of the data in the body of the request,
+    /// including that in the `peek` buffer. The method consumes the `Data`
+    /// instance. This ensures that a `Data` type _always_ represents _all_ of
+    /// the data in a request.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::Data;
+    ///
+    /// fn handler(data: Data) {
+    ///     let stream = data.open();
+    /// }
+    /// ```
+    pub fn open(mut self) -> DataStream {
+        let buffer = ::std::mem::replace(&mut self.buffer, vec![]);
+        let empty_stream = Cursor::new(vec![]).chain(NetStream::Empty);
+
+        // FIXME: Insert a `BufReader` in front of the `NetStream` with capacity
+        // 4096. We need the new `Chain` methods to get the inner reader to
+        // actually do this, however.
+        let empty_http_stream = HttpReader::SizedReader(empty_stream, 0);
+        let stream = ::std::mem::replace(&mut self.stream, empty_http_stream);
+        DataStream(Cursor::new(buffer).chain(stream))
+    }
+
+    // FIXME: This is absolutely terrible (downcasting!), thanks to Hyper.
+    pub(crate) fn from_hyp(
+        req: &crate::Request<'_>,
+        mut body: HyperBodyReader
+    ) -> Result<Data, &'static str> {
+        #[inline(always)]
+        #[cfg(feature = "tls")]
+        fn concrete_stream(stream: &mut dyn NetworkStream) -> Option<NetStream> {
+            stream.downcast_ref::<HttpsStream>()
+                .map(|s| NetStream::Https(s.clone()))
+                .or_else(|| {
+                    stream.downcast_ref::<HttpStream>()
+                        .map(|s| NetStream::Http(s.clone()))
+                })
+        }
+
+        #[inline(always)]
+        #[cfg(not(feature = "tls"))]
+        fn concrete_stream(stream: &mut dyn NetworkStream) -> Option<NetStream> {
+            stream.downcast_ref::<HttpStream>()
+                .map(|s| NetStream::Http(s.clone()))
+        }
+
+        // Retrieve the underlying Http(s)Stream from Hyper.
+        let net_stream = match concrete_stream(*body.get_mut().get_mut()) {
+            Some(net_stream) => net_stream,
+            None => return Err("Stream is not an HTTP(s) stream!")
+        };
+
+        // Set the read timeout to 5 seconds.
+        let timeout = req.state.config.read_timeout.map(|s| Duration::from_secs(s as u64));
+        let _ = net_stream.set_read_timeout(timeout);
+
+        // Steal the internal, undecoded data buffer from Hyper.
+        let (mut hyper_buf, pos, cap) = body.get_mut().take_buf();
+        hyper_buf.truncate(cap); // slow, but safe
+        let mut cursor = Cursor::new(hyper_buf);
+        cursor.set_position(pos as u64);
+
+        // Create an HTTP reader from the buffer + stream.
+        let inner_data = cursor.chain(net_stream);
+        let http_stream = match body {
+            SizedReader(_, n) => SizedReader(inner_data, n),
+            EofReader(_) => EofReader(inner_data),
+            EmptyReader(_) => EmptyReader(inner_data),
+            ChunkedReader(_, n) => ChunkedReader(inner_data, n)
+        };
+
+        Ok(Data::new(http_stream))
+    }
+
+    /// Retrieve the `peek` buffer.
+    ///
+    /// The peek buffer contains at most 512 bytes of the body of the request.
+    /// The actual size of the returned buffer varies by web request. The
+    /// [`peek_complete`](#method.peek_complete) method can be used to determine
+    /// if this buffer contains _all_ of the data in the body of the request.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::Data;
+    ///
+    /// fn handler(data: Data) {
+    ///     let peek = data.peek();
+    /// }
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn peek(&self) -> &[u8] {
+        if self.buffer.len() > PEEK_BYTES {
+            &self.buffer[..PEEK_BYTES]
+        } else {
+            &self.buffer
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns true if the `peek` buffer contains all of the data in the body
+    /// of the request. Returns `false` if it does not or if it is not known if
+    /// it does.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::Data;
+    ///
+    /// fn handler(data: Data) {
+    ///     if data.peek_complete() {
+    ///         println!("All of the data: {:?}", data.peek());
+    ///     }
+    /// }
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn peek_complete(&self) -> bool {
+        self.is_complete
+    }
+
+    /// A helper method to write the body of the request to any `Write` type.
+    ///
+    /// This method is identical to `io::copy(&mut data.open(), writer)`.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use std::io;
+    /// use rocket::Data;
+    ///
+    /// fn handler(mut data: Data) -> io::Result<String> {
+    ///     // write all of the data to stdout
+    ///     data.stream_to(&mut io::stdout())
+    ///         .map(|n| format!("Wrote {} bytes.", n))
+    /// }
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn stream_to<W: Write>(self, writer: &mut W) -> io::Result<u64> {
+        io::copy(&mut self.open(), writer)
+    }
+
+    /// A helper method to write the body of the request to a file at the path
+    /// determined by `path`.
+    ///
+    /// This method is identical to
+    /// `io::copy(&mut self.open(), &mut File::create(path)?)`.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use std::io;
+    /// use rocket::Data;
+    ///
+    /// fn handler(mut data: Data) -> io::Result<String> {
+    ///     data.stream_to_file("/static/file")
+    ///         .map(|n| format!("Wrote {} bytes to /static/file", n))
+    /// }
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn stream_to_file<P: AsRef<Path>>(self, path: P) -> io::Result<u64> {
+        io::copy(&mut self.open(), &mut File::create(path)?)
+    }
+
+    // Creates a new data object with an internal buffer `buf`, where the cursor
+    // in the buffer is at `pos` and the buffer has `cap` valid bytes. Thus, the
+    // bytes `vec[pos..cap]` are buffered and unread. The remainder of the data
+    // bytes can be read from `stream`.
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub(crate) fn new(mut stream: BodyReader) -> Data {
+        trace_!("Data::new({:?})", stream);
+        let mut peek_buf: Vec<u8> = vec![0; PEEK_BYTES];
+
+        // Fill the buffer with as many bytes as possible. If we read less than
+        // that buffer's length, we know we reached the EOF. Otherwise, it's
+        // unclear, so we just say we didn't reach EOF.
+        let eof = match stream.read_max(&mut peek_buf[..]) {
+            Ok(n) => {
+                trace_!("Filled peek buf with {} bytes.", n);
+                // We can use `set_len` here instead of `truncate`, but we'll
+                // take the performance hit to avoid `unsafe`. All of this code
+                // should go away when we migrate away from hyper 0.10.x.
+                peek_buf.truncate(n);
+                n < PEEK_BYTES
+            }
+            Err(e) => {
+                error_!("Failed to read into peek buffer: {:?}.", e);
+                // Likewise here as above.
+                peek_buf.truncate(0);
+                false
+            },
+        };
+
+        trace_!("Peek bytes: {}/{} bytes.", peek_buf.len(), PEEK_BYTES);
+        Data { buffer: peek_buf, stream, is_complete: eof }
+    }
+
+    /// This creates a `data` object from a local data source `data`.
+    #[inline]
+    pub(crate) fn local(data: Vec<u8>) -> Data {
+        let empty_stream = Cursor::new(vec![]).chain(NetStream::Empty);
+
+        Data {
+            buffer: data,
+            stream: HttpReader::SizedReader(empty_stream, 0),
+            is_complete: true,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Drop for Data {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        kill_stream(&mut self.stream);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/data/data_stream.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/data/data_stream.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b8f36f58
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/data/data_stream.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+use std::io::{self, Read, Cursor, Chain};
+use std::net::Shutdown;
+
+use super::data::BodyReader;
+use http::hyper::net::NetworkStream;
+use http::hyper::h1::HttpReader;
+
+//                          |-- peek buf --|
+pub type InnerStream = Chain<Cursor<Vec<u8>>, BodyReader>;
+
+/// Raw data stream of a request body.
+///
+/// This stream can only be obtained by calling
+/// [`Data::open()`](::data::Data::open()). The stream contains all of the data
+/// in the body of the request. It exposes no methods directly. Instead, it must
+/// be used as an opaque [`Read`] structure.
+pub struct DataStream(pub(crate) InnerStream);
+
+// TODO: Have a `BufRead` impl for `DataStream`. At the moment, this isn't
+// possible since Hyper's `HttpReader` doesn't implement `BufRead`.
+impl Read for DataStream {
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn read(&mut self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
+        trace_!("DataStream::read()");
+        self.0.read(buf)
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn kill_stream(stream: &mut BodyReader) {
+    // Only do the expensive reading if we're not sure we're done.
+    use self::HttpReader::*;
+    match *stream {
+        SizedReader(_, n) | ChunkedReader(_, Some(n)) if n > 0 => { /* continue */ },
+        _ => return
+    };
+
+    // Take <= 1k from the stream. If there might be more data, force close.
+    const FLUSH_LEN: u64 = 1024;
+    match io::copy(&mut stream.take(FLUSH_LEN), &mut io::sink()) {
+        Ok(FLUSH_LEN) | Err(_) => {
+            warn_!("Data left unread. Force closing network stream.");
+            let (_, network) = stream.get_mut().get_mut();
+            if let Err(e) = network.close(Shutdown::Read) {
+                error_!("Failed to close network stream: {:?}", e);
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(n) => debug!("flushed {} unread bytes", n)
+    }
+}
+
+impl Drop for DataStream {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        kill_stream(&mut self.0.get_mut().1);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/data/from_data.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/data/from_data.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a3eb5461
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/data/from_data.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,592 @@
+use std::borrow::Borrow;
+
+use outcome::{self, IntoOutcome};
+use outcome::Outcome::*;
+use http::Status;
+use request::Request;
+use data::Data;
+
+/// Type alias for the `Outcome` of a `FromData` conversion.
+pub type Outcome<S, E> = outcome::Outcome<S, (Status, E), Data>;
+
+impl<'a, S, E> IntoOutcome<S, (Status, E), Data> for Result<S, E> {
+    type Failure = Status;
+    type Forward = Data;
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn into_outcome(self, status: Status) -> Outcome<S, E> {
+        match self {
+            Ok(val) => Success(val),
+            Err(err) => Failure((status, err))
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn or_forward(self, data: Data) -> Outcome<S, E> {
+        match self {
+            Ok(val) => Success(val),
+            Err(_) => Forward(data)
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Indicates how incoming data should be transformed before being parsed and
+/// validated by a data guard.
+///
+/// See the documentation for [`FromData`] for usage details.
+pub enum Transform<T, B = T> {
+    /// Indicates that data should be or has been transformed into the
+    /// [`FromData::Owned`] variant.
+    Owned(T),
+
+    /// Indicates that data should be or has been transformed into the
+    /// [`FromData::Borrowed`] variant.
+    Borrowed(B)
+}
+
+impl<T, B> Transform<T, B> {
+    /// Returns the `Owned` value if `self` is `Owned`.
+    ///
+    /// # Panics
+    ///
+    /// Panics if `self` is `Borrowed`.
+    ///
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::data::Transform;
+    ///
+    /// let owned: Transform<usize, &[usize]> = Transform::Owned(10);
+    /// assert_eq!(owned.owned(), 10);
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn owned(self) -> T {
+        match self {
+            Transform::Owned(val) => val,
+            Transform::Borrowed(_) => panic!("Transform::owned() called on Borrowed"),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the `Borrowed` value if `self` is `Borrowed`.
+    ///
+    /// # Panics
+    ///
+    /// Panics if `self` is `Owned`.
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::data::Transform;
+    ///
+    /// let borrowed: Transform<usize, &[usize]> = Transform::Borrowed(&[10]);
+    /// assert_eq!(borrowed.borrowed(), &[10]);
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn borrowed(self) -> B {
+        match self {
+            Transform::Borrowed(val) => val,
+            Transform::Owned(_) => panic!("Transform::borrowed() called on Owned"),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Type alias to the `outcome` input type of [`FromData::from_data`].
+///
+/// This is a hairy type, but the gist is that this is a [`Transform`] where,
+/// for a given `T: FromData`:
+///
+///   * The `Owned` variant is an `Outcome` whose `Success` value is of type
+///     [`FromData::Owned`].
+///
+///   * The `Borrowed` variant is an `Outcome` whose `Success` value is a borrow
+///     of type [`FromData::Borrowed`].
+///
+///   * In either case, the `Outcome`'s `Failure` variant is a value of type
+///     [`FromData::Error`].
+pub type Transformed<'a, T> =
+    Transform<
+        Outcome<<T as FromData<'a>>::Owned, <T as FromData<'a>>::Error>,
+        Outcome<&'a <T as FromData<'a>>::Borrowed, <T as FromData<'a>>::Error>
+    >;
+
+/// Trait implemented by data guards to derive a value from request body data.
+///
+/// # Data Guards
+///
+/// A data guard is a [request guard] that operates on a request's body data.
+/// Data guards validate, parse, and optionally convert request body data.
+/// Validation and parsing/conversion is implemented through `FromData`. In
+/// other words, every type that implements `FromData` is a data guard.
+///
+/// Data guards are used as the target of the `data` route attribute parameter.
+/// A handler can have at most one data guard.
+///
+/// For many data guards, implementing [`FromDataSimple`] will be simpler and
+/// sufficient. All types that implement `FromDataSimple` automatically
+/// implement `FromData`. Thus, when possible, prefer to implement
+/// [`FromDataSimple`] instead of `FromData`.
+///
+/// [request guard]: ::request::FromRequest
+///
+/// ## Example
+///
+/// In the example below, `var` is used as the argument name for the data guard
+/// type `DataGuard`. When the `submit` route matches, Rocket will call the
+/// `FromData` implementation for the type `T`. The handler will only be called
+/// if the guard returns successfully.
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// # #![feature(proc_macro_hygiene, decl_macro)]
+/// # #[macro_use] extern crate rocket;
+/// # type DataGuard = ::rocket::data::Data;
+/// #[post("/submit", data = "<var>")]
+/// fn submit(var: DataGuard) { /* ... */ }
+/// # fn main() { }
+/// ```
+///
+/// # Transforming
+///
+/// Data guards can optionally _transform_ incoming data before processing it
+/// via an implementation of the [`FromData::transform()`] method. This is
+/// useful when a data guard requires or could benefit from a reference to body
+/// data as opposed to an owned version. If a data guard has no need to operate
+/// on a reference to body data, [`FromDataSimple`] should be implemented
+/// instead; it is simpler to implement and less error prone. All types that
+/// implement `FromDataSimple` automatically implement `FromData`.
+///
+/// When exercising a data guard, Rocket first calls the guard's
+/// [`FromData::transform()`] method and then subsequently calls the guard's
+/// [`FromData::from_data()`] method. Rocket stores data returned by
+/// [`FromData::transform()`] on the stack. If `transform` returns a
+/// [`Transform::Owned`], Rocket moves the data back to the data guard in the
+/// subsequent `from_data` call as a `Transform::Owned`. If instead `transform`
+/// returns a [`Transform::Borrowed`] variant, Rocket calls `borrow()` on the
+/// owned value, producing a borrow of the associated [`FromData::Borrowed`]
+/// type and passing it as a `Transform::Borrowed`.
+///
+/// ## Example
+///
+/// Consider a data guard type that wishes to hold a slice to two different
+/// parts of the incoming data:
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// struct Name<'a> {
+///     first: &'a str,
+///     last: &'a str
+/// }
+/// ```
+///
+/// Without the ability to transform into a borrow, implementing such a data
+/// guard would be impossible. With transformation, however, we can instruct
+/// Rocket to produce a borrow to a `Data` that has been transformed into a
+/// `String` (an `&str`).
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// # #![feature(proc_macro_hygiene, decl_macro)]
+/// # #[macro_use] extern crate rocket;
+/// # #[derive(Debug)]
+/// # struct Name<'a> { first: &'a str, last: &'a str, }
+/// use std::io::{self, Read};
+///
+/// use rocket::{Request, Data, Outcome::*};
+/// use rocket::data::{FromData, Outcome, Transform, Transformed};
+/// use rocket::http::Status;
+///
+/// const NAME_LIMIT: u64 = 256;
+///
+/// enum NameError {
+///     Io(io::Error),
+///     Parse
+/// }
+///
+/// impl<'a> FromData<'a> for Name<'a> {
+///     type Error = NameError;
+///     type Owned = String;
+///     type Borrowed = str;
+///
+///     fn transform(_: &Request, data: Data) -> Transform<Outcome<Self::Owned, Self::Error>> {
+///         let mut stream = data.open().take(NAME_LIMIT);
+///         let mut string = String::with_capacity((NAME_LIMIT / 2) as usize);
+///         let outcome = match stream.read_to_string(&mut string) {
+///             Ok(_) => Success(string),
+///             Err(e) => Failure((Status::InternalServerError, NameError::Io(e)))
+///         };
+///
+///         // Returning `Borrowed` here means we get `Borrowed` in `from_data`.
+///         Transform::Borrowed(outcome)
+///     }
+///
+///     fn from_data(_: &Request, outcome: Transformed<'a, Self>) -> Outcome<Self, Self::Error> {
+///         // Retrieve a borrow to the now transformed `String` (an &str). This
+///         // is only correct because we know we _always_ return a `Borrowed` from
+///         // `transform` above.
+///         let string = outcome.borrowed()?;
+///
+///         // Perform a crude, inefficient parse.
+///         let splits: Vec<&str> = string.split(" ").collect();
+///         if splits.len() != 2 || splits.iter().any(|s| s.is_empty()) {
+///             return Failure((Status::UnprocessableEntity, NameError::Parse));
+///         }
+///
+///         // Return successfully.
+///         Success(Name { first: splits[0], last: splits[1] })
+///     }
+/// }
+/// # #[post("/person", data = "<person>")]
+/// # fn person(person: Name) {  }
+/// # #[post("/person", data = "<person>")]
+/// # fn person2(person: Result<Name, NameError>) {  }
+/// # fn main() {  }
+/// ```
+///
+/// # Outcomes
+///
+/// The returned [`Outcome`] of a `from_data` call determines how the incoming
+/// request will be processed.
+///
+/// * **Success**(S)
+///
+///   If the `Outcome` is [`Success`], then the `Success` value will be used as
+///   the value for the data parameter.  As long as all other parsed types
+///   succeed, the request will be handled by the requesting handler.
+///
+/// * **Failure**(Status, E)
+///
+///   If the `Outcome` is [`Failure`], the request will fail with the given
+///   status code and error. The designated error [`Catcher`](::Catcher) will be
+///   used to respond to the request. Note that users can request types of
+///   `Result<S, E>` and `Option<S>` to catch `Failure`s and retrieve the error
+///   value.
+///
+/// * **Forward**(Data)
+///
+///   If the `Outcome` is [`Forward`], the request will be forwarded to the next
+///   matching request. This requires that no data has been read from the `Data`
+///   parameter. Note that users can request an `Option<S>` to catch `Forward`s.
+///
+/// # Provided Implementations
+///
+/// Rocket implements `FromData` for several built-in types. Their behavior is
+/// documented here.
+///
+///   * **Data**
+///
+///     The identity implementation; simply returns [`Data`] directly.
+///
+///     _This implementation always returns successfully._
+///
+///   * **Option&lt;T>** _where_ **T: FromData**
+///
+///     The type `T` is derived from the incoming data using `T`'s `FromData`
+///     implementation. If the derivation is a `Success`, the derived value is
+///     returned in `Some`. Otherwise, a `None` is returned.
+///
+///     _This implementation always returns successfully._
+///
+///   * **Result&lt;T, T::Error>** _where_ **T: FromData**
+///
+///     The type `T` is derived from the incoming data using `T`'s `FromData`
+///     implementation. If derivation is a `Success`, the value is returned in
+///     `Ok`. If the derivation is a `Failure`, the error value is returned in
+///     `Err`. If the derivation is a `Forward`, the request is forwarded.
+///
+///   * **String**
+///
+///     **Note:** _An implementation of `FromData` for `String` is only available
+///     when compiling in debug mode!_
+///
+///     Reads the entire request body into a `String`. If reading fails, returns
+///     a `Failure` with the corresponding `io::Error`.
+///
+///     **WARNING:** Do **not** use this implementation for anything _but_
+///     debugging. This is because the implementation reads the entire body into
+///     memory; since the user controls the size of the body, this is an obvious
+///     vector for a denial of service attack.
+///
+///   * **Vec&lt;u8>**
+///
+///     **Note:** _An implementation of `FromData` for `Vec<u8>` is only
+///     available when compiling in debug mode!_
+///
+///     Reads the entire request body into a `Vec<u8>`. If reading fails,
+///     returns a `Failure` with the corresponding `io::Error`.
+///
+///     **WARNING:** Do **not** use this implementation for anything _but_
+///     debugging. This is because the implementation reads the entire body into
+///     memory; since the user controls the size of the body, this is an obvious
+///     vector for a denial of service attack.
+///
+/// # Simplified `FromData`
+///
+/// For an example of a type that wouldn't require transformation, see the
+/// [`FromDataSimple`] documentation.
+pub trait FromData<'a>: Sized {
+    /// The associated error to be returned when the guard fails.
+    type Error;
+
+    /// The owned type returned from [`FromData::transform()`].
+    ///
+    /// The trait bounds ensures that it is is possible to borrow an
+    /// `&Self::Borrowed` from a value of this type.
+    type Owned: Borrow<Self::Borrowed>;
+
+    /// The _borrowed_ type consumed by [`FromData::from_data()`] when
+    /// [`FromData::transform()`] returns a [`Transform::Borrowed`].
+    ///
+    /// If [`FromData::from_data()`] returns a [`Transform::Owned`], this
+    /// associated type should be set to `Self::Owned`.
+    type Borrowed: ?Sized;
+
+    /// Transforms `data` into a value of type `Self::Owned`.
+    ///
+    /// If this method returns a `Transform::Owned(Self::Owned)`, then
+    /// `from_data` should subsequently be called with a `data` value of
+    /// `Transform::Owned(Self::Owned)`. If this method returns a
+    /// `Transform::Borrowed(Self::Owned)`, `from_data` should subsequently be
+    /// called with a `data` value of `Transform::Borrowed(&Self::Borrowed)`. In
+    /// other words, the variant of `Transform` returned from this method is
+    /// used to determine which variant of `Transform` should be passed to the
+    /// `from_data` method. Rocket _always_ makes the subsequent call correctly.
+    ///
+    /// It is very unlikely that a correct implementation of this method is
+    /// capable of returning either of an `Owned` or `Borrowed` variant.
+    /// Instead, this method should return exactly _one_ of these variants.
+    ///
+    /// If transformation succeeds, an outcome of `Success` is returned.
+    /// If the data is not appropriate given the type of `Self`, `Forward` is
+    /// returned. On failure, `Failure` is returned.
+    fn transform(request: &Request, data: Data) -> Transform<Outcome<Self::Owned, Self::Error>>;
+
+    /// Validates, parses, and converts the incoming request body data into an
+    /// instance of `Self`.
+    ///
+    /// If validation and parsing succeeds, an outcome of `Success` is returned.
+    /// If the data is not appropriate given the type of `Self`, `Forward` is
+    /// returned. If parsing or validation fails, `Failure` is returned.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// When implementing this method, you rarely need to destruct the `outcome`
+    /// parameter. Instead, the first line of the method should be one of the
+    /// following:
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # use rocket::data::{Data, FromData, Transformed, Outcome};
+    /// # fn f<'a>(outcome: Transformed<'a, Data>) -> Outcome<Data, <Data as FromData<'a>>::Error> {
+    /// // If `Owned` was returned from `transform`:
+    /// let data = outcome.owned()?;
+    /// # unimplemented!()
+    /// # }
+    ///
+    /// # fn g<'a>(outcome: Transformed<'a, Data>) -> Outcome<Data, <Data as FromData<'a>>::Error> {
+    /// // If `Borrowed` was returned from `transform`:
+    /// let data = outcome.borrowed()?;
+    /// # unimplemented!()
+    /// # }
+    /// ```
+    fn from_data(request: &Request, outcome: Transformed<'a, Self>) -> Outcome<Self, Self::Error>;
+}
+
+/// The identity implementation of `FromData`. Always returns `Success`.
+impl<'f> FromData<'f> for Data {
+    type Error = !;
+    type Owned = Data;
+    type Borrowed = Data;
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn transform(_: &Request, data: Data) -> Transform<Outcome<Self::Owned, Self::Error>> {
+        Transform::Owned(Success(data))
+    }
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn from_data(_: &Request, outcome: Transformed<'f, Self>) -> Outcome<Self, Self::Error> {
+        Success(outcome.owned()?)
+    }
+}
+
+/// A simple, less complex variant of [`FromData`].
+///
+/// When transformation of incoming data isn't required, data guards should
+/// implement this trait instead of [`FromData`]. Any type that implements
+/// `FromDataSimple` automatically implements `FromData`. For a description of
+/// data guards, see the [`FromData`] documentation.
+///
+/// # Example
+///
+/// Say that you have a custom type, `Person`:
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// struct Person {
+///     name: String,
+///     age: u16
+/// }
+/// ```
+///
+/// `Person` has a custom serialization format, so the built-in `Json` type
+/// doesn't suffice. The format is `<name>:<age>` with `Content-Type:
+/// application/x-person`. You'd like to use `Person` as a `FromData` type so
+/// that you can retrieve it directly from a client's request body:
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// # #![feature(proc_macro_hygiene, decl_macro)]
+/// # #[macro_use] extern crate rocket;
+/// # type Person = ::rocket::data::Data;
+/// #[post("/person", data = "<person>")]
+/// fn person(person: Person) -> &'static str {
+///     "Saved the new person to the database!"
+/// }
+/// ```
+///
+/// A `FromDataSimple` implementation allowing this looks like:
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// # #![feature(proc_macro_hygiene, decl_macro)]
+/// # #[macro_use] extern crate rocket;
+/// #
+/// # #[derive(Debug)]
+/// # struct Person { name: String, age: u16 }
+/// #
+/// use std::io::Read;
+///
+/// use rocket::{Request, Data, Outcome, Outcome::*};
+/// use rocket::data::{self, FromDataSimple};
+/// use rocket::http::{Status, ContentType};
+///
+/// // Always use a limit to prevent DoS attacks.
+/// const LIMIT: u64 = 256;
+///
+/// impl FromDataSimple for Person {
+///     type Error = String;
+///
+///     fn from_data(req: &Request, data: Data) -> data::Outcome<Self, String> {
+///         // Ensure the content type is correct before opening the data.
+///         let person_ct = ContentType::new("application", "x-person");
+///         if req.content_type() != Some(&person_ct) {
+///             return Outcome::Forward(data);
+///         }
+///
+///         // Read the data into a String.
+///         let mut string = String::new();
+///         if let Err(e) = data.open().take(LIMIT).read_to_string(&mut string) {
+///             return Failure((Status::InternalServerError, format!("{:?}", e)));
+///         }
+///
+///         // Split the string into two pieces at ':'.
+///         let (name, age) = match string.find(':') {
+///             Some(i) => (string[..i].to_string(), &string[(i + 1)..]),
+///             None => return Failure((Status::UnprocessableEntity, "':'".into()))
+///         };
+///
+///         // Parse the age.
+///         let age: u16 = match age.parse() {
+///             Ok(age) => age,
+///             Err(_) => return Failure((Status::UnprocessableEntity, "Age".into()))
+///         };
+///
+///         // Return successfully.
+///         Success(Person { name, age })
+///     }
+/// }
+/// # #[post("/person", data = "<person>")]
+/// # fn person(person: Person) {  }
+/// # #[post("/person", data = "<person>")]
+/// # fn person2(person: Result<Person, String>) {  }
+/// # fn main() {  }
+/// ```
+pub trait FromDataSimple: Sized {
+    /// The associated error to be returned when the guard fails.
+    type Error;
+
+    /// Validates, parses, and converts an instance of `Self` from the incoming
+    /// request body data.
+    ///
+    /// If validation and parsing succeeds, an outcome of `Success` is returned.
+    /// If the data is not appropriate given the type of `Self`, `Forward` is
+    /// returned. If parsing fails, `Failure` is returned.
+    fn from_data(request: &Request, data: Data) -> Outcome<Self, Self::Error>;
+}
+
+impl<'a, T: FromDataSimple> FromData<'a> for T {
+    type Error = T::Error;
+    type Owned = Data;
+    type Borrowed = Data;
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn transform(_: &Request, d: Data) -> Transform<Outcome<Self::Owned, Self::Error>> {
+        Transform::Owned(Success(d))
+    }
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn from_data(req: &Request, o: Transformed<'a, Self>) -> Outcome<Self, Self::Error> {
+        T::from_data(req, o.owned()?)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a, T: FromData<'a> + 'a> FromData<'a> for Result<T, T::Error> {
+    type Error = T::Error;
+    type Owned = T::Owned;
+    type Borrowed = T::Borrowed;
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn transform(r: &Request, d: Data) -> Transform<Outcome<Self::Owned, Self::Error>> {
+        T::transform(r, d)
+    }
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn from_data(r: &Request, o: Transformed<'a, Self>) -> Outcome<Self, Self::Error> {
+        match T::from_data(r, o) {
+            Success(val) => Success(Ok(val)),
+            Forward(data) => Forward(data),
+            Failure((_, e)) => Success(Err(e)),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a, T: FromData<'a> + 'a> FromData<'a> for Option<T> {
+    type Error = T::Error;
+    type Owned = T::Owned;
+    type Borrowed = T::Borrowed;
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn transform(r: &Request, d: Data) -> Transform<Outcome<Self::Owned, Self::Error>> {
+        T::transform(r, d)
+    }
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn from_data(r: &Request, o: Transformed<'a, Self>) -> Outcome<Self, Self::Error> {
+        match T::from_data(r, o) {
+            Success(val) => Success(Some(val)),
+            Failure(_) | Forward(_) => Success(None),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(debug_assertions)]
+use std::io::{self, Read};
+
+#[cfg(debug_assertions)]
+impl FromDataSimple for String {
+    type Error = io::Error;
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn from_data(_: &Request, data: Data) -> Outcome<Self, Self::Error> {
+        let mut string = String::new();
+        match data.open().read_to_string(&mut string) {
+            Ok(_) => Success(string),
+            Err(e) => Failure((Status::BadRequest, e))
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(debug_assertions)]
+impl FromDataSimple for Vec<u8> {
+    type Error = io::Error;
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn from_data(_: &Request, data: Data) -> Outcome<Self, Self::Error> {
+        let mut bytes = Vec::new();
+        match data.open().read_to_end(&mut bytes) {
+            Ok(_) => Success(bytes),
+            Err(e) => Failure((Status::BadRequest, e))
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/data/mod.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/data/mod.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..20523fac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/data/mod.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+//! Types and traits for handling incoming body data.
+
+mod data;
+mod data_stream;
+mod net_stream;
+mod from_data;
+
+pub use self::data::Data;
+pub use self::data_stream::DataStream;
+pub use self::from_data::{FromData, FromDataSimple, Outcome, Transform, Transformed};
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/data/net_stream.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/data/net_stream.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c9bdedd7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/data/net_stream.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+use std::io;
+use std::net::{SocketAddr, Shutdown};
+use std::time::Duration;
+
+#[cfg(feature = "tls")] use http::tls::{WrappedStream, ServerSession};
+use http::hyper::net::{HttpStream, NetworkStream};
+
+use self::NetStream::*;
+
+#[cfg(feature = "tls")] pub type HttpsStream = WrappedStream<ServerSession>;
+
+// This is a representation of all of the possible network streams we might get.
+// This really shouldn't be necessary, but, you know, Hyper.
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub enum NetStream {
+    Http(HttpStream),
+    #[cfg(feature = "tls")]
+    Https(HttpsStream),
+    Empty,
+}
+
+impl io::Read for NetStream {
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn read(&mut self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
+        trace_!("NetStream::read()");
+        let res = match *self {
+            Http(ref mut stream) => stream.read(buf),
+            #[cfg(feature = "tls")] Https(ref mut stream) => stream.read(buf),
+            Empty => Ok(0),
+        };
+
+        trace_!("NetStream::read() -- complete");
+        res
+    }
+}
+
+impl io::Write for NetStream {
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn write(&mut self, buf: &[u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
+        trace_!("NetStream::write()");
+        match *self {
+            Http(ref mut stream) => stream.write(buf),
+            #[cfg(feature = "tls")] Https(ref mut stream) => stream.write(buf),
+            Empty => Ok(0),
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn flush(&mut self) -> io::Result<()> {
+        match *self {
+            Http(ref mut stream) => stream.flush(),
+            #[cfg(feature = "tls")] Https(ref mut stream) => stream.flush(),
+            Empty => Ok(()),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl NetworkStream for NetStream {
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn peer_addr(&mut self) -> io::Result<SocketAddr> {
+        match *self {
+            Http(ref mut stream) => stream.peer_addr(),
+            #[cfg(feature = "tls")] Https(ref mut stream) => stream.peer_addr(),
+            Empty => Err(io::Error::from(io::ErrorKind::AddrNotAvailable)),
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn set_read_timeout(&self, dur: Option<Duration>) -> io::Result<()> {
+        match *self {
+            Http(ref stream) => stream.set_read_timeout(dur),
+            #[cfg(feature = "tls")] Https(ref stream) => stream.set_read_timeout(dur),
+            Empty => Ok(()),
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn set_write_timeout(&self, dur: Option<Duration>) -> io::Result<()> {
+        match *self {
+            Http(ref stream) => stream.set_write_timeout(dur),
+            #[cfg(feature = "tls")] Https(ref stream) => stream.set_write_timeout(dur),
+            Empty => Ok(()),
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn close(&mut self, how: Shutdown) -> io::Result<()> {
+        match *self {
+            Http(ref mut stream) => stream.close(how),
+            #[cfg(feature = "tls")] Https(ref mut stream) => stream.close(how),
+            Empty => Ok(()),
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/error.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/error.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bb14d5a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/error.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,265 @@
+//! Types representing various errors that can occur in a Rocket application.
+
+use std::{io, fmt};
+use std::sync::atomic::{Ordering, AtomicBool};
+use std::error::Error;
+
+use yansi::Paint;
+
+use http::hyper;
+use router::Route;
+
+/// The kind of launch error that occurred.
+///
+/// In almost every instance, a launch error occurs because of an I/O error;
+/// this is represented by the `Io` variant. A launch error may also occur
+/// because of ill-defined routes that lead to collisions or because a fairing
+/// encountered an error; these are represented by the `Collision` and
+/// `FailedFairing` variants, respectively. The `Unknown` variant captures all
+/// other kinds of launch errors.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub enum LaunchErrorKind {
+    /// Binding to the provided address/port failed.
+    Bind(hyper::Error),
+    /// An I/O error occurred during launch.
+    Io(io::Error),
+    /// Route collisions were detected.
+    Collision(Vec<(Route, Route)>),
+    /// A launch fairing reported an error.
+    FailedFairings(Vec<&'static str>),
+    /// An otherwise uncategorized error occurred during launch.
+    Unknown(Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>)
+}
+
+/// An error that occurs during launch.
+///
+/// A `LaunchError` is returned by [`launch()`](::Rocket::launch()) when
+/// launching an application fails.
+///
+/// # Panics
+///
+/// A value of this type panics if it is dropped without first being inspected.
+/// An _inspection_ occurs when any method is called. For instance, if
+/// `println!("Error: {}", e)` is called, where `e: LaunchError`, the
+/// `Display::fmt` method being called by `println!` results in `e` being marked
+/// as inspected; a subsequent `drop` of the value will _not_ result in a panic.
+/// The following snippet illustrates this:
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// # if false {
+/// let error = rocket::ignite().launch();
+///
+/// // This line is only reached if launching failed. This "inspects" the error.
+/// println!("Launch failed! Error: {}", error);
+///
+/// // This call to drop (explicit here for demonstration) will do nothing.
+/// drop(error);
+/// # }
+/// ```
+///
+/// When a value of this type panics, the corresponding error message is pretty
+/// printed to the console. The following illustrates this:
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// # if false {
+/// let error = rocket::ignite().launch();
+///
+/// // This call to drop (explicit here for demonstration) will result in
+/// // `error` being pretty-printed to the console along with a `panic!`.
+/// drop(error);
+/// # }
+/// ```
+///
+/// # Usage
+///
+/// A `LaunchError` value should usually be allowed to `drop` without
+/// inspection. There are two exceptions to this suggestion.
+///
+///   1. If you are writing a library or high-level application on-top of
+///      Rocket, you likely want to inspect the value before it drops to avoid a
+///      Rocket-specific `panic!`. This typically means simply printing the
+///      value.
+///
+///   2. You want to display your own error messages.
+pub struct LaunchError {
+    handled: AtomicBool,
+    kind: LaunchErrorKind
+}
+
+impl LaunchError {
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub(crate) fn new(kind: LaunchErrorKind) -> LaunchError {
+        LaunchError { handled: AtomicBool::new(false), kind }
+    }
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn was_handled(&self) -> bool {
+        self.handled.load(Ordering::Acquire)
+    }
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn mark_handled(&self) {
+        self.handled.store(true, Ordering::Release)
+    }
+
+    /// Retrieve the `kind` of the launch error.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # if false {
+    /// let error = rocket::ignite().launch();
+    ///
+    /// // This line is only reached if launch failed.
+    /// let error_kind = error.kind();
+    /// # }
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn kind(&self) -> &LaunchErrorKind {
+        self.mark_handled();
+        &self.kind
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<hyper::Error> for LaunchError {
+    #[inline]
+    fn from(error: hyper::Error) -> LaunchError {
+        match error {
+            hyper::Error::Io(e) => LaunchError::new(LaunchErrorKind::Io(e)),
+            e => LaunchError::new(LaunchErrorKind::Unknown(Box::new(e)))
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<io::Error> for LaunchError {
+    #[inline]
+    fn from(error: io::Error) -> LaunchError {
+        LaunchError::new(LaunchErrorKind::Io(error))
+    }
+}
+
+impl fmt::Display for LaunchErrorKind {
+    #[inline]
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+        match *self {
+            LaunchErrorKind::Bind(ref e) => write!(f, "binding failed: {}", e),
+            LaunchErrorKind::Io(ref e) => write!(f, "I/O error: {}", e),
+            LaunchErrorKind::Collision(_) => write!(f, "route collisions detected"),
+            LaunchErrorKind::FailedFairings(_) => write!(f, "a launch fairing failed"),
+            LaunchErrorKind::Unknown(ref e) => write!(f, "unknown error: {}", e)
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl fmt::Debug for LaunchError {
+    #[inline]
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+        self.mark_handled();
+        self.kind().fmt(f)
+    }
+}
+
+impl fmt::Display for LaunchError {
+    #[inline]
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+        self.mark_handled();
+        write!(f, "{}", self.kind())
+    }
+}
+
+impl ::std::error::Error for LaunchError {
+    #[inline]
+    fn description(&self) -> &str {
+        self.mark_handled();
+        match *self.kind() {
+            LaunchErrorKind::Bind(_) => "failed to bind to given address/port",
+            LaunchErrorKind::Io(_) => "an I/O error occurred during launch",
+            LaunchErrorKind::Collision(_) => "route collisions were detected",
+            LaunchErrorKind::FailedFairings(_) => "a launch fairing reported an error",
+            LaunchErrorKind::Unknown(_) => "an unknown error occurred during launch"
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Drop for LaunchError {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        if self.was_handled() {
+            return
+        }
+
+        match *self.kind() {
+            LaunchErrorKind::Bind(ref e) => {
+                error!("Rocket failed to bind network socket to given address/port.");
+                panic!("{}", e);
+            }
+            LaunchErrorKind::Io(ref e) => {
+                error!("Rocket failed to launch due to an I/O error.");
+                panic!("{}", e);
+            }
+            LaunchErrorKind::Collision(ref collisions) => {
+                error!("Rocket failed to launch due to the following routing collisions:");
+                for &(ref a, ref b) in collisions {
+                    info_!("{} {} {}", a, Paint::red("collides with").italic(), b)
+                }
+
+                info_!("Note: Collisions can usually be resolved by ranking routes.");
+                panic!("route collisions detected");
+            }
+            LaunchErrorKind::FailedFairings(ref failures) => {
+                error!("Rocket failed to launch due to failing fairings:");
+                for fairing in failures {
+                    info_!("{}", fairing);
+                }
+
+                panic!("launch fairing failure");
+            }
+            LaunchErrorKind::Unknown(ref e) => {
+                error!("Rocket failed to launch due to an unknown error.");
+                panic!("{}", e);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+use http::uri;
+use http::ext::IntoOwned;
+use http::route::{Error as SegmentError};
+
+/// Error returned by [`set_uri()`](::Route::set_uri()) on invalid URIs.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub enum RouteUriError {
+    /// The base (mount point) or route path contains invalid segments.
+    Segment,
+    /// The route URI is not a valid URI.
+    Uri(uri::Error<'static>),
+    /// The base (mount point) contains dynamic segments.
+    DynamicBase,
+}
+
+impl<'a> From<(&'a str, SegmentError<'a>)> for RouteUriError {
+    fn from(_: (&'a str, SegmentError<'a>)) -> Self {
+        RouteUriError::Segment
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> From<uri::Error<'a>> for RouteUriError {
+    fn from(error: uri::Error<'a>) -> Self {
+        RouteUriError::Uri(error.into_owned())
+    }
+}
+
+impl fmt::Display for RouteUriError {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+        match self {
+            RouteUriError::Segment => {
+                write!(f, "The URI contains malformed dynamic route path segments.")
+            }
+            RouteUriError::DynamicBase => {
+                write!(f, "The mount point contains dynamic parameters.")
+            }
+            RouteUriError::Uri(error) => {
+                write!(f, "Malformed URI: {}", error)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/ext.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/ext.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..32c9ee26
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/ext.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+use std::io;
+
+fn read_max_internal<T: io::Read>(
+    reader: &mut T,
+    mut buf: &mut [u8],
+    wouldblock_flush: bool
+) -> io::Result<(usize, bool)> {
+    let start_len = buf.len();
+    let need_flush = loop {
+        if buf.is_empty() { break false }
+        match reader.read(buf) {
+            Ok(0) => { break true }
+            Ok(n) => { let tmp = buf; buf = &mut tmp[n..]; }
+            Err(e) if e.kind() == io::ErrorKind::Interrupted => {}
+            Err(e) if e.kind() == io::ErrorKind::WouldBlock && wouldblock_flush => { break true },
+            Err(e) => return Err(e),
+        }
+    };
+
+    Ok((start_len - buf.len(), need_flush))
+}
+
+pub trait ReadExt: io::Read + Sized {
+    fn read_max(&mut self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
+        Ok(read_max_internal(self, buf, false)?.0)
+    }
+
+    /// Tries to fill buf with data.  Short reads can occur for EOF or
+    /// flush requests.  With SSE enabled, a flush request occurs if
+    /// the underlying reader returns ErrorKind::Wouldblock
+    fn read_max_wfs(&mut self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> io::Result<(usize, bool)> {
+        read_max_internal(self, buf, cfg!(feature = "sse"))
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: io::Read> ReadExt for T {  }
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/fairing/ad_hoc.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/fairing/ad_hoc.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e03b900e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/fairing/ad_hoc.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+use std::sync::Mutex;
+
+use {Rocket, Request, Response, Data};
+use fairing::{Fairing, Kind, Info};
+
+/// A ad-hoc fairing that can be created from a function or closure.
+///
+/// This enum can be used to create a fairing from a simple function or closure
+/// without creating a new structure or implementing `Fairing` directly.
+///
+/// # Usage
+///
+/// Use the [`on_attach`](#method.on_attach), [`on_launch`](#method.on_launch),
+/// [`on_request`](#method.on_request), or [`on_response`](#method.on_response)
+/// constructors to create an `AdHoc` structure from a function or closure.
+/// Then, simply attach the structure to the `Rocket` instance.
+///
+/// # Example
+///
+/// The following snippet creates a `Rocket` instance with two ad-hoc fairings.
+/// The first, a launch fairing named "Launch Printer", simply prints a message
+/// indicating that the application is about to the launch. The second named
+/// "Put Rewriter", a request fairing, rewrites the method of all requests to be
+/// `PUT`.
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// use rocket::fairing::AdHoc;
+/// use rocket::http::Method;
+///
+/// rocket::ignite()
+///     .attach(AdHoc::on_launch("Launch Printer", |_| {
+///         println!("Rocket is about to launch! Exciting! Here we go...");
+///     }))
+///     .attach(AdHoc::on_request("Put Rewriter", |req, _| {
+///         req.set_method(Method::Put);
+///     }));
+/// ```
+pub struct AdHoc {
+    name: &'static str,
+    kind: AdHocKind,
+}
+
+enum AdHocKind {
+    /// An ad-hoc **attach** fairing. Called when the fairing is attached.
+    Attach(Mutex<Option<Box<dyn FnOnce(Rocket) -> Result<Rocket, Rocket> + Send + 'static>>>),
+    /// An ad-hoc **launch** fairing. Called just before Rocket launches.
+    Launch(Mutex<Option<Box<dyn FnOnce(&Rocket) + Send + 'static>>>),
+    /// An ad-hoc **request** fairing. Called when a request is received.
+    Request(Box<dyn Fn(&mut Request, &Data) + Send + Sync + 'static>),
+    /// An ad-hoc **response** fairing. Called when a response is ready to be
+    /// sent to a client.
+    Response(Box<dyn Fn(&Request, &mut Response) + Send + Sync + 'static>),
+}
+
+impl AdHoc {
+    /// Constructs an `AdHoc` attach fairing named `name`. The function `f` will
+    /// be called by Rocket when this fairing is attached.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::fairing::AdHoc;
+    ///
+    /// // The no-op attach fairing.
+    /// let fairing = AdHoc::on_attach("No-Op", |rocket| Ok(rocket));
+    /// ```
+    pub fn on_attach<F>(name: &'static str, f: F) -> AdHoc
+        where F: FnOnce(Rocket) -> Result<Rocket, Rocket> + Send + 'static
+    {
+        AdHoc { name, kind: AdHocKind::Attach(Mutex::new(Some(Box::new(f)))) }
+    }
+
+    /// Constructs an `AdHoc` launch fairing named `name`. The function `f` will
+    /// be called by Rocket just prior to launching.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::fairing::AdHoc;
+    ///
+    /// // A fairing that prints a message just before launching.
+    /// let fairing = AdHoc::on_launch("Launch Count", |rocket| {
+    ///     println!("Launching in T-3..2..1..");
+    /// });
+    /// ```
+    pub fn on_launch<F>(name: &'static str, f: F) -> AdHoc
+        where F: FnOnce(&Rocket) + Send + 'static
+    {
+        AdHoc { name, kind: AdHocKind::Launch(Mutex::new(Some(Box::new(f)))) }
+    }
+
+    /// Constructs an `AdHoc` request fairing named `name`. The function `f`
+    /// will be called by Rocket when a new request is received.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::fairing::AdHoc;
+    ///
+    /// // The no-op request fairing.
+    /// let fairing = AdHoc::on_request("Dummy", |req, data| {
+    ///     // do something with the request and data...
+    /// #   let (_, _) = (req, data);
+    /// });
+    /// ```
+    pub fn on_request<F>(name: &'static str, f: F) -> AdHoc
+        where F: Fn(&mut Request, &Data) + Send + Sync + 'static
+    {
+        AdHoc { name, kind: AdHocKind::Request(Box::new(f)) }
+    }
+
+    /// Constructs an `AdHoc` response fairing named `name`. The function `f`
+    /// will be called by Rocket when a response is ready to be sent.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::fairing::AdHoc;
+    ///
+    /// // The no-op response fairing.
+    /// let fairing = AdHoc::on_response("Dummy", |req, resp| {
+    ///     // do something with the request and pending response...
+    /// #   let (_, _) = (req, resp);
+    /// });
+    /// ```
+    pub fn on_response<F>(name: &'static str, f: F) -> AdHoc
+        where F: Fn(&Request, &mut Response) + Send + Sync + 'static
+    {
+        AdHoc { name, kind: AdHocKind::Response(Box::new(f)) }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Fairing for AdHoc {
+    fn info(&self) -> Info {
+        let kind = match self.kind {
+            AdHocKind::Attach(_) => Kind::Attach,
+            AdHocKind::Launch(_) => Kind::Launch,
+            AdHocKind::Request(_) => Kind::Request,
+            AdHocKind::Response(_) => Kind::Response,
+        };
+
+        Info { name: self.name, kind }
+    }
+
+    fn on_attach(&self, rocket: Rocket) -> Result<Rocket, Rocket> {
+        if let AdHocKind::Attach(ref mutex) = self.kind {
+            let mut opt = mutex.lock().expect("AdHoc::Attach lock");
+            let f = opt.take().expect("internal error: `on_attach` one-call invariant broken");
+            f(rocket)
+        } else {
+            Ok(rocket)
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn on_launch(&self, rocket: &Rocket) {
+        if let AdHocKind::Launch(ref mutex) = self.kind {
+            let mut opt = mutex.lock().expect("AdHoc::Launch lock");
+            let f = opt.take().expect("internal error: `on_launch` one-call invariant broken");
+            f(rocket)
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn on_request(&self, request: &mut Request, data: &Data) {
+        if let AdHocKind::Request(ref callback) = self.kind {
+            callback(request, data)
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn on_response(&self, request: &Request, response: &mut Response) {
+        if let AdHocKind::Response(ref callback) = self.kind {
+            callback(request, response)
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/fairing/fairings.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/fairing/fairings.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e7b40c39
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/fairing/fairings.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+use {Rocket, Request, Response, Data};
+use fairing::{Fairing, Kind};
+
+use yansi::Paint;
+
+#[derive(Default)]
+pub struct Fairings {
+    all_fairings: Vec<Box<dyn Fairing>>,
+    attach_failures: Vec<&'static str>,
+    // The vectors below hold indices into `all_fairings`.
+    launch: Vec<usize>,
+    request: Vec<usize>,
+    response: Vec<usize>,
+}
+
+impl Fairings {
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn new() -> Fairings {
+        Fairings::default()
+    }
+
+    pub fn attach(&mut self, fairing: Box<dyn Fairing>, mut rocket: Rocket) -> Rocket {
+        // Run the `on_attach` callback if this is an 'attach' fairing.
+        let kind = fairing.info().kind;
+        let name = fairing.info().name;
+        if kind.is(Kind::Attach) {
+            rocket = fairing.on_attach(rocket)
+                .unwrap_or_else(|r| { self.attach_failures.push(name); r })
+        }
+
+        self.add(fairing);
+        rocket
+    }
+
+    fn add(&mut self, fairing: Box<dyn Fairing>) {
+        let kind = fairing.info().kind;
+        if !kind.is_exactly(Kind::Attach) {
+            let index = self.all_fairings.len();
+            self.all_fairings.push(fairing);
+
+            if kind.is(Kind::Launch) { self.launch.push(index); }
+            if kind.is(Kind::Request) { self.request.push(index); }
+            if kind.is(Kind::Response) { self.response.push(index); }
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn append(&mut self, others: Fairings) {
+        for fairing in others.all_fairings {
+            self.add(fairing);
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn handle_launch(&self, rocket: &Rocket) {
+        for &i in &self.launch {
+            self.all_fairings[i].on_launch(rocket);
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn handle_request(&self, req: &mut Request, data: &Data) {
+        for &i in &self.request {
+            self.all_fairings[i].on_request(req, data);
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn handle_response(&self, request: &Request, response: &mut Response) {
+        for &i in &self.response {
+            self.all_fairings[i].on_response(request, response);
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn failures(&self) -> Option<&[&'static str]> {
+        if self.attach_failures.is_empty() {
+            None
+        } else {
+            Some(&self.attach_failures)
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn info_for(&self, kind: &str, fairings: &[usize]) {
+        if !fairings.is_empty() {
+            let num = fairings.len();
+            let names = fairings.iter().cloned()
+                .map(|i| self.all_fairings[i].info().name)
+                .collect::<Vec<_>>()
+                .join(", ");
+
+            info_!("{} {}: {}", Paint::default(num).bold(), kind, Paint::default(names).bold());
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn pretty_print_counts(&self) {
+        if !self.all_fairings.is_empty() {
+            info!("{}{}:", Paint::masked("📡 "), Paint::magenta("Fairings"));
+            self.info_for("launch", &self.launch);
+            self.info_for("request", &self.request);
+            self.info_for("response", &self.response);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/fairing/info_kind.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/fairing/info_kind.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a2a91f06
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/fairing/info_kind.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+use std::ops::BitOr;
+
+/// Information about a [`Fairing`](::fairing::Fairing).
+///
+/// The `name` field is an arbitrary name for a fairing. The `kind` field is a
+/// is an `or`d set of [`Kind`] structures. Rocket uses the values set in `Kind`
+/// to determine which callbacks from a given `Fairing` implementation to
+/// actually call.
+///
+/// # Example
+///
+/// A simple `Info` structure that can be used for a `Fairing` that implements
+/// all four callbacks:
+///
+/// ```
+/// use rocket::fairing::{Info, Kind};
+///
+/// # let _unused_info =
+/// Info {
+///     name: "Example Fairing",
+///     kind: Kind::Attach | Kind::Launch | Kind::Request | Kind::Response
+/// }
+/// # ;
+/// ```
+pub struct Info {
+    /// The name of the fairing.
+    pub name: &'static str,
+    /// A set representing the callbacks the fairing wishes to receive.
+    pub kind: Kind
+}
+
+/// A bitset representing the kinds of callbacks a
+/// [`Fairing`](::fairing::Fairing) wishes to receive.
+///
+/// A fairing can request any combination of any of the following kinds of
+/// callbacks:
+///
+///   * Attach
+///   * Launch
+///   * Request
+///   * Response
+///
+/// Two `Kind` structures can be `or`d together to represent a combination. For
+/// instance, to represent a fairing that is both a launch and request fairing,
+/// use `Kind::Launch | Kind::Request`. Similarly, to represent a fairing that
+/// is only an attach fairing, use `Kind::Attach`.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+pub struct Kind(usize);
+
+#[allow(non_upper_case_globals)]
+impl Kind {
+    /// `Kind` flag representing a request for an 'attach' callback.
+    pub const Attach: Kind = Kind(0b0001);
+    /// `Kind` flag representing a request for a 'launch' callback.
+    pub const Launch: Kind = Kind(0b0010);
+    /// `Kind` flag representing a request for a 'request' callback.
+    pub const Request: Kind = Kind(0b0100);
+    /// `Kind` flag representing a request for a 'response' callback.
+    pub const Response: Kind = Kind(0b1000);
+
+    /// Returns `true` if `self` is a superset of `other`. In other words,
+    /// returns `true` if all of the kinds in `other` are also in `self`.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::fairing::Kind;
+    ///
+    /// let launch_and_req = Kind::Launch | Kind::Request;
+    /// assert!(launch_and_req.is(Kind::Launch | Kind::Request));
+    ///
+    /// assert!(launch_and_req.is(Kind::Launch));
+    /// assert!(launch_and_req.is(Kind::Request));
+    ///
+    /// assert!(!launch_and_req.is(Kind::Response));
+    /// assert!(!launch_and_req.is(Kind::Launch | Kind::Response));
+    /// assert!(!launch_and_req.is(Kind::Launch | Kind::Request | Kind::Response));
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn is(self, other: Kind) -> bool {
+        (other.0 & self.0) == other.0
+    }
+
+    /// Returns `true` if `self` is exactly `other`.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::fairing::Kind;
+    ///
+    /// let launch_and_req = Kind::Launch | Kind::Request;
+    /// assert!(launch_and_req.is_exactly(Kind::Launch | Kind::Request));
+    ///
+    /// assert!(!launch_and_req.is_exactly(Kind::Launch));
+    /// assert!(!launch_and_req.is_exactly(Kind::Request));
+    /// assert!(!launch_and_req.is_exactly(Kind::Response));
+    /// assert!(!launch_and_req.is_exactly(Kind::Launch | Kind::Response));
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn is_exactly(self, other: Kind) -> bool {
+        self.0 == other.0
+    }
+}
+
+impl BitOr for Kind {
+    type Output = Self;
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn bitor(self, rhs: Self) -> Self {
+        Kind(self.0 | rhs.0)
+    }
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/fairing/mod.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/fairing/mod.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e30ef359
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/fairing/mod.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,439 @@
+//! Fairings: callbacks at attach, launch, request, and response time.
+//!
+//! Fairings allow for structured interposition at various points in the
+//! application lifetime. Fairings can be seen as a restricted form of
+//! "middleware". A fairing is an arbitrary structure with methods representing
+//! callbacks that Rocket will run at requested points in a program. You can use
+//! fairings to rewrite or record information about requests and responses, or
+//! to perform an action once a Rocket application has launched.
+//!
+//! To learn more about writing a fairing, see the [`Fairing`] trait
+//! documentation. You can also use [`AdHoc`] to create a fairing on-the-fly
+//! from a closure or function.
+//!
+//! ## Attaching
+//!
+//! You must inform Rocket about fairings that you wish to be active by calling
+//! [`Rocket::attach()`] method on the application's [`Rocket`] instance and
+//! passing in the appropriate [`Fairing`]. For instance, to attach fairings
+//! named `req_fairing` and `res_fairing` to a new Rocket instance, you might
+//! write:
+//!
+//! ```rust
+//! # use rocket::fairing::AdHoc;
+//! # let req_fairing = AdHoc::on_request("Request", |_, _| ());
+//! # let res_fairing = AdHoc::on_response("Response", |_, _| ());
+//! let rocket = rocket::ignite()
+//!     .attach(req_fairing)
+//!     .attach(res_fairing);
+//! ```
+//!
+//! Once a fairing is attached, Rocket will execute it at the appropriate time,
+//! which varies depending on the fairing implementation. See the [`Fairing`]
+//! trait documentation for more information on the dispatching of fairing
+//! methods.
+//!
+//! [`Fairing`]: ::fairing::Fairing
+//!
+//! ## Ordering
+//!
+//! `Fairing`s are executed in the order in which they are attached: the first
+//! attached fairing has its callbacks executed before all others. Because
+//! fairing callbacks may not be commutative, the order in which fairings are
+//! attached may be significant. Because of this, it is important to communicate
+//! to the user every consequence of a fairing.
+//!
+//! Furthermore, a `Fairing` should take care to act locally so that the actions
+//! of other `Fairings` are not jeopardized. For instance, unless it is made
+//! abundantly clear, a fairing should not rewrite every request.
+
+use {Rocket, Request, Response, Data};
+
+mod fairings;
+mod ad_hoc;
+mod info_kind;
+
+pub(crate) use self::fairings::Fairings;
+pub use self::ad_hoc::AdHoc;
+pub use self::info_kind::{Info, Kind};
+
+// We might imagine that a request fairing returns an `Outcome`. If it returns
+// `Success`, we don't do any routing and use that response directly. Same if it
+// returns `Failure`. We only route if it returns `Forward`. I've chosen not to
+// go this direction because I feel like request guards are the correct
+// mechanism to use here. In other words, enabling this at the fairing level
+// encourages implicit handling, a bad practice. Fairings can still, however,
+// return a default `Response` if routing fails via a response fairing. For
+// instance, to automatically handle preflight in CORS, a response fairing can
+// check that the user didn't handle the `OPTIONS` request (404) and return an
+// appropriate response. This allows the users to handle `OPTIONS` requests
+// when they'd like but default to the fairing when they don't want to.
+
+/// Trait implemented by fairings: Rocket's structured middleware.
+///
+/// # Considerations
+///
+/// Fairings are a large hammer that can easily be abused and misused. If you
+/// are considering writing a `Fairing` implementation, first consider if it is
+/// appropriate to do so. While middleware is often the best solution to some
+/// problems in other frameworks, it is often a suboptimal solution in Rocket.
+/// This is because Rocket provides richer mechanisms such as [request guards]
+/// and [data guards] that can be used to accomplish the same objective in a
+/// cleaner, more composable, and more robust manner.
+///
+/// As a general rule of thumb, only _globally applicable actions_ should be
+/// implemented via fairings. For instance, you should _not_ use a fairing to
+/// implement authentication or authorization (preferring to use a [request
+/// guard] instead) _unless_ the authentication or authorization applies to the
+/// entire application. On the other hand, you _should_ use a fairing to record
+/// timing and/or usage statistics or to implement global security policies.
+///
+/// [request guard]: ::request::FromRequest
+/// [request guards]: ::request::FromRequest
+/// [data guards]: ::data::FromData
+///
+/// ## Fairing Callbacks
+///
+/// There are four kinds of fairing callbacks: attach, launch, request, and
+/// response. A fairing can request any combination of these callbacks through
+/// the `kind` field of the `Info` structure returned from the `info` method.
+/// Rocket will only invoke the callbacks set in the `kind` field.
+///
+/// The four callback kinds are as follows:
+///
+///   * **Attach (`on_attach`)**
+///
+///     An attach callback, represented by the [`Fairing::on_attach()`] method,
+///     is called when a fairing is first attached via [`Rocket::attach()`]
+///     method. The state of the `Rocket` instance is, at this point, not
+///     finalized, as the user may still add additional information to the
+///     `Rocket` instance. As a result, it is unwise to depend on the state of
+///     the `Rocket` instance.
+///
+///     An attach callback can arbitrarily modify the `Rocket` instance being
+///     constructed. It returns `Ok` if it would like launching to proceed
+///     nominally and `Err` otherwise. If an attach callback returns `Err`,
+///     launch will be aborted. All attach callbacks are executed on `launch`,
+///     even if one or more signal a failure.
+///
+///   * **Launch (`on_launch`)**
+///
+///     A launch callback, represented by the [`Fairing::on_launch()`] method,
+///     is called immediately before the Rocket application has launched. At
+///     this point, Rocket has opened a socket for listening but has not yet
+///     begun accepting connections. A launch callback can inspect the `Rocket`
+///     instance being launched.
+///
+///   * **Request (`on_request`)**
+///
+///     A request callback, represented by the [`Fairing::on_request()`] method,
+///     is called just after a request is received, immediately after
+///     pre-processing the request with method changes due to `_method` form
+///     fields. At this point, Rocket has parsed the incoming HTTP request into
+///     [`Request`] and [`Data`] structures but has not routed the request. A
+///     request callback can modify the request at will and [`Data::peek()`]
+///     into the incoming data. It may not, however, abort or respond directly
+///     to the request; these issues are better handled via [request guards] or
+///     via response callbacks. Any modifications to a request are persisted and
+///     can potentially alter how a request is routed.
+///=
+///   * **Response (`on_response`)**
+///
+///     A response callback, represented by the [`Fairing::on_response()`]
+///     method, is called when a response is ready to be sent to the client. At
+///     this point, Rocket has completed all routing, including to error
+///     catchers, and has generated the would-be final response. A response
+///     callback can modify the response at will. For example, a response
+///     callback can provide a default response when the user fails to handle
+///     the request by checking for 404 responses. Note that a given `Request`
+///     may have changed between `on_request` and `on_response` invocations.
+///     Apart from any change made by other fairings, Rocket sets the method for
+///     `HEAD` requests to `GET` if there is no matching `HEAD` handler for that
+///     request. Additionally, Rocket will automatically strip the body for
+///     `HEAD` requests _after_ response fairings have run.
+///
+/// # Implementing
+///
+/// A `Fairing` implementation has one required method: [`info`]. A `Fairing`
+/// can also implement any of the available callbacks: `on_attach`, `on_launch`,
+/// `on_request`, and `on_response`. A `Fairing` _must_ set the appropriate
+/// callback kind in the `kind` field of the returned `Info` structure from
+/// [`info`] for a callback to actually be called by Rocket.
+///
+/// ## Fairing `Info`
+///
+/// Every `Fairing` must implement the [`info`] method, which returns an
+/// [`Info`] structure. This structure is used by Rocket to:
+///
+///   1. Assign a name to the `Fairing`.
+///
+///      This is the `name` field, which can be any arbitrary string. Name your
+///      fairing something illustrative. The name will be logged during the
+///      application's launch procedures.
+///
+///   2. Determine which callbacks to actually issue on the `Fairing`.
+///
+///      This is the `kind` field of type [`Kind`]. This field is a bitset that
+///      represents the kinds of callbacks the fairing wishes to receive. Rocket
+///      will only invoke the callbacks that are flagged in this set. `Kind`
+///      structures can be `or`d together to represent any combination of kinds
+///      of callbacks. For instance, to request launch and response callbacks,
+///      return a `kind` field with the value `Kind::Launch | Kind::Response`.
+///
+/// [`info`]: Fairing::info()
+///
+/// ## Restrictions
+///
+/// A `Fairing` must be [`Send`] + [`Sync`] + `'static`. This means that the
+/// fairing must be sendable across thread boundaries (`Send`), thread-safe
+/// (`Sync`), and have only `'static` references, if any (`'static`). Note that
+/// these bounds _do not_ prohibit a `Fairing` from holding state: the state
+/// need simply be thread-safe and statically available or heap allocated.
+///
+/// ## Example
+///
+/// Imagine that we want to record the number of `GET` and `POST` requests that
+/// our application has received. While we could do this with [request guards]
+/// and [managed state](::request::State), it would require us to annotate every
+/// `GET` and `POST` request with custom types, polluting handler signatures.
+/// Instead, we can create a simple fairing that acts globally.
+///
+/// The `Counter` fairing below records the number of all `GET` and `POST`
+/// requests received. It makes these counts available at a special `'/counts'`
+/// path.
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// use std::io::Cursor;
+/// use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicUsize, Ordering};
+///
+/// use rocket::{Request, Data, Response};
+/// use rocket::fairing::{Fairing, Info, Kind};
+/// use rocket::http::{Method, ContentType, Status};
+///
+/// #[derive(Default)]
+/// struct Counter {
+///     get: AtomicUsize,
+///     post: AtomicUsize,
+/// }
+///
+/// impl Fairing for Counter {
+///     fn info(&self) -> Info {
+///         Info {
+///             name: "GET/POST Counter",
+///             kind: Kind::Request | Kind::Response
+///         }
+///     }
+///
+///     fn on_request(&self, request: &mut Request, _: &Data) {
+///         if request.method() == Method::Get {
+///             self.get.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
+///         } else if request.method() == Method::Post {
+///             self.post.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
+///         }
+///     }
+///
+///     fn on_response(&self, request: &Request, response: &mut Response) {
+///         // Don't change a successful user's response, ever.
+///         if response.status() != Status::NotFound {
+///             return
+///         }
+///
+///         if request.method() == Method::Get && request.uri().path() == "/counts" {
+///             let get_count = self.get.load(Ordering::Relaxed);
+///             let post_count = self.post.load(Ordering::Relaxed);
+///
+///             let body = format!("Get: {}\nPost: {}", get_count, post_count);
+///             response.set_status(Status::Ok);
+///             response.set_header(ContentType::Plain);
+///             response.set_sized_body(Cursor::new(body));
+///         }
+///     }
+/// }
+/// ```
+///
+/// ## Request-Local State
+///
+/// Fairings can use [request-local state] to persist or carry data between
+/// requests and responses, or to pass data to a request guard.
+///
+/// As an example, the following fairing uses request-local state to time
+/// requests, setting an `X-Response-Time` header on all responses with the
+/// elapsed time. It also exposes the start time of a request via a `StartTime`
+/// request guard.
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// # use std::time::{Duration, SystemTime};
+/// # use rocket::Outcome;
+/// # use rocket::{Request, Data, Response};
+/// # use rocket::fairing::{Fairing, Info, Kind};
+/// # use rocket::http::Status;
+/// # use rocket::request::{self, FromRequest};
+/// #
+/// /// Fairing for timing requests.
+/// pub struct RequestTimer;
+///
+/// /// Value stored in request-local state.
+/// #[derive(Copy, Clone)]
+/// struct TimerStart(Option<SystemTime>);
+///
+/// impl Fairing for RequestTimer {
+///     fn info(&self) -> Info {
+///         Info {
+///             name: "Request Timer",
+///             kind: Kind::Request | Kind::Response
+///         }
+///     }
+///
+///     /// Stores the start time of the request in request-local state.
+///     fn on_request(&self, request: &mut Request, _: &Data) {
+///         // Store a `TimerStart` instead of directly storing a `SystemTime`
+///         // to ensure that this usage doesn't conflict with anything else
+///         // that might store a `SystemTime` in request-local cache.
+///         request.local_cache(|| TimerStart(Some(SystemTime::now())));
+///     }
+///
+///     /// Adds a header to the response indicating how long the server took to
+///     /// process the request.
+///     fn on_response(&self, request: &Request, response: &mut Response) {
+///         let start_time = request.local_cache(|| TimerStart(None));
+///         if let Some(Ok(duration)) = start_time.0.map(|st| st.elapsed()) {
+///             let ms = duration.as_secs() * 1000 + duration.subsec_millis() as u64;
+///             response.set_raw_header("X-Response-Time", format!("{} ms", ms));
+///         }
+///     }
+/// }
+///
+/// /// Request guard used to retrieve the start time of a request.
+/// #[derive(Copy, Clone)]
+/// pub struct StartTime(pub SystemTime);
+///
+/// // Allows a route to access the time a request was initiated.
+/// impl<'a, 'r> FromRequest<'a, 'r> for StartTime {
+///     type Error = ();
+///
+///     fn from_request(request: &'a Request<'r>) -> request::Outcome<StartTime, ()> {
+///         match *request.local_cache(|| TimerStart(None)) {
+///             TimerStart(Some(time)) => Outcome::Success(StartTime(time)),
+///             TimerStart(None) => Outcome::Failure((Status::InternalServerError, ())),
+///         }
+///     }
+/// }
+/// ```
+///
+/// [request-local state]: https://rocket.rs/v0.4/guide/state/#request-local-state
+
+pub trait Fairing: Send + Sync + 'static {
+    /// Returns an [`Info`] structure containing the `name` and [`Kind`] of this
+    /// fairing. The `name` can be any arbitrary string. `Kind` must be an `or`d
+    /// set of `Kind` variants.
+    ///
+    /// This is the only required method of a `Fairing`. All other methods have
+    /// no-op default implementations.
+    ///
+    /// Rocket will only dispatch callbacks to this fairing for the kinds in the
+    /// `kind` field of the returned `Info` structure. For instance, if
+    /// `Kind::Launch | Kind::Request` is used, then Rocket will only call the
+    /// `on_launch` and `on_request` methods of the fairing. Similarly, if
+    /// `Kind::Response` is used, Rocket will only call the `on_response` method
+    /// of this fairing.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// An `info` implementation for `MyFairing`: a fairing named "My Custom
+    /// Fairing" that is both a launch and response fairing.
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::fairing::{Fairing, Info, Kind};
+    ///
+    /// struct MyFairing;
+    ///
+    /// impl Fairing for MyFairing {
+    ///     fn info(&self) -> Info {
+    ///         Info {
+    ///             name: "My Custom Fairing",
+    ///             kind: Kind::Launch | Kind::Response
+    ///         }
+    ///     }
+    /// }
+    /// ```
+    fn info(&self) -> Info;
+
+    /// The attach callback. Returns `Ok` if launch should proceed and `Err` if
+    /// launch should be aborted.
+    ///
+    /// This method is called when a fairing is attached if `Kind::Attach` is in
+    /// the `kind` field of the `Info` structure for this fairing. The `rocket`
+    /// parameter is the `Rocket` instance that is currently being built for
+    /// this application.
+    ///
+    /// ## Default Implementation
+    ///
+    /// The default implementation of this method simply returns `Ok(rocket)`.
+    fn on_attach(&self, rocket: Rocket) -> Result<Rocket, Rocket> { Ok(rocket) }
+
+    /// The launch callback.
+    ///
+    /// This method is called just prior to launching the application if
+    /// `Kind::Launch` is in the `kind` field of the `Info` structure for this
+    /// fairing. The `&Rocket` parameter corresponds to the application that
+    /// will be launched.
+    ///
+    /// ## Default Implementation
+    ///
+    /// The default implementation of this method does nothing.
+    #[allow(unused_variables)]
+    fn on_launch(&self, rocket: &Rocket) {}
+
+    /// The request callback.
+    ///
+    /// This method is called when a new request is received if `Kind::Request`
+    /// is in the `kind` field of the `Info` structure for this fairing. The
+    /// `&mut Request` parameter is the incoming request, and the `&Data`
+    /// parameter is the incoming data in the request.
+    ///
+    /// ## Default Implementation
+    ///
+    /// The default implementation of this method does nothing.
+    #[allow(unused_variables)]
+    fn on_request(&self, request: &mut Request, data: &Data) {}
+
+    /// The response callback.
+    ///
+    /// This method is called when a response is ready to be issued to a client
+    /// if `Kind::Response` is in the `kind` field of the `Info` structure for
+    /// this fairing. The `&Request` parameter is the request that was routed,
+    /// and the `&mut Response` parameter is the resulting response.
+    ///
+    /// ## Default Implementation
+    ///
+    /// The default implementation of this method does nothing.
+    #[allow(unused_variables)]
+    fn on_response(&self, request: &Request, response: &mut Response) {}
+}
+
+impl<T: Fairing> Fairing for ::std::sync::Arc<T> {
+    #[inline]
+    fn info(&self) -> Info {
+        (self as &T).info()
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn on_attach(&self, rocket: Rocket) -> Result<Rocket, Rocket> {
+        (self as &T).on_attach(rocket)
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn on_launch(&self, rocket: &Rocket) {
+        (self as &T).on_launch(rocket)
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn on_request(&self, request: &mut Request, data: &Data) {
+        (self as &T).on_request(request, data)
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn on_response(&self, request: &Request, response: &mut Response) {
+        (self as &T).on_response(request, response)
+    }
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/handler.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/handler.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7b593a68
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/handler.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,277 @@
+//! Types and traits for request and error handlers and their return values.
+
+use data::Data;
+use request::Request;
+use response::{self, Response, Responder};
+use http::Status;
+use outcome;
+
+/// Type alias for the `Outcome` of a `Handler`.
+pub type Outcome<'r> = outcome::Outcome<Response<'r>, Status, Data>;
+
+/// Trait implemented by types that can handle requests.
+///
+/// In general, you will never need to implement `Handler` manually or be
+/// concerned about the `Handler` trait; Rocket's code generation handles
+/// everything for you. You only need to learn about this trait if you want to
+/// provide an external, library-based mechanism to handle requests where
+/// request handling depends on input from the user. In other words, if you want
+/// to write a plugin for Rocket that looks mostly like a static route but need
+/// user provided state to make a request handling decision, you should consider
+/// implementing a custom `Handler`.
+///
+/// # Example
+///
+/// Say you'd like to write a handler that changes its functionality based on an
+/// enum value that the user provides:
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// #[derive(Copy, Clone)]
+/// enum Kind {
+///     Simple,
+///     Intermediate,
+///     Complex,
+/// }
+/// ```
+///
+/// Such a handler might be written and used as follows:
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// # #[derive(Copy, Clone)] enum Kind { Simple, Intermediate, Complex, }
+/// use rocket::{Request, Data, Route, http::Method};
+/// use rocket::handler::{self, Handler, Outcome};
+///
+/// #[derive(Clone)]
+/// struct CustomHandler(Kind);
+///
+/// impl Handler for CustomHandler {
+///     fn handle<'r>(&self, req: &'r Request, data: Data) -> Outcome<'r> {
+///         match self.0 {
+///             Kind::Simple => Outcome::from(req, "simple"),
+///             Kind::Intermediate => Outcome::from(req, "intermediate"),
+///             Kind::Complex => Outcome::from(req, "complex"),
+///         }
+///     }
+/// }
+///
+/// impl Into<Vec<Route>> for CustomHandler {
+///     fn into(self) -> Vec<Route> {
+///         vec![Route::new(Method::Get, "/", self)]
+///     }
+/// }
+///
+/// fn main() {
+/// # if false {
+///     rocket::ignite()
+///         .mount("/", CustomHandler(Kind::Simple))
+///         .launch();
+/// # }
+/// }
+/// ```
+///
+/// Note the following:
+///
+///   1. `CustomHandler` implements `Clone`. This is required so that
+///      `CustomHandler` implements `Cloneable` automatically. The `Cloneable`
+///      trait serves no other purpose but to ensure that every `Handler` can be
+///      cloned, allowing `Route`s to be cloned.
+///   2. `CustomHandler` implements `Into<Vec<Route>>`, allowing an instance to
+///      be used directly as the second parameter to `rocket.mount()`.
+///   3. Unlike static-function-based handlers, this custom handler can make use
+///      of any internal state.
+///
+/// # Alternatives
+///
+/// The previous example could have been implemented using a combination of
+/// managed state and a static route, as follows:
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// # #![feature(proc_macro_hygiene, decl_macro)]
+/// # #[macro_use] extern crate rocket;
+/// #
+/// # #[derive(Copy, Clone)]
+/// # enum Kind {
+/// #     Simple,
+/// #     Intermediate,
+/// #     Complex,
+/// # }
+/// #
+/// use rocket::State;
+///
+/// #[get("/")]
+/// fn custom_handler(state: State<Kind>) -> &'static str {
+///     match *state {
+///         Kind::Simple => "simple",
+///         Kind::Intermediate => "intermediate",
+///         Kind::Complex => "complex",
+///     }
+/// }
+///
+/// fn main() {
+/// # if false {
+///     rocket::ignite()
+///         .mount("/", routes![custom_handler])
+///         .manage(Kind::Simple)
+///         .launch();
+/// # }
+/// }
+/// ```
+///
+/// Pros:
+///
+///   * The handler is easier to implement since Rocket's code generation
+///     ensures type-safety at all levels.
+///
+/// Cons:
+///
+///   * Only one `Kind` can be stored in managed state. As such, only one
+///     variant of the custom handler can be used.
+///   * The user must remember to manually call `rocket.manage(state)`.
+///
+/// Use this alternative when a single configuration is desired and your custom
+/// handler is private to your application. For all other cases, a custom
+/// `Handler` implementation is preferred.
+pub trait Handler: Cloneable + Send + Sync + 'static {
+    /// Called by Rocket when a `Request` with its associated `Data` should be
+    /// handled by this handler.
+    ///
+    /// The variant of `Outcome` returned determines what Rocket does next. If
+    /// the return value is a `Success(Response)`, the wrapped `Response` is
+    /// used to respond to the client. If the return value is a
+    /// `Failure(Status)`, the error catcher for `Status` is invoked to generate
+    /// a response. Otherwise, if the return value is `Forward(Data)`, the next
+    /// matching route is attempted. If there are no other matching routes, the
+    /// `404` error catcher is invoked.
+    fn handle<'r>(&self, request: &'r Request, data: Data) -> Outcome<'r>;
+}
+
+/// Unfortunate but necessary hack to be able to clone a `Box<dyn Handler>`.
+///
+/// This trait should _never_ (and cannot, due to coherence) be implemented by
+/// any type. Instead, implement `Clone`. All types that implement `Clone` and
+/// `Handler` automatically implement `Cloneable`.
+pub trait Cloneable {
+    /// Clones `self`.
+    fn clone_handler(&self) -> Box<dyn Handler>;
+}
+
+impl<T: Handler + Clone> Cloneable for T {
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn clone_handler(&self) -> Box<dyn Handler> {
+        Box::new(self.clone())
+    }
+}
+
+impl Clone for Box<dyn Handler> {
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn clone(&self) -> Box<dyn Handler> {
+        self.clone_handler()
+    }
+}
+
+impl<F: Clone + Sync + Send + 'static> Handler for F
+    where for<'r> F: Fn(&'r Request, Data) -> Outcome<'r>
+{
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn handle<'r>(&self, req: &'r Request, data: Data) -> Outcome<'r> {
+        self(req, data)
+    }
+}
+
+/// The type of an error handler.
+pub type ErrorHandler = for<'r> fn(&'r Request) -> response::Result<'r>;
+
+impl<'r> Outcome<'r> {
+    /// Return the `Outcome` of response to `req` from `responder`.
+    ///
+    /// If the responder returns `Ok`, an outcome of `Success` is
+    /// returned with the response. If the responder returns `Err`, an
+    /// outcome of `Failure` is returned with the status code.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::{Request, Data};
+    /// use rocket::handler::Outcome;
+    ///
+    /// fn str_responder(req: &Request, _: Data) -> Outcome<'static> {
+    ///     Outcome::from(req, "Hello, world!")
+    /// }
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn from<T: Responder<'r>>(req: &Request, responder: T) -> Outcome<'r> {
+        match responder.respond_to(req) {
+            Ok(response) => outcome::Outcome::Success(response),
+            Err(status) => outcome::Outcome::Failure(status)
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Return the `Outcome` of response to `req` from `responder`.
+    ///
+    /// If the responder returns `Ok`, an outcome of `Success` is
+    /// returned with the response. If the responder returns `Err`, an
+    /// outcome of `Forward` is returned.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::{Request, Data};
+    /// use rocket::handler::Outcome;
+    ///
+    /// fn str_responder(req: &Request, data: Data) -> Outcome<'static> {
+    ///     Outcome::from_or_forward(req, data, "Hello, world!")
+    /// }
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn from_or_forward<T>(req: &Request<'_>, data: Data, responder: T) -> Outcome<'r>
+        where T: Responder<'r>
+    {
+        match responder.respond_to(req) {
+            Ok(response) => outcome::Outcome::Success(response),
+            Err(_) => outcome::Outcome::Forward(data)
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Return an `Outcome` of `Failure` with the status code `code`. This is
+    /// equivalent to `Outcome::Failure(code)`.
+    ///
+    /// This method exists to be used during manual routing where
+    /// `rocket::handler::Outcome` is imported instead of `rocket::Outcome`.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::{Request, Data};
+    /// use rocket::handler::Outcome;
+    /// use rocket::http::Status;
+    ///
+    /// fn bad_req_route(_: &Request, _: Data) -> Outcome<'static> {
+    ///     Outcome::failure(Status::BadRequest)
+    /// }
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn failure(code: Status) -> Outcome<'static> {
+        outcome::Outcome::Failure(code)
+    }
+
+    /// Return an `Outcome` of `Forward` with the data `data`. This is
+    /// equivalent to `Outcome::Forward(data)`.
+    ///
+    /// This method exists to be used during manual routing where
+    /// `rocket::handler::Outcome` is imported instead of `rocket::Outcome`.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::{Request, Data};
+    /// use rocket::handler::Outcome;
+    ///
+    /// fn always_forward(_: &Request, data: Data) -> Outcome<'static> {
+    ///     Outcome::forward(data)
+    /// }
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn forward(data: Data) -> Outcome<'static> {
+        outcome::Outcome::Forward(data)
+    }
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/lib.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/lib.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..086f1e2e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/lib.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
+#![allow(incomplete_features)]
+#![feature(specialization)]
+#![feature(decl_macro)]
+#![feature(try_trait_v2, control_flow_enum, try_trait_v2_residual)]
+#![feature(never_type)]
+#![feature(proc_macro_hygiene)]
+#![feature(label_break_value)]
+
+#![recursion_limit="256"]
+
+#![doc(html_root_url = "https://api.rocket.rs/v0.4")]
+#![doc(html_favicon_url = "https://rocket.rs/v0.4/images/favicon.ico")]
+#![doc(html_logo_url = "https://rocket.rs/v0.4/images/logo-boxed.png")]
+
+//! # Rocket - Core API Documentation
+//!
+//! Hello, and welcome to the core Rocket API documentation!
+//!
+//! This API documentation is highly technical and is purely a reference.
+//! There's an [overview] of Rocket on the main site as well as a [full,
+//! detailed guide]. If you'd like pointers on getting started, see the
+//! [quickstart] or [getting started] chapters of the guide.
+//!
+//! You may also be interested in looking at the
+//! [`rocket_contrib`](../rocket_contrib) documentation, which contains
+//! automatic JSON (de)serialiazation, templating support, static file serving,
+//! and other useful features.
+//!
+//! [overview]: https://rocket.rs/v0.4/overview
+//! [full, detailed guide]: https://rocket.rs/v0.4/guide
+//! [quickstart]: https://rocket.rs/v0.4/guide/quickstart
+//! [getting started]: https://rocket.rs/v0.4/guide/getting-started
+//!
+//! ## Libraries
+//!
+//! Rocket's functionality is split into two crates:
+//!
+//!   1. Core - This core library. Needed by every Rocket application.
+//!   2. [Contrib](../rocket_contrib) - Provides useful functionality for many
+//!      Rocket applications. Completely optional.
+//!
+//! ## Usage
+//!
+//! First, depend on `rocket` in `Cargo.toml`:
+//!
+//! ```toml
+//! [dependencies]
+//! rocket = "0.4.11"
+//! ```
+//!
+//! Then, add the following to the top of your `main.rs` file:
+//!
+//! ```rust
+//! #![feature(proc_macro_hygiene, decl_macro)]
+//!
+//! #[macro_use] extern crate rocket;
+//! # #[get("/")] fn hello() { }
+//! # fn main() { rocket::ignite().mount("/", routes![hello]); }
+//! ```
+//!
+//! See the [guide](https://rocket.rs/v0.4/guide) for more information on how to
+//! write Rocket applications. Here's a simple example to get you started:
+//!
+//! ```rust
+//! #![feature(proc_macro_hygiene, decl_macro)]
+//!
+//! #[macro_use] extern crate rocket;
+//!
+//! #[get("/")]
+//! fn hello() -> &'static str {
+//!     "Hello, world!"
+//! }
+//!
+//! fn main() {
+//! # if false { // We don't actually want to launch the server in an example.
+//!     rocket::ignite().mount("/", routes![hello]).launch();
+//! # }
+//! }
+//! ```
+//!
+//! ## Configuration
+//!
+//! Rocket and Rocket libraries are configured via the `Rocket.toml` file and/or
+//! `ROCKET_{PARAM}` environment variables. For more information on how to
+//! configure Rocket, see the [configuration section] of the guide as well as
+//! the [`config`] module documentation.
+//!
+//! [configuration section]: https://rocket.rs/v0.4/guide/configuration/
+//!
+//! ## Testing
+//!
+//! The [`local`] module contains structures that facilitate unit and
+//! integration testing of a Rocket application. The top-level [`local`] module
+//! documentation and the [testing chapter of the guide] include detailed
+//! examples.
+//!
+//! [testing chapter of the guide]: https://rocket.rs/v0.4/guide/testing/#testing
+
+#[allow(unused_imports)] #[macro_use] extern crate rocket_codegen;
+pub use rocket_codegen::*;
+
+extern crate rocket_http;
+#[macro_use] extern crate log;
+#[macro_use] extern crate pear;
+extern crate yansi;
+extern crate toml;
+extern crate num_cpus;
+extern crate state;
+extern crate time;
+extern crate memchr;
+extern crate base64;
+extern crate atty;
+
+#[cfg(test)] #[macro_use] extern crate lazy_static;
+
+#[doc(hidden)] #[macro_use] pub mod logger;
+pub mod local;
+pub mod request;
+pub mod response;
+pub mod outcome;
+pub mod config;
+pub mod data;
+pub mod handler;
+pub mod fairing;
+pub mod error;
+
+// Reexport of HTTP everything.
+pub mod http {
+    //! Types that map to concepts in HTTP.
+    //!
+    //! This module exports types that map to HTTP concepts or to the underlying
+    //! HTTP library when needed.
+
+    #[doc(inline)]
+    pub use rocket_http::*;
+}
+
+mod router;
+mod rocket;
+mod codegen;
+mod catcher;
+mod ext;
+
+#[doc(inline)] pub use response::Response;
+#[doc(inline)] pub use handler::{Handler, ErrorHandler};
+#[doc(hidden)] pub use codegen::{StaticRouteInfo, StaticCatchInfo};
+#[doc(inline)] pub use outcome::Outcome;
+#[doc(inline)] pub use data::Data;
+#[doc(inline)] pub use config::Config;
+pub use router::Route;
+pub use request::{Request, State};
+pub use catcher::Catcher;
+pub use rocket::Rocket;
+
+/// Alias to [`Rocket::ignite()`] Creates a new instance of `Rocket`.
+pub fn ignite() -> Rocket {
+    Rocket::ignite()
+}
+
+/// Alias to [`Rocket::custom()`]. Creates a new instance of `Rocket` with a
+/// custom configuration.
+pub fn custom(config: config::Config) -> Rocket {
+    Rocket::custom(config)
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/local/client.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/local/client.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..aaa09fa3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/local/client.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,351 @@
+use std::sync::RwLock;
+use std::borrow::Cow;
+
+use Rocket;
+use local::LocalRequest;
+use http::{Method, private::CookieJar};
+use error::LaunchError;
+
+/// A structure to construct requests for local dispatching.
+///
+/// # Usage
+///
+/// A `Client` is constructed via the [`new()`] or [`untracked()`] methods from
+/// an already constructed `Rocket` instance. Once a value of `Client` has been
+/// constructed, the [`LocalRequest`] constructor methods ([`get()`], [`put()`],
+/// [`post()`], and so on) can be used to create a `LocalRequest` for
+/// dispatching.
+///
+/// See the [top-level documentation](::local) for more usage information.
+///
+/// ## Cookie Tracking
+///
+/// A `Client` constructed using [`new()`] propagates cookie changes made by
+/// responses to previously dispatched requests. In other words, if a previously
+/// dispatched request resulted in a response that adds a cookie, any future
+/// requests will contain that cookie. Similarly, cookies removed by a response
+/// won't be propagated further.
+///
+/// This is typically the desired mode of operation for a `Client` as it removes
+/// the burden of manually tracking cookies. Under some circumstances, however,
+/// disabling this tracking may be desired. In these cases, use the
+/// [`untracked()`](Client::untracked()) constructor to create a `Client` that
+/// _will not_ track cookies.
+///
+/// ### Synchronization
+///
+/// While `Client` implements `Sync`, using it in a multithreaded environment
+/// while tracking cookies can result in surprising, non-deterministic behavior.
+/// This is because while cookie modifications are serialized, the exact
+/// ordering depends on when requests are dispatched. Specifically, when cookie
+/// tracking is enabled, all request dispatches are serialized, which in-turn
+/// serializes modifications to the internally tracked cookies.
+///
+/// If possible, refrain from sharing a single instance of `Client` across
+/// multiple threads. Instead, prefer to create a unique instance of `Client`
+/// per thread. If it's not possible, ensure that either you are not depending
+/// on cookies, the ordering of their modifications, or both, or have arranged
+/// for dispatches to occur in a deterministic ordering.
+///
+/// ## Example
+///
+/// The following snippet creates a `Client` from a `Rocket` instance and
+/// dispatches a local request to `POST /` with a body of `Hello, world!`.
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// use rocket::local::Client;
+///
+/// let rocket = rocket::ignite();
+/// let client = Client::new(rocket).expect("valid rocket");
+/// let response = client.post("/")
+///     .body("Hello, world!")
+///     .dispatch();
+/// ```
+///
+/// [`new()`]: #method.new
+/// [`untracked()`]: #method.untracked
+/// [`get()`]: #method.get
+/// [`put()`]: #method.put
+/// [`post()`]: #method.post
+pub struct Client {
+    rocket: Rocket,
+    pub(crate) cookies: Option<RwLock<CookieJar>>,
+}
+
+impl Client {
+    /// Constructs a new `Client`. If `tracked` is `true`, an empty `CookieJar`
+    /// is created for cookie tracking. Otherwise, the internal `CookieJar` is
+    /// set to `None`.
+    fn _new(rocket: Rocket, tracked: bool) -> Result<Client, LaunchError> {
+        let cookies = match tracked {
+            true => Some(RwLock::new(CookieJar::new())),
+            false => None
+        };
+
+        Ok(Client { rocket: rocket.prelaunch_check()?, cookies })
+    }
+
+    /// Construct a new `Client` from an instance of `Rocket` with cookie
+    /// tracking.
+    ///
+    /// # Cookie Tracking
+    ///
+    /// By default, a `Client` propagates cookie changes made by responses to
+    /// previously dispatched requests. In other words, if a previously
+    /// dispatched request resulted in a response that adds a cookie, any future
+    /// requests will contain the new cookies. Similarly, cookies removed by a
+    /// response won't be propagated further.
+    ///
+    /// This is typically the desired mode of operation for a `Client` as it
+    /// removes the burden of manually tracking cookies. Under some
+    /// circumstances, however, disabling this tracking may be desired. The
+    /// [`untracked()`](Client::untracked()) method creates a `Client` that
+    /// _will not_ track cookies.
+    ///
+    /// # Errors
+    ///
+    /// If launching the `Rocket` instance would fail, excepting network errors,
+    /// the `LaunchError` is returned.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::local::Client;
+    ///
+    /// let client = Client::new(rocket::ignite()).expect("valid rocket");
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn new(rocket: Rocket) -> Result<Client, LaunchError> {
+        Client::_new(rocket, true)
+    }
+
+    /// Construct a new `Client` from an instance of `Rocket` _without_ cookie
+    /// tracking.
+    ///
+    /// # Cookie Tracking
+    ///
+    /// Unlike the [`new()`](Client::new()) constructor, a `Client` returned
+    /// from this method _does not_ automatically propagate cookie changes.
+    ///
+    /// # Errors
+    ///
+    /// If launching the `Rocket` instance would fail, excepting network errors,
+    /// the `LaunchError` is returned.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::local::Client;
+    ///
+    /// let client = Client::untracked(rocket::ignite()).expect("valid rocket");
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn untracked(rocket: Rocket) -> Result<Client, LaunchError> {
+        Client::_new(rocket, false)
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the instance of `Rocket` this client is creating requests for.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::local::Client;
+    ///
+    /// let my_rocket = rocket::ignite();
+    /// let client = Client::new(my_rocket).expect("valid rocket");
+    ///
+    /// // get the instance of `my_rocket` within `client`
+    /// let my_rocket = client.rocket();
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn rocket(&self) -> &Rocket {
+        &self.rocket
+    }
+
+    /// Create a local `GET` request to the URI `uri`.
+    ///
+    /// When dispatched, the request will be served by the instance of Rocket
+    /// within `self`. The request is not dispatched automatically. To actually
+    /// dispatch the request, call [`LocalRequest::dispatch()`] on the returned
+    /// request.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::local::Client;
+    ///
+    /// let client = Client::new(rocket::ignite()).expect("valid rocket");
+    /// let req = client.get("/hello");
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn get<'c, 'u: 'c, U: Into<Cow<'u, str>>>(&'c self, uri: U) -> LocalRequest<'c> {
+        self.req(Method::Get, uri)
+    }
+
+    /// Create a local `PUT` request to the URI `uri`.
+    ///
+    /// When dispatched, the request will be served by the instance of Rocket
+    /// within `self`. The request is not dispatched automatically. To actually
+    /// dispatch the request, call [`LocalRequest::dispatch()`] on the returned
+    /// request.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::local::Client;
+    ///
+    /// let client = Client::new(rocket::ignite()).expect("valid rocket");
+    /// let req = client.put("/hello");
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn put<'c, 'u: 'c, U: Into<Cow<'u, str>>>(&'c self, uri: U) -> LocalRequest<'c> {
+        self.req(Method::Put, uri)
+    }
+
+    /// Create a local `POST` request to the URI `uri`.
+    ///
+    /// When dispatched, the request will be served by the instance of Rocket
+    /// within `self`. The request is not dispatched automatically. To actually
+    /// dispatch the request, call [`LocalRequest::dispatch()`] on the returned
+    /// request.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::local::Client;
+    /// use rocket::http::ContentType;
+    ///
+    /// let client = Client::new(rocket::ignite()).expect("valid rocket");
+    ///
+    /// let req = client.post("/hello")
+    ///     .body("field=value&otherField=123")
+    ///     .header(ContentType::Form);
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn post<'c, 'u: 'c, U: Into<Cow<'u, str>>>(&'c self, uri: U) -> LocalRequest<'c> {
+        self.req(Method::Post, uri)
+    }
+
+    /// Create a local `DELETE` request to the URI `uri`.
+    ///
+    /// When dispatched, the request will be served by the instance of Rocket
+    /// within `self`. The request is not dispatched automatically. To actually
+    /// dispatch the request, call [`LocalRequest::dispatch()`] on the returned
+    /// request.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::local::Client;
+    ///
+    /// let client = Client::new(rocket::ignite()).expect("valid rocket");
+    /// let req = client.delete("/hello");
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn delete<'c, 'u: 'c, U>(&'c self, uri: U) -> LocalRequest<'c>
+        where U: Into<Cow<'u, str>>
+    {
+        self.req(Method::Delete, uri)
+    }
+
+    /// Create a local `OPTIONS` request to the URI `uri`.
+    ///
+    /// When dispatched, the request will be served by the instance of Rocket
+    /// within `self`. The request is not dispatched automatically. To actually
+    /// dispatch the request, call [`LocalRequest::dispatch()`] on the returned
+    /// request.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::local::Client;
+    ///
+    /// let client = Client::new(rocket::ignite()).expect("valid rocket");
+    /// let req = client.options("/hello");
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn options<'c, 'u: 'c, U>(&'c self, uri: U) -> LocalRequest<'c>
+        where U: Into<Cow<'u, str>>
+    {
+        self.req(Method::Options, uri)
+    }
+
+    /// Create a local `HEAD` request to the URI `uri`.
+    ///
+    /// When dispatched, the request will be served by the instance of Rocket
+    /// within `self`. The request is not dispatched automatically. To actually
+    /// dispatch the request, call [`LocalRequest::dispatch()`] on the returned
+    /// request.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::local::Client;
+    ///
+    /// let client = Client::new(rocket::ignite()).expect("valid rocket");
+    /// let req = client.head("/hello");
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn head<'c, 'u: 'c, U>(&'c self, uri: U) -> LocalRequest<'c>
+        where U: Into<Cow<'u, str>>
+    {
+        self.req(Method::Head, uri)
+    }
+
+    /// Create a local `PATCH` request to the URI `uri`.
+    ///
+    /// When dispatched, the request will be served by the instance of Rocket
+    /// within `self`. The request is not dispatched automatically. To actually
+    /// dispatch the request, call [`LocalRequest::dispatch()`] on the returned
+    /// request.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::local::Client;
+    ///
+    /// let client = Client::new(rocket::ignite()).expect("valid rocket");
+    /// let req = client.patch("/hello");
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn patch<'c, 'u: 'c, U>(&'c self, uri: U) -> LocalRequest<'c>
+        where U: Into<Cow<'u, str>>
+    {
+        self.req(Method::Patch, uri)
+    }
+
+    /// Create a local request with method `method` to the URI `uri`.
+    ///
+    /// When dispatched, the request will be served by the instance of Rocket
+    /// within `self`. The request is not dispatched automatically. To actually
+    /// dispatch the request, call [`LocalRequest::dispatch()`] on the returned
+    /// request.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::local::Client;
+    /// use rocket::http::Method;
+    ///
+    /// let client = Client::new(rocket::ignite()).expect("valid rocket");
+    /// let req = client.req(Method::Get, "/hello");
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn req<'c, 'u: 'c, U>(&'c self, method: Method, uri: U) -> LocalRequest<'c>
+        where U: Into<Cow<'u, str>>
+    {
+        LocalRequest::new(self, method, uri.into())
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+    use super::Client;
+
+    fn assert_sync<T: Sync>() {}
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_local_client_impl_sync() {
+        assert_sync::<Client>();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/local/mod.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/local/mod.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..50c44c69
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/local/mod.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+//! Structures for local dispatching of requests, primarily for testing.
+//!
+//! This module allows for simple request dispatching against a local,
+//! non-networked instance of Rocket. The primary use of this module is to unit
+//! and integration test Rocket applications by crafting requests, dispatching
+//! them, and verifying the response.
+//!
+//! # Usage
+//!
+//! This module contains a [`Client`] structure that is used to create
+//! [`LocalRequest`] structures that can be dispatched against a given
+//! [`Rocket`](crate::Rocket) instance. Usage is straightforward:
+//!
+//!   1. Construct a `Rocket` instance that represents the application.
+//!
+//!      ```rust
+//!      let rocket = rocket::ignite();
+//!      # let _ = rocket;
+//!      ```
+//!
+//!   2. Construct a `Client` using the `Rocket` instance.
+//!
+//!      ```rust
+//!      # use rocket::local::Client;
+//!      # let rocket = rocket::ignite();
+//!      let client = Client::new(rocket).expect("valid rocket instance");
+//!      # let _ = client;
+//!      ```
+//!
+//!   3. Construct requests using the `Client` instance.
+//!
+//!      ```rust
+//!      # use rocket::local::Client;
+//!      # let rocket = rocket::ignite();
+//!      # let client = Client::new(rocket).unwrap();
+//!      let req = client.get("/");
+//!      # let _ = req;
+//!      ```
+//!
+//!   3. Dispatch the request to retrieve the response.
+//!
+//!      ```rust
+//!      # use rocket::local::Client;
+//!      # let rocket = rocket::ignite();
+//!      # let client = Client::new(rocket).unwrap();
+//!      # let req = client.get("/");
+//!      let response = req.dispatch();
+//!      # let _ = response;
+//!      ```
+//!
+//! All together and in idiomatic fashion, this might look like:
+//!
+//! ```rust
+//! use rocket::local::Client;
+//!
+//! let client = Client::new(rocket::ignite()).expect("valid rocket");
+//! let response = client.post("/")
+//!     .body("Hello, world!")
+//!     .dispatch();
+//! # let _ = response;
+//! ```
+//!
+//! # Unit/Integration Testing
+//!
+//! This module can be used to test a Rocket application by constructing
+//! requests via `Client` and validating the resulting response. As an example,
+//! consider the following complete "Hello, world!" application, with testing.
+//!
+//! ```rust
+//! #![feature(proc_macro_hygiene, decl_macro)]
+//!
+//! #[macro_use] extern crate rocket;
+//!
+//! #[get("/")]
+//! fn hello() -> &'static str {
+//!     "Hello, world!"
+//! }
+//!
+//! # fn main() {  }
+//! #[cfg(test)]
+//! mod test {
+//!     use super::{rocket, hello};
+//!     use rocket::local::Client;
+//!
+//!     #[test]
+//!     fn test_hello_world() {
+//!         // Construct a client to use for dispatching requests.
+//!         let rocket = rocket::ignite().mount("/", routes![hello]);
+//!         let client = Client::new(rocket).expect("valid rocket instance");
+//!
+//!         // Dispatch a request to 'GET /' and validate the response.
+//!         let mut response = client.get("/").dispatch();
+//!         assert_eq!(response.body_string(), Some("Hello, world!".into()));
+//!     }
+//! }
+//! ```
+//!
+//! [`Client`]: crate::local::Client
+//! [`LocalRequest`]: crate::local::LocalRequest
+
+mod request;
+mod client;
+
+pub use self::request::{LocalResponse, LocalRequest};
+pub use self::client::Client;
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/local/request.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/local/request.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c139664b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/local/request.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,605 @@
+use std::fmt;
+use std::rc::Rc;
+use std::net::SocketAddr;
+use std::ops::{Deref, DerefMut};
+use std::borrow::Cow;
+
+use {Request, Response, Data};
+use http::{Status, Method, Header, Cookie, uri::Origin, ext::IntoOwned};
+use local::Client;
+
+/// A structure representing a local request as created by [`Client`].
+///
+/// # Usage
+///
+/// A `LocalRequest` value is constructed via method constructors on [`Client`].
+/// Headers can be added via the [`header`] builder method and the
+/// [`add_header`] method. Cookies can be added via the [`cookie`] builder
+/// method. The remote IP address can be set via the [`remote`] builder method.
+/// The body of the request can be set via the [`body`] builder method or
+/// [`set_body`] method.
+///
+/// ## Example
+///
+/// The following snippet uses the available builder methods to construct a
+/// `POST` request to `/` with a JSON body:
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// use rocket::local::Client;
+/// use rocket::http::{ContentType, Cookie};
+///
+/// let client = Client::new(rocket::ignite()).expect("valid rocket");
+/// let req = client.post("/")
+///     .header(ContentType::JSON)
+///     .remote("127.0.0.1:8000".parse().unwrap())
+///     .cookie(Cookie::new("name", "value"))
+///     .body(r#"{ "value": 42 }"#);
+/// ```
+///
+/// # Dispatching
+///
+/// A `LocalRequest` can be dispatched in one of two ways:
+///
+///   1. [`dispatch`]
+///
+///      This method should always be preferred. The `LocalRequest` is consumed
+///      and a response is returned.
+///
+///   2. [`mut_dispatch`]
+///
+///      This method should _only_ be used when either it is known that the
+///      application will not modify the request, or it is desired to see
+///      modifications to the request. No cloning occurs, and the request is not
+///      consumed.
+///
+/// Additionally, note that `LocalRequest` implements `Clone`. As such, if the
+/// same request needs to be dispatched multiple times, the request can first be
+/// cloned and then dispatched: `request.clone().dispatch()`.
+///
+/// [`Client`]: ::local::Client
+/// [`header`]: #method.header
+/// [`add_header`]: #method.add_header
+/// [`cookie`]: #method.cookie
+/// [`remote`]: #method.remote
+/// [`body`]: #method.body
+/// [`set_body`]: #method.set_body
+/// [`dispatch`]: #method.dispatch
+/// [`mut_dispatch`]: #method.mut_dispatch
+pub struct LocalRequest<'c> {
+    client: &'c Client,
+    // This pointer exists to access the `Rc<Request>` mutably inside of
+    // `LocalRequest`. This is the only place that a `Request` can be accessed
+    // mutably. This is accomplished via the private `request_mut()` method.
+    ptr: *mut Request<'c>,
+    // This `Rc` exists so that we can transfer ownership to the `LocalResponse`
+    // selectively on dispatch. This is necessary because responses may point
+    // into the request, and thus the request and all of its data needs to be
+    // alive while the response is accessible.
+    //
+    // Because both a `LocalRequest` and a `LocalResponse` can hold an `Rc` to
+    // the same `Request`, _and_ the `LocalRequest` can mutate the request, we
+    // must ensure that 1) neither `LocalRequest` not `LocalResponse` are `Sync`
+    // or `Send` and 2) mutations carried out in `LocalRequest` are _stable_:
+    // they never _remove_ data, and any reallocations (say, for vectors or
+    // hashmaps) result in object pointers remaining the same. This means that
+    // even if the `Request` is mutated by a `LocalRequest`, those mutations are
+    // not observable by `LocalResponse`.
+    //
+    // The first is ensured by the embedding of the `Rc` type which is neither
+    // `Send` nor `Sync`. The second is more difficult to argue. First, observe
+    // that any methods of `LocalRequest` that _remove_ values from `Request`
+    // only remove _Copy_ values, in particular, `SocketAddr`. Second, the
+    // lifetime of the `Request` object is tied to the lifetime of the
+    // `LocalResponse`, so references from `Request` cannot be dangling in
+    // `Response`. And finally, observe how all of the data stored in `Request`
+    // is converted into its owned counterpart before insertion, ensuring stable
+    // addresses. Together, these properties guarantee the second condition.
+    request: Rc<Request<'c>>,
+    data: Vec<u8>,
+    uri: Cow<'c, str>,
+}
+
+impl<'c> LocalRequest<'c> {
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub(crate) fn new(
+        client: &'c Client,
+        method: Method,
+        uri: Cow<'c, str>
+    ) -> LocalRequest<'c> {
+        // We set a dummy string for now and check the user's URI on dispatch.
+        let request = Request::new(client.rocket(), method, Origin::dummy());
+
+        // Set up any cookies we know about.
+        if let Some(ref jar) = client.cookies {
+            let cookies = jar.read().expect("LocalRequest::new() read lock");
+            for cookie in cookies.iter() {
+                request.cookies().add_original(cookie.clone().into_owned());
+            }
+        }
+
+        // See the comments on the structure for what's going on here.
+        let mut request = Rc::new(request);
+        let ptr = Rc::get_mut(&mut request).unwrap() as *mut Request;
+        LocalRequest { client, ptr, request, uri, data: vec![] }
+    }
+
+    /// Retrieves the inner `Request` as seen by Rocket.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::local::Client;
+    ///
+    /// let client = Client::new(rocket::ignite()).expect("valid rocket");
+    /// let req = client.get("/");
+    /// let inner_req = req.inner();
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn inner(&self) -> &Request<'c> {
+        &*self.request
+    }
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn request_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Request<'c> {
+        // See the comments in the structure for the argument of correctness.
+        unsafe { &mut *self.ptr }
+    }
+
+    // This method should _never_ be publicly exposed!
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn long_lived_request<'a>(&mut self) -> &'a mut Request<'c> {
+        // See the comments in the structure for the argument of correctness.
+        // Additionally, the caller must ensure that the owned instance of
+        // `Rc<Request>` remains valid as long as the returned reference can be
+        // accessed.
+        unsafe { &mut *self.ptr }
+    }
+
+    /// Add a header to this request.
+    ///
+    /// Any type that implements `Into<Header>` can be used here. Among others,
+    /// this includes [`ContentType`] and [`Accept`].
+    ///
+    /// [`ContentType`]: ::http::ContentType
+    /// [`Accept`]: ::http::Accept
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// Add the Content-Type header:
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::local::Client;
+    /// use rocket::http::ContentType;
+    ///
+    /// # #[allow(unused_variables)]
+    /// let client = Client::new(rocket::ignite()).unwrap();
+    /// let req = client.get("/").header(ContentType::JSON);
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn header<H: Into<Header<'static>>>(mut self, header: H) -> Self {
+        self.request_mut().add_header(header.into());
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// Adds a header to this request without consuming `self`.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// Add the Content-Type header:
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::local::Client;
+    /// use rocket::http::ContentType;
+    ///
+    /// let client = Client::new(rocket::ignite()).unwrap();
+    /// let mut req = client.get("/");
+    /// req.add_header(ContentType::JSON);
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn add_header<H: Into<Header<'static>>>(&mut self, header: H) {
+        self.request_mut().add_header(header.into());
+    }
+
+    /// Set the remote address of this request.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// Set the remote address to "8.8.8.8:80":
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::local::Client;
+    ///
+    /// let client = Client::new(rocket::ignite()).unwrap();
+    /// let address = "8.8.8.8:80".parse().unwrap();
+    /// let req = client.get("/").remote(address);
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn remote(mut self, address: SocketAddr) -> Self {
+        self.request_mut().set_remote(address);
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// Add a cookie to this request.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// Add `user_id` cookie:
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::local::Client;
+    /// use rocket::http::Cookie;
+    ///
+    /// let client = Client::new(rocket::ignite()).unwrap();
+    /// # #[allow(unused_variables)]
+    /// let req = client.get("/")
+    ///     .cookie(Cookie::new("username", "sb"))
+    ///     .cookie(Cookie::new("user_id", "12"));
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn cookie(self, cookie: Cookie) -> Self {
+        self.request.cookies().add_original(cookie.into_owned());
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// Add all of the cookies in `cookies` to this request.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// Add `user_id` cookie:
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::local::Client;
+    /// use rocket::http::Cookie;
+    ///
+    /// let client = Client::new(rocket::ignite()).unwrap();
+    /// let cookies = vec![Cookie::new("a", "b"), Cookie::new("c", "d")];
+    /// # #[allow(unused_variables)]
+    /// let req = client.get("/").cookies(cookies);
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn cookies(self, cookies: Vec<Cookie>) -> Self {
+        for cookie in cookies {
+            self.request.cookies().add_original(cookie.into_owned());
+        }
+
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// Add a [private cookie] to this request.
+    ///
+    /// This method is only available when the `private-cookies` feature is
+    /// enabled.
+    ///
+    /// [private cookie]: ::http::Cookies::add_private()
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// Add `user_id` as a private cookie:
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::local::Client;
+    /// use rocket::http::Cookie;
+    ///
+    /// let client = Client::new(rocket::ignite()).unwrap();
+    /// # #[allow(unused_variables)]
+    /// let req = client.get("/").private_cookie(Cookie::new("user_id", "sb"));
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    #[cfg(feature = "private-cookies")]
+    pub fn private_cookie(self, cookie: Cookie<'static>) -> Self {
+        self.request.cookies().add_original_private(cookie);
+        self
+    }
+
+    // TODO: For CGI, we want to be able to set the body to be stdin without
+    // actually reading everything into a vector. Can we allow that here while
+    // keeping the simplicity? Looks like it would require us to reintroduce a
+    // NetStream::Local(Box<Read>) or something like that.
+
+    /// Set the body (data) of the request.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// Set the body to be a JSON structure; also sets the Content-Type.
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::local::Client;
+    /// use rocket::http::ContentType;
+    ///
+    /// let client = Client::new(rocket::ignite()).unwrap();
+    /// # #[allow(unused_variables)]
+    /// let req = client.post("/")
+    ///     .header(ContentType::JSON)
+    ///     .body(r#"{ "key": "value", "array": [1, 2, 3], }"#);
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn body<S: AsRef<[u8]>>(mut self, body: S) -> Self {
+        self.data = body.as_ref().into();
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// Set the body (data) of the request without consuming `self`.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// Set the body to be a JSON structure; also sets the Content-Type.
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::local::Client;
+    /// use rocket::http::ContentType;
+    ///
+    /// let client = Client::new(rocket::ignite()).unwrap();
+    /// let mut req = client.post("/").header(ContentType::JSON);
+    /// req.set_body(r#"{ "key": "value", "array": [1, 2, 3], }"#);
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn set_body<S: AsRef<[u8]>>(&mut self, body: S) {
+        self.data = body.as_ref().into();
+    }
+
+    /// Dispatches the request, returning the response.
+    ///
+    /// This method consumes `self` and is the preferred mechanism for
+    /// dispatching.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::local::Client;
+    ///
+    /// let client = Client::new(rocket::ignite()).unwrap();
+    /// let response = client.get("/").dispatch();
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn dispatch(mut self) -> LocalResponse<'c> {
+        let r = self.long_lived_request();
+        LocalRequest::_dispatch(self.client, r, self.request, &self.uri, self.data)
+    }
+
+    /// Dispatches the request, returning the response.
+    ///
+    /// This method _does not_ consume or clone `self`. Any changes to the
+    /// request that occur during handling will be visible after this method is
+    /// called. For instance, body data is always consumed after a request is
+    /// dispatched. As such, only the first call to `mut_dispatch` for a given
+    /// `LocalRequest` will contains the original body data.
+    ///
+    /// This method should _only_ be used when either it is known that
+    /// the application will not modify the request, or it is desired to see
+    /// modifications to the request. Prefer to use [`dispatch`] instead.
+    ///
+    /// [`dispatch`]: #method.dispatch
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::local::Client;
+    ///
+    /// let client = Client::new(rocket::ignite()).unwrap();
+    ///
+    /// let mut req = client.get("/");
+    /// let response_a = req.mut_dispatch();
+    /// let response_b = req.mut_dispatch();
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn mut_dispatch(&mut self) -> LocalResponse<'c> {
+        let req = self.long_lived_request();
+        let data = ::std::mem::replace(&mut self.data, vec![]);
+        let rc_req = self.request.clone();
+        LocalRequest::_dispatch(self.client, req, rc_req, &self.uri, data)
+    }
+
+    // Performs the actual dispatch.
+    fn _dispatch(
+        client: &'c Client,
+        request: &'c mut Request<'c>,
+        owned_request: Rc<Request<'c>>,
+        uri: &str,
+        data: Vec<u8>
+    ) -> LocalResponse<'c> {
+        // First, validate the URI, returning an error response (generated from
+        // an error catcher) immediately if it's invalid.
+        if let Ok(uri) = Origin::parse(uri) {
+            request.set_uri(uri.into_owned());
+        } else {
+            error!("Malformed request URI: {}", uri);
+            let res = client.rocket().handle_error(Status::BadRequest, request);
+            return LocalResponse { _request: owned_request, response: res };
+        }
+
+        // Actually dispatch the request.
+        let response = client.rocket().dispatch(request, Data::local(data));
+
+        // If the client is tracking cookies, updates the internal cookie jar
+        // with the changes reflected by `response`.
+        if let Some(ref jar) = client.cookies {
+            let mut jar = jar.write().expect("LocalRequest::_dispatch() write lock");
+            let current_time = ::time::now();
+            for cookie in response.cookies() {
+                if let Some(expires) = cookie.expires() {
+                    if expires <= current_time {
+                        jar.force_remove(cookie);
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                jar.add(cookie.into_owned());
+            }
+        }
+
+        LocalResponse {
+            _request: owned_request,
+            response: response
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'c> fmt::Debug for LocalRequest<'c> {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+        fmt::Debug::fmt(&self.request, f)
+    }
+}
+
+/// A structure representing a response from dispatching a local request.
+///
+/// This structure is a thin wrapper around [`Response`]. It implements no
+/// methods of its own; all functionality is exposed via the [`Deref`] and
+/// [`DerefMut`] implementations with a target of `Response`. In other words,
+/// when invoking methods, a `LocalResponse` can be treated exactly as if it
+/// were a `Response`.
+pub struct LocalResponse<'c> {
+    _request: Rc<Request<'c>>,
+    response: Response<'c>,
+}
+
+impl<'c> Deref for LocalResponse<'c> {
+    type Target = Response<'c>;
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn deref(&self) -> &Response<'c> {
+        &self.response
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'c> DerefMut for LocalResponse<'c> {
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Response<'c> {
+        &mut self.response
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'c> fmt::Debug for LocalResponse<'c> {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+        fmt::Debug::fmt(&self.response, f)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'c> Clone for LocalRequest<'c> {
+    fn clone(&self) -> LocalRequest<'c> {
+        // Don't alias the existing `Request`. See #1312.
+        let mut request = Rc::new(self.inner().clone());
+        let ptr = Rc::get_mut(&mut request).unwrap() as *mut Request<'_>;
+
+        LocalRequest {
+            ptr, request,
+            client: self.client,
+            data: self.data.clone(),
+            uri: self.uri.clone()
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use crate::Request;
+    use crate::local::Client;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn clone_unique_ptr() {
+        let client = Client::new(crate::ignite()).unwrap();
+        let r1 = client.get("/");
+        let r2 = r1.clone();
+
+        assert_ne!(
+            r1.inner() as *const Request<'_>,
+            r2.inner() as *const Request<'_>
+        );
+    }
+
+    // #[test]
+    // #[compile_fail]
+    // fn local_req_not_sync() {
+    //     fn is_sync<T: Sync>() {  }
+    //     is_sync::<::local::LocalRequest>();
+    // }
+
+    // #[test]
+    // #[compile_fail]
+    // fn local_req_not_send() {
+    //     fn is_send<T: Send>() {  }
+    //     is_send::<::local::LocalRequest>();
+    // }
+
+    // #[test]
+    // #[compile_fail]
+    // fn local_req_not_sync() {
+    //     fn is_sync<T: Sync>() {  }
+    //     is_sync::<::local::LocalResponse>();
+    // }
+
+    // #[test]
+    // #[compile_fail]
+    // fn local_req_not_send() {
+    //     fn is_send<T: Send>() {  }
+    //     is_send::<::local::LocalResponse>();
+    // }
+
+    // This checks that a response can't outlive the `Client`.
+    // #[compile_fail]
+    // fn test() {
+    //     use {Rocket, local::Client};
+
+    //     let rocket = Rocket::ignite();
+    //     let res = {
+    //         let mut client = Client::new(rocket).unwrap();
+    //         client.get("/").dispatch()
+    //     };
+
+    //     // let client = Client::new(rocket).unwrap();
+    //     // let res1 = client.get("/").dispatch();
+    //     // let res2 = client.get("/").dispatch();
+    // }
+
+    // This checks that a response can't outlive the `Client`.
+    // #[compile_fail]
+    // fn test() {
+    //     use {Rocket, local::Client};
+
+    //     let rocket = Rocket::ignite();
+    //     let res = {
+    //         Client::new(rocket).unwrap()
+    //             .get("/").dispatch();
+    //     };
+
+    //     // let client = Client::new(rocket).unwrap();
+    //     // let res1 = client.get("/").dispatch();
+    //     // let res2 = client.get("/").dispatch();
+    // }
+
+    // This checks that a response can't outlive the `Client`, in this case, by
+    // moving `client` while it is borrowed.
+    // #[compile_fail]
+    // fn test() {
+    //     use {Rocket, local::Client};
+
+    //     let rocket = Rocket::ignite();
+    //     let client = Client::new(rocket).unwrap();
+
+    //     let res = {
+    //         let x = client.get("/").dispatch();
+    //         let y = client.get("/").dispatch();
+    //         (x, y)
+    //     };
+
+    //     let x = client;
+    // }
+
+    // #[compile_fail]
+    // fn test() {
+    //     use {Rocket, local::Client};
+
+    //     let rocket1 = Rocket::ignite();
+    //     let rocket2 = Rocket::ignite();
+
+    //     let client1 = Client::new(rocket1).unwrap();
+    //     let client2 = Client::new(rocket2).unwrap();
+
+    //     let res = {
+    //         let mut res1 = client1.get("/");
+    //         res1.client = &client2;
+    //         res1
+    //     };
+
+    //     drop(client1);
+    // }
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/logger.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/logger.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..27919093
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/logger.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,229 @@
+//! Rocket's logging infrastructure.
+
+use std::{fmt, env};
+use std::str::FromStr;
+
+use log;
+use yansi::Paint;
+
+pub(crate) const COLORS_ENV: &str = "ROCKET_CLI_COLORS";
+
+struct RocketLogger(LoggingLevel);
+
+/// Defines the different levels for log messages.
+#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+pub enum LoggingLevel {
+    /// Only shows errors, warnings, and launch information.
+    Critical,
+    /// Shows everything except debug and trace information.
+    Normal,
+    /// Shows everything.
+    Debug,
+    /// Shows nothing.
+    Off,
+}
+
+impl LoggingLevel {
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn to_level_filter(self) -> log::LevelFilter {
+        match self {
+            LoggingLevel::Critical => log::LevelFilter::Warn,
+            LoggingLevel::Normal => log::LevelFilter::Info,
+            LoggingLevel::Debug => log::LevelFilter::Trace,
+            LoggingLevel::Off => log::LevelFilter::Off
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl FromStr for LoggingLevel {
+    type Err = &'static str;
+
+    fn from_str(s: &str) -> Result<Self, Self::Err> {
+        let level = match s {
+            "critical" => LoggingLevel::Critical,
+            "normal" => LoggingLevel::Normal,
+            "debug" => LoggingLevel::Debug,
+            "off" => LoggingLevel::Off,
+            _ => return Err("a log level (off, debug, normal, critical)")
+        };
+
+        Ok(level)
+    }
+}
+
+impl fmt::Display for LoggingLevel {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+        let string = match *self {
+            LoggingLevel::Critical => "critical",
+            LoggingLevel::Normal => "normal",
+            LoggingLevel::Debug => "debug",
+            LoggingLevel::Off => "off"
+        };
+
+        write!(f, "{}", string)
+    }
+}
+
+#[doc(hidden)] #[macro_export]
+macro_rules! log_ { ($name:ident: $($args:tt)*) => { $name!(target: "_", $($args)*) }; }
+#[doc(hidden)] #[macro_export]
+macro_rules! launch_info { ($($args:tt)*) => { info!(target: "launch", $($args)*) } }
+#[doc(hidden)] #[macro_export]
+macro_rules! launch_info_ { ($($args:tt)*) => { info!(target: "launch_", $($args)*) } }
+#[doc(hidden)] #[macro_export]
+macro_rules! error_ { ($($args:expr),+) => { log_!(error: $($args),+) }; }
+#[doc(hidden)] #[macro_export]
+macro_rules! info_ { ($($args:expr),+) => { log_!(info: $($args),+) }; }
+#[doc(hidden)] #[macro_export]
+macro_rules! trace_ { ($($args:expr),+) => { log_!(trace: $($args),+); }; }
+#[doc(hidden)] #[macro_export]
+macro_rules! debug_ { ($($args:expr),+) => { log_!(debug: $($args),+); }; }
+#[doc(hidden)] #[macro_export]
+macro_rules! warn_ { ($($args:expr),+) => { log_!(warn: $($args),+) }; }
+
+impl log::Log for RocketLogger {
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn enabled(&self, record: &log::Metadata) -> bool {
+        match self.0.to_level_filter().to_level() {
+            Some(max) => record.level() <= max || record.target().starts_with("launch"),
+            None => false
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn log(&self, record: &log::Record) {
+        // Print nothing if this level isn't enabled and this isn't launch info.
+        if !self.enabled(record.metadata()) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // Don't print Hyper or Rustls messages unless debug is enabled.
+        let configged_level = self.0;
+        let from_hyper = record.module_path().map_or(false, |m| m.starts_with("hyper::"));
+        let from_rustls = record.module_path().map_or(false, |m| m.starts_with("rustls::"));
+        if configged_level != LoggingLevel::Debug && (from_hyper || from_rustls) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // In Rocket, we abuse targets with suffix "_" to indicate indentation.
+        let is_launch = record.target().starts_with("launch");
+        if record.target().ends_with('_') {
+            if configged_level != LoggingLevel::Critical || is_launch {
+                print!("    {} ", Paint::default("=>").bold());
+            }
+        }
+
+        match record.level() {
+            log::Level::Info => println!("{}", Paint::blue(record.args()).wrap()),
+            log::Level::Trace => println!("{}", Paint::magenta(record.args()).wrap()),
+            log::Level::Error => {
+                println!("{} {}",
+                         Paint::red("Error:").bold(),
+                         Paint::red(record.args()).wrap())
+            }
+            log::Level::Warn => {
+                println!("{} {}",
+                         Paint::yellow("Warning:").bold(),
+                         Paint::yellow(record.args()).wrap())
+            }
+            log::Level::Debug => {
+                print!("\n{} ", Paint::blue("-->").bold());
+                if let Some(file) = record.file() {
+                    print!("{}", Paint::blue(file));
+                }
+
+                if let Some(line) = record.line() {
+                    println!(":{}", Paint::blue(line));
+                }
+
+                println!("{}", record.args());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn flush(&self) {
+        // NOOP: We don't buffer any records.
+    }
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn try_init(level: LoggingLevel, verbose: bool) -> bool {
+    if level == LoggingLevel::Off {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if !::atty::is(::atty::Stream::Stdout)
+        || (cfg!(windows) && !Paint::enable_windows_ascii())
+        || env::var_os(COLORS_ENV).map(|v| v == "0" || v == "off").unwrap_or(false)
+    {
+        Paint::disable();
+    }
+
+    push_max_level(level);
+    if let Err(e) = log::set_boxed_logger(Box::new(RocketLogger(level))) {
+        if verbose {
+            eprintln!("Logger failed to initialize: {}", e);
+        }
+
+        pop_max_level();
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    true
+}
+
+use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicUsize, AtomicBool, Ordering};
+
+static PUSHED: AtomicBool = AtomicBool::new(false);
+static LAST_LOG_FILTER: AtomicUsize = AtomicUsize::new(0);
+
+fn filter_to_usize(filter: log::LevelFilter) -> usize {
+    match filter {
+        log::LevelFilter::Off => 0,
+        log::LevelFilter::Error => 1,
+        log::LevelFilter::Warn => 2,
+        log::LevelFilter::Info => 3,
+        log::LevelFilter::Debug => 4,
+        log::LevelFilter::Trace => 5,
+    }
+}
+
+fn usize_to_filter(num: usize) -> log::LevelFilter {
+    match num {
+        0 => log::LevelFilter::Off,
+        1 => log::LevelFilter::Error,
+        2 => log::LevelFilter::Warn,
+        3 => log::LevelFilter::Info,
+        4 => log::LevelFilter::Debug,
+        5 => log::LevelFilter::Trace,
+        _ => unreachable!("max num is 5 in filter_to_usize")
+    }
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn push_max_level(level: LoggingLevel) {
+    LAST_LOG_FILTER.store(filter_to_usize(log::max_level()), Ordering::Release);
+    PUSHED.store(true, Ordering::Release);
+    log::set_max_level(level.to_level_filter());
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn pop_max_level() {
+    if PUSHED.load(Ordering::Acquire) {
+        log::set_max_level(usize_to_filter(LAST_LOG_FILTER.load(Ordering::Acquire)));
+    }
+}
+
+#[doc(hidden)]
+pub fn init(level: LoggingLevel) -> bool {
+    try_init(level, true)
+}
+
+// Expose logging macros as (hidden) funcions for use by core/contrib codegen.
+macro_rules! external_log_function {
+    ($fn_name:ident: $macro_name:ident) => (
+        #[doc(hidden)] #[inline(always)]
+        pub fn $fn_name(msg: &str) { $macro_name!("{}", msg); }
+    )
+}
+
+external_log_function!(error: error);
+external_log_function!(error_: error_);
+external_log_function!(warn: warn);
+external_log_function!(warn_: warn_);
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/outcome.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/outcome.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8eae0fad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/outcome.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,692 @@
+//! Success, failure, and forward handling.
+//!
+//! The `Outcome<S, E, F>` type is similar to the standard library's `Result<S,
+//! E>` type. It is an enum with three variants, each containing a value:
+//! `Success(S)`, which represents a successful outcome, `Failure(E)`, which
+//! represents a failing outcome, and `Forward(F)`, which represents neither a
+//! success or failure, but instead, indicates that processing could not be
+//! handled and should instead be _forwarded_ to whatever can handle the
+//! processing next.
+//!
+//! The `Outcome` type is the return type of many of the core Rocket traits,
+//! including [`FromRequest`](crate::request::FromRequest), [`FromData`]
+//! [`Responder`]. It is also the return type of request handlers via the
+//! [`Response`](crate::response::Response) type.
+//!
+//! [`FromData`]: crate::data::FromData
+//! [`Responder`]: crate::response::Responder
+//!
+//! # Success
+//!
+//! A successful `Outcome<S, E, F>`, `Success(S)`, is returned from functions
+//! that complete successfully. The meaning of a `Success` outcome depends on
+//! the context. For instance, the `Outcome` of the `from_data` method of the
+//! [`FromData`] trait will be matched against the type expected by the user.
+//! For example, consider the following handler:
+//!
+//! ```rust,ignore
+//! #[post("/", data = "<my_val>")]
+//! fn hello(my_val: S) -> ... {  }
+//! ```
+//!
+//! The [`FromData`] implementation for the type `S` returns an `Outcome` with a
+//! `Success(S)`. If `from_data` returns a `Success`, the `Success` value will
+//! be unwrapped and the value will be used as the value of `my_val`.
+//!
+//! # Failure
+//!
+//! A failure `Outcome<S, E, F>`, `Failure(E)`, is returned when a function
+//! fails with some error and no processing can or should continue as a result.
+//! The meaning of a failure depends on the context.
+//!
+//! In Rocket, a `Failure` generally means that a request is taken out of normal
+//! processing. The request is then given to the catcher corresponding to some
+//! status code. Users can catch failures by requesting a type of `Result<S, E>`
+//! or `Option<S>` in request handlers. For example, if a user's handler looks
+//! like:
+//!
+//! ```rust,ignore
+//! #[post("/", data = "<my_val>")]
+//! fn hello(my_val: Result<S, E>) -> ... {  }
+//! ```
+//!
+//! The [`FromData`] implementation for the type `S` returns an `Outcome` with a
+//! `Success(S)` and `Failure(E)`. If `from_data` returns a `Failure`, the
+//! `Failure` value will be unwrapped and the value will be used as the `Err`
+//! value of `my_val` while a `Success` will be unwrapped and used the `Ok`
+//! value.
+//!
+//! # Forward
+//!
+//! A forward `Outcome<S, E, F>`, `Forward(F)`, is returned when a function
+//! wants to indicate that the requested processing should be _forwarded_ to the
+//! next available processor. Again, the exact meaning depends on the context.
+//!
+//! In Rocket, a `Forward` generally means that a request is forwarded to the
+//! next available request handler. For example, consider the following request
+//! handler:
+//!
+//! ```rust,ignore
+//! #[post("/", data = "<my_val>")]
+//! fn hello(my_val: S) -> ... {  }
+//! ```
+//!
+//! The [`FromData`] implementation for the type `S` returns an `Outcome` with a
+//! `Success(S)`, `Failure(E)`, and `Forward(F)`. If the `Outcome` is a
+//! `Forward`, the `hello` handler isn't called. Instead, the incoming request
+//! is forwarded, or passed on to, the next matching route, if any. Ultimately,
+//! if there are no non-forwarding routes, forwarded requests are handled by the
+//! 404 catcher. Similar to `Failure`s, users can catch `Forward`s by requesting
+//! a type of `Option<S>`. If an `Outcome` is a `Forward`, the `Option` will be
+//! `None`.
+
+use std::fmt;
+use std::ops::{Try, ControlFlow, FromResidual};
+
+use yansi::{Paint, Color};
+
+use self::Outcome::*;
+
+/// An enum representing success (`Success`), failure (`Failure`), or
+/// forwarding (`Forward`).
+///
+/// See the [top level documentation](::outcome) for detailed information.
+#[must_use]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
+pub enum Outcome<S, E, F> {
+    /// Contains the success value.
+    Success(S),
+    /// Contains the failure error value.
+    Failure(E),
+    /// Contains the value to forward on.
+    Forward(F),
+}
+
+/// Conversion trait from some type into an Outcome type.
+pub trait IntoOutcome<S, E, F> {
+    /// The type to use when returning an `Outcome::Failure`.
+    type Failure: Sized;
+
+    /// The type to use when returning an `Outcome::Forward`.
+    type Forward: Sized;
+
+    /// Converts `self` into an `Outcome`. If `self` represents a success, an
+    /// `Outcome::Success` is returned. Otherwise, an `Outcome::Failure` is
+    /// returned with `failure` as the inner value.
+    fn into_outcome(self, failure: Self::Failure) -> Outcome<S, E, F>;
+
+    /// Converts `self` into an `Outcome`. If `self` represents a success, an
+    /// `Outcome::Success` is returned. Otherwise, an `Outcome::Forward` is
+    /// returned with `forward` as the inner value.
+    fn or_forward(self, forward: Self::Forward) -> Outcome<S, E, F>;
+}
+
+impl<S, E, F> IntoOutcome<S, E, F> for Option<S> {
+    type Failure = E;
+    type Forward = F;
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn into_outcome(self, failure: E) -> Outcome<S, E, F> {
+        match self {
+            Some(val) => Success(val),
+            None => Failure(failure)
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn or_forward(self, forward: F) -> Outcome<S, E, F> {
+        match self {
+            Some(val) => Success(val),
+            None => Forward(forward)
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<S, E, F> Outcome<S, E, F> {
+    /// Unwraps the Outcome, yielding the contents of a Success.
+    ///
+    /// # Panics
+    ///
+    /// Panics if the value is not `Success`.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # use rocket::outcome::Outcome;
+    /// # use rocket::outcome::Outcome::*;
+    /// #
+    /// let x: Outcome<i32, &str, usize> = Success(10);
+    /// assert_eq!(x.unwrap(), 10);
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn unwrap(self) -> S {
+        match self {
+            Success(val) => val,
+            _ => panic!("Expected a successful outcome!")
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Unwraps the Outcome, yielding the contents of a Success.
+    ///
+    /// # Panics
+    ///
+    /// If the value is not `Success`, panics with the given `message`.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # use rocket::outcome::Outcome;
+    /// # use rocket::outcome::Outcome::*;
+    /// #
+    /// let x: Outcome<i32, &str, usize> = Success(10);
+    /// assert_eq!(x.expect("success value"), 10);
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn expect(self, message: &str) -> S {
+        match self {
+            Success(val) => val,
+            _ => panic!("Outcome::expect() failed: {}", message)
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Return true if this `Outcome` is a `Success`.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # use rocket::outcome::Outcome;
+    /// # use rocket::outcome::Outcome::*;
+    /// #
+    /// let x: Outcome<i32, &str, usize> = Success(10);
+    /// assert_eq!(x.is_success(), true);
+    ///
+    /// let x: Outcome<i32, &str, usize> = Failure("Hi! I'm an error.");
+    /// assert_eq!(x.is_success(), false);
+    ///
+    /// let x: Outcome<i32, &str, usize> = Forward(25);
+    /// assert_eq!(x.is_success(), false);
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn is_success(&self) -> bool {
+        match *self {
+            Success(_) => true,
+            _ => false
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Return true if this `Outcome` is a `Failure`.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # use rocket::outcome::Outcome;
+    /// # use rocket::outcome::Outcome::*;
+    /// #
+    /// let x: Outcome<i32, &str, usize> = Success(10);
+    /// assert_eq!(x.is_failure(), false);
+    ///
+    /// let x: Outcome<i32, &str, usize> = Failure("Hi! I'm an error.");
+    /// assert_eq!(x.is_failure(), true);
+    ///
+    /// let x: Outcome<i32, &str, usize> = Forward(25);
+    /// assert_eq!(x.is_failure(), false);
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn is_failure(&self) -> bool {
+        match *self {
+            Failure(_) => true,
+            _ => false
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Return true if this `Outcome` is a `Forward`.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # use rocket::outcome::Outcome;
+    /// # use rocket::outcome::Outcome::*;
+    /// #
+    /// let x: Outcome<i32, &str, usize> = Success(10);
+    /// assert_eq!(x.is_forward(), false);
+    ///
+    /// let x: Outcome<i32, &str, usize> = Failure("Hi! I'm an error.");
+    /// assert_eq!(x.is_forward(), false);
+    ///
+    /// let x: Outcome<i32, &str, usize> = Forward(25);
+    /// assert_eq!(x.is_forward(), true);
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn is_forward(&self) -> bool {
+        match *self {
+            Forward(_) => true,
+            _ => false
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Converts from `Outcome<S, E, F>` to `Option<S>`.
+    ///
+    /// Returns the `Some` of the `Success` if this is a `Success`, otherwise
+    /// returns `None`. `self` is consumed, and all other values are discarded.
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # use rocket::outcome::Outcome;
+    /// # use rocket::outcome::Outcome::*;
+    /// #
+    /// let x: Outcome<i32, &str, usize> = Success(10);
+    /// assert_eq!(x.succeeded(), Some(10));
+    ///
+    /// let x: Outcome<i32, &str, usize> = Failure("Hi! I'm an error.");
+    /// assert_eq!(x.succeeded(), None);
+    ///
+    /// let x: Outcome<i32, &str, usize> = Forward(25);
+    /// assert_eq!(x.succeeded(), None);
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn succeeded(self) -> Option<S> {
+        match self {
+            Success(val) => Some(val),
+            _ => None
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Converts from `Outcome<S, E, F>` to `Option<E>`.
+    ///
+    /// Returns the `Some` of the `Failure` if this is a `Failure`, otherwise
+    /// returns `None`. `self` is consumed, and all other values are discarded.
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # use rocket::outcome::Outcome;
+    /// # use rocket::outcome::Outcome::*;
+    /// #
+    /// let x: Outcome<i32, &str, usize> = Success(10);
+    /// assert_eq!(x.failed(), None);
+    ///
+    /// let x: Outcome<i32, &str, usize> = Failure("Hi! I'm an error.");
+    /// assert_eq!(x.failed(), Some("Hi! I'm an error."));
+    ///
+    /// let x: Outcome<i32, &str, usize> = Forward(25);
+    /// assert_eq!(x.failed(), None);
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn failed(self) -> Option<E> {
+        match self {
+            Failure(val) => Some(val),
+            _ => None
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Converts from `Outcome<S, E, F>` to `Option<F>`.
+    ///
+    /// Returns the `Some` of the `Forward` if this is a `Forward`, otherwise
+    /// returns `None`. `self` is consumed, and all other values are discarded.
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # use rocket::outcome::Outcome;
+    /// # use rocket::outcome::Outcome::*;
+    /// #
+    /// let x: Outcome<i32, &str, usize> = Success(10);
+    /// assert_eq!(x.forwarded(), None);
+    ///
+    /// let x: Outcome<i32, &str, usize> = Failure("Hi! I'm an error.");
+    /// assert_eq!(x.forwarded(), None);
+    ///
+    /// let x: Outcome<i32, &str, usize> = Forward(25);
+    /// assert_eq!(x.forwarded(), Some(25));
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn forwarded(self) -> Option<F> {
+        match self {
+            Forward(val) => Some(val),
+            _ => None
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Converts from `Outcome<S, E, F>` to `Result<S, T>` for a given `T`.
+    ///
+    /// Returns `Ok` with the `Success` value if this is a `Success`, otherwise
+    /// returns an `Err` with the provided value. `self` is consumed, and all
+    /// other values are discarded.
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # use rocket::outcome::Outcome;
+    /// # use rocket::outcome::Outcome::*;
+    /// #
+    /// let x: Outcome<i32, &str, usize> = Success(10);
+    /// assert_eq!(x.success_or(false), Ok(10));
+    ///
+    /// let x: Outcome<i32, &str, usize> = Failure("Hi! I'm an error.");
+    /// assert_eq!(x.success_or(false), Err(false));
+    ///
+    /// let x: Outcome<i32, &str, usize> = Forward(25);
+    /// assert_eq!(x.success_or("whoops"), Err("whoops"));
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn success_or<T>(self, value: T) -> Result<S, T> {
+        match self {
+            Success(val) => Ok(val),
+            _ => Err(value)
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Converts from `Outcome<S, E, F>` to `Result<S, T>` for a given `T`
+    /// produced from a supplied function or closure.
+    ///
+    /// Returns `Ok` with the `Success` value if this is a `Success`, otherwise
+    /// returns an `Err` with the result of calling `f`. `self` is consumed, and
+    /// all other values are discarded.
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # use rocket::outcome::Outcome;
+    /// # use rocket::outcome::Outcome::*;
+    /// #
+    /// let x: Outcome<i32, &str, usize> = Success(10);
+    /// assert_eq!(x.success_or_else(|| false), Ok(10));
+    ///
+    /// let x: Outcome<i32, &str, usize> = Failure("Hi! I'm an error.");
+    /// assert_eq!(x.success_or_else(|| false), Err(false));
+    ///
+    /// let x: Outcome<i32, &str, usize> = Forward(25);
+    /// assert_eq!(x.success_or_else(|| "whoops"), Err("whoops"));
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn success_or_else<T, V: FnOnce() -> T>(self, f: V) -> Result<S, T> {
+        match self {
+            Success(val) => Ok(val),
+            _ => Err(f())
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Converts from `Outcome<S, E, F>` to `Outcome<&S, &E, &F>`.
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # use rocket::outcome::Outcome;
+    /// # use rocket::outcome::Outcome::*;
+    /// #
+    /// let x: Outcome<i32, &str, usize> = Success(10);
+    /// assert_eq!(x.as_ref(), Success(&10));
+    ///
+    /// let x: Outcome<i32, &str, usize> = Failure("Hi! I'm an error.");
+    /// assert_eq!(x.as_ref(), Failure(&"Hi! I'm an error."));
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn as_ref(&self) -> Outcome<&S, &E, &F> {
+        match *self {
+            Success(ref val) => Success(val),
+            Failure(ref val) => Failure(val),
+            Forward(ref val) => Forward(val),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Maps an `Outcome<S, E, F>` to an `Outcome<T, E, F>` by applying the
+    /// function `f` to the value of type `S` in `self` if `self` is an
+    /// `Outcome::Success`.
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # use rocket::outcome::Outcome;
+    /// # use rocket::outcome::Outcome::*;
+    /// #
+    /// let x: Outcome<i32, &str, usize> = Success(10);
+    ///
+    /// let mapped = x.map(|v| if v == 10 { "10" } else { "not 10" });
+    /// assert_eq!(mapped, Success("10"));
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn map<T, M: FnOnce(S) -> T>(self, f: M) -> Outcome<T, E, F> {
+        match self {
+            Success(val) => Success(f(val)),
+            Failure(val) => Failure(val),
+            Forward(val) => Forward(val),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Maps an `Outcome<S, E, F>` to an `Outcome<S, T, F>` by applying the
+    /// function `f` to the value of type `E` in `self` if `self` is an
+    /// `Outcome::Failure`.
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # use rocket::outcome::Outcome;
+    /// # use rocket::outcome::Outcome::*;
+    /// #
+    /// let x: Outcome<i32, &str, usize> = Failure("hi");
+    ///
+    /// let mapped = x.map_failure(|v| if v == "hi" { 10 } else { 0 });
+    /// assert_eq!(mapped, Failure(10));
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn map_failure<T, M: FnOnce(E) -> T>(self, f: M) -> Outcome<S, T, F> {
+        match self {
+            Success(val) => Success(val),
+            Failure(val) => Failure(f(val)),
+            Forward(val) => Forward(val),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Maps an `Outcome<S, E, F>` to an `Outcome<S, E, T>` by applying the
+    /// function `f` to the value of type `F` in `self` if `self` is an
+    /// `Outcome::Forward`.
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # use rocket::outcome::Outcome;
+    /// # use rocket::outcome::Outcome::*;
+    /// #
+    /// let x: Outcome<i32, &str, usize> = Forward(5);
+    ///
+    /// let mapped = x.map_forward(|v| if v == 5 { "a" } else { "b" });
+    /// assert_eq!(mapped, Forward("a"));
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn map_forward<T, M: FnOnce(F) -> T>(self, f: M) -> Outcome<S, E, T> {
+        match self {
+            Success(val) => Success(val),
+            Failure(val) => Failure(val),
+            Forward(val) => Forward(f(val)),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Maps an `Outcome<S, E, F>` to an `Outcome<T, E, F>` by applying the
+    /// function `f` to the value of type `S` in `self` if `self` is an
+    /// `Outcome::Success`.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # use rocket::outcome::Outcome;
+    /// # use rocket::outcome::Outcome::*;
+    /// #
+    /// let x: Outcome<i32, &str, bool> = Success(10);
+    ///
+    /// let mapped = x.and_then(|v| match v {
+    ///    10 => Success("10"),
+    ///    1 => Forward(false),
+    ///    _ => Failure("30")
+    /// });
+    ///
+    /// assert_eq!(mapped, Success("10"));
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn and_then<T, M: FnOnce(S) -> Outcome<T, E, F>>(self, f: M) -> Outcome<T, E, F> {
+        match self {
+            Success(val) => f(val),
+            Failure(val) => Failure(val),
+            Forward(val) => Forward(val),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Maps an `Outcome<S, E, F>` to an `Outcome<S, T, F>` by applying the
+    /// function `f` to the value of type `E` in `self` if `self` is an
+    /// `Outcome::Failure`.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # use rocket::outcome::Outcome;
+    /// # use rocket::outcome::Outcome::*;
+    /// #
+    /// let x: Outcome<i32, &str, bool> = Failure("hi");
+    ///
+    /// let mapped = x.failure_then(|v| match v {
+    ///    "hi" => Failure(10),
+    ///    "test" => Forward(false),
+    ///    _ => Success(10)
+    /// });
+    ///
+    /// assert_eq!(mapped, Failure(10));
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn failure_then<T, M: FnOnce(E) -> Outcome<S, T, F>>(self, f: M) -> Outcome<S, T, F> {
+        match self {
+            Success(val) => Success(val),
+            Failure(val) => f(val),
+            Forward(val) => Forward(val),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Maps an `Outcome<S, E, F>` to an `Outcome<S, E, T>` by applying the
+    /// function `f` to the value of type `F` in `self` if `self` is an
+    /// `Outcome::Forward`.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # use rocket::outcome::Outcome;
+    /// # use rocket::outcome::Outcome::*;
+    /// #
+    /// let x: Outcome<i32, &str, Option<bool>> = Forward(Some(false));
+    ///
+    /// let mapped = x.forward_then(|v| match v {
+    ///    Some(true) => Success(10),
+    ///    Some(false) => Forward(20),
+    ///    None => Failure("10")
+    /// });
+    ///
+    /// assert_eq!(mapped, Forward(20));
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn forward_then<T, M: FnOnce(F) -> Outcome<S, E, T>>(self, f: M) -> Outcome<S, E, T> {
+        match self {
+            Success(val) => Success(val),
+            Failure(val) => Failure(val),
+            Forward(val) => f(val),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Converts from `Outcome<S, E, F>` to `Outcome<&mut S, &mut E, &mut F>`.
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # use rocket::outcome::Outcome;
+    /// # use rocket::outcome::Outcome::*;
+    /// #
+    /// let mut x: Outcome<i32, &str, usize> = Success(10);
+    /// if let Success(val) = x.as_mut() {
+    ///     *val = 20;
+    /// }
+    ///
+    /// assert_eq!(x.unwrap(), 20);
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn as_mut(&mut self) -> Outcome<&mut S, &mut E, &mut F> {
+        match *self {
+            Success(ref mut val) => Success(val),
+            Failure(ref mut val) => Failure(val),
+            Forward(ref mut val) => Forward(val),
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn formatting(&self) -> (Color, &'static str) {
+        match *self {
+            Success(..) => (Color::Green, "Success"),
+            Failure(..) => (Color::Red, "Failure"),
+            Forward(..) => (Color::Yellow, "Forward"),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<Y, S, E: From<Y>, F> FromResidual<Result<std::convert::Infallible, Y>> for Outcome<S, E, F> {
+    fn from_residual(r: Result<std::convert::Infallible, Y>) -> Self {
+        match r {
+            Ok(never) => match never {},
+            Err(y) => Outcome::Failure(y.into()),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<S, X, E: From<X>, Y, F: From<Y>> FromResidual<Outcome<!, X, Y>> for Outcome<S, E, F> {
+    fn from_residual(r: Outcome<!, X, Y>) -> Self {
+        match r {
+            Outcome::Success(never) => match never {},
+            Outcome::Failure(x) => Outcome::Failure(x.into()),
+            Outcome::Forward(y) => Outcome::Forward(y.into()),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<A, B, C> Try for Outcome<A, B, C> {
+    type Output = A;
+
+    type Residual = Outcome<!, B, C>;
+
+    fn from_output(x: Self::Output) -> Self {
+        Outcome::Success(x)
+    }
+
+    fn branch(self) -> ControlFlow<Self::Residual, Self::Output> {
+        match self {
+            Outcome::Success(a) => ControlFlow::Continue(a),
+            Outcome::Forward(b) => ControlFlow::Break(Outcome::Forward(b)),
+            Outcome::Failure(c) => ControlFlow::Break(Outcome::Failure(c))
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<A, B, C> std::ops::Residual<A> for Outcome<!, B, C> {
+    type TryType = Outcome<A, B, C>;
+}
+
+impl<S, E, F> fmt::Debug for Outcome<S, E, F> {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+        write!(f, "Outcome::{}", self.formatting().1)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<S, E, F> fmt::Display for Outcome<S, E, F> {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+        let (color, string) = self.formatting();
+        write!(f, "{}", Paint::default(string).fg(color))
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+    use super::Outcome::{self, *};
+
+    macro_rules! fake_try {
+        ($e:block) => {
+            (||{
+                std::ops::Try::from_output($e)
+            })()
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn outcome_try_trait() {
+        let r: Outcome<u16, String, f64> = fake_try! {{ 3 }};
+        assert_eq!(r, Success(3));
+        let r: Outcome<u16, String, f64> = fake_try! {{ Success::<_, &'static str, f32>(3)? }};
+        assert_eq!(r, Success(3));
+        let r: Outcome<u16, String, f64> = fake_try! {{ Failure::<u64, _, f32>("oops")?; 7 }};
+        assert_eq!(r, Failure(String::from("oops")));
+        let r: Outcome<u16, String, f64> = fake_try! {{ Forward::<u64, &'static str, _>(1234.5_f32)?; 7 }};
+        assert_eq!(r, Forward(1234.5));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn can_use_question_mark_on_result_in_function_returning_outcome() {
+        fn demo() -> Outcome<i128, String, f32> {
+            Err("problem")?;
+            unreachable!()
+        }
+        assert_eq!(demo(), Failure(String::from("problem")));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/request/form/error.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/request/form/error.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b8f0bf18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/request/form/error.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+use std::io;
+use http::RawStr;
+
+/// Error returned by the [`FromForm`](::request::FromForm) derive on form
+/// parsing errors.
+///
+/// If multiple errors occur while parsing a form, the first error in the
+/// following precedence, from highest to lowest, is returned:
+///
+///   * `BadValue` or `Unknown` in incoming form string field order
+///   * `Missing` in lexical field order
+#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+pub enum FormParseError<'f> {
+    /// The field named `.0` with value `.1` failed to parse or validate.
+    BadValue(&'f RawStr, &'f RawStr),
+    /// The parse was strict and the field named `.0` with value `.1` appeared
+    /// in the incoming form string but was unexpected.
+    ///
+    /// This error cannot occur when parsing is lenient.
+    Unknown(&'f RawStr, &'f RawStr),
+    /// The field named `.0` was expected but is missing in the incoming form.
+    Missing(&'f RawStr),
+}
+
+/// Error returned by the [`FromData`](::data::FromData) implementations of
+/// [`Form`](::request::Form) and [`LenientForm`](::request::LenientForm).
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub enum FormDataError<'f, E> {
+    /// An I/O error occurred while reading reading the data stream. This can
+    /// also mean that the form contained invalid UTF-8.
+    Io(io::Error),
+    /// The form string (in `.0`) is malformed and was unable to be parsed as
+    /// HTTP `application/x-www-form-urlencoded` data.
+    Malformed(&'f str),
+    /// The form string (in `.1`) failed to parse as the intended structure. The
+    /// error type in `.0` contains further details.
+    Parse(E, &'f str)
+}
+
+/// Alias to the type of form errors returned by the [`FromData`]
+/// implementations of [`Form<T>`] where the [`FromForm`] implementation for `T`
+/// was derived.
+///
+/// This alias is particularly useful when "catching" form errors in routes.
+///
+/// [`FromData`]: ::data::FromData
+/// [`Form<T>`]: ::request::Form
+/// [`FromForm`]: ::request::FromForm
+///
+/// # Example
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// # #![feature(proc_macro_hygiene, decl_macro)]
+/// # #[macro_use] extern crate rocket;
+/// use rocket::request::{Form, FormError, FormDataError};
+///
+/// #[derive(FromForm)]
+/// struct Input {
+///     value: String,
+/// }
+///
+/// #[post("/", data = "<sink>")]
+/// fn submit(sink: Result<Form<Input>, FormError>) -> String {
+///     match sink {
+///         Ok(form) => form.into_inner().value,
+///         Err(FormDataError::Io(_)) => "I/O error".into(),
+///         Err(FormDataError::Malformed(f)) | Err(FormDataError::Parse(_, f)) => {
+///             format!("invalid form input: {}", f)
+///         }
+///     }
+/// }
+/// # fn main() {}
+/// ```
+pub type FormError<'f> = FormDataError<'f, FormParseError<'f>>;
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/request/form/form.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/request/form/form.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e8d39a90
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/request/form/form.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,229 @@
+use std::ops::Deref;
+
+use outcome::Outcome::*;
+use request::{Request, form::{FromForm, FormItems, FormDataError}};
+use data::{Outcome, Transform, Transformed, Data, FromData};
+use http::{Status, uri::{Query, FromUriParam}};
+
+/// A data guard for parsing [`FromForm`] types strictly.
+///
+/// This type implements the [`FromData`] trait. It provides a generic means to
+/// parse arbitrary structures from incoming form data.
+///
+/// # Strictness
+///
+/// A `Form<T>` will parse successfully from an incoming form only if the form
+/// contains the exact set of fields in `T`. Said another way, a `Form<T>` will
+/// error on missing and/or extra fields. For instance, if an incoming form
+/// contains the fields "a", "b", and "c" while `T` only contains "a" and "c",
+/// the form _will not_ parse as `Form<T>`. If you would like to admit extra
+/// fields without error, see [`LenientForm`](::request::LenientForm).
+///
+/// # Usage
+///
+/// This type can be used with any type that implements the `FromForm` trait.
+/// The trait can be automatically derived; see the [`FromForm`] documentation
+/// for more information on deriving or implementing the trait.
+///
+/// Because `Form` implements `FromData`, it can be used directly as a target of
+/// the `data = "<param>"` route parameter as long as its generic type
+/// implements the `FromForm` trait:
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// # #![feature(proc_macro_hygiene, decl_macro)]
+/// # #[macro_use] extern crate rocket;
+/// use rocket::request::Form;
+/// use rocket::http::RawStr;
+///
+/// #[derive(FromForm)]
+/// struct UserInput<'f> {
+///     // The raw, undecoded value. You _probably_ want `String` instead.
+///     value: &'f RawStr
+/// }
+///
+/// #[post("/submit", data = "<user_input>")]
+/// fn submit_task(user_input: Form<UserInput>) -> String {
+///     format!("Your value: {}", user_input.value)
+/// }
+/// # fn main() {  }
+/// ```
+///
+/// A type of `Form<T>` automatically dereferences into an `&T`, though you can
+/// also transform a `Form<T>` into a `T` by calling
+/// [`into_inner()`](Form::into_inner()). Thanks to automatic dereferencing, you
+/// can access fields of `T` transparently through a `Form<T>`, as seen above
+/// with `user_input.value`.
+///
+/// For posterity, the owned analog of the `UserInput` type above is:
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// struct OwnedUserInput {
+///     // The decoded value. You _probably_ want this.
+///     value: String
+/// }
+/// ```
+///
+/// A handler that handles a form of this type can similarly by written:
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// # #![feature(proc_macro_hygiene, decl_macro)]
+/// # #![allow(deprecated, unused_attributes)]
+/// # #[macro_use] extern crate rocket;
+/// # use rocket::request::Form;
+/// # #[derive(FromForm)]
+/// # struct OwnedUserInput {
+/// #     value: String
+/// # }
+/// #[post("/submit", data = "<user_input>")]
+/// fn submit_task(user_input: Form<OwnedUserInput>) -> String {
+///     format!("Your value: {}", user_input.value)
+/// }
+/// # fn main() {  }
+/// ```
+///
+/// Note that no lifetime annotations are required in either case.
+///
+/// ## `&RawStr` vs. `String`
+///
+/// Whether you should use a `&RawStr` or `String` in your `FromForm` type
+/// depends on your use case. The primary question to answer is: _Can the input
+/// contain characters that must be URL encoded?_ Note that this includes common
+/// characters such as spaces. If so, then you must use `String`, whose
+/// [`FromFormValue`](::request::FromFormValue) implementation automatically URL
+/// decodes the value. Because the `&RawStr` references will refer directly to
+/// the underlying form data, they will be raw and URL encoded.
+///
+/// If it is known that string values will not contain URL encoded characters,
+/// or you wish to handle decoding and validation yourself, using `&RawStr` will
+/// result in fewer allocation and is thus preferred.
+///
+/// ## Incoming Data Limits
+///
+/// The default size limit for incoming form data is 32KiB. Setting a limit
+/// protects your application from denial of service (DOS) attacks and from
+/// resource exhaustion through high memory consumption. The limit can be
+/// increased by setting the `limits.forms` configuration parameter. For
+/// instance, to increase the forms limit to 512KiB for all environments, you
+/// may add the following to your `Rocket.toml`:
+///
+/// ```toml
+/// [global.limits]
+/// forms = 524288
+/// ```
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct Form<T>(pub T);
+
+impl<T> Form<T> {
+    /// Consumes `self` and returns the parsed value.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # #![feature(proc_macro_hygiene, decl_macro)]
+    /// # #[macro_use] extern crate rocket;
+    /// use rocket::request::Form;
+    ///
+    /// #[derive(FromForm)]
+    /// struct MyForm {
+    ///     field: String,
+    /// }
+    ///
+    /// #[post("/submit", data = "<form>")]
+    /// fn submit(form: Form<MyForm>) -> String {
+    ///     form.into_inner().field
+    /// }
+    /// # fn main() { }
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn into_inner(self) -> T {
+        self.0
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T> Deref for Form<T> {
+    type Target = T;
+
+    fn deref(&self) -> &T {
+        &self.0
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'f, T: FromForm<'f>> Form<T> {
+    pub(crate) fn from_data(
+        form_str: &'f str,
+        strict: bool
+    ) -> Outcome<T, FormDataError<'f, T::Error>> {
+        use self::FormDataError::*;
+
+        let mut items = FormItems::from(form_str);
+        let result = T::from_form(&mut items, strict);
+        if !items.exhaust() {
+            error_!("The request's form string was malformed.");
+            return Failure((Status::BadRequest, Malformed(form_str)));
+        }
+
+        match result {
+            Ok(v) => Success(v),
+            Err(e) => {
+                error_!("The incoming form failed to parse.");
+                Failure((Status::UnprocessableEntity, Parse(e, form_str)))
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Parses a `Form` from incoming form data.
+///
+/// If the content type of the request data is not
+/// `application/x-www-form-urlencoded`, `Forward`s the request. If the form
+/// data cannot be parsed into a `T`, a `Failure` with status code
+/// `UnprocessableEntity` is returned. If the form string is malformed, a
+/// `Failure` with status code `BadRequest` is returned. Finally, if reading the
+/// incoming stream fails, returns a `Failure` with status code
+/// `InternalServerError`. In all failure cases, the raw form string is returned
+/// if it was able to be retrieved from the incoming stream.
+///
+/// All relevant warnings and errors are written to the console in Rocket
+/// logging format.
+impl<'f, T: FromForm<'f>> FromData<'f> for Form<T> {
+    type Error = FormDataError<'f, T::Error>;
+    type Owned = String;
+    type Borrowed = str;
+
+    fn transform(
+        request: &Request,
+        data: Data
+    ) -> Transform<Outcome<Self::Owned, Self::Error>> {
+        use std::{cmp::min, io::Read};
+
+        let outcome = 'o: {
+            if !request.content_type().map_or(false, |ct| ct.is_form()) {
+                warn_!("Form data does not have form content type.");
+                break 'o Forward(data);
+            }
+
+            let limit = request.limits().forms;
+            let mut stream = data.open().take(limit);
+            let mut form_string = String::with_capacity(min(4096, limit) as usize);
+            if let Err(e) = stream.read_to_string(&mut form_string) {
+                break 'o Failure((Status::InternalServerError, FormDataError::Io(e)));
+            }
+
+            break 'o Success(form_string);
+        };
+
+        Transform::Borrowed(outcome)
+    }
+
+    fn from_data(_: &Request, o: Transformed<'f, Self>) -> Outcome<Self, Self::Error> {
+        <Form<T>>::from_data(o.borrowed()?, true).map(Form)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'f, A, T: FromUriParam<Query, A> + FromForm<'f>> FromUriParam<Query, A> for Form<T> {
+    type Target = T::Target;
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn from_uri_param(param: A) -> Self::Target {
+        T::from_uri_param(param)
+    }
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/request/form/form_items.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/request/form/form_items.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7ccbeefe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/request/form/form_items.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,484 @@
+use memchr::memchr2;
+
+use http::RawStr;
+
+/// Iterator over the key/value pairs of a given HTTP form string.
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// use rocket::request::{FormItems, FromFormValue};
+///
+/// // Using the `key_value_decoded` method of `FormItem`.
+/// let form_string = "greeting=Hello%2C+Mark%21&username=jake%2Fother";
+/// for (key, value) in FormItems::from(form_string).map(|i| i.key_value_decoded()) {
+///     match &*key {
+///         "greeting" => assert_eq!(value, "Hello, Mark!".to_string()),
+///         "username" => assert_eq!(value, "jake/other".to_string()),
+///         _ => unreachable!()
+///     }
+/// }
+///
+/// // Accessing the fields of `FormItem` directly, including `raw`.
+/// for item in FormItems::from(form_string) {
+///     match item.key.as_str() {
+///         "greeting" => {
+///             assert_eq!(item.raw, "greeting=Hello%2C+Mark%21");
+///             assert_eq!(item.value, "Hello%2C+Mark%21");
+///             assert_eq!(item.value.url_decode(), Ok("Hello, Mark!".into()));
+///         }
+///         "username" => {
+///             assert_eq!(item.raw, "username=jake%2Fother");
+///             assert_eq!(item.value, "jake%2Fother");
+///             assert_eq!(item.value.url_decode(), Ok("jake/other".into()));
+///         }
+///         _ => unreachable!()
+///     }
+/// }
+/// ```
+///
+/// # Form Items via. `FormItem`
+///
+/// This iterator returns values of the type [`FormItem`]. To access the
+/// associated key/value pairs of the form item, either directly access them via
+/// the [`key`](FormItem::key) and [`value`](FormItem::value) fields, use the
+/// [`FormItem::key_value()`] method to get a tuple of the _raw_ `(key, value)`,
+/// or use the [`key_value_decoded()`](FormItem::key_value_decoded()) method to
+/// get a tuple of the decoded (`key`, `value`).
+///
+/// # Completion
+///
+/// The iterator keeps track of whether the form string was parsed to completion
+/// to determine if the form string was malformed. The iterator can be queried
+/// for completion via the [`completed()`](#method.completed) method, which
+/// returns `true` if the iterator parsed the entire string that was passed to
+/// it. The iterator can also attempt to parse any remaining contents via
+/// [`exhaust()`](#method.exhaust); this method returns `true` if exhaustion
+/// succeeded.
+///
+/// This iterator guarantees that all valid form strings are parsed to
+/// completion. The iterator attempts to be lenient. In particular, it allows
+/// the following oddball behavior:
+///
+///   * Trailing and consecutive `&` characters are allowed.
+///   * Empty keys and/or values are allowed.
+///
+/// Additionally, the iterator skips items with both an empty key _and_ an empty
+/// value: at least one of the two must be non-empty to be returned from this
+/// iterator.
+///
+/// # Examples
+///
+/// `FormItems` can be used directly as an iterator:
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// use rocket::request::FormItems;
+///
+/// // prints "greeting = hello", "username = jake", and "done = "
+/// let form_string = "greeting=hello&username=jake&done";
+/// for (key, value) in FormItems::from(form_string).map(|item| item.key_value()) {
+///     println!("{} = {}", key, value);
+/// }
+/// ```
+///
+/// This is the same example as above, but the iterator is used explicitly.
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// use rocket::request::FormItems;
+///
+/// let form_string = "greeting=hello&username=jake&done";
+/// let mut items = FormItems::from(form_string);
+///
+/// let next = items.next().unwrap();
+/// assert_eq!(next.key, "greeting");
+/// assert_eq!(next.value, "hello");
+///
+/// let next = items.next().unwrap();
+/// assert_eq!(next.key, "username");
+/// assert_eq!(next.value, "jake");
+///
+/// let next = items.next().unwrap();
+/// assert_eq!(next.key, "done");
+/// assert_eq!(next.value, "");
+///
+/// assert_eq!(items.next(), None);
+/// assert!(items.completed());
+/// ```
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub enum FormItems<'f> {
+    #[doc(hidden)]
+    Raw {
+        string: &'f RawStr,
+        next_index: usize
+    },
+    #[doc(hidden)]
+    Cooked {
+        items: &'f [FormItem<'f>],
+        next_index: usize
+    }
+}
+
+/// A form items returned by the [`FormItems`] iterator.
+#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct FormItem<'f> {
+    /// The full, nonempty string for the item, not including `&` delimiters.
+    pub raw: &'f RawStr,
+    /// The key for the item, which may be empty if `value` is nonempty.
+    ///
+    /// **Note:** The key is _not_ URL decoded. To URL decode the raw strings,
+    /// use the [`RawStr::url_decode()`] method or access key-value pairs with
+    /// [`key_value_decoded()`](FormItem::key_value_decoded()).
+    pub key: &'f RawStr,
+    /// The value for the item, which may be empty if `key` is nonempty.
+    ///
+    /// **Note:** The value is _not_ URL decoded. To URL decode the raw strings,
+    /// use the [`RawStr::url_decode()`] method or access key-value pairs with
+    /// [`key_value_decoded()`](FormItem::key_value_decoded()).
+    pub value: &'f RawStr
+}
+
+impl<'f> FormItem<'f> {
+    /// Extracts the raw `key` and `value` as a tuple.
+    ///
+    /// This is equivalent to `(item.key, item.value)`.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::request::FormItem;
+    ///
+    /// let item = FormItem {
+    ///     raw: "hello=%2C+world%21".into(),
+    ///     key: "hello".into(),
+    ///     value: "%2C+world%21".into(),
+    /// };
+    ///
+    /// let (key, value) = item.key_value();
+    /// assert_eq!(key, "hello");
+    /// assert_eq!(value, "%2C+world%21");
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn key_value(&self) -> (&'f RawStr, &'f RawStr) {
+        (self.key, self.value)
+    }
+
+    /// Extracts and lossy URL decodes the `key` and `value` as a tuple.
+    ///
+    /// This is equivalent to `(item.key.url_decode_lossy(),
+    /// item.value.url_decode_lossy)`.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::request::FormItem;
+    ///
+    /// let item = FormItem {
+    ///     raw: "hello=%2C+world%21".into(),
+    ///     key: "hello".into(),
+    ///     value: "%2C+world%21".into(),
+    /// };
+    ///
+    /// let (key, value) = item.key_value_decoded();
+    /// assert_eq!(key, "hello");
+    /// assert_eq!(value, ", world!");
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn key_value_decoded(&self) -> (String, String) {
+        (self.key.url_decode_lossy(), self.value.url_decode_lossy())
+    }
+
+    /// Extracts `raw` and the raw `key` and `value` as a triple.
+    ///
+    /// This is equivalent to `(item.raw, item.key, item.value)`.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::request::FormItem;
+    ///
+    /// let item = FormItem {
+    ///     raw: "hello=%2C+world%21".into(),
+    ///     key: "hello".into(),
+    ///     value: "%2C+world%21".into(),
+    /// };
+    ///
+    /// let (raw, key, value) = item.explode();
+    /// assert_eq!(raw, "hello=%2C+world%21");
+    /// assert_eq!(key, "hello");
+    /// assert_eq!(value, "%2C+world%21");
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn explode(&self) -> (&'f RawStr, &'f RawStr, &'f RawStr) {
+        (self.raw, self.key, self.value)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'f> FormItems<'f> {
+    /// Returns `true` if the form string was parsed to completion. Returns
+    /// `false` otherwise. All valid form strings will parse to completion,
+    /// while invalid form strings will not.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// A valid form string parses to completion:
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::request::FormItems;
+    ///
+    /// let mut items = FormItems::from("a=b&c=d");
+    /// let key_values: Vec<_> = items.by_ref().collect();
+    ///
+    /// assert_eq!(key_values.len(), 2);
+    /// assert_eq!(items.completed(), true);
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// In invalid form string does not parse to completion:
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::request::FormItems;
+    ///
+    /// let mut items = FormItems::from("a=b&==d");
+    /// let key_values: Vec<_> = items.by_ref().collect();
+    ///
+    /// assert_eq!(key_values.len(), 1);
+    /// assert_eq!(items.completed(), false);
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn completed(&self) -> bool {
+        match self {
+            FormItems::Raw { string, next_index } => *next_index >= string.len(),
+            FormItems::Cooked { items, next_index } => *next_index >= items.len(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Parses all remaining key/value pairs and returns `true` if parsing ran
+    /// to completion. All valid form strings will parse to completion, while
+    /// invalid form strings will not.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// A valid form string can be exhausted:
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::request::FormItems;
+    ///
+    /// let mut items = FormItems::from("a=b&c=d");
+    ///
+    /// assert!(items.next().is_some());
+    /// assert_eq!(items.completed(), false);
+    /// assert_eq!(items.exhaust(), true);
+    /// assert_eq!(items.completed(), true);
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// An invalid form string cannot be exhausted:
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::request::FormItems;
+    ///
+    /// let mut items = FormItems::from("a=b&=d=");
+    ///
+    /// assert!(items.next().is_some());
+    /// assert_eq!(items.completed(), false);
+    /// assert_eq!(items.exhaust(), false);
+    /// assert_eq!(items.completed(), false);
+    /// assert!(items.next().is_none());
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn exhaust(&mut self) -> bool {
+        while let Some(_) = self.next() {  }
+        self.completed()
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    #[doc(hidden)]
+    pub fn mark_complete(&mut self) {
+        match self {
+            FormItems::Raw { string, ref mut next_index } => *next_index = string.len(),
+            FormItems::Cooked { items, ref mut next_index } => *next_index = items.len(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'f> From<&'f RawStr> for FormItems<'f> {
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn from(string: &'f RawStr) -> FormItems<'f> {
+        FormItems::Raw { string, next_index: 0 }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'f> From<&'f str> for FormItems<'f> {
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn from(string: &'f str) -> FormItems<'f> {
+        FormItems::from(RawStr::from_str(string))
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'f> From<&'f [FormItem<'f>]> for FormItems<'f> {
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn from(items: &'f [FormItem<'f>]) -> FormItems<'f> {
+        FormItems::Cooked { items, next_index: 0 }
+    }
+}
+
+fn raw<'f>(string: &mut &'f RawStr, index: &mut usize) -> Option<FormItem<'f>> {
+    loop {
+        let start = *index;
+        let s = &string[start..];
+        if s.is_empty() {
+            return None;
+        }
+
+        let (key, rest, key_consumed) = match memchr2(b'=', b'&', s.as_bytes()) {
+            Some(i) if s.as_bytes()[i] == b'=' => (&s[..i], &s[(i + 1)..], i + 1),
+            Some(i) => (&s[..i], &s[i..], i),
+            None => (s, &s[s.len()..], s.len())
+        };
+
+        let (value, val_consumed) = match memchr2(b'=', b'&', rest.as_bytes()) {
+            Some(i) if rest.as_bytes()[i] == b'=' => return None,
+            Some(i) => (&rest[..i], i + 1),
+            None => (rest, rest.len())
+        };
+
+        *index += key_consumed + val_consumed;
+        let raw = &string[start..(start + key_consumed + value.len())];
+        match (key.is_empty(), value.is_empty()) {
+            (true, true) => continue,
+            _ => return Some(FormItem {
+                raw: raw.into(),
+                key: key.into(),
+                value: value.into()
+            })
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'f> Iterator for FormItems<'f> {
+    type Item = FormItem<'f>;
+
+    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
+        match self {
+            FormItems::Raw { ref mut string, ref mut next_index } => {
+                raw(string, next_index)
+            }
+            FormItems::Cooked { items, ref mut next_index } => {
+                if *next_index < items.len() {
+                    let item = items[*next_index];
+                    *next_index += 1;
+                    Some(item)
+                } else {
+                    None
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// #[cfg(test)]
+// mod test {
+//     use super::FormItems;
+
+//     impl<'f> From<&'f [(&'f str, &'f str, &'f str)]> for FormItems<'f> {
+//         #[inline(always)]
+//         fn from(triples: &'f [(&'f str, &'f str, &'f str)]) -> FormItems<'f> {
+//             // Safe because RawStr(str) is repr(transparent).
+//             let triples = unsafe { ::std::mem::transmute(triples) };
+//             FormItems::Cooked { triples, next_index: 0 }
+//         }
+//     }
+
+//     macro_rules! check_form {
+//         (@bad $string:expr) => (check_form($string, None));
+//         ($string:expr, $expected:expr) => (check_form(&$string[..], Some($expected)));
+//     }
+
+//     fn check_form<'a, T>(items: T, expected: Option<&[(&str, &str, &str)]>)
+//         where T: Into<FormItems<'a>> + ::std::fmt::Debug
+//     {
+//         let string = format!("{:?}", items);
+//         let mut items = items.into();
+//         let results: Vec<_> = items.by_ref().map(|item| item.explode()).collect();
+//         if let Some(expected) = expected {
+//             assert_eq!(expected.len(), results.len(),
+//                 "expected {:?}, got {:?} for {:?}", expected, results, string);
+
+//             for i in 0..results.len() {
+//                 let (expected_raw, expected_key, expected_val) = expected[i];
+//                 let (actual_raw, actual_key, actual_val) = results[i];
+
+//                 assert!(actual_raw == expected_raw,
+//                         "raw [{}] mismatch for {}: expected {}, got {}",
+//                         i, string, expected_raw, actual_raw);
+
+//                 assert!(actual_key == expected_key,
+//                         "key [{}] mismatch for {}: expected {}, got {}",
+//                         i, string, expected_key, actual_key);
+
+//                 assert!(actual_val == expected_val,
+//                         "val [{}] mismatch for {}: expected {}, got {}",
+//                         i, string, expected_val, actual_val);
+//             }
+//         } else {
+//             assert!(!items.exhaust(), "{} unexpectedly parsed successfully", string);
+//         }
+//     }
+
+//     #[test]
+//     fn test_cooked_items() {
+//         check_form!(
+//             &[("username=user", "username", "user"), ("password=pass", "password", "pass")],
+//             &[("username=user", "username", "user"), ("password=pass", "password", "pass")]
+//         );
+
+//         let empty: &[(&str, &str, &str)] = &[];
+//         check_form!(empty, &[]);
+
+//         check_form!(&[("a=b", "a", "b")], &[("a=b", "a", "b")]);
+
+//         check_form!(
+//             &[("user=x", "user", "x"), ("pass=word", "pass", "word"),
+//                 ("x=z", "x", "z"), ("d=", "d", ""), ("e=", "e", "")],
+
+//             &[("user=x", "user", "x"), ("pass=word", "pass", "word"),
+//                 ("x=z", "x", "z"), ("d=", "d", ""), ("e=", "e", "")]
+//         );
+//     }
+
+//     // #[test]
+//     // fn test_form_string() {
+//     //     check_form!("username=user&password=pass",
+//     //                 &[("username", "user"), ("password", "pass")]);
+
+//     //     check_form!("user=user&user=pass", &[("user", "user"), ("user", "pass")]);
+//     //     check_form!("user=&password=pass", &[("user", ""), ("password", "pass")]);
+//     //     check_form!("user&password=pass", &[("user", ""), ("password", "pass")]);
+//     //     check_form!("foo&bar", &[("foo", ""), ("bar", "")]);
+
+//     //     check_form!("a=b", &[("a", "b")]);
+//     //     check_form!("value=Hello+World", &[("value", "Hello+World")]);
+
+//     //     check_form!("user=", &[("user", "")]);
+//     //     check_form!("user=&", &[("user", "")]);
+//     //     check_form!("a=b&a=", &[("a", "b"), ("a", "")]);
+//     //     check_form!("user=&password", &[("user", ""), ("password", "")]);
+//     //     check_form!("a=b&a", &[("a", "b"), ("a", "")]);
+
+//     //     check_form!("user=x&&", &[("user", "x")]);
+//     //     check_form!("user=x&&&&pass=word", &[("user", "x"), ("pass", "word")]);
+//     //     check_form!("user=x&&&&pass=word&&&x=z&d&&&e",
+//     //                 &[("user", "x"), ("pass", "word"), ("x", "z"), ("d", ""), ("e", "")]);
+
+//     //     check_form!("=&a=b&&=", &[("a", "b")]);
+//     //     check_form!("=b", &[("", "b")]);
+//     //     check_form!("=b&=c", &[("", "b"), ("", "c")]);
+
+//     //     check_form!("=", &[]);
+//     //     check_form!("&=&", &[]);
+//     //     check_form!("&", &[]);
+//     //     check_form!("=&=", &[]);
+
+//     //     check_form!(@bad "=b&==");
+//     //     check_form!(@bad "==");
+//     //     check_form!(@bad "=k=");
+//     //     check_form!(@bad "=abc=");
+//     //     check_form!(@bad "=abc=cd");
+//     // }
+// }
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/request/form/from_form.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/request/form/from_form.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..507cd54a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/request/form/from_form.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+use request::FormItems;
+
+/// Trait to create an instance of some type from an HTTP form.
+/// [`Form`](::request::Form) requires its generic type to implement this trait.
+///
+/// # Deriving
+///
+/// This trait can be automatically derived. When deriving `FromForm`, every
+/// field in the structure must implement
+/// [`FromFormValue`](::request::FromFormValue). Rocket validates each field in
+/// the structure by calling its `FromFormValue` implementation. You may wish to
+/// implement `FromFormValue` for your own types for custom, automatic
+/// validation.
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// # #![feature(proc_macro_hygiene, decl_macro)]
+/// # #![allow(deprecated, dead_code, unused_attributes)]
+/// # #[macro_use] extern crate rocket;
+/// #[derive(FromForm)]
+/// struct TodoTask {
+///     description: String,
+///     completed: bool
+/// }
+/// # fn main() {  }
+/// ```
+///
+/// # Data Guard
+///
+/// Types that implement `FromForm` can be parsed directly from incoming form
+/// data via the `data` parameter and `Form` type.
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// # #![feature(proc_macro_hygiene, decl_macro)]
+/// # #![allow(deprecated, dead_code, unused_attributes)]
+/// # #[macro_use] extern crate rocket;
+/// # use rocket::request::Form;
+/// # #[derive(FromForm)]
+/// # struct TodoTask { description: String, completed: bool }
+/// #[post("/submit", data = "<task>")]
+/// fn submit_task(task: Form<TodoTask>) -> String {
+///     format!("New task: {}", task.description)
+/// }
+/// # fn main() {  }
+/// ```
+///
+/// # Implementing
+///
+/// Implementing `FromForm` should be a rare occurrence. Prefer instead to use
+/// Rocket's built-in derivation.
+///
+/// When implementing `FromForm`, use the [`FormItems`] iterator to iterate
+/// through the raw form key/value pairs. Be aware that form fields that are
+/// typically hidden from your application, such as `_method`, will be present
+/// while iterating. Ensure that you adhere to the properties of the `strict`
+/// parameter, as detailed in the documentation below.
+///
+/// ## Example
+///
+/// Consider the following scenario: we have a struct `Item` with field name
+/// `field`. We'd like to parse any form that has a field named either `balloon`
+/// _or_ `space`, and we'd like that field's value to be the value for our
+/// structure's `field`. The following snippet shows how this would be
+/// implemented:
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// use rocket::request::{FromForm, FormItems};
+///
+/// struct Item {
+///     field: String
+/// }
+///
+/// impl<'f> FromForm<'f> for Item {
+///     // In practice, we'd use a more descriptive error type.
+///     type Error = ();
+///
+///     fn from_form(items: &mut FormItems<'f>, strict: bool) -> Result<Item, ()> {
+///         let mut field = None;
+///
+///         for item in items {
+///             match item.key.as_str() {
+///                 "balloon" | "space" if field.is_none() => {
+///                     let decoded = item.value.url_decode().map_err(|_| ())?;
+///                     field = Some(decoded);
+///                 }
+///                 _ if strict => return Err(()),
+///                 _ => { /* allow extra value when not strict */ }
+///             }
+///         }
+///
+///         field.map(|field| Item { field }).ok_or(())
+///     }
+/// }
+/// ```
+pub trait FromForm<'f>: Sized {
+    /// The associated error to be returned when parsing fails.
+    type Error;
+
+    /// Parses an instance of `Self` from the iterator of form items `it`.
+    ///
+    /// Extra form field are allowed when `strict` is `false` and disallowed
+    /// when `strict` is `true`.
+    ///
+    /// # Errors
+    ///
+    /// If `Self` cannot be parsed from the given form items, an instance of
+    /// `Self::Error` will be returned.
+    ///
+    /// When `strict` is `true` and unexpected, extra fields are present in
+    /// `it`, an instance of `Self::Error` will be returned.
+    fn from_form(it: &mut FormItems<'f>, strict: bool) -> Result<Self, Self::Error>;
+}
+
+impl<'f, T: FromForm<'f>> FromForm<'f> for Option<T> {
+    type Error = !;
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn from_form(items: &mut FormItems<'f>, strict: bool) -> Result<Option<T>, !> {
+        Ok(T::from_form(items, strict).ok())
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'f, T: FromForm<'f>> FromForm<'f> for Result<T, T::Error> {
+    type Error = !;
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn from_form(items: &mut FormItems<'f>, strict: bool) -> Result<Self, !> {
+        Ok(T::from_form(items, strict))
+    }
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/request/form/from_form_value.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/request/form/from_form_value.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fc43310f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/request/form/from_form_value.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,278 @@
+use std::str::FromStr;
+use std::net::{IpAddr, Ipv4Addr, Ipv6Addr, SocketAddrV4, SocketAddrV6, SocketAddr};
+use std::num::{
+    NonZeroI8, NonZeroI16, NonZeroI32, NonZeroI64, NonZeroI128, NonZeroIsize,
+    NonZeroU8, NonZeroU16, NonZeroU32, NonZeroU64, NonZeroU128, NonZeroUsize,
+};
+
+use http::RawStr;
+
+/// Trait to parse a typed value from a form value.
+///
+/// This trait is used by Rocket's code generation in two places:
+///
+///   1. Fields in structs deriving [`FromForm`](::request::FromForm) are
+///      required to implement this trait.
+///   2. Types of dynamic query parameters (`?<param>`) are required to
+///      implement this trait.
+///
+/// # `FromForm` Fields
+///
+/// When deriving the `FromForm` trait, Rocket uses the `FromFormValue`
+/// implementation of each field's type to validate the form input. To
+/// illustrate, consider the following structure:
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// # #[macro_use] extern crate rocket;
+/// #[derive(FromForm)]
+/// struct Person {
+///     name: String,
+///     age: u16
+/// }
+/// ```
+///
+/// The `FromForm` implementation generated by Rocket will call
+/// `String::from_form_value` for the `name` field, and `u16::from_form_value`
+/// for the `age` field. The `Person` structure can only be created from a form
+/// if both calls return successfully.
+///
+/// # Dynamic Query Parameters
+///
+/// Types of dynamic query parameters are required to implement this trait. The
+/// `FromFormValue` implementation is used to parse and validate each parameter
+/// according to its target type:
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// # #![feature(proc_macro_hygiene, decl_macro)]
+/// # #[macro_use] extern crate rocket;
+/// # type Size = String;
+/// #[get("/item?<id>&<size>")]
+/// fn item(id: usize, size: Size) { /* ... */ }
+/// # fn main() { }
+/// ```
+///
+/// To generate values for `id` and `size`, Rocket calls
+/// `usize::from_form_value()` and `Size::from_form_value()`, respectively.
+///
+/// # Validation Errors
+///
+/// It is sometimes desired to prevent a validation error from forwarding a
+/// request to another route. The `FromFormValue` implementation for `Option<T>`
+/// and `Result<T, T::Error>` make this possible. Their implementations always
+/// return successfully, effectively "catching" the error.
+///
+/// For instance, if we wanted to know if a user entered an invalid `age` in the
+/// form corresponding to the `Person` structure in the first example, we could
+/// use the following structure:
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// # use rocket::http::RawStr;
+/// struct Person<'r> {
+///     name: String,
+///     age: Result<u16, &'r RawStr>
+/// }
+/// ```
+///
+/// The `Err` value in this case is `&RawStr` since `u16::from_form_value`
+/// returns a `Result<u16, &RawStr>`.
+///
+/// # Provided Implementations
+///
+/// Rocket implements `FromFormValue` for many standard library types. Their
+/// behavior is documented here.
+///
+///   *
+///       * Primitive types: **f32, f64, isize, i8, i16, i32, i64, i128,
+///         usize, u8, u16, u32, u64, u128**
+///       * `IpAddr` and `SocketAddr` types: **IpAddr, Ipv4Addr, Ipv6Addr,
+///         SocketAddrV4, SocketAddrV6, SocketAddr**
+///       * `NonZero*` types: **NonZeroI8, NonZeroI16, NonZeroI32, NonZeroI64,
+///         NonZeroI128, NonZeroIsize, NonZeroU8, NonZeroU16, NonZeroU32,
+///         NonZeroU64, NonZeroU128, NonZeroUsize**
+///
+///     A value is validated successfully if the `from_str` method for the given
+///     type returns successfully. Otherwise, the raw form value is returned as
+///     the `Err` value.
+///
+///   * **bool**
+///
+///     A value is validated successfully as `true` if the the form value is
+///     `"true"` or `"on"`, and as a `false` value if the form value is
+///     `"false"`, `"off"`, or not present. In any other case, the raw form
+///     value is returned in the `Err` value.
+///
+///   * **[`&RawStr`](RawStr)**
+///
+///     _This implementation always returns successfully._
+///
+///     The raw, undecoded string is returned directly without modification.
+///
+///   * **String**
+///
+///     URL decodes the form value. If the decode is successful, the decoded
+///     string is returned. Otherwise, an `Err` with the original form value is
+///     returned.
+///
+///   * **Option&lt;T>** _where_ **T: FromFormValue**
+///
+///     _This implementation always returns successfully._
+///
+///     The form value is validated by `T`'s `FromFormValue` implementation. If
+///     the validation succeeds, a `Some(validated_value)` is returned.
+///     Otherwise, a `None` is returned.
+///
+///   * **Result&lt;T, T::Error>** _where_ **T: FromFormValue**
+///
+///     _This implementation always returns successfully._
+///
+///     The from value is validated by `T`'s `FromFormvalue` implementation. The
+///     returned `Result` value is returned.
+///
+/// # Example
+///
+/// This trait is generally implemented to parse and validate form values. While
+/// Rocket provides parsing and validation for many of the standard library
+/// types such as `u16` and `String`, you can implement `FromFormValue` for a
+/// custom type to get custom validation.
+///
+/// Imagine you'd like to verify that some user is over some age in a form. You
+/// might define a new type and implement `FromFormValue` as follows:
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// use rocket::request::FromFormValue;
+/// use rocket::http::RawStr;
+///
+/// struct AdultAge(usize);
+///
+/// impl<'v> FromFormValue<'v> for AdultAge {
+///     type Error = &'v RawStr;
+///
+///     fn from_form_value(form_value: &'v RawStr) -> Result<AdultAge, &'v RawStr> {
+///         match form_value.parse::<usize>() {
+///             Ok(age) if age >= 21 => Ok(AdultAge(age)),
+///             _ => Err(form_value),
+///         }
+///     }
+/// }
+/// ```
+///
+/// The type can then be used in a `FromForm` struct as follows:
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// # #[macro_use] extern crate rocket;
+/// # type AdultAge = usize;
+/// #[derive(FromForm)]
+/// struct Person {
+///     name: String,
+///     age: AdultAge
+/// }
+/// ```
+///
+/// A form using the `Person` structure as its target will only parse and
+/// validate if the `age` field contains a `usize` greater than `21`.
+pub trait FromFormValue<'v>: Sized {
+    /// The associated error which can be returned from parsing. It is a good
+    /// idea to have the return type be or contain an `&'v str` so that the
+    /// unparseable string can be examined after a bad parse.
+    type Error;
+
+    /// Parses an instance of `Self` from an HTTP form field value or returns an
+    /// `Error` if one cannot be parsed.
+    fn from_form_value(form_value: &'v RawStr) -> Result<Self, Self::Error>;
+
+    /// Returns a default value to be used when the form field does not exist.
+    /// If this returns `None`, then the field is required. Otherwise, this
+    /// should return `Some(default_value)`. The default implementation simply
+    /// returns `None`.
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn default() -> Option<Self> {
+        None
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'v> FromFormValue<'v> for &'v RawStr {
+    type Error = !;
+
+    // This just gives the raw string.
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn from_form_value(v: &'v RawStr) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+        Ok(v)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'v> FromFormValue<'v> for String {
+    type Error = &'v RawStr;
+
+    // This actually parses the value according to the standard.
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn from_form_value(v: &'v RawStr) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+        v.url_decode().map_err(|_| v)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'v> FromFormValue<'v> for bool {
+    type Error = &'v RawStr;
+
+    fn from_form_value(v: &'v RawStr) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+        match v.as_str() {
+            "on" | "true" => Ok(true),
+            "off" | "false" => Ok(false),
+            _ => Err(v),
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn default() -> Option<bool> {
+        Some(false)
+    }
+}
+
+macro_rules! impl_with_fromstr {
+    ($($T:ident),+) => ($(
+        impl<'v> FromFormValue<'v> for $T {
+            type Error = &'v RawStr;
+
+            #[inline(always)]
+            fn from_form_value(v: &'v RawStr) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+                $T::from_str(v.as_str()).map_err(|_| v)
+            }
+        }
+    )+)
+}
+
+impl_with_fromstr!(
+    f32, f64, isize, i8, i16, i32, i64, i128, usize, u8, u16, u32, u64, u128,
+    NonZeroI8, NonZeroI16, NonZeroI32, NonZeroI64, NonZeroI128, NonZeroIsize,
+    NonZeroU8, NonZeroU16, NonZeroU32, NonZeroU64, NonZeroU128, NonZeroUsize,
+    IpAddr, Ipv4Addr, Ipv6Addr, SocketAddrV4, SocketAddrV6, SocketAddr
+);
+
+impl<'v, T: FromFormValue<'v>> FromFormValue<'v> for Option<T> {
+    type Error = !;
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn from_form_value(v: &'v RawStr) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+        match T::from_form_value(v) {
+            Ok(v) => Ok(Some(v)),
+            Err(_) => Ok(None),
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn default() -> Option<Option<T>> {
+        Some(None)
+    }
+}
+
+// // TODO: Add more useful implementations (range, regex, etc.).
+impl<'v, T: FromFormValue<'v>> FromFormValue<'v> for Result<T, T::Error> {
+    type Error = !;
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn from_form_value(v: &'v RawStr) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+        match T::from_form_value(v) {
+            ok@Ok(_) => Ok(ok),
+            e@Err(_) => Ok(e),
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/request/form/lenient.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/request/form/lenient.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..87697e51
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/request/form/lenient.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+use std::ops::Deref;
+
+use request::{Request, form::{Form, FormDataError, FromForm}};
+use data::{Data, Transform, Transformed, FromData, Outcome};
+use http::uri::{Query, FromUriParam};
+
+/// A data guard for parsing [`FromForm`] types leniently.
+///
+/// This type implements the [`FromData`] trait, and like [`Form`], provides a
+/// generic means to parse arbitrary structures from incoming form data. Unlike
+/// `Form`, this type uses a _lenient_ parsing strategy: forms that contains a
+/// superset of the expected fields (i.e, extra fields) will parse successfully.
+///
+/// # Leniency
+///
+/// A `LenientForm<T>` will parse successfully from an incoming form if the form
+/// contains a superset of the fields in `T`. Said another way, a
+/// `LenientForm<T>` automatically discards extra fields without error. For
+/// instance, if an incoming form contains the fields "a", "b", and "c" while
+/// `T` only contains "a" and "c", the form _will_ parse as `LenientForm<T>`.
+///
+/// # Usage
+///
+/// The usage of a `LenientForm` type is equivalent to that of [`Form`], so we
+/// defer details to its documentation.
+///
+/// `LenientForm` implements `FromData`, so it can be used directly as a target
+/// of the `data = "<param>"` route parameter. For instance, if some structure
+/// of type `T` implements the `FromForm` trait, an incoming form can be
+/// automatically parsed into the `T` structure with the following route and
+/// handler:
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// # #![feature(proc_macro_hygiene, decl_macro)]
+/// # #[macro_use] extern crate rocket;
+/// use rocket::request::LenientForm;
+///
+/// #[derive(FromForm)]
+/// struct UserInput {
+///     value: String
+/// }
+///
+/// #[post("/submit", data = "<user_input>")]
+/// fn submit_task(user_input: LenientForm<UserInput>) -> String {
+///     format!("Your value: {}", user_input.value)
+/// }
+/// # fn main() {  }
+/// ```
+///
+/// ## Incoming Data Limits
+///
+/// A `LenientForm` obeys the same data limits as a `Form` and defaults to
+/// 32KiB. The limit can be increased by setting the `limits.forms`
+/// configuration parameter. For instance, to increase the forms limit to 512KiB
+/// for all environments, you may add the following to your `Rocket.toml`:
+///
+/// ```toml
+/// [global.limits]
+/// forms = 524288
+/// ```
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct LenientForm<T>(pub T);
+
+impl<T> LenientForm<T> {
+    /// Consumes `self` and returns the parsed value.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # #![feature(proc_macro_hygiene, decl_macro)]
+    /// # #[macro_use] extern crate rocket;
+    /// use rocket::request::LenientForm;
+    ///
+    /// #[derive(FromForm)]
+    /// struct MyForm {
+    ///     field: String,
+    /// }
+    ///
+    /// #[post("/submit", data = "<form>")]
+    /// fn submit(form: LenientForm<MyForm>) -> String {
+    ///     form.into_inner().field
+    /// }
+    /// # fn main() { }
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn into_inner(self) -> T {
+        self.0
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T> Deref for LenientForm<T> {
+    type Target = T;
+
+    fn deref(&self) -> &T {
+        &self.0
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'f, T: FromForm<'f>> FromData<'f> for LenientForm<T> {
+    type Error = FormDataError<'f, T::Error>;
+    type Owned = String;
+    type Borrowed = str;
+
+    fn transform(r: &Request, d: Data) -> Transform<Outcome<Self::Owned, Self::Error>> {
+        <Form<T>>::transform(r, d)
+    }
+
+    fn from_data(_: &Request, o: Transformed<'f, Self>) -> Outcome<Self, Self::Error> {
+        <Form<T>>::from_data(o.borrowed()?, false).map(LenientForm)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'f, A, T: FromUriParam<Query, A> + FromForm<'f>> FromUriParam<Query, A> for LenientForm<T> {
+    type Target = T::Target;
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn from_uri_param(param: A) -> Self::Target {
+        T::from_uri_param(param)
+    }
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/request/form/mod.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/request/form/mod.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..cd895871
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/request/form/mod.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+//! Types and traits for form processing.
+
+mod form_items;
+mod from_form;
+mod from_form_value;
+mod lenient;
+mod error;
+mod form;
+
+pub use self::form_items::{FormItems, FormItem};
+pub use self::from_form::FromForm;
+pub use self::from_form_value::FromFormValue;
+pub use self::form::Form;
+pub use self::lenient::LenientForm;
+pub use self::error::{FormError, FormParseError, FormDataError};
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/request/from_request.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/request/from_request.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6191eb2c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/request/from_request.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,450 @@
+use std::fmt::Debug;
+use std::net::SocketAddr;
+
+use router::Route;
+use request::Request;
+use outcome::{self, IntoOutcome};
+use outcome::Outcome::*;
+
+use http::{Status, ContentType, Accept, Method, Cookies, uri::Origin};
+
+/// Type alias for the `Outcome` of a `FromRequest` conversion.
+pub type Outcome<S, E> = outcome::Outcome<S, (Status, E), ()>;
+
+impl<S, E> IntoOutcome<S, (Status, E), ()> for Result<S, E> {
+    type Failure = Status;
+    type Forward = ();
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn into_outcome(self, status: Status) -> Outcome<S, E> {
+        match self {
+            Ok(val) => Success(val),
+            Err(err) => Failure((status, err))
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn or_forward(self, _: ()) -> Outcome<S, E> {
+        match self {
+            Ok(val) => Success(val),
+            Err(_) => Forward(())
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Trait implemented by request guards to derive a value from incoming
+/// requests.
+///
+/// # Request Guards
+///
+/// A request guard is a type that represents an arbitrary validation policy.
+/// The validation policy is implemented through `FromRequest`. In other words,
+/// every type that implements `FromRequest` is a request guard.
+///
+/// Request guards appear as inputs to handlers. An arbitrary number of request
+/// guards can appear as arguments in a route handler. Rocket will automatically
+/// invoke the `FromRequest` implementation for request guards before calling
+/// the handler. Rocket only dispatches requests to a handler when all of its
+/// guards pass.
+///
+/// ## Example
+///
+/// The following dummy handler makes use of three request guards, `A`, `B`, and
+/// `C`. An input type can be identified as a request guard if it is not named
+/// in the route attribute. This is why, for instance, `param` is not a request
+/// guard.
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// # #![feature(proc_macro_hygiene, decl_macro)]
+/// # #[macro_use] extern crate rocket;
+/// # use rocket::http::Method;
+/// # type A = Method; type B = Method; type C = Method; type T = ();
+/// #[get("/<param>")]
+/// fn index(param: isize, a: A, b: B, c: C) -> T { /* ... */ }
+/// # fn main() {}
+/// ```
+///
+/// Request guards always fire in left-to-right declaration order. In the
+/// example above, the order is `a` followed by `b` followed by `c`. Failure is
+/// short-circuiting; if one guard fails, the remaining are not attempted.
+///
+/// # Outcomes
+///
+/// The returned [`Outcome`] of a `from_request` call determines how the
+/// incoming request will be processed.
+///
+/// * **Success**(S)
+///
+///   If the `Outcome` is [`Success`], then the `Success` value will be used as
+///   the value for the corresponding parameter.  As long as all other guards
+///   succeed, the request will be handled.
+///
+/// * **Failure**(Status, E)
+///
+///   If the `Outcome` is [`Failure`], the request will fail with the given
+///   status code and error. The designated error [`Catcher`](::Catcher) will be
+///   used to respond to the request. Note that users can request types of
+///   `Result<S, E>` and `Option<S>` to catch `Failure`s and retrieve the error
+///   value.
+///
+/// * **Forward**
+///
+///   If the `Outcome` is [`Forward`], the request will be forwarded to the next
+///   matching request. Note that users can request an `Option<S>` to catch
+///   `Forward`s.
+///
+/// # Provided Implementations
+///
+/// Rocket implements `FromRequest` for several built-in types. Their behavior
+/// is documented here.
+///
+///   * **Method**
+///
+///     Extracts the [`Method`] from the incoming request.
+///
+///     _This implementation always returns successfully._
+///
+///   * **&Origin**
+///
+///     Extracts the [`Origin`] URI from the incoming request.
+///
+///     _This implementation always returns successfully._
+///
+///   * **&Route**
+///
+///     Extracts the [`Route`] from the request if one is available. If a route
+///     is not available, the request is forwarded.
+///
+///     For information on when an `&Route` is available, see
+///     [`Request::route()`].
+///
+///   * **Cookies**
+///
+///     Returns a borrow to the [`Cookies`] in the incoming request. Note that
+///     `Cookies` implements internal mutability, so a handle to `Cookies`
+///     allows you to get _and_ set cookies in the request.
+///
+///     _This implementation always returns successfully._
+///
+///   * **ContentType**
+///
+///     Extracts the [`ContentType`] from the incoming request. If the request
+///     didn't specify a Content-Type, the request is forwarded.
+///
+///   * **SocketAddr**
+///
+///     Extracts the remote address of the incoming request as a [`SocketAddr`].
+///     If the remote address is not known, the request is forwarded.
+///
+///     _This implementation always returns successfully._
+///
+///   * **Option&lt;T>** _where_ **T: FromRequest**
+///
+///     The type `T` is derived from the incoming request using `T`'s
+///     `FromRequest` implementation. If the derivation is a `Success`, the
+///     derived value is returned in `Some`. Otherwise, a `None` is returned.
+///
+///     _This implementation always returns successfully._
+///
+///   * **Result&lt;T, T::Error>** _where_ **T: FromRequest**
+///
+///     The type `T` is derived from the incoming request using `T`'s
+///     `FromRequest` implementation. If derivation is a `Success`, the value is
+///     returned in `Ok`. If the derivation is a `Failure`, the error value is
+///     returned in `Err`. If the derivation is a `Forward`, the request is
+///     forwarded.
+///
+/// # Example
+///
+/// Imagine you're running an authenticated API service that requires that some
+/// requests be sent along with a valid API key in a header field. You want to
+/// ensure that the handlers corresponding to these requests don't get called
+/// unless there is an API key in the request and the key is valid. The
+/// following example implements this using an `ApiKey` type and a `FromRequest`
+/// implementation for that type. The `ApiKey` type is then used in the
+/// `sensitive` handler.
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// # #![feature(proc_macro_hygiene, decl_macro)]
+/// # #[macro_use] extern crate rocket;
+/// #
+/// use rocket::Outcome;
+/// use rocket::http::Status;
+/// use rocket::request::{self, Request, FromRequest};
+///
+/// struct ApiKey(String);
+///
+/// /// Returns true if `key` is a valid API key string.
+/// fn is_valid(key: &str) -> bool {
+///     key == "valid_api_key"
+/// }
+///
+/// #[derive(Debug)]
+/// enum ApiKeyError {
+///     BadCount,
+///     Missing,
+///     Invalid,
+/// }
+///
+/// impl<'a, 'r> FromRequest<'a, 'r> for ApiKey {
+///     type Error = ApiKeyError;
+///
+///     fn from_request(request: &'a Request<'r>) -> request::Outcome<Self, Self::Error> {
+///         let keys: Vec<_> = request.headers().get("x-api-key").collect();
+///         match keys.len() {
+///             0 => Outcome::Failure((Status::BadRequest, ApiKeyError::Missing)),
+///             1 if is_valid(keys[0]) => Outcome::Success(ApiKey(keys[0].to_string())),
+///             1 => Outcome::Failure((Status::BadRequest, ApiKeyError::Invalid)),
+///             _ => Outcome::Failure((Status::BadRequest, ApiKeyError::BadCount)),
+///         }
+///     }
+/// }
+///
+/// #[get("/sensitive")]
+/// fn sensitive(key: ApiKey) -> &'static str {
+/// #   let _key = key;
+///     "Sensitive data."
+/// }
+///
+/// # fn main() { }
+/// ```
+///
+/// # Request-Local State
+///
+/// Request guards that perform expensive operations, such as those that query a
+/// database or an external service, should use the [request-local state] cache
+/// to store results if they might be invoked multiple times during the routing
+/// of a single request.
+///
+/// For example, consider a pair of `User` and `Admin` guards and a pair of
+/// routes (`admin_dashboard` and `user_dashboard`):
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// # #![feature(proc_macro_hygiene, decl_macro)]
+/// # #[macro_use] extern crate rocket;
+/// # #[cfg(feature = "private-cookies")] mod inner {
+/// # use rocket::outcome::{IntoOutcome, Outcome};
+/// # use rocket::request::{self, FromRequest, Request};
+/// # struct User { id: String, is_admin: bool }
+/// # struct Database;
+/// # impl Database {
+/// #     fn get_user(&self, id: String) -> Result<User, ()> {
+/// #         Ok(User { id, is_admin: false })
+/// #     }
+/// # }
+/// # impl<'a, 'r> FromRequest<'a, 'r> for Database {
+/// #     type Error = ();
+/// #     fn from_request(request: &'a Request<'r>) -> request::Outcome<Database, ()> {
+/// #         Outcome::Success(Database)
+/// #     }
+/// # }
+/// #
+/// # struct Admin { user: User }
+/// #
+/// impl<'a, 'r> FromRequest<'a, 'r> for User {
+///     type Error = ();
+///
+///     fn from_request(request: &'a Request<'r>) -> request::Outcome<User, ()> {
+///         let db = request.guard::<Database>()?;
+///         request.cookies()
+///             .get_private("user_id")
+///             .and_then(|cookie| cookie.value().parse().ok())
+///             .and_then(|id| db.get_user(id).ok())
+///             .or_forward(())
+///     }
+/// }
+///
+/// impl<'a, 'r> FromRequest<'a, 'r> for Admin {
+///     type Error = ();
+///
+///     fn from_request(request: &'a Request<'r>) -> request::Outcome<Admin, ()> {
+///         // This will unconditionally query the database!
+///         let user = request.guard::<User>()?;
+///
+///         if user.is_admin {
+///             Outcome::Success(Admin { user })
+///         } else {
+///             Outcome::Forward(())
+///         }
+///     }
+/// }
+///
+/// #[get("/dashboard")]
+/// fn admin_dashboard(admin: Admin) { }
+///
+/// #[get("/dashboard", rank = 2)]
+/// fn user_dashboard(user: User) { }
+/// # }
+/// ```
+///
+/// When a non-admin user is logged in, the database will be queried twice: once
+/// via the `Admin` guard invoking the `User` guard, and a second time via the
+/// `User` guard directly. For cases like these, request-local state should be
+/// used, as illustrated below:
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// # #![feature(proc_macro_hygiene, decl_macro)]
+/// # #![feature(never_type)]
+/// # #[macro_use] extern crate rocket;
+/// # #[cfg(feature = "private-cookies")] mod inner {
+/// # use rocket::outcome::{IntoOutcome, Outcome};
+/// # use rocket::request::{self, FromRequest, Request};
+/// # struct User { id: String, is_admin: bool }
+/// # struct Database;
+/// # impl Database {
+/// #     fn get_user(&self, id: String) -> Result<User, ()> {
+/// #         Ok(User { id, is_admin: false })
+/// #     }
+/// # }
+/// # impl<'a, 'r> FromRequest<'a, 'r> for Database {
+/// #     type Error = ();
+/// #     fn from_request(request: &'a Request<'r>) -> request::Outcome<Database, ()> {
+/// #         Outcome::Success(Database)
+/// #     }
+/// # }
+/// #
+/// # struct Admin<'a> { user: &'a User }
+/// #
+/// impl<'a, 'r> FromRequest<'a, 'r> for &'a User {
+///     type Error = !;
+///
+///     fn from_request(request: &'a Request<'r>) -> request::Outcome<&'a User, !> {
+///         // This closure will execute at most once per request, regardless of
+///         // the number of times the `User` guard is executed.
+///         let user_result = request.local_cache(|| {
+///             let db = request.guard::<Database>().succeeded()?;
+///             request.cookies()
+///                 .get_private("user_id")
+///                 .and_then(|cookie| cookie.value().parse().ok())
+///                 .and_then(|id| db.get_user(id).ok())
+///         });
+///
+///         user_result.as_ref().or_forward(())
+///     }
+/// }
+///
+/// impl<'a, 'r> FromRequest<'a, 'r> for Admin<'a> {
+///     type Error = !;
+///
+///     fn from_request(request: &'a Request<'r>) -> request::Outcome<Admin<'a>, !> {
+///         let user = request.guard::<&User>()?;
+///
+///         if user.is_admin {
+///             Outcome::Success(Admin { user })
+///         } else {
+///             Outcome::Forward(())
+///         }
+///     }
+/// }
+/// # }
+/// ```
+///
+/// Notice that these request guards provide access to *borrowed* data (`&'a
+/// User` and `Admin<'a>`) as the data is now owned by the request's cache.
+///
+/// [request-local state]: https://rocket.rs/v0.4/guide/state/#request-local-state
+
+pub trait FromRequest<'a, 'r>: Sized {
+    /// The associated error to be returned if derivation fails.
+    type Error: Debug;
+
+    /// Derives an instance of `Self` from the incoming request metadata.
+    ///
+    /// If the derivation is successful, an outcome of `Success` is returned. If
+    /// the derivation fails in an unrecoverable fashion, `Failure` is returned.
+    /// `Forward` is returned to indicate that the request should be forwarded
+    /// to other matching routes, if any.
+    fn from_request(request: &'a Request<'r>) -> Outcome<Self, Self::Error>;
+}
+
+impl<'a, 'r> FromRequest<'a, 'r> for Method {
+    type Error = !;
+
+    fn from_request(request: &'a Request<'r>) -> Outcome<Self, Self::Error> {
+        Success(request.method())
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a, 'r> FromRequest<'a, 'r> for &'a Origin<'a> {
+    type Error = !;
+
+    fn from_request(request: &'a Request<'r>) -> Outcome<Self, Self::Error> {
+        Success(request.uri())
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a, 'r> FromRequest<'a, 'r> for &'r Route {
+    type Error = !;
+
+    fn from_request(request: &'a Request<'r>) -> Outcome<Self, Self::Error> {
+        match request.route() {
+            Some(route) => Success(route),
+            None => Forward(())
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a, 'r> FromRequest<'a, 'r> for Cookies<'a> {
+    type Error = !;
+
+    fn from_request(request: &'a Request<'r>) -> Outcome<Self, Self::Error> {
+        Success(request.cookies())
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a, 'r> FromRequest<'a, 'r> for &'a Accept {
+    type Error = !;
+
+    fn from_request(request: &'a Request<'r>) -> Outcome<Self, Self::Error> {
+        match request.accept() {
+            Some(accept) => Success(accept),
+            None => Forward(())
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a, 'r> FromRequest<'a, 'r> for &'a ContentType {
+    type Error = !;
+
+    fn from_request(request: &'a Request<'r>) -> Outcome<Self, Self::Error> {
+        match request.content_type() {
+            Some(content_type) => Success(content_type),
+            None => Forward(())
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a, 'r> FromRequest<'a, 'r> for SocketAddr {
+    type Error = !;
+
+    fn from_request(request: &'a Request<'r>) -> Outcome<Self, Self::Error> {
+        match request.remote() {
+            Some(addr) => Success(addr),
+            None => Forward(())
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a, 'r, T: FromRequest<'a, 'r>> FromRequest<'a, 'r> for Result<T, T::Error> {
+    type Error = !;
+
+    fn from_request(request: &'a Request<'r>) -> Outcome<Self, Self::Error> {
+        match T::from_request(request) {
+            Success(val) => Success(Ok(val)),
+            Failure((_, e)) => Success(Err(e)),
+            Forward(_) => Forward(()),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a, 'r, T: FromRequest<'a, 'r>> FromRequest<'a, 'r> for Option<T> {
+    type Error = !;
+
+    fn from_request(request: &'a Request<'r>) -> Outcome<Self, Self::Error> {
+        match T::from_request(request) {
+            Success(val) => Success(Some(val)),
+            Failure(_) | Forward(_) => Success(None),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/request/mod.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/request/mod.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..748c994b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/request/mod.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+//! Types and traits for request parsing and handling.
+
+mod request;
+mod param;
+mod form;
+mod from_request;
+mod state;
+mod query;
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests;
+
+#[doc(hidden)] pub use rocket_codegen::{FromForm, FromFormValue};
+
+pub use self::request::Request;
+pub use self::from_request::{FromRequest, Outcome};
+pub use self::param::{FromParam, FromSegments};
+pub use self::form::{FromForm, FromFormValue};
+pub use self::form::{Form, LenientForm, FormItems, FormItem};
+pub use self::form::{FormError, FormParseError, FormDataError};
+pub use self::state::State;
+pub use self::query::{Query, FromQuery};
+
+#[doc(inline)]
+pub use response::flash::FlashMessage;
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/request/param.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/request/param.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f5b6781c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/request/param.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,366 @@
+use std::str::FromStr;
+use std::path::PathBuf;
+use std::fmt::Debug;
+use std::borrow::Cow;
+
+use http::{RawStr, uri::{Segments, SegmentError}};
+
+/// Trait to convert a dynamic path segment string to a concrete value.
+///
+/// This trait is used by Rocket's code generation facilities to parse dynamic
+/// path segment string values into a given type. That is, when a path contains
+/// a dynamic segment `<param>` where `param` has some type `T` that implements
+/// `FromParam`, `T::from_param` will be called.
+///
+/// # Forwarding
+///
+/// If the conversion fails, the incoming request will be forwarded to the next
+/// matching route, if any. For instance, consider the following route and
+/// handler for the dynamic `"/<id>"` path:
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// # #![feature(proc_macro_hygiene, decl_macro)]
+/// # #[macro_use] extern crate rocket;
+/// #[get("/<id>")]
+/// fn hello(id: usize) -> String {
+/// # let _id = id;
+/// # /*
+///     ...
+/// # */
+/// # "".to_string()
+/// }
+/// # fn main() {  }
+/// ```
+///
+/// If `usize::from_param` returns an `Ok(usize)` variant, the encapsulated
+/// value is used as the `id` function parameter. If not, the request is
+/// forwarded to the next matching route. Since there are no additional matching
+/// routes, this example will result in a 404 error for requests with invalid
+/// `id` values.
+///
+/// # Catching Errors
+///
+/// Sometimes, a forward is not desired, and instead, we simply want to know
+/// that the dynamic path segment could not be parsed into some desired type
+/// `T`. In these cases, types of `Option<T>` or `Result<T, T::Error>` can be
+/// used. These types implement `FromParam` themselves. Their implementations
+/// always return successfully, so they never forward. They can be used to
+/// determine if the `FromParam` call failed and to retrieve the error value
+/// from the failed `from_param` call.
+///
+/// For instance, imagine you've asked for an `<id>` as a `usize`. To determine
+/// when the `<id>` was not a valid `usize` and retrieve the string that failed
+/// to parse, you can use a `Result<usize, &RawStr>` type for the `<id>`
+/// parameter as follows:
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// # #![feature(proc_macro_hygiene, decl_macro)]
+/// # #[macro_use] extern crate rocket;
+/// # use rocket::http::RawStr;
+/// #[get("/<id>")]
+/// fn hello(id: Result<usize, &RawStr>) -> String {
+///     match id {
+///         Ok(id_num) => format!("usize: {}", id_num),
+///         Err(string) => format!("Not a usize: {}", string)
+///     }
+/// }
+/// # fn main() {  }
+/// ```
+///
+/// # Provided Implementations
+///
+/// Rocket implements `FromParam` for several standard library types. Their
+/// behavior is documented here.
+///
+///   *
+///       * Primitive types: **f32, f64, isize, i8, i16, i32, i64, i128,
+///         usize, u8, u16, u32, u64, u128, bool**
+///       * `IpAddr` and `SocketAddr` types: **IpAddr, Ipv4Addr, Ipv6Addr,
+///         SocketAddrV4, SocketAddrV6, SocketAddr**
+///       * `NonZero*` types: **NonZeroI8, NonZeroI16, NonZeroI32, NonZeroI64,
+///         NonZeroI128, NonZeroIsize, NonZeroU8, NonZeroU16, NonZeroU32,
+///         NonZeroU64, NonZeroU128, NonZeroUsize**
+///
+///     A value is parsed successfully if the `from_str` method from the given
+///     type returns successfully. Otherwise, the raw path segment is returned
+///     in the `Err` value.
+///
+///   * **[`&RawStr`](RawStr)**
+///
+///     _This implementation always returns successfully._
+///
+///     The path segment is passed directly with no modification.
+///
+///   * **String**
+///
+///     Percent decodes the path segment. If the decode is successful, the
+///     decoded string is returned. Otherwise, an `Err` with the original path
+///     segment is returned.
+///
+///   * **Cow<str>**
+///
+///     Percent decodes the path segment, allocating only when necessary. If the
+///     decode is successful, the decoded string is returned. Otherwise, an
+///     `Err` with the original path segment is returned.
+///
+///   * **Option&lt;T>** _where_ **T: FromParam**
+///
+///     _This implementation always returns successfully._
+///
+///     The path segment is parsed by `T`'s `FromParam` implementation. If the
+///     parse succeeds, a `Some(parsed_value)` is returned. Otherwise, a `None`
+///     is returned.
+///
+///   * **Result&lt;T, T::Error>** _where_ **T: FromParam**
+///
+///     _This implementation always returns successfully._
+///
+///     The path segment is parsed by `T`'s `FromParam` implementation. The
+///     returned `Result` value is returned.
+///
+/// # Example
+///
+/// Say you want to parse a segment of the form:
+///
+/// ```text
+/// [a-zA-Z]+:[0-9]+
+/// ```
+///
+/// into the following structure, where the string before the `:` is stored in
+/// `key` and the number after the colon is stored in `value`:
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// # #[allow(dead_code)]
+/// struct MyParam<'r> {
+///     key: &'r str,
+///     value: usize
+/// }
+/// ```
+///
+/// The following implementation accomplishes this:
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// use rocket::request::FromParam;
+/// use rocket::http::RawStr;
+/// # #[allow(dead_code)]
+/// # struct MyParam<'r> { key: &'r str, value: usize }
+///
+/// impl<'r> FromParam<'r> for MyParam<'r> {
+///     type Error = &'r RawStr;
+///
+///     fn from_param(param: &'r RawStr) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+///         let (key, val_str) = match param.find(':') {
+///             Some(i) if i > 0 => (&param[..i], &param[(i + 1)..]),
+///             _ => return Err(param)
+///         };
+///
+///         if !key.chars().all(|c| (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') || (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z')) {
+///             return Err(param);
+///         }
+///
+///         val_str.parse().map(|value| {
+///             MyParam {
+///                 key: key,
+///                 value: value
+///             }
+///         }).map_err(|_| param)
+///     }
+/// }
+/// ```
+///
+/// With the implementation, the `MyParam` type can be used as the target of a
+/// dynamic path segment:
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// # #![feature(proc_macro_hygiene, decl_macro)]
+/// # #[macro_use] extern crate rocket;
+/// # use rocket::request::FromParam;
+/// # use rocket::http::RawStr;
+/// # #[allow(dead_code)]
+/// # struct MyParam<'r> { key: &'r str, value: usize }
+/// # impl<'r> FromParam<'r> for MyParam<'r> {
+/// #     type Error = &'r RawStr;
+/// #     fn from_param(param: &'r RawStr) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+/// #         Err(param)
+/// #     }
+/// # }
+/// #
+/// #[get("/<key_val>")]
+/// fn hello(key_val: MyParam) -> String {
+/// # let _kv = key_val;
+/// # /*
+///     ...
+/// # */
+/// # "".to_string()
+/// }
+/// # fn main() {  }
+/// ```
+pub trait FromParam<'a>: Sized {
+    /// The associated error to be returned if parsing/validation fails.
+    type Error: Debug;
+
+    /// Parses and validates an instance of `Self` from a path parameter string
+    /// or returns an `Error` if parsing or validation fails.
+    fn from_param(param: &'a RawStr) -> Result<Self, Self::Error>;
+}
+
+impl<'a> FromParam<'a> for &'a RawStr {
+    type Error = !;
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn from_param(param: &'a RawStr) -> Result<&'a RawStr, Self::Error> {
+        Ok(param)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> FromParam<'a> for String {
+    type Error = &'a RawStr;
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn from_param(param: &'a RawStr) -> Result<String, Self::Error> {
+        param.percent_decode().map(|cow| cow.into_owned()).map_err(|_| param)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> FromParam<'a> for Cow<'a, str> {
+    type Error = &'a RawStr;
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn from_param(param: &'a RawStr) -> Result<Cow<'a, str>, Self::Error> {
+        param.percent_decode().map_err(|_| param)
+    }
+}
+
+macro_rules! impl_with_fromstr {
+    ($($T:ty),+) => ($(
+        impl<'a> FromParam<'a> for $T {
+            type Error = &'a RawStr;
+
+            #[inline(always)]
+            fn from_param(param: &'a RawStr) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+                <$T as FromStr>::from_str(param.as_str()).map_err(|_| param)
+            }
+        }
+    )+)
+}
+
+use std::num::{
+    NonZeroI8, NonZeroI16, NonZeroI32, NonZeroI64, NonZeroI128, NonZeroIsize,
+    NonZeroU8, NonZeroU16, NonZeroU32, NonZeroU64, NonZeroU128, NonZeroUsize,
+};
+use std::net::{IpAddr, Ipv4Addr, Ipv6Addr, SocketAddrV4, SocketAddrV6, SocketAddr};
+
+impl_with_fromstr! {
+    i8, i16, i32, i64, i128, isize, u8, u16, u32, u64, u128, usize, f32, f64,
+    NonZeroI8, NonZeroI16, NonZeroI32, NonZeroI64, NonZeroI128, NonZeroIsize,
+    NonZeroU8, NonZeroU16, NonZeroU32, NonZeroU64, NonZeroU128, NonZeroUsize,
+    bool, IpAddr, Ipv4Addr, Ipv6Addr, SocketAddrV4, SocketAddrV6, SocketAddr
+}
+
+impl<'a, T: FromParam<'a>> FromParam<'a> for Result<T, T::Error> {
+    type Error = !;
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn from_param(param: &'a RawStr) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+        match T::from_param(param) {
+            Ok(val) => Ok(Ok(val)),
+            Err(e) => Ok(Err(e)),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a, T: FromParam<'a>> FromParam<'a> for Option<T> {
+    type Error = !;
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn from_param(param: &'a RawStr) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+        match T::from_param(param) {
+            Ok(val) => Ok(Some(val)),
+            Err(_) => Ok(None)
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Trait to convert _many_ dynamic path segment strings to a concrete value.
+///
+/// This is the `..` analog to [`FromParam`], and its functionality is identical
+/// to it with one exception: this trait applies to segment parameters of the
+/// form `<param..>`, where `param` is of some type `T` that implements
+/// `FromSegments`. `T::from_segments` is called to convert the matched segments
+/// (via the [`Segments`] iterator) into the implementing type.
+///
+/// # Provided Implementations
+///
+/// **`PathBuf`**
+///
+/// The `PathBuf` implementation constructs a path from the segments iterator.
+/// Each segment is percent-decoded. If a segment equals ".." before or after
+/// decoding, the previous segment (if any) is omitted. For security purposes,
+/// any other segments that begin with "*" or "." are ignored.  If a
+/// percent-decoded segment results in invalid UTF8, an `Err` is returned with
+/// the `Utf8Error`.
+pub trait FromSegments<'a>: Sized {
+    /// The associated error to be returned when parsing fails.
+    type Error: Debug;
+
+    /// Parses an instance of `Self` from many dynamic path parameter strings or
+    /// returns an `Error` if one cannot be parsed.
+    fn from_segments(segments: Segments<'a>) -> Result<Self, Self::Error>;
+}
+
+impl<'a> FromSegments<'a> for Segments<'a> {
+    type Error = !;
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn from_segments(segments: Segments<'a>) -> Result<Segments<'a>, Self::Error> {
+        Ok(segments)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Creates a `PathBuf` from a `Segments` iterator. The returned `PathBuf` is
+/// percent-decoded. If a segment is equal to "..", the previous segment (if
+/// any) is skipped.
+///
+/// For security purposes, if a segment meets any of the following conditions,
+/// an `Err` is returned indicating the condition met:
+///
+///   * Decoded segment starts with any of: `.` (except `..`), `*`
+///   * Decoded segment ends with any of: `:`, `>`, `<`
+///   * Decoded segment contains any of: `/`
+///   * On Windows, decoded segment contains any of: `\`
+///   * Percent-encoding results in invalid UTF8.
+///
+/// As a result of these conditions, a `PathBuf` derived via `FromSegments` is
+/// safe to interpolate within, or use as a suffix of, a path without additional
+/// checks.
+impl<'a> FromSegments<'a> for PathBuf {
+    type Error = SegmentError;
+
+    fn from_segments(segments: Segments<'a>) -> Result<PathBuf, SegmentError> {
+        segments.into_path_buf(false)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a, T: FromSegments<'a>> FromSegments<'a> for Result<T, T::Error> {
+    type Error = !;
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn from_segments(segments: Segments<'a>) -> Result<Result<T, T::Error>, !> {
+        match T::from_segments(segments) {
+            Ok(val) => Ok(Ok(val)),
+            Err(e) => Ok(Err(e)),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a, T: FromSegments<'a>> FromSegments<'a> for Option<T> {
+    type Error = !;
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn from_segments(segments: Segments<'a>) -> Result<Option<T>, !> {
+        match T::from_segments(segments) {
+            Ok(val) => Ok(Some(val)),
+            Err(_) => Ok(None)
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/request/query.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/request/query.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a1932579
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/request/query.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,237 @@
+use request::{FormItems, FormItem, Form, LenientForm, FromForm};
+
+/// Iterator over form items in a query string.
+///
+/// The `Query` type exists to separate, at the type level, _form_ form items
+/// ([`FormItems`]) from _query_ form items (`Query`). A value of type `Query`
+/// is passed in to implementations of the [`FromQuery`] trait by Rocket's code
+/// generation for every trailing query parameter, `<params..>` below:
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// # #![feature(proc_macro_hygiene, decl_macro)]
+/// # #[macro_use] extern crate rocket;
+/// #
+/// # use rocket::request::Form;
+/// # #[derive(FromForm)] struct Q { foo: usize }
+/// # type T = Form<Q>;
+/// #
+/// #[get("/user?<params..>")]
+/// fn user(params: T) { /* ... */ }
+/// # fn main() { }
+/// ```
+///
+/// # Usage
+///
+/// A value of type `Query` can only be used as an iterator over values of type
+/// [`FormItem`]. As such, its usage is equivalent to that of [`FormItems`], and
+/// we refer you to its documentation for further details.
+///
+/// ## Example
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// use rocket::request::Query;
+///
+/// # use rocket::request::FromQuery;
+/// #
+/// # struct MyType;
+/// # type Result = ::std::result::Result<MyType, ()>;
+/// #
+/// # impl<'q> FromQuery<'q> for MyType {
+/// #    type Error = ();
+/// #
+/// fn from_query(query: Query) -> Result {
+///     for item in query {
+///         println!("query key/value: ({}, {})", item.key, item.value);
+///     }
+///
+///     // ...
+/// #   Ok(MyType)
+/// }
+/// # }
+/// ```
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct Query<'q>(#[doc(hidden)] pub &'q [FormItem<'q>]);
+
+impl<'q> Iterator for Query<'q> {
+    type Item = FormItem<'q>;
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
+        if self.0.is_empty() {
+            return None;
+        }
+
+        let next = self.0[0];
+        self.0 = &self.0[1..];
+        Some(next)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Trait implemented by query guards to derive a value from a query string.
+///
+/// # Query Guards
+///
+/// A query guard operates on multiple items of a request's query string. It
+/// validates and optionally converts a query string into another value.
+/// Validation and parsing/conversion is implemented through `FromQuery`. In
+/// other words, every type that implements `FromQuery` is a query guard.
+///
+/// Query guards are used as the target of trailing query parameters, which
+/// syntactically take the form `<param..>` after a `?` in a route's path. For
+/// example, the parameter `user` is a trailing query parameter in the following
+/// route:
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// # #![feature(proc_macro_hygiene, decl_macro)]
+/// # #[macro_use] extern crate rocket;
+/// use rocket::request::Form;
+///
+/// #[derive(FromForm)]
+/// struct User {
+///     name: String,
+///     account: usize,
+/// }
+///
+/// #[get("/item?<id>&<user..>")]
+/// fn item(id: usize, user: Form<User>) { /* ... */ }
+/// # fn main() { }
+/// ```
+///
+/// The `FromQuery` implementation of `Form<User>` will be passed in a [`Query`]
+/// that iterates over all of the query items that don't have the key `id`
+/// (because of the `<id>` dynamic query parameter). For posterity, note that
+/// the `value` of an `id=value` item in a query string will be parsed as a
+/// `usize` and passed in to `item` as `id`.
+///
+/// # Forwarding
+///
+/// If the conversion fails, signaled by returning an `Err` from a `FromQuery`
+/// implementation, the incoming request will be forwarded to the next matching
+/// route, if any. For instance, in the `item` route above, if a query string is
+/// missing either a `name` or `account` key/value pair, or there is a query
+/// item with a key that is not `id`, `name`, or `account`, the request will be
+/// forwarded. Note that this strictness is imposed by the [`Form`] type. As an
+/// example, using the [`LenientForm`] type instead would allow extra form items
+/// to be ignored without forwarding. Alternatively, _not_ having a trailing
+/// parameter at all would result in the same.
+///
+/// # Provided Implementations
+///
+/// Rocket implements `FromQuery` for several standard types. Their behavior is
+/// documented here.
+///
+///   * **Form&lt;T>** _where_ **T: FromForm**
+///
+///     Parses the query as a strict form, where each key is mapped to a field
+///     in `T`. See [`Form`] for more information.
+///
+///   * **LenientForm&lt;T>** _where_ **T: FromForm**
+///
+///     Parses the query as a lenient form, where each key is mapped to a field
+///     in `T`. See [`LenientForm`] for more information.
+///
+///   * **Option&lt;T>** _where_ **T: FromQuery**
+///
+///     _This implementation always returns successfully._
+///
+///     The query is parsed by `T`'s `FromQuery` implementation. If the parse
+///     succeeds, a `Some(parsed_value)` is returned. Otherwise, a `None` is
+///     returned.
+///
+///   * **Result&lt;T, T::Error>** _where_ **T: FromQuery**
+///
+///     _This implementation always returns successfully._
+///
+///     The path segment is parsed by `T`'s `FromQuery` implementation. The
+///     returned `Result` value is returned.
+///
+/// # Example
+///
+/// Explicitly implementing `FromQuery` should be rare. For most use-cases, a
+/// query guard of `Form<T>` or `LenientForm<T>`, coupled with deriving
+/// `FromForm` (as in the previous example) will suffice. For special cases
+/// however, an implementation of `FromQuery` may be warranted.
+///
+/// Consider a contrived scheme where we expect to recieve one query key, `key`,
+/// three times and wish to take the middle value. For instance, consider the
+/// query:
+///
+/// ```text
+/// key=first_value&key=second_value&key=third_value
+/// ```
+///
+/// We wish to extract `second_value` from this query into a `Contrived` struct.
+/// Because `Form` and `LenientForm` will take the _last_ value (`third_value`
+/// here) and don't check that there are exactly three keys named `key`, we
+/// cannot make use of them and must implement `FromQuery` manually. Such an
+/// implementation might look like:
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// use rocket::http::RawStr;
+/// use rocket::request::{Query, FromQuery};
+///
+/// /// Our custom query guard.
+/// struct Contrived<'q>(&'q RawStr);
+///
+/// impl<'q> FromQuery<'q> for Contrived<'q> {
+///     /// The number of `key`s we actually saw.
+///     type Error = usize;
+///
+///     fn from_query(query: Query<'q>) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+///         let mut key_items = query.filter(|i| i.key == "key");
+///
+///         // This is cloning an iterator, which is cheap.
+///         let count = key_items.clone().count();
+///         if count != 3 {
+///             return Err(count);
+///         }
+///
+///         // The `ok_or` gets us a `Result`. We will never see `Err(0)`.
+///         key_items.map(|i| Contrived(i.value)).nth(1).ok_or(0)
+///     }
+/// }
+/// ```
+pub trait FromQuery<'q>: Sized {
+    /// The associated error to be returned if parsing/validation fails.
+    type Error;
+
+    /// Parses and validates an instance of `Self` from a query or returns an
+    /// `Error` if parsing or validation fails.
+    fn from_query(query: Query<'q>) -> Result<Self, Self::Error>;
+}
+
+impl<'q, T: FromForm<'q>> FromQuery<'q> for Form<T> {
+    type Error = T::Error;
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn from_query(q: Query<'q>) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+        T::from_form(&mut FormItems::from(q.0), true).map(Form)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'q, T: FromForm<'q>> FromQuery<'q> for LenientForm<T> {
+    type Error = <T as FromForm<'q>>::Error;
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn from_query(q: Query<'q>) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+        T::from_form(&mut FormItems::from(q.0), false).map(LenientForm)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'q, T: FromQuery<'q>> FromQuery<'q> for Option<T> {
+    type Error = !;
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn from_query(q: Query<'q>) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+        Ok(T::from_query(q).ok())
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'q, T: FromQuery<'q>> FromQuery<'q> for Result<T, T::Error> {
+    type Error = !;
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn from_query(q: Query<'q>) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+        Ok(T::from_query(q))
+    }
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/request/request.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/request/request.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..24783cf3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/request/request.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,894 @@
+use std::rc::Rc;
+use std::cell::{Cell, RefCell};
+use std::net::{IpAddr, SocketAddr};
+use std::fmt;
+use std::str;
+
+use yansi::Paint;
+use state::{Container, Storage};
+
+use request::{FromParam, FromSegments, FromRequest, Outcome};
+use request::{FromFormValue, FormItems, FormItem};
+
+use rocket::Rocket;
+use router::Route;
+use config::{Config, Limits};
+use http::{hyper, uri::{Origin, Segments}};
+use http::{Method, Header, HeaderMap, Cookies};
+use http::{RawStr, ContentType, Accept, MediaType};
+use http::private::{Indexed, SmallVec, CookieJar};
+
+type Indices = (usize, usize);
+
+/// The type of an incoming web request.
+///
+/// This should be used sparingly in Rocket applications. In particular, it
+/// should likely only be used when writing [`FromRequest`] implementations. It
+/// contains all of the information for a given web request except for the body
+/// data. This includes the HTTP method, URI, cookies, headers, and more.
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct Request<'r> {
+    method: Cell<Method>,
+    uri: Origin<'r>,
+    headers: HeaderMap<'r>,
+    remote: Option<SocketAddr>,
+    pub(crate) state: RequestState<'r>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub(crate) struct RequestState<'r> {
+    pub(crate) config: &'r Config,
+    pub(crate) managed: &'r Container,
+    pub(crate) path_segments: SmallVec<[Indices; 12]>,
+    pub(crate) query_items: Option<SmallVec<[IndexedFormItem; 6]>>,
+    pub(crate) route: Cell<Option<&'r Route>>,
+    pub(crate) cookies: RefCell<CookieJar>,
+    pub(crate) accept: Storage<Option<Accept>>,
+    pub(crate) content_type: Storage<Option<ContentType>>,
+    pub(crate) cache: Rc<Container>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub(crate) struct IndexedFormItem {
+    raw: Indices,
+    key: Indices,
+    value: Indices
+}
+
+impl<'r> Request<'r> {
+    /// Create a new `Request` with the given `method` and `uri`.
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub(crate) fn new<'s: 'r>(
+        rocket: &'r Rocket,
+        method: Method,
+        uri: Origin<'s>
+    ) -> Request<'r> {
+        let mut request = Request {
+            method: Cell::new(method),
+            uri: uri,
+            headers: HeaderMap::new(),
+            remote: None,
+            state: RequestState {
+                path_segments: SmallVec::new(),
+                query_items: None,
+                config: &rocket.config,
+                managed: &rocket.state,
+                route: Cell::new(None),
+                cookies: RefCell::new(CookieJar::new()),
+                accept: Storage::new(),
+                content_type: Storage::new(),
+                cache: Rc::new(Container::new()),
+            }
+        };
+
+        request.update_cached_uri_info();
+        request
+    }
+
+    /// Retrieve the method from `self`.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # use rocket::Request;
+    /// use rocket::http::Method;
+    ///
+    /// # Request::example(Method::Get, "/uri", |request| {
+    /// request.set_method(Method::Get);
+    /// assert_eq!(request.method(), Method::Get);
+    /// # });
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn method(&self) -> Method {
+        self.method.get()
+    }
+
+    /// Set the method of `self`.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # use rocket::Request;
+    /// use rocket::http::Method;
+    ///
+    /// # Request::example(Method::Get, "/uri", |request| {
+    /// assert_eq!(request.method(), Method::Get);
+    ///
+    /// request.set_method(Method::Post);
+    /// assert_eq!(request.method(), Method::Post);
+    /// # });
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn set_method(&mut self, method: Method) {
+        self._set_method(method);
+    }
+
+    /// Borrow the [`Origin`] URI from `self`.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # use rocket::Request;
+    /// # use rocket::http::Method;
+    /// # Request::example(Method::Get, "/uri", |request| {
+    /// assert_eq!(request.uri().path(), "/uri");
+    /// # });
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn uri(&self) -> &Origin {
+        &self.uri
+    }
+
+    /// Set the URI in `self` to `uri`.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::http::uri::Origin;
+    ///
+    /// # use rocket::Request;
+    /// # use rocket::http::Method;
+    /// # Request::example(Method::Get, "/uri", |mut request| {
+    /// let uri = Origin::parse("/hello/Sergio?type=greeting").unwrap();
+    /// request.set_uri(uri);
+    /// assert_eq!(request.uri().path(), "/hello/Sergio");
+    /// assert_eq!(request.uri().query(), Some("type=greeting"));
+    /// # });
+    /// ```
+    pub fn set_uri<'u: 'r>(&mut self, uri: Origin<'u>) {
+        self.uri = uri;
+        self.update_cached_uri_info();
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the address of the remote connection that initiated this
+    /// request if the address is known. If the address is not known, `None` is
+    /// returned.
+    ///
+    /// Because it is common for proxies to forward connections for clients, the
+    /// remote address may contain information about the proxy instead of the
+    /// client. For this reason, proxies typically set the "X-Real-IP" header
+    /// with the client's true IP. To extract this IP from the request, use the
+    /// [`real_ip()`] or [`client_ip()`] methods.
+    ///
+    /// [`real_ip()`]: #method.real_ip
+    /// [`client_ip()`]: #method.client_ip
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # use rocket::Request;
+    /// # use rocket::http::Method;
+    /// # Request::example(Method::Get, "/uri", |request| {
+    /// assert!(request.remote().is_none());
+    /// # });
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn remote(&self) -> Option<SocketAddr> {
+        self.remote
+    }
+
+    /// Sets the remote address of `self` to `address`.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// Set the remote address to be 127.0.0.1:8000:
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # use rocket::Request;
+    /// # use rocket::http::Method;
+    /// use std::net::{SocketAddr, IpAddr, Ipv4Addr};
+    ///
+    /// # Request::example(Method::Get, "/uri", |mut request| {
+    /// let (ip, port) = (IpAddr::V4(Ipv4Addr::new(127, 0, 0, 1)), 8000);
+    /// let localhost = SocketAddr::new(ip, port);
+    /// request.set_remote(localhost);
+    ///
+    /// assert_eq!(request.remote(), Some(localhost));
+    /// # });
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn set_remote(&mut self, address: SocketAddr) {
+        self.remote = Some(address);
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the IP address in the "X-Real-IP" header of the request if such
+    /// a header exists and contains a valid IP address.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # use rocket::Request;
+    /// # use rocket::http::{Header, Method};
+    /// # use std::net::{SocketAddr, IpAddr, Ipv4Addr};
+    ///
+    /// # Request::example(Method::Get, "/uri", |mut request| {
+    /// request.add_header(Header::new("X-Real-IP", "8.8.8.8"));
+    /// assert_eq!(request.real_ip(), Some("8.8.8.8".parse().unwrap()));
+    /// # });
+    /// ```
+    pub fn real_ip(&self) -> Option<IpAddr> {
+        self.headers()
+            .get_one("X-Real-IP")
+            .and_then(|ip| {
+                ip.parse()
+                    .map_err(|_| warn_!("'X-Real-IP' header is malformed: {}", ip))
+                    .ok()
+            })
+    }
+
+    /// Attempts to return the client's IP address by first inspecting the
+    /// "X-Real-IP" header and then using the remote connection's IP address.
+    ///
+    /// If the "X-Real-IP" header exists and contains a valid IP address, that
+    /// address is returned. Otherwise, if the address of the remote connection
+    /// is known, that address is returned. Otherwise, `None` is returned.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # use rocket::Request;
+    /// # use rocket::http::{Header, Method};
+    /// # use std::net::{SocketAddr, IpAddr, Ipv4Addr};
+    ///
+    /// # Request::example(Method::Get, "/uri", |mut request| {
+    /// // starting without an "X-Real-IP" header or remote addresss
+    /// assert!(request.client_ip().is_none());
+    ///
+    /// // add a remote address; this is done by Rocket automatically
+    /// request.set_remote("127.0.0.1:8000".parse().unwrap());
+    /// assert_eq!(request.client_ip(), Some("127.0.0.1".parse().unwrap()));
+    ///
+    /// // now with an X-Real-IP header
+    /// request.add_header(Header::new("X-Real-IP", "8.8.8.8"));
+    /// assert_eq!(request.client_ip(), Some("8.8.8.8".parse().unwrap()));
+    /// # });
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn client_ip(&self) -> Option<IpAddr> {
+        self.real_ip().or_else(|| self.remote().map(|r| r.ip()))
+    }
+
+    /// Returns a wrapped borrow to the cookies in `self`.
+    ///
+    /// [`Cookies`] implements internal mutability, so this method allows you to
+    /// get _and_ add/remove cookies in `self`.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// Add a new cookie to a request's cookies:
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # use rocket::Request;
+    /// # use rocket::http::Method;
+    /// use rocket::http::Cookie;
+    ///
+    /// # Request::example(Method::Get, "/uri", |mut request| {
+    /// request.cookies().add(Cookie::new("key", "val"));
+    /// request.cookies().add(Cookie::new("ans", format!("life: {}", 38 + 4)));
+    /// # });
+    /// ```
+    pub fn cookies(&self) -> Cookies {
+        // FIXME: Can we do better? This is disappointing.
+        match self.state.cookies.try_borrow_mut() {
+            Ok(jar) => Cookies::new(jar, self.state.config.secret_key()),
+            Err(_) => {
+                error_!("Multiple `Cookies` instances are active at once.");
+                info_!("An instance of `Cookies` must be dropped before another \
+                       can be retrieved.");
+                warn_!("The retrieved `Cookies` instance will be empty.");
+                Cookies::empty()
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns a [`HeaderMap`] of all of the headers in `self`.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # use rocket::Request;
+    /// # use rocket::http::Method;
+    /// # Request::example(Method::Get, "/uri", |request| {
+    /// let header_map = request.headers();
+    /// assert!(header_map.is_empty());
+    /// # });
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn headers(&self) -> &HeaderMap<'r> {
+        &self.headers
+    }
+
+    /// Add `header` to `self`'s headers. The type of `header` can be any type
+    /// that implements the `Into<Header>` trait. This includes common types
+    /// such as [`ContentType`] and [`Accept`].
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # use rocket::Request;
+    /// # use rocket::http::Method;
+    /// use rocket::http::ContentType;
+    ///
+    /// # Request::example(Method::Get, "/uri", |mut request| {
+    /// assert!(request.headers().is_empty());
+    ///
+    /// request.add_header(ContentType::HTML);
+    /// assert!(request.headers().contains("Content-Type"));
+    /// assert_eq!(request.headers().len(), 1);
+    /// # });
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn add_header<'h: 'r, H: Into<Header<'h>>>(&mut self, header: H) {
+        self.headers.add(header.into());
+    }
+
+    /// Replaces the value of the header with name `header.name` with
+    /// `header.value`. If no such header exists, `header` is added as a header
+    /// to `self`.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # use rocket::Request;
+    /// # use rocket::http::Method;
+    /// use rocket::http::ContentType;
+    ///
+    /// # Request::example(Method::Get, "/uri", |mut request| {
+    /// assert!(request.headers().is_empty());
+    ///
+    /// request.add_header(ContentType::Any);
+    /// assert_eq!(request.headers().get_one("Content-Type"), Some("*/*"));
+    ///
+    /// request.replace_header(ContentType::PNG);
+    /// assert_eq!(request.headers().get_one("Content-Type"), Some("image/png"));
+    /// # });
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn replace_header<'h: 'r, H: Into<Header<'h>>>(&mut self, header: H) {
+        self.headers.replace(header.into());
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the Content-Type header of `self`. If the header is not present,
+    /// returns `None`. The Content-Type header is cached after the first call
+    /// to this function. As a result, subsequent calls will always return the
+    /// same value.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # use rocket::Request;
+    /// # use rocket::http::Method;
+    /// use rocket::http::ContentType;
+    ///
+    /// # Request::example(Method::Get, "/uri", |mut request| {
+    /// request.add_header(ContentType::JSON);
+    /// assert_eq!(request.content_type(), Some(&ContentType::JSON));
+    ///
+    /// // The header is cached; it cannot be replaced after first access.
+    /// request.replace_header(ContentType::HTML);
+    /// assert_eq!(request.content_type(), Some(&ContentType::JSON));
+    /// # });
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn content_type(&self) -> Option<&ContentType> {
+        self.state.content_type.get_or_set(|| {
+            self.headers().get_one("Content-Type").and_then(|v| v.parse().ok())
+        }).as_ref()
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the Accept header of `self`. If the header is not present,
+    /// returns `None`. The Accept header is cached after the first call to this
+    /// function. As a result, subsequent calls will always return the same
+    /// value.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # use rocket::Request;
+    /// # use rocket::http::Method;
+    /// use rocket::http::Accept;
+    ///
+    /// # Request::example(Method::Get, "/uri", |mut request| {
+    /// request.add_header(Accept::JSON);
+    /// assert_eq!(request.accept(), Some(&Accept::JSON));
+    ///
+    /// // The header is cached; it cannot be replaced after first access.
+    /// request.replace_header(Accept::HTML);
+    /// assert_eq!(request.accept(), Some(&Accept::JSON));
+    /// # });
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn accept(&self) -> Option<&Accept> {
+        self.state.accept.get_or_set(|| {
+            self.headers().get_one("Accept").and_then(|v| v.parse().ok())
+        }).as_ref()
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the media type "format" of the request.
+    ///
+    /// The "format" of a request is either the Content-Type, if the request
+    /// methods indicates support for a payload, or the preferred media type in
+    /// the Accept header otherwise. If the method indicates no payload and no
+    /// Accept header is specified, a media type of `Any` is returned.
+    ///
+    /// The media type returned from this method is used to match against the
+    /// `format` route attribute.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # use rocket::Request;
+    /// use rocket::http::{Method, Accept, ContentType, MediaType};
+    ///
+    /// # Request::example(Method::Get, "/uri", |mut request| {
+    /// request.add_header(ContentType::JSON);
+    /// request.add_header(Accept::HTML);
+    ///
+    /// request.set_method(Method::Get);
+    /// assert_eq!(request.format(), Some(&MediaType::HTML));
+    ///
+    /// request.set_method(Method::Post);
+    /// assert_eq!(request.format(), Some(&MediaType::JSON));
+    /// # });
+    /// ```
+    pub fn format(&self) -> Option<&MediaType> {
+        static ANY: MediaType = MediaType::Any;
+        if self.method().supports_payload() {
+            self.content_type().map(|ct| ct.media_type())
+        } else {
+            // FIXME: Should we be using `accept_first` or `preferred`? Or
+            // should we be checking neither and instead pass things through
+            // where the client accepts the thing at all?
+            self.accept()
+                .map(|accept| accept.preferred().media_type())
+                .or(Some(&ANY))
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the configured application receive limits.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # use rocket::Request;
+    /// # use rocket::http::Method;
+    /// # Request::example(Method::Get, "/uri", |mut request| {
+    /// let json_limit = request.limits().get("json");
+    /// # });
+    /// ```
+    pub fn limits(&self) -> &'r Limits {
+        &self.state.config.limits
+    }
+
+    /// Get the presently matched route, if any.
+    ///
+    /// This method returns `Some` any time a handler or its guards are being
+    /// invoked. This method returns `None` _before_ routing has commenced; this
+    /// includes during request fairing callbacks.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # use rocket::Request;
+    /// # use rocket::http::Method;
+    /// # Request::example(Method::Get, "/uri", |mut request| {
+    /// let route = request.route();
+    /// # });
+    /// ```
+    pub fn route(&self) -> Option<&'r Route> {
+        self.state.route.get()
+    }
+
+    /// Invokes the request guard implementation for `T`, returning its outcome.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// Assuming a `User` request guard exists, invoke it:
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # use rocket::Request;
+    /// # use rocket::http::Method;
+    /// # type User = Method;
+    /// # Request::example(Method::Get, "/uri", |request| {
+    /// let outcome = request.guard::<User>();
+    /// # });
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// Retrieve managed state inside of a guard implementation:
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # use rocket::Request;
+    /// # use rocket::http::Method;
+    /// use rocket::State;
+    ///
+    /// # type Pool = usize;
+    /// # Request::example(Method::Get, "/uri", |request| {
+    /// let pool = request.guard::<State<Pool>>();
+    /// # });
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn guard<'a, T: FromRequest<'a, 'r>>(&'a self) -> Outcome<T, T::Error> {
+        T::from_request(self)
+    }
+
+    /// Retrieves the cached value for type `T` from the request-local cached
+    /// state of `self`. If no such value has previously been cached for this
+    /// request, `f` is called to produce the value which is subsequently
+    /// returned.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # use rocket::http::Method;
+    /// # use rocket::Request;
+    /// # type User = ();
+    /// fn current_user(request: &Request) -> User {
+    ///     // Validate request for a given user, load from database, etc.
+    /// }
+    ///
+    /// # Request::example(Method::Get, "/uri", |request| {
+    /// let user = request.local_cache(|| current_user(request));
+    /// # });
+    /// ```
+    pub fn local_cache<T, F>(&self, f: F) -> &T
+        where F: FnOnce() -> T,
+              T: Send + Sync + 'static
+    {
+        self.state.cache.try_get()
+            .unwrap_or_else(|| {
+                self.state.cache.set(f());
+                self.state.cache.get()
+            })
+    }
+
+    /// Retrieves and parses into `T` the 0-indexed `n`th segment from the
+    /// request. Returns `None` if `n` is greater than the number of segments.
+    /// Returns `Some(Err(T::Error))` if the parameter type `T` failed to be
+    /// parsed from the `n`th dynamic parameter.
+    ///
+    /// This method exists only to be used by manual routing. To retrieve
+    /// parameters from a request, use Rocket's code generation facilities.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # use rocket::{Request, http::Method};
+    /// use rocket::http::{RawStr, uri::Origin};
+    ///
+    /// # Request::example(Method::Get, "/", |req| {
+    /// fn string<'s>(req: &'s mut Request, uri: &'static str, n: usize) -> &'s RawStr {
+    ///     req.set_uri(Origin::parse(uri).unwrap());
+    ///
+    ///     req.get_param(n)
+    ///         .and_then(|r| r.ok())
+    ///         .unwrap_or("unnamed".into())
+    /// }
+    ///
+    /// assert_eq!(string(req, "/", 0).as_str(), "unnamed");
+    /// assert_eq!(string(req, "/a/b/this_one", 0).as_str(), "a");
+    /// assert_eq!(string(req, "/a/b/this_one", 1).as_str(), "b");
+    /// assert_eq!(string(req, "/a/b/this_one", 2).as_str(), "this_one");
+    /// assert_eq!(string(req, "/a/b/this_one", 3).as_str(), "unnamed");
+    /// assert_eq!(string(req, "/a/b/c/d/e/f/g/h", 7).as_str(), "h");
+    /// # });
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn get_param<'a, T>(&'a self, n: usize) -> Option<Result<T, T::Error>>
+        where T: FromParam<'a>
+    {
+        Some(T::from_param(self.raw_segment_str(n)?))
+    }
+
+    /// Retrieves and parses into `T` all of the path segments in the request
+    /// URI beginning and including the 0-indexed `n`th non-empty segment. `T`
+    /// must implement [`FromSegments`], which is used to parse the segments.
+    ///
+    /// This method exists only to be used by manual routing. To retrieve
+    /// segments from a request, use Rocket's code generation facilities.
+    ///
+    /// # Error
+    ///
+    /// If there are fewer than `n` non-empty segments, returns `None`. If
+    /// parsing the segments failed, returns `Some(Err(T:Error))`.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # use rocket::{Request, http::Method};
+    /// use std::path::PathBuf;
+    ///
+    /// use rocket::http::uri::Origin;
+    ///
+    /// # Request::example(Method::Get, "/", |req| {
+    /// fn path<'s>(req: &'s mut Request, uri: &'static str, n: usize) -> PathBuf {
+    ///     req.set_uri(Origin::parse(uri).unwrap());
+    ///
+    ///     req.get_segments(n)
+    ///         .and_then(|r| r.ok())
+    ///         .unwrap_or_else(|| "whoops".into())
+    /// }
+    ///
+    /// assert_eq!(path(req, "/", 0), PathBuf::from("whoops"));
+    /// assert_eq!(path(req, "/a/", 0), PathBuf::from("a"));
+    /// assert_eq!(path(req, "/a/b/c", 0), PathBuf::from("a/b/c"));
+    /// assert_eq!(path(req, "/a/b/c", 1), PathBuf::from("b/c"));
+    /// assert_eq!(path(req, "/a/b/c", 2), PathBuf::from("c"));
+    /// assert_eq!(path(req, "/a/b/c", 6), PathBuf::from("whoops"));
+    /// # });
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn get_segments<'a, T>(&'a self, n: usize) -> Option<Result<T, T::Error>>
+        where T: FromSegments<'a>
+    {
+        Some(T::from_segments(self.raw_segments(n)?))
+    }
+
+    /// Retrieves and parses into `T` the query value with key `key`. `T` must
+    /// implement [`FromFormValue`], which is used to parse the query's value.
+    /// Key matching is performed case-sensitively. If there are multiple pairs
+    /// with key `key`, the _last_ one is returned.
+    ///
+    /// This method exists only to be used by manual routing. To retrieve
+    /// query values from a request, use Rocket's code generation facilities.
+    ///
+    /// # Error
+    ///
+    /// If a query segment with key `key` isn't present, returns `None`. If
+    /// parsing the value fails, returns `Some(Err(T:Error))`.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # use rocket::{Request, http::Method};
+    /// use std::path::PathBuf;
+    /// use rocket::http::{RawStr, uri::Origin};
+    ///
+    /// # Request::example(Method::Get, "/", |req| {
+    /// fn value<'s>(req: &'s mut Request, uri: &'static str, key: &str) -> &'s RawStr {
+    ///     req.set_uri(Origin::parse(uri).unwrap());
+    ///
+    ///     req.get_query_value(key)
+    ///         .and_then(|r| r.ok())
+    ///         .unwrap_or("n/a".into())
+    /// }
+    ///
+    /// assert_eq!(value(req, "/?a=apple&z=zebra", "a").as_str(), "apple");
+    /// assert_eq!(value(req, "/?a=apple&z=zebra", "z").as_str(), "zebra");
+    /// assert_eq!(value(req, "/?a=apple&z=zebra", "A").as_str(), "n/a");
+    /// assert_eq!(value(req, "/?a=apple&z=zebra&a=argon", "a").as_str(), "argon");
+    /// assert_eq!(value(req, "/?a=1&a=2&a=3&b=4", "a").as_str(), "3");
+    /// assert_eq!(value(req, "/?a=apple&z=zebra", "apple").as_str(), "n/a");
+    /// # });
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn get_query_value<'a, T>(&'a self, key: &str) -> Option<Result<T, T::Error>>
+        where T: FromFormValue<'a>
+    {
+        self.raw_query_items()?
+            .rev()
+            .find(|item| item.key.as_str() == key)
+            .map(|item| T::from_form_value(item.value))
+    }
+}
+
+// All of these methods only exist for internal, including codegen, purposes.
+// They _are not_ part of the stable API.
+#[doc(hidden)]
+impl<'r> Request<'r> {
+    // Only used by doc-tests! Needs to be `pub` because doc-test are external.
+    pub fn example<F: Fn(&mut Request)>(method: Method, uri: &str, f: F) {
+        let rocket = Rocket::custom(Config::development());
+        let uri = Origin::parse(uri).expect("invalid URI in example");
+        let mut request = Request::new(&rocket, method, uri);
+        f(&mut request);
+    }
+
+    // Updates the cached `path_segments` and `query_items` in `self.state`.
+    // MUST be called whenever a new URI is set or updated.
+    #[inline]
+    fn update_cached_uri_info(&mut self) {
+        let path_segments = Segments(self.uri.path())
+            .map(|s| indices(s, self.uri.path()))
+            .collect();
+
+        let query_items = self.uri.query()
+            .map(|query_str| FormItems::from(query_str)
+                 .map(|item| IndexedFormItem::from(query_str, item))
+                 .collect()
+            );
+
+        self.state.path_segments = path_segments;
+        self.state.query_items = query_items;
+    }
+
+    /// Get the `n`th path segment, 0-indexed, after the mount point for the
+    /// currently matched route, as a string, if it exists. Used by codegen.
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn raw_segment_str(&self, n: usize) -> Option<&RawStr> {
+        self.routed_path_segment(n)
+            .map(|(i, j)| self.uri.path()[i..j].into())
+    }
+
+    /// Get the segments beginning at the `n`th, 0-indexed, after the mount
+    /// point for the currently matched route, if they exist. Used by codegen.
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn raw_segments(&self, n: usize) -> Option<Segments> {
+        self.routed_path_segment(n)
+            .map(|(i, _)| Segments(&self.uri.path()[i..]) )
+    }
+
+    // Returns an iterator over the raw segments of the path URI. Does not take
+    // into account the current route. This is used during routing.
+    #[inline]
+    pub(crate) fn raw_path_segments(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = &RawStr> {
+        let path = self.uri.path();
+        self.state.path_segments.iter().cloned()
+            .map(move |(i, j)| path[i..j].into())
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn routed_path_segment(&self, n: usize) -> Option<(usize, usize)> {
+        let mount_segments = self.route()
+            .map(|r| r.base.segment_count())
+            .unwrap_or(0);
+
+        self.state.path_segments.get(mount_segments + n).map(|(i, j)| (*i, *j))
+    }
+
+    // Retrieves the pre-parsed query items. Used by matching and codegen.
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn raw_query_items(
+        &self
+    ) -> Option<impl Iterator<Item = FormItem> + DoubleEndedIterator + Clone> {
+        let query = self.uri.query()?;
+        self.state.query_items.as_ref().map(move |items| {
+            items.iter().map(move |item| item.convert(query))
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Set `self`'s parameters given that the route used to reach this request
+    /// was `route`. Use during routing when attempting a given route.
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub(crate) fn set_route(&self, route: &'r Route) {
+        self.state.route.set(Some(route));
+    }
+
+    /// Set the method of `self`, even when `self` is a shared reference. Used
+    /// during routing to override methods for re-routing.
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub(crate) fn _set_method(&self, method: Method) {
+        self.method.set(method);
+    }
+
+    /// Convert from Hyper types into a Rocket Request.
+    pub(crate) fn from_hyp(
+        rocket: &'r Rocket,
+        h_method: hyper::Method,
+        h_headers: hyper::header::Headers,
+        h_uri: hyper::RequestUri,
+        h_addr: SocketAddr,
+    ) -> Result<Request<'r>, String> {
+        // Get a copy of the URI for later use.
+        let uri = match h_uri {
+            hyper::RequestUri::AbsolutePath(s) => s,
+            _ => return Err(format!("Bad URI: {}", h_uri)),
+        };
+
+        // Ensure that the method is known. TODO: Allow made-up methods?
+        let method = match Method::from_hyp(&h_method) {
+            Some(method) => method,
+            None => return Err(format!("Invalid method: {}", h_method))
+        };
+
+        // We need to re-parse the URI since we don't trust Hyper... :(
+        let uri = Origin::parse_owned(uri).map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
+
+        // Construct the request object.
+        let mut request = Request::new(rocket, method, uri);
+        request.set_remote(h_addr);
+
+        // Set the request cookies, if they exist.
+        if let Some(cookie_headers) = h_headers.get_raw("Cookie") {
+            let mut cookie_jar = CookieJar::new();
+            for header in cookie_headers {
+                let raw_str = match ::std::str::from_utf8(header) {
+                    Ok(string) => string,
+                    Err(_) => continue
+                };
+
+                for cookie_str in raw_str.split(';').map(|s| s.trim()) {
+                    if let Some(cookie) = Cookies::parse_cookie(cookie_str) {
+                        cookie_jar.add_original(cookie);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            request.state.cookies = RefCell::new(cookie_jar);
+        }
+
+        // Set the rest of the headers.
+        for hyp in h_headers.iter() {
+            if let Some(header_values) = h_headers.get_raw(hyp.name()) {
+                for value in header_values {
+                    // This is not totally correct since values needn't be UTF8.
+                    let value_str = String::from_utf8_lossy(value).into_owned();
+                    let header = Header::new(hyp.name().to_string(), value_str);
+                    request.add_header(header);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        Ok(request)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'r> fmt::Debug for Request<'r> {
+    fn fmt(&self, fmt: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+        fmt.debug_struct("Request")
+            .field("method", &self.method)
+            .field("uri", &self.uri)
+            .field("headers", &self.headers())
+            .field("remote", &self.remote())
+            .finish()
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'r> fmt::Display for Request<'r> {
+    /// Pretty prints a Request. This is primarily used by Rocket's logging
+    /// infrastructure.
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+        write!(f, "{} {}", Paint::green(self.method()), Paint::blue(&self.uri))?;
+
+        // Print the requests media type when the route specifies a format.
+        if let Some(media_type) = self.format() {
+            if !media_type.is_any() {
+                write!(f, " {}", Paint::yellow(media_type))?;
+            }
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+impl IndexedFormItem {
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn from(s: &str, i: FormItem) -> Self {
+        let (r, k, v) = (indices(i.raw, s), indices(i.key, s), indices(i.value, s));
+        IndexedFormItem { raw: r, key: k, value: v }
+    }
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn convert<'s>(&self, source: &'s str) -> FormItem<'s> {
+        FormItem {
+            raw: source[self.raw.0..self.raw.1].into(),
+            key: source[self.key.0..self.key.1].into(),
+            value: source[self.value.0..self.value.1].into(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn indices(needle: &str, haystack: &str) -> (usize, usize) {
+    Indexed::checked_from(needle, haystack)
+        .expect("segments inside of path/query")
+        .indices()
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/request/state.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/request/state.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..352b1385
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/request/state.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,190 @@
+use std::ops::Deref;
+
+use Rocket;
+use request::{self, FromRequest, Request};
+use outcome::Outcome;
+use http::Status;
+
+/// Request guard to retrieve managed state.
+///
+/// This type can be used as a request guard to retrieve the state Rocket is
+/// managing for some type `T`. This allows for the sharing of state across any
+/// number of handlers. A value for the given type must previously have been
+/// registered to be managed by Rocket via
+/// [`Rocket::manage()`](::Rocket::manage()). The type being managed must be
+/// thread safe and sendable across thread boundaries. In other words, it must
+/// implement [`Send`] + [`Sync`] + `'static`.
+///
+/// # Example
+///
+/// Imagine you have some configuration struct of the type `MyConfig` that you'd
+/// like to initialize at start-up and later access it in several handlers. The
+/// following example does just this:
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// # #![feature(proc_macro_hygiene, decl_macro)]
+/// # #[macro_use] extern crate rocket;
+/// use rocket::State;
+///
+/// // In a real application, this would likely be more complex.
+/// struct MyConfig {
+///     user_val: String
+/// }
+///
+/// #[get("/")]
+/// fn index(state: State<MyConfig>) -> String {
+///     format!("The config value is: {}", state.user_val)
+/// }
+///
+/// #[get("/raw")]
+/// fn raw_config_value<'r>(state: State<'r, MyConfig>) -> &'r str {
+///     // use `inner()` to get a lifetime longer than `deref` gives us
+///     state.inner().user_val.as_str()
+/// }
+///
+/// fn main() {
+///     let config = MyConfig {
+///         user_val: "user input".to_string()
+///     };
+///
+/// # if false { // We don't actually want to launch the server in an example.
+///     rocket::ignite()
+///         .mount("/", routes![index, raw_config_value])
+///         .manage(config)
+///         .launch();
+/// # }
+/// }
+/// ```
+///
+/// # Within Request Guards
+///
+/// Because `State` is itself a request guard, managed state can be retrieved
+/// from another request guard's implementation. In the following code example,
+/// `Item` retrieves the `MyConfig` managed state in its [`FromRequest`]
+/// implementation using the [`Request::guard()`] method.
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// use rocket::State;
+/// use rocket::request::{self, Request, FromRequest};
+///
+/// # struct MyConfig{ user_val: String };
+/// struct Item(String);
+///
+/// impl<'a, 'r> FromRequest<'a, 'r> for Item {
+///     type Error = ();
+///
+///     fn from_request(request: &'a Request<'r>) -> request::Outcome<Item, ()> {
+///         request.guard::<State<MyConfig>>()
+///             .map(|my_config| Item(my_config.user_val.clone()))
+///     }
+/// }
+/// ```
+///
+/// # Testing with `State`
+///
+/// When unit testing your application, you may find it necessary to manually
+/// construct a type of `State` to pass to your functions. To do so, use the
+/// [`State::from()`] static method:
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// # #![feature(proc_macro_hygiene, decl_macro)]
+/// # #[macro_use] extern crate rocket;
+/// use rocket::State;
+///
+/// struct MyManagedState(usize);
+///
+/// #[get("/")]
+/// fn handler(state: State<MyManagedState>) -> String {
+///     state.0.to_string()
+/// }
+///
+/// let rocket = rocket::ignite().manage(MyManagedState(127));
+/// let state = State::from(&rocket).expect("managing `MyManagedState`");
+/// assert_eq!(handler(state), "127");
+/// ```
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
+pub struct State<'r, T: Send + Sync + 'static>(&'r T);
+
+impl<'r, T: Send + Sync + 'static> State<'r, T> {
+    /// Retrieve a borrow to the underlying value with a lifetime of `'r`.
+    ///
+    /// Using this method is typically unnecessary as `State` implements
+    /// [`Deref`] with a [`Deref::Target`] of `T`. This means Rocket will
+    /// automatically coerce a `State<T>` to an `&T` as required. This method
+    /// should only be used when a longer lifetime is required.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::State;
+    ///
+    /// struct MyConfig {
+    ///     user_val: String
+    /// }
+    ///
+    /// // Use `inner()` to get a lifetime of `'r`
+    /// fn handler1<'r>(config: State<'r, MyConfig>) -> &'r str {
+    ///     &config.inner().user_val
+    /// }
+    ///
+    /// // Use the `Deref` implementation which coerces implicitly
+    /// fn handler2(config: State<MyConfig>) -> String {
+    ///     config.user_val.clone()
+    /// }
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn inner(&self) -> &'r T {
+        self.0
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the managed state value in `rocket` for the type `T` if it is
+    /// being managed by `rocket`. Otherwise, returns `None`.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::State;
+    ///
+    /// #[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
+    /// struct Managed(usize);
+    ///
+    /// #[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
+    /// struct Unmanaged(usize);
+    ///
+    /// let rocket = rocket::ignite().manage(Managed(7));
+    ///
+    /// let state: Option<State<Managed>> = State::from(&rocket);
+    /// assert_eq!(state.map(|s| s.inner()), Some(&Managed(7)));
+    ///
+    /// let state: Option<State<Unmanaged>> = State::from(&rocket);
+    /// assert_eq!(state, None);
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn from(rocket: &'r Rocket) -> Option<Self> {
+        rocket.state.try_get::<T>().map(State)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a, 'r, T: Send + Sync + 'static> FromRequest<'a, 'r> for State<'r, T> {
+    type Error = ();
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn from_request(req: &'a Request<'r>) -> request::Outcome<State<'r, T>, ()> {
+        match req.state.managed.try_get::<T>() {
+            Some(state) => Outcome::Success(State(state)),
+            None => {
+                error_!("Attempted to retrieve unmanaged state!");
+                Outcome::Failure((Status::InternalServerError, ()))
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'r, T: Send + Sync + 'static> Deref for State<'r, T> {
+    type Target = T;
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn deref(&self) -> &T {
+        self.0
+    }
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/request/tests.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/request/tests.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..af86787e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/request/tests.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+use std::net::{IpAddr, Ipv4Addr, SocketAddr};
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+
+use {Rocket, Request, Config};
+use http::hyper;
+
+macro_rules! assert_headers {
+    ($($key:expr => [$($value:expr),+]),+) => ({
+        // Set up the parameters to the hyper request object.
+        let h_method = hyper::Method::Get;
+        let h_uri = hyper::RequestUri::AbsolutePath("/test".to_string());
+        let h_addr = SocketAddr::new(IpAddr::V4(Ipv4Addr::new(127, 0, 0, 1)), 8000);
+        let mut h_headers = hyper::header::Headers::new();
+
+        // Add all of the passed in headers to the request.
+        $($(h_headers.append_raw($key.to_string(), $value.as_bytes().into());)+)+
+
+        // Build up what we expect the headers to actually be.
+        let mut expected = HashMap::new();
+        $(expected.entry($key).or_insert(vec![]).append(&mut vec![$($value),+]);)+
+
+        // Dispatch the request and check that the headers are what we expect.
+        let config = Config::development();
+        let r = Rocket::custom(config);
+        let req = Request::from_hyp(&r, h_method, h_headers, h_uri, h_addr).unwrap();
+        let actual_headers = req.headers();
+        for (key, values) in expected.iter() {
+            let actual: Vec<_> = actual_headers.get(key).collect();
+            assert_eq!(*values, actual);
+        }
+    })
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_multiple_headers_from_hyp() {
+    assert_headers!("friends" => ["alice"]);
+    assert_headers!("friends" => ["alice", "bob"]);
+    assert_headers!("friends" => ["alice", "bob, carol"]);
+    assert_headers!("friends" => ["alice, david", "bob, carol", "eric, frank"]);
+    assert_headers!("friends" => ["alice"], "enemies" => ["victor"]);
+    assert_headers!("friends" => ["alice", "bob"], "enemies" => ["david", "emily"]);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_multiple_headers_merge_into_one_from_hyp() {
+    assert_headers!("friend" => ["alice"], "friend" => ["bob"]);
+    assert_headers!("friend" => ["alice"], "friend" => ["bob"], "friend" => ["carol"]);
+    assert_headers!("friend" => ["alice"], "friend" => ["bob"], "enemy" => ["carol"]);
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/response/content.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/response/content.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f534d1c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/response/content.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+//! Contains types that set the Content-Type of a response.
+//!
+//! # Usage
+//!
+//! Each type wraps a given responder. The `Responder` implementation of each
+//! type replaces the Content-Type of the wrapped responder and delegates the
+//! remainder of the response to the wrapped responder. This allows for setting
+//! the Content-Type of a type that doesn't set it itself or for overriding one
+//! that does.
+//!
+//! # Example
+//!
+//! The following snippet creates an `Html` content response for a string.
+//! Normally, raw strings set their response Content-Type to `text/plain`. By
+//! using the `Html` content response, the Content-Type will be set to
+//! `text/html` instead.
+//!
+//! ```rust
+//! use rocket::response::content;
+//!
+//! # #[allow(unused_variables)]
+//! let response = content::Html("<h1>Hello, world!</h1>");
+//! ```
+
+use request::Request;
+use response::{Response, Responder};
+use http::{Status, ContentType};
+
+/// Sets the Content-Type of a `Responder` to a chosen value.
+///
+/// Delegates the remainder of the response to the wrapped responder.
+///
+/// # Example
+///
+/// Set the Content-Type of a string to PDF.
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// use rocket::response::content::Content;
+/// use rocket::http::ContentType;
+///
+/// # #[allow(unused_variables)]
+/// let response = Content(ContentType::PDF, "Hi.");
+/// ```
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
+pub struct Content<R>(pub ContentType, pub R);
+
+/// Overrides the Content-Type of the response to the wrapped `ContentType` then
+/// delegates the remainder of the response to the wrapped responder.
+impl<'r, R: Responder<'r>> Responder<'r> for Content<R> {
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn respond_to(self, req: &Request) -> Result<Response<'r>, Status> {
+        Response::build()
+            .merge(self.1.respond_to(req)?)
+            .header(self.0)
+            .ok()
+    }
+}
+
+macro_rules! ctrs {
+    ($($name:ident: $ct:ident, $name_str:expr, $ct_str:expr),+) => {
+        $(
+            #[doc="Override the `Content-Type` of the response to <b>"]
+            #[doc=$name_str]
+            #[doc="</b>, or <i>"]
+            #[doc=$ct_str]
+            #[doc="</i>."]
+            ///
+            /// Delegates the remainder of the response to the wrapped responder.
+            #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
+            pub struct $name<R>(pub R);
+
+            /// Sets the Content-Type of the response then delegates the
+            /// remainder of the response to the wrapped responder.
+            impl<'r, R: Responder<'r>> Responder<'r> for $name<R> {
+                fn respond_to(self, req: &Request) -> Result<Response<'r>, Status> {
+                    Content(ContentType::$ct, self.0).respond_to(req)
+                }
+            }
+        )+
+    }
+}
+
+ctrs! {
+    // FIXME: Add a note that this is _not_ the `contrib` `Json`.
+    Json: JSON, "JSON", "application/json",
+    Xml: XML, "XML", "text/xml",
+    MsgPack: MsgPack, "MessagePack", "application/msgpack",
+    Html: HTML, "HTML", "text/html",
+    Plain: Plain, "plain text", "text/plain",
+    Css: CSS, "CSS", "text/css",
+    JavaScript: JavaScript, "JavaScript", "application/javascript"
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/response/debug.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/response/debug.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..40f88d37
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/response/debug.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+use crate::request::Request;
+use crate::response::{self, Response, Responder};
+use crate::http::Status;
+
+use yansi::Paint;
+
+/// Debug prints the internal value before responding with a 500 error.
+///
+/// This value exists primarily to allow handler return types that would not
+/// otherwise implement [`Responder`]. It is typically used in conjunction with
+/// `Result<T, E>` where `E` implements `Debug` but not `Responder`.
+///
+/// # Example
+///
+/// Because of the generic `From<E>` implementation for `Debug<E>`, conversions
+/// from `Result<T, E>` to `Result<T, Debug<E>>` through `?` occur
+/// automatically:
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// # #![feature(proc_macro_hygiene, decl_macro)]
+/// use std::io::{self, Read};
+///
+/// # use rocket::post;
+/// use rocket::Data;
+/// use rocket::response::Debug;
+///
+/// #[post("/", format = "plain", data = "<data>")]
+/// fn post(data: Data) -> Result<String, Debug<io::Error>> {
+///     let mut name = String::with_capacity(32);
+///     data.open().take(32).read_to_string(&mut name)?;
+///     Ok(name)
+/// }
+/// ```
+///
+/// It is also possible to map the error directly to `Debug` via
+/// [`Result::map_err()`]:
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// # #![feature(proc_macro_hygiene, decl_macro)]
+/// use std::string::FromUtf8Error;
+///
+/// # use rocket::get;
+/// use rocket::response::Debug;
+///
+/// #[get("/")]
+/// fn rand_str() -> Result<String, Debug<FromUtf8Error>> {
+///     # /*
+///     let bytes: Vec<u8> = random_bytes();
+///     # */
+///     # let bytes: Vec<u8> = vec![];
+///     String::from_utf8(bytes).map_err(Debug)
+/// }
+/// ```
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct Debug<E>(pub E);
+
+impl<E> From<E> for Debug<E> {
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn from(e: E) -> Self {
+        Debug(e)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'r, E: std::fmt::Debug> Responder<'r> for Debug<E> {
+    fn respond_to(self, _: &Request<'_>) -> response::Result<'r> {
+        warn_!("Debug: {:?}", Paint::default(self.0));
+        warn_!("Debug always responds with {}.", Status::InternalServerError);
+        Response::build().status(Status::InternalServerError).ok()
+    }
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/response/flash.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/response/flash.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e77f0bb5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/response/flash.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,269 @@
+use std::convert::AsRef;
+
+use time::Duration;
+
+use outcome::IntoOutcome;
+use response::{Response, Responder};
+use request::{self, Request, FromRequest};
+use http::{Status, Cookie};
+use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering};
+
+// The name of the actual flash cookie.
+const FLASH_COOKIE_NAME: &str = "_flash";
+
+// Character to use as a delimiter after the cookie's name's length.
+const FLASH_COOKIE_DELIM: char = ':';
+
+/// Sets a "flash" cookie that will be removed when it is accessed. The
+/// analogous request type is [`FlashMessage`].
+///
+/// This type makes it easy to send messages across requests. It is typically
+/// used for "status" messages after redirects. For instance, if a user attempts
+/// to visit a page he/she does not have access to, you may want to redirect the
+/// user to a safe place and show a message indicating what happened on the
+/// redirected page. The message should only persist for a single request. This
+/// can be accomplished with this type.
+///
+/// # Usage
+///
+/// Each `Flash` message consists of a `name` and some `msg` contents. A generic
+/// constructor ([new](#method.new)) can be used to construct a message with any
+/// name, while the [warning](#method.warning), [success](#method.success), and
+/// [error](#method.error) constructors create messages with the corresponding
+/// names.
+///
+/// Messages can be retrieved on the request side via the [`FlashMessage`] type
+/// and the [name](#method.name) and [msg](#method.msg) methods.
+///
+/// # Response
+///
+/// The `Responder` implementation for `Flash` sets the message cookie and then
+/// uses the passed in responder `res` to complete the response. In other words,
+/// it simply sets a cookie and delegates the rest of the response handling to
+/// the wrapped responder.
+///
+/// # Example
+///
+/// The following complete Rocket application illustrates the use of a `Flash`
+/// message on both the request and response sides.
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// # #![feature(proc_macro_hygiene, decl_macro)]
+/// # #[macro_use] extern crate rocket;
+/// use rocket::response::{Flash, Redirect};
+/// use rocket::request::FlashMessage;
+/// use rocket::http::RawStr;
+///
+/// #[post("/login/<name>")]
+/// fn login(name: &RawStr) -> Result<&'static str, Flash<Redirect>> {
+///     if name == "special_user" {
+///         Ok("Hello, special user!")
+///     } else {
+///         Err(Flash::error(Redirect::to("/"), "Invalid username."))
+///     }
+/// }
+///
+/// #[get("/")]
+/// fn index(flash: Option<FlashMessage>) -> String {
+///     flash.map(|msg| format!("{}: {}", msg.name(), msg.msg()))
+///          .unwrap_or_else(|| "Welcome!".to_string())
+/// }
+///
+/// fn main() {
+/// # if false { // We don't actually want to launch the server in an example.
+///     rocket::ignite().mount("/", routes![login, index]).launch();
+/// # }
+/// }
+/// ```
+///
+/// On the response side (in `login`), a `Flash` error message is set if some
+/// fictional authentication failed, and the user is redirected to `"/"`. On the
+/// request side (in `index`), the handler emits the flash message if there is
+/// one and otherwise emits a standard welcome message. Note that if the user
+/// were to refresh the index page after viewing a flash message, the user would
+/// receive the standard welcome message.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct Flash<R> {
+    name: String,
+    message: String,
+    consumed: AtomicBool,
+    inner: R,
+}
+
+/// Type alias to retrieve [`Flash`] messages from a request.
+///
+/// # Flash Cookie
+///
+/// A `FlashMessage` holds the parsed contents of the flash cookie. As long as
+/// there is a flash cookie present (set by the `Flash` `Responder`), a
+/// `FlashMessage` request guard will succeed.
+///
+/// The flash cookie is cleared if either the [`name()`] or [`msg()`] method is
+/// called. If neither method is called, the flash cookie is not cleared.
+///
+/// [`name()`]: Flash::name()
+/// [`msg()`]: Flash::msg()
+pub type FlashMessage<'a, 'r> = ::response::Flash<&'a Request<'r>>;
+
+impl<'r, R: Responder<'r>> Flash<R> {
+    /// Constructs a new `Flash` message with the given `name`, `msg`, and
+    /// underlying `responder`.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// Construct a "suggestion" message with contents "Try this out!" that
+    /// redirects to "/".
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::response::{Redirect, Flash};
+    ///
+    /// # #[allow(unused_variables)]
+    /// let msg = Flash::new(Redirect::to("/"), "suggestion", "Try this out!");
+    /// ```
+    pub fn new<N: AsRef<str>, M: AsRef<str>>(res: R, name: N, msg: M) -> Flash<R> {
+        Flash {
+            name: name.as_ref().to_string(),
+            message: msg.as_ref().to_string(),
+            consumed: AtomicBool::default(),
+            inner: res,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Constructs a "success" `Flash` message with the given `responder` and
+    /// `msg`.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// Construct a "success" message with contents "It worked!" that redirects
+    /// to "/".
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::response::{Redirect, Flash};
+    ///
+    /// # #[allow(unused_variables)]
+    /// let msg = Flash::success(Redirect::to("/"), "It worked!");
+    /// ```
+    pub fn success<S: AsRef<str>>(responder: R, msg: S) -> Flash<R> {
+        Flash::new(responder, "success", msg)
+    }
+
+    /// Constructs a "warning" `Flash` message with the given `responder` and
+    /// `msg`.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// Construct a "warning" message with contents "Watch out!" that redirects
+    /// to "/".
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::response::{Redirect, Flash};
+    ///
+    /// # #[allow(unused_variables)]
+    /// let msg = Flash::warning(Redirect::to("/"), "Watch out!");
+    /// ```
+    pub fn warning<S: AsRef<str>>(responder: R, msg: S) -> Flash<R> {
+        Flash::new(responder, "warning", msg)
+    }
+
+    /// Constructs an "error" `Flash` message with the given `responder` and
+    /// `msg`.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// Construct an "error" message with contents "Whoops!" that redirects
+    /// to "/".
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::response::{Redirect, Flash};
+    ///
+    /// # #[allow(unused_variables)]
+    /// let msg = Flash::error(Redirect::to("/"), "Whoops!");
+    /// ```
+    pub fn error<S: AsRef<str>>(responder: R, msg: S) -> Flash<R> {
+        Flash::new(responder, "error", msg)
+    }
+
+    fn cookie(&self) -> Cookie<'static> {
+        let content = format!("{}{}{}{}",
+            self.name.len(), FLASH_COOKIE_DELIM, self.name, self.message);
+
+        Cookie::build(FLASH_COOKIE_NAME, content)
+            .max_age(Duration::minutes(5))
+            .path("/")
+            .finish()
+    }
+}
+
+/// Sets the message cookie and then uses the wrapped responder to complete the
+/// response. In other words, simply sets a cookie and delegates the rest of the
+/// response handling to the wrapped responder. As a result, the `Outcome` of
+/// the response is the `Outcome` of the wrapped `Responder`.
+impl<'r, R: Responder<'r>> Responder<'r> for Flash<R> {
+    fn respond_to(self, req: &Request) -> Result<Response<'r>, Status> {
+        trace_!("Flash: setting message: {}:{}", self.name, self.message);
+        req.cookies().add(self.cookie());
+        self.inner.respond_to(req)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a, 'r> Flash<&'a Request<'r>> {
+    /// Constructs a new message with the given name and message for the given
+    /// request.
+    fn named(name: &str, msg: &str, req: &'a Request<'r>) -> Flash<&'a Request<'r>> {
+        Flash {
+            name: name.to_string(),
+            message: msg.to_string(),
+            consumed: AtomicBool::new(false),
+            inner: req,
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Clears the request cookie if it hasn't already been cleared.
+    fn clear_cookie_if_needed(&self) {
+        // Remove the cookie if it hasn't already been removed.
+        if !self.consumed.swap(true, Ordering::Relaxed) {
+            let cookie = Cookie::build(FLASH_COOKIE_NAME, "").path("/").finish();
+            self.inner.cookies().remove(cookie);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the `name` of this message.
+    pub fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        self.clear_cookie_if_needed();
+        &self.name
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the `msg` contents of this message.
+    pub fn msg(&self) -> &str {
+        self.clear_cookie_if_needed();
+        &self.message
+    }
+}
+
+/// Retrieves a flash message from a flash cookie. If there is no flash cookie,
+/// or if the flash cookie is malformed, an empty `Err` is returned.
+///
+/// The suggested use is through an `Option` and the `FlashMessage` type alias
+/// in `request`: `Option<FlashMessage>`.
+impl<'a, 'r> FromRequest<'a, 'r> for Flash<&'a Request<'r>> {
+    type Error = ();
+
+    fn from_request(req: &'a Request<'r>) -> request::Outcome<Self, Self::Error> {
+        trace_!("Flash: attempting to retrieve message.");
+        req.cookies().get(FLASH_COOKIE_NAME).ok_or(()).and_then(|cookie| {
+            trace_!("Flash: retrieving message: {:?}", cookie);
+
+            // Parse the flash message.
+            let content = cookie.value();
+            let (len_str, kv) = match content.find(FLASH_COOKIE_DELIM) {
+                Some(i) => (&content[..i], &content[(i + 1)..]),
+                None => return Err(()),
+            };
+
+            match len_str.parse::<usize>() {
+                Ok(i) if i <= kv.len() => Ok(Flash::named(&kv[..i], &kv[i..], req)),
+                _ => Err(())
+            }
+        }).into_outcome(Status::BadRequest)
+    }
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/response/mod.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/response/mod.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1b28e6af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/response/mod.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+//! Types and traits to build and send responses.
+//!
+//! The return type of a Rocket handler can be any type that implements the
+//! [`Responder`](::response::Responder) trait, which means that the type knows
+//! how to generate a [`Response`]. Among other things, this module contains
+//! several such types.
+//!
+//! # Composing
+//!
+//! Many of the built-in `Responder` types _chain_ responses: they take in
+//! another `Responder` and add, remove, or change information in the response.
+//! In other words, many `Responder` types are built to compose well. As a
+//! result, you'll often have types of the form `A<B<C>>` consisting of three
+//! `Responder`s `A`, `B`, and `C`. This is normal and encouraged as the type
+//! names typically illustrate the intended response.
+//!
+//! # Contrib
+//!
+//! The [`contrib` crate] contains several useful `Responder`s including
+//! [`Template`] and [`Json`].
+//!
+//! [`contrib` crate]: ../../rocket_contrib
+//! [`Template`]: ../../rocket_contrib/templates/struct.Template.html
+//! [`Json`]: ../../rocket_contrib/json/struct.Json.html
+
+mod responder;
+mod redirect;
+mod named_file;
+mod stream;
+mod response;
+mod debug;
+
+pub(crate) mod flash;
+
+pub mod content;
+pub mod status;
+
+#[doc(hidden)] pub use rocket_codegen::Responder;
+
+pub use self::response::{Response, ResponseBuilder, Body, DEFAULT_CHUNK_SIZE};
+pub use self::responder::Responder;
+pub use self::redirect::Redirect;
+pub use self::flash::Flash;
+pub use self::named_file::NamedFile;
+pub use self::stream::Stream;
+pub use self::debug::Debug;
+#[doc(inline)] pub use self::content::Content;
+
+/// Type alias for the `Result` of a `Responder::respond` call.
+pub type Result<'r> = ::std::result::Result<self::Response<'r>, ::http::Status>;
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/response/named_file.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/response/named_file.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..60375abd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/response/named_file.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+use std::fs::File;
+use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
+use std::io;
+use std::ops::{Deref, DerefMut};
+
+use request::Request;
+use response::{self, Responder};
+use http::ContentType;
+
+/// A file with an associated name; responds with the Content-Type based on the
+/// file extension.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct NamedFile(PathBuf, File);
+
+impl NamedFile {
+    /// Attempts to open a file in read-only mode.
+    ///
+    /// # Errors
+    ///
+    /// This function will return an error if path does not already exist. Other
+    /// errors may also be returned according to
+    /// [`OpenOptions::open()`](std::fs::OpenOptions::open()).
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::response::NamedFile;
+    ///
+    /// # #[allow(unused_variables)]
+    /// let file = NamedFile::open("foo.txt");
+    /// ```
+    pub fn open<P: AsRef<Path>>(path: P) -> io::Result<NamedFile> {
+        let file = File::open(path.as_ref())?;
+        Ok(NamedFile(path.as_ref().to_path_buf(), file))
+    }
+
+    /// Retrieve the underlying `File`.
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn file(&self) -> &File {
+        &self.1
+    }
+
+    /// Take the underlying `File`.
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn take_file(self) -> File {
+        self.1
+    }
+
+    /// Retrieve a mutable borrow to the underlying `File`.
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn file_mut(&mut self) -> &mut File {
+        &mut self.1
+    }
+
+    /// Retrieve the path of this file.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # use std::io;
+    /// use rocket::response::NamedFile;
+    ///
+    /// # #[allow(dead_code)]
+    /// # fn demo_path() -> io::Result<()> {
+    /// let file = NamedFile::open("foo.txt")?;
+    /// assert_eq!(file.path().as_os_str(), "foo.txt");
+    /// # Ok(())
+    /// # }
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn path(&self) -> &Path {
+        self.0.as_path()
+    }
+}
+
+/// Streams the named file to the client. Sets or overrides the Content-Type in
+/// the response according to the file's extension if the extension is
+/// recognized. See [`ContentType::from_extension()`] for more information. If
+/// you would like to stream a file with a different Content-Type than that
+/// implied by its extension, use a [`File`] directly.
+impl<'r> Responder<'r> for NamedFile {
+    fn respond_to(self, req: &Request) -> response::Result<'r> {
+        let mut response = self.1.respond_to(req)?;
+        if let Some(ext) = self.0.extension() {
+            if let Some(ct) = ContentType::from_extension(&ext.to_string_lossy()) {
+                response.set_header(ct);
+            }
+        }
+
+        Ok(response)
+    }
+}
+
+impl Deref for NamedFile {
+    type Target = File;
+
+    fn deref(&self) -> &File {
+        &self.1
+    }
+}
+
+impl DerefMut for NamedFile {
+    fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut File {
+        &mut self.1
+    }
+}
+
+impl io::Read for NamedFile {
+    fn read(&mut self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
+        self.file().read(buf)
+    }
+
+    fn read_to_end(&mut self, buf: &mut Vec<u8>) -> io::Result<usize> {
+        self.file().read_to_end(buf)
+    }
+}
+
+impl io::Write for NamedFile {
+    fn write(&mut self, buf: &[u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
+        self.file().write(buf)
+    }
+
+    fn flush(&mut self) -> io::Result<()> {
+        self.file().flush()
+    }
+}
+
+impl io::Seek for NamedFile {
+    fn seek(&mut self, pos: io::SeekFrom) -> io::Result<u64> {
+        self.file().seek(pos)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> io::Read for &'a NamedFile {
+    fn read(&mut self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
+        self.file().read(buf)
+    }
+
+    fn read_to_end(&mut self, buf: &mut Vec<u8>) -> io::Result<usize> {
+        self.file().read_to_end(buf)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> io::Write for &'a NamedFile {
+    fn write(&mut self, buf: &[u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
+        self.file().write(buf)
+    }
+
+    fn flush(&mut self) -> io::Result<()> {
+        self.file().flush()
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> io::Seek for &'a NamedFile {
+    fn seek(&mut self, pos: io::SeekFrom) -> io::Result<u64> {
+        self.file().seek(pos)
+    }
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/response/redirect.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/response/redirect.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a1492892
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/response/redirect.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+use std::convert::TryInto;
+
+use request::Request;
+use response::{Response, Responder};
+use http::uri::Uri;
+use http::Status;
+
+/// An empty redirect response to a given URL.
+///
+/// This type simplifies returning a redirect response to the client.
+///
+/// # Usage
+///
+/// All constructors accept a generic type of `T: TryInto<Uri<'static>>`. Among
+/// the candidate types are:
+///
+///   * `String`
+///   * `&'static str`
+///   * [`Origin`](::http::uri::Origin)
+///   * [`Authority`](::http::uri::Authority)
+///   * [`Absolute`](::http::uri::Absolute)
+///   * [`Uri`](::http::uri::Uri)
+///
+/// Any non-`'static` strings must first be allocated using `.to_string()` or
+/// similar before being passed to a `Redirect` constructor. When redirecting to
+/// a route, _always_ use [`uri!`] to construct a valid [`Origin`]:
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// # #![feature(proc_macro_hygiene, decl_macro)]
+/// # #[macro_use] extern crate rocket;
+/// use rocket::response::Redirect;
+///
+/// #[get("/hello/<name>/<age>")]
+/// fn hello(name: String, age: u8) -> String {
+///     format!("Hello, {} year old named {}!", age, name)
+/// }
+///
+/// #[get("/hi/<name>/<age>")]
+/// fn hi(name: String, age: u8) -> Redirect {
+///     Redirect::to(uri!(hello: name, age))
+/// }
+/// ```
+///
+/// [`Origin`]: ::http::uri::Origin
+/// [`uri!`]: ../../rocket/macro.uri.html
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct Redirect(Status, Option<Uri<'static>>);
+
+impl Redirect {
+    /// Construct a temporary "see other" (303) redirect response. This is the
+    /// typical response when redirecting a user to another page. This type of
+    /// redirect indicates that the client should look elsewhere, but always via
+    /// a `GET` request, for a given resource.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::response::Redirect;
+    ///
+    /// # let query = "foo";
+    /// let redirect = Redirect::to("/other_url");
+    /// let redirect = Redirect::to(format!("https://google.com/{}", query));
+    /// ```
+    pub fn to<U: TryInto<Uri<'static>>>(uri: U) -> Redirect {
+        Redirect(Status::SeeOther, uri.try_into().ok())
+    }
+
+   /// Construct a "temporary" (307) redirect response. This response instructs
+   /// the client to reissue the current request to a different URL,
+   /// maintaining the contents of the request identically. This means that,
+   /// for example, a `POST` request will be resent, contents included, to the
+   /// requested URL.
+   ///
+   /// # Examples
+   ///
+   /// ```rust
+   /// use rocket::response::Redirect;
+   ///
+   /// # let query = "foo";
+   /// let redirect = Redirect::temporary("/other_url");
+   /// let redirect = Redirect::temporary(format!("https://google.com/{}", query));
+   /// ```
+   pub fn temporary<U: TryInto<Uri<'static>>>(uri: U) -> Redirect {
+       Redirect(Status::TemporaryRedirect, uri.try_into().ok())
+   }
+
+   /// Construct a "permanent" (308) redirect response. This redirect must only
+   /// be used for permanent redirects as it is cached by clients. This
+   /// response instructs the client to reissue requests for the current URL to
+   /// a different URL, now and in the future, maintaining the contents of the
+   /// request identically. This means that, for example, a `POST` request will
+   /// be resent, contents included, to the requested URL.
+   ///
+   /// # Examples
+   ///
+   /// ```rust
+   /// use rocket::response::Redirect;
+   ///
+   /// # let query = "foo";
+   /// let redirect = Redirect::permanent("/other_url");
+   /// let redirect = Redirect::permanent(format!("https://google.com/{}", query));
+   /// ```
+   pub fn permanent<U: TryInto<Uri<'static>>>(uri: U) -> Redirect {
+       Redirect(Status::PermanentRedirect, uri.try_into().ok())
+   }
+
+   /// Construct a temporary "found" (302) redirect response. This response
+   /// instructs the client to reissue the current request to a different URL,
+   /// ideally maintaining the contents of the request identically.
+   /// Unfortunately, different clients may respond differently to this type of
+   /// redirect, so `303` or `307` redirects, which disambiguate, are
+   /// preferred.
+   ///
+   /// # Examples
+   ///
+   /// ```rust
+   /// use rocket::response::Redirect;
+   ///
+   /// # let query = "foo";
+   /// let redirect = Redirect::found("/other_url");
+   /// let redirect = Redirect::found(format!("https://google.com/{}", query));
+   /// ```
+   pub fn found<U: TryInto<Uri<'static>>>(uri: U) -> Redirect {
+       Redirect(Status::Found, uri.try_into().ok())
+   }
+
+   /// Construct a permanent "moved" (301) redirect response. This response
+   /// should only be used for permanent redirects as it can be cached by
+   /// browsers. Because different clients may respond differently to this type
+   /// of redirect, a `308` redirect, which disambiguates, is preferred.
+   ///
+   /// # Examples
+   ///
+   /// ```rust
+   /// use rocket::response::Redirect;
+   ///
+   /// # let query = "foo";
+   /// let redirect = Redirect::moved("/other_url");
+   /// let redirect = Redirect::moved(format!("https://google.com/{}", query));
+   /// ```
+   pub fn moved<U: TryInto<Uri<'static>>>(uri: U) -> Redirect {
+       Redirect(Status::MovedPermanently, uri.try_into().ok())
+   }
+}
+
+/// Constructs a response with the appropriate status code and the given URL in
+/// the `Location` header field. The body of the response is empty. If the URI
+/// value used to create the `Responder` is an invalid URI, an error of
+/// `Status::InternalServerError` is returned.
+impl<'a> Responder<'a> for Redirect {
+    fn respond_to(self, _: &Request) -> Result<Response<'static>, Status> {
+        if let Some(uri) = self.1 {
+            Response::build()
+                .status(self.0)
+                .raw_header("Location", uri.to_string())
+                .ok()
+        } else {
+            error!("Invalid URI used for redirect.");
+            Err(Status::InternalServerError)
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/response/responder.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/response/responder.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1fb21061
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/response/responder.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,331 @@
+use std::fs::File;
+use std::io::{Cursor, BufReader};
+use std::fmt;
+
+use http::{Status, ContentType, StatusClass};
+use response::{self, Response, Body};
+use request::Request;
+
+/// Trait implemented by types that generate responses for clients.
+///
+/// Types that implement this trait can be used as the return type of a handler,
+/// as illustrated below with `T`:
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// # #![feature(proc_macro_hygiene, decl_macro)]
+/// # #[macro_use] extern crate rocket;
+/// # type T = ();
+/// #
+/// #[get("/")]
+/// fn index() -> T { /* ... */ }
+/// ```
+///
+/// In this example, `T` can be any type, as long as it implements `Responder`.
+///
+/// # Return Value
+///
+/// A `Responder` returns an `Ok(Response)` or an `Err(Status)`:
+///
+///   * An `Ok` variant means that the `Responder` was successful in generating
+///     a `Response`. The `Response` will be written out to the client.
+///
+///   * An `Err` variant means that the `Responder` could not or did not
+///     generate a `Response`. The contained `Status` will be used to find the
+///     relevant error catcher which then generates an error response.
+///
+/// # Provided Implementations
+///
+/// Rocket implements `Responder` for several standard library types. Their
+/// behavior is documented here. Note that the `Result` implementation is
+/// overloaded, allowing for two `Responder`s to be used at once, depending on
+/// the variant.
+///
+///   * **&str**
+///
+///     Sets the `Content-Type` to `text/plain`. The string is used as the body
+///     of the response, which is fixed size and not streamed. To stream a raw
+///     string, use `Stream::from(Cursor::new(string))`.
+///
+///   * **String**
+///
+///     Sets the `Content-Type` to `text/plain`. The string is used as the body
+///     of the response, which is fixed size and not streamed. To stream a
+///     string, use `Stream::from(Cursor::new(string))`.
+///
+///   * **&\[u8\]**
+///
+///     Sets the `Content-Type` to `application/octet-stream`. The slice
+///     is used as the body of the response, which is fixed size and not
+///     streamed. To stream a slice of bytes, use
+///     `Stream::from(Cursor::new(data))`.
+///
+///   * **Vec&lt;u8>**
+///
+///     Sets the `Content-Type` to `application/octet-stream`. The vector's data
+///     is used as the body of the response, which is fixed size and not
+///     streamed. To stream a vector of bytes, use
+///     `Stream::from(Cursor::new(vec))`.
+///
+///   * **File**
+///
+///     Responds with a streamed body containing the data in the `File`. No
+///     `Content-Type` is set. To automatically have a `Content-Type` set based
+///     on the file's extension, use [`NamedFile`](::response::NamedFile).
+///
+///   * **()**
+///
+///     Responds with an empty body. No `Content-Type` is set.
+///
+///   * **Option&lt;T>**
+///
+///     If the `Option` is `Some`, the wrapped responder is used to respond to
+///     the client. Otherwise, an `Err` with status **404 Not Found** is
+///     returned and a warning is printed to the console.
+///
+///   * **Result&lt;T, E>** _where_ **E: Debug**
+///
+///     If the `Result` is `Ok`, the wrapped responder is used to respond to the
+///     client. Otherwise, an `Err` with status **500 Internal Server Error** is
+///     returned and the error is printed to the console using the `Debug`
+///     implementation.
+///
+///   * **Result&lt;T, E>** _where_ **E: Debug + Responder**
+///
+///     If the `Result` is `Ok`, the wrapped `Ok` responder is used to respond
+///     to the client. If the `Result` is `Err`, the wrapped `Err` responder is
+///     used to respond to the client.
+///
+/// # Implementation Tips
+///
+/// This section describes a few best practices to take into account when
+/// implementing `Responder`.
+///
+/// ## Debug
+///
+/// A type implementing `Responder` should implement the `Debug` trait when
+/// possible. This is because the `Responder` implementation for `Result`
+/// requires its `Err` type to implement `Debug`. Therefore, a type implementing
+/// `Debug` can more easily be composed.
+///
+/// ## Joining and Merging
+///
+/// When chaining/wrapping other `Responder`s, use the
+/// [`merge()`](Response::merge()) or [`join()`](Response::join()) methods on
+/// the `Response` or `ResponseBuilder` struct. Ensure that you document the
+/// merging or joining behavior appropriately.
+///
+/// ## Inspecting Requests
+///
+/// A `Responder` has access to the request it is responding to. Even so, you
+/// should avoid using the `Request` value as much as possible. This is because
+/// using the `Request` object makes your responder _impure_, and so the use of
+/// the type as a `Responder` has less intrinsic meaning associated with it. If
+/// the `Responder` were pure, however, it would always respond in the same manner,
+/// regardless of the incoming request. Thus, knowing the type is sufficient to
+/// fully determine its functionality.
+///
+/// # Example
+///
+/// Say that you have a custom type, `Person`:
+///
+/// ```rust
+///
+/// # #[allow(dead_code)]
+/// struct Person {
+///     name: String,
+///     age: u16
+/// }
+/// ```
+///
+/// You'd like to use `Person` as a `Responder` so that you can return a
+/// `Person` directly from a handler:
+///
+/// ```rust,ignore
+/// #[get("/person/<id>")]
+/// fn person(id: usize) -> Option<Person> {
+///     Person::from_id(id)
+/// }
+/// ```
+///
+/// You want the `Person` responder to set two header fields: `X-Person-Name`
+/// and `X-Person-Age` as well as supply a custom representation of the object
+/// (`Content-Type: application/x-person`) in the body of the response. The
+/// following `Responder` implementation accomplishes this:
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// # #![feature(proc_macro_hygiene, decl_macro)]
+/// # #[macro_use] extern crate rocket;
+/// #
+/// # #[derive(Debug)]
+/// # struct Person { name: String, age: u16 }
+/// #
+/// use std::io::Cursor;
+///
+/// use rocket::request::Request;
+/// use rocket::response::{self, Response, Responder};
+/// use rocket::http::ContentType;
+///
+/// impl<'r> Responder<'r> for Person {
+///     fn respond_to(self, _: &Request) -> response::Result<'r> {
+///         Response::build()
+///             .sized_body(Cursor::new(format!("{}:{}", self.name, self.age)))
+///             .raw_header("X-Person-Name", self.name)
+///             .raw_header("X-Person-Age", self.age.to_string())
+///             .header(ContentType::new("application", "x-person"))
+///             .ok()
+///     }
+/// }
+/// #
+/// # #[get("/person")]
+/// # fn person() -> Person { Person { name: "a".to_string(), age: 20 } }
+/// # fn main() {  }
+/// ```
+pub trait Responder<'r> {
+    /// Returns `Ok` if a `Response` could be generated successfully. Otherwise,
+    /// returns an `Err` with a failing `Status`.
+    ///
+    /// The `request` parameter is the `Request` that this `Responder` is
+    /// responding to.
+    ///
+    /// When using Rocket's code generation, if an `Ok(Response)` is returned,
+    /// the response will be written out to the client. If an `Err(Status)` is
+    /// returned, the error catcher for the given status is retrieved and called
+    /// to generate a final error response, which is then written out to the
+    /// client.
+    fn respond_to(self, request: &Request) -> response::Result<'r>;
+}
+
+/// Returns a response with Content-Type `text/plain` and a fixed-size body
+/// containing the string `self`. Always returns `Ok`.
+impl<'r> Responder<'r> for &'r str {
+    fn respond_to(self, _: &Request) -> response::Result<'r> {
+        Response::build()
+            .header(ContentType::Plain)
+            .sized_body(Cursor::new(self))
+            .ok()
+    }
+}
+
+/// Returns a response with Content-Type `text/plain` and a fixed-size body
+/// containing the string `self`. Always returns `Ok`.
+impl<'r> Responder<'r> for String {
+    fn respond_to(self, _: &Request) -> response::Result<'r> {
+        Response::build()
+            .header(ContentType::Plain)
+            .sized_body(Cursor::new(self))
+            .ok()
+    }
+}
+
+/// Returns a response with Content-Type `application/octet-stream` and a
+/// fixed-size body containing the data in `self`. Always returns `Ok`.
+impl<'r> Responder<'r> for &'r [u8] {
+    fn respond_to(self, _: &Request) -> response::Result<'r> {
+        Response::build()
+            .header(ContentType::Binary)
+            .sized_body(Cursor::new(self))
+            .ok()
+    }
+}
+
+/// Returns a response with Content-Type `application/octet-stream` and a
+/// fixed-size body containing the data in `self`. Always returns `Ok`.
+impl<'r> Responder<'r> for Vec<u8> {
+    fn respond_to(self, _: &Request) -> response::Result<'r> {
+        Response::build()
+            .header(ContentType::Binary)
+            .sized_body(Cursor::new(self))
+            .ok()
+    }
+}
+
+/// Returns a response with a sized body for the file. Always returns `Ok`.
+impl<'r> Responder<'r> for File {
+    fn respond_to(self, _: &Request) -> response::Result<'r> {
+        let (metadata, file) = (self.metadata(), BufReader::new(self));
+        match metadata {
+            Ok(md) => Response::build().raw_body(Body::Sized(file, md.len())).ok(),
+            Err(_) => Response::build().streamed_body(file).ok()
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Returns an empty, default `Response`. Always returns `Ok`.
+impl<'r> Responder<'r> for () {
+    fn respond_to(self, _: &Request) -> response::Result<'r> {
+        Ok(Response::new())
+    }
+}
+
+/// If `self` is `Some`, responds with the wrapped `Responder`. Otherwise prints
+/// a warning message and returns an `Err` of `Status::NotFound`.
+impl<'r, R: Responder<'r>> Responder<'r> for Option<R> {
+    fn respond_to(self, req: &Request) -> response::Result<'r> {
+        self.map_or_else(|| {
+            warn_!("Response was `None`.");
+            Err(Status::NotFound)
+        }, |r| r.respond_to(req))
+    }
+}
+
+/// If `self` is `Ok`, responds with the wrapped `Responder`. Otherwise prints
+/// an error message with the `Err` value returns an `Err` of
+/// `Status::InternalServerError`.
+impl<'r, R: Responder<'r>, E: fmt::Debug> Responder<'r> for Result<R, E> {
+    default fn respond_to(self, req: &Request) -> response::Result<'r> {
+        self.map(|r| r.respond_to(req)).unwrap_or_else(|e| {
+            error_!("Response was a non-`Responder` `Err`: {:?}.", e);
+            warn_!("This `Responder` implementation has been deprecated.");
+            warn_!(
+                "In Rocket v0.5, `Result<T, E>` implements `Responder` only if \
+                `E` implements `Responder`. For the previous behavior, use \
+                `Result<T, Debug<E>>` where `Debug` is `rocket::response::Debug`."
+            );
+            Err(Status::InternalServerError)
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+/// Responds with the wrapped `Responder` in `self`, whether it is `Ok` or
+/// `Err`.
+impl<'r, R: Responder<'r>, E: Responder<'r> + fmt::Debug> Responder<'r> for Result<R, E> {
+    fn respond_to(self, req: &Request) -> response::Result<'r> {
+        match self {
+            Ok(responder) => responder.respond_to(req),
+            Err(responder) => responder.respond_to(req),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// The response generated by `Status` depends on the status code itself. The
+/// table below summarizes the functionality:
+///
+/// | Status Code Range | Response                              |
+/// |-------------------|---------------------------------------|
+/// | [400, 599]        | Forwards to catcher for given status. |
+/// | 100, [200, 205]   | Empty with status of `self`.          |
+/// | All others.       | Invalid. Errors to `500` catcher.     |
+///
+/// In short, a client or server error status codes will forward to the
+/// corresponding error catcher, a successful status code less than `206` or
+/// `100` responds with any empty body and the given status code, and all other
+/// status code emit an error message and forward to the `500` (internal server
+/// error) catcher.
+impl<'r> Responder<'r> for Status {
+    fn respond_to(self, _: &Request) -> response::Result<'r> {
+        match self.class() {
+            StatusClass::ClientError | StatusClass::ServerError => Err(self),
+            StatusClass::Success if self.code < 206 => {
+                Response::build().status(self).ok()
+            }
+            StatusClass::Informational if self.code == 100 => {
+                Response::build().status(self).ok()
+            }
+            _ => {
+                error_!("Invalid status used as responder: {}.", self);
+                warn_!("Fowarding to 500 (Internal Server Error) catcher.");
+                Err(Status::InternalServerError)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/response/response.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/response/response.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ad2294fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/response/response.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,1206 @@
+use std::{io, fmt, str};
+use std::borrow::Cow;
+
+use response::Responder;
+use http::{Header, HeaderMap, Status, ContentType, Cookie};
+
+/// The default size, in bytes, of a chunk for streamed responses.
+pub const DEFAULT_CHUNK_SIZE: u64 = 4096;
+
+#[derive(PartialEq, Clone, Hash)]
+/// The body of a response: can be sized or streamed/chunked.
+pub enum Body<T> {
+    /// A fixed-size body.
+    Sized(T, u64),
+    /// A streamed/chunked body, akin to `Transfer-Encoding: chunked`.
+    Chunked(T, u64)
+}
+
+impl<T> Body<T> {
+    /// Returns a new `Body` with a mutable borrow to `self`'s inner type.
+    pub fn as_mut(&mut self) -> Body<&mut T> {
+        match *self {
+            Body::Sized(ref mut b, n) => Body::Sized(b, n),
+            Body::Chunked(ref mut b, n) => Body::Chunked(b, n)
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Consumes `self`. Passes the inner type as a parameter to `f` and
+    /// constructs a new body with the size of `self` and the return value of
+    /// the call to `f`.
+    pub fn map<U, F: FnOnce(T) -> U>(self, f: F) -> Body<U> {
+        match self {
+            Body::Sized(b, n) => Body::Sized(f(b), n),
+            Body::Chunked(b, n) => Body::Chunked(f(b), n)
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Consumes `self` and returns the inner body.
+    pub fn into_inner(self) -> T {
+        match self {
+            Body::Sized(b, _) | Body::Chunked(b, _) => b
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns `true` if `self` is a `Body::Sized`.
+    pub fn is_sized(&self) -> bool {
+        match *self {
+            Body::Sized(..) => true,
+            Body::Chunked(..) => false,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns `true` if `self` is a `Body::Chunked`.
+    pub fn is_chunked(&self) -> bool {
+        match *self {
+            Body::Chunked(..) => true,
+            Body::Sized(..) => false,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: io::Read> Body<T> {
+    /// Attempts to read `self` into a `Vec` and returns it. If reading fails,
+    /// returns `None`.
+    pub fn into_bytes(self) -> Option<Vec<u8>> {
+        let mut vec = Vec::new();
+        let mut body = self.into_inner();
+        if let Err(e) = body.read_to_end(&mut vec) {
+            error_!("Error reading body: {:?}", e);
+            return None;
+        }
+
+        Some(vec)
+    }
+
+    /// Attempts to read `self` into a `String` and returns it. If reading or
+    /// conversion fails, returns `None`.
+    pub fn into_string(self) -> Option<String> {
+        self.into_bytes()
+            .and_then(|bytes| match String::from_utf8(bytes) {
+                Ok(string) => Some(string),
+                Err(e) => {
+                    error_!("Body is invalid UTF-8: {}", e);
+                    None
+                }
+            })
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T> fmt::Debug for Body<T> {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+        match *self {
+            Body::Sized(_, n) => writeln!(f, "Sized Body [{} bytes]", n),
+            Body::Chunked(_, n) => writeln!(f, "Chunked Body [{} bytes]", n),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Type for easily building `Response`s.
+///
+/// Building a [`Response`] can be a low-level ordeal; this structure presents a
+/// higher-level API that simplifies building `Response`s.
+///
+/// # Usage
+///
+/// `ResponseBuilder` follows the builder pattern and is usually obtained by
+/// calling [`Response::build()`] on `Response`. Almost all methods take the
+/// current builder as a mutable reference and return the same mutable reference
+/// with field(s) modified in the `Responder` being built. These method calls
+/// can be chained: `build.a().b()`.
+///
+/// To finish building and retrieve the built `Response`, use the
+/// [`finalize()`](#method.finalize) or [`ok()`](#method.ok) methods.
+///
+/// ## Headers
+///
+/// When building a `Response`, headers can either be _replaced_ or _adjoined_;
+/// the default behavior (using `header(..)`) is to _replace_. When a header is
+/// _replaced_, any existing values for headers with the same name are removed,
+/// and the new value is set. If no header exists, the header is simply added.
+/// On the other hand, when a header is _adjoined_, all existing values will
+/// remain, and the `value` of the adjoined header will be added to the set of
+/// existing values, if any. Adjoining maintains order: headers adjoined first
+/// will appear first in the `Response`.
+///
+/// ## Joining and Merging
+///
+/// It is often necessary to combine multiple `Response`s in some way. The
+/// [merge](#method.merge) and [join](#method.join) methods facilitate this. The
+/// `merge` method replaces all of the fields in `self` with those present in
+/// `other`. The `join` method sets any fields not set in `self` to the value in
+/// `other`. See their documentation for more details.
+/// ## Example
+///
+/// The following example builds a `Response` with:
+///
+///   * **Status**: `418 I'm a teapot`
+///   * **Content-Type** header: `text/plain; charset=utf-8`
+///   * **X-Teapot-Make** header: `Rocket`
+///   * **X-Teapot-Model** headers: `Utopia`, `Series 1`
+///   * **Body**: fixed-size string `"Brewing the best coffee!"`
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// use std::io::Cursor;
+/// use rocket::response::Response;
+/// use rocket::http::{Status, ContentType};
+///
+/// # #[allow(unused_variables)]
+/// let response = Response::build()
+///     .status(Status::ImATeapot)
+///     .header(ContentType::Plain)
+///     .raw_header("X-Teapot-Make", "Rocket")
+///     .raw_header("X-Teapot-Model", "Utopia")
+///     .raw_header_adjoin("X-Teapot-Model", "Series 1")
+///     .sized_body(Cursor::new("Brewing the best coffee!"))
+///     .finalize();
+/// ```
+pub struct ResponseBuilder<'r> {
+    response: Response<'r>
+}
+
+impl<'r> ResponseBuilder<'r> {
+    /// Creates a new `ResponseBuilder` that will build on top of the `base`
+    /// `Response`.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::response::{ResponseBuilder, Response};
+    ///
+    /// # #[allow(unused_variables)]
+    /// let builder = ResponseBuilder::new(Response::new());
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn new(base: Response<'r>) -> ResponseBuilder<'r> {
+        ResponseBuilder {
+            response: base
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Sets the status of the `Response` being built to `status`.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::Response;
+    /// use rocket::http::Status;
+    ///
+    /// # #[allow(unused_variables)]
+    /// let response = Response::build()
+    ///     .status(Status::NotFound)
+    ///     .finalize();
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn status(&mut self, status: Status) -> &mut ResponseBuilder<'r> {
+        self.response.set_status(status);
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// Sets the status of the `Response` being built to a custom status
+    /// constructed from the `code` and `reason` phrase.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::Response;
+    ///
+    /// # #[allow(unused_variables)]
+    /// let response = Response::build()
+    ///     .raw_status(699, "Alien Encounter")
+    ///     .finalize();
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn raw_status(&mut self, code: u16, reason: &'static str)
+            -> &mut ResponseBuilder<'r> {
+        self.response.set_raw_status(code, reason);
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// Adds `header` to the `Response`, replacing any header with the same name
+    /// that already exists in the response. If multiple headers with
+    /// the same name exist, they are all removed, and only the new header and
+    /// value will remain.
+    ///
+    /// The type of `header` can be any type that implements `Into<Header>`.
+    /// This includes `Header` itself, [`ContentType`](::http::ContentType) and
+    /// [hyper::header types](::http::hyper::header).
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::Response;
+    /// use rocket::http::ContentType;
+    ///
+    /// let response = Response::build()
+    ///     .header(ContentType::JSON)
+    ///     .header(ContentType::HTML)
+    ///     .finalize();
+    ///
+    /// assert_eq!(response.headers().get("Content-Type").count(), 1);
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn header<'h: 'r, H>(&mut self, header: H) -> &mut ResponseBuilder<'r>
+        where H: Into<Header<'h>>
+    {
+        self.response.set_header(header);
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// Adds `header` to the `Response` by adjoining the header with any
+    /// existing headers with the same name that already exist in the
+    /// `Response`. This allows for multiple headers with the same name and
+    /// potentially different values to be present in the `Response`.
+    ///
+    /// The type of `header` can be any type that implements `Into<Header>`.
+    /// This includes `Header` itself, [`ContentType`](::http::ContentType) and
+    /// [hyper::header types](::http::hyper::header).
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::Response;
+    /// use rocket::http::hyper::header::Accept;
+    ///
+    /// let response = Response::build()
+    ///     .header_adjoin(Accept::json())
+    ///     .header_adjoin(Accept::text())
+    ///     .finalize();
+    ///
+    /// assert_eq!(response.headers().get("Accept").count(), 2);
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn header_adjoin<'h: 'r, H>(&mut self, header: H) -> &mut ResponseBuilder<'r>
+        where H: Into<Header<'h>>
+    {
+        self.response.adjoin_header(header);
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// Adds a custom header to the `Response` with the given name and value,
+    /// replacing any header with the same name that already exists in the
+    /// response. If multiple headers with the same name exist, they are all
+    /// removed, and only the new header and value will remain.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::Response;
+    ///
+    /// let response = Response::build()
+    ///     .raw_header("X-Custom", "first")
+    ///     .raw_header("X-Custom", "second")
+    ///     .finalize();
+    ///
+    /// assert_eq!(response.headers().get("X-Custom").count(), 1);
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn raw_header<'a: 'r, 'b: 'r, N, V>(&mut self, name: N, value: V)
+            -> &mut ResponseBuilder<'r>
+        where N: Into<Cow<'a, str>>, V: Into<Cow<'b, str>>
+    {
+        self.response.set_raw_header(name, value);
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// Adds custom header to the `Response` with the given name and value,
+    /// adjoining the header with any existing headers with the same name that
+    /// already exist in the `Response`. This allows for multiple headers with
+    /// the same name and potentially different values to be present in the
+    /// `Response`.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::Response;
+    ///
+    /// let response = Response::build()
+    ///     .raw_header_adjoin("X-Custom", "first")
+    ///     .raw_header_adjoin("X-Custom", "second")
+    ///     .finalize();
+    ///
+    /// assert_eq!(response.headers().get("X-Custom").count(), 2);
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn raw_header_adjoin<'a: 'r, 'b: 'r, N, V>(&mut self, name: N, value: V)
+            -> &mut ResponseBuilder<'r>
+        where N: Into<Cow<'a, str>>, V: Into<Cow<'b, str>>
+    {
+        self.response.adjoin_raw_header(name, value);
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// Sets the body of the `Response` to be the fixed-sized `body`.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::Response;
+    /// use std::fs::File;
+    /// # use std::io;
+    ///
+    /// # #[allow(dead_code)]
+    /// # fn test() -> io::Result<()> {
+    /// # #[allow(unused_variables)]
+    /// let response = Response::build()
+    ///     .sized_body(File::open("body.txt")?)
+    ///     .finalize();
+    /// # Ok(())
+    /// # }
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn sized_body<B>(&mut self, body: B) -> &mut ResponseBuilder<'r>
+        where B: io::Read + io::Seek + 'r
+    {
+        self.response.set_sized_body(body);
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// Sets the body of the `Response` to be the streamed `body`.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::Response;
+    /// use std::fs::File;
+    /// # use std::io;
+    ///
+    /// # #[allow(dead_code)]
+    /// # fn test() -> io::Result<()> {
+    /// # #[allow(unused_variables)]
+    /// let response = Response::build()
+    ///     .streamed_body(File::open("body.txt")?)
+    ///     .finalize();
+    /// # Ok(())
+    /// # }
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn streamed_body<B>(&mut self, body: B) -> &mut ResponseBuilder<'r>
+        where B: io::Read + 'r
+    {
+        self.response.set_streamed_body(body);
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// Sets the body of the `Response` to be the streamed `body` with a custom
+    /// chunk size, in bytes.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::Response;
+    /// use std::fs::File;
+    /// # use std::io;
+    ///
+    /// # #[allow(dead_code)]
+    /// # fn test() -> io::Result<()> {
+    /// # #[allow(unused_variables)]
+    /// let response = Response::build()
+    ///     .chunked_body(File::open("body.txt")?, 8096)
+    ///     .finalize();
+    /// # Ok(())
+    /// # }
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn chunked_body<B: io::Read + 'r>(&mut self, body: B, chunk_size: u64)
+            -> &mut ResponseBuilder<'r>
+    {
+        self.response.set_chunked_body(body, chunk_size);
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// Sets the body of `self` to be `body`. This method should typically not
+    /// be used, opting instead for one of `sized_body`, `streamed_body`, or
+    /// `chunked_body`.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use std::io::Cursor;
+    /// use rocket::response::{Response, Body};
+    ///
+    /// # #[allow(unused_variables)]
+    /// let response = Response::build()
+    ///     .raw_body(Body::Sized(Cursor::new("Hello!"), 6))
+    ///     .finalize();
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn raw_body<T: io::Read + 'r>(&mut self, body: Body<T>)
+            -> &mut ResponseBuilder<'r>
+    {
+        self.response.set_raw_body(body);
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// Merges the `other` `Response` into `self` by setting any fields in
+    /// `self` to the corresponding value in `other` if they are set in `other`.
+    /// Fields in `self` are unchanged if they are not set in `other`. If a
+    /// header is set in both `self` and `other`, the values in `other` are
+    /// kept. Headers set only in `self` remain.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::Response;
+    /// use rocket::http::{Status, ContentType};
+    ///
+    /// let base = Response::build()
+    ///     .status(Status::NotFound)
+    ///     .header(ContentType::HTML)
+    ///     .raw_header("X-Custom", "value 1")
+    ///     .finalize();
+    ///
+    /// let response = Response::build()
+    ///     .status(Status::ImATeapot)
+    ///     .raw_header("X-Custom", "value 2")
+    ///     .raw_header_adjoin("X-Custom", "value 3")
+    ///     .merge(base)
+    ///     .finalize();
+    ///
+    /// assert_eq!(response.status(), Status::NotFound);
+    ///
+    /// # {
+    /// let ctype: Vec<_> = response.headers().get("Content-Type").collect();
+    /// assert_eq!(ctype, vec![ContentType::HTML.to_string()]);
+    /// # }
+    ///
+    /// # {
+    /// let custom_values: Vec<_> = response.headers().get("X-Custom").collect();
+    /// assert_eq!(custom_values, vec!["value 1"]);
+    /// # }
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn merge(&mut self, other: Response<'r>) -> &mut ResponseBuilder<'r> {
+        self.response.merge(other);
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// Joins the `other` `Response` into `self` by setting any fields in `self`
+    /// to the corresponding value in `other` if they are set in `self`. Fields
+    /// in `self` are unchanged if they are already set. If a header is set in
+    /// both `self` and `other`, the values are adjoined, with the values in
+    /// `self` coming first. Headers only in `self` or `other` are set in
+    /// `self`.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::Response;
+    /// use rocket::http::{Status, ContentType};
+    ///
+    /// let other = Response::build()
+    ///     .status(Status::NotFound)
+    ///     .header(ContentType::HTML)
+    ///     .raw_header("X-Custom", "value 1")
+    ///     .finalize();
+    ///
+    /// let response = Response::build()
+    ///     .status(Status::ImATeapot)
+    ///     .raw_header("X-Custom", "value 2")
+    ///     .raw_header_adjoin("X-Custom", "value 3")
+    ///     .join(other)
+    ///     .finalize();
+    ///
+    /// assert_eq!(response.status(), Status::ImATeapot);
+    ///
+    /// # {
+    /// let ctype: Vec<_> = response.headers().get("Content-Type").collect();
+    /// assert_eq!(ctype, vec![ContentType::HTML.to_string()]);
+    /// # }
+    ///
+    /// # {
+    /// let custom_values: Vec<_> = response.headers().get("X-Custom").collect();
+    /// assert_eq!(custom_values, vec!["value 2", "value 3", "value 1"]);
+    /// # }
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn join(&mut self, other: Response<'r>) -> &mut ResponseBuilder<'r> {
+        self.response.join(other);
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// Retrieve the built `Response`.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::Response;
+    ///
+    /// # #[allow(unused_variables)]
+    /// let response = Response::build()
+    ///     // build the response
+    ///     .finalize();
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn finalize(&mut self) -> Response<'r> {
+        ::std::mem::replace(&mut self.response, Response::new())
+    }
+
+    /// Retrieve the built `Response` wrapped in `Ok`.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::Response;
+    ///
+    /// let response: Result<Response, ()> = Response::build()
+    ///     // build the response
+    ///     .ok();
+    ///
+    /// assert!(response.is_ok());
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn ok<T>(&mut self) -> Result<Response<'r>, T> {
+        Ok(self.finalize())
+    }
+}
+
+/// A response, as returned by types implementing [`Responder`].
+#[derive(Default)]
+pub struct Response<'r> {
+    status: Option<Status>,
+    headers: HeaderMap<'r>,
+    body: Option<Body<Box<dyn io::Read + 'r>>>,
+}
+
+impl<'r> Response<'r> {
+    /// Creates a new, empty `Response` without a status, body, or headers.
+    /// Because all HTTP responses must have a status, if a default `Response`
+    /// is written to the client without a status, the status defaults to `200
+    /// Ok`.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::Response;
+    /// use rocket::http::Status;
+    ///
+    /// let mut response = Response::new();
+    ///
+    /// assert_eq!(response.status(), Status::Ok);
+    /// assert_eq!(response.headers().len(), 0);
+    /// assert!(response.body().is_none());
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn new() -> Response<'r> {
+        Response {
+            status: None,
+            headers: HeaderMap::new(),
+            body: None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns a `ResponseBuilder` with a base of `Response::new()`.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::Response;
+    ///
+    /// # #[allow(unused_variables)]
+    /// let builder = Response::build();
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn build() -> ResponseBuilder<'r> {
+        Response::build_from(Response::new())
+    }
+
+    /// Returns a `ResponseBuilder` with a base of `other`.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # #![allow(unused_variables)]
+    /// use rocket::Response;
+    ///
+    /// let other = Response::new();
+    /// let builder = Response::build_from(other);
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn build_from(other: Response<'r>) -> ResponseBuilder<'r> {
+        ResponseBuilder::new(other)
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the status of `self`.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::Response;
+    /// use rocket::http::Status;
+    ///
+    /// let mut response = Response::new();
+    /// assert_eq!(response.status(), Status::Ok);
+    ///
+    /// response.set_status(Status::NotFound);
+    /// assert_eq!(response.status(), Status::NotFound);
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn status(&self) -> Status {
+        self.status.unwrap_or(Status::Ok)
+    }
+
+    /// Sets the status of `self` to `status`.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::Response;
+    /// use rocket::http::Status;
+    ///
+    /// let mut response = Response::new();
+    /// response.set_status(Status::ImATeapot);
+    /// assert_eq!(response.status(), Status::ImATeapot);
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn set_status(&mut self, status: Status) {
+        self.status = Some(status);
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the Content-Type header of `self`. If the header is not present
+    /// or is malformed, returns `None`.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::Response;
+    /// use rocket::http::ContentType;
+    ///
+    /// let mut response = Response::new();
+    /// response.set_header(ContentType::HTML);
+    /// assert_eq!(response.content_type(), Some(ContentType::HTML));
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn content_type(&self) -> Option<ContentType> {
+        self.headers().get_one("Content-Type").and_then(|v| v.parse().ok())
+    }
+
+    /// Sets the status of `self` to a custom `status` with status code `code`
+    /// and reason phrase `reason`. This method should be used sparingly; prefer
+    /// to use [set_status](#method.set_status) instead.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::Response;
+    /// use rocket::http::Status;
+    ///
+    /// let mut response = Response::new();
+    /// response.set_raw_status(699, "Tripped a Wire");
+    /// assert_eq!(response.status(), Status::new(699, "Tripped a Wire"));
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn set_raw_status(&mut self, code: u16, reason: &'static str) {
+        self.status = Some(Status::new(code, reason));
+    }
+
+    /// Returns a vector of the cookies set in `self` as identified by the
+    /// `Set-Cookie` header. Malformed cookies are skipped.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::Response;
+    /// use rocket::http::Cookie;
+    ///
+    /// let mut response = Response::new();
+    /// response.set_header(Cookie::new("hello", "world!"));
+    /// assert_eq!(response.cookies(), vec![Cookie::new("hello", "world!")]);
+    /// ```
+    pub fn cookies(&self) -> Vec<Cookie> {
+        let mut cookies = vec![];
+        for header in self.headers().get("Set-Cookie") {
+            if let Ok(cookie) = Cookie::parse_encoded(header) {
+                cookies.push(cookie);
+            }
+        }
+
+        cookies
+    }
+
+    /// Returns a [`HeaderMap`] of all of the headers in `self`.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::Response;
+    /// use rocket::http::Header;
+    ///
+    /// let mut response = Response::new();
+    /// response.adjoin_raw_header("X-Custom", "1");
+    /// response.adjoin_raw_header("X-Custom", "2");
+    ///
+    /// let mut custom_headers = response.headers().iter();
+    /// assert_eq!(custom_headers.next(), Some(Header::new("X-Custom", "1")));
+    /// assert_eq!(custom_headers.next(), Some(Header::new("X-Custom", "2")));
+    /// assert_eq!(custom_headers.next(), None);
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn headers(&self) -> &HeaderMap<'r> {
+        &self.headers
+    }
+
+    /// Sets the header `header` in `self`. Any existing headers with the name
+    /// `header.name` will be lost, and only `header` will remain. The type of
+    /// `header` can be any type that implements `Into<Header>`. This includes
+    /// `Header` itself, [`ContentType`](::http::ContentType) and
+    /// [`hyper::header` types](::http::hyper::header).
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::Response;
+    /// use rocket::http::ContentType;
+    ///
+    /// let mut response = Response::new();
+    ///
+    /// response.set_header(ContentType::HTML);
+    /// assert_eq!(response.headers().iter().next(), Some(ContentType::HTML.into()));
+    /// assert_eq!(response.headers().len(), 1);
+    ///
+    /// response.set_header(ContentType::JSON);
+    /// assert_eq!(response.headers().iter().next(), Some(ContentType::JSON.into()));
+    /// assert_eq!(response.headers().len(), 1);
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn set_header<'h: 'r, H: Into<Header<'h>>>(&mut self, header: H) -> bool {
+        self.headers.replace(header)
+    }
+
+    /// Sets the custom header with name `name` and value `value` in `self`. Any
+    /// existing headers with the same `name` will be lost, and the new custom
+    /// header will remain. This method should be used sparingly; prefer to use
+    /// [set_header](#method.set_header) instead.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::Response;
+    /// use rocket::http::Header;
+    ///
+    /// let mut response = Response::new();
+    ///
+    /// response.set_raw_header("X-Custom", "1");
+    /// assert_eq!(response.headers().get_one("X-Custom"), Some("1"));
+    /// assert_eq!(response.headers().len(), 1);
+    ///
+    /// response.set_raw_header("X-Custom", "2");
+    /// assert_eq!(response.headers().get_one("X-Custom"), Some("2"));
+    /// assert_eq!(response.headers().len(), 1);
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn set_raw_header<'a: 'r, 'b: 'r, N, V>(&mut self, name: N, value: V) -> bool
+        where N: Into<Cow<'a, str>>, V: Into<Cow<'b, str>>
+    {
+        self.set_header(Header::new(name, value))
+    }
+
+    /// Adds the header `header` to `self`. If `self` contains headers with the
+    /// name `header.name`, another header with the same name and value
+    /// `header.value` is added. The type of `header` can be any type that
+    /// implements `Into<Header>`. This includes `Header` itself,
+    /// [`ContentType`](::http::ContentType) and [`hyper::header`
+    /// types](::http::hyper::header).
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::Response;
+    /// use rocket::http::hyper::header::Accept;
+    ///
+    /// let mut response = Response::new();
+    /// response.adjoin_header(Accept::json());
+    /// response.adjoin_header(Accept::text());
+    ///
+    /// let mut accept_headers = response.headers().iter();
+    /// assert_eq!(accept_headers.next(), Some(Accept::json().into()));
+    /// assert_eq!(accept_headers.next(), Some(Accept::text().into()));
+    /// assert_eq!(accept_headers.next(), None);
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn adjoin_header<'h: 'r, H: Into<Header<'h>>>(&mut self, header: H) {
+        self.headers.add(header)
+    }
+
+    /// Adds a custom header with name `name` and value `value` to `self`. If
+    /// `self` already contains headers with the name `name`, another header
+    /// with the same `name` and `value` is added. The type of `header` can be
+    /// any type implements `Into<Header>`. This includes `Header` itself,
+    /// [`ContentType`](::http::ContentType) and [`hyper::header`
+    /// types](::http::hyper::header).
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::Response;
+    /// use rocket::http::Header;
+    ///
+    /// let mut response = Response::new();
+    /// response.adjoin_raw_header("X-Custom", "one");
+    /// response.adjoin_raw_header("X-Custom", "two");
+    ///
+    /// let mut custom_headers = response.headers().iter();
+    /// assert_eq!(custom_headers.next(), Some(Header::new("X-Custom", "one")));
+    /// assert_eq!(custom_headers.next(), Some(Header::new("X-Custom", "two")));
+    /// assert_eq!(custom_headers.next(), None);
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn adjoin_raw_header<'a: 'r, 'b: 'r, N, V>(&mut self, name: N, value: V)
+        where N: Into<Cow<'a, str>>, V: Into<Cow<'b, str>>
+    {
+        self.adjoin_header(Header::new(name, value));
+    }
+
+    /// Removes all headers with the name `name`.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::Response;
+    ///
+    /// let mut response = Response::new();
+    ///
+    /// response.adjoin_raw_header("X-Custom", "one");
+    /// response.adjoin_raw_header("X-Custom", "two");
+    /// response.adjoin_raw_header("X-Other", "hi");
+    /// assert_eq!(response.headers().len(), 3);
+    ///
+    /// response.remove_header("X-Custom");
+    /// assert_eq!(response.headers().len(), 1);
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn remove_header(&mut self, name: &str) {
+        self.headers.remove(name);
+    }
+
+    /// Returns a mutable borrow of the body of `self`, if there is one. The
+    /// body is borrowed mutably to allow for reading.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use std::io::Cursor;
+    /// use rocket::Response;
+    ///
+    /// let mut response = Response::new();
+    /// assert!(response.body().is_none());
+    ///
+    /// response.set_sized_body(Cursor::new("Hello, world!"));
+    /// assert_eq!(response.body_string(), Some("Hello, world!".to_string()));
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn body(&mut self) -> Option<Body<&mut dyn io::Read>> {
+        // Looks crazy, right? Needed so Rust infers lifetime correctly. Weird.
+        match self.body.as_mut() {
+            Some(body) => Some(match body.as_mut() {
+                Body::Sized(b, size) => Body::Sized(b, size),
+                Body::Chunked(b, chunk_size) => Body::Chunked(b, chunk_size),
+            }),
+            None => None
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Consumes `self's` body and reads it into a string. If `self` doesn't
+    /// have a body, reading fails, or string conversion (for non-UTF-8 bodies)
+    /// fails, returns `None`. Note that `self`'s `body` is consumed after a
+    /// call to this method.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use std::io::Cursor;
+    /// use rocket::Response;
+    ///
+    /// let mut response = Response::new();
+    /// assert!(response.body().is_none());
+    ///
+    /// response.set_sized_body(Cursor::new("Hello, world!"));
+    /// assert_eq!(response.body_string(), Some("Hello, world!".to_string()));
+    /// assert!(response.body().is_none());
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn body_string(&mut self) -> Option<String> {
+        self.take_body().and_then(Body::into_string)
+    }
+
+    /// Consumes `self's` body and reads it into a `Vec` of `u8` bytes. If
+    /// `self` doesn't have a body or reading fails returns `None`. Note that
+    /// `self`'s `body` is consumed after a call to this method.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use std::io::Cursor;
+    /// use rocket::Response;
+    ///
+    /// let mut response = Response::new();
+    /// assert!(response.body().is_none());
+    ///
+    /// response.set_sized_body(Cursor::new("hi!"));
+    /// assert_eq!(response.body_bytes(), Some(vec![0x68, 0x69, 0x21]));
+    /// assert!(response.body().is_none());
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn body_bytes(&mut self) -> Option<Vec<u8>> {
+        self.take_body().and_then(Body::into_bytes)
+    }
+
+    /// Moves the body of `self` out and returns it, if there is one, leaving no
+    /// body in its place.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use std::io::Cursor;
+    /// use rocket::Response;
+    ///
+    /// let mut response = Response::new();
+    /// assert!(response.body().is_none());
+    ///
+    /// response.set_sized_body(Cursor::new("Hello, world!"));
+    /// assert!(response.body().is_some());
+    ///
+    /// let body = response.take_body();
+    /// let body_string = body.and_then(|b| b.into_string());
+    /// assert_eq!(body_string, Some("Hello, world!".to_string()));
+    /// assert!(response.body().is_none());
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn take_body(&mut self) -> Option<Body<Box<dyn io::Read + 'r>>> {
+        self.body.take()
+    }
+
+    // Makes the `Read`er in the body empty but leaves the size of the body if
+    // it exists. Only meant to be used to handle HEAD requests automatically.
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub(crate) fn strip_body(&mut self) {
+        if let Some(body) = self.take_body() {
+            self.body = match body {
+                Body::Sized(_, n) => Some(Body::Sized(Box::new(io::empty()), n)),
+                Body::Chunked(..) => None
+            };
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Sets the body of `self` to be the fixed-sized `body`. The size of the
+    /// body is obtained by `seek`ing to the end and then `seek`ing back to the
+    /// start.
+    ///
+    /// # Panics
+    ///
+    /// If either seek fails, this method panics. If you believe it is possible
+    /// for `seek` to panic for `B`, use [set_raw_body](#method.set_raw_body)
+    /// instead.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use std::io::Cursor;
+    /// use rocket::Response;
+    ///
+    /// let mut response = Response::new();
+    /// response.set_sized_body(Cursor::new("Hello, world!"));
+    /// assert_eq!(response.body_string(), Some("Hello, world!".to_string()));
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn set_sized_body<B>(&mut self, mut body: B)
+        where B: io::Read + io::Seek + 'r
+    {
+        let size = body.seek(io::SeekFrom::End(0))
+            .expect("Attempted to retrieve size by seeking, but failed.");
+        body.seek(io::SeekFrom::Start(0))
+            .expect("Attempted to reset body by seeking after getting size.");
+        self.body = Some(Body::Sized(Box::new(body.take(size)), size));
+    }
+
+    /// Sets the body of `self` to be `body`, which will be streamed. The chunk
+    /// size of the stream is
+    /// [DEFAULT_CHUNK_SIZE](::response::DEFAULT_CHUNK_SIZE). Use
+    /// [set_chunked_body](#method.set_chunked_body) for custom chunk sizes.
+    ///
+    /// Normally, data will be buffered and sent only in complete chunks.  If
+    /// you need timely transmission of available data, rather than buffering,
+    /// enable the `sse` feature and use the `WouldBlock` technique described in
+    /// [Stream](::response::Stream).
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use std::io::{Read, repeat};
+    /// use rocket::Response;
+    ///
+    /// let mut response = Response::new();
+    /// response.set_streamed_body(repeat(97).take(5));
+    /// assert_eq!(response.body_string(), Some("aaaaa".to_string()));
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn set_streamed_body<B>(&mut self, body: B) where B: io::Read + 'r {
+        self.set_chunked_body(body, DEFAULT_CHUNK_SIZE);
+    }
+
+    /// Sets the body of `self` to be `body`, which will be streamed with chunk
+    /// size `chunk_size`.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use std::io::{Read, repeat};
+    /// use rocket::Response;
+    ///
+    /// let mut response = Response::new();
+    /// response.set_chunked_body(repeat(97).take(5), 10);
+    /// assert_eq!(response.body_string(), Some("aaaaa".to_string()));
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn set_chunked_body<B>(&mut self, body: B, chunk_size: u64)
+            where B: io::Read + 'r {
+        self.body = Some(Body::Chunked(Box::new(body), chunk_size));
+    }
+
+    /// Sets the body of `self` to be `body`. This method should typically not
+    /// be used, opting instead for one of `set_sized_body`,
+    /// `set_streamed_body`, or `set_chunked_body`.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use std::io::Cursor;
+    /// use rocket::response::{Response, Body};
+    ///
+    /// let body = Body::Sized(Cursor::new("Hello!"), 6);
+    ///
+    /// let mut response = Response::new();
+    /// response.set_raw_body(body);
+    ///
+    /// assert_eq!(response.body_string(), Some("Hello!".to_string()));
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn set_raw_body<T: io::Read + 'r>(&mut self, body: Body<T>) {
+        self.body = Some(match body {
+            Body::Sized(b, n) => Body::Sized(Box::new(b.take(n)), n),
+            Body::Chunked(b, n) => Body::Chunked(Box::new(b), n),
+        });
+    }
+
+    /// Replaces this response's status and body with that of `other`, if they
+    /// exist in `other`. Any headers that exist in `other` replace the ones in
+    /// `self`. Any in `self` that aren't in `other` remain in `self`.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::Response;
+    /// use rocket::http::{Status, ContentType};
+    ///
+    /// let base = Response::build()
+    ///     .status(Status::NotFound)
+    ///     .header(ContentType::HTML)
+    ///     .raw_header("X-Custom", "value 1")
+    ///     .finalize();
+    ///
+    /// let response = Response::build()
+    ///     .status(Status::ImATeapot)
+    ///     .raw_header("X-Custom", "value 2")
+    ///     .raw_header_adjoin("X-Custom", "value 3")
+    ///     .merge(base)
+    ///     .finalize();
+    ///
+    /// assert_eq!(response.status(), Status::NotFound);
+    ///
+    /// # {
+    /// let ctype: Vec<_> = response.headers().get("Content-Type").collect();
+    /// assert_eq!(ctype, vec![ContentType::HTML.to_string()]);
+    /// # }
+    ///
+    /// # {
+    /// let custom_values: Vec<_> = response.headers().get("X-Custom").collect();
+    /// assert_eq!(custom_values, vec!["value 1"]);
+    /// # }
+    /// ```
+    pub fn merge(&mut self, other: Response<'r>) {
+        if let Some(status) = other.status {
+            self.status = Some(status);
+        }
+
+        if let Some(body) = other.body {
+            self.body = Some(body);
+        }
+
+        for (name, values) in other.headers.into_iter_raw() {
+            self.headers.replace_all(name.into_cow(), values);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Sets `self`'s status and body to that of `other` if they are not already
+    /// set in `self`. Any headers present in both `other` and `self` are
+    /// adjoined.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::Response;
+    /// use rocket::http::{Status, ContentType};
+    ///
+    /// let other = Response::build()
+    ///     .status(Status::NotFound)
+    ///     .header(ContentType::HTML)
+    ///     .raw_header("X-Custom", "value 1")
+    ///     .finalize();
+    ///
+    /// let response = Response::build()
+    ///     .status(Status::ImATeapot)
+    ///     .raw_header("X-Custom", "value 2")
+    ///     .raw_header_adjoin("X-Custom", "value 3")
+    ///     .join(other)
+    ///     .finalize();
+    ///
+    /// assert_eq!(response.status(), Status::ImATeapot);
+    ///
+    /// # {
+    /// let ctype: Vec<_> = response.headers().get("Content-Type").collect();
+    /// assert_eq!(ctype, vec![ContentType::HTML.to_string()]);
+    /// # }
+    ///
+    /// # {
+    /// let custom_values: Vec<_> = response.headers().get("X-Custom").collect();
+    /// assert_eq!(custom_values, vec!["value 2", "value 3", "value 1"]);
+    /// # }
+    /// ```
+    pub fn join(&mut self, other: Response<'r>) {
+        if self.status.is_none() {
+            self.status = other.status;
+        }
+
+        if self.body.is_none() {
+            self.body = other.body;
+        }
+
+        for (name, mut values) in other.headers.into_iter_raw() {
+            self.headers.add_all(name.into_cow(), &mut values);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'r> fmt::Debug for Response<'r> {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+        writeln!(f, "{}", self.status())?;
+
+        for header in self.headers().iter() {
+            writeln!(f, "{}", header)?;
+        }
+
+        match self.body {
+            Some(ref body) => body.fmt(f),
+            None => writeln!(f, "Empty Body")
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+use request::Request;
+
+impl<'r> Responder<'r> for Response<'r> {
+    /// This is the identity implementation. It simply returns `Ok(self)`.
+    fn respond_to(self, _: &Request) -> Result<Response<'r>, Status> {
+        Ok(self)
+    }
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/response/status.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/response/status.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..34de8ce8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/response/status.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,349 @@
+//! Contains types that set the status code and corresponding headers of a
+//! response.
+//!
+//! These types are designed to make it easier to respond correctly with a given
+//! status code. Each type takes in the minimum number of parameters required to
+//! construct a proper response with that status code. Some types take in
+//! responders; when they do, the responder finalizes the response by writing
+//! out additional headers and, importantly, the body of the response.
+
+use std::hash::{Hash, Hasher};
+use std::collections::hash_map::DefaultHasher;
+
+use request::Request;
+use response::{Responder, Response};
+use http::hyper::header;
+use http::Status;
+
+/// Sets the status of the response to 201 (Created).
+///
+/// The `String` field is set as the value of the `Location` header in the
+/// response. The optional `Responder` field is used to finalize the response.
+///
+/// # Example
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// use rocket::response::status;
+///
+/// let url = "http://myservice.com/resource.json".to_string();
+/// let content = "{ 'resource': 'Hello, world!' }";
+/// # #[allow(unused_variables)]
+/// let response = status::Created(url, Some(content));
+/// ```
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
+pub struct Created<R>(pub String, pub Option<R>);
+
+/// Sets the status code of the response to 201 Created. Sets the `Location`
+/// header to the `String` parameter in the constructor.
+///
+/// The optional responder finalizes the response if it exists. The wrapped
+/// responder should write the body of the response so that it contains
+/// information about the created resource. If no responder is provided, the
+/// response body will be empty.
+impl<'r, R: Responder<'r>> Responder<'r> for Created<R> {
+    default fn respond_to(self, req: &Request) -> Result<Response<'r>, Status> {
+        let mut build = Response::build();
+        if let Some(responder) = self.1 {
+            build.merge(responder.respond_to(req)?);
+        }
+
+        build.status(Status::Created).header(header::Location(self.0)).ok()
+    }
+}
+
+/// In addition to setting the status code, `Location` header, and finalizing
+/// the response with the `Responder`, the `ETag` header is set conditionally if
+/// a `Responder` is provided that implements `Hash`. The `ETag` header is set
+/// to a hash value of the responder.
+impl<'r, R: Responder<'r> + Hash> Responder<'r> for Created<R> {
+    fn respond_to(self, req: &Request) -> Result<Response<'r>, Status> {
+        let mut hasher = DefaultHasher::default();
+        let mut build = Response::build();
+        if let Some(responder) = self.1 {
+            responder.hash(&mut hasher);
+            let hash = hasher.finish().to_string();
+
+            build.merge(responder.respond_to(req)?);
+            build.header(header::ETag(header::EntityTag::strong(hash)));
+        }
+
+        build.status(Status::Created).header(header::Location(self.0)).ok()
+    }
+}
+
+/// Sets the status of the response to 202 (Accepted).
+///
+/// If a responder is supplied, the remainder of the response is delegated to
+/// it. If there is no responder, the body of the response will be empty.
+///
+/// # Examples
+///
+/// A 202 Accepted response without a body:
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// use rocket::response::status;
+///
+/// # #[allow(unused_variables)]
+/// let response = status::Accepted::<()>(None);
+/// ```
+///
+/// A 202 Accepted response _with_ a body:
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// use rocket::response::status;
+///
+/// # #[allow(unused_variables)]
+/// let response = status::Accepted(Some("processing"));
+/// ```
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
+pub struct Accepted<R>(pub Option<R>);
+
+/// Sets the status code of the response to 202 Accepted. If the responder is
+/// `Some`, it is used to finalize the response.
+impl<'r, R: Responder<'r>> Responder<'r> for Accepted<R> {
+    fn respond_to(self, req: &Request) -> Result<Response<'r>, Status> {
+        let mut build = Response::build();
+        if let Some(responder) = self.0 {
+            build.merge(responder.respond_to(req)?);
+        }
+
+        build.status(Status::Accepted).ok()
+    }
+}
+
+/// Sets the status of the response to 204 (No Content).
+///
+/// The response body will be empty.
+///
+/// # Example
+///
+/// A 204 No Content response:
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// use rocket::response::status;
+///
+/// # #[allow(unused_variables)]
+/// let response = status::NoContent;
+/// ```
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
+pub struct NoContent;
+
+/// Sets the status code of the response to 204 No Content.
+impl<'r> Responder<'r> for NoContent {
+    fn respond_to(self, _: &Request<'_>) -> Result<Response<'r>, Status> {
+        let mut build = Response::build();
+        build.status(Status::NoContent).ok()
+    }
+}
+
+/// Sets the status of the response to 400 (Bad Request).
+///
+/// If a responder is supplied, the remainder of the response is delegated to
+/// it. If there is no responder, the body of the response will be empty.
+///
+/// # Examples
+///
+/// A 400 Bad Request response without a body:
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// use rocket::response::status;
+///
+/// # #[allow(unused_variables)]
+/// let response = status::BadRequest::<()>(None);
+/// ```
+///
+/// A 400 Bad Request response _with_ a body:
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// use rocket::response::status;
+///
+/// # #[allow(unused_variables)]
+/// let response = status::BadRequest(Some("error message"));
+/// ```
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
+pub struct BadRequest<R>(pub Option<R>);
+
+/// Sets the status code of the response to 400 Bad Request. If the responder is
+/// `Some`, it is used to finalize the response.
+impl<'r, R: Responder<'r>> Responder<'r> for BadRequest<R> {
+    fn respond_to(self, req: &Request) -> Result<Response<'r>, Status> {
+        let mut build = Response::build();
+        if let Some(responder) = self.0 {
+            build.merge(responder.respond_to(req)?);
+        }
+
+        build.status(Status::BadRequest).ok()
+    }
+}
+
+/// Sets the status of the response to 401 (Unauthorized).
+///
+/// If a responder is supplied, the remainder of the response is delegated to
+/// it. If there is no responder, the body of the response will be empty.
+///
+/// # Examples
+///
+/// A 401 Unauthorized response without a body:
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// use rocket::response::status;
+///
+/// # #[allow(unused_variables)]
+/// let response = status::Unauthorized::<()>(None);
+/// ```
+///
+/// A 401 Unauthorized response _with_ a body:
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// use rocket::response::status;
+///
+/// # #[allow(unused_variables)]
+/// let response = status::Unauthorized(Some("error message"));
+/// ```
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
+pub struct Unauthorized<R>(pub Option<R>);
+
+/// Sets the status code of the response to 401 Unauthorized. If the responder is
+/// `Some`, it is used to finalize the response.
+impl<'r, R: Responder<'r>> Responder<'r> for Unauthorized<R> {
+    fn respond_to(self, req: &Request<'_>) -> Result<Response<'r>, Status> {
+        let mut build = Response::build();
+        if let Some(responder) = self.0 {
+            build.merge(responder.respond_to(req)?);
+        }
+
+        build.status(Status::Unauthorized).ok()
+    }
+}
+
+/// Sets the status of the response to 403 (Forbidden).
+///
+/// If a responder is supplied, the remainder of the response is delegated to
+/// it. If there is no responder, the body of the response will be empty.
+///
+/// # Examples
+///
+/// A 403 Forbidden response without a body:
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// use rocket::response::status;
+///
+/// # #[allow(unused_variables)]
+/// let response = status::Forbidden::<()>(None);
+/// ```
+///
+/// A 403 Forbidden response _with_ a body:
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// use rocket::response::status;
+///
+/// # #[allow(unused_variables)]
+/// let response = status::Forbidden(Some("error message"));
+/// ```
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
+pub struct Forbidden<R>(pub Option<R>);
+
+/// Sets the status code of the response to 403 Forbidden. If the responder is
+/// `Some`, it is used to finalize the response.
+impl<'r, R: Responder<'r>> Responder<'r> for Forbidden<R> {
+    fn respond_to(self, req: &Request<'_>) -> Result<Response<'r>, Status> {
+        let mut build = Response::build();
+        if let Some(responder) = self.0 {
+            build.merge(responder.respond_to(req)?);
+        }
+
+        build.status(Status::Forbidden).ok()
+    }
+}
+
+/// Sets the status of the response to 404 (Not Found).
+///
+/// The remainder of the response is delegated to the wrapped `Responder`.
+///
+/// # Example
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// use rocket::response::status;
+///
+/// # #[allow(unused_variables)]
+/// let response = status::NotFound("Sorry, I couldn't find it!");
+/// ```
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
+pub struct NotFound<R>(pub R);
+
+/// Sets the status code of the response to 404 Not Found.
+impl<'r, R: Responder<'r>> Responder<'r> for NotFound<R> {
+    fn respond_to(self, req: &Request) -> Result<Response<'r>, Status> {
+        Response::build_from(self.0.respond_to(req)?)
+            .status(Status::NotFound)
+            .ok()
+    }
+}
+
+
+/// Sets the status of the response to 409 (Conflict).
+///
+/// If a responder is supplied, the remainder of the response is delegated to
+/// it. If there is no responder, the body of the response will be empty.
+///
+/// # Examples
+///
+/// A 409 Conflict response without a body:
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// use rocket::response::status;
+///
+/// # #[allow(unused_variables)]
+/// let response = status::Conflict::<()>(None);
+/// ```
+///
+/// A 409 Conflict response _with_ a body:
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// use rocket::response::status;
+///
+/// # #[allow(unused_variables)]
+/// let response = status::Conflict(Some("error message"));
+/// ```
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
+pub struct Conflict<R>(pub Option<R>);
+
+/// Sets the status code of the response to 409 Conflict. If the responder is
+/// `Some`, it is used to finalize the response.
+impl<'r, R: Responder<'r>> Responder<'r> for Conflict<R> {
+    fn respond_to(self, req: &Request<'_>) -> Result<Response<'r>, Status> {
+        let mut build = Response::build();
+        if let Some(responder) = self.0 {
+            build.merge(responder.respond_to(req)?);
+        }
+
+        build.status(Status::Conflict).ok()
+    }
+}
+
+/// Creates a response with the given status code and underlying responder.
+///
+/// # Example
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// use rocket::response::status;
+/// use rocket::http::Status;
+///
+/// # #[allow(unused_variables)]
+/// let response = status::Custom(Status::ImATeapot, "Hi!");
+/// ```
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
+pub struct Custom<R>(pub Status, pub R);
+
+/// Sets the status code of the response and then delegates the remainder of the
+/// response to the wrapped responder.
+impl<'r, R: Responder<'r>> Responder<'r> for Custom<R> {
+    fn respond_to(self, req: &Request) -> Result<Response<'r>, Status> {
+        Response::build_from(self.1.respond_to(req)?)
+            .status(self.0)
+            .ok()
+    }
+}
+
+// The following are unimplemented.
+// 206 Partial Content (variant), 203 Non-Authoritative Information (headers).
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/response/stream.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/response/stream.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..def290ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/response/stream.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+use std::io::Read;
+use std::fmt::{self, Debug};
+
+use request::Request;
+use response::{Response, Responder, DEFAULT_CHUNK_SIZE};
+use http::Status;
+
+/// Streams a response to a client from an arbitrary `Read`er type.
+///
+/// The client is sent a "chunked" response, where the chunk size is at most
+/// 4KiB. This means that at most 4KiB are stored in memory while the response
+/// is being sent. This type should be used when sending responses that are
+/// arbitrarily large in size, such as when streaming from a local socket.
+pub struct Stream<T: Read>(T, u64);
+
+impl<T: Read> Stream<T> {
+    /// Create a new stream from the given `reader` and sets the chunk size for
+    /// each streamed chunk to `chunk_size` bytes.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// Stream a response from whatever is in `stdin` with a chunk size of 10
+    /// bytes. Note: you probably shouldn't do this.
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use std::io;
+    /// use rocket::response::Stream;
+    ///
+    /// # #[allow(unused_variables)]
+    /// let response = Stream::chunked(io::stdin(), 10);
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// # Buffering and blocking
+    ///
+    /// Normally, data will be buffered and sent only in complete `chunk_size`
+    /// chunks.
+    ///
+    /// With the feature `sse` enabled, the `Read`er may signal that data sent
+    /// so far should be transmitted in a timely fashion (e.g. it is responding
+    /// to a Server-Side Events (JavaScript `EventSource`) request. To do this
+    /// it should return an [io::Error](std::io::Error) of kind `WouldBlock`
+    /// (which should not normally occur), after returning a collection of data.
+    /// This will cause a flush of data seen so far, rather than being treated
+    /// as an error.
+    ///
+    /// Note that long-running responses may easily exhaust Rocket's thread
+    /// pool, so consider increasing the number of threads. If doing SSE, also
+    /// note the 'maximum open connections' browser limitation which is
+    /// described in the [EventSource
+    /// documentation](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/EventSource)
+    /// on the Mozilla Developer Network.
+    ///
+    /// Without the `sse` feature, a `WouldBlock` error is treated as an actual
+    /// error.
+    pub fn chunked(reader: T, chunk_size: u64) -> Stream<T> {
+        Stream(reader, chunk_size)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: Read + Debug> Debug for Stream<T> {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+        f.debug_tuple("Stream").field(&self.0).finish()
+    }
+}
+
+/// Create a new stream from the given `reader`.
+///
+/// # Example
+///
+/// Stream a response from whatever is in `stdin`. Note: you probably
+/// shouldn't do this.
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// use std::io;
+/// use rocket::response::Stream;
+///
+/// # #[allow(unused_variables)]
+/// let response = Stream::from(io::stdin());
+/// ```
+impl<T: Read> From<T> for Stream<T> {
+    fn from(reader: T) -> Self {
+        Stream(reader, DEFAULT_CHUNK_SIZE)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Sends a response to the client using the "Chunked" transfer encoding. The
+/// maximum chunk size is 4KiB.
+///
+/// # Failure
+///
+/// If reading from the input stream fails at any point during the response, the
+/// response is abandoned, and the response ends abruptly. An error is printed
+/// to the console with an indication of what went wrong.
+impl<'r, T: Read + 'r> Responder<'r> for Stream<T> {
+    fn respond_to(self, _: &Request) -> Result<Response<'r>, Status> {
+        Response::build().chunked_body(self.0, self.1).ok()
+    }
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/rocket.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/rocket.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a2a4823a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/rocket.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,840 @@
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::str::from_utf8;
+use std::cmp::min;
+use std::io::{self, Write};
+use std::time::Duration;
+use std::mem;
+
+use yansi::Paint;
+use state::Container;
+
+#[cfg(feature = "tls")] use http::tls::TlsServer;
+
+use {logger, handler};
+use ext::ReadExt;
+use config::{self, Config, LoggedValue};
+use request::{Request, FormItems};
+use data::Data;
+use response::{Body, Response};
+use router::{Router, Route};
+use catcher::{self, Catcher};
+use outcome::Outcome;
+use error::{LaunchError, LaunchErrorKind};
+use fairing::{Fairing, Fairings};
+
+use http::{Method, Status, Header};
+use http::hyper::{self, header};
+use http::uri::Origin;
+
+/// The main `Rocket` type: used to mount routes and catchers and launch the
+/// application.
+pub struct Rocket {
+    pub(crate) config: Config,
+    router: Router,
+    default_catchers: HashMap<u16, Catcher>,
+    catchers: HashMap<u16, Catcher>,
+    pub(crate) state: Container,
+    fairings: Fairings,
+}
+
+#[doc(hidden)]
+impl hyper::Handler for Rocket {
+    // This function tries to hide all of the Hyper-ness from Rocket. It
+    // essentially converts Hyper types into Rocket types, then calls the
+    // `dispatch` function, which knows nothing about Hyper. Because responding
+    // depends on the `HyperResponse` type, this function does the actual
+    // response processing.
+    fn handle<'h, 'k>(
+        &self,
+        hyp_req: hyper::Request<'h, 'k>,
+        res: hyper::FreshResponse<'h>,
+    ) {
+        // Get all of the information from Hyper.
+        let (h_addr, h_method, h_headers, h_uri, _, h_body) = hyp_req.deconstruct();
+
+        // Convert the Hyper request into a Rocket request.
+        let req_res = Request::from_hyp(self, h_method, h_headers, h_uri, h_addr);
+        let mut req = match req_res {
+            Ok(req) => req,
+            Err(e) => {
+                error!("Bad incoming request: {}", e);
+                // TODO: We don't have a request to pass in, so we just
+                // fabricate one. This is weird. We should let the user know
+                // that we failed to parse a request (by invoking some special
+                // handler) instead of doing this.
+                let dummy = Request::new(self, Method::Get, Origin::dummy());
+                let r = self.handle_error(Status::BadRequest, &dummy);
+                return self.issue_response(r, res);
+            }
+        };
+
+        // Retrieve the data from the hyper body.
+        let data = match Data::from_hyp(&req, h_body) {
+            Ok(data) => data,
+            Err(reason) => {
+                error_!("Bad data in request: {}", reason);
+                let r = self.handle_error(Status::InternalServerError, &req);
+                return self.issue_response(r, res);
+            }
+        };
+
+        // Dispatch the request to get a response, then write that response out.
+        let response = self.dispatch(&mut req, data);
+        self.issue_response(response, res)
+    }
+}
+
+// This macro is a terrible hack to get around Hyper's Server<L> type. What we
+// want is to use almost exactly the same launch code when we're serving over
+// HTTPS as over HTTP. But Hyper forces two different types, so we can't use the
+// same code, at least not trivially. These macros get around that by passing in
+// the same code as a continuation in `$continue`. This wouldn't work as a
+// regular function taking in a closure because the types of the inputs to the
+// closure would be different depending on whether TLS was enabled or not.
+#[cfg(not(feature = "tls"))]
+macro_rules! serve {
+    ($rocket:expr, $addr:expr, |$server:ident, $proto:ident| $continue:expr) => ({
+        let ($proto, $server) = ("http://", hyper::Server::http($addr));
+        $continue
+    })
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "tls")]
+macro_rules! serve {
+    ($rocket:expr, $addr:expr, |$server:ident, $proto:ident| $continue:expr) => ({
+        if let Some(tls) = $rocket.config.tls.clone() {
+            let tls = TlsServer::new(tls.certs, tls.key);
+            let ($proto, $server) = ("https://", hyper::Server::https($addr, tls));
+            $continue
+        } else {
+            let ($proto, $server) = ("http://", hyper::Server::http($addr));
+            $continue
+        }
+    })
+}
+
+impl Rocket {
+    #[inline]
+    fn issue_response(&self, response: Response, hyp_res: hyper::FreshResponse) {
+        match self.write_response(response, hyp_res) {
+            Ok(_) => info_!("{}", Paint::green("Response succeeded.")),
+            Err(e) => error_!("Failed to write response: {:?}.", e),
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn write_response(
+        &self,
+        mut response: Response,
+        mut hyp_res: hyper::FreshResponse,
+    ) -> io::Result<()> {
+        *hyp_res.status_mut() = hyper::StatusCode::from_u16(response.status().code);
+
+        for header in response.headers().iter() {
+            // FIXME: Using hyper here requires two allocations.
+            let name = header.name.into_string();
+            let value = Vec::from(header.value.as_bytes());
+            hyp_res.headers_mut().append_raw(name, value);
+        }
+
+        match response.body() {
+            None => {
+                hyp_res.headers_mut().set(header::ContentLength(0));
+                hyp_res.start()?.end()
+            }
+            Some(Body::Sized(body, size)) => {
+                hyp_res.headers_mut().set(header::ContentLength(size));
+                let mut stream = hyp_res.start()?;
+                io::copy(body, &mut stream)?;
+                stream.end()
+            }
+            Some(Body::Chunked(mut body, chunk_size)) => {
+                // This _might_ happen on a 32-bit machine!
+                if chunk_size > (usize::max_value() as u64) {
+                    let msg = "chunk size exceeds limits of usize type";
+                    return Err(io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::Other, msg));
+                }
+
+                // The buffer stores the current chunk being written out.
+                let mut buffer = vec![0; chunk_size as usize];
+                let mut stream = hyp_res.start()?;
+                loop {
+                    match body.read_max_wfs(&mut buffer)? {
+                        (0, _) => break,
+                        (n, f) => {
+                            stream.write_all(&buffer[..n])?;
+                            if f { stream.flush()? }
+                        },
+                    }
+                }
+
+                stream.end()
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Preprocess the request for Rocket things. Currently, this means:
+    ///
+    ///   * Rewriting the method in the request if _method form field exists.
+    ///
+    /// Keep this in-sync with derive_form when preprocessing form fields.
+    fn preprocess_request(&self, req: &mut Request, data: &Data) {
+        // Check if this is a form and if the form contains the special _method
+        // field which we use to reinterpret the request's method.
+        let data_len = data.peek().len();
+        let (min_len, max_len) = ("_method=get".len(), "_method=delete".len());
+        let is_form = req.content_type().map_or(false, |ct| ct.is_form());
+
+        if is_form && req.method() == Method::Post && data_len >= min_len {
+            if let Ok(form) = from_utf8(&data.peek()[..min(data_len, max_len)]) {
+                let method: Option<Result<Method, _>> = FormItems::from(form)
+                    .filter(|item| item.key.as_str() == "_method")
+                    .map(|item| item.value.parse())
+                    .next();
+
+                if let Some(Ok(method)) = method {
+                    req.set_method(method);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub(crate) fn dispatch<'s, 'r>(
+        &'s self,
+        request: &'r mut Request<'s>,
+        data: Data
+    ) -> Response<'r> {
+        info!("{}:", request);
+
+        // Do a bit of preprocessing before routing.
+        self.preprocess_request(request, &data);
+
+        // Run the request fairings.
+        self.fairings.handle_request(request, &data);
+
+        // Remember if the request is a `HEAD` request for later body stripping.
+        let was_head_request = request.method() == Method::Head;
+
+        // Route the request and run the user's handlers.
+        let mut response = self.route_and_process(request, data);
+
+        // Add a default 'Server' header if it isn't already there.
+        // TODO: If removing Hyper, write out `Date` header too.
+        if !response.headers().contains("Server") {
+            response.set_header(Header::new("Server", "Rocket"));
+        }
+
+        // Run the response fairings.
+        self.fairings.handle_response(request, &mut response);
+
+        // Strip the body if this is a `HEAD` request.
+        if was_head_request {
+            response.strip_body();
+        }
+
+        response
+    }
+
+    /// Route the request and process the outcome to eventually get a response.
+    fn route_and_process<'s, 'r>(
+        &'s self,
+        request: &'r Request<'s>,
+        data: Data
+    ) -> Response<'r> {
+        let mut response = match self.route(request, data) {
+            Outcome::Success(response) => response,
+            Outcome::Forward(data) => {
+                // There was no matching route. Autohandle `HEAD` requests.
+                if request.method() == Method::Head {
+                    info_!("Autohandling {} request.", Paint::default("HEAD").bold());
+
+                    // Dispatch the request again with Method `GET`.
+                    request._set_method(Method::Get);
+
+                    // Return early so we don't set cookies twice.
+                    return self.route_and_process(request, data);
+                } else {
+                    // No match was found and it can't be autohandled. 404.
+                    self.handle_error(Status::NotFound, request)
+                }
+            }
+            Outcome::Failure(status) => self.handle_error(status, request),
+        };
+
+        // Set the cookies. Note that error responses will only include cookies
+        // set by the error handler. See `handle_error` for more.
+        for cookie in request.cookies().delta() {
+            response.adjoin_header(cookie);
+        }
+
+        response
+    }
+
+    /// Tries to find a `Responder` for a given `request`. It does this by
+    /// routing the request and calling the handler for each matching route
+    /// until one of the handlers returns success or failure, or there are no
+    /// additional routes to try (forward). The corresponding outcome for each
+    /// condition is returned.
+    //
+    // TODO: We _should_ be able to take an `&mut` here and mutate the request
+    // at any pointer _before_ we pass it to a handler as long as we drop the
+    // outcome. That should be safe. Since no mutable borrow can be held
+    // (ensuring `handler` takes an immutable borrow), any caller to `route`
+    // should be able to supply an `&mut` and retain an `&` after the call.
+    #[inline]
+    pub(crate) fn route<'s, 'r>(
+        &'s self,
+        request: &'r Request<'s>,
+        mut data: Data,
+    ) -> handler::Outcome<'r> {
+        // Go through the list of matching routes until we fail or succeed.
+        let matches = self.router.route(request);
+        for route in matches {
+            // Retrieve and set the requests parameters.
+            info_!("Matched: {}", route);
+            request.set_route(route);
+
+            // Dispatch the request to the handler.
+            let outcome = route.handler.handle(request, data);
+
+            // Check if the request processing completed or if the request needs
+            // to be forwarded. If it does, continue the loop to try again.
+            info_!("{} {}", Paint::default("Outcome:").bold(), outcome);
+            match outcome {
+                o@Outcome::Success(_) | o@Outcome::Failure(_) => return o,
+                Outcome::Forward(unused_data) => data = unused_data,
+            };
+        }
+
+        error_!("No matching routes for {}.", request);
+        Outcome::Forward(data)
+    }
+
+    // Finds the error catcher for the status `status` and executes it for the
+    // given request `req`; the cookies in `req` are reset to their original
+    // state before invoking the error handler. If a user has registered a
+    // catcher for `status`, the catcher is called. If the catcher fails to
+    // return a good response, the 500 catcher is executed. If there is no
+    // registered catcher for `status`, the default catcher is used.
+    pub(crate) fn handle_error<'r>(
+        &self,
+        status: Status,
+        req: &'r Request
+    ) -> Response<'r> {
+        warn_!("Responding with {} catcher.", Paint::red(&status));
+
+        // For now, we reset the delta state to prevent any modifications from
+        // earlier, unsuccessful paths from being reflected in error response.
+        // We may wish to relax this in the future.
+        req.cookies().reset_delta();
+
+        // Try to get the active catcher but fallback to user's 500 catcher.
+        let catcher = self.catchers.get(&status.code).unwrap_or_else(|| {
+            error_!("No catcher found for {}. Using 500 catcher.", status);
+            self.catchers.get(&500).expect("500 catcher.")
+        });
+
+        // Dispatch to the user's catcher. If it fails, use the default 500.
+        catcher.handle(req).unwrap_or_else(|err_status| {
+            error_!("Catcher failed with status: {}!", err_status);
+            warn_!("Using default 500 error catcher.");
+            let default = self.default_catchers.get(&500).expect("Default 500");
+            default.handle(req).expect("Default 500 response.")
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Create a new `Rocket` application using the configuration information in
+    /// `Rocket.toml`. If the file does not exist or if there is an I/O error
+    /// reading the file, the defaults are used. See the [`config`]
+    /// documentation for more information on defaults.
+    ///
+    /// This method is typically called through the
+    /// [`rocket::ignite()`](::ignite) alias.
+    ///
+    /// # Panics
+    ///
+    /// If there is an error parsing the `Rocket.toml` file, this functions
+    /// prints a nice error message and then exits the process.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # {
+    /// rocket::ignite()
+    /// # };
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn ignite() -> Rocket {
+        // Note: init() will exit the process under config errors.
+        Rocket::configured(config::init())
+    }
+
+    /// Creates a new `Rocket` application using the supplied custom
+    /// configuration. The `Rocket.toml` file, if present, is ignored. Any
+    /// environment variables setting config parameters are ignored.
+    ///
+    /// This method is typically called through the `rocket::custom` alias.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::config::{Config, Environment};
+    /// # use rocket::config::ConfigError;
+    ///
+    /// # #[allow(dead_code)]
+    /// # fn try_config() -> Result<(), ConfigError> {
+    /// let config = Config::build(Environment::Staging)
+    ///     .address("1.2.3.4")
+    ///     .port(9234)
+    ///     .finalize()?;
+    ///
+    /// # #[allow(unused_variables)]
+    /// let app = rocket::custom(config);
+    /// # Ok(())
+    /// # }
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn custom(config: Config) -> Rocket {
+        Rocket::configured(config)
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn configured(config: Config) -> Rocket {
+        if logger::try_init(config.log_level, false) {
+            // Temporary weaken log level for launch info.
+            logger::push_max_level(logger::LoggingLevel::Normal);
+        }
+
+        launch_info!("{}Configured for {}.", Paint::masked("🔧 "), config.environment);
+        launch_info_!("address: {}", Paint::default(&config.address).bold());
+        launch_info_!("port: {}", Paint::default(&config.port).bold());
+        launch_info_!("log: {}", Paint::default(config.log_level).bold());
+        launch_info_!("workers: {}", Paint::default(config.workers).bold());
+        launch_info_!("secret key: {}", Paint::default(&config.secret_key).bold());
+        launch_info_!("limits: {}", Paint::default(&config.limits).bold());
+
+        fn log_timeout(name: &str, value: Option<u32>) {
+            let painted = match value {
+                Some(v) => Paint::default(format!("{}s", v)).bold(),
+                None => Paint::default("disabled".into()).bold()
+            };
+
+            launch_info_!("{}: {}", name, painted);
+        }
+
+        log_timeout("keep-alive", config.keep_alive);
+        log_timeout("read timeout", config.read_timeout);
+        log_timeout("write timeout", config.write_timeout);
+
+        let tls_configured = config.tls.is_some();
+        if tls_configured && cfg!(feature = "tls") {
+            launch_info_!("tls: {}", Paint::default("enabled").bold());
+        } else if tls_configured {
+            error_!("tls: {}", Paint::default("disabled").bold());
+            error_!("tls is configured, but the tls feature is disabled");
+        } else {
+            launch_info_!("tls: {}", Paint::default("disabled").bold());
+        }
+
+        if config.secret_key.is_generated() && config.environment.is_prod() {
+            warn!("environment is 'production', but no `secret_key` is configured");
+        }
+
+        for (name, value) in config.extras() {
+            launch_info_!("{} {}: {}",
+                          Paint::yellow("[extra]"), name,
+                          Paint::default(LoggedValue(value)).bold());
+        }
+
+        Rocket {
+            config,
+            router: Router::new(),
+            default_catchers: catcher::defaults::get(),
+            catchers: catcher::defaults::get(),
+            state: Container::new(),
+            fairings: Fairings::new(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Mounts all of the routes in the supplied vector at the given `base`
+    /// path. Mounting a route with path `path` at path `base` makes the route
+    /// available at `base/path`.
+    ///
+    /// # Panics
+    ///
+    /// Panics if the `base` mount point is not a valid static path: a valid
+    /// origin URI without dynamic parameters.
+    ///
+    /// Panics if any route's URI is not a valid origin URI. This kind of panic
+    /// is guaranteed not to occur if the routes were generated using Rocket's
+    /// code generation.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// Use the `routes!` macro to mount routes created using the code
+    /// generation facilities. Requests to the `/hello/world` URI will be
+    /// dispatched to the `hi` route.
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # #![feature(proc_macro_hygiene, decl_macro)]
+    /// # #[macro_use] extern crate rocket;
+    /// #
+    /// #[get("/world")]
+    /// fn hi() -> &'static str {
+    ///     "Hello!"
+    /// }
+    ///
+    /// fn main() {
+    /// # if false { // We don't actually want to launch the server in an example.
+    ///     rocket::ignite().mount("/hello", routes![hi])
+    /// #       .launch();
+    /// # }
+    /// }
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// Manually create a route named `hi` at path `"/world"` mounted at base
+    /// `"/hello"`. Requests to the `/hello/world` URI will be dispatched to the
+    /// `hi` route.
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::{Request, Route, Data};
+    /// use rocket::handler::Outcome;
+    /// use rocket::http::Method::*;
+    ///
+    /// fn hi<'r>(req: &'r Request, _: Data) -> Outcome<'r> {
+    ///     Outcome::from(req, "Hello!")
+    /// }
+    ///
+    /// # if false { // We don't actually want to launch the server in an example.
+    /// rocket::ignite().mount("/hello", vec![Route::new(Get, "/world", hi)])
+    /// #     .launch();
+    /// # }
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn mount<R: Into<Vec<Route>>>(mut self, base: &str, routes: R) -> Self {
+        info!("{}{} {}{}",
+              Paint::masked("🛰  "),
+              Paint::magenta("Mounting"),
+              Paint::blue(base),
+              Paint::magenta(":"));
+
+        let base_uri = Origin::parse(base)
+            .unwrap_or_else(|e| {
+                error_!("Invalid origin URI '{}' used as mount point.", base);
+                panic!("Error: {}", e);
+            });
+
+        if base_uri.query().is_some() {
+            error_!("Mount point '{}' contains query string.", base);
+            panic!("Invalid mount point.");
+        }
+
+        for mut route in routes.into() {
+            let path = route.uri.clone();
+            if let Err(e) = route.set_uri(base_uri.clone(), path) {
+                error_!("{}", e);
+                panic!("Invalid route URI.");
+            }
+
+            info_!("{}", route);
+            self.router.add(route);
+        }
+
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// Registers all of the catchers in the supplied vector.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # #![feature(proc_macro_hygiene, decl_macro)]
+    /// # #[macro_use] extern crate rocket;
+    /// use rocket::Request;
+    ///
+    /// #[catch(500)]
+    /// fn internal_error() -> &'static str {
+    ///     "Whoops! Looks like we messed up."
+    /// }
+    ///
+    /// #[catch(400)]
+    /// fn not_found(req: &Request) -> String {
+    ///     format!("I couldn't find '{}'. Try something else?", req.uri())
+    /// }
+    ///
+    /// fn main() {
+    /// # if false { // We don't actually want to launch the server in an example.
+    ///     rocket::ignite()
+    ///         .register(catchers![internal_error, not_found])
+    /// #       .launch();
+    /// # }
+    /// }
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn register(mut self, catchers: Vec<Catcher>) -> Self {
+        info!("{}{}", Paint::masked("👾 "), Paint::magenta("Catchers:"));
+        for c in catchers {
+            if self.catchers.get(&c.code).map_or(false, |e| !e.is_default) {
+                info_!("{} {}", c, Paint::yellow("(warning: duplicate catcher!)"));
+            } else {
+                info_!("{}", c);
+            }
+
+            self.catchers.insert(c.code, c);
+        }
+
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// Add `state` to the state managed by this instance of Rocket.
+    ///
+    /// This method can be called any number of times as long as each call
+    /// refers to a different `T`.
+    ///
+    /// Managed state can be retrieved by any request handler via the
+    /// [`State`](::State) request guard. In particular, if a value of type `T`
+    /// is managed by Rocket, adding `State<T>` to the list of arguments in a
+    /// request handler instructs Rocket to retrieve the managed value.
+    ///
+    /// # Panics
+    ///
+    /// Panics if state of type `T` is already being managed.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # #![feature(proc_macro_hygiene, decl_macro)]
+    /// # #[macro_use] extern crate rocket;
+    /// use rocket::State;
+    ///
+    /// struct MyValue(usize);
+    ///
+    /// #[get("/")]
+    /// fn index(state: State<MyValue>) -> String {
+    ///     format!("The stateful value is: {}", state.0)
+    /// }
+    ///
+    /// fn main() {
+    /// # if false { // We don't actually want to launch the server in an example.
+    ///     rocket::ignite()
+    ///         .mount("/", routes![index])
+    ///         .manage(MyValue(10))
+    ///         .launch();
+    /// # }
+    /// }
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn manage<T: Send + Sync + 'static>(self, state: T) -> Self {
+        if !self.state.set::<T>(state) {
+            error!("State for this type is already being managed!");
+            panic!("Aborting due to duplicately managed state.");
+        }
+
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// Attaches a fairing to this instance of Rocket. If the fairing is an
+    /// _attach_ fairing, it is run immediately. All other kinds of fairings
+    /// will be executed at their appropriate time.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # #![feature(proc_macro_hygiene, decl_macro)]
+    /// # #[macro_use] extern crate rocket;
+    /// use rocket::Rocket;
+    /// use rocket::fairing::AdHoc;
+    ///
+    /// fn main() {
+    /// # if false { // We don't actually want to launch the server in an example.
+    ///     rocket::ignite()
+    ///         .attach(AdHoc::on_launch("Launch Message", |_| {
+    ///             println!("Rocket is launching!");
+    ///         }))
+    ///         .launch();
+    /// # }
+    /// }
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn attach<F: Fairing>(mut self, fairing: F) -> Self {
+        // Attach (and run attach) fairings, which requires us to move `self`.
+        let mut fairings = mem::replace(&mut self.fairings, Fairings::new());
+        self = fairings.attach(Box::new(fairing), self);
+
+        // Make sure we keep all fairings around: the old and newly added ones!
+        fairings.append(self.fairings);
+        self.fairings = fairings;
+        self
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn prelaunch_check(mut self) -> Result<Rocket, LaunchError> {
+        self.router = match self.router.collisions() {
+            Ok(router) => router,
+            Err(e) => return Err(LaunchError::new(LaunchErrorKind::Collision(e)))
+        };
+
+        if let Some(failures) = self.fairings.failures() {
+            return Err(LaunchError::new(LaunchErrorKind::FailedFairings(failures.to_vec())))
+        }
+
+        Ok(self)
+    }
+
+    /// Starts the application server and begins listening for and dispatching
+    /// requests to mounted routes and catchers. Unless there is an error, this
+    /// function does not return and blocks until program termination.
+    ///
+    /// # Error
+    ///
+    /// If there is a problem starting the application, a [`LaunchError`] is
+    /// returned. Note that a value of type `LaunchError` panics if dropped
+    /// without first being inspected. See the [`LaunchError`] documentation for
+    /// more information.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # if false {
+    /// rocket::ignite().launch();
+    /// # }
+    /// ```
+    pub fn launch(mut self) -> LaunchError {
+        self = match self.prelaunch_check() {
+            Ok(rocket) => rocket,
+            Err(launch_error) => return launch_error
+        };
+
+        self.fairings.pretty_print_counts();
+
+        let full_addr = format!("{}:{}", self.config.address, self.config.port);
+        serve!(self, &full_addr, |server, proto| {
+            let mut server = match server {
+                Ok(server) => server,
+                Err(e) => return LaunchError::new(LaunchErrorKind::Bind(e)),
+            };
+
+            // Determine the address and port we actually binded to.
+            match server.local_addr() {
+                Ok(server_addr) => self.config.port = server_addr.port(),
+                Err(e) => return LaunchError::from(e),
+            }
+
+            // Set the keep-alive.
+            let timeout = self.config.keep_alive.map(|s| Duration::from_secs(s as u64));
+            server.keep_alive(timeout);
+
+            // Set sane timeouts.
+            let read_timeout = self.config.read_timeout.map(|s| Duration::from_secs(s as u64));
+            server.set_read_timeout(read_timeout);
+
+            let write_timeout = self.config.write_timeout.map(|s| Duration::from_secs(s as u64));
+            server.set_write_timeout(write_timeout);
+
+            // Freeze managed state for synchronization-free accesses later.
+            self.state.freeze();
+
+            // Run the launch fairings.
+            self.fairings.handle_launch(&self);
+
+            let full_addr = format!("{}:{}", self.config.address, self.config.port);
+            launch_info!("{}{} {}{}",
+                         Paint::masked("🚀 "),
+                         Paint::default("Rocket has launched from").bold(),
+                         Paint::default(proto).bold().underline(),
+                         Paint::default(&full_addr).bold().underline());
+
+            // Restore the log level back to what it originally was.
+            logger::pop_max_level();
+
+            let threads = self.config.workers as usize;
+            if let Err(e) = server.handle_threads(self, threads) {
+                return LaunchError::from(e);
+            }
+
+            unreachable!("the call to `handle_threads` should block on success")
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Returns an iterator over all of the routes mounted on this instance of
+    /// Rocket.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # #![feature(proc_macro_hygiene, decl_macro)]
+    /// # #[macro_use] extern crate rocket;
+    /// use rocket::Rocket;
+    /// use rocket::fairing::AdHoc;
+    ///
+    /// #[get("/hello")]
+    /// fn hello() -> &'static str {
+    ///     "Hello, world!"
+    /// }
+    ///
+    /// fn main() {
+    ///     let rocket = rocket::ignite()
+    ///         .mount("/", routes![hello])
+    ///         .mount("/hi", routes![hello]);
+    ///
+    ///     for route in rocket.routes() {
+    ///         match route.base() {
+    ///             "/" => assert_eq!(route.uri.path(), "/hello"),
+    ///             "/hi" => assert_eq!(route.uri.path(), "/hi/hello"),
+    ///             _ => unreachable!("only /hello, /hi/hello are expected")
+    ///         }
+    ///     }
+    ///
+    ///     assert_eq!(rocket.routes().count(), 2);
+    /// }
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn routes<'a>(&'a self) -> impl Iterator<Item = &'a Route> + 'a {
+        self.router.routes()
+    }
+
+    /// Returns `Some` of the managed state value for the type `T` if it is
+    /// being managed by `self`. Otherwise, returns `None`.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// #[derive(PartialEq, Debug)]
+    /// struct MyState(&'static str);
+    ///
+    /// let rocket = rocket::ignite().manage(MyState("hello!"));
+    /// assert_eq!(rocket.state::<MyState>(), Some(&MyState("hello!")));
+    ///
+    /// let client = rocket::local::Client::new(rocket).expect("valid rocket");
+    /// assert_eq!(client.rocket().state::<MyState>(), Some(&MyState("hello!")));
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn state<T: Send + Sync + 'static>(&self) -> Option<&T> {
+        self.state.try_get()
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the active configuration.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # #![feature(proc_macro_hygiene, decl_macro)]
+    /// # #[macro_use] extern crate rocket;
+    /// use rocket::Rocket;
+    /// use rocket::fairing::AdHoc;
+    ///
+    /// fn main() {
+    /// # if false { // We don't actually want to launch the server in an example.
+    ///     rocket::ignite()
+    ///         .attach(AdHoc::on_launch("Config Printer", |rocket| {
+    ///             println!("Rocket launch config: {:?}", rocket.config());
+    ///         }))
+    ///         .launch();
+    /// # }
+    /// }
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn config(&self) -> &Config {
+        &self.config
+    }
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/router/collider.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/router/collider.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f9847d8d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/router/collider.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,512 @@
+use super::Route;
+
+use http::MediaType;
+use http::route::Kind;
+use request::Request;
+
+impl Route {
+    /// Determines if two routes can match against some request. That is, if two
+    /// routes `collide`, there exists a request that can match against both
+    /// routes.
+    ///
+    /// This implementation is used at initialization to check if two user
+    /// routes collide before launching. Format collisions works like this:
+    ///
+    ///   * If route specifies a format, it only gets requests for that format.
+    ///   * If route doesn't specify a format, it gets requests for any format.
+    ///
+    /// Because query parsing is lenient, and dynamic query parameters can be
+    /// missing, queries do not impact whether two routes collide.
+    #[doc(hidden)]
+    pub fn collides_with(&self, other: &Route) -> bool {
+        self.method == other.method
+            && self.rank == other.rank
+            && paths_collide(self, other)
+            && formats_collide(self, other)
+    }
+
+    /// Determines if this route matches against the given request. This means
+    /// that:
+    ///
+    ///   * The route's method matches that of the incoming request.
+    ///   * The route's format (if any) matches that of the incoming request.
+    ///     - If route specifies format, it only gets requests for that format.
+    ///     - If route doesn't specify format, it gets requests for any format.
+    ///   * All static components in the route's path match the corresponding
+    ///     components in the same position in the incoming request.
+    ///   * All static components in the route's query string are also in the
+    ///     request query string, though in any position.
+    ///     - If no query in route, requests with/without queries match.
+    #[doc(hidden)]
+    pub fn matches(&self, req: &Request) -> bool {
+        self.method == req.method()
+            && paths_match(self, req)
+            && queries_match(self, req)
+            && formats_match(self, req)
+    }
+}
+
+fn paths_collide(route: &Route, other: &Route) -> bool {
+    let a_segments = &route.metadata.path_segments;
+    let b_segments = &other.metadata.path_segments;
+    for (seg_a, seg_b) in a_segments.iter().zip(b_segments.iter()) {
+        if seg_a.kind == Kind::Multi || seg_b.kind == Kind::Multi {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        if seg_a.kind == Kind::Static && seg_b.kind == Kind::Static {
+            if seg_a.string != seg_b.string {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    a_segments.len() == b_segments.len()
+}
+
+fn paths_match(route: &Route, request: &Request) -> bool {
+    let route_segments = &route.metadata.path_segments;
+    if route_segments.len() > request.state.path_segments.len() {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    let request_segments = request.raw_path_segments();
+    for (route_seg, req_seg) in route_segments.iter().zip(request_segments) {
+        match route_seg.kind {
+            Kind::Multi => return true,
+            Kind::Static if &*route_seg.string != req_seg.as_str() => return false,
+            _ => continue,
+        }
+    }
+
+    route_segments.len() == request.state.path_segments.len()
+}
+
+fn queries_match(route: &Route, request: &Request) -> bool {
+    if route.metadata.fully_dynamic_query {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    let route_query_segments = match route.metadata.query_segments {
+        Some(ref segments) => segments,
+        None => return true
+    };
+
+    let req_query_segments = match request.raw_query_items() {
+        Some(iter) => iter.map(|item| item.raw.as_str()),
+        None => return route.metadata.fully_dynamic_query
+    };
+
+    for seg in route_query_segments.iter() {
+        if seg.kind == Kind::Static {
+            // it's okay; this clones the iterator
+            if !req_query_segments.clone().any(|r| r == seg.string) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    true
+}
+
+fn formats_collide(route: &Route, other: &Route) -> bool {
+    // When matching against the `Accept` header, the client can always provide
+    // a media type that will cause a collision through non-specificity.
+    if !route.method.supports_payload() {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    // When matching against the `Content-Type` header, we'll only consider
+    // requests as having a `Content-Type` if they're fully specified. If a
+    // route doesn't have a `format`, it accepts all `Content-Type`s. If a
+    // request doesn't have a format, it only matches routes without a format.
+    match (route.format.as_ref(), other.format.as_ref()) {
+        (Some(a), Some(b)) => media_types_collide(a, b),
+        _ => true
+    }
+}
+
+fn formats_match(route: &Route, request: &Request) -> bool {
+    if !route.method.supports_payload() {
+        route.format.as_ref()
+            .and_then(|a| request.format().map(|b| (a, b)))
+            .map(|(a, b)| media_types_collide(a, b))
+            .unwrap_or(true)
+    } else {
+        match route.format.as_ref() {
+            Some(a) => match request.format() {
+                Some(b) if b.specificity() == 2 => media_types_collide(a, b),
+                _ => false
+            }
+            None => true
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn media_types_collide(first: &MediaType, other: &MediaType) -> bool {
+    let collide = |a, b| a == "*" || b == "*" || a == b;
+    collide(first.top(), other.top()) && collide(first.sub(), other.sub())
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use std::str::FromStr;
+
+    use super::*;
+    use rocket::Rocket;
+    use config::Config;
+    use request::Request;
+    use router::{dummy_handler, route::Route};
+    use http::{Method, MediaType, ContentType, Accept};
+    use http::uri::Origin;
+    use http::Method::*;
+
+    type SimpleRoute = (Method, &'static str);
+
+    fn m_collide(a: SimpleRoute, b: SimpleRoute) -> bool {
+        let route_a = Route::new(a.0, a.1, dummy_handler);
+        route_a.collides_with(&Route::new(b.0, b.1, dummy_handler))
+    }
+
+    fn unranked_collide(a: &'static str, b: &'static str) -> bool {
+        let route_a = Route::ranked(0, Get, a, dummy_handler);
+        let route_b = Route::ranked(0, Get, b, dummy_handler);
+        eprintln!("Checking {} against {}.", route_a, route_b);
+        route_a.collides_with(&route_b)
+    }
+
+    fn s_s_collide(a: &'static str, b: &'static str) -> bool {
+        let a = Route::new(Get, a, dummy_handler);
+        let b = Route::new(Get, b, dummy_handler);
+        paths_collide(&a, &b)
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn simple_collisions() {
+        assert!(unranked_collide("/a", "/a"));
+        assert!(unranked_collide("/hello", "/hello"));
+        assert!(unranked_collide("/hello", "/hello/"));
+        assert!(unranked_collide("/hello/there/how/ar", "/hello/there/how/ar"));
+        assert!(unranked_collide("/hello/there", "/hello/there/"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn simple_param_collisions() {
+        assert!(unranked_collide("/hello/<name>", "/hello/<person>"));
+        assert!(unranked_collide("/hello/<name>/hi", "/hello/<person>/hi"));
+        assert!(unranked_collide("/hello/<name>/hi/there", "/hello/<person>/hi/there"));
+        assert!(unranked_collide("/<name>/hi/there", "/<person>/hi/there"));
+        assert!(unranked_collide("/<name>/hi/there", "/dude/<name>/there"));
+        assert!(unranked_collide("/<name>/<a>/<b>", "/<a>/<b>/<c>"));
+        assert!(unranked_collide("/<name>/<a>/<b>/", "/<a>/<b>/<c>/"));
+        assert!(unranked_collide("/<a..>", "/hi"));
+        assert!(unranked_collide("/<a..>", "/hi/hey"));
+        assert!(unranked_collide("/<a..>", "/hi/hey/hayo"));
+        assert!(unranked_collide("/a/<a..>", "/a/hi/hey/hayo"));
+        assert!(unranked_collide("/a/<b>/<a..>", "/a/hi/hey/hayo"));
+        assert!(unranked_collide("/a/<b>/<c>/<a..>", "/a/hi/hey/hayo"));
+        assert!(unranked_collide("/<b>/<c>/<a..>", "/a/hi/hey/hayo"));
+        assert!(unranked_collide("/<b>/<c>/hey/hayo", "/a/hi/hey/hayo"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn medium_param_collisions() {
+        assert!(unranked_collide("/hello/<name>", "/hello/bob"));
+        assert!(unranked_collide("/<name>", "//bob"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn hard_param_collisions() {
+        assert!(unranked_collide("/<a..>", "///a///"));
+        assert!(unranked_collide("/<a..>", "//a/bcjdklfj//<c>"));
+        assert!(unranked_collide("/a/<a..>", "//a/bcjdklfj//<c>"));
+        assert!(unranked_collide("/a/<b>/<c..>", "//a/bcjdklfj//<c>"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn query_collisions() {
+        assert!(unranked_collide("/?<a>", "/?<a>"));
+        assert!(unranked_collide("/a/?<a>", "/a/?<a>"));
+        assert!(unranked_collide("/a?<a>", "/a?<a>"));
+        assert!(unranked_collide("/<r>?<a>", "/<r>?<a>"));
+        assert!(unranked_collide("/a/b/c?<a>", "/a/b/c?<a>"));
+        assert!(unranked_collide("/<a>/b/c?<d>", "/a/b/<c>?<d>"));
+        assert!(unranked_collide("/?<a>", "/"));
+        assert!(unranked_collide("/a?<a>", "/a"));
+        assert!(unranked_collide("/a?<a>", "/a"));
+        assert!(unranked_collide("/a/b?<a>", "/a/b"));
+        assert!(unranked_collide("/a/b", "/a/b?<c>"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn non_collisions() {
+        assert!(!unranked_collide("/<a>", "/"));
+        assert!(!unranked_collide("/a", "/b"));
+        assert!(!unranked_collide("/a/b", "/a"));
+        assert!(!unranked_collide("/a/b", "/a/c"));
+        assert!(!unranked_collide("/a/hello", "/a/c"));
+        assert!(!unranked_collide("/hello", "/a/c"));
+        assert!(!unranked_collide("/hello/there", "/hello/there/guy"));
+        assert!(!unranked_collide("/a/<b>", "/b/<b>"));
+        assert!(!unranked_collide("/<a..>", "/"));
+        assert!(!unranked_collide("/hi/<a..>", "/hi"));
+        assert!(!unranked_collide("/hi/<a..>", "/hi/"));
+        assert!(!unranked_collide("/<a..>", "//////"));
+        assert!(!unranked_collide("/t", "/test"));
+        assert!(!unranked_collide("/a", "/aa"));
+        assert!(!unranked_collide("/a", "/aaa"));
+        assert!(!unranked_collide("/", "/a"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn query_non_collisions() {
+        assert!(!unranked_collide("/a?<b>", "/b"));
+        assert!(!unranked_collide("/a/b", "/a?<b>"));
+        assert!(!unranked_collide("/a/b/c?<d>", "/a/b/c/d"));
+        assert!(!unranked_collide("/a/hello", "/a/?<hello>"));
+        assert!(!unranked_collide("/?<a>", "/hi"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn method_dependent_non_collisions() {
+        assert!(!m_collide((Get, "/"), (Post, "/")));
+        assert!(!m_collide((Post, "/"), (Put, "/")));
+        assert!(!m_collide((Put, "/a"), (Put, "/")));
+        assert!(!m_collide((Post, "/a"), (Put, "/")));
+        assert!(!m_collide((Get, "/a"), (Put, "/")));
+        assert!(!m_collide((Get, "/hello"), (Put, "/hello")));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn query_dependent_non_collisions() {
+        assert!(!m_collide((Get, "/"), (Get, "/?a")));
+        assert!(!m_collide((Get, "/"), (Get, "/?<a>")));
+        assert!(!m_collide((Get, "/a/<b>"), (Get, "/a/<b>?d")));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_str_non_collisions() {
+        assert!(!s_s_collide("/a", "/b"));
+        assert!(!s_s_collide("/a/b", "/a"));
+        assert!(!s_s_collide("/a/b", "/a/c"));
+        assert!(!s_s_collide("/a/hello", "/a/c"));
+        assert!(!s_s_collide("/hello", "/a/c"));
+        assert!(!s_s_collide("/hello/there", "/hello/there/guy"));
+        assert!(!s_s_collide("/a/<b>", "/b/<b>"));
+        assert!(!s_s_collide("/a", "/b"));
+        assert!(!s_s_collide("/a/b", "/a"));
+        assert!(!s_s_collide("/a/b", "/a/c"));
+        assert!(!s_s_collide("/a/hello", "/a/c"));
+        assert!(!s_s_collide("/hello", "/a/c"));
+        assert!(!s_s_collide("/hello/there", "/hello/there/guy"));
+        assert!(!s_s_collide("/a/<b>", "/b/<b>"));
+        assert!(!s_s_collide("/a", "/b"));
+        assert!(!s_s_collide("/a/b", "/a"));
+        assert!(!s_s_collide("/a/b", "/a/c"));
+        assert!(!s_s_collide("/a/hello", "/a/c"));
+        assert!(!s_s_collide("/hello", "/a/c"));
+        assert!(!s_s_collide("/hello/there", "/hello/there/guy"));
+        assert!(!s_s_collide("/a/<b>", "/b/<b>"));
+        assert!(!s_s_collide("/<a..>", "/"));
+        assert!(!s_s_collide("/hi/<a..>", "/hi/"));
+        assert!(!s_s_collide("/a/hi/<a..>", "/a/hi/"));
+        assert!(!s_s_collide("/t", "/test"));
+        assert!(!s_s_collide("/a", "/aa"));
+        assert!(!s_s_collide("/a", "/aaa"));
+        assert!(!s_s_collide("/", "/a"));
+    }
+
+    fn mt_mt_collide(mt1: &str, mt2: &str) -> bool {
+        let mt_a = MediaType::from_str(mt1).expect(mt1);
+        let mt_b = MediaType::from_str(mt2).expect(mt2);
+        media_types_collide(&mt_a, &mt_b)
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_content_type_colliions() {
+        assert!(mt_mt_collide("application/json", "application/json"));
+        assert!(mt_mt_collide("*/json", "application/json"));
+        assert!(mt_mt_collide("*/*", "application/json"));
+        assert!(mt_mt_collide("application/*", "application/json"));
+        assert!(mt_mt_collide("application/*", "*/json"));
+        assert!(mt_mt_collide("something/random", "something/random"));
+
+        assert!(!mt_mt_collide("text/*", "application/*"));
+        assert!(!mt_mt_collide("*/text", "*/json"));
+        assert!(!mt_mt_collide("*/text", "application/test"));
+        assert!(!mt_mt_collide("something/random", "something_else/random"));
+        assert!(!mt_mt_collide("something/random", "*/else"));
+        assert!(!mt_mt_collide("*/random", "*/else"));
+        assert!(!mt_mt_collide("something/*", "random/else"));
+    }
+
+    fn r_mt_mt_collide<S1, S2>(m: Method, mt1: S1, mt2: S2) -> bool
+        where S1: Into<Option<&'static str>>, S2: Into<Option<&'static str>>
+    {
+        let mut route_a = Route::new(m, "/", dummy_handler);
+        if let Some(mt_str) = mt1.into() {
+            route_a.format = Some(mt_str.parse::<MediaType>().unwrap());
+        }
+
+        let mut route_b = Route::new(m, "/", dummy_handler);
+        if let Some(mt_str) = mt2.into() {
+            route_b.format = Some(mt_str.parse::<MediaType>().unwrap());
+        }
+
+        route_a.collides_with(&route_b)
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_route_content_type_colliions() {
+        // non-payload bearing routes always collide
+        assert!(r_mt_mt_collide(Get, "application/json", "application/json"));
+        assert!(r_mt_mt_collide(Get, "*/json", "application/json"));
+        assert!(r_mt_mt_collide(Get, "*/json", "application/*"));
+        assert!(r_mt_mt_collide(Get, "text/html", "text/*"));
+        assert!(r_mt_mt_collide(Get, "any/thing", "*/*"));
+
+        assert!(r_mt_mt_collide(Get, None, "text/*"));
+        assert!(r_mt_mt_collide(Get, None, "text/html"));
+        assert!(r_mt_mt_collide(Get, None, "*/*"));
+        assert!(r_mt_mt_collide(Get, "text/html", None));
+        assert!(r_mt_mt_collide(Get, "*/*", None));
+        assert!(r_mt_mt_collide(Get, "application/json", None));
+
+        assert!(r_mt_mt_collide(Get, "application/*", "text/*"));
+        assert!(r_mt_mt_collide(Get, "application/json", "text/*"));
+        assert!(r_mt_mt_collide(Get, "application/json", "text/html"));
+        assert!(r_mt_mt_collide(Get, "text/html", "text/html"));
+
+        // payload bearing routes collide if the media types collide
+        assert!(r_mt_mt_collide(Post, "application/json", "application/json"));
+        assert!(r_mt_mt_collide(Post, "*/json", "application/json"));
+        assert!(r_mt_mt_collide(Post, "*/json", "application/*"));
+        assert!(r_mt_mt_collide(Post, "text/html", "text/*"));
+        assert!(r_mt_mt_collide(Post, "any/thing", "*/*"));
+
+        assert!(r_mt_mt_collide(Post, None, "text/*"));
+        assert!(r_mt_mt_collide(Post, None, "text/html"));
+        assert!(r_mt_mt_collide(Post, None, "*/*"));
+        assert!(r_mt_mt_collide(Post, "text/html", None));
+        assert!(r_mt_mt_collide(Post, "*/*", None));
+        assert!(r_mt_mt_collide(Post, "application/json", None));
+
+        assert!(!r_mt_mt_collide(Post, "text/html", "application/*"));
+        assert!(!r_mt_mt_collide(Post, "application/html", "text/*"));
+        assert!(!r_mt_mt_collide(Post, "*/json", "text/html"));
+        assert!(!r_mt_mt_collide(Post, "text/html", "text/css"));
+        assert!(!r_mt_mt_collide(Post, "other/html", "text/html"));
+    }
+
+    fn req_route_mt_collide<S1, S2>(m: Method, mt1: S1, mt2: S2) -> bool
+        where S1: Into<Option<&'static str>>, S2: Into<Option<&'static str>>
+    {
+        let rocket = Rocket::custom(Config::development());
+        let mut req = Request::new(&rocket, m, Origin::dummy());
+        if let Some(mt_str) = mt1.into() {
+            if m.supports_payload() {
+                req.replace_header(mt_str.parse::<ContentType>().unwrap());
+            } else {
+                req.replace_header(mt_str.parse::<Accept>().unwrap());
+            }
+        }
+
+        let mut route = Route::new(m, "/", dummy_handler);
+        if let Some(mt_str) = mt2.into() {
+            route.format = Some(mt_str.parse::<MediaType>().unwrap());
+        }
+
+        route.matches(&req)
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_req_route_mt_collisions() {
+        assert!(req_route_mt_collide(Post, "application/json", "application/json"));
+        assert!(req_route_mt_collide(Post, "application/json", "application/*"));
+        assert!(req_route_mt_collide(Post, "application/json", "*/json"));
+        assert!(req_route_mt_collide(Post, "text/html", "*/*"));
+
+        assert!(req_route_mt_collide(Get, "application/json", "application/json"));
+        assert!(req_route_mt_collide(Get, "text/html", "text/html"));
+        assert!(req_route_mt_collide(Get, "text/html", "*/*"));
+        assert!(req_route_mt_collide(Get, None, "*/*"));
+        assert!(req_route_mt_collide(Get, None, "text/*"));
+        assert!(req_route_mt_collide(Get, None, "text/html"));
+        assert!(req_route_mt_collide(Get, None, "application/json"));
+
+        assert!(req_route_mt_collide(Post, "text/html", None));
+        assert!(req_route_mt_collide(Post, "application/json", None));
+        assert!(req_route_mt_collide(Post, "x-custom/anything", None));
+        assert!(req_route_mt_collide(Post, None, None));
+
+        assert!(req_route_mt_collide(Get, "text/html", None));
+        assert!(req_route_mt_collide(Get, "application/json", None));
+        assert!(req_route_mt_collide(Get, "x-custom/anything", None));
+        assert!(req_route_mt_collide(Get, None, None));
+        assert!(req_route_mt_collide(Get, None, "text/html"));
+        assert!(req_route_mt_collide(Get, None, "application/json"));
+
+        assert!(req_route_mt_collide(Get, "text/html, text/plain", "text/html"));
+        assert!(req_route_mt_collide(Get, "text/html; q=0.5, text/xml", "text/xml"));
+
+        assert!(!req_route_mt_collide(Post, None, "text/html"));
+        assert!(!req_route_mt_collide(Post, None, "text/*"));
+        assert!(!req_route_mt_collide(Post, None, "*/text"));
+        assert!(!req_route_mt_collide(Post, None, "*/*"));
+        assert!(!req_route_mt_collide(Post, None, "text/html"));
+        assert!(!req_route_mt_collide(Post, None, "application/json"));
+
+        assert!(!req_route_mt_collide(Post, "application/json", "text/html"));
+        assert!(!req_route_mt_collide(Post, "application/json", "text/*"));
+        assert!(!req_route_mt_collide(Post, "application/json", "*/xml"));
+        assert!(!req_route_mt_collide(Get, "application/json", "text/html"));
+        assert!(!req_route_mt_collide(Get, "application/json", "text/*"));
+        assert!(!req_route_mt_collide(Get, "application/json", "*/xml"));
+
+        assert!(!req_route_mt_collide(Post, None, "text/html"));
+        assert!(!req_route_mt_collide(Post, None, "application/json"));
+    }
+
+    fn req_route_path_match(a: &'static str, b: &'static str) -> bool {
+        let rocket = Rocket::custom(Config::development());
+        let req = Request::new(&rocket, Get, Origin::parse(a).expect("valid URI"));
+        let route = Route::ranked(0, Get, b.to_string(), dummy_handler);
+        route.matches(&req)
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_req_route_query_collisions() {
+        assert!(req_route_path_match("/a/b?a=b", "/a/b?<c>"));
+        assert!(req_route_path_match("/a/b?a=b", "/<a>/b?<c>"));
+        assert!(req_route_path_match("/a/b?a=b", "/<a>/<b>?<c>"));
+        assert!(req_route_path_match("/a/b?a=b", "/a/<b>?<c>"));
+        assert!(req_route_path_match("/?b=c", "/?<b>"));
+
+        assert!(req_route_path_match("/a/b?a=b", "/a/b"));
+        assert!(req_route_path_match("/a/b", "/a/b"));
+        assert!(req_route_path_match("/a/b/c/d?", "/a/b/c/d"));
+        assert!(req_route_path_match("/a/b/c/d?v=1&v=2", "/a/b/c/d"));
+
+        assert!(req_route_path_match("/a/b", "/a/b?<c>"));
+        assert!(req_route_path_match("/a/b", "/a/b?<c..>"));
+        assert!(req_route_path_match("/a/b?c", "/a/b?c"));
+        assert!(req_route_path_match("/a/b?c", "/a/b?<c>"));
+        assert!(req_route_path_match("/a/b?c=foo&d=z", "/a/b?<c>"));
+        assert!(req_route_path_match("/a/b?c=foo&d=z", "/a/b?<c..>"));
+
+        assert!(req_route_path_match("/a/b?c=foo&d=z", "/a/b?c=foo&<c..>"));
+        assert!(req_route_path_match("/a/b?c=foo&d=z", "/a/b?d=z&<c..>"));
+
+        assert!(!req_route_path_match("/a/b/c", "/a/b?<c>"));
+        assert!(!req_route_path_match("/a?b=c", "/a/b?<c>"));
+        assert!(!req_route_path_match("/?b=c", "/a/b?<c>"));
+        assert!(!req_route_path_match("/?b=c", "/a?<c>"));
+
+        assert!(!req_route_path_match("/a/b?c=foo&d=z", "/a/b?a=b&<c..>"));
+        assert!(!req_route_path_match("/a/b?c=foo&d=z", "/a/b?d=b&<c..>"));
+        assert!(!req_route_path_match("/a/b", "/a/b?c"));
+        assert!(!req_route_path_match("/a/b", "/a/b?foo"));
+        assert!(!req_route_path_match("/a/b", "/a/b?foo&<rest..>"));
+        assert!(!req_route_path_match("/a/b", "/a/b?<a>&b&<rest..>"));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/router/mod.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/router/mod.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bf39009e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/router/mod.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,476 @@
+mod collider;
+mod route;
+
+use std::collections::hash_map::HashMap;
+
+pub use self::route::Route;
+
+use request::Request;
+use http::Method;
+
+// type Selector = (Method, usize);
+type Selector = Method;
+
+// A handler to use when one is needed temporarily.
+pub(crate) fn dummy_handler<'r>(r: &'r ::Request, _: ::Data) -> ::handler::Outcome<'r> {
+    ::Outcome::from(r, ())
+}
+
+#[derive(Default)]
+pub struct Router {
+    routes: HashMap<Selector, Vec<Route>>,
+}
+
+impl Router {
+    pub fn new() -> Router {
+        Router { routes: HashMap::new() }
+    }
+
+    pub fn add(&mut self, route: Route) {
+        let selector = route.method;
+        let entries = self.routes.entry(selector).or_insert_with(|| vec![]);
+        let i = entries.binary_search_by_key(&route.rank, |r| r.rank)
+            .unwrap_or_else(|i| i);
+
+        entries.insert(i, route);
+    }
+
+    pub fn route<'b>(&'b self, req: &Request) -> Vec<&'b Route> {
+        // Note that routes are presorted by rank on each `add`.
+        let matches = self.routes.get(&req.method()).map_or(vec![], |routes| {
+            routes.iter()
+                .filter(|r| r.matches(req))
+                .collect()
+        });
+
+        trace_!("Routing the request: {}", req);
+        trace_!("All matches: {:?}", matches);
+        matches
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn collisions(mut self) -> Result<Router, Vec<(Route, Route)>> {
+        let mut collisions = vec![];
+        for routes in self.routes.values_mut() {
+            for i in 0..routes.len() {
+                let (left, right) = routes.split_at_mut(i);
+                for a_route in left.iter_mut() {
+                    for b_route in right.iter_mut() {
+                        if a_route.collides_with(b_route) {
+                            let dummy_a = Route::new(Method::Get, "/", dummy_handler);
+                            let a = ::std::mem::replace(a_route, dummy_a);
+                            let dummy_b = Route::new(Method::Get, "/", dummy_handler);
+                            let b = ::std::mem::replace(b_route, dummy_b);
+                            collisions.push((a, b));
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if collisions.is_empty() {
+            Ok(self)
+        } else {
+            Err(collisions)
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn routes<'a>(&'a self) -> impl Iterator<Item=&'a Route> + 'a {
+        self.routes.values().flat_map(|v| v.iter())
+    }
+
+    // This is slow. Don't expose this publicly; only for tests.
+    #[cfg(test)]
+    fn has_collisions(&self) -> bool {
+        for routes in self.routes.values() {
+            for (i, a_route) in routes.iter().enumerate() {
+                for b_route in routes.iter().skip(i + 1) {
+                    if a_route.collides_with(b_route) {
+                        return true;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        false
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+    use super::{Router, Route, dummy_handler};
+
+    use rocket::Rocket;
+    use config::Config;
+    use http::Method;
+    use http::Method::*;
+    use http::uri::Origin;
+    use request::Request;
+
+    fn router_with_routes(routes: &[&'static str]) -> Router {
+        let mut router = Router::new();
+        for route in routes {
+            let route = Route::new(Get, route.to_string(), dummy_handler);
+            router.add(route);
+        }
+
+        router
+    }
+
+    fn router_with_ranked_routes(routes: &[(isize, &'static str)]) -> Router {
+        let mut router = Router::new();
+        for &(rank, route) in routes {
+            let route = Route::ranked(rank, Get, route.to_string(), dummy_handler);
+            router.add(route);
+        }
+
+        router
+    }
+
+    fn router_with_unranked_routes(routes: &[&'static str]) -> Router {
+        let mut router = Router::new();
+        for route in routes {
+            let route = Route::ranked(0, Get, route.to_string(), dummy_handler);
+            router.add(route);
+        }
+
+        router
+    }
+
+    fn unranked_route_collisions(routes: &[&'static str]) -> bool {
+        let router = router_with_unranked_routes(routes);
+        router.has_collisions()
+    }
+
+    fn default_rank_route_collisions(routes: &[&'static str]) -> bool {
+        let router = router_with_routes(routes);
+        router.has_collisions()
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_collisions() {
+        assert!(unranked_route_collisions(&["/hello", "/hello"]));
+        assert!(unranked_route_collisions(&["/<a>", "/hello"]));
+        assert!(unranked_route_collisions(&["/<a>", "/<b>"]));
+        assert!(unranked_route_collisions(&["/hello/bob", "/hello/<b>"]));
+        assert!(unranked_route_collisions(&["/a/b/<c>/d", "/<a>/<b>/c/d"]));
+        assert!(unranked_route_collisions(&["/a/b", "/<a..>"]));
+        assert!(unranked_route_collisions(&["/a/b/c", "/a/<a..>"]));
+        assert!(unranked_route_collisions(&["/<a>/b", "/a/<a..>"]));
+        assert!(unranked_route_collisions(&["/a/<b>", "/a/<a..>"]));
+        assert!(unranked_route_collisions(&["/a/b/<c>", "/a/<a..>"]));
+        assert!(unranked_route_collisions(&["/<a..>", "/a/<a..>"]));
+        assert!(unranked_route_collisions(&["/a/<a..>", "/a/<a..>"]));
+        assert!(unranked_route_collisions(&["/a/b/<a..>", "/a/<a..>"]));
+        assert!(unranked_route_collisions(&["/a/b/c/d", "/a/<a..>"]));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_collisions_normalize() {
+        assert!(unranked_route_collisions(&["/hello/", "/hello"]));
+        assert!(unranked_route_collisions(&["//hello/", "/hello"]));
+        assert!(unranked_route_collisions(&["//hello/", "/hello//"]));
+        assert!(unranked_route_collisions(&["/<a>", "/hello//"]));
+        assert!(unranked_route_collisions(&["/<a>", "/hello///"]));
+        assert!(unranked_route_collisions(&["/hello///bob", "/hello/<b>"]));
+        assert!(unranked_route_collisions(&["/<a..>//", "/a//<a..>"]));
+        assert!(unranked_route_collisions(&["/a/<a..>//", "/a/<a..>"]));
+        assert!(unranked_route_collisions(&["/a/<a..>//", "/a/b//c//d/"]));
+        assert!(unranked_route_collisions(&["/a/<a..>/", "/a/bd/e/"]));
+        assert!(unranked_route_collisions(&["/a/<a..>//", "/a/b//c//d/e/"]));
+        assert!(unranked_route_collisions(&["/a//<a..>//", "/a/b//c//d/e/"]));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_collisions_query() {
+        // Query shouldn't affect things when unranked.
+        assert!(unranked_route_collisions(&["/hello?<foo>", "/hello"]));
+        assert!(unranked_route_collisions(&["/<a>?foo=bar", "/hello?foo=bar&cat=fat"]));
+        assert!(unranked_route_collisions(&["/<a>?foo=bar", "/hello?foo=bar&cat=fat"]));
+        assert!(unranked_route_collisions(&["/<a>", "/<b>?<foo>"]));
+        assert!(unranked_route_collisions(&["/hello/bob?a=b", "/hello/<b>?d=e"]));
+        assert!(unranked_route_collisions(&["/<foo>?a=b", "/foo?d=e"]));
+        assert!(unranked_route_collisions(&["/<foo>?a=b&<c>", "/<foo>?d=e&<c>"]));
+        assert!(unranked_route_collisions(&["/<foo>?a=b&<c>", "/<foo>?d=e"]));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_no_collisions() {
+        assert!(!unranked_route_collisions(&["/<a>", "/a/<a..>"]));
+        assert!(!unranked_route_collisions(&["/a/b", "/a/b/c"]));
+        assert!(!unranked_route_collisions(&["/a/b/c/d", "/a/b/c/<d>/e"]));
+        assert!(!unranked_route_collisions(&["/a/d/<b..>", "/a/b/c"]));
+        assert!(!unranked_route_collisions(&["/a/d/<b..>", "/a/d"]));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_no_collision_when_ranked() {
+        assert!(!default_rank_route_collisions(&["/<a>", "/hello"]));
+        assert!(!default_rank_route_collisions(&["/hello/bob", "/hello/<b>"]));
+        assert!(!default_rank_route_collisions(&["/a/b/c/d", "/<a>/<b>/c/d"]));
+        assert!(!default_rank_route_collisions(&["/hi", "/<hi>"]));
+        assert!(!default_rank_route_collisions(&["/hi", "/<hi>"]));
+        assert!(!default_rank_route_collisions(&["/a/b", "/a/b/<c..>"]));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_collision_when_ranked_query() {
+        assert!(default_rank_route_collisions(&["/a?a=b", "/a?c=d"]));
+        assert!(default_rank_route_collisions(&["/<foo>?a=b", "/<foo>?c=d&<d>"]));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_no_collision_when_ranked_query() {
+        assert!(!default_rank_route_collisions(&["/", "/?<c..>"]));
+        assert!(!default_rank_route_collisions(&["/hi", "/hi?<c>"]));
+        assert!(!default_rank_route_collisions(&["/hi", "/hi?c"]));
+        assert!(!default_rank_route_collisions(&["/hi?<c>", "/hi?c"]));
+    }
+
+    fn route<'a>(router: &'a Router, method: Method, uri: &str) -> Option<&'a Route> {
+        let rocket = Rocket::custom(Config::development());
+        let request = Request::new(&rocket, method, Origin::parse(uri).unwrap());
+        let matches = router.route(&request);
+        if matches.len() > 0 {
+            Some(matches[0])
+        } else {
+            None
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn matches<'a>(router: &'a Router, method: Method, uri: &str) -> Vec<&'a Route> {
+        let rocket = Rocket::custom(Config::development());
+        let request = Request::new(&rocket, method, Origin::parse(uri).unwrap());
+        router.route(&request)
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_ok_routing() {
+        let router = router_with_routes(&["/hello"]);
+        assert!(route(&router, Get, "/hello").is_some());
+
+        let router = router_with_routes(&["/<a>"]);
+        assert!(route(&router, Get, "/hello").is_some());
+        assert!(route(&router, Get, "/hi").is_some());
+        assert!(route(&router, Get, "/bobbbbbbbbbby").is_some());
+        assert!(route(&router, Get, "/dsfhjasdf").is_some());
+
+        let router = router_with_routes(&["/<a>/<b>"]);
+        assert!(route(&router, Get, "/hello/hi").is_some());
+        assert!(route(&router, Get, "/a/b/").is_some());
+        assert!(route(&router, Get, "/i/a").is_some());
+        assert!(route(&router, Get, "/jdlk/asdij").is_some());
+
+        let mut router = Router::new();
+        router.add(Route::new(Put, "/hello".to_string(), dummy_handler));
+        router.add(Route::new(Post, "/hello".to_string(), dummy_handler));
+        router.add(Route::new(Delete, "/hello".to_string(), dummy_handler));
+        assert!(route(&router, Put, "/hello").is_some());
+        assert!(route(&router, Post, "/hello").is_some());
+        assert!(route(&router, Delete, "/hello").is_some());
+
+        let router = router_with_routes(&["/<a..>"]);
+        assert!(route(&router, Get, "/hello/hi").is_some());
+        assert!(route(&router, Get, "/a/b/").is_some());
+        assert!(route(&router, Get, "/i/a").is_some());
+        assert!(route(&router, Get, "/a/b/c/d/e/f").is_some());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_err_routing() {
+        let router = router_with_routes(&["/hello"]);
+        assert!(route(&router, Put, "/hello").is_none());
+        assert!(route(&router, Post, "/hello").is_none());
+        assert!(route(&router, Options, "/hello").is_none());
+        assert!(route(&router, Get, "/hell").is_none());
+        assert!(route(&router, Get, "/hi").is_none());
+        assert!(route(&router, Get, "/hello/there").is_none());
+        assert!(route(&router, Get, "/hello/i").is_none());
+        assert!(route(&router, Get, "/hillo").is_none());
+
+        let router = router_with_routes(&["/<a>"]);
+        assert!(route(&router, Put, "/hello").is_none());
+        assert!(route(&router, Post, "/hello").is_none());
+        assert!(route(&router, Options, "/hello").is_none());
+        assert!(route(&router, Get, "/hello/there").is_none());
+        assert!(route(&router, Get, "/hello/i").is_none());
+
+        let router = router_with_routes(&["/<a>/<b>"]);
+        assert!(route(&router, Get, "/a/b/c").is_none());
+        assert!(route(&router, Get, "/a").is_none());
+        assert!(route(&router, Get, "/a/").is_none());
+        assert!(route(&router, Get, "/a/b/c/d").is_none());
+        assert!(route(&router, Put, "/hello/hi").is_none());
+        assert!(route(&router, Put, "/a/b").is_none());
+        assert!(route(&router, Put, "/a/b").is_none());
+    }
+
+    macro_rules! assert_ranked_routes {
+        ($routes:expr, $to:expr, $want:expr) => ({
+            let router = router_with_routes($routes);
+            let route_path = route(&router, Get, $to).unwrap().uri.to_string();
+            assert_eq!(route_path, $want.to_string());
+        })
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_default_ranking() {
+        assert_ranked_routes!(&["/hello", "/<name>"], "/hello", "/hello");
+        assert_ranked_routes!(&["/<name>", "/hello"], "/hello", "/hello");
+        assert_ranked_routes!(&["/<a>", "/hi", "/<b>"], "/hi", "/hi");
+        assert_ranked_routes!(&["/<a>/b", "/hi/c"], "/hi/c", "/hi/c");
+        assert_ranked_routes!(&["/<a>/<b>", "/hi/a"], "/hi/c", "/<a>/<b>");
+        assert_ranked_routes!(&["/hi/a", "/hi/<c>"], "/hi/c", "/hi/<c>");
+        assert_ranked_routes!(&["/a", "/a?<b>"], "/a?b=c", "/a?<b>");
+        assert_ranked_routes!(&["/a", "/a?<b>"], "/a", "/a?<b>");
+        assert_ranked_routes!(&["/a", "/<a>", "/a?<b>", "/<a>?<b>"], "/a", "/a?<b>");
+        assert_ranked_routes!(&["/a", "/<a>", "/a?<b>", "/<a>?<b>"], "/b", "/<a>?<b>");
+        assert_ranked_routes!(&["/a", "/<a>", "/a?<b>", "/<a>?<b>"], "/b?v=1", "/<a>?<b>");
+        assert_ranked_routes!(&["/a", "/<a>", "/a?<b>", "/<a>?<b>"], "/a?b=c", "/a?<b>");
+        assert_ranked_routes!(&["/a", "/a?b"], "/a?b", "/a?b");
+        assert_ranked_routes!(&["/<a>", "/a?b"], "/a?b", "/a?b");
+        assert_ranked_routes!(&["/a", "/<a>?b"], "/a?b", "/a");
+        assert_ranked_routes!(&["/a?<c>&b", "/a?<b>"], "/a", "/a?<b>");
+        assert_ranked_routes!(&["/a?<c>&b", "/a?<b>"], "/a?b", "/a?<c>&b");
+        assert_ranked_routes!(&["/a?<c>&b", "/a?<b>"], "/a?c", "/a?<b>");
+    }
+
+    fn ranked_collisions(routes: &[(isize, &'static str)]) -> bool {
+        let router = router_with_ranked_routes(routes);
+        router.has_collisions()
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_no_manual_ranked_collisions() {
+        assert!(!ranked_collisions(&[(1, "/a/<b>"), (2, "/a/<b>")]));
+        assert!(!ranked_collisions(&[(0, "/a/<b>"), (2, "/a/<b>")]));
+        assert!(!ranked_collisions(&[(5, "/a/<b>"), (2, "/a/<b>")]));
+        assert!(!ranked_collisions(&[(1, "/a/<b>"), (1, "/b/<b>")]));
+        assert!(!ranked_collisions(&[(1, "/a/<b..>"), (2, "/a/<b..>")]));
+        assert!(!ranked_collisions(&[(0, "/a/<b..>"), (2, "/a/<b..>")]));
+        assert!(!ranked_collisions(&[(5, "/a/<b..>"), (2, "/a/<b..>")]));
+        assert!(!ranked_collisions(&[(1, "/<a..>"), (2, "/<a..>")]));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_ranked_collisions() {
+        assert!(ranked_collisions(&[(2, "/a/<b..>"), (2, "/a/<b..>")]));
+        assert!(ranked_collisions(&[(2, "/a/c/<b..>"), (2, "/a/<b..>")]));
+        assert!(ranked_collisions(&[(2, "/<b..>"), (2, "/a/<b..>")]));
+    }
+
+    macro_rules! assert_ranked_routing {
+        (to: $to:expr, with: $routes:expr, expect: $($want:expr),+) => ({
+            let router = router_with_ranked_routes(&$routes);
+            let routed_to = matches(&router, Get, $to);
+            let expected = &[$($want),+];
+            assert!(routed_to.len() == expected.len());
+            for (got, expected) in routed_to.iter().zip(expected.iter()) {
+                assert_eq!(got.rank, expected.0);
+                assert_eq!(got.uri.to_string(), expected.1.to_string());
+            }
+        })
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_ranked_routing() {
+        assert_ranked_routing!(
+            to: "/a/b",
+            with: [(1, "/a/<b>"), (2, "/a/<b>")],
+            expect: (1, "/a/<b>"), (2, "/a/<b>")
+        );
+
+        assert_ranked_routing!(
+            to: "/b/b",
+            with: [(1, "/a/<b>"), (2, "/b/<b>"), (3, "/b/b")],
+            expect: (2, "/b/<b>"), (3, "/b/b")
+        );
+
+        assert_ranked_routing!(
+            to: "/b/b",
+            with: [(2, "/b/<b>"), (1, "/a/<b>"), (3, "/b/b")],
+            expect: (2, "/b/<b>"), (3, "/b/b")
+        );
+
+        assert_ranked_routing!(
+            to: "/b/b",
+            with: [(3, "/b/b"), (2, "/b/<b>"), (1, "/a/<b>")],
+            expect: (2, "/b/<b>"), (3, "/b/b")
+        );
+
+        assert_ranked_routing!(
+            to: "/b/b",
+            with: [(1, "/a/<b>"), (2, "/b/<b>"), (0, "/b/b")],
+            expect: (0, "/b/b"), (2, "/b/<b>")
+        );
+
+        assert_ranked_routing!(
+            to: "/profile/sergio/edit",
+            with: [(1, "/<a>/<b>/edit"), (2, "/profile/<d>"), (0, "/<a>/<b>/<c>")],
+            expect: (0, "/<a>/<b>/<c>"), (1, "/<a>/<b>/edit")
+        );
+
+        assert_ranked_routing!(
+            to: "/profile/sergio/edit",
+            with: [(0, "/<a>/<b>/edit"), (2, "/profile/<d>"), (5, "/<a>/<b>/<c>")],
+            expect: (0, "/<a>/<b>/edit"), (5, "/<a>/<b>/<c>")
+        );
+
+        assert_ranked_routing!(
+            to: "/a/b",
+            with: [(0, "/a/b"), (1, "/a/<b..>")],
+            expect: (0, "/a/b"), (1, "/a/<b..>")
+        );
+
+        assert_ranked_routing!(
+            to: "/a/b/c/d/e/f",
+            with: [(1, "/a/<b..>"), (2, "/a/b/<c..>")],
+            expect: (1, "/a/<b..>"), (2, "/a/b/<c..>")
+        );
+    }
+
+    macro_rules! assert_default_ranked_routing {
+        (to: $to:expr, with: $routes:expr, expect: $($want:expr),+) => ({
+            let router = router_with_routes(&$routes);
+            let routed_to = matches(&router, Get, $to);
+            let expected = &[$($want),+];
+            assert!(routed_to.len() == expected.len());
+            for (got, expected) in routed_to.iter().zip(expected.iter()) {
+                assert_eq!(got.uri.to_string(), expected.to_string());
+            }
+        })
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_default_ranked_routing() {
+        assert_default_ranked_routing!(
+            to: "/a/b?v=1",
+            with: ["/a/<b>", "/a/b"],
+            expect: "/a/b", "/a/<b>"
+        );
+
+        assert_default_ranked_routing!(
+            to: "/a/b?v=1",
+            with: ["/a/<b>", "/a/b", "/a/b?<v>"],
+            expect: "/a/b?<v>", "/a/b", "/a/<b>"
+        );
+
+        assert_default_ranked_routing!(
+            to: "/a/b?v=1",
+            with: ["/a/<b>", "/a/b", "/a/b?<v>", "/a/<b>?<v>"],
+            expect: "/a/b?<v>", "/a/b", "/a/<b>?<v>", "/a/<b>"
+        );
+
+        assert_default_ranked_routing!(
+            to: "/a/b",
+            with: ["/a/<b>", "/a/b", "/a/b?<v>", "/a/<b>?<v>"],
+            expect: "/a/b?<v>", "/a/b", "/a/<b>?<v>", "/a/<b>"
+        );
+
+        assert_default_ranked_routing!(
+            to: "/a/b?c",
+            with: ["/a/b", "/a/b?<c>", "/a/b?c", "/a/<b>?c", "/a/<b>?<c>", "/<a>/<b>"],
+            expect: "/a/b?c", "/a/b?<c>", "/a/b", "/a/<b>?c", "/a/<b>?<c>", "/<a>/<b>"
+        );
+    }
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/router/route.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/router/route.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..dfee3202
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/src/router/route.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,331 @@
+use std::fmt::{self, Display};
+use std::convert::From;
+
+use yansi::Paint;
+
+use codegen::StaticRouteInfo;
+use handler::Handler;
+use http::{Method, MediaType};
+use http::route::{RouteSegment, Kind};
+use error::RouteUriError;
+use http::ext::IntoOwned;
+use http::uri::{Origin, Path, Query};
+
+/// A route: a method, its handler, path, rank, and format/media type.
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct Route {
+    /// The name of this route, if one was given.
+    pub name: Option<&'static str>,
+    /// The method this route matches against.
+    pub method: Method,
+    /// The function that should be called when the route matches.
+    pub handler: Box<dyn Handler>,
+    /// The base mount point of this `Route`.
+    pub base: Origin<'static>,
+    /// The uri (in Rocket's route format) that should be matched against. This
+    /// URI already includes the base mount point.
+    pub uri: Origin<'static>,
+    /// The rank of this route. Lower ranks have higher priorities.
+    pub rank: isize,
+    /// The media type this route matches against, if any.
+    pub format: Option<MediaType>,
+    /// Cached metadata that aids in routing later.
+    pub(crate) metadata: Metadata
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Default, Clone)]
+pub(crate) struct Metadata {
+    pub(crate) path_segments: Vec<RouteSegment<'static, Path>>,
+    pub(crate) query_segments: Option<Vec<RouteSegment<'static, Query>>>,
+    pub(crate) fully_dynamic_query: bool,
+}
+
+impl Metadata {
+    fn from(route: &Route) -> Result<Metadata, RouteUriError> {
+        let path_segments = <RouteSegment<Path>>::parse(&route.uri)
+            .map(|res| res.map(|s| s.into_owned()))
+            .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()?;
+
+        let (query_segments, dyn) = match <RouteSegment<Query>>::parse(&route.uri) {
+            Some(results) => {
+                let segments = results.map(|res| res.map(|s| s.into_owned()))
+                    .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()?;
+
+                let dynamic = !segments.iter().any(|s| s.kind == Kind::Static);
+
+                (Some(segments), dynamic)
+            }
+            None => (None, true)
+        };
+
+        Ok(Metadata { path_segments, query_segments, fully_dynamic_query: dyn })
+    }
+}
+
+#[inline(always)]
+fn default_rank(route: &Route) -> isize {
+    let static_path = route.metadata.path_segments.iter().all(|s| s.kind == Kind::Static);
+    let partly_static_query = route.uri.query().map(|_| !route.metadata.fully_dynamic_query);
+    match (static_path, partly_static_query) {
+        (true, Some(true)) => -6,   // static path, partly static query
+        (true, Some(false)) => -5,  // static path, fully dynamic query
+        (true, None) => -4,         // static path, no query
+        (false, Some(true)) => -3,  // dynamic path, partly static query
+        (false, Some(false)) => -2, // dynamic path, fully dynamic query
+        (false, None) => -1,        // dynamic path, no query
+    }
+}
+
+fn panic<U: Display, E: Display, T>(uri: U, e: E) -> T {
+    panic!("invalid URI '{}' used to construct route: {}", uri, e)
+}
+
+impl Route {
+    /// Creates a new route with the given method, path, and handler with a base
+    /// of `/`.
+    ///
+    /// # Ranking
+    ///
+    /// The route's rank is set so that routes with static paths (no dynamic
+    /// parameters) are ranked higher than routes with dynamic paths, routes
+    /// with query strings with static segments are ranked higher than routes
+    /// with fully dynamic queries, and routes with queries are ranked higher
+    /// than routes without queries. This default ranking is summarized by the
+    /// table below:
+    ///
+    /// | static path | query         | rank |
+    /// |-------------|---------------|------|
+    /// | yes         | partly static | -6   |
+    /// | yes         | fully dynamic | -5   |
+    /// | yes         | none          | -4   |
+    /// | no          | partly static | -3   |
+    /// | no          | fully dynamic | -2   |
+    /// | no          | none          | -1   |
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::Route;
+    /// use rocket::http::Method;
+    /// # use rocket::{Request, Data};
+    /// # use rocket::handler::Outcome;
+    /// # fn handler<'r>(request: &'r Request, _data: Data) -> Outcome<'r> {
+    /// #     Outcome::from(request, "Hello, world!")
+    /// # }
+    ///
+    /// // this is rank -6 (static path, ~static query)
+    /// let route = Route::new(Method::Get, "/foo?bar=baz&<zoo>", handler);
+    /// assert_eq!(route.rank, -6);
+    ///
+    /// // this is rank -5 (static path, fully dynamic query)
+    /// let route = Route::new(Method::Get, "/foo?<zoo..>", handler);
+    /// assert_eq!(route.rank, -5);
+    ///
+    /// // this is a rank -4 route (static path, no query)
+    /// let route = Route::new(Method::Get, "/", handler);
+    /// assert_eq!(route.rank, -4);
+    ///
+    /// // this is a rank -3 route (dynamic path, ~static query)
+    /// let route = Route::new(Method::Get, "/foo/<bar>?blue", handler);
+    /// assert_eq!(route.rank, -3);
+    ///
+    /// // this is a rank -2 route (dynamic path, fully dynamic query)
+    /// let route = Route::new(Method::Get, "/<bar>?<blue>", handler);
+    /// assert_eq!(route.rank, -2);
+    ///
+    /// // this is a rank -1 route (dynamic path, no query)
+    /// let route = Route::new(Method::Get, "/<bar>/foo/<baz..>", handler);
+    /// assert_eq!(route.rank, -1);
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// # Panics
+    ///
+    /// Panics if `path` is not a valid origin URI or Rocket route URI.
+    pub fn new<S, H>(method: Method, path: S, handler: H) -> Route
+        where S: AsRef<str>, H: Handler + 'static
+    {
+        let mut route = Route::ranked(0, method, path, handler);
+        route.rank = default_rank(&route);
+        route
+    }
+
+    /// Creates a new route with the given rank, method, path, and handler with
+    /// a base of `/`.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::Route;
+    /// use rocket::http::Method;
+    /// # use rocket::{Request, Data};
+    /// # use rocket::handler::Outcome;
+    /// # fn handler<'r>(request: &'r Request, _data: Data) -> Outcome<'r> {
+    /// #     Outcome::from(request, "Hello, world!")
+    /// # }
+    ///
+    /// // this is a rank 1 route matching requests to `GET /`
+    /// let index = Route::ranked(1, Method::Get, "/", handler);
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// # Panics
+    ///
+    /// Panics if `path` is not a valid origin URI or Rocket route URI.
+    pub fn ranked<S, H>(rank: isize, method: Method, path: S, handler: H) -> Route
+        where S: AsRef<str>, H: Handler + 'static
+    {
+        let path = path.as_ref();
+        let uri = Origin::parse_route(path)
+            .unwrap_or_else(|e| panic(path, e))
+            .to_normalized()
+            .into_owned();
+
+        let mut route = Route {
+            name: None,
+            format: None,
+            base: Origin::dummy(),
+            handler: Box::new(handler),
+            metadata: Metadata::default(),
+            method, rank, uri
+        };
+
+        route.update_metadata().unwrap_or_else(|e| panic(path, e));
+        route
+    }
+
+    /// Updates the cached routing metadata. MUST be called whenver the route's
+    /// URI is set or changes.
+    fn update_metadata(&mut self) -> Result<(), RouteUriError> {
+        let new_metadata = Metadata::from(&*self)?;
+        self.metadata = new_metadata;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Retrieves the path of the base mount point of this route as an `&str`.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::Route;
+    /// use rocket::http::Method;
+    /// # use rocket::{Request, Data};
+    /// # use rocket::handler::Outcome;
+    /// #
+    /// # fn handler<'r>(request: &'r Request, _data: Data) -> Outcome<'r> {
+    /// #     Outcome::from(request, "Hello, world!")
+    /// # }
+    ///
+    /// let mut index = Route::new(Method::Get, "/", handler);
+    /// assert_eq!(index.base(), "/");
+    /// assert_eq!(index.base.path(), "/");
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn base(&self) -> &str {
+        self.base.path()
+    }
+
+    /// Sets the base mount point of the route to `base` and sets the path to
+    /// `path`. The `path` should _not_ contains the `base` mount point. If
+    /// `base` contains a query, it is ignored. Note that `self.uri` will
+    /// include the new `base` after this method is called.
+    ///
+    /// # Errors
+    ///
+    /// Returns an error if any of the following occur:
+    ///
+    ///   * The base mount point contains dynamic parameters.
+    ///   * The base mount point or path contain encoded characters.
+    ///   * The path is not a valid Rocket route URI.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use rocket::Route;
+    /// use rocket::http::{Method, uri::Origin};
+    /// # use rocket::{Request, Data};
+    /// # use rocket::handler::Outcome;
+    /// #
+    /// # fn handler<'r>(request: &'r Request, _data: Data) -> Outcome<'r> {
+    /// #     Outcome::from(request, "Hello, world!")
+    /// # }
+    ///
+    /// let mut index = Route::new(Method::Get, "/", handler);
+    /// assert_eq!(index.base(), "/");
+    /// assert_eq!(index.base.path(), "/");
+    ///
+    /// let new_base = Origin::parse("/greeting").unwrap();
+    /// let new_uri = Origin::parse("/hi").unwrap();
+    /// index.set_uri(new_base, new_uri);
+    /// assert_eq!(index.base(), "/greeting");
+    /// assert_eq!(index.uri.path(), "/greeting/hi");
+    /// ```
+    pub fn set_uri<'a>(
+        &mut self,
+        mut base: Origin<'a>,
+        path: Origin<'a>
+    ) -> Result<(), RouteUriError> {
+        base.clear_query();
+        for segment in <RouteSegment<Path>>::parse(&base) {
+            if segment?.kind != Kind::Static {
+                return Err(RouteUriError::DynamicBase);
+            }
+        }
+
+        let complete_uri = format!("{}/{}", base, path);
+        let uri = Origin::parse_route(&complete_uri)?;
+        self.base = base.to_normalized().into_owned();
+        self.uri = uri.to_normalized().into_owned();
+        self.update_metadata()?;
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+impl fmt::Display for Route {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+        write!(f, "{} {}", Paint::green(&self.method), Paint::blue(&self.uri))?;
+
+        if self.rank > 1 {
+            write!(f, " [{}]", Paint::default(&self.rank).bold())?;
+        }
+
+        if let Some(ref format) = self.format {
+            write!(f, " {}", Paint::yellow(format))?;
+        }
+
+        if let Some(name) = self.name {
+            write!(f, " {}{}{}",
+                   Paint::cyan("("), Paint::magenta(name), Paint::cyan(")"))?;
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+impl fmt::Debug for Route {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+        f.debug_struct("Route")
+            .field("name", &self.name)
+            .field("method", &self.method)
+            .field("base", &self.base)
+            .field("uri", &self.uri)
+            .field("rank", &self.rank)
+            .field("format", &self.format)
+            .field("metadata", &self.metadata)
+            .finish()
+    }
+}
+
+#[doc(hidden)]
+impl<'a> From<&'a StaticRouteInfo> for Route {
+    fn from(info: &'a StaticRouteInfo) -> Route {
+        // This should never panic since `info.path` is statically checked.
+        let mut route = Route::new(info.method, info.path, info.handler);
+        route.format = info.format.clone();
+        route.name = Some(info.name);
+        if let Some(rank) = info.rank {
+            route.rank = rank;
+        }
+
+        route
+    }
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/tests/absolute-uris-okay-issue-443.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/tests/absolute-uris-okay-issue-443.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b8ad8692
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/tests/absolute-uris-okay-issue-443.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+#![feature(proc_macro_hygiene, decl_macro)]
+
+#[macro_use] extern crate rocket;
+
+use rocket::response::Redirect;
+
+#[get("/google")]
+fn google() -> Redirect {
+    Redirect::to("https://www.google.com")
+}
+
+#[get("/rocket")]
+fn rocket() -> Redirect {
+    Redirect::to("https://rocket.rs:80")
+}
+
+mod test_absolute_uris_okay {
+    use super::*;
+    use rocket::local::Client;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn redirect_works() {
+        let rocket = rocket::ignite().mount("/", routes![google, rocket]);
+        let client = Client::new(rocket).unwrap();
+
+        let response = client.get("/google").dispatch();
+        let location = response.headers().get_one("Location");
+        assert_eq!(location, Some("https://www.google.com"));
+
+        let response = client.get("/rocket").dispatch();
+        let location = response.headers().get_one("Location");
+        assert_eq!(location, Some("https://rocket.rs:80"));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/tests/catcher-cookies-1213.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/tests/catcher-cookies-1213.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c604332b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/tests/catcher-cookies-1213.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+#![feature(proc_macro_hygiene, decl_macro)]
+
+#[macro_use] extern crate rocket;
+
+use rocket::request::Request;
+use rocket::http::{Cookie, Cookies};
+
+#[catch(404)]
+fn not_found(request: &Request) -> &'static str {
+    request.cookies().add(Cookie::new("not_found", "hi"));
+    "404 - Not Found"
+}
+
+#[get("/")]
+fn index(mut cookies: Cookies) -> &'static str {
+    cookies.add(Cookie::new("index", "hi"));
+    "Hello, world!"
+}
+
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use rocket::local::Client;
+    use rocket::fairing::AdHoc;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn error_catcher_sets_cookies() {
+        let rocket = rocket::ignite()
+            .mount("/", routes![index])
+            .register(catchers![not_found])
+            .attach(AdHoc::on_request("Add Fairing Cookie", |req, _| {
+                req.cookies().add(Cookie::new("fairing", "hi"));
+            }));
+
+        let client = Client::new(rocket).unwrap();
+
+        // Check that the index returns the `index` and `fairing` cookie.
+        let response = client.get("/").dispatch();
+        let cookies = response.cookies();
+        assert_eq!(cookies.len(), 2);
+        assert!(cookies.iter().find(|c| c.name() == "index").is_some());
+        assert!(cookies.iter().find(|c| c.name() == "fairing").is_some());
+
+        // Check that the catcher returns only the `not_found` cookie.
+        let response = client.get("/not-existent").dispatch();
+        assert_eq!(response.cookies(), vec![Cookie::new("not_found", "hi")]);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/tests/conditionally-set-server-header-996.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/tests/conditionally-set-server-header-996.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4c18ab67
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/tests/conditionally-set-server-header-996.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+#![feature(proc_macro_hygiene, decl_macro)]
+
+#[macro_use] extern crate rocket;
+
+use rocket::Response;
+use rocket::http::Header;
+
+#[get("/do_not_overwrite")]
+fn do_not_overwrite() -> Response<'static> {
+    Response::build()
+        .header(Header::new("Server", "Test"))
+        .finalize()
+}
+
+#[get("/use_default")]
+fn use_default() { }
+
+mod conditionally_set_server_header {
+    use super::*;
+    use rocket::local::Client;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn do_not_overwrite_server_header() {
+        let rocket = rocket::ignite().mount("/", routes![do_not_overwrite, use_default]);
+        let client = Client::new(rocket).unwrap();
+
+        let response = client.get("/do_not_overwrite").dispatch();
+        let server = response.headers().get_one("Server");
+        assert_eq!(server, Some("Test"));
+
+        let response = client.get("/use_default").dispatch();
+        let server = response.headers().get_one("Server");
+        assert_eq!(server, Some("Rocket"));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/tests/derive-reexports.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/tests/derive-reexports.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..43eaeb49
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/tests/derive-reexports.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+#![feature(proc_macro_hygiene, decl_macro)]
+
+extern crate rocket;
+
+use rocket::{get, routes};
+use rocket::request::{Form, FromForm, FromFormValue};
+use rocket::response::Responder;
+
+#[derive(FromFormValue)]
+enum Thing {
+    A,
+    B,
+    C,
+}
+
+impl std::fmt::Display for Thing {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        match *self {
+            Thing::A => write!(f, "a"),
+            Thing::B => write!(f, "b"),
+            Thing::C => write!(f, "c"),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(FromForm)]
+struct ThingForm {
+    thing: Thing,
+}
+
+#[derive(Responder)]
+struct DerivedResponder {
+    data: String,
+}
+
+#[get("/")]
+fn index() -> DerivedResponder {
+    DerivedResponder { data: "hello".to_string() }
+}
+
+#[get("/?<params..>")]
+fn number(params: Form<ThingForm>) -> DerivedResponder {
+    DerivedResponder { data: params.thing.to_string() }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_derive_reexports() {
+    use rocket::local::Client;
+
+    let rocket = rocket::ignite().mount("/", routes![index, number]);
+    let client = Client::new(rocket).unwrap();
+
+    let mut response = client.get("/").dispatch();
+    assert_eq!(response.body_string().unwrap(), "hello");
+
+    let mut response = client.get("/?thing=b").dispatch();
+    assert_eq!(response.body_string().unwrap(), "b");
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/tests/fairing_before_head_strip-issue-546.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/tests/fairing_before_head_strip-issue-546.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..80e9d7e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/tests/fairing_before_head_strip-issue-546.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+#![feature(proc_macro_hygiene, decl_macro)]
+
+#[macro_use] extern crate rocket;
+
+const RESPONSE_STRING: &'static str = "This is the body. Hello, world!";
+
+#[head("/")]
+fn head() -> &'static str {
+    RESPONSE_STRING
+}
+
+#[get("/")]
+fn auto() -> &'static str {
+    RESPONSE_STRING
+}
+
+// Test that response fairings see the response body for all `HEAD` requests,
+// whether they are auto-handled or not.
+mod fairing_before_head_strip {
+    use super::*;
+    use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicUsize, Ordering};
+
+    use rocket::fairing::AdHoc;
+    use rocket::http::Method;
+    use rocket::local::Client;
+    use rocket::http::Status;
+    use rocket::State;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn not_auto_handled() {
+        let rocket = rocket::ignite()
+            .mount("/", routes![head])
+            .attach(AdHoc::on_request("Check HEAD", |req, _| {
+                assert_eq!(req.method(), Method::Head);
+            }))
+            .attach(AdHoc::on_response("Check HEAD 2", |req, res| {
+                assert_eq!(req.method(), Method::Head);
+                assert_eq!(res.body_string(), Some(RESPONSE_STRING.into()));
+            }));
+
+        let client = Client::new(rocket).unwrap();
+        let mut response = client.head("/").dispatch();
+        assert_eq!(response.status(), Status::Ok);
+        assert!(response.body().is_none());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn auto_handled() {
+        #[derive(Default)]
+        struct Counter(AtomicUsize);
+
+        let counter = Counter::default();
+        let rocket = rocket::ignite()
+            .mount("/", routes![auto])
+            .manage(counter)
+            .attach(AdHoc::on_request("Check HEAD + Count", |req, _| {
+                assert_eq!(req.method(), Method::Head);
+
+                // This should be called exactly once.
+                let c = req.guard::<State<Counter>>().unwrap();
+                assert_eq!(c.0.fetch_add(1, Ordering::SeqCst), 0);
+            }))
+            .attach(AdHoc::on_response("Check GET", |req, res| {
+                assert_eq!(req.method(), Method::Get);
+                assert_eq!(res.body_string(), Some(RESPONSE_STRING.into()));
+            }));
+
+        let client = Client::new(rocket).unwrap();
+        let mut response = client.head("/").dispatch();
+        assert_eq!(response.status(), Status::Ok);
+        assert!(response.body().is_none());
+    }
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/tests/flash-lazy-removes-issue-466.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/tests/flash-lazy-removes-issue-466.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5e81bf79
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/tests/flash-lazy-removes-issue-466.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+#![feature(proc_macro_hygiene, decl_macro)]
+
+#[macro_use] extern crate rocket;
+
+use rocket::request::FlashMessage;
+use rocket::response::Flash;
+
+const FLASH_MESSAGE: &str = "Hey! I'm a flash message. :)";
+
+#[post("/")]
+fn set() -> Flash<&'static str> {
+    Flash::success("This is the page.", FLASH_MESSAGE)
+}
+
+#[get("/unused")]
+fn unused(flash: Option<FlashMessage>) -> Option<()> {
+    flash.map(|_| ())
+}
+
+#[get("/use")]
+fn used(flash: Option<FlashMessage>) -> Option<String> {
+    flash.map(|flash| flash.msg().into())
+}
+
+mod flash_lazy_remove_tests {
+    use rocket::local::Client;
+    use rocket::http::Status;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test() {
+        use super::*;
+        let r = rocket::ignite().mount("/", routes![set, unused, used]);
+        let client = Client::new(r).unwrap();
+
+        // Ensure the cookie's not there at first.
+        let response = client.get("/unused").dispatch();
+        assert_eq!(response.status(), Status::NotFound);
+
+        // Set the flash cookie.
+        client.post("/").dispatch();
+
+        // Try once.
+        let response = client.get("/unused").dispatch();
+        assert_eq!(response.status(), Status::Ok);
+
+        // Try again; should still be there.
+        let response = client.get("/unused").dispatch();
+        assert_eq!(response.status(), Status::Ok);
+
+        // Now use it.
+        let mut response = client.get("/use").dispatch();
+        assert_eq!(response.body_string(), Some(FLASH_MESSAGE.into()));
+
+        // Now it should be gone.
+        let response = client.get("/unused").dispatch();
+        assert_eq!(response.status(), Status::NotFound);
+
+        // Still gone.
+        let response = client.get("/use").dispatch();
+        assert_eq!(response.status(), Status::NotFound);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/tests/form_method-issue-45.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/tests/form_method-issue-45.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4eb5fc97
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/tests/form_method-issue-45.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+#![feature(proc_macro_hygiene, decl_macro)]
+
+#[macro_use] extern crate rocket;
+
+use rocket::request::Form;
+
+#[derive(FromForm)]
+struct FormData {
+    form_data: String,
+}
+
+#[patch("/", data = "<form_data>")]
+fn bug(form_data: Form<FormData>) -> &'static str {
+    assert_eq!("Form data", form_data.form_data);
+    "OK"
+}
+
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use rocket::local::Client;
+    use rocket::http::{Status, ContentType};
+
+    #[test]
+    fn method_eval() {
+        let client = Client::new(rocket::ignite().mount("/", routes![bug])).unwrap();
+        let mut response = client.post("/")
+            .header(ContentType::Form)
+            .body("_method=patch&form_data=Form+data")
+            .dispatch();
+
+        assert_eq!(response.body_string(), Some("OK".into()));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn get_passes_through() {
+        let client = Client::new(rocket::ignite().mount("/", routes![bug])).unwrap();
+        let response = client.get("/")
+            .header(ContentType::Form)
+            .body("_method=patch&form_data=Form+data")
+            .dispatch();
+
+        assert_eq!(response.status(), Status::NotFound);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/tests/form_value_decoding-issue-82.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/tests/form_value_decoding-issue-82.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7758fd76
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/tests/form_value_decoding-issue-82.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+#![feature(proc_macro_hygiene, decl_macro)]
+
+#[macro_use] extern crate rocket;
+
+use rocket::request::Form;
+
+#[derive(FromForm)]
+struct FormData {
+    form_data: String,
+}
+
+#[post("/", data = "<form_data>")]
+fn bug(form_data: Form<FormData>) -> String {
+    form_data.into_inner().form_data
+}
+
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use rocket::local::Client;
+    use rocket::http::ContentType;
+    use rocket::http::Status;
+
+    fn check_decoding(raw: &str, decoded: &str) {
+        let client = Client::new(rocket::ignite().mount("/", routes![bug])).unwrap();
+        let mut response = client.post("/")
+            .header(ContentType::Form)
+            .body(format!("form_data={}", raw))
+            .dispatch();
+
+        assert_eq!(response.status(), Status::Ok);
+        assert_eq!(Some(decoded.to_string()), response.body_string());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_proper_decoding() {
+        check_decoding("password", "password");
+        check_decoding("", "");
+        check_decoding("+", " ");
+        check_decoding("%2B", "+");
+        check_decoding("1+1", "1 1");
+        check_decoding("1%2B1", "1+1");
+        check_decoding("%3Fa%3D1%26b%3D2", "?a=1&b=2");
+    }
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/tests/head_handling.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/tests/head_handling.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..aa882eb9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/tests/head_handling.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+#![feature(proc_macro_hygiene, decl_macro)]
+
+#[macro_use] extern crate rocket;
+
+use rocket::{http::Status, response::content};
+
+#[get("/empty")]
+fn empty() -> Status {
+    Status::NoContent
+}
+
+#[get("/")]
+fn index() -> &'static str {
+    "Hello, world!"
+}
+
+#[head("/other")]
+fn other() -> content::Json<&'static str> {
+    content::Json("{ 'hi': 'hello' }")
+}
+
+mod head_handling_tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    use std::io::Read;
+
+    use rocket::Route;
+    use rocket::local::Client;
+    use rocket::http::{Status, ContentType};
+    use rocket::response::Body;
+
+    fn routes() -> Vec<Route> {
+        routes![index, empty, other]
+    }
+
+    fn assert_empty_sized_body<T: Read>(body: Body<T>, expected_size: u64) {
+        match body {
+            Body::Sized(mut body, size) => {
+                let mut buffer = vec![];
+                let n = body.read_to_end(&mut buffer).unwrap();
+                assert_eq!(size, expected_size);
+                assert_eq!(n, 0);
+            }
+            _ => panic!("Expected a sized body.")
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn auto_head() {
+        let client = Client::new(rocket::ignite().mount("/", routes())).unwrap();
+        let mut response = client.head("/").dispatch();
+        assert_eq!(response.status(), Status::Ok);
+        assert_empty_sized_body(response.body().unwrap(), 13);
+
+        let content_type: Vec<_> = response.headers().get("Content-Type").collect();
+        assert_eq!(content_type, vec![ContentType::Plain.to_string()]);
+
+        let mut response = client.head("/empty").dispatch();
+        assert_eq!(response.status(), Status::NoContent);
+        assert!(response.body_bytes().is_none());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn user_head() {
+        let client = Client::new(rocket::ignite().mount("/", routes())).unwrap();
+        let mut response = client.head("/other").dispatch();
+        assert_eq!(response.status(), Status::Ok);
+        assert_empty_sized_body(response.body().unwrap(), 17);
+
+        let content_type: Vec<_> = response.headers().get("Content-Type").collect();
+        assert_eq!(content_type, vec![ContentType::JSON.to_string()]);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/tests/limits.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/tests/limits.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7ed00281
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/tests/limits.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+#![feature(proc_macro_hygiene, decl_macro)]
+
+#[macro_use] extern crate rocket;
+
+use rocket::request::Form;
+
+#[derive(FromForm)]
+struct Simple {
+    value: String
+}
+
+#[post("/", data = "<form>")]
+fn index(form: Form<Simple>) -> String {
+    form.into_inner().value
+}
+
+mod limits_tests {
+    use rocket;
+    use rocket::config::{Environment, Config, Limits};
+    use rocket::local::Client;
+    use rocket::http::{Status, ContentType};
+
+    fn rocket_with_forms_limit(limit: u64) -> rocket::Rocket {
+        let config = Config::build(Environment::Development)
+            .limits(Limits::default().limit("forms", limit))
+            .unwrap();
+
+        rocket::custom(config).mount("/", routes![super::index])
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn large_enough() {
+        let client = Client::new(rocket_with_forms_limit(128)).unwrap();
+        let mut response = client.post("/")
+            .body("value=Hello+world")
+            .header(ContentType::Form)
+            .dispatch();
+
+        assert_eq!(response.body_string(), Some("Hello world".into()));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn just_large_enough() {
+        let client = Client::new(rocket_with_forms_limit(17)).unwrap();
+        let mut response = client.post("/")
+            .body("value=Hello+world")
+            .header(ContentType::Form)
+            .dispatch();
+
+        assert_eq!(response.body_string(), Some("Hello world".into()));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn much_too_small() {
+        let client = Client::new(rocket_with_forms_limit(4)).unwrap();
+        let response = client.post("/")
+            .body("value=Hello+world")
+            .header(ContentType::Form)
+            .dispatch();
+
+        assert_eq!(response.status(), Status::UnprocessableEntity);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn contracted() {
+        let client = Client::new(rocket_with_forms_limit(10)).unwrap();
+        let mut response = client.post("/")
+            .body("value=Hello+world")
+            .header(ContentType::Form)
+            .dispatch();
+
+        assert_eq!(response.body_string(), Some("Hell".into()));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/tests/local-request-content-type-issue-505.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/tests/local-request-content-type-issue-505.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..aeab9ed3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/tests/local-request-content-type-issue-505.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+#![feature(proc_macro_hygiene, decl_macro)]
+
+#[macro_use] extern crate rocket;
+
+use rocket::Outcome::*;
+use rocket::{Request, Data};
+use rocket::request::{self, FromRequest};
+
+struct HasContentType;
+
+impl<'a, 'r> FromRequest<'a, 'r> for HasContentType {
+    type Error = ();
+
+    fn from_request(request: &'a Request<'r>) -> request::Outcome<Self, ()> {
+        if request.content_type().is_some() {
+            Success(HasContentType)
+        } else {
+            Forward(())
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+use rocket::data::{self, FromDataSimple};
+
+impl FromDataSimple for HasContentType {
+    type Error = ();
+
+    fn from_data(request: &Request, data: Data) -> data::Outcome<Self, ()> {
+        if request.content_type().is_some() {
+            Success(HasContentType)
+        } else {
+            Forward(data)
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[post("/")]
+fn rg_ct(ct: Option<HasContentType>) -> &'static str {
+    ct.map_or("Absent", |_| "Present")
+}
+
+#[post("/data", data = "<_ct>", rank = 1)]
+fn data_has_ct(_ct: HasContentType) -> &'static str {
+    "Data Present"
+}
+
+#[post("/data", rank = 2)]
+fn data_no_ct() -> &'static str {
+    "Data Absent"
+}
+
+mod local_request_content_type_tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    use rocket::Rocket;
+    use rocket::local::Client;
+    use rocket::http::ContentType;
+
+    fn rocket() -> Rocket {
+        rocket::ignite().mount("/", routes![rg_ct, data_has_ct, data_no_ct])
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn has_no_ct() {
+        let client = Client::new(rocket()).unwrap();
+
+        let mut req = client.post("/");
+        assert_eq!(req.clone().dispatch().body_string(), Some("Absent".to_string()));
+        assert_eq!(req.mut_dispatch().body_string(), Some("Absent".to_string()));
+        assert_eq!(req.dispatch().body_string(), Some("Absent".to_string()));
+
+        let mut req = client.post("/data");
+        assert_eq!(req.clone().dispatch().body_string(), Some("Data Absent".to_string()));
+        assert_eq!(req.mut_dispatch().body_string(), Some("Data Absent".to_string()));
+        assert_eq!(req.dispatch().body_string(), Some("Data Absent".to_string()));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn has_ct() {
+        let client = Client::new(rocket()).unwrap();
+
+        let mut req = client.post("/").header(ContentType::JSON);
+        assert_eq!(req.clone().dispatch().body_string(), Some("Present".to_string()));
+        assert_eq!(req.mut_dispatch().body_string(), Some("Present".to_string()));
+        assert_eq!(req.dispatch().body_string(), Some("Present".to_string()));
+
+        let mut req = client.post("/data").header(ContentType::JSON);
+        assert_eq!(req.clone().dispatch().body_string(), Some("Data Present".to_string()));
+        assert_eq!(req.mut_dispatch().body_string(), Some("Data Present".to_string()));
+        assert_eq!(req.dispatch().body_string(), Some("Data Present".to_string()));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/tests/local_request_private_cookie-issue-368.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/tests/local_request_private_cookie-issue-368.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ef6c8613
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/tests/local_request_private_cookie-issue-368.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+#![feature(proc_macro_hygiene, decl_macro)]
+
+#[macro_use]
+#[cfg(feature = "private-cookies")]
+extern crate rocket;
+
+#[cfg(feature = "private-cookies")]
+mod private_cookie_test {
+    use rocket::http::Cookies;
+
+    #[get("/")]
+    fn return_private_cookie(mut cookies: Cookies) -> Option<String> {
+        match cookies.get_private("cookie_name") {
+            Some(cookie) => Some(cookie.value().into()),
+            None => None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    mod tests {
+        use super::*;
+        use rocket::local::Client;
+        use rocket::http::Cookie;
+        use rocket::http::Status;
+
+        #[test]
+        fn private_cookie_is_returned() {
+            let rocket = rocket::ignite().mount("/", routes![return_private_cookie]);
+
+            let client = Client::new(rocket).unwrap();
+            let req = client.get("/").private_cookie(Cookie::new("cookie_name", "cookie_value"));
+            let mut response = req.dispatch();
+
+            assert_eq!(response.body_string(), Some("cookie_value".into()));
+            assert_eq!(response.headers().get_one("Set-Cookie"), None);
+        }
+
+        #[test]
+        fn regular_cookie_is_not_returned() {
+            let rocket = rocket::ignite().mount("/", routes![return_private_cookie]);
+
+            let client = Client::new(rocket).unwrap();
+            let req = client.get("/").cookie(Cookie::new("cookie_name", "cookie_value"));
+            let response = req.dispatch();
+
+            assert_eq!(response.status(), Status::NotFound);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/tests/mount_point.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/tests/mount_point.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..99d8dd92
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/tests/mount_point.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+extern crate rocket;
+
+#[test]
+#[should_panic]
+fn bad_dynamic_mount() {
+    rocket::ignite().mount("<name>", vec![]);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn good_static_mount() {
+    rocket::ignite().mount("/abcdefghijkl_mno", vec![]);
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/tests/nested-fairing-attaches.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/tests/nested-fairing-attaches.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a9ece085
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/tests/nested-fairing-attaches.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+#![feature(proc_macro_hygiene, decl_macro)]
+
+#[macro_use] extern crate rocket;
+
+use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicUsize, Ordering};
+
+use rocket::State;
+use rocket::fairing::AdHoc;
+use rocket::http::Method;
+
+#[derive(Default)]
+struct Counter {
+    attach: AtomicUsize,
+    get: AtomicUsize,
+}
+
+#[get("/")]
+fn index(counter: State<Counter>) -> String {
+    let attaches = counter.attach.load(Ordering::Relaxed);
+    let gets = counter.get.load(Ordering::Acquire);
+    format!("{}, {}", attaches, gets)
+}
+
+fn rocket() -> rocket::Rocket {
+    rocket::ignite()
+        .mount("/", routes![index])
+        .attach(AdHoc::on_attach("Outer", |rocket| {
+            let counter = Counter::default();
+            counter.attach.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
+            let rocket = rocket.manage(counter)
+                .attach(AdHoc::on_request("Inner", |req, _| {
+                    if req.method() == Method::Get {
+                        let counter = req.guard::<State<Counter>>().unwrap();
+                        counter.get.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Release);
+                    }
+                }));
+
+            Ok(rocket)
+        }))
+}
+
+mod nested_fairing_attaches_tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use rocket::local::Client;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_counts() {
+        let client = Client::new(rocket()).unwrap();
+        let mut response = client.get("/").dispatch();
+        assert_eq!(response.body_string(), Some("1, 1".into()));
+
+        let mut response = client.get("/").dispatch();
+        assert_eq!(response.body_string(), Some("1, 2".into()));
+
+        client.get("/").dispatch();
+        client.get("/").dispatch();
+        let mut response = client.get("/").dispatch();
+        assert_eq!(response.body_string(), Some("1, 5".into()));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/tests/precise-content-type-matching.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/tests/precise-content-type-matching.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..681a5e1d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/tests/precise-content-type-matching.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+#![feature(proc_macro_hygiene, decl_macro)]
+
+#[macro_use] extern crate rocket;
+
+#[post("/", format = "application/json")]
+fn specified() -> &'static str {
+    "specified"
+}
+
+#[post("/", rank = 2)]
+fn unspecified() -> &'static str {
+    "unspecified"
+}
+
+#[post("/", format = "application/json")]
+fn specified_json() -> &'static str {
+    "specified_json"
+}
+
+#[post("/", format = "text/html")]
+fn specified_html() -> &'static str {
+    "specified_html"
+}
+
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    use rocket::Rocket;
+    use rocket::local::Client;
+    use rocket::http::{Status, ContentType};
+
+    fn rocket() -> Rocket {
+        rocket::ignite()
+            .mount("/first", routes![specified, unspecified])
+            .mount("/second", routes![specified_json, specified_html])
+    }
+
+    macro_rules! check_dispatch {
+        ($mount:expr, $ct:expr, $body:expr) => (
+            let client = Client::new(rocket()).unwrap();
+            let mut req = client.post($mount);
+            let ct: Option<ContentType> = $ct;
+            if let Some(ct) = ct {
+                req.add_header(ct);
+            }
+
+            let mut response = req.dispatch();
+            let body_str = response.body_string();
+            let body: Option<&'static str> = $body;
+            match body {
+                Some(string) => assert_eq!(body_str, Some(string.to_string())),
+                None => assert_eq!(response.status(), Status::NotFound)
+            }
+        )
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn exact_match_or_forward() {
+        check_dispatch!("/first", Some(ContentType::JSON), Some("specified"));
+        check_dispatch!("/first", None, Some("unspecified"));
+        check_dispatch!("/first", Some(ContentType::HTML), Some("unspecified"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn exact_match_or_none() {
+        check_dispatch!("/second", Some(ContentType::JSON), Some("specified_json"));
+        check_dispatch!("/second", Some(ContentType::HTML), Some("specified_html"));
+        check_dispatch!("/second", Some(ContentType::CSV), None);
+        check_dispatch!("/second", None, None);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/tests/redirect_from_catcher-issue-113.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/tests/redirect_from_catcher-issue-113.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..67ff7b18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/tests/redirect_from_catcher-issue-113.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#![feature(proc_macro_hygiene, decl_macro)]
+
+#[macro_use] extern crate rocket;
+
+use rocket::response::Redirect;
+
+#[catch(404)]
+fn not_found() -> Redirect {
+    Redirect::to("/")
+}
+
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use rocket::local::Client;
+    use rocket::http::Status;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn error_catcher_redirect() {
+        let client = Client::new(rocket::ignite().register(catchers![not_found])).unwrap();
+        let response = client.get("/unknown").dispatch();
+        println!("Response:\n{:?}", response);
+
+        let location: Vec<_> = response.headers().get("location").collect();
+        assert_eq!(response.status(), Status::SeeOther);
+        assert_eq!(location, vec!["/"]);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/tests/responder_lifetime-issue-345.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/tests/responder_lifetime-issue-345.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..957c25a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/tests/responder_lifetime-issue-345.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+#![feature(proc_macro_hygiene, decl_macro)]
+#![allow(dead_code)] // This test is only here so that we can ensure it compiles.
+
+#[macro_use] extern crate rocket;
+
+use rocket::State;
+use rocket::response::{self, Responder};
+
+struct SomeState;
+
+pub struct CustomResponder<'r, R> {
+    responder: R,
+    state: &'r SomeState,
+}
+
+impl<'r, R: Responder<'r>> Responder<'r> for CustomResponder<'r, R> {
+    fn respond_to(self, _: &rocket::Request) -> response::Result<'r> {
+        unimplemented!()
+    }
+}
+
+#[get("/unit_state")]
+fn unit_state(state: State<SomeState>) -> CustomResponder<()> {
+    CustomResponder { responder: (), state: state.inner() }
+}
+
+#[get("/string_state")]
+fn string_state(state: State<SomeState>) -> CustomResponder<String> {
+    CustomResponder { responder: "".to_string(), state: state.inner() }
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/tests/route_guard.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/tests/route_guard.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..14f5d2b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/tests/route_guard.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+#![feature(proc_macro_hygiene, decl_macro)]
+
+#[macro_use] extern crate rocket;
+
+use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
+use rocket::http::ext::Normalize;
+use rocket::Route;
+
+#[get("/<path..>")]
+fn files(route: &Route, path: PathBuf) -> String {
+    Path::new(route.base()).join(path).normalized_str().to_string()
+}
+
+mod route_guard_tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use rocket::local::Client;
+
+    fn assert_path(client: &Client, path: &str) {
+        let mut res = client.get(path).dispatch();
+        assert_eq!(res.body_string(), Some(path.into()));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn check_mount_path() {
+        let rocket = rocket::ignite()
+            .mount("/first", routes![files])
+            .mount("/second", routes![files]);
+
+        let client = Client::new(rocket).unwrap();
+        assert_path(&client, "/first/some/path");
+        assert_path(&client, "/second/some/path");
+        assert_path(&client, "/first/second/b/c");
+        assert_path(&client, "/second/a/b/c");
+    }
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/tests/segments-issues-41-86.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/tests/segments-issues-41-86.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e47bb41c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/tests/segments-issues-41-86.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+#![feature(proc_macro_hygiene, decl_macro)]
+
+#[macro_use] extern crate rocket;
+
+use rocket::http::uri::Segments;
+
+#[get("/test/<path..>")]
+fn test(path: Segments) -> String {
+    path.collect::<Vec<_>>().join("/")
+}
+
+#[get("/two/<path..>")]
+fn two(path: Segments) -> String {
+    path.collect::<Vec<_>>().join("/")
+}
+
+#[get("/one/two/<path..>")]
+fn one_two(path: Segments) -> String {
+    path.collect::<Vec<_>>().join("/")
+}
+
+#[get("/<path..>", rank = 2)]
+fn none(path: Segments) -> String {
+    path.collect::<Vec<_>>().join("/")
+}
+
+#[get("/static/<user>/is/<path..>")]
+fn dual(user: String, path: Segments) -> String {
+    user + "/is/" + &path.collect::<Vec<_>>().join("/")
+}
+
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use rocket::local::Client;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn segments_works() {
+        let rocket = rocket::ignite()
+            .mount("/", routes![test, two, one_two, none, dual])
+            .mount("/point", routes![test, two, one_two, dual]);
+        let client = Client::new(rocket).unwrap();
+
+        // We construct a path that matches each of the routes above. We ensure the
+        // prefix is stripped, confirming that dynamic segments are working.
+        for prefix in &["", "/test", "/two", "/one/two",
+                        "/point/test", "/point/two", "/point/one/two",
+                        "/static", "/point/static"]
+        {
+            let path = "this/is/the/path/we/want";
+            let mut response = client.get(format!("{}/{}", prefix, path)).dispatch();
+            assert_eq!(response.body_string(), Some(path.into()));
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/tests/strict_and_lenient_forms.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/tests/strict_and_lenient_forms.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e3c1a3f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/tests/strict_and_lenient_forms.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+#![feature(proc_macro_hygiene, decl_macro)]
+
+#[macro_use] extern crate rocket;
+
+use rocket::request::{Form, LenientForm};
+use rocket::http::RawStr;
+
+#[derive(FromForm)]
+struct MyForm<'r> {
+    field: &'r RawStr,
+}
+
+#[post("/strict", data = "<form>")]
+fn strict<'r>(form: Form<MyForm<'r>>) -> String {
+    form.field.as_str().into()
+}
+
+#[post("/lenient", data = "<form>")]
+fn lenient<'r>(form: LenientForm<MyForm<'r>>) -> String {
+    form.field.as_str().into()
+}
+
+mod strict_and_lenient_forms_tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use rocket::local::Client;
+    use rocket::http::{Status, ContentType};
+
+    const FIELD_VALUE: &str = "just_some_value";
+
+    fn client() -> Client {
+        Client::new(rocket::ignite().mount("/", routes![strict, lenient])).unwrap()
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_strict_form() {
+        let client = client();
+        let mut response = client.post("/strict")
+            .header(ContentType::Form)
+            .body(format!("field={}", FIELD_VALUE))
+            .dispatch();
+
+        assert_eq!(response.status(), Status::Ok);
+        assert_eq!(response.body_string(), Some(FIELD_VALUE.into()));
+
+        let response = client.post("/strict")
+            .header(ContentType::Form)
+            .body(format!("field={}&extra=whoops", FIELD_VALUE))
+            .dispatch();
+
+        assert_eq!(response.status(), Status::UnprocessableEntity);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_lenient_form() {
+        let client = client();
+        let mut response = client.post("/lenient")
+            .header(ContentType::Form)
+            .body(format!("field={}", FIELD_VALUE))
+            .dispatch();
+
+        assert_eq!(response.status(), Status::Ok);
+        assert_eq!(response.body_string(), Some(FIELD_VALUE.into()));
+
+        let mut response = client.post("/lenient")
+            .header(ContentType::Form)
+            .body(format!("field={}&extra=whoops", FIELD_VALUE))
+            .dispatch();
+
+        assert_eq!(response.status(), Status::Ok);
+        assert_eq!(response.body_string(), Some(FIELD_VALUE.into()));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/tests/unsound-local-request-1312.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/tests/unsound-local-request-1312.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2fbd710f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/tests/unsound-local-request-1312.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+extern crate rocket;
+
+use rocket::http::Header;
+use rocket::local::Client;
+
+#[test]
+fn test_local_request_clone_soundness() {
+    let client = Client::new(rocket::ignite()).unwrap();
+
+    // creates two LocalRequest instances that shouldn't share the same req
+    let r1 = client.get("/").header(Header::new("key", "val1"));
+    let mut r2 = r1.clone();
+
+    // save the iterator, which internally holds a slice
+    let mut iter = r1.inner().headers().get("key");
+
+    // insert headers to force header map reallocation.
+    for i in 0..100 {
+        r2.add_header(Header::new(i.to_string(), i.to_string()));
+    }
+
+    // Replace the original key/val.
+    r2.add_header(Header::new("key", "val2"));
+
+    // Heap massage: so we've got crud to print.
+    let _: Vec<usize> = vec![0, 0xcafebabe, 31337, 0];
+
+    // Ensure we're good.
+    let s = iter.next().unwrap();
+    println!("{}", s);
+
+    // And that we've got the right data.
+    assert_eq!(r1.inner().headers().get("key").collect::<Vec<_>>(), vec!["val1"]);
+    assert_eq!(r2.inner().headers().get("key").collect::<Vec<_>>(), vec!["val1", "val2"]);
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/tests/uri-percent-encoding-issue-808.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/tests/uri-percent-encoding-issue-808.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..14f19def
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket/tests/uri-percent-encoding-issue-808.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+#![feature(proc_macro_hygiene, decl_macro)]
+
+#[macro_use] extern crate rocket;
+
+use rocket::response::Redirect;
+use rocket::http::uri::Uri;
+
+const NAME: &str = "John[]|\\%@^";
+
+#[get("/hello/<name>")]
+fn hello(name: String) -> String {
+    format!("Hello, {}!", name)
+}
+
+#[get("/raw")]
+fn raw_redirect() -> Redirect {
+    Redirect::to(format!("/hello/{}", Uri::percent_encode(NAME)))
+}
+
+#[get("/uri")]
+fn uri_redirect() -> Redirect {
+    Redirect::to(uri!(hello: NAME))
+}
+
+fn rocket() -> rocket::Rocket {
+    rocket::ignite().mount("/", routes![hello, uri_redirect, raw_redirect])
+}
+
+
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use rocket::local::Client;
+    use rocket::http::{Status, uri::Uri};
+
+    #[test]
+    fn uri_percent_encoding_redirect() {
+        let expected_location = vec!["/hello/John%5B%5D%7C%5C%25@%5E"];
+        let client = Client::new(rocket()).unwrap();
+
+        let response = client.get("/raw").dispatch();
+        let location: Vec<_> = response.headers().get("location").collect();
+        assert_eq!(response.status(), Status::SeeOther);
+        assert_eq!(&location, &expected_location);
+
+        let response = client.get("/uri").dispatch();
+        let location: Vec<_> = response.headers().get("location").collect();
+        assert_eq!(response.status(), Status::SeeOther);
+        assert_eq!(&location, &expected_location);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn uri_percent_encoding_get() {
+        let client = Client::new(rocket()).unwrap();
+        let name = Uri::percent_encode(NAME);
+        let mut response = client.get(format!("/hello/{}", name)).dispatch();
+        assert_eq!(response.status(), Status::Ok);
+        assert_eq!(response.body_string().unwrap(), format!("Hello, {}!", NAME));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/Cargo.toml b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/Cargo.toml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..680161a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+# THIS FILE IS AUTOMATICALLY GENERATED BY CARGO
+#
+# When uploading crates to the registry Cargo will automatically
+# "normalize" Cargo.toml files for maximal compatibility
+# with all versions of Cargo and also rewrite `path` dependencies
+# to registry (e.g., crates.io) dependencies.
+#
+# If you are reading this file be aware that the original Cargo.toml
+# will likely look very different (and much more reasonable).
+# See Cargo.toml.orig for the original contents.
+
+[package]
+name = "rocket_http"
+version = "0.4.11"
+authors = ["Sergio Benitez <sb@sergio.bz>"]
+description = """
+Types, traits, and parsers for HTTP requests, responses, and headers.
+"""
+homepage = "https://rocket.rs"
+documentation = "https://api.rocket.rs/v0.4/rocket_http/"
+readme = "README.md"
+keywords = [
+    "rocket",
+    "web",
+    "framework",
+    "http",
+]
+categories = ["web-programming"]
+license = "MIT/Apache-2.0"
+repository = "https://github.com/SergioBenitez/Rocket"
+
+[dependencies.cookie]
+version = "0.11.3"
+features = ["percent-encode"]
+
+[dependencies.hyper]
+version = "0.10.13"
+default-features = false
+
+[dependencies.hyper-sync-rustls]
+version = "=0.3.0-rc.4"
+features = ["server"]
+optional = true
+
+[dependencies.indexmap]
+version = "1.5.2"
+features = ["std"]
+
+[dependencies.pear]
+version = "0.1.5"
+
+[dependencies.percent-encoding]
+version = "1"
+
+[dependencies.rustls]
+version = "0.14"
+optional = true
+
+[dependencies.smallvec]
+version = "1.0"
+
+[dependencies.state]
+version = "0.4"
+
+[dependencies.time]
+version = "0.1"
+
+[dependencies.unicode-xid]
+version = "0.1"
+
+[features]
+default = []
+private-cookies = ["cookie/secure"]
+tls = [
+    "rustls",
+    "hyper-sync-rustls",
+]
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/README.md b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c4a5ae6a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+# Rocket
+
+[![Build Status](https://dev.azure.com/SergioBenitez/Rocket/_apis/build/status/SergioBenitez.Rocket?branchName=v0.4)](https://dev.azure.com/SergioBenitez/Rocket/_build/latest?definitionId=3&branchName=v0.4)
+[![Rocket Homepage](https://img.shields.io/badge/web-rocket.rs-red.svg?style=flat&label=https&colorB=d33847)](https://rocket.rs)
+[![Current Crates.io Version](https://img.shields.io/crates/v/rocket.svg)](https://crates.io/crates/rocket)
+[![Matrix: #rocket:mozilla.org](https://img.shields.io/badge/style-%23rocket:mozilla.org-blue.svg?style=flat&label=[m])](https://chat.mozilla.org/#/room/#rocket:mozilla.org)
+[![IRC: #rocket on chat.freenode.net](https://img.shields.io/badge/style-%23rocket-blue.svg?style=flat&label=freenode)](https://kiwiirc.com/client/chat.freenode.net/#rocket)
+
+Rocket is a web framework for Rust (nightly) with a focus on ease-of-use,
+expressibility, and speed. Here's an example of a complete Rocket application:
+
+```rust
+#![feature(proc_macro_hygiene, decl_macro)]
+
+#[macro_use] extern crate rocket;
+
+#[get("/<name>/<age>")]
+fn hello(name: String, age: u8) -> String {
+    format!("Hello, {} year old named {}!", age, name)
+}
+
+fn main() {
+    rocket::ignite().mount("/hello", routes![hello]).launch();
+}
+```
+
+Visiting `localhost:8000/hello/John/58`, for example, will trigger the `hello`
+route resulting in the string `Hello, 58 year old named John!` being sent to the
+browser. If an `<age>` string was passed in that can't be parsed as a `u8`, the
+route won't get called, resulting in a 404 error.
+
+## Documentation
+
+Rocket is extensively documented:
+
+  * [Overview]: A brief look at what makes Rocket special.
+  * [Quickstart]: How to get started as quickly as possible.
+  * [Getting Started]: How to start your first Rocket project.
+  * [Guide]: A detailed guide and reference to Rocket.
+  * [API Documentation]: The "rustdocs".
+
+[Quickstart]: https://rocket.rs/v0.4/guide/quickstart
+[Getting Started]: https://rocket.rs/v0.4/guide/getting-started
+[Overview]: https://rocket.rs/v0.4/overview
+[Guide]: https://rocket.rs/v0.4/guide
+[API Documentation]: https://api.rocket.rs/v0.4/rocket
+
+The official community support channels are [`#rocket:mozilla.org`] on Matrix
+and the bridged [`#rocket`] IRC channel on Freenode at `chat.freenode.net`. We
+recommend joining us on [Matrix via Riot]. If your prefer IRC, you can join via
+the [Kiwi IRC client] or a client of your own.
+
+[`#rocket:mozilla.org`]: https://chat.mozilla.org/#/room/#rocket:mozilla.org
+[`#rocket`]: https://kiwiirc.com/client/chat.freenode.net/#rocket
+[Matrix via Riot]: https://chat.mozilla.org/#/room/#rocket:mozilla.org
+[Kiwi IRC Client]: https://kiwiirc.com/client/chat.freenode.net/#rocket
+
+## Building
+
+### Nightly
+
+Rocket requires a nightly version of Rust as it makes heavy use of syntax
+extensions. This means that the first two unwieldly lines in the introductory
+example above are required.
+
+### Core, Codegen, and Contrib
+
+All of the Rocket libraries are managed by Cargo. As a result, compiling them is
+simple.
+
+  * Core: `cd lib && cargo build`
+  * Codegen: `cd codegen && cargo build`
+  * Contrib: `cd contrib && cargo build --all-features`
+
+### Examples
+
+Rocket ships with an extensive number of examples in the `examples/` directory
+which can be compiled and run with Cargo. For instance, the following sequence
+of commands builds and runs the `Hello, world!` example:
+
+```
+cd examples/hello_world
+cargo run
+```
+
+You should see `Hello, world!` by visiting `http://localhost:8000`.
+
+## Testing
+
+To test Rocket, simply run `./scripts/test.sh` from the root of the source tree.
+This will build and test the `core`, `codegen`, and `contrib` libraries as well
+as all of the examples. The `test.sh` script accepts no flags or either the
+`--release` flag to test in release mode or the `--contrib` flag to test all
+`contrib` modules individually. This script gets run by CI.
+
+To test a crate individually, run `cargo test --all-features` in the
+corresponding crate directory.
+
+### Core
+
+Testing for the core library is done inline in the corresponding module. For
+example, the tests for routing can be found at the bottom of the
+`lib/src/router/mod.rs` file.
+
+### Codegen
+
+Code generation tests can be found in `codegen/tests`. We use the
+[compiletest](https://crates.io/crates/compiletest_rs) library, which was
+extracted from `rustc`, for testing. See the [compiler test
+documentation](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/blob/master/src/test/COMPILER_TESTS.md)
+for information on how to write compiler tests.
+
+## Documentation
+
+You can build the Rocket API documentation locally by running
+`./scripts/mk-docs.sh`. The resulting documentation is what gets uploaded to
+[api.rocket.rs](https://api.rocket.rs/v0.4/).
+
+## Contributing
+
+Contributions are absolutely, positively welcome and encouraged! Contributions
+come in many forms. You could:
+
+  1. Submit a feature request or bug report as an [issue](https://github.com/SergioBenitez/Rocket/issues).
+  2. Ask for improved documentation as an [issue](https://github.com/SergioBenitez/Rocket/issues).
+  3. Comment on [issues that require
+     feedback](https://github.com/SergioBenitez/Rocket/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aopen+label%3A%22feedback+wanted%22).
+  4. Contribute code via [pull requests](https://github.com/SergioBenitez/Rocket/pulls).
+
+We aim to keep Rocket's code quality at the highest level. This means that any
+code you contribute must be:
+
+  * **Commented:** Public items _must_ be commented.
+  * **Documented:** Exposed items _must_ have rustdoc comments with
+    examples, if applicable.
+  * **Styled:** Your code should be `rustfmt`'d when possible.
+  * **Simple:** Your code should accomplish its task as simply and
+     idiomatically as possible.
+  * **Tested:** You must add (and pass) convincing tests for any functionality you add.
+  * **Focused:** Your code should do what it's supposed to do and nothing more.
+
+All pull requests are code reviewed and tested by the CI. Note that unless you
+explicitly state otherwise, any contribution intentionally submitted for
+inclusion in Rocket by you shall be dual licensed under the MIT License and
+Apache License, Version 2.0, without any additional terms or conditions.
+
+## License
+
+Rocket is licensed under either of the following, at your option:
+
+ * Apache License, Version 2.0, ([LICENSE-APACHE](LICENSE-APACHE) or http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0)
+ * MIT License ([LICENSE-MIT](LICENSE-MIT) or http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
+
+The Rocket website source is licensed under [separate terms](site#license).
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/src/accept.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/src/accept.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8a788a9f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/src/accept.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,435 @@
+use std::ops::Deref;
+use std::str::FromStr;
+use std::fmt;
+
+use smallvec::SmallVec;
+
+use {Header, MediaType};
+use ext::IntoCollection;
+use parse::parse_accept;
+
+/// A `MediaType` with an associated quality value.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
+pub struct QMediaType(pub MediaType, pub Option<f32>);
+
+impl QMediaType {
+    /// Retrieve the weight of the media type, if there is any.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate rocket;
+    /// use rocket::http::{MediaType, QMediaType};
+    ///
+    /// let q_type = QMediaType(MediaType::HTML, Some(0.3));
+    /// assert_eq!(q_type.weight(), Some(0.3));
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn weight(&self) -> Option<f32> {
+        self.1
+    }
+
+    /// Retrieve the weight of the media type or a given default value.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate rocket;
+    /// use rocket::http::{MediaType, QMediaType};
+    ///
+    /// let q_type = QMediaType(MediaType::HTML, Some(0.3));
+    /// assert_eq!(q_type.weight_or(0.9), 0.3);
+    ///
+    /// let q_type = QMediaType(MediaType::HTML, None);
+    /// assert_eq!(q_type.weight_or(0.9), 0.9);
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn weight_or(&self, default: f32) -> f32 {
+        self.1.unwrap_or(default)
+    }
+
+    /// Borrow the internal `MediaType`.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate rocket;
+    /// use rocket::http::{MediaType, QMediaType};
+    ///
+    /// let q_type = QMediaType(MediaType::HTML, Some(0.3));
+    /// assert_eq!(q_type.media_type(), &MediaType::HTML);
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn media_type(&self) -> &MediaType {
+        &self.0
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<MediaType> for QMediaType {
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn from(media_type: MediaType) -> QMediaType {
+        QMediaType(media_type, None)
+    }
+}
+
+impl Deref for QMediaType {
+    type Target = MediaType;
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn deref(&self) -> &MediaType {
+        &self.0
+    }
+}
+
+// FIXME: `Static` is needed for `const` items. Need `const SmallVec::new`.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub enum AcceptParams {
+    Static(&'static [QMediaType]),
+    Dynamic(SmallVec<[QMediaType; 1]>)
+}
+
+impl ::pear::parsers::Collection for AcceptParams {
+    type Item = QMediaType;
+
+    fn new() -> Self {
+        AcceptParams::Dynamic(SmallVec::new())
+    }
+
+    fn add(&mut self, item: Self::Item) {
+        match *self {
+            AcceptParams::Static(..) => panic!("can't add to static collection!"),
+            AcceptParams::Dynamic(ref mut v) => v.push(item)
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl PartialEq for AcceptParams {
+    fn eq(&self, other: &AcceptParams) -> bool {
+        #[inline(always)]
+        fn inner_types(params: &AcceptParams) -> &[QMediaType] {
+            match *params {
+                AcceptParams::Static(params) => params,
+                AcceptParams::Dynamic(ref vec) => vec,
+            }
+        }
+
+        inner_types(self) == inner_types(other)
+    }
+}
+
+/// The HTTP Accept header.
+///
+/// An `Accept` header is composed of zero or more media types, each of which
+/// may have an optional quality value (a [`QMediaType`]). The header is sent by
+/// an HTTP client to describe the formats it accepts as well as the order in
+/// which it prefers different formats.
+///
+/// # Usage
+///
+/// The Accept header of an incoming request can be retrieved via the
+/// [`Request::accept()`] method. The [`preferred()`] method can be used to
+/// retrieve the client's preferred media type.
+///
+/// [`Request::accept`]: ::rocket::Request::accept()
+/// [`preferred()`]: Accept::preferred()
+///
+/// An `Accept` type with a single, common media type can be easily constructed
+/// via provided associated constants.
+///
+/// ## Example
+///
+/// Construct an `Accept` header with a single `application/json` media type:
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// # extern crate rocket;
+/// use rocket::http::Accept;
+///
+/// # #[allow(unused_variables)]
+/// let accept_json = Accept::JSON;
+/// ```
+///
+/// # Header
+///
+/// `Accept` implements `Into<Header>`. As such, it can be used in any context
+/// where an `Into<Header>` is expected:
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// # extern crate rocket;
+/// use rocket::http::Accept;
+/// use rocket::response::Response;
+///
+/// # #[allow(unused_variables)]
+/// let response = Response::build().header(Accept::JSON).finalize();
+/// ```
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
+pub struct Accept(pub(crate) AcceptParams);
+
+macro_rules! accept_constructor {
+    ($($name:ident ($check:ident): $str:expr, $t:expr,
+        $s:expr $(; $k:expr => $v:expr)*,)+) => {
+        $(
+            #[doc="An `Accept` header with the single media type for <b>"]
+            #[doc=$str] #[doc="</b>: <i>"]
+            #[doc=$t] #[doc="/"] #[doc=$s]
+            #[doc="</i>"]
+            #[allow(non_upper_case_globals)]
+            pub const $name: Accept = Accept(
+                AcceptParams::Static(&[QMediaType(MediaType::$name, None)])
+            );
+         )+
+    };
+}
+
+impl<T: IntoCollection<MediaType>> From<T> for Accept {
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn from(items: T) -> Accept {
+        Accept(AcceptParams::Dynamic(items.mapped(|item| item.into())))
+    }
+}
+
+impl Accept {
+    /// Constructs a new `Accept` header from one or more media types.
+    ///
+    /// The `items` parameter may be of type `QMediaType`, `&[QMediaType]`, or
+    /// `Vec<QMediaType>`. To prevent additional allocations, prefer to provide
+    /// inputs of type `QMediaType` and `Vec<QMediaType>`.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate rocket;
+    /// use rocket::http::{QMediaType, MediaType, Accept};
+    ///
+    /// // Construct an `Accept` via a `Vec<QMediaType>`.
+    /// let json_then_html = vec![MediaType::JSON.into(), MediaType::HTML.into()];
+    /// let accept = Accept::new(json_then_html);
+    /// assert_eq!(accept.preferred().media_type(), &MediaType::JSON);
+    ///
+    /// // Construct an `Accept` via an `&[QMediaType]`.
+    /// let accept = Accept::new(&[MediaType::JSON.into(), MediaType::HTML.into()]);
+    /// assert_eq!(accept.preferred().media_type(), &MediaType::JSON);
+    ///
+    /// // Construct an `Accept` via a `QMediaType`.
+    /// let accept = Accept::new(QMediaType(MediaType::JSON, None));
+    /// assert_eq!(accept.preferred().media_type(), &MediaType::JSON);
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn new<T: IntoCollection<QMediaType>>(items: T) -> Accept {
+        Accept(AcceptParams::Dynamic(items.into_collection()))
+    }
+
+    // TODO: Implement this.
+    // #[inline(always)]
+    // pub fn add<M: Into<QMediaType>>(&mut self, media_type: M) {
+    //     self.0.push(media_type.into());
+    // }
+
+    /// Retrieve the client's preferred media type. This method follows [RFC
+    /// 7231 5.3.2]. If the list of media types is empty, this method returns a
+    /// media type of any with no quality value: (`*/*`).
+    ///
+    /// [RFC 7231 5.3.2]: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7231#section-5.3.2
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate rocket;
+    /// use rocket::http::{QMediaType, MediaType, Accept};
+    ///
+    /// let media_types = vec![
+    ///     QMediaType(MediaType::JSON, Some(0.3)),
+    ///     QMediaType(MediaType::HTML, Some(0.9))
+    /// ];
+    ///
+    /// let accept = Accept::new(media_types);
+    /// assert_eq!(accept.preferred().media_type(), &MediaType::HTML);
+    /// ```
+    pub fn preferred(&self) -> &QMediaType {
+        static ANY: QMediaType = QMediaType(MediaType::Any, None);
+
+        // See https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7231#section-5.3.2.
+        let mut all = self.iter();
+        let mut preferred = all.next().unwrap_or(&ANY);
+        for media_type in all {
+            if media_type.weight().is_none() && preferred.weight().is_some() {
+                // Media types without a `q` parameter are preferred.
+                preferred = media_type;
+            } else if media_type.weight_or(0.0) > preferred.weight_or(1.0) {
+                // Prefer media types with a greater weight, but if one doesn't
+                // have a weight, prefer the one we already have.
+                preferred = media_type;
+            } else if media_type.specificity() > preferred.specificity() {
+                // Prefer more specific media types over less specific ones. IE:
+                // text/html over application/*.
+                preferred = media_type;
+            } else if media_type == preferred {
+                // Finally, all other things being equal, prefer a media type
+                // with more parameters over one with fewer. IE: text/html; a=b
+                // over text/html.
+                if media_type.params().count() > preferred.params().count() {
+                    preferred = media_type;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        preferred
+    }
+
+    /// Retrieve the first media type in `self`, if any.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate rocket;
+    /// use rocket::http::{QMediaType, MediaType, Accept};
+    ///
+    /// let accept = Accept::new(QMediaType(MediaType::XML, None));
+    /// assert_eq!(accept.first(), Some(&MediaType::XML.into()));
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn first(&self) -> Option<&QMediaType> {
+        self.iter().next()
+    }
+
+    /// Returns an iterator over all of the (quality) media types in `self`.
+    /// Media types are returned in the order in which they appear in the
+    /// header.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate rocket;
+    /// use rocket::http::{QMediaType, MediaType, Accept};
+    ///
+    /// let qmedia_types = vec![
+    ///     QMediaType(MediaType::JSON, Some(0.3)),
+    ///     QMediaType(MediaType::HTML, Some(0.9))
+    /// ];
+    ///
+    /// let accept = Accept::new(qmedia_types.clone());
+    ///
+    /// let mut iter = accept.iter();
+    /// assert_eq!(iter.next(), Some(&qmedia_types[0]));
+    /// assert_eq!(iter.next(), Some(&qmedia_types[1]));
+    /// assert_eq!(iter.next(), None);
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn iter<'a>(&'a self) -> impl Iterator<Item=&'a QMediaType> + 'a {
+        let slice = match self.0 {
+            AcceptParams::Static(slice) => slice,
+            AcceptParams::Dynamic(ref vec) => &vec[..],
+        };
+
+        slice.iter()
+    }
+
+    /// Returns an iterator over all of the (bare) media types in `self`. Media
+    /// types are returned in the order in which they appear in the header.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate rocket;
+    /// use rocket::http::{QMediaType, MediaType, Accept};
+    ///
+    /// let qmedia_types = vec![
+    ///     QMediaType(MediaType::JSON, Some(0.3)),
+    ///     QMediaType(MediaType::HTML, Some(0.9))
+    /// ];
+    ///
+    /// let accept = Accept::new(qmedia_types.clone());
+    ///
+    /// let mut iter = accept.media_types();
+    /// assert_eq!(iter.next(), Some(qmedia_types[0].media_type()));
+    /// assert_eq!(iter.next(), Some(qmedia_types[1].media_type()));
+    /// assert_eq!(iter.next(), None);
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn media_types<'a>(&'a self) -> impl Iterator<Item=&'a MediaType> + 'a {
+        self.iter().map(|weighted_mt| weighted_mt.media_type())
+    }
+
+    known_media_types!(accept_constructor);
+}
+
+impl fmt::Display for Accept {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+        for (i, media_type) in self.iter().enumerate() {
+            if i >= 1 {
+                write!(f, ", {}", media_type.0)?;
+            } else {
+                write!(f, "{}", media_type.0)?;
+            }
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+impl FromStr for Accept {
+    // Ideally we'd return a `ParseError`, but that requires a lifetime.
+    type Err = String;
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn from_str(raw: &str) -> Result<Accept, String> {
+        parse_accept(raw).map_err(|e| e.to_string())
+    }
+}
+
+/// Creates a new `Header` with name `Accept` and the value set to the HTTP
+/// rendering of this `Accept` header.
+impl Into<Header<'static>> for Accept {
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn into(self) -> Header<'static> {
+        Header::new("Accept", self.to_string())
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+    use {Accept, MediaType};
+
+    macro_rules! assert_preference {
+        ($string:expr, $expect:expr) => (
+            let accept: Accept = $string.parse().expect("accept string parse");
+            let expected: MediaType = $expect.parse().expect("media type parse");
+            let preferred = accept.preferred();
+            assert_eq!(preferred.media_type().to_string(), expected.to_string());
+        )
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_preferred() {
+        assert_preference!("text/*", "text/*");
+        assert_preference!("text/*, text/html", "text/html");
+        assert_preference!("text/*; q=0.1, text/html", "text/html");
+        assert_preference!("text/*; q=1, text/html", "text/html");
+        assert_preference!("text/html, text/*", "text/html");
+        assert_preference!("text/*, text/html", "text/html");
+        assert_preference!("text/html, text/*; q=1", "text/html");
+        assert_preference!("text/html; q=1, text/html", "text/html");
+        assert_preference!("text/html, text/*; q=0.1", "text/html");
+
+        assert_preference!("text/html, application/json", "text/html");
+        assert_preference!("text/html, application/json; q=1", "text/html");
+        assert_preference!("application/json; q=1, text/html", "text/html");
+
+        assert_preference!("text/*, application/json", "application/json");
+        assert_preference!("*/*, text/*", "text/*");
+        assert_preference!("*/*, text/*, text/plain", "text/plain");
+
+        assert_preference!("a/b; q=0.1, a/b; q=0.2", "a/b; q=0.2");
+        assert_preference!("a/b; q=0.1, b/c; q=0.2", "b/c; q=0.2");
+        assert_preference!("a/b; q=0.5, b/c; q=0.2", "a/b; q=0.5");
+
+        assert_preference!("a/b; q=0.5, b/c; q=0.2, c/d", "c/d");
+        assert_preference!("a/b; q=0.5; v=1, a/b", "a/b");
+
+        assert_preference!("a/b; v=1, a/b; v=1; c=2", "a/b; v=1; c=2");
+        assert_preference!("a/b; v=1; c=2, a/b; v=1", "a/b; v=1; c=2");
+        assert_preference!("a/b; q=0.5; v=1, a/b; q=0.5; v=1; c=2",
+            "a/b; q=0.5; v=1; c=2");
+        assert_preference!("a/b; q=0.6; v=1, a/b; q=0.5; v=1; c=2",
+            "a/b; q=0.6; v=1");
+    }
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/src/content_type.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/src/content_type.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d7ca7bf2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/src/content_type.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,376 @@
+use std::borrow::{Borrow, Cow};
+use std::ops::Deref;
+use std::str::FromStr;
+use std::fmt;
+
+use header::Header;
+use media_type::{MediaType, Source};
+use ext::IntoCollection;
+use hyper::mime::Mime;
+
+/// Representation of HTTP Content-Types.
+///
+/// # Usage
+///
+/// `ContentType`s should rarely be created directly. Instead, an associated
+/// constant should be used; one is declared for most commonly used content
+/// types.
+///
+/// ## Example
+///
+/// A Content-Type of `text/html; charset=utf-8` can be instantiated via the
+/// `HTML` constant:
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// # extern crate rocket;
+/// use rocket::http::ContentType;
+///
+/// # #[allow(unused_variables)]
+/// let html = ContentType::HTML;
+/// ```
+///
+/// # Header
+///
+/// `ContentType` implements `Into<Header>`. As such, it can be used in any
+/// context where an `Into<Header>` is expected:
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// # extern crate rocket;
+/// use rocket::http::ContentType;
+/// use rocket::response::Response;
+///
+/// # #[allow(unused_variables)]
+/// let response = Response::build().header(ContentType::HTML).finalize();
+/// ```
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Hash)]
+pub struct ContentType(pub MediaType);
+
+macro_rules! content_types {
+    ($($name:ident ($check:ident): $str:expr, $t:expr,
+        $s:expr $(; $k:expr => $v:expr)*,)+) => {
+    $(
+        docify!([
+            Content Type for @{"**"}! @{$str}! @{"**"}!: @{"`"} @{$t}! @[/]! @{$s}!
+            $(; @{$k}! @[=]! @{$v}!)* @{"`"}!.
+        ];
+            #[allow(non_upper_case_globals)]
+            pub const $name: ContentType = ContentType(MediaType::$name);
+        );
+    )+
+}}
+
+macro_rules! from_extension {
+    ($($ext:expr => $name:ident,)*) => (
+    docify!([
+        Returns the @[Content-Type] associated with the extension @code{ext}.
+        Not all extensions are recognized. If an extensions is not recognized,
+        @code{None} is returned. The currently recognized extensions are:
+
+        @nl
+        $(* @{$ext} - @{"`ContentType::"}! @[$name]! @{"`"} @nl)*
+        @nl
+
+        This list is likely to grow. Extensions are matched
+        @[case-insensitively.]
+    ];
+        /// # Example
+        ///
+        /// Recognized content types:
+        ///
+        /// ```rust
+        /// # extern crate rocket;
+        /// use rocket::http::ContentType;
+        ///
+        /// let xml = ContentType::from_extension("xml");
+        /// assert_eq!(xml, Some(ContentType::XML));
+        ///
+        /// let xml = ContentType::from_extension("XML");
+        /// assert_eq!(xml, Some(ContentType::XML));
+        /// ```
+        ///
+        /// An unrecognized content type:
+        ///
+        /// ```rust
+        /// # extern crate rocket;
+        /// use rocket::http::ContentType;
+        ///
+        /// let foo = ContentType::from_extension("foo");
+        /// assert!(foo.is_none());
+        /// ```
+        #[inline]
+        pub fn from_extension(ext: &str) -> Option<ContentType> {
+            MediaType::from_extension(ext).map(ContentType)
+        }
+    );)
+}
+
+macro_rules! parse_flexible {
+    ($($short:expr => $name:ident,)*) => (
+    docify!([
+        Flexibly parses @code{name} into a @code{ContentType}. The parse is
+        @[_flexible_] because, in addition to stricly correct content types, it
+        recognizes the following shorthands:
+
+        @nl
+        $(* $short - @{"`ContentType::"}! @[$name]! @{"`"} @nl)*
+        @nl
+    ];
+        /// For regular parsing, use the
+        /// [`ContentType::from_str()`](#impl-FromStr) method.
+        ///
+        /// # Example
+        ///
+        /// Using a shorthand:
+        ///
+        /// ```rust
+        /// # extern crate rocket;
+        /// use rocket::http::ContentType;
+        ///
+        /// let html = ContentType::parse_flexible("html");
+        /// assert_eq!(html, Some(ContentType::HTML));
+        ///
+        /// let json = ContentType::parse_flexible("json");
+        /// assert_eq!(json, Some(ContentType::JSON));
+        /// ```
+        ///
+        /// Using the full content-type:
+        ///
+        /// ```rust
+        /// # extern crate rocket;
+        /// use rocket::http::ContentType;
+        ///
+        /// let html = ContentType::parse_flexible("text/html; charset=utf-8");
+        /// assert_eq!(html, Some(ContentType::HTML));
+        ///
+        /// let json = ContentType::parse_flexible("application/json");
+        /// assert_eq!(json, Some(ContentType::JSON));
+        ///
+        /// let custom = ContentType::parse_flexible("application/x+custom");
+        /// assert_eq!(custom, Some(ContentType::new("application", "x+custom")));
+        /// ```
+        ///
+        /// An unrecognized content-type:
+        ///
+        /// ```rust
+        /// # extern crate rocket;
+        /// use rocket::http::ContentType;
+        ///
+        /// let foo = ContentType::parse_flexible("foo");
+        /// assert_eq!(foo, None);
+        ///
+        /// let bar = ContentType::parse_flexible("foo/bar/baz");
+        /// assert_eq!(bar, None);
+        /// ```
+        #[inline]
+        pub fn parse_flexible(name: &str) -> Option<ContentType> {
+            MediaType::parse_flexible(name).map(ContentType)
+        }
+    );)
+}
+
+impl ContentType {
+    /// Creates a new `ContentType` with top-level type `top` and subtype `sub`.
+    /// This should _only_ be used to construct uncommon or custom content
+    /// types. Use an associated constant for everything else.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// Create a custom `application/x-person` content type:
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate rocket;
+    /// use rocket::http::ContentType;
+    ///
+    /// let custom = ContentType::new("application", "x-person");
+    /// assert_eq!(custom.top(), "application");
+    /// assert_eq!(custom.sub(), "x-person");
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn new<T, S>(top: T, sub: S) -> ContentType
+        where T: Into<Cow<'static, str>>, S: Into<Cow<'static, str>>
+    {
+        ContentType(MediaType::new(top, sub))
+    }
+
+    known_shorthands!(parse_flexible);
+
+    known_extensions!(from_extension);
+
+    /// Creates a new `ContentType` with top-level type `top`, subtype `sub`,
+    /// and parameters `ps`. This should _only_ be used to construct uncommon or
+    /// custom content types. Use an associated constant for everything else.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// Create a custom `application/x-id; id=1` content type:
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate rocket;
+    /// use rocket::http::ContentType;
+    ///
+    /// let id = ContentType::with_params("application", "x-id", ("id", "1"));
+    /// assert_eq!(id.to_string(), "application/x-id; id=1".to_string());
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// Create a custom `text/person; name=bob; weight=175` content type:
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate rocket;
+    /// use rocket::http::ContentType;
+    ///
+    /// let params = vec![("name", "bob"), ("ref", "2382")];
+    /// let mt = ContentType::with_params("text", "person", params);
+    /// assert_eq!(mt.to_string(), "text/person; name=bob; ref=2382".to_string());
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn with_params<T, S, K, V, P>(top: T, sub: S, ps: P) -> ContentType
+        where T: Into<Cow<'static, str>>, S: Into<Cow<'static, str>>,
+              K: Into<Cow<'static, str>>, V: Into<Cow<'static, str>>,
+              P: IntoCollection<(K, V)>
+    {
+        ContentType(MediaType::with_params(top, sub, ps))
+    }
+
+    /// Borrows the inner `MediaType` of `self`.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate rocket;
+    /// use rocket::http::{ContentType, MediaType};
+    ///
+    /// let http = ContentType::HTML;
+    /// let media_type = http.media_type();
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn media_type(&self) -> &MediaType {
+        &self.0
+    }
+
+    known_media_types!(content_types);
+}
+
+impl Default for ContentType {
+    /// Returns a ContentType of `Any`, or `*/*`.
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn default() -> ContentType {
+        ContentType::Any
+    }
+}
+
+impl Deref for ContentType {
+    type Target = MediaType;
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn deref(&self) -> &MediaType {
+        &self.0
+    }
+}
+
+#[doc(hidden)]
+impl<T: Borrow<Mime>> From<T> for ContentType {
+    #[inline(always)]
+    default fn from(mime: T) -> ContentType {
+        let mime: Mime = mime.borrow().clone();
+        ContentType::from(mime)
+    }
+}
+
+#[doc(hidden)]
+impl From<Mime> for ContentType {
+    #[inline]
+    fn from(mime: Mime) -> ContentType {
+        // soooo inefficient.
+        let params = mime.2.into_iter()
+            .map(|(attr, value)| (attr.to_string(), value.to_string()))
+            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+
+        ContentType::with_params(mime.0.to_string(), mime.1.to_string(), params)
+    }
+}
+
+impl FromStr for ContentType {
+    type Err = String;
+
+    /// Parses a `ContentType` from a given Content-Type header value.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// Parsing an `application/json`:
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate rocket;
+    /// use std::str::FromStr;
+    /// use rocket::http::ContentType;
+    ///
+    /// let json = ContentType::from_str("application/json").unwrap();
+    /// assert!(json.is_known());
+    /// assert_eq!(json, ContentType::JSON);
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// Parsing a content type extension:
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate rocket;
+    /// use std::str::FromStr;
+    /// use rocket::http::ContentType;
+    ///
+    /// let custom = ContentType::from_str("application/x-custom").unwrap();
+    /// assert!(!custom.is_known());
+    /// assert_eq!(custom.top(), "application");
+    /// assert_eq!(custom.sub(), "x-custom");
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// Parsing an invalid Content-Type value:
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate rocket;
+    /// use std::str::FromStr;
+    /// use rocket::http::ContentType;
+    ///
+    /// let custom = ContentType::from_str("application//x-custom");
+    /// assert!(custom.is_err());
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn from_str(raw: &str) -> Result<ContentType, String> {
+        MediaType::from_str(raw).map(ContentType)
+    }
+}
+
+impl fmt::Display for ContentType {
+    /// Formats the ContentType as an HTTP Content-Type value.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate rocket;
+    /// use rocket::http::ContentType;
+    ///
+    /// let ct = format!("{}", ContentType::JSON);
+    /// assert_eq!(ct, "application/json");
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+        write!(f, "{}", self.0)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Creates a new `Header` with name `Content-Type` and the value set to the
+/// HTTP rendering of this Content-Type.
+impl Into<Header<'static>> for ContentType {
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn into(self) -> Header<'static> {
+        // FIXME: For known media types, don't do `to_string`. Store the whole
+        // string as a `source` and have a way to know that the source is
+        // everything. That removes the allocation here. Then, in
+        // `MediaType::fmt`, write the source string out directly as well.
+        //
+        // We could also use an `enum` for MediaType. But that kinda sucks. But
+        // maybe it's what we want.
+        if let Source::Known(src) = self.0.source {
+            Header::new("Content-Type", src)
+        } else {
+            Header::new("Content-Type", self.to_string())
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/src/cookies.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/src/cookies.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7742f33c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/src/cookies.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,433 @@
+use std::fmt;
+use std::cell::RefMut;
+
+use Header;
+use cookie::Delta;
+
+#[doc(hidden)] pub use self::key::*;
+pub use cookie::{Cookie, CookieJar, SameSite};
+
+/// Types and methods to manage a `Key` when private cookies are enabled.
+#[cfg(feature = "private-cookies")]
+mod key {
+    pub use cookie::Key;
+}
+
+/// Types and methods to manage a `Key` when private cookies are disabled.
+#[cfg(not(feature = "private-cookies"))]
+mod key {
+    #[derive(Copy, Clone)]
+    pub struct Key;
+
+    impl Key {
+        pub fn generate() -> Self { Key }
+        pub fn from_master(_bytes: &[u8]) -> Self { Key }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Collection of one or more HTTP cookies.
+///
+/// The `Cookies` type allows for retrieval of cookies from an incoming request
+/// as well as modifications to cookies to be reflected by Rocket on outgoing
+/// responses. `Cookies` is a smart-pointer; it internally borrows and refers to
+/// the collection of cookies active during a request's life-cycle.
+///
+/// # Usage
+///
+/// A type of `Cookies` can be retrieved via its `FromRequest` implementation as
+/// a request guard or via the [`Request::cookies()`] method. Individual cookies
+/// can be retrieved via the [`get()`] and [`get_private()`] methods. Cookies
+/// can be added or removed via the [`add()`], [`add_private()`], [`remove()`],
+/// and [`remove_private()`] methods.
+///
+/// [`Request::cookies()`]: ::rocket::Request::cookies()
+/// [`get()`]: #method.get
+/// [`get_private()`]: #method.get_private
+/// [`add()`]: #method.add
+/// [`add_private()`]: #method.add_private
+/// [`remove()`]: #method.remove
+/// [`remove_private()`]: #method.remove_private
+///
+/// ## Examples
+///
+/// The following short snippet shows `Cookies` being used as a request guard in
+/// a handler to retrieve the value of a "message" cookie.
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// # #![feature(proc_macro_hygiene, decl_macro)]
+/// # #[macro_use] extern crate rocket;
+/// use rocket::http::Cookies;
+///
+/// #[get("/message")]
+/// fn message(cookies: Cookies) -> Option<String> {
+///     cookies.get("message").map(|c| format!("Message: {}", c.value()))
+/// }
+/// # fn main() {  }
+/// ```
+///
+/// The following snippet shows `Cookies` being retrieved from a `Request` in a
+/// custom request guard implementation for `User`. A [private cookie]
+/// containing a user's ID is retrieved. If the cookie exists and the ID parses
+/// as an integer, a `User` structure is validated. Otherwise, the guard
+/// forwards.
+///
+/// [private cookie]: Cookies::add_private()
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// # #![feature(proc_macro_hygiene, decl_macro, never_type)]
+/// # #[macro_use] extern crate rocket;
+/// #
+/// use rocket::http::Status;
+/// use rocket::outcome::IntoOutcome;
+/// use rocket::request::{self, Request, FromRequest};
+///
+/// // In practice, we'd probably fetch the user from the database.
+/// struct User(usize);
+///
+/// impl<'a, 'r> FromRequest<'a, 'r> for User {
+///     type Error = !;
+///
+///     fn from_request(request: &'a Request<'r>) -> request::Outcome<User, !> {
+///         request.cookies()
+///             .get_private("user_id")
+///             .and_then(|cookie| cookie.value().parse().ok())
+///             .map(|id| User(id))
+///             .or_forward(())
+///     }
+/// }
+/// # fn main() { }
+/// ```
+///
+/// # Private Cookies
+///
+/// _Private_ cookies are just like regular cookies except that they are
+/// encrypted using authenticated encryption, a form of encryption which
+/// simultaneously provides confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity. This
+/// means that private cookies cannot be inspected, tampered with, or
+/// manufactured by clients. If you prefer, you can think of private cookies as
+/// being signed and encrypted.
+///
+/// Private cookies can be retrieved, added, and removed from a `Cookies`
+/// collection via the [`get_private()`], [`add_private()`], and
+/// [`remove_private()`] methods.
+///
+/// ## Encryption Key
+///
+/// To encrypt private cookies, Rocket uses the 256-bit key specified in the
+/// `secret_key` configuration parameter. If one is not specified, Rocket will
+/// automatically generate a fresh key. Note, however, that a private cookie can
+/// only be decrypted with the same key with which it was encrypted. As such, it
+/// is important to set a `secret_key` configuration parameter when using
+/// private cookies so that cookies decrypt properly after an application
+/// restart. Rocket will emit a warning if an application is run in production
+/// mode without a configured `secret_key`.
+///
+/// Generating a string suitable for use as a `secret_key` configuration value
+/// is usually done through tools like `openssl`. Using `openssl`, for instance,
+/// a 256-bit base64 key can be generated with the command `openssl rand -base64
+/// 32`.
+pub enum Cookies<'a> {
+    #[doc(hidden)]
+    Jarred(RefMut<'a, CookieJar>, &'a Key),
+    #[doc(hidden)]
+    Empty(CookieJar)
+}
+
+impl<'a> Cookies<'a> {
+    /// WARNING: This is unstable! Do not use this method outside of Rocket!
+    #[inline]
+    #[doc(hidden)]
+    pub fn new(jar: RefMut<'a, CookieJar>, key: &'a Key) -> Cookies<'a> {
+        Cookies::Jarred(jar, key)
+    }
+
+    /// WARNING: This is unstable! Do not use this method outside of Rocket!
+    #[doc(hidden)]
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn empty() -> Cookies<'static> {
+        Cookies::Empty(CookieJar::new())
+    }
+
+    /// WARNING: This is unstable! Do not use this method outside of Rocket!
+    #[doc(hidden)]
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn parse_cookie(cookie_str: &str) -> Option<Cookie<'static>> {
+        Cookie::parse_encoded(cookie_str).map(|c| c.into_owned()).ok()
+    }
+
+    /// Adds an original `cookie` to this collection.
+    /// WARNING: This is unstable! Do not use this method outside of Rocket!
+    #[inline]
+    #[doc(hidden)]
+    pub fn add_original(&mut self, cookie: Cookie<'static>) {
+        if let Cookies::Jarred(ref mut jar, _) = *self {
+            jar.add_original(cookie)
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns a reference to the `Cookie` inside this container with the name
+    /// `name`. If no such cookie exists, returns `None`.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate rocket;
+    /// use rocket::http::Cookies;
+    ///
+    /// fn handler(cookies: Cookies) {
+    ///     let cookie = cookies.get("name");
+    /// }
+    /// ```
+    pub fn get(&self, name: &str) -> Option<&Cookie<'static>> {
+        match *self {
+            Cookies::Jarred(ref jar, _) => jar.get(name),
+            Cookies::Empty(_) => None
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Adds `cookie` to this collection.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate rocket;
+    /// use rocket::http::{Cookie, Cookies};
+    ///
+    /// fn handler(mut cookies: Cookies) {
+    ///     cookies.add(Cookie::new("name", "value"));
+    ///
+    ///     let cookie = Cookie::build("name", "value")
+    ///         .path("/")
+    ///         .secure(true)
+    ///         .finish();
+    ///
+    ///     cookies.add(cookie);
+    /// }
+    /// ```
+    pub fn add(&mut self, cookie: Cookie<'static>) {
+        if let Cookies::Jarred(ref mut jar, _) = *self {
+            jar.add(cookie)
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Removes `cookie` from this collection and generates a "removal" cookies
+    /// to send to the client on response. For correctness, `cookie` must
+    /// contain the same `path` and `domain` as the cookie that was initially
+    /// set. Failure to provide the initial `path` and `domain` will result in
+    /// cookies that are not properly removed.
+    ///
+    /// A "removal" cookie is a cookie that has the same name as the original
+    /// cookie but has an empty value, a max-age of 0, and an expiration date
+    /// far in the past.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate rocket;
+    /// use rocket::http::{Cookie, Cookies};
+    ///
+    /// fn handler(mut cookies: Cookies) {
+    ///     cookies.remove(Cookie::named("name"));
+    /// }
+    /// ```
+    pub fn remove(&mut self, cookie: Cookie<'static>) {
+        if let Cookies::Jarred(ref mut jar, _) = *self {
+            jar.remove(cookie)
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Removes all delta cookies.
+    /// WARNING: This is unstable! Do not use this method outside of Rocket!
+    #[inline]
+    #[doc(hidden)]
+    pub fn reset_delta(&mut self) {
+        match *self {
+            Cookies::Jarred(ref mut jar, _) => jar.reset_delta(),
+            Cookies::Empty(ref mut jar) => jar.reset_delta()
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns an iterator over all of the cookies present in this collection.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate rocket;
+    /// use rocket::http::Cookies;
+    ///
+    /// fn handler(cookies: Cookies) {
+    ///     for c in cookies.iter() {
+    ///         println!("Name: '{}', Value: '{}'", c.name(), c.value());
+    ///     }
+    /// }
+    /// ```
+    pub fn iter(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item=&Cookie<'static>> {
+        match *self {
+            Cookies::Jarred(ref jar, _) => jar.iter(),
+            Cookies::Empty(ref jar) => jar.iter()
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// WARNING: This is unstable! Do not use this method outside of Rocket!
+    #[inline]
+    #[doc(hidden)]
+    pub fn delta(&self) -> Delta {
+        match *self {
+            Cookies::Jarred(ref jar, _) => jar.delta(),
+            Cookies::Empty(ref jar) => jar.delta()
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "private-cookies")]
+impl<'a> Cookies<'a> {
+    /// Returns a reference to the `Cookie` inside this collection with the name
+    /// `name` and authenticates and decrypts the cookie's value, returning a
+    /// `Cookie` with the decrypted value. If the cookie cannot be found, or the
+    /// cookie fails to authenticate or decrypt, `None` is returned.
+    ///
+    /// This method is only available when the `private-cookies` feature is
+    /// enabled.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate rocket;
+    /// use rocket::http::Cookies;
+    ///
+    /// fn handler(mut cookies: Cookies) {
+    ///     let cookie = cookies.get_private("name");
+    /// }
+    /// ```
+    pub fn get_private(&mut self, name: &str) -> Option<Cookie<'static>> {
+        match *self {
+            Cookies::Jarred(ref mut jar, key) => jar.private(key).get(name),
+            Cookies::Empty(_) => None
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Adds `cookie` to the collection. The cookie's value is encrypted with
+    /// authenticated encryption assuring confidentiality, integrity, and
+    /// authenticity. The cookie can later be retrieved using
+    /// [`get_private`](#method.get_private) and removed using
+    /// [`remove_private`](#method.remove_private).
+    ///
+    /// Unless a value is supplied for the given key, the following defaults are
+    /// set on `cookie` before being added to `self`:
+    ///
+    ///    * `path`: `"/"`
+    ///    * `SameSite`: `Strict`
+    ///    * `HttpOnly`: `true`
+    ///    * `Expires`: 1 week from now
+    ///
+    /// These defaults ensure maximum usability and security. For additional
+    /// security, you may wish to set the `secure` flag.
+    ///
+    /// This method is only available when the `private-cookies` feature is
+    /// enabled.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate rocket;
+    /// use rocket::http::{Cookie, Cookies};
+    ///
+    /// fn handler(mut cookies: Cookies) {
+    ///     cookies.add_private(Cookie::new("name", "value"));
+    /// }
+    /// ```
+    pub fn add_private(&mut self, mut cookie: Cookie<'static>) {
+        if let Cookies::Jarred(ref mut jar, key) = *self {
+            Cookies::set_private_defaults(&mut cookie);
+            jar.private(key).add(cookie)
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Adds an original, private `cookie` to the collection.
+    /// WARNING: This is unstable! Do not use this method outside of Rocket!
+    #[doc(hidden)]
+    pub fn add_original_private(&mut self, mut cookie: Cookie<'static>) {
+        if let Cookies::Jarred(ref mut jar, key) = *self {
+            Cookies::set_private_defaults(&mut cookie);
+            jar.private(key).add_original(cookie)
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// For each property mentioned below, this method checks
+    /// if there is a provided value and if there is none, sets
+    /// a default value.
+    /// Default values are:
+    ///
+    ///    * `path`: `"/"`
+    ///    * `SameSite`: `Strict`
+    ///    * `HttpOnly`: `true`
+    ///    * `Expires`: 1 week from now
+    ///
+    fn set_private_defaults(cookie: &mut Cookie<'static>) {
+        if cookie.path().is_none() {
+            cookie.set_path("/");
+        }
+
+        if cookie.http_only().is_none() {
+            cookie.set_http_only(true);
+        }
+
+        if cookie.expires().is_none() {
+            cookie.set_expires(::time::now() + ::time::Duration::weeks(1));
+        }
+
+        if cookie.same_site().is_none() {
+            cookie.set_same_site(SameSite::Strict);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Removes the private `cookie` from the collection.
+    ///
+    /// For correct removal, the passed in `cookie` must contain the same `path`
+    /// and `domain` as the cookie that was initially set. If a path is not set
+    /// on `cookie`, the `"/"` path will automatically be set.
+    ///
+    /// This method is only available when the `private-cookies` feature is
+    /// enabled.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate rocket;
+    /// use rocket::http::{Cookie, Cookies};
+    ///
+    /// fn handler(mut cookies: Cookies) {
+    ///     cookies.remove_private(Cookie::named("name"));
+    /// }
+    /// ```
+    pub fn remove_private(&mut self, mut cookie: Cookie<'static>) {
+        if let Cookies::Jarred(ref mut jar, key) = *self {
+            if cookie.path().is_none() {
+                cookie.set_path("/");
+            }
+
+            jar.private(key).remove(cookie)
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> fmt::Debug for Cookies<'a> {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+        match *self {
+            Cookies::Jarred(ref jar, _) => jar.fmt(f),
+            Cookies::Empty(ref jar) => jar.fmt(f)
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'c> From<Cookie<'c>> for Header<'static> {
+    fn from(cookie: Cookie) -> Header<'static> {
+        Header::new("Set-Cookie", cookie.encoded().to_string())
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a, 'c> From<&'a Cookie<'c>> for Header<'static> {
+    fn from(cookie: &Cookie) -> Header<'static> {
+        Header::new("Set-Cookie", cookie.encoded().to_string())
+    }
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/src/docify.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/src/docify.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c38d894f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/src/docify.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+macro_rules! docify {
+    ([$($doc:tt)*]; $($tt:tt)*) => {
+        docify!([$($doc)*] [] $($tt)*);
+    };
+
+    // FIXME: Treat $a just like everywhere else. What if we start with @[]?
+    ([$a:tt $($b:tt)*] [] $($tt:tt)*) => {
+        docify!([$($b)*] [stringify!($a), " "] $($tt)*);
+    };
+
+    ([@fence @$lang:tt $($b:tt)*] [$($c:tt)+] $($tt:tt)*) => {
+        docify!([$($b)*] [$($c)+, "\n\n```", stringify!($lang), "\n"] $($tt)*);
+    };
+
+    ([@fence $($b:tt)*] [$($c:tt)+] $($tt:tt)*) => {
+        docify!([$($b)*] [$($c)+, "\n\n```\n"] $($tt)*);
+    };
+
+    ([@{$($a:tt),*}! $($b:tt)*] [$($c:tt)+] $($tt:tt)*) => {
+        docify!([$($b)*] [$($c)+, $($a),*] $($tt)*);
+    };
+
+    ([@{$($a:tt),*} $($b:tt)*] [$($c:tt)+] $($tt:tt)*) => {
+        docify!([$($b)*] [$($c)+, $($a),*, " "] $($tt)*);
+    };
+
+    ([@code{$($a:tt)+}! $($b:tt)*] [$($c:tt)+] $($tt:tt)*) => {
+        docify!([$($b)*] [$($c)+, "`", $(stringify!($a)),*, "`"] $($tt)*);
+    };
+
+    ([@code{$($a:tt)+} $($b:tt)*] [$($c:tt)+] $($tt:tt)*) => {
+        docify!([$($b)*] [$($c)+, "`", $(stringify!($a)),*, "` "] $($tt)*);
+    };
+
+    ([@[$($a:tt)*]! $($b:tt)*] [$($c:tt)+] $($tt:tt)*) => {
+        docify!([$($b)*] [$($c)+, $(stringify!($a)),*] $($tt)*);
+    };
+
+    ([@[$($a:tt)*] $($b:tt)*] [$($c:tt)+] $($tt:tt)*) => {
+        docify!([$($b)*] [$($c)+, $(stringify!($a)),*, " "] $($tt)*);
+    };
+
+    ([@nl $($b:tt)*] [$($c:tt)+] $($tt:tt)*) => {
+        docify!([$($b)*] [$($c)+, "\n"] $($tt)*);
+    };
+
+    (@punct [$a:tt $p:tt $($b:tt)*] [$($c:tt)+] $($tt:tt)*) => {
+        docify!([$($b)*] [$($c)+, stringify!($a), stringify!($p), " "] $($tt)*);
+    };
+
+    (@upunct [$a:tt $p:tt $($b:tt)*] [$($c:tt)+] $($tt:tt)*) => {
+        docify!([$($b)*] [$($c)+, stringify!($a), stringify!($p)] $($tt)*);
+    };
+
+    ([$a:tt . $($b:tt)*] $($rest:tt)+) => { docify!(@punct [$a . $($b)*] $($rest)+); };
+    ([$a:tt , $($b:tt)*] $($rest:tt)+) => { docify!(@punct [$a , $($b)*] $($rest)+); };
+    ([$a:tt ; $($b:tt)*] $($rest:tt)+) => { docify!(@punct [$a ; $($b)*] $($rest)+); };
+    ([$a:tt : $($b:tt)*] $($rest:tt)+) => { docify!(@punct [$a : $($b)*] $($rest)+); };
+    ([$a:tt ! $($b:tt)*] $($rest:tt)+) => { docify!(@punct [$a ! $($b)*] $($rest)+); };
+    ([$a:tt ! $($b:tt)*] $($rest:tt)+) => { docify!(@punct [$a ! $($b)*] $($rest)+); };
+
+    ([$a:tt :: $($b:tt)*] $($rest:tt)+) => { docify!(@upunct [$a :: $($b)*] $($rest)+); };
+
+    ([$a:tt $($b:tt)*] [$($c:tt)+] $($tt:tt)*) => {
+        docify!([$($b)*] [$($c)+, stringify!($a), " "] $($tt)*);
+    };
+
+    ([] [$($doc:expr),*] $($tt:tt)*) => {
+        docify!(concat!($($doc),*), $($tt)*);
+    };
+
+    ($x:expr, $($tt:tt)*) => {
+        #[doc = $x]
+        $($tt)*
+    };
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/src/ext.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/src/ext.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8f0ae7db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/src/ext.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+//! Extension traits implemented by several HTTP types.
+
+use smallvec::{Array, SmallVec};
+
+// TODO: It would be nice if we could somehow have one trait that could give us
+// either SmallVec or Vec.
+/// Trait implemented by types that can be converted into a collection.
+pub trait IntoCollection<T> {
+    /// Converts `self` into a collection.
+    fn into_collection<A: Array<Item=T>>(self) -> SmallVec<A>;
+
+    #[doc(hidden)]
+    fn mapped<U, F: FnMut(T) -> U, A: Array<Item=U>>(self, f: F) -> SmallVec<A>;
+}
+
+impl<T> IntoCollection<T> for T {
+    #[inline]
+    fn into_collection<A: Array<Item=T>>(self) -> SmallVec<A> {
+        let mut vec = SmallVec::new();
+        vec.push(self);
+        vec
+    }
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn mapped<U, F: FnMut(T) -> U, A: Array<Item=U>>(self, mut f: F) -> SmallVec<A> {
+        f(self).into_collection()
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T> IntoCollection<T> for Vec<T> {
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn into_collection<A: Array<Item=T>>(self) -> SmallVec<A> {
+        SmallVec::from_vec(self)
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn mapped<U, F: FnMut(T) -> U, A: Array<Item=U>>(self, f: F) -> SmallVec<A> {
+        self.into_iter().map(f).collect()
+    }
+}
+
+macro_rules! impl_for_slice {
+    ($($size:tt)*) => (
+        impl<'a, T: Clone> IntoCollection<T> for &'a [T $($size)*] {
+            #[inline(always)]
+            fn into_collection<A: Array<Item=T>>(self) -> SmallVec<A> {
+                self.iter().cloned().collect()
+            }
+
+            #[inline]
+            fn mapped<U, F, A: Array<Item=U>>(self, f: F) -> SmallVec<A>
+                where F: FnMut(T) -> U
+            {
+                self.iter().cloned().map(f).collect()
+            }
+        }
+    )
+}
+
+impl_for_slice!();
+impl_for_slice!(; 1);
+impl_for_slice!(; 2);
+impl_for_slice!(; 3);
+impl_for_slice!(; 4);
+impl_for_slice!(; 5);
+impl_for_slice!(; 6);
+impl_for_slice!(; 7);
+impl_for_slice!(; 8);
+impl_for_slice!(; 9);
+impl_for_slice!(; 10);
+
+use std::borrow::Cow;
+
+/// Trait implemented by types that can be converted into owned versions of
+/// themselves.
+pub trait IntoOwned {
+    /// The owned version of the type.
+    type Owned: 'static;
+
+    /// Converts `self` into an owned version of itself.
+    fn into_owned(self) -> Self::Owned;
+}
+
+impl<T: IntoOwned> IntoOwned for Option<T> {
+    type Owned = Option<T::Owned>;
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn into_owned(self) -> Self::Owned {
+        self.map(|inner| inner.into_owned())
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a, B: 'static + ToOwned + ?Sized> IntoOwned for Cow<'a, B> {
+    type Owned = Cow<'static, B>;
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn into_owned(self) -> <Self as IntoOwned>::Owned {
+        Cow::Owned(self.into_owned())
+    }
+}
+
+use std::path::Path;
+
+// Outside of http, this is used by a test.
+#[doc(hidden)]
+pub trait Normalize {
+    fn normalized_str(&self) -> Cow<str>;
+}
+
+impl<T: AsRef<Path>> Normalize for T {
+    #[cfg(windows)]
+    fn normalized_str(&self) -> Cow<'_, str> {
+        self.as_ref().to_string_lossy().replace('\\', "/").into()
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(not(windows))]
+    fn normalized_str(&self) -> Cow<str> {
+        self.as_ref().to_string_lossy()
+    }
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/src/header.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/src/header.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..dd52da63
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/src/header.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,656 @@
+use std::borrow::{Borrow, Cow};
+use std::fmt;
+
+use indexmap::IndexMap;
+
+use uncased::{Uncased, UncasedStr};
+
+/// Simple representation of an HTTP header.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Hash, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct Header<'h> {
+    /// The name of the header.
+    pub name: Uncased<'h>,
+    /// The value of the header.
+    pub value: Cow<'h, str>,
+}
+
+impl<'h> Header<'h> {
+    /// Constructs a new header. This method should be used rarely and only for
+    /// non-standard headers. Instead, prefer to use the `Into<Header>`
+    /// implementations of many types, including [`ContentType`] and all of the
+    /// headers in [`http::hyper::header`](hyper::header).
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// Create a custom header with name `X-Custom-Header` and value `custom
+    /// value`.
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate rocket;
+    /// use rocket::http::Header;
+    ///
+    /// let header = Header::new("X-Custom-Header", "custom value");
+    /// assert_eq!(header.to_string(), "X-Custom-Header: custom value");
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// Use a `String` as a value to do the same.
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate rocket;
+    /// use rocket::http::Header;
+    ///
+    /// let value = format!("{} value", "custom");
+    /// let header = Header::new("X-Custom-Header", value);
+    /// assert_eq!(header.to_string(), "X-Custom-Header: custom value");
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn new<'a: 'h, 'b: 'h, N, V>(name: N, value: V) -> Header<'h>
+        where N: Into<Cow<'a, str>>, V: Into<Cow<'b, str>>
+    {
+        Header {
+            name: Uncased::new(name),
+            value: value.into()
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the name of this header with casing preserved. To do a
+    /// case-insensitive equality check, use `.name` directly.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// A case-sensitive equality check:
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate rocket;
+    /// use rocket::http::Header;
+    ///
+    /// let value = format!("{} value", "custom");
+    /// let header = Header::new("X-Custom-Header", value);
+    /// assert_eq!(header.name(), "X-Custom-Header");
+    /// assert!(header.name() != "X-CUSTOM-HEADER");
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// A case-insensitive equality check via `.name`:
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate rocket;
+    /// use rocket::http::Header;
+    ///
+    /// let header = Header::new("X-Custom-Header", "custom value");
+    /// assert_eq!(header.name, "X-Custom-Header");
+    /// assert_eq!(header.name, "X-CUSTOM-HEADER");
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        self.name.as_str()
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the value of this header.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// A case-sensitive equality check:
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate rocket;
+    /// use rocket::http::Header;
+    ///
+    /// let header = Header::new("X-Custom-Header", "custom value");
+    /// assert_eq!(header.value(), "custom value");
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn value(&self) -> &str {
+        &self.value
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'h> fmt::Display for Header<'h> {
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+        write!(f, "{}: {}", self.name, self.value)
+    }
+}
+
+/// A collection of headers, mapping a header name to its many ordered values.
+///
+/// # Case-Insensitivity
+///
+/// All header names, including those passed in to `HeaderMap` methods and those
+/// stored in an existing `HeaderMap`, are treated case-insensitively. This
+/// means that, for instance, a look for a header by the name of "aBC" will
+/// returns values for headers of names "AbC", "ABC", "abc", and so on.
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Default)]
+pub struct HeaderMap<'h> {
+    headers: IndexMap<Uncased<'h>, Vec<Cow<'h, str>>>
+}
+
+impl<'h> HeaderMap<'h> {
+    /// Returns an empty header collection.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate rocket;
+    /// use rocket::http::HeaderMap;
+    ///
+    /// let map = HeaderMap::new();
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn new() -> HeaderMap<'h> {
+        HeaderMap { headers: IndexMap::new() }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns true if `self` contains a header with the name `name`.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate rocket;
+    /// use rocket::http::{HeaderMap, ContentType};
+    ///
+    /// let mut map = HeaderMap::new();
+    /// map.add(ContentType::HTML);
+    ///
+    /// assert!(map.contains("Content-Type"));
+    /// assert!(!map.contains("Accepts"));
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn contains(&self, name: &str) -> bool {
+        self.headers.get(UncasedStr::new(name)).is_some()
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the number of _values_ stored in the map.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate rocket;
+    /// use rocket::http::HeaderMap;
+    ///
+    /// let mut map = HeaderMap::new();
+    /// assert_eq!(map.len(), 0);
+    ///
+    /// map.add_raw("X-Custom", "value_1");
+    /// assert_eq!(map.len(), 1);
+    ///
+    /// map.replace_raw("X-Custom", "value_2");
+    /// assert_eq!(map.len(), 1);
+    ///
+    /// map.add_raw("X-Custom", "value_1");
+    /// assert_eq!(map.len(), 2);
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn len(&self) -> usize {
+        self.headers.iter().flat_map(|(_, values)| values.iter()).count()
+    }
+
+    /// Returns `true` if there are no headers stored in the map. Otherwise
+    /// returns `false`.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate rocket;
+    /// use rocket::http::HeaderMap;
+    ///
+    /// let map = HeaderMap::new();
+    /// assert!(map.is_empty());
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
+        self.headers.is_empty()
+    }
+
+    /// Returns an iterator over all of the values stored in `self` for the
+    /// header with name `name`. The headers are returned in FIFO order.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate rocket;
+    /// use rocket::http::HeaderMap;
+    ///
+    /// let mut map = HeaderMap::new();
+    /// map.add_raw("X-Custom", "value_1");
+    /// map.add_raw("X-Custom", "value_2");
+    ///
+    /// assert_eq!(map.len(), 2);
+    ///
+    /// let mut values = map.get("X-Custom");
+    /// assert_eq!(values.next(), Some("value_1"));
+    /// assert_eq!(values.next(), Some("value_2"));
+    /// assert_eq!(values.next(), None);
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn get<'a>(&'a self, name: &str) -> impl Iterator<Item=&'a str> {
+        self.headers
+            .get(UncasedStr::new(name))
+            .into_iter()
+            .flat_map(|values| values.iter().map(|val| val.borrow()))
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the _first_ value stored for the header with name `name` if
+    /// there is one.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// Retrieve the first value when one exists:
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate rocket;
+    /// use rocket::http::HeaderMap;
+    ///
+    /// let mut map = HeaderMap::new();
+    /// map.add_raw("X-Custom", "value_1");
+    /// map.add_raw("X-Custom", "value_2");
+    ///
+    /// assert_eq!(map.len(), 2);
+    ///
+    /// let first_value = map.get_one("X-Custom");
+    /// assert_eq!(first_value, Some("value_1"));
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// Attempt to retrieve a value that doesn't exist:
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate rocket;
+    /// use rocket::http::HeaderMap;
+    ///
+    /// let mut map = HeaderMap::new();
+    /// map.add_raw("X-Custom", "value_1");
+    ///
+    /// let first_value = map.get_one("X-Other");
+    /// assert_eq!(first_value, None);
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn get_one<'a>(&'a self, name: &str) -> Option<&'a str> {
+        self.headers.get(UncasedStr::new(name))
+            .and_then(|values| {
+                if !values.is_empty() { Some(values[0].borrow()) }
+                else { None }
+            })
+    }
+
+    /// Replace any header that matches the name of `header.name` with `header`.
+    /// If there is no such header in `self`, add `header`. If the matching
+    /// header had multiple values, all of the values are removed, and only the
+    /// value in `header` will remain.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// Replace a header that doesn't yet exist:
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate rocket;
+    /// use rocket::http::{HeaderMap, ContentType};
+    ///
+    /// let mut map = HeaderMap::new();
+    /// map.replace(ContentType::JSON);
+    ///
+    /// assert!(map.get_one("Content-Type").is_some());
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// Replace a header that already exists:
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate rocket;
+    /// use rocket::http::{HeaderMap, ContentType};
+    ///
+    /// let mut map = HeaderMap::new();
+    ///
+    /// map.replace(ContentType::JSON);
+    /// assert_eq!(map.get_one("Content-Type"), Some("application/json"));
+    ///
+    /// map.replace(ContentType::GIF);
+    /// assert_eq!(map.get_one("Content-Type"), Some("image/gif"));
+    /// assert_eq!(map.len(), 1);
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// An example of case-insensitivity.
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate rocket;
+    /// use rocket::http::{HeaderMap, Header, ContentType};
+    ///
+    /// let mut map = HeaderMap::new();
+    ///
+    /// map.replace(ContentType::JSON);
+    /// assert_eq!(map.get_one("Content-Type"), Some("application/json"));
+    ///
+    /// map.replace(Header::new("CONTENT-type", "image/gif"));
+    /// assert_eq!(map.get_one("Content-Type"), Some("image/gif"));
+    /// assert_eq!(map.len(), 1);
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn replace<'p: 'h, H: Into<Header<'p>>>(&mut self, header: H) -> bool {
+        let header = header.into();
+        self.headers.insert(header.name, vec![header.value]).is_some()
+    }
+
+    /// A convenience method to replace a header using a raw name and value.
+    /// Aliases `replace(Header::new(name, value))`. Should be used rarely.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate rocket;
+    /// use rocket::http::HeaderMap;
+    ///
+    /// let mut map = HeaderMap::new();
+    ///
+    /// map.replace_raw("X-Custom", "value_1");
+    /// assert_eq!(map.get_one("X-Custom"), Some("value_1"));
+    ///
+    /// map.replace_raw("X-Custom", "value_2");
+    /// assert_eq!(map.get_one("X-Custom"), Some("value_2"));
+    /// assert_eq!(map.len(), 1);
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn replace_raw<'a: 'h, 'b: 'h, N, V>(&mut self, name: N, value: V) -> bool
+        where N: Into<Cow<'a, str>>, V: Into<Cow<'b, str>>
+    {
+        self.replace(Header::new(name, value))
+    }
+
+    /// Replaces all of the values for a header with name `name` with `values`.
+    /// This a low-level method and should rarely be used.
+    ///
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate rocket;
+    /// use rocket::http::HeaderMap;
+    ///
+    /// let mut map = HeaderMap::new();
+    /// map.add_raw("X-Custom", "value_1");
+    /// map.add_raw("X-Custom", "value_2");
+    ///
+    /// let vals: Vec<_> = map.get("X-Custom").map(|s| s.to_string()).collect();
+    /// assert_eq!(vals, vec!["value_1", "value_2"]);
+    ///
+    /// map.replace_all("X-Custom", vec!["value_3".into(), "value_4".into()]);
+    /// let vals: Vec<_> = map.get("X-Custom").collect();
+    /// assert_eq!(vals, vec!["value_3", "value_4"]);
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn replace_all<'n, 'v: 'h, H>(&mut self, name: H, values: Vec<Cow<'v, str>>)
+        where 'n: 'h, H: Into<Cow<'n, str>>
+    {
+        self.headers.insert(Uncased::new(name), values);
+    }
+
+    /// Adds `header` into the map. If a header with `header.name` was
+    /// previously added, that header will have one more value.
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate rocket;
+    /// use rocket::http::{Cookie, HeaderMap};
+    ///
+    /// let mut map = HeaderMap::new();
+    ///
+    /// map.add(&Cookie::new("a", "b"));
+    /// assert_eq!(map.get("Set-Cookie").count(), 1);
+    ///
+    /// map.add(&Cookie::new("c", "d"));
+    /// assert_eq!(map.get("Set-Cookie").count(), 2);
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn add<'p: 'h, H: Into<Header<'p>>>(&mut self, header: H) {
+        let header = header.into();
+        self.headers.entry(header.name).or_insert(vec![]).push(header.value);
+    }
+
+    /// A convenience method to add a header using a raw name and value.
+    /// Aliases `add(Header::new(name, value))`. Should be used rarely.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate rocket;
+    /// use rocket::http::HeaderMap;
+    ///
+    /// let mut map = HeaderMap::new();
+    ///
+    /// map.add_raw("X-Custom", "value_1");
+    /// assert_eq!(map.get("X-Custom").count(), 1);
+    ///
+    /// map.add_raw("X-Custom", "value_2");
+    /// let values: Vec<_> = map.get("X-Custom").collect();
+    /// assert_eq!(values, vec!["value_1", "value_2"]);
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn add_raw<'a: 'h, 'b: 'h, N, V>(&mut self, name: N, value: V)
+        where N: Into<Cow<'a, str>>, V: Into<Cow<'b, str>>
+    {
+        self.add(Header::new(name, value))
+    }
+
+    /// Adds all of the values to a header with name `name`. This a low-level
+    /// method and should rarely be used. `values` will be empty when this
+    /// method returns.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate rocket;
+    /// use rocket::http::HeaderMap;
+    ///
+    /// let mut map = HeaderMap::new();
+    ///
+    /// let mut values = vec!["value_1".into(), "value_2".into()];
+    /// map.add_all("X-Custom", &mut values);
+    /// assert_eq!(map.get("X-Custom").count(), 2);
+    /// assert_eq!(values.len(), 0);
+    ///
+    /// let mut values = vec!["value_3".into(), "value_4".into()];
+    /// map.add_all("X-Custom", &mut values);
+    /// assert_eq!(map.get("X-Custom").count(), 4);
+    /// assert_eq!(values.len(), 0);
+    ///
+    /// let values: Vec<_> = map.get("X-Custom").collect();
+    /// assert_eq!(values, vec!["value_1", "value_2", "value_3", "value_4"]);
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn add_all<'n, H>(&mut self, name: H, values: &mut Vec<Cow<'h, str>>)
+        where 'n:'h, H: Into<Cow<'n, str>>
+    {
+        self.headers.entry(Uncased::new(name))
+            .or_insert(vec![])
+            .append(values)
+    }
+
+    /// Remove all of the values for header with name `name`.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate rocket;
+    /// use rocket::http::HeaderMap;
+    ///
+    /// let mut map = HeaderMap::new();
+    /// map.add_raw("X-Custom", "value_1");
+    /// map.add_raw("X-Custom", "value_2");
+    /// map.add_raw("X-Other", "other");
+    ///
+    /// assert_eq!(map.len(), 3);
+    ///
+    /// map.remove("X-Custom");
+    /// assert_eq!(map.len(), 1);
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn remove(&mut self, name: &str) {
+        self.headers.remove(UncasedStr::new(name));
+    }
+
+    /// Removes all of the headers stored in this map and returns a vector
+    /// containing them. Header names are returned in no specific order, but all
+    /// values for a given header name are grouped together, and values are in
+    /// FIFO order.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate rocket;
+    /// use rocket::http::{HeaderMap, Header};
+    /// use std::collections::HashSet;
+    ///
+    /// // The headers we'll be storing.
+    /// let all_headers = vec![
+    ///     Header::new("X-Custom", "value_1"),
+    ///     Header::new("X-Custom", "value_2"),
+    ///     Header::new("X-Other", "other")
+    /// ];
+    ///
+    /// // Create a map, store all of the headers.
+    /// let mut map = HeaderMap::new();
+    /// for header in all_headers.clone() {
+    ///     map.add(header)
+    /// }
+    ///
+    /// assert_eq!(map.len(), 3);
+    ///
+    /// // Now remove them all, ensure the map is empty.
+    /// let removed_headers = map.remove_all();
+    /// assert!(map.is_empty());
+    ///
+    /// // Create two sets: what we expect and got. Ensure they're equal.
+    /// let expected_set: HashSet<_> = all_headers.into_iter().collect();
+    /// let actual_set: HashSet<_> = removed_headers.into_iter().collect();
+    /// assert_eq!(expected_set, actual_set);
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn remove_all(&mut self) -> Vec<Header<'h>> {
+        let old_map = ::std::mem::replace(self, HeaderMap::new());
+        old_map.into_iter().collect()
+    }
+
+    /// Returns an iterator over all of the `Header`s stored in the map. Header
+    /// names are returned in no specific order, but all values for a given
+    /// header name are grouped together, and values are in FIFO order.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate rocket;
+    /// use rocket::http::{HeaderMap, Header};
+    ///
+    /// // The headers we'll be storing.
+    /// let all_headers = vec![
+    ///     Header::new("X-Custom", "value_1"),
+    ///     Header::new("X-Other", "other"),
+    ///     Header::new("X-Third", "third"),
+    /// ];
+    ///
+    /// // Create a map, store all of the headers.
+    /// let mut map = HeaderMap::new();
+    /// for header in all_headers {
+    ///     map.add(header)
+    /// }
+    ///
+    /// // Ensure there are three headers via the iterator.
+    /// assert_eq!(map.iter().count(), 3);
+    ///
+    /// // Actually iterate through them.
+    /// for header in map.iter() {
+    ///     match header.name() {
+    ///         "X-Custom" => assert_eq!(header.value(), "value_1"),
+    ///         "X-Other" => assert_eq!(header.value(), "other"),
+    ///         "X-Third" => assert_eq!(header.value(), "third"),
+    ///         _ => unreachable!("there are only three headers")
+    ///     }
+    /// }
+    /// ```
+    pub fn iter(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item=Header> {
+        self.headers.iter().flat_map(|(key, values)| {
+            values.iter().map(move |val| {
+                Header::new(key.as_str(), &**val)
+            })
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Consumes `self` and returns an iterator over all of the `Header`s stored
+    /// in the map. Header names are returned in no specific order, but all
+    /// values for a given header name are grouped together, and values are in
+    /// FIFO order.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate rocket;
+    /// use rocket::http::{HeaderMap, Header};
+    ///
+    /// // The headers we'll be storing.
+    /// let all_headers = vec![
+    ///     Header::new("X-Custom", "value_1"),
+    ///     Header::new("X-Other", "other"),
+    ///     Header::new("X-Third", "third"),
+    /// ];
+    ///
+    /// // Create a map, store all of the headers.
+    /// let mut map = HeaderMap::new();
+    /// for header in all_headers {
+    ///     map.add(header)
+    /// }
+    ///
+    /// // Ensure there are three headers via the iterator.
+    /// assert_eq!(map.iter().count(), 3);
+    ///
+    /// // Actually iterate through them.
+    /// for header in map.into_iter() {
+    ///     match header.name() {
+    ///         "X-Custom" => assert_eq!(header.value(), "value_1"),
+    ///         "X-Other" => assert_eq!(header.value(), "other"),
+    ///         "X-Third" => assert_eq!(header.value(), "third"),
+    ///         _ => unreachable!("there are only three headers")
+    ///     }
+    /// }
+    /// ```
+    // TODO: Implement IntoIterator.
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn into_iter(self) -> impl Iterator<Item=Header<'h>> {
+        self.headers.into_iter().flat_map(|(name, value)| {
+            value.into_iter().map(move |value| {
+                Header { name: name.clone(), value }
+            })
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Consumes `self` and returns an iterator over all of the headers stored
+    /// in the map in the way they are stored. This is a low-level mechanism and
+    /// should likely not be used.
+    /// WARNING: This is unstable! Do not use this method outside of Rocket!
+    #[doc(hidden)]
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn into_iter_raw(self)
+            -> impl Iterator<Item=(Uncased<'h>, Vec<Cow<'h, str>>)> {
+        self.headers.into_iter()
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::HeaderMap;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn case_insensitive_add_get() {
+        let mut map = HeaderMap::new();
+        map.add_raw("content-type", "application/json");
+
+        let ct = map.get_one("Content-Type");
+        assert_eq!(ct, Some("application/json"));
+
+        let ct2 = map.get_one("CONTENT-TYPE");
+        assert_eq!(ct2, Some("application/json"))
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn case_insensitive_multiadd() {
+        let mut map = HeaderMap::new();
+        map.add_raw("x-custom", "a");
+        map.add_raw("X-Custom", "b");
+        map.add_raw("x-CUSTOM", "c");
+
+        let vals: Vec<_> = map.get("x-CuStOm").collect();
+        assert_eq!(vals, vec!["a", "b", "c"]);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/src/hyper.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/src/hyper.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..12902e92
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/src/hyper.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+//! Re-exported hyper HTTP library types.
+//!
+//! All types that are re-exported from Hyper reside inside of this module.
+//! These types will, with certainty, be removed with time, but they reside here
+//! while necessary.
+
+extern crate hyper;
+
+#[doc(hidden)] pub use self::hyper::server::Request as Request;
+#[doc(hidden)] pub use self::hyper::server::Response as Response;
+#[doc(hidden)] pub use self::hyper::server::Server as Server;
+#[doc(hidden)] pub use self::hyper::server::Handler as Handler;
+
+#[doc(hidden)] pub use self::hyper::net;
+
+#[doc(hidden)] pub use self::hyper::method::Method;
+#[doc(hidden)] pub use self::hyper::status::StatusCode;
+#[doc(hidden)] pub use self::hyper::error::Error;
+#[doc(hidden)] pub use self::hyper::uri::RequestUri;
+#[doc(hidden)] pub use self::hyper::http::h1;
+#[doc(hidden)] pub use self::hyper::buffer;
+
+pub use self::hyper::mime;
+
+/// Type alias to `self::hyper::Response<'a, self::hyper::net::Fresh>`.
+#[doc(hidden)] pub type FreshResponse<'a> = self::Response<'a, self::net::Fresh>;
+
+/// Reexported Hyper header types.
+pub mod header {
+    use Header;
+
+    use super::hyper::header::Header as HyperHeaderTrait;
+
+    macro_rules! import_hyper_items {
+        ($($item:ident),*) => ($(pub use super::hyper::header::$item;)*)
+    }
+
+    macro_rules! import_hyper_headers {
+        ($($name:ident),*) => ($(
+            impl ::std::convert::From<self::$name> for Header<'static> {
+                fn from(header: self::$name) -> Header<'static> {
+                    Header::new($name::header_name(), header.to_string())
+                }
+            }
+        )*)
+    }
+
+    import_hyper_items! {
+        Accept, AcceptCharset, AcceptEncoding, AcceptLanguage, AcceptRanges,
+        AccessControlAllowCredentials, AccessControlAllowHeaders,
+        AccessControlAllowMethods, AccessControlExposeHeaders,
+        AccessControlMaxAge, AccessControlRequestHeaders,
+        AccessControlRequestMethod, Allow, Authorization, Basic, Bearer,
+        CacheControl, Connection, ContentDisposition, ContentEncoding,
+        ContentLanguage, ContentLength, ContentRange, ContentType, Date, ETag,
+        EntityTag, Expires, From, Headers, Host, HttpDate, IfModifiedSince,
+        IfUnmodifiedSince, LastModified, Location, Origin, Prefer,
+        PreferenceApplied, Protocol, Quality, QualityItem, Referer,
+        StrictTransportSecurity, TransferEncoding, Upgrade, UserAgent,
+        AccessControlAllowOrigin, ByteRangeSpec, CacheDirective, Charset,
+        ConnectionOption, ContentRangeSpec, DispositionParam, DispositionType,
+        Encoding, Expect, IfMatch, IfNoneMatch, IfRange, Pragma, Preference,
+        ProtocolName, Range, RangeUnit, ReferrerPolicy, Vary, Scheme, q, qitem
+    }
+
+    import_hyper_headers! {
+        Accept, AccessControlAllowCredentials, AccessControlAllowHeaders,
+        AccessControlAllowMethods, AccessControlAllowOrigin,
+        AccessControlExposeHeaders, AccessControlMaxAge,
+        AccessControlRequestHeaders, AccessControlRequestMethod, AcceptCharset,
+        AcceptEncoding, AcceptLanguage, AcceptRanges, Allow, CacheControl,
+        Connection, ContentDisposition, ContentEncoding, ContentLanguage,
+        ContentLength, ContentRange, Date, ETag, Expect, Expires, Host, IfMatch,
+        IfModifiedSince, IfNoneMatch, IfRange, IfUnmodifiedSince, LastModified,
+        Location, Origin, Pragma, Prefer, PreferenceApplied, Range, Referer,
+        ReferrerPolicy, StrictTransportSecurity, TransferEncoding, Upgrade,
+        UserAgent, Vary
+    }
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/src/known_media_types.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/src/known_media_types.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d2458579
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/src/known_media_types.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+macro_rules! known_media_types {
+    ($cont:ident) => ($cont! {
+        Any (is_any): "any media type", "*", "*",
+        Binary (is_binary): "binary data", "application", "octet-stream",
+        HTML (is_html): "HTML", "text", "html" ; "charset" => "utf-8",
+        Plain (is_plain): "plain text", "text", "plain" ; "charset" => "utf-8",
+        JSON (is_json): "JSON", "application", "json",
+        MsgPack (is_msgpack): "MsgPack", "application", "msgpack",
+        Form (is_form): "forms", "application", "x-www-form-urlencoded",
+        JavaScript (is_javascript): "JavaScript", "application", "javascript",
+        CSS (is_css): "CSS", "text", "css" ; "charset" => "utf-8",
+        FormData (is_form_data): "multipart form data", "multipart", "form-data",
+        XML (is_xml): "XML", "text", "xml" ; "charset" => "utf-8",
+        CSV (is_csv): "CSV", "text", "csv" ; "charset" => "utf-8",
+        PNG (is_png): "PNG", "image", "png",
+        GIF (is_gif): "GIF", "image", "gif",
+        BMP (is_bmp): "BMP", "image", "bmp",
+        JPEG (is_jpeg): "JPEG", "image", "jpeg",
+        WEBP (is_webp): "WEBP", "image", "webp",
+        SVG (is_svg): "SVG", "image", "svg+xml",
+        Icon (is_icon): "Icon", "image", "x-icon",
+        WEBM (is_webm): "WEBM", "video", "webm",
+        WEBA (is_weba): "WEBM Audio", "audio", "webm",
+        OGG (is_ogg): "OGG Video", "video", "ogg",
+        FLAC (is_flac): "FLAC", "audio", "flac",
+        WAV (is_wav): "WAV", "audio", "wav",
+        PDF (is_pdf): "PDF", "application", "pdf",
+        TTF (is_ttf): "TTF", "application", "font-sfnt",
+        OTF (is_otf): "OTF", "application", "font-sfnt",
+        WOFF (is_woff): "WOFF", "application", "font-woff",
+        WOFF2 (is_woff2): "WOFF2", "font", "woff2",
+        JsonApi (is_json_api): "JSON API", "application", "vnd.api+json",
+        WASM (is_wasm): "WASM", "application", "wasm",
+        TIFF (is_tiff): "TIFF", "image", "tiff",
+        AAC (is_aac): "AAC Audio", "audio", "aac",
+        Calendar (is_ical): "iCalendar", "text", "calendar",
+        MPEG (is_mpeg): "MPEG Video", "video", "mpeg",
+        TAR (is_tar): "tape archive", "application", "x-tar",
+        GZIP (is_gzip): "gzipped binary", "application", "gzip",
+        MOV (is_mov): "quicktime video", "video", "quicktime",
+        MP4 (is_mp4): "MPEG4 Video", "video", "mp4",
+        ZIP (is_zip): "ZIP archive", "application", "zip",
+    })
+}
+
+macro_rules! known_extensions {
+    ($cont:ident) => ($cont! {
+        "txt" => Plain,
+        "html" => HTML,
+        "htm" => HTML,
+        "xml" => XML,
+        "csv" => CSV,
+        "js" => JavaScript,
+        "css" => CSS,
+        "json" => JSON,
+        "png" => PNG,
+        "gif" => GIF,
+        "bmp" => BMP,
+        "jpeg" => JPEG,
+        "jpg" => JPEG,
+        "webp" => WEBP,
+        "svg" => SVG,
+        "ico" => Icon,
+        "flac" => FLAC,
+        "wav" => WAV,
+        "webm" => WEBM,
+        "weba" => WEBA,
+        "ogg" => OGG,
+        "ogv" => OGG,
+        "pdf" => PDF,
+        "ttf" => TTF,
+        "otf" => OTF,
+        "woff" => WOFF,
+        "woff2" => WOFF2,
+        "mp4" => MP4,
+        "mpeg4" => MP4,
+        "wasm" => WASM,
+        "aac" => AAC,
+        "ics" => Calendar,
+        "bin" => Binary,
+        "mpg" => MPEG,
+        "mpeg" => MPEG,
+        "tar" => TAR,
+        "gz" => GZIP,
+        "tif" => TIFF,
+        "tiff" => TIFF,
+        "mov" => MOV,
+        "zip" => ZIP,
+    })
+}
+
+macro_rules! known_shorthands {
+    ($cont:ident) => ($cont! {
+        "any" => Any,
+        "binary" => Binary,
+        "html" => HTML,
+        "plain" => Plain,
+        "json" => JSON,
+        "msgpack" => MsgPack,
+        "form" => Form,
+        "js" => JavaScript,
+        "css" => CSS,
+        "multipart" => FormData,
+        "xml" => XML,
+    })
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/src/lib.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/src/lib.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1ecef5ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/src/lib.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+#![allow(incomplete_features)]
+#![feature(specialization)]
+#![feature(proc_macro_hygiene)]
+#![feature(doc_cfg)]
+#![recursion_limit="512"]
+
+//! Types that map to concepts in HTTP.
+//!
+//! This module exports types that map to HTTP concepts or to the underlying
+//! HTTP library when needed. Because the underlying HTTP library is likely to
+//! change (see [#17]), types in [`hyper`] should be considered unstable.
+//!
+//! [#17]: https://github.com/SergioBenitez/Rocket/issues/17
+
+#[macro_use] extern crate pear;
+extern crate percent_encoding;
+extern crate smallvec;
+extern crate cookie;
+extern crate time;
+extern crate indexmap;
+extern crate state;
+extern crate unicode_xid;
+
+pub mod hyper;
+pub mod uri;
+pub mod ext;
+
+#[doc(hidden)]
+#[cfg(feature = "tls")]
+pub mod tls;
+
+#[doc(hidden)]
+pub mod route;
+
+#[macro_use]
+mod docify;
+#[macro_use]
+mod known_media_types;
+mod cookies;
+mod method;
+mod media_type;
+mod content_type;
+mod status;
+mod header;
+mod accept;
+mod raw_str;
+
+pub(crate) mod parse;
+
+pub mod uncased;
+
+#[doc(hidden)]
+pub mod private {
+    // We need to export these for codegen, but otherwise it's unnecessary.
+    // TODO: Expose a `const fn` from ContentType when possible. (see RFC#1817)
+    // FIXME(rustc): These show up in the rexported module.
+    pub use parse::Indexed;
+    pub use media_type::{MediaParams, Source};
+    pub use smallvec::{SmallVec, Array};
+
+    // This one we need to expose for core.
+    pub use cookies::{Key, CookieJar};
+}
+
+pub use method::Method;
+pub use content_type::ContentType;
+pub use accept::{Accept, QMediaType};
+pub use status::{Status, StatusClass};
+pub use header::{Header, HeaderMap};
+pub use raw_str::RawStr;
+
+pub use media_type::MediaType;
+pub use cookies::{Cookie, SameSite, Cookies};
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/src/media_type.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/src/media_type.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7b324ccf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/src/media_type.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,548 @@
+use std::borrow::{Cow, Borrow};
+use std::str::FromStr;
+use std::fmt;
+use std::hash::{Hash, Hasher};
+
+use ext::IntoCollection;
+use uncased::{uncased_eq, UncasedStr};
+use parse::{Indexed, IndexedString, parse_media_type};
+
+use smallvec::SmallVec;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+struct MediaParam {
+    key: IndexedString,
+    value: IndexedString,
+}
+
+// FIXME: `Static` is needed for `const` items. Need `const SmallVec::new`.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub enum MediaParams {
+    Static(&'static [(IndexedString, IndexedString)]),
+    Dynamic(SmallVec<[(IndexedString, IndexedString); 2]>)
+}
+
+impl ::pear::parsers::Collection for MediaParams {
+    type Item = (IndexedString, IndexedString);
+
+    fn new() -> Self {
+        MediaParams::Dynamic(SmallVec::new())
+    }
+
+    fn add(&mut self, item: Self::Item) {
+        match *self {
+            MediaParams::Static(..) => panic!("can't add to static collection!"),
+            MediaParams::Dynamic(ref mut v) => v.push(item)
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum Source {
+    Known(&'static str),
+    Custom(Cow<'static, str>),
+    None
+}
+
+impl Source {
+    #[inline]
+    fn as_str(&self) -> Option<&str> {
+        match *self {
+            Source::Known(s) => Some(s),
+            Source::Custom(ref s) => Some(s.borrow()),
+            Source::None => None
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// An HTTP media type.
+///
+/// # Usage
+///
+/// A `MediaType` should rarely be used directly. Instead, one is typically used
+/// indirectly via types like [`Accept`] and [`ContentType`], which internally
+/// contain `MediaType`s. Nonetheless, a `MediaType` can be created via the
+/// [`MediaType::new()`], [`MediaType::with_params()`], and
+/// [`MediaType::from_extension`()] methods. The preferred method, however, is
+/// to create a `MediaType` via an associated constant.
+///
+/// ## Example
+///
+/// A media type of `application/json` can be instantiated via the
+/// [`MediaType::JSON`] constant:
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// # extern crate rocket;
+/// use rocket::http::MediaType;
+///
+/// let json = MediaType::JSON;
+/// assert_eq!(json.top(), "application");
+/// assert_eq!(json.sub(), "json");
+///
+/// let json = MediaType::new("application", "json");
+/// assert_eq!(MediaType::JSON, json);
+/// ```
+///
+/// # Comparison and Hashing
+///
+/// The `PartialEq` and `Hash` implementations for `MediaType` _do not_ take
+/// into account parameters. This means that a media type of `text/html` is
+/// equal to a media type of `text/html; charset=utf-8`, for instance. This is
+/// typically the comparison that is desired.
+///
+/// If an exact comparison is desired that takes into account parameters, the
+/// [`exact_eq()`](MediaType::exact_eq()) method can be used.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct MediaType {
+    /// Storage for the entire media type string.
+    #[doc(hidden)]
+    pub source: Source,
+    /// The top-level type.
+    #[doc(hidden)]
+    pub top: IndexedString,
+    /// The subtype.
+    #[doc(hidden)]
+    pub sub: IndexedString,
+    /// The parameters, if any.
+    #[doc(hidden)]
+    pub params: MediaParams
+}
+
+macro_rules! media_str {
+    ($string:expr) => (Indexed::Concrete(Cow::Borrowed($string)))
+}
+
+macro_rules! media_types {
+    ($($name:ident ($check:ident): $str:expr, $t:expr,
+        $s:expr $(; $k:expr => $v:expr)*,)+) => {
+    $(
+        docify!([
+            Media Type for @{"**"}! @{$str}! @{"**"}!: @{"`"} @{$t}! @[/]! @{$s}!
+            $(; @{$k}! @[=]! @{$v}!)* @{"`"}!.
+        ];
+            #[allow(non_upper_case_globals)]
+            pub const $name: MediaType = MediaType {
+                source: Source::Known(concat!($t, "/", $s, $("; ", $k, "=", $v),*)),
+                top: media_str!($t),
+                sub: media_str!($s),
+                params: MediaParams::Static(&[$((media_str!($k), media_str!($v))),*])
+            };
+        );
+    )+
+
+    /// Returns `true` if this MediaType is known to Rocket. In other words,
+    /// returns `true` if there is an associated constant for `self`.
+    pub fn is_known(&self) -> bool {
+        if let Source::Known(_) = self.source {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        $(if self.$check() { return true })+
+        false
+    }
+
+    $(
+        docify!([
+            Returns @code{true} if the @[top-level] and sublevel types of
+            @code{self} are the same as those of @{"`MediaType::"}! $name
+            @{"`"}!.
+        ];
+            #[inline(always)]
+            pub fn $check(&self) -> bool {
+                *self == MediaType::$name
+            }
+        );
+    )+
+}}
+
+macro_rules! from_extension {
+    ($($ext:expr => $name:ident,)*) => (
+    docify!([
+        Returns the @[Media-Type] associated with the extension @code{ext}. Not
+        all extensions are recognized. If an extensions is not recognized,
+        @code{None} is returned. The currently recognized extensions are:
+
+        @nl
+        $(* @{$ext} - @{"`MediaType::"}! @[$name]! @{"`"} @nl)*
+        @nl
+
+        This list is likely to grow. Extensions are matched
+        @[case-insensitively.]
+    ];
+        /// # Example
+        ///
+        /// Recognized media types:
+        ///
+        /// ```rust
+        /// # extern crate rocket;
+        /// use rocket::http::MediaType;
+        ///
+        /// let xml = MediaType::from_extension("xml");
+        /// assert_eq!(xml, Some(MediaType::XML));
+        ///
+        /// let xml = MediaType::from_extension("XML");
+        /// assert_eq!(xml, Some(MediaType::XML));
+        /// ```
+        ///
+        /// An unrecognized media type:
+        ///
+        /// ```rust
+        /// # extern crate rocket;
+        /// use rocket::http::MediaType;
+        ///
+        /// let foo = MediaType::from_extension("foo");
+        /// assert!(foo.is_none());
+        /// ```
+        pub fn from_extension(ext: &str) -> Option<MediaType> {
+            match ext {
+                $(x if uncased_eq(x, $ext) => Some(MediaType::$name)),*,
+                _ => None
+            }
+        }
+    );)
+}
+
+macro_rules! parse_flexible {
+    ($($short:expr => $name:ident,)*) => (
+    docify!([
+        Flexibly parses @code{name} into a @code{MediaType}. The parse is
+        @[_flexible_] because, in addition to stricly correct media types, it
+        recognizes the following shorthands:
+
+        @nl
+        $(* $short - @{"`MediaType::"}! @[$name]! @{"`"} @nl)*
+        @nl
+    ];
+        /// For regular parsing, use the
+        /// [`MediaType::from_str()`](#impl-FromStr) method.
+        ///
+        /// # Example
+        ///
+        /// Using a shorthand:
+        ///
+        /// ```rust
+        /// # extern crate rocket;
+        /// use rocket::http::MediaType;
+        ///
+        /// let html = MediaType::parse_flexible("html");
+        /// assert_eq!(html, Some(MediaType::HTML));
+        ///
+        /// let json = MediaType::parse_flexible("json");
+        /// assert_eq!(json, Some(MediaType::JSON));
+        /// ```
+        ///
+        /// Using the full media type:
+        ///
+        /// ```rust
+        /// # extern crate rocket;
+        /// use rocket::http::MediaType;
+        ///
+        /// let html = MediaType::parse_flexible("text/html; charset=utf-8");
+        /// assert_eq!(html, Some(MediaType::HTML));
+        ///
+        /// let json = MediaType::parse_flexible("application/json");
+        /// assert_eq!(json, Some(MediaType::JSON));
+        ///
+        /// let custom = MediaType::parse_flexible("application/x+custom");
+        /// assert_eq!(custom, Some(MediaType::new("application", "x+custom")));
+        /// ```
+        ///
+        /// An unrecognized media type:
+        ///
+        /// ```rust
+        /// # extern crate rocket;
+        /// use rocket::http::MediaType;
+        ///
+        /// let foo = MediaType::parse_flexible("foo");
+        /// assert_eq!(foo, None);
+        ///
+        /// let bar = MediaType::parse_flexible("foo/bar/baz");
+        /// assert_eq!(bar, None);
+        /// ```
+        pub fn parse_flexible(name: &str) -> Option<MediaType> {
+            match name {
+                $(x if uncased_eq(x, $short) => Some(MediaType::$name)),*,
+                _ => MediaType::from_str(name).ok(),
+            }
+        }
+    );)
+}
+
+impl MediaType {
+    /// Creates a new `MediaType` with top-level type `top` and subtype `sub`.
+    /// This should _only_ be used to construct uncommon or custom media types.
+    /// Use an associated constant for everything else.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// Create a custom `application/x-person` media type:
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate rocket;
+    /// use rocket::http::MediaType;
+    ///
+    /// let custom = MediaType::new("application", "x-person");
+    /// assert_eq!(custom.top(), "application");
+    /// assert_eq!(custom.sub(), "x-person");
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn new<T, S>(top: T, sub: S) -> MediaType
+        where T: Into<Cow<'static, str>>, S: Into<Cow<'static, str>>
+    {
+        MediaType {
+            source: Source::None,
+            top: Indexed::Concrete(top.into()),
+            sub: Indexed::Concrete(sub.into()),
+            params: MediaParams::Static(&[]),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Creates a new `MediaType` with top-level type `top`, subtype `sub`, and
+    /// parameters `ps`. This should _only_ be used to construct uncommon or
+    /// custom media types. Use an associated constant for everything else.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// Create a custom `application/x-id; id=1` media type:
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate rocket;
+    /// use rocket::http::MediaType;
+    ///
+    /// let id = MediaType::with_params("application", "x-id", ("id", "1"));
+    /// assert_eq!(id.to_string(), "application/x-id; id=1".to_string());
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// Create a custom `text/person; name=bob; weight=175` media type:
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate rocket;
+    /// use rocket::http::MediaType;
+    ///
+    /// let params = vec![("name", "bob"), ("ref", "2382")];
+    /// let mt = MediaType::with_params("text", "person", params);
+    /// assert_eq!(mt.to_string(), "text/person; name=bob; ref=2382".to_string());
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn with_params<T, S, K, V, P>(top: T, sub: S, ps: P) -> MediaType
+        where T: Into<Cow<'static, str>>, S: Into<Cow<'static, str>>,
+              K: Into<Cow<'static, str>>, V: Into<Cow<'static, str>>,
+              P: IntoCollection<(K, V)>
+    {
+        let params = ps.mapped(|(key, val)| (
+            Indexed::Concrete(key.into()),
+            Indexed::Concrete(val.into())
+        ));
+
+        MediaType {
+            source: Source::None,
+            top: Indexed::Concrete(top.into()),
+            sub: Indexed::Concrete(sub.into()),
+            params: MediaParams::Dynamic(params)
+        }
+    }
+
+    known_shorthands!(parse_flexible);
+
+    known_extensions!(from_extension);
+
+    /// Returns the top-level type for this media type. The return type,
+    /// `UncasedStr`, has caseless equality comparison and hashing.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate rocket;
+    /// use rocket::http::MediaType;
+    ///
+    /// let plain = MediaType::Plain;
+    /// assert_eq!(plain.top(), "text");
+    /// assert_eq!(plain.top(), "TEXT");
+    /// assert_eq!(plain.top(), "Text");
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn top(&self) -> &UncasedStr {
+        self.top.from_source(self.source.as_str()).into()
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the subtype for this media type. The return type,
+    /// `UncasedStr`, has caseless equality comparison and hashing.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate rocket;
+    /// use rocket::http::MediaType;
+    ///
+    /// let plain = MediaType::Plain;
+    /// assert_eq!(plain.sub(), "plain");
+    /// assert_eq!(plain.sub(), "PlaIN");
+    /// assert_eq!(plain.sub(), "pLaIn");
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn sub(&self) -> &UncasedStr {
+        self.sub.from_source(self.source.as_str()).into()
+    }
+
+    /// Returns a `u8` representing how specific the top-level type and subtype
+    /// of this media type are.
+    ///
+    /// The return value is either `0`, `1`, or `2`, where `2` is the most
+    /// specific. A `0` is returned when both the top and sublevel types are
+    /// `*`. A `1` is returned when only one of the top or sublevel types is
+    /// `*`, and a `2` is returned when neither the top or sublevel types are
+    /// `*`.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate rocket;
+    /// use rocket::http::MediaType;
+    ///
+    /// let mt = MediaType::Plain;
+    /// assert_eq!(mt.specificity(), 2);
+    ///
+    /// let mt = MediaType::new("text", "*");
+    /// assert_eq!(mt.specificity(), 1);
+    ///
+    /// let mt = MediaType::Any;
+    /// assert_eq!(mt.specificity(), 0);
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn specificity(&self) -> u8 {
+        (self.top() != "*") as u8 + (self.sub() != "*") as u8
+    }
+
+    /// Compares `self` with `other` and returns `true` if `self` and `other`
+    /// are exactly equal to each other, including with respect to their
+    /// parameters.
+    ///
+    /// This is different from the `PartialEq` implementation in that it
+    /// considers parameters. If `PartialEq` returns false, this function is
+    /// guaranteed to return false. Similarly, if this function returns `true`,
+    /// `PartialEq` is guaranteed to return true. However, if `PartialEq`
+    /// returns `true`, this function may or may not return `true`.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate rocket;
+    /// use rocket::http::MediaType;
+    ///
+    /// let plain = MediaType::Plain;
+    /// let plain2 = MediaType::with_params("text", "plain", ("charset", "utf-8"));
+    /// let just_plain = MediaType::new("text", "plain");
+    ///
+    /// // The `PartialEq` implementation doesn't consider parameters.
+    /// assert!(plain == just_plain);
+    /// assert!(just_plain == plain2);
+    /// assert!(plain == plain2);
+    ///
+    /// // While `exact_eq` does.
+    /// assert!(!plain.exact_eq(&just_plain));
+    /// assert!(!plain2.exact_eq(&just_plain));
+    /// assert!(plain.exact_eq(&plain2));
+    /// ```
+    pub fn exact_eq(&self, other: &MediaType) -> bool {
+        self == other && {
+            let (mut a_params, mut b_params) = (self.params(), other.params());
+            loop {
+                match (a_params.next(), b_params.next()) {
+                    (Some(a), Some(b)) if a != b => return false,
+                    (Some(_), Some(_)) => continue,
+                    (Some(_), None) => return false,
+                    (None, Some(_)) => return false,
+                    (None, None) => return true
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns an iterator over the (key, value) pairs of the media type's
+    /// parameter list. The iterator will be empty if the media type has no
+    /// parameters.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// The `MediaType::Plain` type has one parameter: `charset=utf-8`:
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate rocket;
+    /// use rocket::http::MediaType;
+    ///
+    /// let plain = MediaType::Plain;
+    /// let plain_params: Vec<_> = plain.params().collect();
+    /// assert_eq!(plain_params, vec![("charset", "utf-8")]);
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// The `MediaType::PNG` type has no parameters:
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate rocket;
+    /// use rocket::http::MediaType;
+    ///
+    /// let png = MediaType::PNG;
+    /// assert_eq!(png.params().count(), 0);
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn params<'a>(&'a self) -> impl Iterator<Item=(&'a str, &'a str)> + 'a {
+        let param_slice = match self.params {
+            MediaParams::Static(slice) => slice,
+            MediaParams::Dynamic(ref vec) => &vec[..],
+        };
+
+        param_slice.iter()
+            .map(move |&(ref key, ref val)| {
+                let source_str = self.source.as_str();
+                (key.from_source(source_str), val.from_source(source_str))
+            })
+    }
+
+    known_media_types!(media_types);
+}
+
+impl FromStr for MediaType {
+    // Ideally we'd return a `ParseError`, but that requires a lifetime.
+    type Err = String;
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn from_str(raw: &str) -> Result<MediaType, String> {
+        parse_media_type(raw).map_err(|e| e.to_string())
+    }
+}
+
+impl PartialEq for MediaType {
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn eq(&self, other: &MediaType) -> bool {
+        self.top() == other.top() && self.sub() == other.sub()
+    }
+}
+
+impl Hash for MediaType {
+    #[inline]
+    fn hash<H: Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) {
+        self.top().hash(state);
+        self.sub().hash(state);
+
+        for (key, val) in self.params() {
+            key.hash(state);
+            val.hash(state);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl fmt::Display for MediaType {
+    #[inline]
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+        if let Source::Known(src) = self.source {
+            src.fmt(f)
+        } else {
+            write!(f, "{}/{}", self.top(), self.sub())?;
+            for (key, val) in self.params() {
+                write!(f, "; {}={}", key, val)?;
+            }
+
+            Ok(())
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/src/method.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/src/method.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..78a1fe6e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/src/method.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+use std::fmt;
+use std::str::FromStr;
+
+use {hyper, uncased::uncased_eq};
+
+use self::Method::*;
+
+// TODO: Support non-standard methods, here and in codegen.
+
+/// Representation of HTTP methods.
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Debug)]
+pub enum Method {
+    Get,
+    Put,
+    Post,
+    Delete,
+    Options,
+    Head,
+    Trace,
+    Connect,
+    Patch
+}
+
+impl Method {
+    /// WARNING: This is unstable! Do not use this method outside of Rocket!
+    #[doc(hidden)]
+    pub fn from_hyp(method: &hyper::Method) -> Option<Method> {
+        match *method {
+            hyper::Method::Get => Some(Get),
+            hyper::Method::Put => Some(Put),
+            hyper::Method::Post => Some(Post),
+            hyper::Method::Delete => Some(Delete),
+            hyper::Method::Options => Some(Options),
+            hyper::Method::Head => Some(Head),
+            hyper::Method::Trace => Some(Trace),
+            hyper::Method::Connect => Some(Connect),
+            hyper::Method::Patch => Some(Patch),
+            hyper::Method::Extension(_) => None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns `true` if an HTTP request with the method represented by `self`
+    /// always supports a payload.
+    ///
+    /// The following methods always support payloads:
+    ///
+    ///   * `PUT`, `POST`, `DELETE`, `PATCH`
+    ///
+    /// The following methods _do not_ always support payloads:
+    ///
+    ///   * `GET`, `HEAD`, `CONNECT`, `TRACE`, `OPTIONS`
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate rocket;
+    /// use rocket::http::Method;
+    ///
+    /// assert_eq!(Method::Get.supports_payload(), false);
+    /// assert_eq!(Method::Post.supports_payload(), true);
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn supports_payload(self) -> bool {
+        match self {
+            Put | Post | Delete | Patch => true,
+            Get | Head | Connect | Trace | Options => false,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the string representation of `self`.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate rocket;
+    /// use rocket::http::Method;
+    ///
+    /// assert_eq!(Method::Get.as_str(), "GET");
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn as_str(self) -> &'static str {
+        match self {
+            Get => "GET",
+            Put => "PUT",
+            Post => "POST",
+            Delete => "DELETE",
+            Options => "OPTIONS",
+            Head => "HEAD",
+            Trace => "TRACE",
+            Connect => "CONNECT",
+            Patch => "PATCH",
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl FromStr for Method {
+    type Err = ();
+
+    // According to the RFC, method names are case-sensitive. But some old
+    // clients don't follow this, so we just do a case-insensitive match here.
+    fn from_str(s: &str) -> Result<Method, ()> {
+        match s {
+            x if uncased_eq(x, Get.as_str()) => Ok(Get),
+            x if uncased_eq(x, Put.as_str()) => Ok(Put),
+            x if uncased_eq(x, Post.as_str()) => Ok(Post),
+            x if uncased_eq(x, Delete.as_str()) => Ok(Delete),
+            x if uncased_eq(x, Options.as_str()) => Ok(Options),
+            x if uncased_eq(x, Head.as_str()) => Ok(Head),
+            x if uncased_eq(x, Trace.as_str()) => Ok(Trace),
+            x if uncased_eq(x, Connect.as_str()) => Ok(Connect),
+            x if uncased_eq(x, Patch.as_str()) => Ok(Patch),
+            _ => Err(()),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl fmt::Display for Method {
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+        self.as_str().fmt(f)
+    }
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/src/parse/accept.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/src/parse/accept.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2b42ed57
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/src/parse/accept.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+use pear::parser;
+use pear::parsers::*;
+
+use {Accept, QMediaType};
+use parse::checkers::is_whitespace;
+use parse::media_type::media_type;
+
+type Input<'a> = ::parse::IndexedInput<'a, str>;
+type Result<'a, T> = ::pear::Result<T, Input<'a>>;
+
+#[parser]
+fn weighted_media_type<'a>(input: &mut Input<'a>) -> Result<'a, QMediaType> {
+    let media_type = media_type()?;
+    let weight = match media_type.params().next() {
+        Some(("q", value)) if value.len() <= 5 => match value.parse::<f32>().ok() {
+            Some(q) if q > 1. => return Err(pear_error!("q value must be <= 1")),
+            Some(q) if q < 0. => return Err(pear_error!("q value must be > 0")),
+            Some(q) => Some(q),
+            None => return Err(pear_error!("invalid media-type weight"))
+        },
+        _ => None
+    };
+
+    QMediaType(media_type, weight)
+}
+
+#[parser]
+fn accept<'a>(input: &mut Input<'a>) -> Result<'a, Accept> {
+    Accept(series(false, ',', is_whitespace, weighted_media_type)?)
+}
+
+pub fn parse_accept(input: &str) -> Result<Accept> {
+    parse!(accept: &mut input.into())
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+    use MediaType;
+    use super::parse_accept;
+
+    macro_rules! assert_parse {
+        ($string:expr) => ({
+            match parse_accept($string) {
+                Ok(accept) => accept,
+                Err(e) => panic!("{:?} failed to parse: {}", $string, e)
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    macro_rules! assert_parse_eq {
+        ($string:expr, [$($mt:expr),*]) => ({
+            let expected = vec![$($mt),*];
+            let result = assert_parse!($string);
+            for (i, wmt) in result.iter().enumerate() {
+                assert_eq!(wmt.media_type(), &expected[i]);
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn check_does_parse() {
+        assert_parse!("text/html");
+        assert_parse!("*/*, a/b; q=1.0; v=1, application/something, a/b");
+        assert_parse!("a/b, b/c");
+        assert_parse!("text/*");
+        assert_parse!("text/*; q=1");
+        assert_parse!("text/*; q=1; level=2");
+        assert_parse!("audio/*; q=0.2, audio/basic");
+        assert_parse!("text/plain; q=0.5, text/html, text/x-dvi; q=0.8, text/x-c");
+        assert_parse!("text/*, text/html, text/html;level=1, */*");
+        assert_parse!("text/*;q=0.3, text/html;q=0.7, text/html;level=1, \
+               text/html;level=2;q=0.4, */*;q=0.5");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn check_parse_eq() {
+        assert_parse_eq!("text/html", [MediaType::HTML]);
+        assert_parse_eq!("text/html, application/json",
+                         [MediaType::HTML, MediaType::JSON]);
+        assert_parse_eq!("text/html; charset=utf-8; v=1, application/json",
+                         [MediaType::HTML, MediaType::JSON]);
+        assert_parse_eq!("text/html, text/html; q=0.1, text/html; q=0.2",
+                         [MediaType::HTML, MediaType::HTML, MediaType::HTML]);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/src/parse/checkers.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/src/parse/checkers.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ae9d21ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/src/parse/checkers.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#[inline(always)]
+pub fn is_whitespace(byte: char) -> bool {
+    byte == ' ' || byte == '\t'
+}
+
+#[inline]
+pub fn is_valid_token(c: char) -> bool {
+    match c {
+        '0'..='9' | 'A'..='Z' | '^'..='~' | '#'..='\''
+            | '!' | '*' | '+' | '-' | '.'  => true,
+        _ => false
+    }
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/src/parse/indexed.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/src/parse/indexed.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7b028f70
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/src/parse/indexed.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,342 @@
+#![allow(dead_code)]
+
+use std::borrow::Cow;
+use std::ops::{Index, Range};
+use std::fmt::{self, Debug};
+
+use pear::{Input, Length};
+
+use ext::IntoOwned;
+
+pub type IndexedString = Indexed<'static, str>;
+pub type IndexedStr<'a> = Indexed<'a, str>;
+pub type IndexedBytes<'a> = Indexed<'a, [u8]>;
+
+pub trait AsPtr {
+    fn as_ptr(&self) -> *const u8;
+}
+
+impl AsPtr for str {
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn as_ptr(&self) -> *const u8 {
+        str::as_ptr(self)
+    }
+}
+
+impl AsPtr for [u8] {
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn as_ptr(&self) -> *const u8 {
+        <[u8]>::as_ptr(self)
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(PartialEq)]
+pub enum Indexed<'a, T: ?Sized + ToOwned + 'a> {
+    Indexed(usize, usize),
+    Concrete(Cow<'a, T>)
+}
+
+impl<'a, T: ?Sized + ToOwned + 'a, C: Into<Cow<'a, T>>> From<C> for Indexed<'a, T> {
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn from(value: C) -> Indexed<'a, T> {
+        Indexed::Concrete(value.into())
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a, T: ?Sized + ToOwned + 'a> Indexed<'a, T> {
+    /// Panics if `self` is not an `Indexed`.
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn indices(self) -> (usize, usize) {
+        match self {
+            Indexed::Indexed(a, b) => (a, b),
+            _ => panic!("cannot convert indexed T to U unless indexed")
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Panics if `self` is not an `Indexed`.
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn coerce<U: ?Sized + ToOwned>(self) -> Indexed<'a, U> {
+        match self {
+            Indexed::Indexed(a, b) => Indexed::Indexed(a, b),
+            _ => panic!("cannot convert indexed T to U unless indexed")
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Panics if `self` is not an `Indexed`.
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn coerce_lifetime<'b>(self) -> Indexed<'b, T> {
+        match self {
+            Indexed::Indexed(a, b) => Indexed::Indexed(a, b),
+            _ => panic!("cannot coerce lifetime unless indexed")
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a, T: 'static + ?Sized + ToOwned> IntoOwned for Indexed<'a, T> {
+    type Owned = Indexed<'static, T>;
+
+    fn into_owned(self) -> Indexed<'static, T> {
+        match self {
+            Indexed::Indexed(a, b) => Indexed::Indexed(a, b),
+            Indexed::Concrete(cow) => Indexed::Concrete(IntoOwned::into_owned(cow))
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+use std::ops::Add;
+
+impl<'a, T: ?Sized + ToOwned + 'a> Add for Indexed<'a, T> {
+    type Output = Indexed<'a, T>;
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn add(self, other: Indexed<'a, T>) -> Indexed<'a, T> {
+        match self {
+            Indexed::Indexed(a, b) => match other {
+                Indexed::Indexed(c, d) if b == c && a < d => Indexed::Indexed(a, d),
+                _ => panic!("+ requires indexed")
+            }
+            _ => panic!("+ requires indexed")
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a, T: ?Sized + ToOwned + 'a> Indexed<'a, T>
+    where T: Length + AsPtr + Index<Range<usize>, Output = T>
+{
+    // Returns `None` if `needle` is not a substring of `haystack`.
+    pub fn checked_from(needle: &T, haystack: &T) -> Option<Indexed<'a, T>> {
+        let haystack_start = haystack.as_ptr() as usize;
+        let needle_start = needle.as_ptr() as usize;
+
+        if needle_start < haystack_start {
+            return None;
+        }
+
+        if (needle_start + needle.len()) > (haystack_start + haystack.len()) {
+            return None;
+        }
+
+        let start = needle_start - haystack_start;
+        let end = start + needle.len();
+        Some(Indexed::Indexed(start, end))
+    }
+
+    // Caller must ensure that `needle` is a substring of `haystack`.
+    pub unsafe fn unchecked_from(needle: &T, haystack: &T) -> Indexed<'a, T> {
+        let haystack_start = haystack.as_ptr() as usize;
+        let needle_start = needle.as_ptr() as usize;
+
+        let start = needle_start - haystack_start;
+        let end = start + needle.len();
+        Indexed::Indexed(start, end)
+    }
+
+    /// Whether this string is derived from indexes or not.
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn is_indexed(&self) -> bool {
+        match *self {
+            Indexed::Indexed(..) => true,
+            Indexed::Concrete(..) => false,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Whether this string is derived from indexes or not.
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
+        self.len() == 0
+    }
+
+    /// Retrieves the string `self` corresponds to. If `self` is derived from
+    /// indexes, the corresponding subslice of `source` is returned. Otherwise,
+    /// the concrete string is returned.
+    ///
+    /// # Panics
+    ///
+    /// Panics if `self` is an indexed string and `string` is None.
+    // pub fn to_source(&self, source: Option<&'a T>) -> &T {
+    pub fn from_cow_source<'s>(&'s self, source: &'s Option<Cow<T>>) -> &'s T {
+        if self.is_indexed() && source.is_none() {
+            panic!("Cannot convert indexed str to str without base string!")
+        }
+
+        match *self {
+            Indexed::Indexed(i, j) => &source.as_ref().unwrap()[i..j],
+            Indexed::Concrete(ref mstr) => mstr.as_ref(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Retrieves the string `self` corresponds to. If `self` is derived from
+    /// indexes, the corresponding subslice of `string` is returned. Otherwise,
+    /// the concrete string is returned.
+    ///
+    /// # Panics
+    ///
+    /// Panics if `self` is an indexed string and `string` is None.
+    pub fn from_source<'s>(&'s self, source: Option<&'s T>) -> &'s T {
+        if self.is_indexed() && source.is_none() {
+            panic!("Cannot convert indexed str to str without base string!")
+        }
+
+        match *self {
+            Indexed::Indexed(i, j) => &source.unwrap()[(i as usize)..(j as usize)],
+            Indexed::Concrete(ref mstr) => &*mstr,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a, T: ToOwned + ?Sized + 'a> Clone for Indexed<'a, T> {
+    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
+        match *self {
+            Indexed::Indexed(a, b) => Indexed::Indexed(a, b),
+            Indexed::Concrete(ref cow) => Indexed::Concrete(cow.clone())
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a, T: ?Sized + 'a> Debug for Indexed<'a, T>
+    where T: ToOwned + Debug, T::Owned: Debug
+{
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+        match *self {
+            Indexed::Indexed(a, b) => fmt::Debug::fmt(&(a, b), f),
+            Indexed::Concrete(ref cow) => fmt::Debug::fmt(cow, f),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a, T: ?Sized + Length + ToOwned + 'a> Length for Indexed<'a, T> {
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn len(&self) -> usize {
+        match *self {
+            Indexed::Indexed(a, b) => (b - a) as usize,
+            Indexed::Concrete(ref cow) => cow.len()
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct IndexedInput<'a, T: ?Sized + 'a> {
+    source: &'a T,
+    current: &'a T
+}
+
+impl<'a, T: ?Sized + 'a> IndexedInput<'a, T> {
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn source(&self) -> &T {
+        self.source
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a, T: ToOwned + ?Sized + 'a> IndexedInput<'a, T> {
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn cow_source(&self) -> Cow<'a, T> {
+        Cow::Borrowed(self.source)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> IndexedInput<'a, [u8]> {
+    pub fn backtrack(&mut self, n: usize) -> ::pear::Result<(), Self> {
+        let source_addr = self.source.as_ptr() as usize;
+        let current_addr = self.current.as_ptr() as usize;
+        if current_addr > n && (current_addr - n) >= source_addr {
+            let forward = (current_addr - n) - source_addr;
+            self.current = &self.source[forward..];
+            Ok(())
+        } else {
+            let diag = format!("({}, {:x} in {:x})", n, current_addr, source_addr);
+            Err(pear_error!([backtrack; self] "internal error: {}", diag))
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn len(&self) -> usize {
+        self.source.len()
+    }
+}
+
+macro_rules! impl_indexed_input {
+    ($T:ty, token = $token:ty) => (
+        impl<'a> From<&'a $T> for IndexedInput<'a, $T> {
+            #[inline(always)]
+            fn from(source: &'a $T) -> Self {
+                IndexedInput { source: source, current: source }
+            }
+        }
+
+        impl<'a> Input for IndexedInput<'a, $T> {
+            type Token = $token;
+            type InSlice = &'a $T;
+            type Slice = Indexed<'static, $T>;
+            type Many = Indexed<'static, $T>;
+            type Context = Context;
+
+            #[inline(always)]
+            fn peek(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Token> {
+                self.current.peek()
+            }
+
+            #[inline(always)]
+            fn peek_slice(&mut self, slice: Self::InSlice) -> Option<Self::Slice> {
+                self.current.peek_slice(slice)
+                    .map(|slice| unsafe {
+                        Indexed::unchecked_from(slice, self.source)
+                    })
+            }
+
+            #[inline(always)]
+            fn skip_many<F>(&mut self, cond: F) -> usize
+                where F: FnMut(Self::Token) -> bool
+            {
+                self.current.skip_many(cond)
+            }
+
+            #[inline(always)]
+            fn take_many<F>(&mut self, cond: F) -> Self::Many
+                where F: FnMut(Self::Token) -> bool
+            {
+                let many = self.current.take_many(cond);
+                unsafe { Indexed::unchecked_from(many, self.source) }
+            }
+
+            #[inline(always)]
+            fn advance(&mut self, count: usize) {
+                self.current.advance(count)
+            }
+
+            #[inline(always)]
+            fn is_empty(&mut self) -> bool {
+                self.current.is_empty()
+            }
+
+            fn context(&mut self) -> Option<Context> {
+                let offset = self.source.len() - self.current.len();
+                let bytes: &[u8] = self.current.as_ref();
+                let string = String::from_utf8(bytes.into()).ok()?;
+                Some(Context { offset, string })
+            }
+        }
+    )
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Hash)]
+pub struct Context {
+    pub offset: usize,
+    pub string: String
+}
+
+impl ::std::fmt::Display for Context {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+        const LIMIT: usize = 7;
+        write!(f, "[{}:]", self.offset)?;
+
+        if self.string.len() > LIMIT {
+            write!(f, " {}..", &self.string[..LIMIT])
+        } else if !self.string.is_empty() {
+            write!(f, " {}", &self.string)
+        } else {
+            Ok(())
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl_indexed_input!([u8], token = u8);
+impl_indexed_input!(str, token = char);
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/src/parse/media_type.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/src/parse/media_type.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..35a419ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/src/parse/media_type.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,240 @@
+use std::borrow::Cow;
+
+use pear::{parser, switch};
+use pear::parsers::*;
+
+use media_type::{MediaType, Source};
+use parse::checkers::{is_whitespace, is_valid_token};
+use parse::IndexedStr;
+
+type Input<'a> = ::parse::IndexedInput<'a, str>;
+type Result<'a, T> = ::pear::Result<T, Input<'a>>;
+
+#[parser]
+fn quoted_string<'a>(input: &mut Input<'a>) -> Result<'a, IndexedStr<'a>> {
+    eat('"')?;
+
+    let mut is_escaped = false;
+    let inner = take_while(|c| {
+        if is_escaped { is_escaped = false; return true; }
+        if c == '\\' { is_escaped = true; return true; }
+        c != '"'
+    })?;
+
+    eat('"')?;
+    inner
+}
+
+#[parser]
+fn media_param<'a>(input: &mut Input<'a>) -> Result<'a, (IndexedStr<'a>, IndexedStr<'a>)> {
+    let key = (take_some_while_until(is_valid_token, '=')?, eat('=')?).0;
+    let value = switch! {
+        peek('"') => quoted_string()?,
+        _ => take_some_while_until(is_valid_token, ';')?
+    };
+
+    (key, value)
+}
+
+#[parser]
+pub fn media_type<'a>(input: &mut Input<'a>) -> Result<'a, MediaType> {
+    let (top, sub, params) = {
+        let top = (take_some_while_until(is_valid_token, '/')?, eat('/')?).0;
+        let sub = take_some_while_until(is_valid_token, ';')?;
+        let params = series(true, ';', is_whitespace, |i| {
+            media_param(i).map(|(k, v)| (k.coerce_lifetime(), v.coerce_lifetime()))
+        })?;
+
+        (top.coerce_lifetime(), sub.coerce_lifetime(), params)
+    };
+
+    MediaType {
+        source: Source::Custom(Cow::Owned(input.source().to_string())),
+        top, sub, params
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn parse_media_type(input: &str) -> Result<MediaType> {
+    parse!(media_type: &mut input.into())
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+    use MediaType;
+    use super::parse_media_type;
+
+    macro_rules! assert_no_parse {
+        ($string:expr) => ({
+            let result: Result<_, _> = parse_media_type($string).into();
+            if result.is_ok() {
+                panic!("{:?} parsed unexpectedly.", $string)
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    macro_rules! assert_parse {
+        ($string:expr) => ({
+            match parse_media_type($string) {
+                Ok(media_type) => media_type,
+                Err(e) => panic!("{:?} failed to parse: {}", $string, e)
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    macro_rules! assert_parse_eq {
+        (@full $string:expr, $result:expr, $(($k:expr, $v:expr)),*) => ({
+            let result = assert_parse!($string);
+            assert_eq!(result, $result);
+
+            let expected_params: Vec<(&str, &str)> = vec![$(($k, $v)),*];
+            if expected_params.len() > 0 {
+                assert_eq!(result.params().count(), expected_params.len());
+                let all_params = result.params().zip(expected_params.iter());
+                for ((key, val), &(ekey, eval)) in all_params {
+                    assert_eq!(key, ekey);
+                    assert_eq!(val, eval);
+                }
+            }
+        });
+
+        (from: $string:expr, into: $result:expr)
+            => (assert_parse_eq!(@full $string, $result, ));
+        (from: $string:expr, into: $result:expr, params: $(($key:expr, $val:expr)),*)
+            => (assert_parse_eq!(@full $string, $result, $(($key, $val)),*));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn check_does_parse() {
+        assert_parse!("text/html");
+        assert_parse!("a/b");
+        assert_parse!("*/*");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn check_parse_eq() {
+        assert_parse_eq!(from: "text/html", into: MediaType::HTML);
+        assert_parse_eq!(from: "text/html; charset=utf-8", into: MediaType::HTML);
+        assert_parse_eq!(from: "text/html", into: MediaType::HTML);
+
+        assert_parse_eq!(from: "a/b", into: MediaType::new("a", "b"));
+        assert_parse_eq!(from: "*/*", into: MediaType::Any);
+        assert_parse_eq!(from: "application/pdf", into: MediaType::PDF);
+        assert_parse_eq!(from: "application/json", into: MediaType::JSON);
+        assert_parse_eq!(from: "image/svg+xml", into: MediaType::SVG);
+
+        assert_parse_eq!(from: "*/json", into: MediaType::new("*", "json"));
+        assert_parse_eq! {
+            from: "application/*; param=1",
+            into: MediaType::new("application", "*")
+        };
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn check_param_eq() {
+        assert_parse_eq! {
+            from: "text/html; a=b; b=c; c=d",
+            into: MediaType::new("text", "html"),
+            params: ("a", "b"), ("b", "c"), ("c", "d")
+        };
+
+        assert_parse_eq! {
+            from: "text/html;a=b;b=c;     c=d; d=e",
+            into: MediaType::new("text", "html"),
+            params: ("a", "b"), ("b", "c"), ("c", "d"), ("d", "e")
+        };
+
+        assert_parse_eq! {
+            from: "text/html; charset=utf-8",
+            into: MediaType::new("text", "html"),
+            params: ("charset", "utf-8")
+        };
+
+        assert_parse_eq! {
+            from: "application/*; param=1",
+            into: MediaType::new("application", "*"),
+            params: ("param", "1")
+        };
+
+        assert_parse_eq! {
+            from: "*/*;q=0.5;b=c;c=d",
+            into: MediaType::Any,
+            params: ("q", "0.5"), ("b", "c"), ("c", "d")
+        };
+
+        assert_parse_eq! {
+            from: "multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundarypRshfItmvaC3aEuq",
+            into: MediaType::FormData,
+            params: ("boundary", "----WebKitFormBoundarypRshfItmvaC3aEuq")
+        };
+
+        assert_parse_eq! {
+            from: r#"*/*; a="hello, world!@#$%^&*();;hi""#,
+            into: MediaType::Any,
+            params: ("a", "hello, world!@#$%^&*();;hi")
+        };
+
+        assert_parse_eq! {
+            from: r#"application/json; a=";,;""#,
+            into: MediaType::JSON,
+            params: ("a", ";,;")
+        };
+
+        assert_parse_eq! {
+            from: r#"application/json; a=";,;"; b=c"#,
+            into: MediaType::JSON,
+            params: ("a", ";,;"), ("b", "c")
+        };
+
+        assert_parse_eq! {
+            from: r#"application/json; b=c; a=";.,.;""#,
+            into: MediaType::JSON,
+            params: ("b", "c"), ("a", ";.,.;")
+        };
+
+        assert_parse_eq! {
+            from: r#"*/*; a="a"; b="b"; a=a; b=b; c=c"#,
+            into: MediaType::Any,
+            params: ("a", "a"), ("b", "b"), ("a", "a"), ("b", "b"), ("c", "c")
+        };
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn check_params_do_parse() {
+        assert_parse!("*/*; q=1; q=2");
+        assert_parse!("*/*; q=1;q=2;q=3;a=v;c=1;da=1;sdlkldsadasd=uhisdcb89");
+        assert_parse!("*/*; q=1; q=2");
+        assert_parse!("*/*; q=1; q=2; a=b;c=d;    e=f; a=s;a=e");
+        assert_parse!("*/*; q=1; q=2 ; a=b");
+        assert_parse!("*/*; q=1; q=2; hello=\"world !\"");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_bad_parses() {
+        assert_no_parse!("*&_/*)()");
+        assert_no_parse!("/json");
+        assert_no_parse!("text/");
+        assert_no_parse!("text//");
+        assert_no_parse!("/");
+        assert_no_parse!("*/");
+        assert_no_parse!("/*");
+        assert_no_parse!("///");
+        assert_no_parse!("application//json");
+        assert_no_parse!("application///json");
+        assert_no_parse!("a/b;");
+        assert_no_parse!("*/*; a=b;;");
+        assert_no_parse!("*/*; a=b;a");
+        assert_no_parse!("*/*; a=b; ");
+        assert_no_parse!("*/*; a=b;");
+        assert_no_parse!("*/*; a = b");
+        assert_no_parse!("*/*; a= b");
+        assert_no_parse!("*/*; a =b");
+        assert_no_parse!(r#"*/*; a="b"#);
+        assert_no_parse!(r#"*/*; a="b; c=d"#);
+        assert_no_parse!(r#"*/*; a="b; c=d"#);
+        assert_no_parse!("*/*;a=@#$%^&*()");
+        assert_no_parse!("*/*;;");
+        assert_no_parse!("*/*;=;");
+        assert_no_parse!("*/*=;");
+        assert_no_parse!("*/*=;=");
+    }
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/src/parse/mod.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/src/parse/mod.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..90b6e0d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/src/parse/mod.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+mod media_type;
+mod accept;
+mod checkers;
+mod indexed;
+
+pub use self::media_type::*;
+pub use self::accept::*;
+
+pub mod uri;
+
+// Exposed for codegen.
+#[doc(hidden)] pub use self::indexed::*;
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/src/parse/uri/error.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/src/parse/uri/error.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c20d2052
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/src/parse/uri/error.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+use std::fmt;
+use std::borrow::Cow;
+
+use pear::{ParseErr, Expected};
+use parse::indexed::Context;
+use parse::uri::RawInput;
+use ext::IntoOwned;
+
+/// Error emitted on URI parse failure.
+///
+/// Internally, the type includes information about where the parse error
+/// occured (the error's context) and information about what went wrong.
+/// Externally, this information can be retrieved (in textual form) through its
+/// `Display` implementation. In other words, by printing a value of this type.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct Error<'a> {
+    expected: Expected<Or<char, u8>, Cow<'a, str>, String>,
+    context: Option<Context>
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+enum Or<L, R> {
+    A(L),
+    B(R)
+}
+
+impl<'a> Error<'a> {
+    pub(crate) fn from(src: &'a str, pear_error: ParseErr<RawInput<'a>>) -> Error<'a> {
+        let new_expected = pear_error.expected.map(|token| {
+            if token.is_ascii() && !token.is_ascii_control() {
+                Or::A(token as char)
+            } else {
+                Or::B(token)
+            }
+        }, String::from_utf8_lossy, |indexed| {
+            let src = Some(src.as_bytes());
+            String::from_utf8_lossy(indexed.from_source(src)).to_string()
+        });
+
+        Error { expected: new_expected, context: pear_error.context }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the byte index into the text where the error occurred if it is
+    /// known.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate rocket;
+    /// use rocket::http::uri::Origin;
+    ///
+    /// let err = Origin::parse("/foo bar").unwrap_err();
+    /// assert_eq!(err.index(), Some(4));
+    /// ```
+    pub fn index(&self) -> Option<usize> {
+        self.context.as_ref().map(|c| c.offset)
+    }
+}
+
+impl fmt::Display for Or<char, u8> {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+        match *self {
+            Or::A(left) => write!(f, "'{}'", left),
+            Or::B(right) => write!(f, "non-ASCII byte {}", right),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> fmt::Display for Error<'a> {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+        // This relies on specialization of the `Display` impl for `Expected`.
+        write!(f, "{}", self.expected)?;
+
+        if let Some(ref context) = self.context {
+            write!(f, " at index {}", context.offset)?;
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> IntoOwned for Error<'a> {
+    type Owned = Error<'static>;
+
+    fn into_owned(self) -> Self::Owned {
+        let expected = self.expected.map(|i| i, IntoOwned::into_owned, |i| i);
+        Error { expected, context: self.context }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use parse::uri::origin_from_str;
+
+    macro_rules! check_err {
+        ($url:expr => $error:expr) => {{
+            let e = origin_from_str($url).unwrap_err();
+            assert_eq!(e.to_string(), $error.to_string())
+        }}
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn check_display() {
+        check_err!("a" => "expected token '/' but found 'a' at index 0");
+        check_err!("?" => "expected token '/' but found '?' at index 0");
+        check_err!("这" => "expected token '/' but found non-ASCII byte 232 at index 0");
+    }
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/src/parse/uri/mod.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/src/parse/uri/mod.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2bf3117b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/src/parse/uri/mod.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+mod parser;
+mod error;
+mod tables;
+
+#[cfg(test)] mod tests;
+
+use uri::{Uri, Origin, Absolute, Authority};
+use parse::indexed::IndexedInput;
+use self::parser::{uri, origin, authority_only, absolute_only, rocket_route_origin};
+
+pub(crate) use self::tables::is_pchar;
+pub use self::error::Error;
+
+type RawInput<'a> = IndexedInput<'a, [u8]>;
+
+#[inline]
+pub fn from_str(string: &str) -> Result<Uri, Error> {
+    parse!(uri: &mut RawInput::from(string.as_bytes()))
+        .map_err(|e| Error::from(string, e))
+}
+
+#[inline]
+pub fn origin_from_str(string: &str) -> Result<Origin, Error> {
+    parse!(origin: &mut RawInput::from(string.as_bytes()))
+        .map_err(|e| Error::from(string, e))
+}
+
+#[inline]
+pub fn route_origin_from_str(string: &str) -> Result<Origin, Error> {
+    parse!(rocket_route_origin: &mut RawInput::from(string.as_bytes()))
+        .map_err(|e| Error::from(string, e))
+}
+
+#[inline]
+pub fn authority_from_str(string: &str) -> Result<Authority, Error> {
+    parse!(authority_only: &mut RawInput::from(string.as_bytes()))
+        .map_err(|e| Error::from(string, e))
+}
+
+#[inline]
+pub fn absolute_from_str(string: &str) -> Result<Absolute, Error> {
+    parse!(absolute_only: &mut RawInput::from(string.as_bytes()))
+        .map_err(|e| Error::from(string, e))
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/src/parse/uri/parser.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/src/parse/uri/parser.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..072c95fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/src/parse/uri/parser.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,190 @@
+use pear::parsers::*;
+use pear::{parser, switch};
+
+use uri::{Uri, Origin, Authority, Absolute, Host};
+use parse::uri::tables::{is_reg_name_char, is_pchar, is_pchar_or_rchar};
+use parse::uri::RawInput;
+use parse::IndexedBytes;
+
+type Result<'a, T> = ::pear::Result<T, RawInput<'a>>;
+
+#[parser]
+pub(crate) fn uri<'a>(input: &mut RawInput<'a>) -> Result<'a, Uri<'a>> {
+    match input.len() {
+        0 => return Err(pear_error!("empty URI")),
+        1 => switch! {
+            eat(b'*') => Uri::Asterisk,
+            eat(b'/') => Uri::Origin(Origin::new::<_, &str>("/", None)),
+            _ => unsafe {
+                // the `is_reg_name_char` guarantees ASCII
+                let host = Host::Raw(take_n_if(1, is_reg_name_char)?);
+                Uri::Authority(Authority::raw(input.cow_source(), None, host, None))
+            }
+        },
+        _ => switch! {
+            peek(b'/') => Uri::Origin(origin()?),
+            _ => absolute_or_authority()?
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[parser]
+pub(crate) fn origin<'a>(input: &mut RawInput<'a>) -> Result<'a, Origin<'a>> {
+    (peek(b'/')?, path_and_query(is_pchar)?).1
+}
+
+#[parser]
+pub(crate) fn rocket_route_origin<'a>(input: &mut RawInput<'a>) -> Result<'a, Origin<'a>> {
+    (peek(b'/')?, path_and_query(is_pchar_or_rchar)?).1
+}
+
+#[parser]
+fn path_and_query<'a, F>(input: &mut RawInput<'a>, is_good_char: F) -> Result<'a, Origin<'a>>
+    where F: Fn(u8) -> bool + Copy
+{
+    let path = take_while(is_good_char)?;
+
+    // FIXME(rustc): We should be able to use `pear_try`, but rustc...is broken.
+    let query = switch! {
+        eat(b'?') => Some(take_while(|c| is_good_char(c) || c == b'?')?),
+        _ => None
+    };
+
+    if path.is_empty() && query.is_none() {
+        Err(pear_error!("expected path or query, found neither"))
+    } else {
+        // We know the string is ASCII because of the `is_good_char` checks above.
+        Ok(unsafe { Origin::raw(input.cow_source(), path, query) })
+    }
+}
+
+#[parser]
+fn port_from<'a>(input: &mut RawInput<'a>, bytes: &IndexedBytes<'a>) -> Result<'a, u16> {
+    let mut port_num: u32 = 0;
+    let source = Some(input.cow_source());
+    let string = bytes.from_cow_source(&source);
+    for (&b, i) in string.iter().rev().zip(&[1, 10, 100, 1000, 10000]) {
+        if b < b'0' || b > b'9' {
+            return Err(pear_error!("port byte is out of range"));
+        }
+
+        port_num += (b - b'0') as u32 * i;
+    }
+
+    if port_num > u16::max_value() as u32 {
+        return Err(pear_error!("port value out of range: {}", port_num));
+    }
+
+    Ok(port_num as u16)
+}
+
+#[parser]
+fn port<'a>(input: &mut RawInput<'a>) -> Result<'a, u16> {
+    let port_str = take_n_while(5, |c| c >= b'0' && c <= b'9')?;
+    port_from(&port_str)?
+}
+
+#[parser]
+fn authority<'a>(
+    input: &mut RawInput<'a>,
+    user_info: Option<IndexedBytes<'a>>
+) -> Result<'a, Authority<'a>> {
+    let host = switch! {
+        peek(b'[') => Host::Bracketed(delimited(b'[', is_pchar, b']')?),
+        _ => Host::Raw(take_while(is_reg_name_char)?)
+    };
+
+    // The `is_pchar`,`is_reg_name_char`, and `port()` functions ensure ASCII.
+    let port = pear_try!(eat(b':') => port()?);
+    unsafe { Authority::raw(input.cow_source(), user_info, host, port) }
+}
+
+// Callers must ensure that `scheme` is actually ASCII.
+#[parser]
+fn absolute<'a>(
+    input: &mut RawInput<'a>,
+    scheme: IndexedBytes<'a>
+) -> Result<'a, Absolute<'a>> {
+    let (authority, path_and_query) = switch! {
+        eat_slice(b"://") => {
+            let left = take_while(|c| is_reg_name_char(c) || c == b':')?;
+            let authority = switch! {
+                eat(b'@') => authority(Some(left))?,
+                _ => {
+                    input.backtrack(left.len())?;
+                    authority(None)?
+                }
+            };
+
+            let path_and_query = pear_try!(path_and_query(is_pchar));
+            (Some(authority), path_and_query)
+        },
+        eat(b':') => (None, Some(path_and_query(is_pchar)?)),
+        _ => return Err(pear_error!("expected ':' but none was found"))
+    };
+
+    // `authority` and `path_and_query` parsers ensure ASCII.
+    unsafe { Absolute::raw(input.cow_source(), scheme, authority, path_and_query) }
+}
+
+#[parser]
+pub(crate) fn authority_only<'a>(input: &mut RawInput<'a>) -> Result<'a, Authority<'a>> {
+    if let Uri::Authority(authority) = absolute_or_authority()? {
+        Ok(authority)
+    } else {
+        Err(pear_error!("expected authority URI but found absolute URI"))
+    }
+}
+
+#[parser]
+pub(crate) fn absolute_only<'a>(input: &mut RawInput<'a>) -> Result<'a, Absolute<'a>> {
+    if let Uri::Absolute(absolute) = absolute_or_authority()? {
+        Ok(absolute)
+    } else {
+        Err(pear_error!("expected absolute URI but found authority URI"))
+    }
+}
+
+#[parser]
+fn absolute_or_authority<'a>(
+    input: &mut RawInput<'a>,
+) -> Result<'a, Uri<'a>> {
+    let left = take_while(is_reg_name_char)?;
+    switch! {
+        peek_slice(b":/") => Uri::Absolute(absolute(left)?),
+        eat(b'@') => Uri::Authority(authority(Some(left))?),
+        colon@take_n_if(1, |b| b == b':') => {
+            // could be authority or an IP with ':' in it
+            let rest = take_while(|c| is_reg_name_char(c) || c == b':')?;
+            switch! {
+                eat(b'@') => Uri::Authority(authority(Some(left + colon + rest))?),
+                peek(b'/') => {
+                    input.backtrack(rest.len() + 1)?;
+                    Uri::Absolute(absolute(left)?)
+                },
+                _ => unsafe {
+                    // Here we hit an ambiguity: `rest` could be a port in
+                    // host:port or a host in scheme:host. Both are correct
+                    // parses. To settle the ambiguity, we assume that if it
+                    // looks like a port, it's a port. Otherwise a host. Unless
+                    // we have a query, in which case it's definitely a host.
+                    let query = pear_try!(eat(b'?') => take_while(is_pchar)?);
+                    if query.is_some() || rest.is_empty() || rest.len() > 5 {
+                        Uri::raw_absolute(input.cow_source(), left, rest, query)
+                    } else if let Ok(port) = port_from(input, &rest) {
+                        let host = Host::Raw(left);
+                        let source = input.cow_source();
+                        let port = Some(port);
+                        Uri::Authority(Authority::raw(source, None, host, port))
+                    } else {
+                        Uri::raw_absolute(input.cow_source(), left, rest, query)
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        },
+        _ => {
+            input.backtrack(left.len())?;
+            Uri::Authority(authority(None)?)
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/src/parse/uri/spec.txt b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/src/parse/uri/spec.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a72624ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/src/parse/uri/spec.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+RFC 7230 URI Grammar
+
+request-target = origin-form / absolute-form / authority-form / asterisk-form
+
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+asterisk-form = "*"
+
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+origin-form = absolute-path [ "?" query ]
+
+absolute-path = 1*( "/" segment )
+
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+authority-form = authority
+
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+1. look for ':', '@', '?'
+2. if neither is found, you have an authority, text is `host`
+3. if ':' is found, have either 'host', 'scheme', or 'userinfo'
+ * can only be host if: next four characters are port
+ * must be host if: text before ':' is empty, requires port
+ * if next (at most) four characters are numbers, then we have a host/port.
+ * if next character is '/' or there is none, then scheme
+ * otherwise try as scheme, fallback to userinfo if find '@'
+4. if '?' is found, have either 'host', 'scheme', or 'userinfo'
+5. if '@' is found, have 'userinfo'
+
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+absolute-form = absolute-URI
+
+absolute-URI  = scheme ":" hier-part [ "?" query ]
+
+scheme        = ALPHA *( ALPHA / DIGIT / "+" / "-" / "." )
+
+hier-part     = "//" authority path-abempty
+             / path-absolute
+             / path-rootless
+             / path-empty
+
+query         = *( pchar / "/" / "?" )
+
+authority     = [ userinfo "@" ] host [ ":" port ]
+userinfo      = *( unreserved / pct-encoded / sub-delims / ":" )
+host          = IP-literal / IPv4address / reg-name
+port          = *DIGIT
+
+reg-name      = *( unreserved / pct-encoded / sub-delims )
+
+path-abempty  = *( "/" segment )
+
+path-absolute = "/" [ segment-nz *( "/" segment ) ]
+path-noscheme = segment-nz-nc *( "/" segment )
+path-rootless = segment-nz *( "/" segment )
+path-empty    = 0<pchar>
+
+segment       = *pchar
+segment-nz    = 1*pchar
+
+pchar         = unreserved / pct-encoded / sub-delims / ":" / "@"
+
+unreserved    = ALPHA / DIGIT / "-" / "." / "_" / "~"
+pct-encoded   = "%" HEXDIG HEXDIG
+sub-delims    = "!" / "$" / "&" / "'" / "(" / ")"
+             / "*" / "+" / "," / ";" / "="
+
+IP-literal    = "[" ( IPv6address / IPvFuture  ) "]"
+
+IPvFuture     = "v" 1*HEXDIG "." 1*( unreserved / sub-delims / ":" )
+
+IPv6address   =                            6( h16 ":" ) ls32
+             /                       "::" 5( h16 ":" ) ls32
+             / [               h16 ] "::" 4( h16 ":" ) ls32
+             / [ *1( h16 ":" ) h16 ] "::" 3( h16 ":" ) ls32
+             / [ *2( h16 ":" ) h16 ] "::" 2( h16 ":" ) ls32
+             / [ *3( h16 ":" ) h16 ] "::"    h16 ":"   ls32
+             / [ *4( h16 ":" ) h16 ] "::"              ls32
+             / [ *5( h16 ":" ) h16 ] "::"              h16
+             / [ *6( h16 ":" ) h16 ] "::"
+
+IPv4address   = dec-octet "." dec-octet "." dec-octet "." dec-octet
+
+dec-octet     = DIGIT                 ; 0-9
+             / %x31-39 DIGIT         ; 10-99
+             / "1" 2DIGIT            ; 100-199
+             / "2" %x30-34 DIGIT     ; 200-249
+             / "25" %x30-35          ; 250-255
+
+ALPHA          =  %x41-5A / %x61-7A   ; A-Z / a-z
+HEXDIG         =  DIGIT / "A" / "B" / "C" / "D" / "E" / "F"
+DIGIT          =  %x30-39 ; 0-9
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/src/parse/uri/tables.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/src/parse/uri/tables.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7258e9e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/src/parse/uri/tables.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+const PATH_CHARS: [u8; 256] = [
+    //  0      1      2      3      4      5      6      7      8      9
+        0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0, //   x
+        0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0, //  1x
+        0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0, //  2x
+        0,     0,     0,  b'!',     0,     0,  b'$',  b'%',  b'&', b'\'', //  3x
+     b'(',  b')',  b'*',  b'+',  b',',  b'-',  b'.',  b'/',  b'0',  b'1', //  4x
+     b'2',  b'3',  b'4',  b'5',  b'6',  b'7',  b'8',  b'9',  b':',  b';', //  5x
+     // <             > (1 used to indicate these are valid in route URIs only)
+        1,  b'=',     1,     0,  b'@',  b'A',  b'B',  b'C',  b'D',  b'E', //  6x
+     b'F',  b'G',  b'H',  b'I',  b'J',  b'K',  b'L',  b'M',  b'N',  b'O', //  7x
+     b'P',  b'Q',  b'R',  b'S',  b'T',  b'U',  b'V',  b'W',  b'X',  b'Y', //  8x
+     b'Z',     0,     0,     0,     0,  b'_',     0,  b'a',  b'b',  b'c', //  9x
+     b'd',  b'e',  b'f',  b'g',  b'h',  b'i',  b'j',  b'k',  b'l',  b'm', // 10x
+     b'n',  b'o',  b'p',  b'q',  b'r',  b's',  b't',  b'u',  b'v',  b'w', // 11x
+     b'x',  b'y',  b'z',     0,     0,     0,  b'~',     0,     0,     0, // 12x
+        0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0, // 13x
+        0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0, // 14x
+        0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0, // 15x
+        0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0, // 16x
+        0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0, // 17x
+        0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0, // 18x
+        0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0, // 19x
+        0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0, // 20x
+        0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0, // 21x
+        0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0, // 22x
+        0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0, // 23x
+        0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0, // 24x
+        0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0                              // 25x
+];
+
+#[inline(always)]
+pub fn is_pchar(c: u8) -> bool {
+    PATH_CHARS[c as usize] == c
+}
+
+#[inline(always)]
+pub fn is_pchar_or_rchar(c: u8) -> bool {
+    PATH_CHARS[c as usize] != 0
+}
+
+const REG_CHARS: [u8; 256] = [
+    //  0      1      2      3      4      5      6      7      8      9
+        0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0, //   x
+        0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0, //  1x
+        0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0, //  2x
+        0,     0,     0,  b'!',     0,     0,  b'$',     0,  b'&', b'\'', //  3x
+     b'(',  b')',  b'*',  b'+',  b',',  b'-',  b'.',     0,  b'0',  b'1', //  4x
+     b'2',  b'3',  b'4',  b'5',  b'6',  b'7',  b'8',  b'9',     0,  b';', //  5x
+        0,  b'=',     0,     0,     0,  b'A',  b'B',  b'C',  b'D',  b'E', //  6x
+     b'F',  b'G',  b'H',  b'I',  b'J',  b'K',  b'L',  b'M',  b'N',  b'O', //  7x
+     b'P',  b'Q',  b'R',  b'S',  b'T',  b'U',  b'V',  b'W',  b'X',  b'Y', //  8x
+     b'Z',     0,     0,     0,     0,  b'_',     0,  b'a',  b'b',  b'c', //  9x
+     b'd',  b'e',  b'f',  b'g',  b'h',  b'i',  b'j',  b'k',  b'l',  b'm', // 10x
+     b'n',  b'o',  b'p',  b'q',  b'r',  b's',  b't',  b'u',  b'v',  b'w', // 11x
+     b'x',  b'y',  b'z',     0,     0,     0,  b'~',     0,     0,     0, // 12x
+        0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0, // 13x
+        0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0, // 14x
+        0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0, // 15x
+        0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0, // 16x
+        0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0, // 17x
+        0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0, // 18x
+        0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0, // 19x
+        0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0, // 20x
+        0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0, // 21x
+        0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0, // 22x
+        0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0, // 23x
+        0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0, // 24x
+        0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0                              // 25x
+];
+
+#[inline(always)]
+pub fn is_reg_name_char(c: u8) -> bool {
+    REG_CHARS[c as usize] != 0
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    fn test_char_table(table: &[u8]) {
+        for (i, &v) in table.iter().enumerate() {
+            if v != 0 && v != 1 {
+                assert_eq!(i, v as usize);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn check_tables() {
+        test_char_table(&super::PATH_CHARS[..]);
+        test_char_table(&super::REG_CHARS[..]);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/src/parse/uri/tests.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/src/parse/uri/tests.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..86bd580a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/src/parse/uri/tests.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,228 @@
+use uri::{Uri, Origin, Authority, Absolute};
+use parse::uri::*;
+use uri::Host::*;
+
+macro_rules! assert_parse_eq {
+    ($($from:expr => $to:expr),+) => (
+        $(
+            let expected = $to.into();
+            match from_str($from) {
+                Ok(output) => {
+                    if output != expected {
+                        println!("Failure on: {:?}", $from);
+                        assert_eq!(output, expected);
+                    }
+                }
+                Err(e) => {
+                    println!("{:?} failed to parse!", $from);
+                    panic!("Error: {}", e);
+                }
+            }
+        )+
+    );
+
+    ($($from:expr => $to:expr),+,) => (assert_parse_eq!($($from => $to),+))
+}
+
+macro_rules! assert_no_parse {
+    ($($from:expr),+) => (
+        $(
+            if let Ok(uri) = from_str($from) {
+                println!("{:?} parsed unexpectedly!", $from);
+                panic!("Parsed as: {:?}", uri);
+            }
+        )+
+    );
+
+    ($($from:expr),+,) => (assert_no_parse!($($from),+))
+}
+
+macro_rules! assert_displays_eq {
+    ($($string:expr),+) => (
+        $(
+            let string = $string.into();
+            match from_str(string) {
+                Ok(output) => {
+                    let output_string = output.to_string();
+                    if output_string != string {
+                        println!("Failure on: {:?}", $string);
+                        println!("Got: {:?}", output_string);
+                        println!("Parsed as: {:?}", output);
+                        panic!("failed");
+                    }
+                }
+                Err(e) => {
+                    println!("{:?} failed to parse!", $string);
+                    panic!("Error: {}", e);
+                }
+            }
+        )+
+    );
+
+    ($($string:expr),+,) => (assert_parse_eq!($($string),+))
+}
+
+fn uri_origin<'a>(path: &'a str, query: Option<&'a str>) -> Uri<'a> {
+    Uri::Origin(Origin::new(path, query))
+}
+
+#[test]
+#[should_panic]
+fn test_assert_parse_eq() {
+    assert_parse_eq!("*" => uri_origin("*", None));
+}
+
+#[test]
+#[should_panic]
+fn test_assert_parse_eq_consecutive() {
+    assert_parse_eq!("/" => uri_origin("/", None), "/" => Uri::Asterisk);
+}
+
+#[test]
+#[should_panic]
+fn test_assert_no_parse() {
+    assert_no_parse!("/");
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn bad_parses() {
+    assert_no_parse!("://z7:77777777777777777777777777777`77777777777");
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn single_byte() {
+    assert_parse_eq!(
+        "*" => Uri::Asterisk,
+        "/" => uri_origin("/", None),
+        "." => Authority::new(None, Raw("."), None),
+        "_" => Authority::new(None, Raw("_"), None),
+        "1" => Authority::new(None, Raw("1"), None),
+        "b" => Authority::new(None, Raw("b"), None),
+    );
+
+    assert_no_parse!("?", "#", "%");
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn origin() {
+    assert_parse_eq!(
+        "/a/b/c" => uri_origin("/a/b/c", None),
+        "/a/b/c?" => uri_origin("/a/b/c", Some("")),
+        "/a/b/c?abc" => uri_origin("/a/b/c", Some("abc")),
+        "/a/b/c???" => uri_origin("/a/b/c", Some("??")),
+        "/a/b/c?a?b?" => uri_origin("/a/b/c", Some("a?b?")),
+        "/a/b/c?a?b?/c" => uri_origin("/a/b/c", Some("a?b?/c")),
+        "/?abc" => uri_origin("/", Some("abc")),
+        "/hi%20there?a=b&c=d" => uri_origin("/hi%20there", Some("a=b&c=d")),
+        "/c/d/fa/b/c?abc" => uri_origin("/c/d/fa/b/c", Some("abc")),
+        "/xn--ls8h?emoji=poop" => uri_origin("/xn--ls8h", Some("emoji=poop")),
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn authority() {
+    assert_parse_eq!(
+        "abc" => Authority::new(None, Raw("abc"), None),
+        "@abc" => Authority::new(Some(""), Raw("abc"), None),
+        "sergio:benitez@spark" => Authority::new(Some("sergio:benitez"), Raw("spark"), None),
+        "a:b:c@1.2.3:12121" => Authority::new(Some("a:b:c"), Raw("1.2.3"), Some(12121)),
+        "sergio@spark" => Authority::new(Some("sergio"), Raw("spark"), None),
+        "sergio@spark:230" => Authority::new(Some("sergio"), Raw("spark"), Some(230)),
+        "sergio@[1::]:230" => Authority::new(Some("sergio"), Bracketed("1::"), Some(230)),
+        "google.com:8000" => Authority::new(None, Raw("google.com"), Some(8000)),
+        "[1::2::3]:80" => Authority::new(None, Bracketed("1::2::3"), Some(80)),
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn absolute() {
+    assert_parse_eq! {
+        "http://foo.com:8000" => Absolute::new(
+            "http",
+            Some(Authority::new(None, Raw("foo.com"), Some(8000))),
+            None
+        ),
+        "http://foo:8000" => Absolute::new(
+            "http",
+            Some(Authority::new(None, Raw("foo"), Some(8000))),
+            None,
+        ),
+        "foo:bar" => Absolute::new(
+            "foo",
+            None,
+            Some(Origin::new::<_, &str>("bar", None)),
+        ),
+        "http://sergio:pass@foo.com:8000" => Absolute::new(
+            "http",
+            Some(Authority::new(Some("sergio:pass"), Raw("foo.com"), Some(8000))),
+            None,
+        ),
+        "foo:/sergio/pass?hi" => Absolute::new(
+            "foo",
+            None,
+            Some(Origin::new("/sergio/pass", Some("hi"))),
+        ),
+        "bar:" => Absolute::new(
+            "bar",
+            None,
+            Some(Origin::new::<_, &str>("", None)),
+        ),
+        "foo:?hi" => Absolute::new(
+            "foo",
+            None,
+            Some(Origin::new("", Some("hi"))),
+        ),
+        "foo:a/b?hi" => Absolute::new(
+            "foo",
+            None,
+            Some(Origin::new("a/b", Some("hi"))),
+        ),
+        "foo:a/b" => Absolute::new(
+            "foo",
+            None,
+            Some(Origin::new::<_, &str>("a/b", None)),
+        ),
+        "foo:/a/b" => Absolute::new(
+            "foo",
+            None,
+            Some(Origin::new::<_, &str>("/a/b", None))
+        ),
+        "abc://u:p@foo.com:123/a/b?key=value&key2=value2" => Absolute::new(
+            "abc",
+            Some(Authority::new(Some("u:p"), Raw("foo.com"), Some(123))),
+            Some(Origin::new("/a/b", Some("key=value&key2=value2"))),
+        ),
+        "ftp://foo.com:21/abc" => Absolute::new(
+            "ftp",
+            Some(Authority::new(None, Raw("foo.com"), Some(21))),
+            Some(Origin::new::<_, &str>("/abc", None)),
+        ),
+        "http://google.com/abc" => Absolute::new(
+            "http",
+            Some(Authority::new(None, Raw("google.com"), None)),
+            Some(Origin::new::<_, &str>("/abc", None)),
+         ),
+        "http://google.com" => Absolute::new(
+            "http",
+            Some(Authority::new(None, Raw("google.com"), None)),
+            None
+        ),
+        "http://foo.com?test" => Absolute::new(
+            "http",
+            Some(Authority::new(None, Raw("foo.com"), None,)),
+            Some(Origin::new("", Some("test"))),
+        ),
+        "http://google.com/abc?hi" => Absolute::new(
+            "http",
+            Some(Authority::new(None, Raw("google.com"), None,)),
+            Some(Origin::new("/abc", Some("hi"))),
+        ),
+    };
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn display() {
+    assert_displays_eq! {
+        "abc", "@):0", "[a]"
+    }
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/src/raw_str.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/src/raw_str.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0d18271f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/src/raw_str.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,440 @@
+use std::ops::{Deref, DerefMut};
+use std::borrow::Cow;
+use std::convert::AsRef;
+use std::cmp::Ordering;
+use std::str::Utf8Error;
+use std::fmt;
+
+use uncased::UncasedStr;
+
+/// A reference to a string inside of a raw HTTP message.
+///
+/// A `RawStr` is an unsanitzed, unvalidated, and undecoded raw string from an
+/// HTTP message. It exists to separate validated string inputs, represented by
+/// the `String`, `&str`, and `Cow<str>` types, from unvalidated inputs,
+/// represented by `&RawStr`.
+///
+/// # Validation
+///
+/// An `&RawStr` should be converted into one of the validated string input
+/// types through methods on `RawStr`. These methods are summarized below:
+///
+///   * **[`url_decode()`]** - used to decode a raw string in a form value
+///     context
+///   * **[`percent_decode()`], [`percent_decode_lossy()`]** - used to
+///     percent-decode a raw string, typically in a URL context
+///   * **[`html_escape()`]** - used to decode a string for use in HTML
+///     templates
+///   * **[`as_str()`]** - used when the `RawStr` is known to be safe in the
+///     context of its intended use. Use sparingly and with care!
+///   * **[`as_uncased_str()`]** - used when the `RawStr` is known to be safe in
+///     the context of its intended, uncased use
+///
+/// **Note:** Template engines like Tera and Handlebars all functions like
+/// [`html_escape()`] on all rendered template outputs by default.
+///
+/// [`as_str()`]: RawStr::as_str()
+/// [`as_uncased_str()`]: RawStr::as_uncased_str()
+/// [`url_decode()`]: RawStr::url_decode()
+/// [`html_escape()`]: RawStr::html_escape()
+/// [`percent_decode()`]: RawStr::percent_decode()
+/// [`percent_decode_lossy()`]: RawStr::percent_decode_lossy()
+///
+/// # Usage
+///
+/// A `RawStr` is a dynamically sized type (just like `str`). It is always used
+/// through a reference an as `&RawStr` (just like &str). You'll likely
+/// encounter an `&RawStr` as a parameter via [`FromParam`] or as a form value
+/// via [`FromFormValue`].
+///
+/// [`FromParam`]: ::rocket::request::FromParam
+/// [`FromFormValue`]: ::rocket::request::FromFormValue
+#[repr(transparent)]
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
+pub struct RawStr(str);
+
+impl RawStr {
+    /// Constructs an `&RawStr` from an `&str` at no cost.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate rocket;
+    /// use rocket::http::RawStr;
+    ///
+    /// let raw_str = RawStr::from_str("Hello, world!");
+    ///
+    /// // `into` can also be used; note that the type must be specified
+    /// let raw_str: &RawStr = "Hello, world!".into();
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn from_str(string: &str) -> &RawStr {
+        string.into()
+    }
+
+    /// Returns a percent-decoded version of the string.
+    ///
+    /// # Errors
+    ///
+    /// Returns an `Err` if the percent encoded values are not valid UTF-8.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// With a valid string:
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate rocket;
+    /// use rocket::http::RawStr;
+    ///
+    /// let raw_str = RawStr::from_str("Hello%21");
+    /// let decoded = raw_str.percent_decode();
+    /// assert_eq!(decoded, Ok("Hello!".into()));
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// With an invalid string:
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate rocket;
+    /// use rocket::http::RawStr;
+    ///
+    /// // Note: Rocket should never hand you a bad `&RawStr`.
+    /// let bad_str = unsafe { ::std::str::from_utf8_unchecked(b"a=\xff") };
+    /// let bad_raw_str = RawStr::from_str(bad_str);
+    /// assert!(bad_raw_str.percent_decode().is_err());
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn percent_decode(&self) -> Result<Cow<str>, Utf8Error> {
+        ::percent_encoding::percent_decode(self.as_bytes()).decode_utf8()
+    }
+
+    /// Returns a percent-decoded version of the string. Any invalid UTF-8
+    /// percent-encoded byte sequences will be replaced � U+FFFD, the
+    /// replacement character.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// With a valid string:
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate rocket;
+    /// use rocket::http::RawStr;
+    ///
+    /// let raw_str = RawStr::from_str("Hello%21");
+    /// let decoded = raw_str.percent_decode_lossy();
+    /// assert_eq!(decoded, "Hello!");
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// With an invalid string:
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate rocket;
+    /// use rocket::http::RawStr;
+    ///
+    /// // Note: Rocket should never hand you a bad `&RawStr`.
+    /// let bad_str = unsafe { ::std::str::from_utf8_unchecked(b"a=\xff") };
+    /// let bad_raw_str = RawStr::from_str(bad_str);
+    /// assert_eq!(bad_raw_str.percent_decode_lossy(), "a=�");
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn percent_decode_lossy(&self) -> Cow<str> {
+        ::percent_encoding::percent_decode(self.as_bytes()).decode_utf8_lossy()
+    }
+
+    /// Returns a URL-decoded version of the string. This is identical to
+    /// percent decoding except that `+` characters are converted into spaces.
+    /// This is the encoding used by form values.
+    ///
+    /// # Errors
+    ///
+    /// Returns an `Err` if the percent encoded values are not valid UTF-8.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate rocket;
+    /// use rocket::http::RawStr;
+    ///
+    /// let raw_str: &RawStr = "Hello%2C+world%21".into();
+    /// let decoded = raw_str.url_decode();
+    /// assert_eq!(decoded, Ok("Hello, world!".to_string()));
+    /// ```
+    pub fn url_decode(&self) -> Result<String, Utf8Error> {
+        // TODO: Make this more efficient!
+        let replaced = self.replace("+", " ");
+        RawStr::from_str(replaced.as_str())
+            .percent_decode()
+            .map(|cow| cow.into_owned())
+    }
+
+    /// Returns a URL-decoded version of the string.
+    ///
+    /// Any invalid UTF-8 percent-encoded byte sequences will be replaced �
+    /// U+FFFD, the replacement character. This is identical to lossy percent
+    /// decoding except that `+` characters are converted into spaces. This is
+    /// the encoding used by form values.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// With a valid string:
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate rocket;
+    /// use rocket::http::RawStr;
+    ///
+    /// let raw_str: &RawStr = "Hello%2C+world%21".into();
+    /// let decoded = raw_str.url_decode_lossy();
+    /// assert_eq!(decoded, "Hello, world!");
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// With an invalid string:
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate rocket;
+    /// use rocket::http::RawStr;
+    ///
+    /// // Note: Rocket should never hand you a bad `&RawStr`.
+    /// let bad_str = unsafe { ::std::str::from_utf8_unchecked(b"a+b=\xff") };
+    /// let bad_raw_str = RawStr::from_str(bad_str);
+    /// assert_eq!(bad_raw_str.url_decode_lossy(), "a b=�");
+    /// ```
+    pub fn url_decode_lossy(&self) -> String {
+        let replaced = self.replace("+", " ");
+        RawStr::from_str(replaced.as_str())
+            .percent_decode_lossy()
+            .into_owned()
+    }
+
+    /// Returns an HTML escaped version of `self`. Allocates only when
+    /// characters need to be escaped.
+    ///
+    /// The following characters are escaped: `&`, `<`, `>`, `"`, `'`, `/`,
+    /// <code>`</code>. **This suffices as long as the escaped string is not
+    /// used in an execution context such as inside of &lt;script> or &lt;style>
+    /// tags!** See the [OWASP XSS Prevention Rules] for more information.
+    ///
+    /// [OWASP XSS Prevention Rules]: https://www.owasp.org/index.php/XSS_%28Cross_Site_Scripting%29_Prevention_Cheat_Sheet#XSS_Prevention_Rules
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// Strings with HTML sequences are escaped:
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate rocket;
+    /// use rocket::http::RawStr;
+    ///
+    /// let raw_str: &RawStr = "<b>Hi!</b>".into();
+    /// let escaped = raw_str.html_escape();
+    /// assert_eq!(escaped, "&lt;b&gt;Hi!&lt;&#x2F;b&gt;");
+    ///
+    /// let raw_str: &RawStr = "Hello, <i>world!</i>".into();
+    /// let escaped = raw_str.html_escape();
+    /// assert_eq!(escaped, "Hello, &lt;i&gt;world!&lt;&#x2F;i&gt;");
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// Strings without HTML sequences remain untouched:
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate rocket;
+    /// use rocket::http::RawStr;
+    ///
+    /// let raw_str: &RawStr = "Hello!".into();
+    /// let escaped = raw_str.html_escape();
+    /// assert_eq!(escaped, "Hello!");
+    ///
+    /// let raw_str: &RawStr = "大阪".into();
+    /// let escaped = raw_str.html_escape();
+    /// assert_eq!(escaped, "大阪");
+    /// ```
+    pub fn html_escape(&self) -> Cow<str> {
+        let mut escaped = false;
+        let mut allocated = Vec::new(); // this is allocation free
+        for c in self.as_bytes() {
+            match *c {
+                b'&' | b'<' | b'>' | b'"' | b'\'' | b'/' | b'`' => {
+                    if !escaped {
+                        let i = (c as *const u8 as usize) - (self.as_ptr() as usize);
+                        allocated = Vec::with_capacity(self.len() * 2);
+                        allocated.extend_from_slice(&self.as_bytes()[..i]);
+                    }
+
+                    match *c {
+                        b'&' => allocated.extend_from_slice(b"&amp;"),
+                        b'<' => allocated.extend_from_slice(b"&lt;"),
+                        b'>' => allocated.extend_from_slice(b"&gt;"),
+                        b'"' => allocated.extend_from_slice(b"&quot;"),
+                        b'\'' => allocated.extend_from_slice(b"&#x27;"),
+                        b'/' => allocated.extend_from_slice(b"&#x2F;"),
+                        // Old versions of IE treat a ` as a '.
+                        b'`' => allocated.extend_from_slice(b"&#96;"),
+                        _ => unreachable!()
+                    }
+
+                    escaped = true;
+                }
+                _ if escaped => allocated.push(*c),
+                _ => {  }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if escaped {
+            // This use of `unsafe` is only correct if the bytes in `allocated`
+            // form a valid UTF-8 string. We prove this by cases:
+            //
+            // 1. In the `!escaped` branch, capacity for the vector is first
+            //    allocated. No characters are pushed to `allocated` prior to
+            //    this branch running since the `escaped` flag isn't set. To
+            //    enter this branch, the current byte must be a valid ASCII
+            //    character. This implies that every byte preceding forms a
+            //    valid UTF-8 string since ASCII characters in UTF-8 are never
+            //    part of a multi-byte sequence. Thus, extending the `allocated`
+            //    vector with these bytes results in a valid UTF-8 string in
+            //    `allocated`.
+            //
+            // 2. After the `!escaped` branch, `allocated` is extended with a
+            //    byte string of valid ASCII characters. Thus, `allocated` is
+            //    still a valid UTF-8 string.
+            //
+            // 3. In the `_ if escaped` branch, the byte is simply pushed into
+            //    the `allocated` vector. At this point, `allocated` may contain
+            //    an invalid UTF-8 string as we are not a known boundary.
+            //    However, note that this byte is part of a known valid string
+            //    (`self`). If the byte is not part of a multi-byte sequence, it
+            //    is ASCII, and no further justification is needed. If the byte
+            //    _is_ part of a multi-byte sequence, it is _not_ ASCII, and
+            //    thus will not fall into the escaped character set and it will
+            //    be pushed into `allocated` subsequently, resulting in a valid
+            //    UTF-8 string in `allocated`.
+            unsafe { Cow::Owned(String::from_utf8_unchecked(allocated)) }
+        } else {
+            Cow::Borrowed(self.as_str())
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Converts `self` into an `&str`.
+    ///
+    /// This method should be used sparingly. **Only use this method when you
+    /// are absolutely certain that doing so is safe.**
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate rocket;
+    /// use rocket::http::RawStr;
+    ///
+    /// let raw_str = RawStr::from_str("Hello, world!");
+    /// assert_eq!(raw_str.as_str(), "Hello, world!");
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn as_str(&self) -> &str {
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// Converts `self` into an `&UncasedStr`.
+    ///
+    /// This method should be used sparingly. **Only use this method when you
+    /// are absolutely certain that doing so is safe.**
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate rocket;
+    /// use rocket::http::RawStr;
+    ///
+    /// let raw_str = RawStr::from_str("Content-Type");
+    /// assert!(raw_str.as_uncased_str() == "content-TYPE");
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn as_uncased_str(&self) -> &UncasedStr {
+        self.as_str().into()
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> From<&'a str> for &'a RawStr {
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn from(string: &'a str) -> &'a RawStr {
+        // This is simply a `newtype`-like transformation. The `repr(C)` ensures
+        // that this is safe and correct. Note this exact pattern appears often
+        // in the standard library.
+        unsafe { &*(string as *const str as *const RawStr) }
+    }
+}
+
+impl PartialEq<str> for RawStr {
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn eq(&self, other: &str) -> bool {
+        self.as_str() == other
+    }
+}
+
+impl PartialEq<String> for RawStr {
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn eq(&self, other: &String) -> bool {
+        self.as_str() == other.as_str()
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> PartialEq<String> for &'a RawStr {
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn eq(&self, other: &String) -> bool {
+        self.as_str() == other.as_str()
+    }
+}
+
+impl PartialOrd<str> for RawStr {
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &str) -> Option<Ordering> {
+        (self as &str).partial_cmp(other)
+    }
+}
+
+impl AsRef<str> for RawStr {
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn as_ref(&self) -> &str {
+        self
+    }
+}
+
+impl AsRef<[u8]> for RawStr {
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn as_ref(&self) -> &[u8] {
+        self.as_bytes()
+    }
+}
+
+impl Deref for RawStr {
+    type Target = str;
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn deref(&self) -> &str {
+        &self.0
+    }
+}
+
+impl DerefMut for RawStr {
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut str {
+        &mut self.0
+    }
+}
+
+impl fmt::Display for RawStr {
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+        self.0.fmt(f)
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::RawStr;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn can_compare() {
+        let raw_str = RawStr::from_str("abc");
+        assert_eq!(raw_str, "abc");
+        assert_eq!("abc", raw_str.as_str());
+        assert_eq!(raw_str, RawStr::from_str("abc"));
+        assert_eq!(raw_str, "abc".to_string());
+        assert_eq!("abc".to_string(), raw_str.as_str());
+    }
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/src/route.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/src/route.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..843d2c5b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/src/route.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+use std::borrow::Cow;
+use std::marker::PhantomData;
+use unicode_xid::UnicodeXID;
+
+use ext::IntoOwned;
+use uri::{Origin, UriPart, Path, Query};
+use uri::encoding::unsafe_percent_encode;
+
+use self::Error::*;
+
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Copy, Clone)]
+pub enum Kind {
+    Static,
+    Single,
+    Multi,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Copy, Clone)]
+pub enum Source {
+    Path,
+    Query,
+    Data,
+    Unknown,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct RouteSegment<'a, P: UriPart> {
+    pub string: Cow<'a, str>,
+    pub kind: Kind,
+    pub name: Cow<'a, str>,
+    pub index: Option<usize>,
+    _part: PhantomData<P>,
+}
+
+impl<'a, P: UriPart + 'static> IntoOwned for RouteSegment<'a, P> {
+    type Owned = RouteSegment<'static, P>;
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn into_owned(self) -> Self::Owned {
+        RouteSegment {
+            string: IntoOwned::into_owned(self.string),
+            kind: self.kind,
+            name: IntoOwned::into_owned(self.name),
+            index: self.index,
+            _part: PhantomData
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Copy, Clone)]
+pub enum Error<'a> {
+    Empty,
+    Ident(&'a str),
+    Ignored,
+    MissingClose,
+    Malformed,
+    Uri,
+    Trailing(&'a str)
+}
+
+pub type SResult<'a, P> = Result<RouteSegment<'a, P>, (&'a str, Error<'a>)>;
+
+#[inline]
+fn is_ident_start(c: char) -> bool {
+    ('a' <= c && c <= 'z')
+        || ('A' <= c && c <= 'Z')
+        || c == '_'
+        || (c > '\x7f' && UnicodeXID::is_xid_start(c))
+}
+
+#[inline]
+fn is_ident_continue(c: char) -> bool {
+    ('a' <= c && c <= 'z')
+        || ('A' <= c && c <= 'Z')
+        || c == '_'
+        || ('0' <= c && c <= '9')
+        || (c > '\x7f' && UnicodeXID::is_xid_continue(c))
+}
+
+fn is_valid_ident(string: &str) -> bool {
+    let mut chars = string.chars();
+    match chars.next() {
+        Some(c) => is_ident_start(c) && chars.all(is_ident_continue),
+        None => false
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a, P: UriPart> RouteSegment<'a, P> {
+    pub fn parse_one(segment: &'a str) -> Result<Self, Error> {
+        let (string, index) = (segment.into(), None);
+
+        // Check if this is a dynamic param. If so, check its well-formedness.
+        if segment.starts_with('<') && segment.ends_with('>') {
+            let mut kind = Kind::Single;
+            let mut name = &segment[1..(segment.len() - 1)];
+            if name.ends_with("..") {
+                kind = Kind::Multi;
+                name = &name[..(name.len() - 2)];
+            }
+
+            if name.is_empty() {
+                return Err(Empty);
+            } else if !is_valid_ident(name) {
+                return Err(Ident(name));
+            } else if name == "_" {
+                return Err(Ignored);
+            }
+
+            let name = name.into();
+            return Ok(RouteSegment { string, name, kind, index, _part: PhantomData });
+        } else if segment.is_empty() {
+            return Err(Empty);
+        } else if segment.starts_with('<') && segment.len() > 1
+                && !segment[1..].contains('<') && !segment[1..].contains('>') {
+            return Err(MissingClose);
+        } else if segment.contains('>') || segment.contains('<') {
+            return Err(Malformed);
+        } else if unsafe_percent_encode::<P>(segment) != segment {
+            return Err(Uri);
+        }
+
+        Ok(RouteSegment {
+            string, index,
+            name: segment.into(),
+            kind: Kind::Static,
+            _part: PhantomData
+        })
+    }
+
+    pub fn parse_many(
+        string: &'a str,
+    ) -> impl Iterator<Item = SResult<P>> {
+        let mut last_multi_seg: Option<&str> = None;
+        string.split(P::DELIMITER)
+            .filter(|s| !s.is_empty())
+            .enumerate()
+            .map(move |(i, seg)| {
+                if let Some(multi_seg) = last_multi_seg {
+                    return Err((seg, Trailing(multi_seg)));
+                }
+
+                let mut parsed = Self::parse_one(seg).map_err(|e| (seg, e))?;
+                if parsed.kind == Kind::Multi {
+                    last_multi_seg = Some(seg);
+                }
+
+                parsed.index = Some(i);
+                Ok(parsed)
+            })
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> RouteSegment<'a, Path> {
+    pub fn parse(uri: &'a Origin) -> impl Iterator<Item = SResult<'a, Path>> {
+        Self::parse_many(uri.path())
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> RouteSegment<'a, Query> {
+    pub fn parse(uri: &'a Origin) -> Option<impl Iterator<Item = SResult<'a, Query>>> {
+        uri.query().map(|q| Self::parse_many(q))
+    }
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/src/status.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/src/status.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b1a19862
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/src/status.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,279 @@
+use std::fmt;
+
+/// Enumeration of HTTP status classes.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Hash, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum StatusClass {
+    /// Indicates a provisional response: a status code of 1XX.
+    Informational,
+    /// Indicates that a request has succeeded: a status code of 2XX.
+    Success,
+    /// Indicates that further action needs to be taken by the user agent in
+    /// order to fulfill the request: a status code of 3XX.
+    Redirection,
+    /// Intended for cases in which the client seems to have erred: a status
+    /// code of 4XX.
+    ClientError,
+    /// Indicates cases in which the server is aware that it has erred or is
+    /// incapable of performing the request: a status code of 5XX.
+    ServerError,
+    /// Indicates that the status code is nonstandard and unknown: all other
+    /// status codes.
+    Unknown
+}
+
+macro_rules! class_check_fn {
+    ($func:ident, $type:expr, $variant:ident) => (
+        /// Returns `true` if `self` is a `StatusClass` of
+        #[doc=$type]
+        /// Returns `false` otherwise.
+        #[inline(always)]
+        pub fn $func(&self) -> bool {
+            *self == StatusClass::$variant
+        }
+    )
+}
+
+impl StatusClass {
+    class_check_fn!(is_informational, "`Informational` (1XX).", Informational);
+    class_check_fn!(is_success, "`Success` (2XX).", Success);
+    class_check_fn!(is_redirection, "`Redirection` (3XX).", Redirection);
+    class_check_fn!(is_client_error, "`ClientError` (4XX).", ClientError);
+    class_check_fn!(is_server_error, "`ServerError` (5XX).", ServerError);
+    class_check_fn!(is_unknown, "`Unknown`.", Unknown);
+}
+
+/// Structure representing an HTTP status: an integer code and a reason phrase.
+///
+/// # Usage
+///
+/// Status classes should rarely be created directly. Instead, an associated
+/// constant should be used; one is declared for every status defined
+/// in the HTTP standard.
+///
+/// ## Example
+///
+/// A status of `200 OK` can be instantiated via the `Ok` constant:
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// # extern crate rocket;
+/// use rocket::http::Status;
+///
+/// # #[allow(unused_variables)]
+/// let ok = Status::Ok;
+/// ```
+///
+/// A status of `404 Not Found` can be instantiated via the `NotFound` constant:
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// # extern crate rocket;
+/// use rocket::http::Status;
+///
+/// # #[allow(unused_variables)]
+/// let not_found = Status::NotFound;
+/// ```
+///
+/// The code and phrase can be retrieved directly:
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// # extern crate rocket;
+/// use rocket::http::Status;
+///
+/// let not_found = Status::NotFound;
+///
+/// assert_eq!(not_found.code, 404);
+/// assert_eq!(not_found.reason, "Not Found");
+/// assert_eq!(not_found.to_string(), "404 Not Found".to_string());
+/// ```
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Hash, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct Status {
+    /// The HTTP status code associated with this status.
+    pub code: u16,
+    /// The HTTP reason phrase associated with this status.
+    pub reason: &'static str
+}
+
+macro_rules! ctrs {
+    ($($code:expr, $code_str:expr, $name:ident => $reason:expr),+) => {
+        $(
+            #[doc="[`Status`] with code <b>"]
+            #[doc=$code_str]
+            #[doc="</b> and reason <i>"]
+            #[doc=$reason]
+            #[doc="</i>."]
+            #[allow(non_upper_case_globals)]
+            pub const $name: Status = Status { code: $code, reason: $reason };
+         )+
+
+        /// Returns a Status given a standard status code `code`. If `code` is
+        /// not a known status code, `None` is returned.
+        ///
+        /// # Example
+        ///
+        /// Create a `Status` from a known `code`:
+        ///
+        /// ```rust
+        /// # extern crate rocket;
+        /// use rocket::http::Status;
+        ///
+        /// let not_found = Status::from_code(404);
+        /// assert_eq!(not_found, Some(Status::NotFound));
+        /// ```
+        ///
+        /// Create a `Status` from an unknown `code`:
+        ///
+        /// ```rust
+        /// # extern crate rocket;
+        /// use rocket::http::Status;
+        ///
+        /// let not_found = Status::from_code(600);
+        /// assert!(not_found.is_none());
+        /// ```
+        pub fn from_code(code: u16) -> Option<Status> {
+            match code {
+                $($code => Some(Status::$name),)+
+                _ => None
+            }
+        }
+    };
+}
+
+impl Status {
+    /// Creates a new `Status` with `code` and `reason`. This should be used _only_
+    /// to construct non-standard HTTP statuses. Use an associated constant for
+    /// standard statuses.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// Create a custom `299 Somewhat Successful` status:
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate rocket;
+    /// use rocket::http::Status;
+    ///
+    /// let custom = Status::new(299, "Somewhat Successful");
+    /// assert_eq!(custom.to_string(), "299 Somewhat Successful".to_string());
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn new(code: u16, reason: &'static str) -> Status {
+        Status { code, reason }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the class of a given status.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate rocket;
+    /// use rocket::http::{Status, StatusClass};
+    ///
+    /// let processing = Status::Processing;
+    /// assert_eq!(processing.class(), StatusClass::Informational);
+    ///
+    /// let ok = Status::Ok;
+    /// assert_eq!(ok.class(), StatusClass::Success);
+    ///
+    /// let see_other = Status::SeeOther;
+    /// assert_eq!(see_other.class(), StatusClass::Redirection);
+    ///
+    /// let not_found = Status::NotFound;
+    /// assert_eq!(not_found.class(), StatusClass::ClientError);
+    ///
+    /// let internal_error = Status::InternalServerError;
+    /// assert_eq!(internal_error.class(), StatusClass::ServerError);
+    ///
+    /// let custom = Status::new(600, "Bizarre");
+    /// assert_eq!(custom.class(), StatusClass::Unknown);
+    /// ```
+    pub fn class(&self) -> StatusClass {
+        match self.code / 100 {
+            1 => StatusClass::Informational,
+            2 => StatusClass::Success,
+            3 => StatusClass::Redirection,
+            4 => StatusClass::ClientError,
+            5 => StatusClass::ServerError,
+            _ => StatusClass::Unknown
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns a status from a given status code. If the status code is a
+    /// standard code, then the reason phrase is populated accordingly.
+    /// Otherwise the reason phrase is set to "<unknown code>".
+    #[inline]
+    #[doc(hidden)]
+    pub fn raw(code: u16) -> Status {
+        match Status::from_code(code) {
+            Some(status) => status,
+            None => Status::new(code, "<unknown code>")
+        }
+    }
+
+    ctrs! {
+        100, "100", Continue => "Continue",
+        101, "101", SwitchingProtocols => "Switching Protocols",
+        102, "102", Processing => "Processing",
+        200, "200", Ok => "OK",
+        201, "201", Created => "Created",
+        202, "202", Accepted => "Accepted",
+        203, "203", NonAuthoritativeInformation => "Non-Authoritative Information",
+        204, "204", NoContent => "No Content",
+        205, "205", ResetContent => "Reset Content",
+        206, "206", PartialContent => "Partial Content",
+        207, "207", MultiStatus => "Multi-Status",
+        208, "208", AlreadyReported => "Already Reported",
+        226, "226", ImUsed => "IM Used",
+        300, "300", MultipleChoices => "Multiple Choices",
+        301, "301", MovedPermanently => "Moved Permanently",
+        302, "302", Found => "Found",
+        303, "303", SeeOther => "See Other",
+        304, "304", NotModified => "Not Modified",
+        305, "305", UseProxy => "Use Proxy",
+        307, "307", TemporaryRedirect => "Temporary Redirect",
+        308, "308", PermanentRedirect => "Permanent Redirect",
+        400, "400", BadRequest => "Bad Request",
+        401, "401", Unauthorized => "Unauthorized",
+        402, "402", PaymentRequired => "Payment Required",
+        403, "403", Forbidden => "Forbidden",
+        404, "404", NotFound => "Not Found",
+        405, "405", MethodNotAllowed => "Method Not Allowed",
+        406, "406", NotAcceptable => "Not Acceptable",
+        407, "407", ProxyAuthenticationRequired => "Proxy Authentication Required",
+        408, "408", RequestTimeout => "Request Timeout",
+        409, "409", Conflict => "Conflict",
+        410, "410", Gone => "Gone",
+        411, "411", LengthRequired => "Length Required",
+        412, "412", PreconditionFailed => "Precondition Failed",
+        413, "413", PayloadTooLarge => "Payload Too Large",
+        414, "414", UriTooLong => "URI Too Long",
+        415, "415", UnsupportedMediaType => "Unsupported Media Type",
+        416, "416", RangeNotSatisfiable => "Range Not Satisfiable",
+        417, "417", ExpectationFailed => "Expectation Failed",
+        418, "418", ImATeapot => "I'm a teapot",
+        421, "421", MisdirectedRequest => "Misdirected Request",
+        422, "422", UnprocessableEntity => "Unprocessable Entity",
+        423, "423", Locked => "Locked",
+        424, "424", FailedDependency => "Failed Dependency",
+        426, "426", UpgradeRequired => "Upgrade Required",
+        428, "428", PreconditionRequired => "Precondition Required",
+        429, "429", TooManyRequests => "Too Many Requests",
+        431, "431", RequestHeaderFieldsTooLarge => "Request Header Fields Too Large",
+        451, "451", UnavailableForLegalReasons => "Unavailable For Legal Reasons",
+        500, "500", InternalServerError => "Internal Server Error",
+        501, "501", NotImplemented => "Not Implemented",
+        502, "502", BadGateway => "Bad Gateway",
+        503, "503", ServiceUnavailable => "Service Unavailable",
+        504, "504", GatewayTimeout => "Gateway Timeout",
+        505, "505", HttpVersionNotSupported => "HTTP Version Not Supported",
+        506, "506", VariantAlsoNegotiates => "Variant Also Negotiates",
+        507, "507", InsufficientStorage => "Insufficient Storage",
+        508, "508", LoopDetected => "Loop Detected",
+        510, "510", NotExtended => "Not Extended",
+        511, "511", NetworkAuthenticationRequired => "Network Authentication Required"
+    }
+}
+
+impl fmt::Display for Status {
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+        write!(f, "{} {}", self.code, self.reason)
+    }
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/src/tls.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/src/tls.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..63931ca3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/src/tls.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+extern crate rustls;
+extern crate hyper_sync_rustls;
+
+pub use self::hyper_sync_rustls::{util, WrappedStream, ServerSession, TlsServer};
+pub use self::rustls::{Certificate, PrivateKey};
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/src/uncased.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/src/uncased.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b81a7b13
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/src/uncased.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,419 @@
+//! Contains types that encapsulate uncased ASCII strings.
+//!
+//! An 'uncased' ASCII string is case-preserving. That is, the string itself
+//! contains cased characters, but comparison (including ordering, equality, and
+//! hashing) is case-insensitive.
+
+use std::ops::Deref;
+use std::borrow::{Cow, Borrow};
+use std::cmp::Ordering;
+use std::hash::{Hash, Hasher};
+use std::fmt;
+
+/// A reference to an uncased (case-preserving) ASCII string. This is typically
+/// created from an `&str` as follows:
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// # extern crate rocket;
+/// use rocket::http::uncased::UncasedStr;
+///
+/// let ascii_ref: &UncasedStr = "Hello, world!".into();
+/// ```
+#[repr(C)]
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct UncasedStr(str);
+
+impl UncasedStr {
+    /// Returns a reference to an `UncasedStr` from an `&str`.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate rocket;
+    /// use rocket::http::uncased::UncasedStr;
+    ///
+    /// let uncased_str = UncasedStr::new("Hello!");
+    /// assert_eq!(uncased_str, "hello!");
+    /// assert_eq!(uncased_str, "Hello!");
+    /// assert_eq!(uncased_str, "HeLLo!");
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn new(string: &str) -> &UncasedStr {
+        // This is simply a `newtype`-like transformation. The `repr(C)` ensures
+        // that this is safe and correct. Note this exact pattern appears often
+        // in the standard library.
+        unsafe { &*(string as *const str as *const UncasedStr) }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns `self` as an `&str`.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate rocket;
+    /// use rocket::http::uncased::UncasedStr;
+    ///
+    /// let uncased_str = UncasedStr::new("Hello!");
+    /// assert_eq!(uncased_str.as_str(), "Hello!");
+    /// assert_ne!(uncased_str.as_str(), "hELLo!");
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn as_str(&self) -> &str {
+        &self.0
+    }
+
+    /// Converts a `Box<UncasedStr>` into an `Uncased` without copying or allocating.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate rocket;
+    /// use rocket::http::uncased::Uncased;
+    ///
+    /// let uncased = Uncased::new("Hello!");
+    /// let boxed = uncased.clone().into_boxed_uncased();
+    /// assert_eq!(boxed.into_uncased(), uncased);
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn into_uncased(self: Box<UncasedStr>) -> Uncased<'static> {
+        // This is the inverse of a `newtype`-like transformation. The `repr(C)`
+        // ensures that this is safe and correct. Note this exact pattern
+        // appears often in the standard library.
+        unsafe {
+            let raw_str = Box::into_raw(self) as *mut str;
+            Uncased::from(Box::from_raw(raw_str).into_string())
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl PartialEq for UncasedStr {
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn eq(&self, other: &UncasedStr) -> bool {
+        self.0.eq_ignore_ascii_case(&other.0)
+    }
+}
+
+impl PartialEq<str> for UncasedStr {
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn eq(&self, other: &str) -> bool {
+        self.0.eq_ignore_ascii_case(other)
+    }
+}
+
+impl PartialEq<UncasedStr> for str {
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn eq(&self, other: &UncasedStr) -> bool {
+        other.0.eq_ignore_ascii_case(self)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> PartialEq<&'a str> for UncasedStr {
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn eq(&self, other: & &'a str) -> bool {
+        self.0.eq_ignore_ascii_case(other)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> PartialEq<UncasedStr> for &'a str {
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn eq(&self, other: &UncasedStr) -> bool {
+        other.0.eq_ignore_ascii_case(self)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> From<&'a str> for &'a UncasedStr {
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn from(string: &'a str) -> &'a UncasedStr {
+        UncasedStr::new(string)
+    }
+}
+
+impl Eq for UncasedStr {  }
+
+impl Hash for UncasedStr {
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn hash<H: Hasher>(&self, hasher: &mut H) {
+        for byte in self.0.bytes() {
+            hasher.write_u8(byte.to_ascii_lowercase());
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl PartialOrd for UncasedStr {
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &UncasedStr) -> Option<Ordering> {
+        Some(self.cmp(other))
+    }
+}
+
+impl Ord for UncasedStr {
+    fn cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Ordering {
+        let self_chars = self.0.chars().map(|c| c.to_ascii_lowercase());
+        let other_chars = other.0.chars().map(|c| c.to_ascii_lowercase());
+        self_chars.cmp(other_chars)
+    }
+}
+
+impl fmt::Display for UncasedStr {
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+        self.0.fmt(f)
+    }
+}
+
+/// An uncased (case-preserving), owned _or_ borrowed ASCII string.
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+pub struct Uncased<'s> {
+    #[doc(hidden)]
+    pub string: Cow<'s, str>
+}
+
+impl<'s> Uncased<'s> {
+    /// Creates a new `Uncased` string from `string` without allocating.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate rocket;
+    /// use rocket::http::uncased::Uncased;
+    ///
+    /// let uncased = Uncased::new("Content-Type");
+    /// assert_eq!(uncased, "content-type");
+    /// assert_eq!(uncased, "CONTENT-Type");
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn new<S: Into<Cow<'s, str>>>(string: S) -> Uncased<'s> {
+        Uncased { string: string.into() }
+    }
+
+    /// Converts `self` into an owned `String`, allocating if necessary.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate rocket;
+    /// use rocket::http::uncased::Uncased;
+    ///
+    /// let uncased = Uncased::new("Content-Type");
+    /// let string = uncased.into_string();
+    /// assert_eq!(string, "Content-Type".to_string());
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn into_string(self) -> String {
+        self.string.into_owned()
+    }
+
+    /// Converts `self` into a `Box<UncasedStr>`.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate rocket;
+    /// use rocket::http::uncased::Uncased;
+    ///
+    /// let boxed = Uncased::new("Content-Type").into_boxed_uncased();
+    /// assert_eq!(&*boxed, "content-type");
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn into_boxed_uncased(self) -> Box<UncasedStr> {
+        // This is simply a `newtype`-like transformation. The `repr(C)` ensures
+        // that this is safe and correct. Note this exact pattern appears often
+        // in the standard library.
+        unsafe {
+            let raw_str = Box::into_raw(self.string.into_owned().into_boxed_str());
+            Box::from_raw(raw_str as *mut UncasedStr)
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the inner `Cow`.
+    #[doc(hidden)]
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn into_cow(self) -> Cow<'s, str> {
+        self.string
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> Deref for Uncased<'a> {
+    type Target = UncasedStr;
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn deref(&self) -> &UncasedStr {
+        UncasedStr::new(self.string.borrow())
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> AsRef<UncasedStr> for Uncased<'a>{
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn as_ref(&self) -> &UncasedStr {
+        UncasedStr::new(self.string.borrow())
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> Borrow<UncasedStr> for Uncased<'a> {
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn borrow(&self) -> &UncasedStr {
+        self.as_str().into()
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'s, 'c: 's> From<&'c str> for Uncased<'s> {
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn from(string: &'c str) -> Self {
+        Uncased::new(string)
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<String> for Uncased<'static> {
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn from(string: String) -> Self {
+        Uncased::new(string)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'s, 'c: 's> From<Cow<'c, str>> for Uncased<'s> {
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn from(string: Cow<'c, str>) -> Self {
+        Uncased::new(string)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'s, 'c: 's, T: Into<Cow<'c, str>>> From<T> for Uncased<'s> {
+    #[inline(always)]
+    default fn from(string: T) -> Self {
+        Uncased::new(string)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a, 'b> PartialOrd<Uncased<'b>> for Uncased<'a> {
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Uncased<'b>) -> Option<Ordering> {
+        self.as_ref().partial_cmp(other.as_ref())
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> Ord for Uncased<'a> {
+    fn cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Ordering {
+        self.as_ref().cmp(other.as_ref())
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'s> fmt::Display for Uncased<'s> {
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+        self.string.fmt(f)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a, 'b> PartialEq<Uncased<'b>> for Uncased<'a> {
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn eq(&self, other: &Uncased<'b>) -> bool {
+        self.as_ref().eq(other.as_ref())
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> PartialEq<str> for Uncased<'a> {
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn eq(&self, other: &str) -> bool {
+        self.as_ref().eq(other)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'b> PartialEq<Uncased<'b>> for str {
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn eq(&self, other: &Uncased<'b>) -> bool {
+        other.as_ref().eq(self)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a, 'b> PartialEq<&'b str> for Uncased<'a> {
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn eq(&self, other: & &'b str) -> bool {
+        self.as_ref().eq(other)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a, 'b> PartialEq<Uncased<'b>> for &'a str {
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn eq(&self, other: &Uncased<'b>) -> bool {
+        other.as_ref().eq(self)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'s> Eq for Uncased<'s> {  }
+
+impl<'s> Hash for Uncased<'s> {
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn hash<H: Hasher>(&self, hasher: &mut H) {
+        self.as_ref().hash(hasher)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Returns true if `s1` and `s2` are equal without considering case.
+///
+/// That is, for ASCII strings, this function returns `s1.to_lower() ==
+/// s2.to_lower()`, but does it in a much faster way.
+#[inline(always)]
+pub fn uncased_eq<S1: AsRef<str>, S2: AsRef<str>>(s1: S1, s2: S2) -> bool {
+    UncasedStr::new(s1.as_ref()) == UncasedStr::new(s2.as_ref())
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::Uncased;
+    use std::hash::{Hash, Hasher};
+    use std::collections::hash_map::DefaultHasher;
+
+    fn hash<T: Hash>(t: &T) -> u64 {
+        let mut s = DefaultHasher::new();
+        t.hash(&mut s);
+        s.finish()
+    }
+
+    macro_rules! assert_uncased_eq {
+        ($($string:expr),+) => ({
+            let mut strings = Vec::new();
+            $(strings.push($string);)+
+
+            for i in 0..strings.len() {
+                for j in i..strings.len() {
+                    let (str_a, str_b) = (strings[i], strings[j]);
+                    let ascii_a = Uncased::from(str_a);
+                    let ascii_b = Uncased::from(str_b);
+                    assert_eq!(ascii_a, ascii_b);
+                    assert_eq!(hash(&ascii_a), hash(&ascii_b));
+                    assert_eq!(ascii_a, str_a);
+                    assert_eq!(ascii_b, str_b);
+                    assert_eq!(ascii_a, str_b);
+                    assert_eq!(ascii_b, str_a);
+                }
+            }
+        })
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_case_insensitive() {
+        assert_uncased_eq!["a", "A"];
+        assert_uncased_eq!["foobar", "FOOBAR", "FooBar", "fOObAr", "fooBAR"];
+        assert_uncased_eq!["", ""];
+        assert_uncased_eq!["content-type", "Content-Type", "CONTENT-TYPE"];
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_case_cmp() {
+        assert!(Uncased::from("foobar") == Uncased::from("FOOBAR"));
+        assert!(Uncased::from("a") == Uncased::from("A"));
+
+        assert!(Uncased::from("a") < Uncased::from("B"));
+        assert!(Uncased::from("A") < Uncased::from("B"));
+        assert!(Uncased::from("A") < Uncased::from("b"));
+
+        assert!(Uncased::from("aa") > Uncased::from("a"));
+        assert!(Uncased::from("aa") > Uncased::from("A"));
+        assert!(Uncased::from("AA") > Uncased::from("a"));
+        assert!(Uncased::from("AA") > Uncased::from("a"));
+        assert!(Uncased::from("Aa") > Uncased::from("a"));
+        assert!(Uncased::from("Aa") > Uncased::from("A"));
+        assert!(Uncased::from("aA") > Uncased::from("a"));
+        assert!(Uncased::from("aA") > Uncased::from("A"));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/src/uri/absolute.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/src/uri/absolute.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..16c1788b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/src/uri/absolute.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
+use std::borrow::Cow;
+use std::fmt::{self, Display};
+
+use ext::IntoOwned;
+use parse::{Indexed, IndexedStr};
+use uri::{Authority, Origin, Error, as_utf8_unchecked};
+
+/// A URI with a scheme, authority, path, and query:
+/// `http://user:pass@domain.com:4444/path?query`.
+///
+/// # Structure
+///
+/// The following diagram illustrates the syntactic structure of an absolute
+/// URI with all optional parts:
+///
+/// ```text
+///  http://user:pass@domain.com:4444/path?query
+///  |--|   |-----------------------||---------|
+/// scheme          authority          origin
+/// ```
+///
+/// The scheme part of the absolute URI and at least one of authority or origin
+/// are required.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct Absolute<'a> {
+    source: Option<Cow<'a, str>>,
+    scheme: IndexedStr<'a>,
+    authority: Option<Authority<'a>>,
+    origin: Option<Origin<'a>>,
+}
+
+impl<'a> IntoOwned for Absolute<'a> {
+    type Owned = Absolute<'static>;
+
+    fn into_owned(self) -> Self::Owned {
+        Absolute {
+            source: self.source.into_owned(),
+            scheme: self.scheme.into_owned(),
+            authority: self.authority.into_owned(),
+            origin: self.origin.into_owned(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> Absolute<'a> {
+    #[inline]
+    pub(crate) unsafe fn raw(
+        source: Cow<'a, [u8]>,
+        scheme: Indexed<'a, [u8]>,
+        authority: Option<Authority<'a>>,
+        origin: Option<Origin<'a>>,
+    ) -> Absolute<'a> {
+        Absolute {
+            source: Some(as_utf8_unchecked(source)),
+            scheme: scheme.coerce(),
+            authority: authority,
+            origin: origin,
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(test)]
+    pub(crate) fn new(
+        scheme: &'a str,
+        authority: Option<Authority<'a>>,
+        origin: Option<Origin<'a>>
+    ) -> Absolute<'a> {
+        Absolute {
+            source: None, scheme: scheme.into(), authority, origin
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Parses the string `string` into an `Absolute`. Parsing will never
+    /// allocate. Returns an `Error` if `string` is not a valid absolute URI.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate rocket;
+    /// use rocket::http::uri::Absolute;
+    ///
+    /// // Parse a valid authority URI.
+    /// let uri = Absolute::parse("http://google.com").expect("valid URI");
+    /// assert_eq!(uri.scheme(), "http");
+    /// assert_eq!(uri.authority().unwrap().host(), "google.com");
+    /// assert_eq!(uri.origin(), None);
+    /// ```
+    pub fn parse(string: &'a str) -> Result<Absolute<'a>, Error<'a>> {
+        ::parse::uri::absolute_from_str(string)
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the scheme part of the absolute URI.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate rocket;
+    /// use rocket::http::uri::Absolute;
+    ///
+    /// let uri = Absolute::parse("ftp://127.0.0.1").expect("valid URI");
+    /// assert_eq!(uri.scheme(), "ftp");
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn scheme(&self) -> &str {
+        self.scheme.from_cow_source(&self.source)
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the authority part of the absolute URI, if there is one.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate rocket;
+    /// use rocket::http::uri::Absolute;
+    ///
+    /// let uri = Absolute::parse("https://rocket.rs:80").expect("valid URI");
+    /// assert_eq!(uri.scheme(), "https");
+    /// let authority = uri.authority().unwrap();
+    /// assert_eq!(authority.host(), "rocket.rs");
+    /// assert_eq!(authority.port(), Some(80));
+    ///
+    /// let uri = Absolute::parse("file:/web/home").expect("valid URI");
+    /// assert_eq!(uri.authority(), None);
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn authority(&self) -> Option<&Authority<'a>> {
+        self.authority.as_ref()
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the origin part of the absolute URI, if there is one.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate rocket;
+    /// use rocket::http::uri::Absolute;
+    ///
+    /// let uri = Absolute::parse("file:/web/home.html?new").expect("valid URI");
+    /// assert_eq!(uri.scheme(), "file");
+    /// let origin = uri.origin().unwrap();
+    /// assert_eq!(origin.path(), "/web/home.html");
+    /// assert_eq!(origin.query(), Some("new"));
+    ///
+    /// let uri = Absolute::parse("https://rocket.rs").expect("valid URI");
+    /// assert_eq!(uri.origin(), None);
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn origin(&self) -> Option<&Origin<'a>> {
+        self.origin.as_ref()
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a, 'b> PartialEq<Absolute<'b>> for Absolute<'a> {
+    fn eq(&self, other: &Absolute<'b>) -> bool {
+        self.scheme() == other.scheme()
+            && self.authority() == other.authority()
+            && self.origin() == other.origin()
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> Display for Absolute<'a> {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+        write!(f, "{}", self.scheme())?;
+        match self.authority {
+            Some(ref authority) => write!(f, "://{}", authority)?,
+            None => write!(f, ":")?
+        }
+
+        if let Some(ref origin) = self.origin {
+            write!(f, "{}", origin)?;
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/src/uri/authority.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/src/uri/authority.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5e703e59
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/src/uri/authority.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,227 @@
+use std::fmt::{self, Display};
+use std::borrow::Cow;
+
+use ext::IntoOwned;
+use parse::{Indexed, IndexedStr};
+use uri::{as_utf8_unchecked, Error};
+
+/// A URI with an authority only: `user:pass@host:8000`.
+///
+/// # Structure
+///
+/// The following diagram illustrates the syntactic structure of an authority
+/// URI:
+///
+/// ```text
+/// username:password@some.host:8088
+/// |---------------| |-------| |--|
+///     user info        host   port
+/// ```
+///
+/// Only the host part of the URI is required.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct Authority<'a> {
+    source: Option<Cow<'a, str>>,
+    user_info: Option<IndexedStr<'a>>,
+    host: Host<IndexedStr<'a>>,
+    port: Option<u16>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub(crate) enum Host<T> {
+    Bracketed(T),
+    Raw(T)
+}
+
+impl<T: IntoOwned> IntoOwned for Host<T> {
+    type Owned = Host<T::Owned>;
+
+    fn into_owned(self) -> Self::Owned {
+        self.map_inner(IntoOwned::into_owned)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> IntoOwned for Authority<'a> {
+    type Owned = Authority<'static>;
+
+    fn into_owned(self) -> Authority<'static> {
+        Authority {
+            source: self.source.into_owned(),
+            user_info: self.user_info.into_owned(),
+            host: self.host.into_owned(),
+            port: self.port
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> Authority<'a> {
+    pub(crate) unsafe fn raw(
+        source: Cow<'a, [u8]>,
+        user_info: Option<Indexed<'a, [u8]>>,
+        host: Host<Indexed<'a, [u8]>>,
+        port: Option<u16>
+    ) -> Authority<'a> {
+        Authority {
+            source: Some(as_utf8_unchecked(source)),
+            user_info: user_info.map(|u| u.coerce()),
+            host: host.map_inner(|inner| inner.coerce()),
+            port: port
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(test)]
+    pub(crate) fn new(
+        user_info: Option<&'a str>,
+        host: Host<&'a str>,
+        port: Option<u16>
+    ) -> Authority<'a> {
+        Authority {
+            source: None,
+            user_info: user_info.map(|u| u.into()),
+            host: host.map_inner(|inner| inner.into()),
+            port: port
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Parses the string `string` into an `Authority`. Parsing will never
+    /// allocate. Returns an `Error` if `string` is not a valid authority URI.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate rocket;
+    /// use rocket::http::uri::Authority;
+    ///
+    /// // Parse a valid authority URI.
+    /// let uri = Authority::parse("user:pass@host").expect("valid URI");
+    /// assert_eq!(uri.user_info(), Some("user:pass"));
+    /// assert_eq!(uri.host(), "host");
+    /// assert_eq!(uri.port(), None);
+    ///
+    /// // Invalid authority URIs fail to parse.
+    /// Authority::parse("http://google.com").expect_err("invalid authority");
+    /// ```
+    pub fn parse(string: &'a str) -> Result<Authority<'a>, Error<'a>> {
+        ::parse::uri::authority_from_str(string)
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the user info part of the authority URI, if there is one.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate rocket;
+    /// use rocket::http::uri::Authority;
+    ///
+    /// let uri = Authority::parse("username:password@host").unwrap();
+    /// assert_eq!(uri.user_info(), Some("username:password"));
+    /// ```
+    pub fn user_info(&self) -> Option<&str> {
+        self.user_info.as_ref().map(|u| u.from_cow_source(&self.source))
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the host part of the authority URI.
+    ///
+    ///
+    /// If the host was provided in brackets (such as for IPv6 addresses), the
+    /// brackets will not be part of the returned string.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate rocket;
+    /// use rocket::http::uri::Authority;
+    ///
+    /// let uri = Authority::parse("domain.com:123").unwrap();
+    /// assert_eq!(uri.host(), "domain.com");
+    ///
+    /// let uri = Authority::parse("username:password@host:123").unwrap();
+    /// assert_eq!(uri.host(), "host");
+    ///
+    /// let uri = Authority::parse("username:password@[1::2]:123").unwrap();
+    /// assert_eq!(uri.host(), "1::2");
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn host(&self) -> &str {
+        self.host.inner().from_cow_source(&self.source)
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the port part of the authority URI, if there is one.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate rocket;
+    /// use rocket::http::uri::Authority;
+    ///
+    /// // With a port.
+    /// let uri = Authority::parse("username:password@host:123").unwrap();
+    /// assert_eq!(uri.port(), Some(123));
+    ///
+    /// let uri = Authority::parse("domain.com:8181").unwrap();
+    /// assert_eq!(uri.port(), Some(8181));
+    ///
+    /// // Without a port.
+    /// let uri = Authority::parse("username:password@host").unwrap();
+    /// assert_eq!(uri.port(), None);
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn port(&self) -> Option<u16> {
+        self.port
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a, 'b> PartialEq<Authority<'b>> for Authority<'a> {
+    fn eq(&self, other: &Authority<'b>) -> bool {
+        self.user_info() == other.user_info()
+            && self.host() == other.host()
+            && self.host.is_bracketed() == other.host.is_bracketed()
+            && self.port() == other.port()
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> Display for Authority<'a> {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+        if let Some(user_info) = self.user_info() {
+            write!(f, "{}@", user_info)?;
+        }
+
+        match self.host {
+            Host::Bracketed(_) => write!(f, "[{}]", self.host())?,
+            Host::Raw(_) => write!(f, "{}", self.host())?
+        }
+
+        if let Some(port) = self.port {
+            write!(f, ":{}", port)?;
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T> Host<T> {
+    #[inline]
+    fn inner(&self) -> &T {
+        match *self {
+            Host::Bracketed(ref inner) | Host::Raw(ref inner) => inner
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn is_bracketed(&self) -> bool {
+        match *self {
+            Host::Bracketed(_) => true,
+            _ => false
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn map_inner<F, U>(self, f: F) -> Host<U>
+        where F: FnOnce(T) -> U
+    {
+        match self {
+            Host::Bracketed(inner) => Host::Bracketed(f(inner)),
+            Host::Raw(inner) => Host::Raw(f(inner))
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/src/uri/encoding.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/src/uri/encoding.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d7ed90d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/src/uri/encoding.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+use std::marker::PhantomData;
+use std::borrow::Cow;
+
+use percent_encoding::{EncodeSet, utf8_percent_encode};
+
+use uri::{UriPart, Path, Query};
+use parse::uri::is_pchar;
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
+#[allow(non_camel_case_types)]
+pub(crate) struct UNSAFE_ENCODE_SET<P: UriPart>(PhantomData<P>);
+
+impl<P: UriPart> Default for UNSAFE_ENCODE_SET<P> {
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn default() -> Self { UNSAFE_ENCODE_SET(PhantomData) }
+}
+
+impl EncodeSet for UNSAFE_ENCODE_SET<Path> {
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn contains(&self, byte: u8) -> bool {
+        !is_pchar(byte) || byte == b'%'
+    }
+}
+
+impl EncodeSet for UNSAFE_ENCODE_SET<Query> {
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn contains(&self, byte: u8) -> bool {
+        (!is_pchar(byte) && (byte != b'?')) || byte == b'%' || byte == b'+'
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
+#[allow(non_camel_case_types)]
+pub(crate) struct ENCODE_SET<P: UriPart>(PhantomData<P>);
+
+impl EncodeSet for ENCODE_SET<Path> {
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn contains(&self, byte: u8) -> bool {
+        <UNSAFE_ENCODE_SET<Path>>::default().contains(byte) || byte == b'/'
+    }
+}
+
+impl EncodeSet for ENCODE_SET<Query> {
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn contains(&self, byte: u8) -> bool {
+        <UNSAFE_ENCODE_SET<Query>>::default().contains(byte) || match byte {
+            b'&' | b'=' => true,
+            _ => false
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Default, Clone, Copy)]
+#[allow(non_camel_case_types)]
+pub(crate) struct DEFAULT_ENCODE_SET;
+
+impl EncodeSet for DEFAULT_ENCODE_SET {
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn contains(&self, byte: u8) -> bool {
+        ENCODE_SET::<Path>(PhantomData).contains(byte) ||
+            ENCODE_SET::<Query>(PhantomData).contains(byte)
+    }
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn unsafe_percent_encode<P: UriPart>(string: &str) -> Cow<str> {
+    match P::DELIMITER {
+        '/' => percent_encode::<UNSAFE_ENCODE_SET<Path>>(string),
+        '&' => percent_encode::<UNSAFE_ENCODE_SET<Query>>(string),
+        _ => percent_encode::<DEFAULT_ENCODE_SET>(string)
+    }
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn percent_encode<S: EncodeSet + Default>(string: &str) -> Cow<str> {
+    utf8_percent_encode(string, S::default()).into()
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/src/uri/formatter.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/src/uri/formatter.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..22793e43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/src/uri/formatter.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,533 @@
+use std::fmt::{self, Write};
+use std::marker::PhantomData;
+
+use smallvec::SmallVec;
+
+use uri::{UriPart, Path, Query, UriDisplay, Origin};
+
+/// A struct used to format strings for [`UriDisplay`].
+///
+/// # Marker Generic: `Formatter<Path>` vs. `Formatter<Query>`
+///
+/// Like [`UriDisplay`], the [`UriPart`] parameter `P` in `Formatter<P>` must be
+/// either [`Path`] or [`Query`] resulting in either `Formatter<Path>` or
+/// `Formatter<Query>`. The `Path` version is used when formatting parameters
+/// in the path part of the URI while the `Query` version is used when
+/// formatting parameters in the query part of the URI. The
+/// [`write_named_value()`] method is only available to `UriDisplay<Query>`.
+///
+/// [`UriPart`]: uri::UriPart
+/// [`Path`]: uri::Path
+/// [`Query`]: uri::Query
+///
+/// # Overview
+///
+/// A mutable version of this struct is passed to [`UriDisplay::fmt()`]. This
+/// struct properly formats series of values for use in URIs. In particular,
+/// this struct applies the following transformations:
+///
+///   * When **mutliple values** are written, they are separated by `/` for
+///     `Path` types and `&` for `Query` types.
+///
+/// Additionally, for `Formatter<Query>`:
+///
+///   * When a **named value** is written with [`write_named_value()`], the name
+///     is written out, followed by a `=`, followed by the value.
+///
+///   * When **nested named values** are written, typically by passing a value
+///     to [`write_named_value()`] whose implementation of `UriDisplay` also
+///     calls `write_named_vlaue()`, the nested names are joined by a `.`,
+///     written out followed by a `=`, followed by the value.
+///
+/// [`UriDisplay`]: uri::UriDisplay
+/// [`UriDisplay::fmt()`]: uri::UriDisplay::fmt()
+/// [`write_named_value()`]: uri::Formatter::write_named_value()
+///
+/// # Usage
+///
+/// Usage is fairly straightforward:
+///
+///   * For every _named value_ you wish to emit, call [`write_named_value()`].
+///   * For every _unnamed value_ you wish to emit, call [`write_value()`].
+///   * To write a string directly, call [`write_raw()`].
+///
+/// The `write_named_value` method automatically prefixes the `name` to the
+/// written value and, along with `write_value` and `write_raw`, handles nested
+/// calls to `write_named_value` automatically, prefixing names when necessary.
+/// Unlike the other methods, `write_raw` does _not_ prefix any nested names
+/// every time it is called. Instead, it only prefixes the _first_ time it is
+/// called, after a call to `write_named_value` or `write_value`, or after a
+/// call to [`refresh()`].
+///
+/// [`refresh()`]: uri::Formatter::refresh()
+///
+/// # Example
+///
+/// The following example uses all of the `write` methods in a varied order to
+/// display the semantics of `Formatter<Query>`. Note that `UriDisplay` should
+/// rarely be implemented manually, preferring to use the derive, and that this
+/// implementation is purely demonstrative.
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// # extern crate rocket;
+/// use std::fmt;
+///
+/// use rocket::http::uri::{Formatter, UriDisplay, Query};
+///
+/// struct Outer {
+///     value: Inner,
+///     another: usize,
+///     extra: usize
+/// }
+///
+/// struct Inner {
+///     value: usize,
+///     extra: usize
+/// }
+///
+/// impl UriDisplay<Query> for Outer {
+///     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<Query>) -> fmt::Result {
+///         f.write_named_value("outer_field", &self.value)?;
+///         f.write_named_value("another", &self.another)?;
+///         f.write_raw("out")?;
+///         f.write_raw("side")?;
+///         f.write_value(&self.extra)
+///     }
+/// }
+///
+/// impl UriDisplay<Query> for Inner {
+///     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<Query>) -> fmt::Result {
+///         f.write_named_value("inner_field", &self.value)?;
+///         f.write_value(&self.extra)?;
+///         f.write_raw("inside")
+///     }
+/// }
+///
+/// let inner = Inner { value: 0, extra: 1 };
+/// let outer = Outer { value: inner, another: 2, extra: 3 };
+/// let uri_string = format!("{}", &outer as &UriDisplay<Query>);
+/// assert_eq!(uri_string, "outer_field.inner_field=0&\
+///                         outer_field=1&\
+///                         outer_field=inside&\
+///                         another=2&\
+///                         outside&\
+///                         3");
+/// ```
+///
+/// Note that you can also use the `write!` macro to write directly to the
+/// formatter as long as the [`std::fmt::Write`] trait is in scope. Internally,
+/// the `write!` macro calls [`write_raw()`], so care must be taken to ensure
+/// that the written string is URI-safe.
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// # #[macro_use] extern crate rocket;
+/// use std::fmt::{self, Write};
+///
+/// use rocket::http::uri::{UriDisplay, Formatter, UriPart, Path, Query};
+///
+/// pub struct Complex(u8, u8);
+///
+/// impl<P: UriPart> UriDisplay<P> for Complex {
+///     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<P>) -> fmt::Result {
+///         write!(f, "{}+{}", self.0, self.1)
+///     }
+/// }
+///
+/// let uri_string = format!("{}", &Complex(42, 231) as &UriDisplay<Path>);
+/// assert_eq!(uri_string, "42+231");
+///
+/// #[derive(UriDisplayQuery)]
+/// struct Message {
+///     number: Complex,
+/// }
+///
+/// let message = Message { number: Complex(42, 47) };
+/// let uri_string = format!("{}", &message as &UriDisplay<Query>);
+/// assert_eq!(uri_string, "number=42+47");
+/// ```
+///
+/// [`write_value()`]: uri::Formatter::write_value()
+/// [`write_raw()`]: uri::Formatter::write_raw()
+pub struct Formatter<'i, P: UriPart> {
+    prefixes: SmallVec<[&'static str; 3]>,
+    inner: &'i mut (dyn Write + 'i),
+    previous: bool,
+    fresh: bool,
+    _marker: PhantomData<P>,
+}
+
+impl<'i, P: UriPart> Formatter<'i, P> {
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub(crate) fn new(inner: &'i mut (dyn Write + 'i)) -> Self {
+        Formatter {
+            inner,
+            prefixes: SmallVec::new(),
+            previous: false,
+            fresh: true,
+            _marker: PhantomData,
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn refreshed<F: FnOnce(&mut Self) -> fmt::Result>(&mut self, f: F) -> fmt::Result {
+        self.refresh();
+        let result = f(self);
+        self.refresh();
+        result
+    }
+
+    /// Writes `string` to `self`.
+    ///
+    /// If `self` is _fresh_ (after a call to other `write_` methods or
+    /// [`refresh()`]), prefixes any names and adds separators as necessary.
+    ///
+    /// This method is called by the `write!` macro.
+    ///
+    /// [`refresh()`]: Formatter::refresh()
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate rocket;
+    /// use std::fmt;
+    ///
+    /// use rocket::http::uri::{Formatter, UriDisplay, UriPart, Path};
+    ///
+    /// struct Foo;
+    ///
+    /// impl<P: UriPart> UriDisplay<P> for Foo {
+    ///     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<P>) -> fmt::Result {
+    ///         f.write_raw("f")?;
+    ///         f.write_raw("o")?;
+    ///         f.write_raw("o")
+    ///     }
+    /// }
+    ///
+    /// let foo = Foo;
+    /// let uri_string = format!("{}", &foo as &UriDisplay<Path>);
+    /// assert_eq!(uri_string, "foo");
+    /// ```
+    pub fn write_raw<S: AsRef<str>>(&mut self, string: S) -> fmt::Result {
+        // This implementation is a bit of a lie to the type system. Instead of
+        // implementing this twice, one for <Path> and again for <Query>, we do
+        // this once here. This is okay since we know that this handles the
+        // cases for both Path and Query, and doing it this way allows us to
+        // keep the uri part generic _generic_ in other implementations that use
+        // `write_raw`.
+        if self.fresh && P::DELIMITER == '/' {
+            if self.previous {
+                self.inner.write_char(P::DELIMITER)?;
+            }
+        } else if self.fresh && P::DELIMITER == '&' {
+            if self.previous {
+                self.inner.write_char(P::DELIMITER)?;
+            }
+
+            if !self.prefixes.is_empty() {
+                for (i, prefix) in self.prefixes.iter().enumerate() {
+                    self.inner.write_str(prefix)?;
+                    if i < self.prefixes.len() - 1 {
+                        self.inner.write_str(".")?;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                self.inner.write_str("=")?;
+            }
+        }
+
+        self.fresh = false;
+        self.previous = true;
+        self.inner.write_str(string.as_ref())
+    }
+
+    /// Writes the unnamed value `value`. Any nested names are prefixed as
+    /// necessary.
+    ///
+    /// Refreshes `self` before and after the value is written.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate rocket;
+    /// use std::fmt;
+    ///
+    /// use rocket::http::uri::{Formatter, UriDisplay, UriPart, Path, Query};
+    ///
+    /// struct Foo(usize);
+    ///
+    /// impl<P: UriPart> UriDisplay<P> for Foo {
+    ///     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<P>) -> fmt::Result {
+    ///         f.write_value(&self.0)
+    ///     }
+    /// }
+    ///
+    /// let foo = Foo(123);
+    ///
+    /// let uri_string = format!("{}", &foo as &UriDisplay<Path>);
+    /// assert_eq!(uri_string, "123");
+    ///
+    /// let uri_string = format!("{}", &foo as &UriDisplay<Query>);
+    /// assert_eq!(uri_string, "123");
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn write_value<T: UriDisplay<P>>(&mut self, value: T) -> fmt::Result {
+        self.refreshed(|f| UriDisplay::fmt(&value, f))
+    }
+
+    /// Refreshes the formatter.
+    ///
+    /// After refreshing, [`write_raw()`] will prefix any nested names as well
+    /// as insert a separator.
+    ///
+    /// [`write_raw()`]: Formatter::write_raw()
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # #[macro_use] extern crate rocket;
+    /// use std::fmt;
+    ///
+    /// use rocket::http::uri::{Formatter, UriDisplay, Query, Path};
+    ///
+    /// struct Foo;
+    ///
+    /// impl UriDisplay<Query> for Foo {
+    ///     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<Query>) -> fmt::Result {
+    ///         f.write_raw("a")?;
+    ///         f.write_raw("raw")?;
+    ///         f.refresh();
+    ///         f.write_raw("format")
+    ///     }
+    /// }
+    ///
+    /// let uri_string = format!("{}", &Foo as &UriDisplay<Query>);
+    /// assert_eq!(uri_string, "araw&format");
+    ///
+    ///// #[derive(UriDisplayQuery)]
+    ///// struct Message {
+    /////     inner: Foo,
+    ///// }
+    /////
+    ///// let msg = Message { inner: Foo };
+    ///// let uri_string = format!("{}", &msg as &UriDisplay);
+    ///// assert_eq!(uri_string, "inner=araw&inner=format");
+    ///
+    /// impl UriDisplay<Path> for Foo {
+    ///     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<Path>) -> fmt::Result {
+    ///         f.write_raw("a")?;
+    ///         f.write_raw("raw")?;
+    ///         f.refresh();
+    ///         f.write_raw("format")
+    ///     }
+    /// }
+    ///
+    /// let uri_string = format!("{}", &Foo as &UriDisplay<Path>);
+    /// assert_eq!(uri_string, "araw/format");
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn refresh(&mut self) {
+        self.fresh = true;
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'i> Formatter<'i, Query> {
+    fn with_prefix<F>(&mut self, prefix: &str, f: F) -> fmt::Result
+        where F: FnOnce(&mut Self) -> fmt::Result
+    {
+        struct PrefixGuard<'f, 'i>(&'f mut Formatter<'i, Query>);
+
+        impl<'f, 'i> PrefixGuard<'f, 'i> {
+            fn new(prefix: &str, f: &'f mut Formatter<'i, Query>) -> Self {
+                // SAFETY: The `prefix` string is pushed in a `StackVec` for use
+                // by recursive (nested) calls to `write_raw`. The string is
+                // pushed in `PrefixGuard` here and then popped in `Drop`.
+                // `prefixes` is modified nowhere else, and no concrete-lifetime
+                // strings leak from the the vector. As a result, it is
+                // impossible for a `prefix` to be accessed incorrectly as:
+                //
+                //   * Rust _guarantees_ `prefix` is valid for this method
+                //   * `prefix` is only reachable while this method's stack is
+                //     active because it is unconditionally popped before this
+                //     method returns via `PrefixGuard::drop()`.
+                //   * should a panic occur in `f()`, `PrefixGuard::drop()` is
+                //     still called (or the program aborts), ensuring `prefix`
+                //     is no longer in `prefixes` and thus inaccessible.
+                //   * thus, at any point `prefix` is reachable, it is valid
+                //
+                // Said succinctly: `prefixes` shadows a subset of the
+                // `with_prefix` stack, making it reachable to other code.
+                let prefix = unsafe { std::mem::transmute(prefix) };
+                f.prefixes.push(prefix);
+                PrefixGuard(f)
+            }
+        }
+
+        impl Drop for PrefixGuard<'_, '_> {
+            fn drop(&mut self) {
+                self.0.prefixes.pop();
+            }
+        }
+
+        f(&mut PrefixGuard::new(prefix, self).0)
+    }
+
+    /// Writes the named value `value` by prefixing `name` followed by `=` to
+    /// the value. Any nested names are also prefixed as necessary.
+    ///
+    /// Refreshes `self` before the name is written and after the value is
+    /// written.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate rocket;
+    /// use std::fmt;
+    ///
+    /// use rocket::http::uri::{Formatter, UriDisplay, Query};
+    ///
+    /// struct Foo {
+    ///     name: usize
+    /// }
+    ///
+    /// // Note: This is identical to what #[derive(UriDisplayQuery)] would
+    /// // generate! In practice, _always_ use the derive.
+    /// impl UriDisplay<Query> for Foo {
+    ///     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<Query>) -> fmt::Result {
+    ///         f.write_named_value("name", &self.name)
+    ///     }
+    /// }
+    ///
+    /// let foo = Foo { name: 123 };
+    /// let uri_string = format!("{}", &foo as &UriDisplay<Query>);
+    /// assert_eq!(uri_string, "name=123");
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn write_named_value<T: UriDisplay<Query>>(&mut self, name: &str, value: T) -> fmt::Result {
+        self.refreshed(|f| f.with_prefix(name, |f| f.write_value(value)))
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'i, P: UriPart> fmt::Write for Formatter<'i, P> {
+    fn write_str(&mut self, s: &str) -> fmt::Result {
+        self.write_raw(s)
+    }
+}
+
+// Used by code generation.
+#[doc(hidden)]
+pub enum UriArgumentsKind<A> {
+    Static(&'static str),
+    Dynamic(A)
+}
+
+// Used by code generation.
+#[doc(hidden)]
+pub enum UriQueryArgument<'a> {
+    Raw(&'a str),
+    NameValue(&'a str, &'a dyn UriDisplay<Query>),
+    Value(&'a dyn UriDisplay<Query>)
+}
+
+// Used by code generation.
+#[doc(hidden)]
+pub struct UriArguments<'a> {
+    pub path: UriArgumentsKind<&'a [&'a dyn UriDisplay<Path>]>,
+    pub query: Option<UriArgumentsKind<&'a [UriQueryArgument<'a>]>>,
+}
+
+// Used by code generation.
+impl<'a> UriArguments<'a> {
+    #[doc(hidden)]
+    pub fn into_origin(self) -> Origin<'static> {
+        use std::borrow::Cow;
+        use self::{UriArgumentsKind::*, UriQueryArgument::*};
+
+        let path: Cow<'static, str> = match self.path {
+            Static(path) => path.into(),
+            Dynamic(args) => {
+                let mut string = String::from("/");
+                {
+                    let mut formatter = Formatter::<Path>::new(&mut string);
+                    for value in args {
+                        let _ = formatter.write_value(value);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                string.into()
+            }
+        };
+
+        let query: Option<Cow<'_, str>> = self.query.and_then(|q| match q {
+            Static(query) => Some(query.into()),
+            Dynamic(args) if args.is_empty() => None,
+            Dynamic(args) => {
+                let mut string = String::new();
+                {
+                    let mut f = Formatter::<Query>::new(&mut string);
+                    for arg in args {
+                        let _ = match arg {
+                            Raw(v) => f.write_raw(v),
+                            NameValue(n, v) => f.write_named_value(n, v),
+                            Value(v) => f.write_value(v),
+                        };
+                    }
+                }
+
+                Some(string.into())
+            }
+        });
+
+        Origin::new(path, query)
+    }
+}
+
+// See https://github.com/SergioBenitez/Rocket/issues/1534.
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod prefix_soundness_test {
+    use crate::uri::{Formatter, Query, UriDisplay};
+
+    struct MyValue;
+
+    impl UriDisplay<Query> for MyValue {
+        fn fmt(&self, _f: &mut Formatter<'_, Query>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+            panic!()
+        }
+    }
+
+    struct MyDisplay;
+
+    impl UriDisplay<Query> for MyDisplay {
+        fn fmt(&self, formatter: &mut Formatter<'_, Query>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+            struct Wrapper<'a, 'b>(&'a mut Formatter<'b, Query>);
+
+            impl<'a, 'b> Drop for Wrapper<'a, 'b> {
+                fn drop(&mut self) {
+                    let _overlap = String::from("12345");
+                    self.0.write_raw("world").ok();
+                    assert!(self.0.prefixes.is_empty());
+                }
+            }
+
+            let wrapper = Wrapper(formatter);
+            let temporary_string = String::from("hello");
+
+            // `write_named_value` will push `temp_string` into a buffer and
+            // call the formatter for `MyValue`, which panics. At the panic
+            // point, `formatter` contains an (illegal) static reference to
+            // `temp_string` in its `prefixes` stack. When unwinding occurs,
+            // `Wrapper` will be dropped. `Wrapper` holds a reference to
+            // `Formatter`, thus `Formatter` must be consistent at this point.
+            let _ = std::panic::catch_unwind(std::panic::AssertUnwindSafe(|| {
+                wrapper.0.write_named_value(&temporary_string, MyValue)
+            }));
+
+            Ok(())
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn check_consistency() {
+        let string = format!("{}", &MyDisplay as &dyn UriDisplay<Query>);
+        assert_eq!(string, "world");
+    }
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/src/uri/from_uri_param.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/src/uri/from_uri_param.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4715657c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/src/uri/from_uri_param.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,359 @@
+use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
+
+use RawStr;
+use uri::{self, UriPart, UriDisplay};
+
+/// Conversion trait for parameters used in [`uri!`] invocations.
+///
+/// # Overview
+///
+/// In addition to implementing [`UriDisplay`], to use a custom type in a `uri!`
+/// expression, the `FromUriParam` trait must be implemented. The `UriDisplay`
+/// derive automatically generates _identity_ implementations of `FromUriParam`,
+/// so in the majority of cases, as with `UriDisplay`, this trait is never
+/// implemented manually.
+///
+/// In the rare case that `UriDisplay` is implemented manually, this trait, too,
+/// must be implemented explicitly. In the majority of cases, implementation can
+/// be automated. Rocket provides the [`impl_from_uri_param_identity`] macro to
+/// generate the _identity_ implementations automatically. For a type `T`, these
+/// are:
+///
+///   * `impl<P: UriPart> FromUriParam<P, T> for T`
+///   * `impl<'x, P: UriPart> FromUriParam<P, &'x T> for T`
+///   * `impl<'x, P: UriPart> FromUriParam<P, &'x mut T> for T`
+///
+/// See [`impl_from_uri_param_identity`] for usage details.
+///
+/// [`impl_from_uri_param_identity`]: ../macro.impl_from_uri_param_identity.html
+///
+/// # Code Generation
+///
+/// This trait is invoked once per expression passed into a [`uri!`] invocation.
+/// In particular, for a route URI parameter of type `T` and a user-supplied
+/// expression of type `S`, `<T as FromUriParam<S>>::from_uri_param` is
+/// invoked. The returned value is used in place of the user's value and
+/// rendered using its [`UriDisplay`] implementation.
+///
+/// This trait allows types that differ from the route URI parameter's types to
+/// be used in their place at no cost. For instance, the following
+/// implementation, provided by Rocket, allows an `&str` to be used in a `uri!`
+/// invocation for route URI parameters declared as `String`:
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// # extern crate rocket;
+/// # use rocket::http::uri::{FromUriParam, UriPart};
+/// # struct S;
+/// # type String = S;
+/// impl<'a, P: UriPart> FromUriParam<P, &'a str> for String {
+///     type Target = &'a str;
+/// #   fn from_uri_param(s: &'a str) -> Self::Target { "hi" }
+/// }
+/// ```
+///
+/// Because the [`FromUriParam::Target`] type is the same as the input type, the
+/// conversion is a no-op and free of cost, allowing an `&str` to be used in
+/// place of a `String` without penalty. A similar no-op conversion exists for
+/// [`&RawStr`](RawStr):
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// # extern crate rocket;
+/// # use rocket::http::uri::{FromUriParam, UriPart};
+/// # struct S;
+/// # type RawStr = S;
+/// impl<'a, 'b, P: UriPart> FromUriParam<P, &'a str> for &'b RawStr {
+///     type Target = &'a str;
+/// #   fn from_uri_param(s: &'a str) -> Self::Target { "hi" }
+/// }
+/// ```
+///
+/// # Provided Implementations
+///
+/// The following types have _identity_ implementations:
+///
+///    * `String`, `i8`, `i16`, `i32`, `i64`, `i128`, `isize`, `u8`, `u16`,
+///      `u32`, `u64`, `u128`, `usize`, `f32`, `f64`, `bool`, `IpAddr`,
+///      `Ipv4Addr`, `Ipv6Addr`, `&str`, `&RawStr`, `Cow<str>`
+///
+/// The following conversions are implemented, allowing a value of the type on
+/// the left to be used when a type on the right is expected by a route:
+///
+///   * `&str` to `String`
+///   * `&str` to `RawStr`
+///   * `String` to `&str`
+///   * `String` to `RawStr`
+///   * `T` to `Option<T>`
+///   * `T` to `Result<T, E>`
+///   * `T` to `Form<T>`
+///
+/// The following types have _identity_ implementations _only in [`Path`]_:
+///
+///   * `&Path`, `PathBuf`
+///
+/// The following conversions are implemented _only in [`Path`]_:
+///
+///   * `&str` to `&Path`
+///   * `&str` to `PathBuf`
+///   * `PathBuf` to `&Path`
+///
+/// See [Foreign Impls](#foreign-impls) for all provided implementations.
+///
+/// # Implementing
+///
+/// This trait should only be implemented when you'd like to allow a type
+/// different from the route's declared type to be used in its place in a `uri!`
+/// invocation. For instance, if the route has a type of `T` and you'd like to
+/// use a type of `S` in a `uri!` invocation, you'd implement `FromUriParam<P,
+/// T> for S` where `P` is `Path` for conversions valid in the path part of a
+/// URI, `Uri` for conversions valid in the query part of a URI, or `P: UriPart`
+/// when a conversion is valid in either case.
+///
+/// This is typically only warranted for owned-value types with corresponding
+/// reference types: `String` and `&str`, for instance. In this case, it's
+/// desirable to allow an `&str` to be used in place of a `String`.
+///
+/// When implementing `FromUriParam`, be aware that Rocket will use the
+/// [`UriDisplay`] implementation of [`FromUriParam::Target`], _not_ of the
+/// source type. Incorrect implementations can result in creating unsafe URIs.
+///
+/// # Example
+///
+/// The following example implements `FromUriParam<Query, (&str, &str)>` for a
+/// `User` type. The implementation allows an `(&str, &str)` type to be used in
+/// a `uri!` invocation where a `User` type is expected in the query part of the
+/// URI.
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// # #[macro_use] extern crate rocket;
+/// use std::fmt;
+///
+/// use rocket::http::RawStr;
+/// use rocket::http::uri::{Formatter, UriDisplay, FromUriParam, Query};
+///
+/// #[derive(FromForm)]
+/// struct User<'a> {
+///     name: &'a RawStr,
+///     nickname: String,
+/// }
+///
+/// impl<'a> UriDisplay<Query> for User<'a> {
+///     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<Query>) -> fmt::Result {
+///         f.write_named_value("name", &self.name)?;
+///         f.write_named_value("nickname", &self.nickname)
+///     }
+/// }
+///
+/// impl<'a, 'b> FromUriParam<Query, (&'a str, &'b str)> for User<'a> {
+///     type Target = User<'a>;
+///
+///     fn from_uri_param((name, nickname): (&'a str, &'b str)) -> User<'a> {
+///         User { name: name.into(), nickname: nickname.to_string() }
+///     }
+/// }
+/// ```
+///
+/// With these implementations, the following typechecks:
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// # #![feature(proc_macro_hygiene, decl_macro)]
+/// # #[macro_use] extern crate rocket;
+/// # use std::fmt;
+/// use rocket::http::RawStr;
+/// use rocket::request::Form;
+/// # use rocket::http::uri::{Formatter, UriDisplay, FromUriParam, Query};
+/// #
+/// # #[derive(FromForm)]
+/// # struct User<'a> { name: &'a RawStr, nickname: String, }
+/// #
+/// # impl<'a> UriDisplay<Query> for User<'a> {
+/// #     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<Query>) -> fmt::Result {
+/// #         f.write_named_value("name", &self.name)?;
+/// #         f.write_named_value("nickname", &self.nickname)
+/// #     }
+/// # }
+/// #
+/// # impl<'a, 'b> FromUriParam<Query, (&'a str, &'b str)> for User<'a> {
+/// #     type Target = User<'a>;
+/// #     fn from_uri_param((name, nickname): (&'a str, &'b str)) -> User<'a> {
+/// #         User { name: name.into(), nickname: nickname.to_string() }
+/// #     }
+/// # }
+///
+/// #[post("/<name>?<user..>")]
+/// fn some_route(name: &RawStr, user: Form<User>)  { /* .. */ }
+///
+/// let uri = uri!(some_route: name = "hey", user = ("Robert Mike", "Bob"));
+/// assert_eq!(uri.path(), "/hey");
+/// assert_eq!(uri.query(), Some("name=Robert%20Mike&nickname=Bob"));
+/// ```
+///
+/// [`uri!`]: ::rocket::uri
+/// [`UriDisplay`]: uri::UriDisplay
+/// [`FromUriParam::Target`]: uri::FromUriParam::Target
+/// [`Path`]: uri::Path
+pub trait FromUriParam<P: UriPart, T> {
+    /// The resulting type of this conversion.
+    type Target: UriDisplay<P>;
+
+    /// Converts a value of type `T` into a value of type `Self::Target`. The
+    /// resulting value of type `Self::Target` will be rendered into a URI using
+    /// its [`UriDisplay`](uri::UriDisplay) implementation.
+    fn from_uri_param(param: T) -> Self::Target;
+}
+
+use std::{borrow::Cow, net::{IpAddr, Ipv4Addr, Ipv6Addr}};
+
+#[doc(hidden)]
+#[macro_export(local_inner_macros)]
+macro_rules! impl_conversion_ref {
+    ($(($($l:tt)+) $A:ty => $B:ty),*) => ( impl_conversion_ref!(@_ $(($($l)+,) $A => $B),*); );
+    ($($A:ty => $B:ty),*) => ( impl_conversion_ref!(@_ $(() $A => $B),*); );
+
+    (@_ $(($($l:tt)*) $A:ty => $B:ty),*) => ($(
+        impl_conversion_ref!([P] ($($l)* P: $crate::uri::UriPart) $A => $B);
+    )*);
+
+    ($([$P:ty] ($($l:tt)*) $A:ty => $B:ty),*) => ($(
+        impl_conversion_ref!(@_ [$P] ($($l)*) $A => $B);
+        impl_conversion_ref!(@_ [$P] ('x, $($l)*) &'x $A => $B);
+        impl_conversion_ref!(@_ [$P] ('x, $($l)*) &'x mut $A => $B);
+    )*);
+
+    ($([$P:ty] $A:ty => $B:ty),*) => ( impl_conversion_ref!($([$P] () $A => $B),*););
+
+    (@_ [$P:ty] ($($l:tt)*) $A:ty => $B:ty) => (
+        impl<$($l)*> $crate::uri::FromUriParam<$P, $A> for $B {
+            type Target = $A;
+            #[inline(always)] fn from_uri_param(param: $A) -> $A { param }
+        }
+    );
+}
+
+/// Macro to automatically generate _identity_ [`FromUriParam`] trait
+/// implementations.
+///
+/// For a type `T`, the _identity_ implementations of `FromUriParam` are:
+///
+///   * `impl UriPart> FromUriParam<P, T> for T`
+///   * `impl<'x> FromUriParam<P, &'x T> for T`
+///   * `impl<'x> FromUriParam<P, &'x mut T> for T`
+///
+/// where `P` is one of:
+///
+///   * `P: UriPart` (the generic `P`)
+///   * [`Path`]
+///   * [`Query`]
+///
+/// This macro can be invoked in four ways:
+///
+///   1. `impl_from_uri_param_identity!(Type);`
+///
+///      Generates the three _identity_ implementations for the generic `P`.
+///
+///      * Example: `impl_from_uri_param_identity!(MyType);`
+///      * Generates: `impl<P: UriPart> FromUriParam<P, _> for MyType { ... }`
+///
+///   2. `impl_from_uri_param_identity!((generics*) Type);`
+///
+///      Generates the three _identity_ implementations for the generic `P`,
+///      adding the tokens `generics` to the `impl` generics of the generated
+///      implementation.
+///
+///      * Example: `impl_from_uri_param_identity!(('a) MyType<'a>);`
+///      * Generates: `impl<'a, P: UriPart> FromUriParam<P, _> for MyType<'a> { ... }`
+///
+///   3. `impl_from_uri_param_identity!([Part] Type);`
+///
+///      Generates the three _identity_ implementations for the `UriPart`
+///      `Part`, where `Part` is a path to [`Path`] or [`Query`].
+///
+///      * Example: `impl_from_uri_param_identity!([Path] MyType);`
+///      * Generates: `impl FromUriParam<Path, _> for MyType { ... }`
+///
+///   4. `impl_from_uri_param_identity!([Part] (generics*) Type);`
+///
+///      See 2 and 3.
+///
+///      * Example: `impl_from_uri_param_identity!([Path] ('a) MyType<'a>);`
+///      * Generates: `impl<'a> FromUriParam<Path, _> for MyType<'a> { ... }`
+///
+/// [`FromUriParam`]: uri::FromUriParam
+/// [`Path`]: uri::Path
+/// [`Query`]: uri::Query
+#[macro_export(local_inner_macros)]
+macro_rules! impl_from_uri_param_identity {
+    ($(($($l:tt)*) $T:ty),*) => ($( impl_conversion_ref!(($($l)*) $T => $T); )*);
+    ($([$P:ty] ($($l:tt)*) $T:ty),*) => ($( impl_conversion_ref!([$P] ($($l)*) $T => $T); )*);
+    ($([$P:ty] $T:ty),*) => ($( impl_conversion_ref!([$P] $T => $T); )*);
+    ($($T:ty),*) => ($( impl_conversion_ref!($T => $T); )*);
+}
+
+impl_from_uri_param_identity! {
+    String,
+    i8, i16, i32, i64, i128, isize,
+    u8, u16, u32, u64, u128, usize,
+    f32, f64, bool,
+    IpAddr, Ipv4Addr, Ipv6Addr
+}
+
+impl_from_uri_param_identity! {
+    ('a) &'a str,
+    ('a) &'a RawStr,
+    ('a) Cow<'a, str>
+}
+
+impl_conversion_ref! {
+    ('a) &'a str => String,
+    ('a, 'b) &'a str => &'b RawStr,
+
+    ('a) String => &'a str,
+    ('a) String => &'a RawStr
+}
+
+impl_from_uri_param_identity!([uri::Path] ('a) &'a Path);
+impl_from_uri_param_identity!([uri::Path] PathBuf);
+
+impl_conversion_ref! {
+    [uri::Path] ('a) &'a Path => PathBuf,
+    [uri::Path] ('a) PathBuf => &'a Path
+}
+
+/// A no cost conversion allowing an `&str` to be used in place of a `PathBuf`.
+impl<'a> FromUriParam<uri::Path, &'a str> for PathBuf {
+    type Target = &'a Path;
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn from_uri_param(param: &'a str) -> &'a Path {
+        Path::new(param)
+    }
+}
+
+/// A no cost conversion allowing an `&&str` to be used in place of a `PathBuf`.
+impl<'a, 'b> FromUriParam<uri::Path, &'a &'b str> for PathBuf {
+    type Target = &'b Path;
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn from_uri_param(param: &'a &'b str) -> &'b Path {
+        Path::new(*param)
+    }
+}
+
+/// A no cost conversion allowing any `T` to be used in place of an `Option<T>`.
+impl<P: UriPart, A, T: FromUriParam<P, A>> FromUriParam<P, A> for Option<T> {
+    type Target = T::Target;
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn from_uri_param(param: A) -> Self::Target {
+        T::from_uri_param(param)
+    }
+}
+
+/// A no cost conversion allowing `T` to be used in place of an `Result<T, E>`.
+impl<P: UriPart, A, E, T: FromUriParam<P, A>> FromUriParam<P, A> for Result<T, E> {
+    type Target = T::Target;
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn from_uri_param(param: A) -> Self::Target {
+        T::from_uri_param(param)
+    }
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/src/uri/mod.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/src/uri/mod.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..dcfb744d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/src/uri/mod.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+//! Types for URIs and traits for rendering URI components.
+
+mod uri;
+mod uri_display;
+mod formatter;
+mod from_uri_param;
+mod origin;
+mod authority;
+mod absolute;
+mod segments;
+
+pub(crate) mod encoding;
+
+pub use parse::uri::Error;
+
+pub use self::uri::*;
+pub use self::authority::*;
+pub use self::origin::*;
+pub use self::absolute::*;
+pub use self::uri_display::*;
+pub use self::formatter::*;
+pub use self::from_uri_param::*;
+pub use self::segments::*;
+
+mod private {
+    pub trait Sealed {}
+    impl Sealed for super::Path {}
+    impl Sealed for super::Query {}
+}
+
+/// Marker trait for types that mark a part of a URI.
+///
+/// This trait exists solely to categorize types that mark a part of the URI,
+/// currently [`Path`] and [`Query`]. Said another way, types that implement
+/// this trait are marker types that represent a part of a URI at the
+/// type-level.
+///
+/// This trait is _sealed_: it cannot be implemented outside of Rocket.
+///
+/// # Usage
+///
+/// You will find this trait in traits like [`UriDisplay`] or structs like
+/// [`Formatter`] as the bound on a generic parameter: `P: UriPart`. Because the
+/// trait is sealed, the generic type is guaranteed to be instantiated as one of
+/// [`Query`] or [`Path`], effectively creating two instances of the generic
+/// items: `UriDisplay<Query>` and `UriDisplay<Path>`, and `Formatter<Query>`
+/// and `Formatter<Path>`. Unlike having two distinct, non-generic traits, this
+/// approach enables succinct, type-checked generic implementations of these
+/// items.
+///
+/// [`Query`]: uri::Query
+/// [`Path`]: uri::Path
+/// [`UriDisplay`]: uri::UriDisplay
+/// [`Formatter`]: uri::Formatter
+pub trait UriPart: private::Sealed {
+    const DELIMITER: char;
+}
+
+/// Marker type indicating use of a type for the path [`UriPart`] of a URI.
+///
+/// In route URIs, this corresponds to all of the text before a `?`, if any, or
+/// all of the text in the URI otherwise:
+///
+/// ```text
+/// #[get("/home/<name>/<page>?<item>")]
+///        ^------------------ Path
+/// ```
+///
+/// [`UriPart`]: uri::UriPart
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+pub enum Path {  }
+
+/// Marker type indicating use of a type for the query [`UriPart`] of a URI.
+///
+/// In route URIs, this corresponds to all of the text after a `?`, if any.
+///
+/// ```text
+/// #[get("/home/<name>/<page>?<item>&<form..>")]
+///                            ^-------------- Query
+/// ```
+///
+/// [`UriPart`]: uri::UriPart
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+pub enum Query {  }
+
+impl UriPart for Path {
+    const DELIMITER: char = '/';
+}
+
+impl UriPart for Query {
+    const DELIMITER: char = '&';
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/src/uri/origin.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/src/uri/origin.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..771d65bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/src/uri/origin.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,619 @@
+use std::fmt::{self, Display};
+use std::borrow::Cow;
+
+use ext::IntoOwned;
+use parse::{Indexed, IndexedStr};
+use uri::{as_utf8_unchecked, Error, Segments};
+
+use state::Storage;
+
+/// A URI with an absolute path and optional query: `/path?query`.
+///
+/// Origin URIs are the primary type of URI encountered in Rocket applications.
+/// They are also the _simplest_ type of URIs, made up of only a path and an
+/// optional query.
+///
+/// # Structure
+///
+/// The following diagram illustrates the syntactic structure of an origin URI:
+///
+/// ```text
+/// /first_segment/second_segment/third?optional=query
+/// |---------------------------------| |------------|
+///                 path                    query
+/// ```
+///
+/// The URI must begin with a `/`, can be followed by any number of _segments_,
+/// and an optional `?` query separator and query string.
+///
+/// # Normalization
+///
+/// Rocket prefers, and will sometimes require, origin URIs to be _normalized_.
+/// A normalized origin URI is a valid origin URI that contains zero empty
+/// segments except when there are no segments.
+///
+/// As an example, the following URIs are all valid, normalized URIs:
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// # extern crate rocket;
+/// # use rocket::http::uri::Origin;
+/// # let valid_uris = [
+/// "/",
+/// "/a/b/c",
+/// "/a/b/c?q",
+/// "/some%20thing"
+/// # ];
+/// # for uri in &valid_uris {
+/// #   assert!(Origin::parse(uri).unwrap().is_normalized());
+/// # }
+/// ```
+///
+/// By contrast, the following are valid but _abnormal_ URIs:
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// # extern crate rocket;
+/// # use rocket::http::uri::Origin;
+/// # let invalid = [
+/// "//",               // one empty segment
+/// "/a/b/",            // trailing empty segment
+/// "/a/ab//c//d"       // two empty segments
+/// # ];
+/// # for uri in &invalid {
+/// #   assert!(!Origin::parse(uri).unwrap().is_normalized());
+/// # }
+/// ```
+///
+/// The [`Origin::to_normalized()`](uri::Origin::to_normalized()) method can be
+/// used to normalize any `Origin`:
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// # extern crate rocket;
+/// # use rocket::http::uri::Origin;
+/// # let invalid = [
+/// // abnormal versions
+/// "//", "/a/b/", "/a/ab//c//d"
+/// # ,
+///
+/// // normalized versions
+/// "/",  "/a/b",  "/a/ab/c/d"
+/// # ];
+/// # for i in 0..(invalid.len() / 2) {
+/// #     let abnormal = Origin::parse(invalid[i]).unwrap();
+/// #     let expected = Origin::parse(invalid[i + (invalid.len() / 2)]).unwrap();
+/// #     assert_eq!(abnormal.to_normalized(), expected);
+/// # }
+/// ```
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+pub struct Origin<'a> {
+    pub(crate) source: Option<Cow<'a, str>>,
+    pub(crate) path: IndexedStr<'a>,
+    pub(crate) query: Option<IndexedStr<'a>>,
+    pub(crate) segment_count: Storage<usize>,
+}
+
+impl<'a, 'b> PartialEq<Origin<'b>> for Origin<'a> {
+    fn eq(&self, other: &Origin<'b>) -> bool {
+        self.path() == other.path() && self.query() == other.query()
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> IntoOwned for Origin<'a> {
+    type Owned = Origin<'static>;
+
+    fn into_owned(self) -> Origin<'static> {
+        Origin {
+            source: self.source.into_owned(),
+            path: self.path.into_owned(),
+            query: self.query.into_owned(),
+            segment_count: self.segment_count
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> Origin<'a> {
+    #[inline]
+    pub(crate) unsafe fn raw(
+        source: Cow<'a, [u8]>,
+        path: Indexed<'a, [u8]>,
+        query: Option<Indexed<'a, [u8]>>
+    ) -> Origin<'a> {
+        Origin {
+            source: Some(as_utf8_unchecked(source)),
+            path: path.coerce(),
+            query: query.map(|q| q.coerce()),
+            segment_count: Storage::new()
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Used mostly for testing and to construct known good URIs from other parts
+    // of Rocket. This should _really_ not be used outside of Rocket because the
+    // resulting `Origin's` are not guaranteed to be valid origin URIs!
+    #[doc(hidden)]
+    pub fn new<P, Q>(path: P, query: Option<Q>) -> Origin<'a>
+        where P: Into<Cow<'a, str>>, Q: Into<Cow<'a, str>>
+    {
+        Origin {
+            source: None,
+            path: Indexed::from(path),
+            query: query.map(Indexed::from),
+            segment_count: Storage::new()
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Used to fabricate URIs in several places. Equivalent to `Origin::new("/",
+    // None)` or `Origin::parse("/").unwrap()`. Should not be used outside of
+    // Rocket, though doing so would be less harmful.
+    #[doc(hidden)]
+    pub fn dummy() -> Origin<'static> {
+        Origin::new::<&'static str, &'static str>("/", None)
+    }
+
+    /// Parses the string `string` into an `Origin`. Parsing will never
+    /// allocate. Returns an `Error` if `string` is not a valid origin URI.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate rocket;
+    /// use rocket::http::uri::Origin;
+    ///
+    /// // Parse a valid origin URI.
+    /// let uri = Origin::parse("/a/b/c?query").expect("valid URI");
+    /// assert_eq!(uri.path(), "/a/b/c");
+    /// assert_eq!(uri.query(), Some("query"));
+    ///
+    /// // Invalid URIs fail to parse.
+    /// Origin::parse("foo bar").expect_err("invalid URI");
+    /// ```
+    pub fn parse(string: &'a str) -> Result<Origin<'a>, Error<'a>> {
+        ::parse::uri::origin_from_str(string)
+    }
+
+    // Parses an `Origin` that may contain `<` or `>` characters which are
+    // invalid according to the RFC but used by Rocket's routing URIs Don't use
+    // this outside of Rocket!
+    #[doc(hidden)]
+    pub fn parse_route(string: &'a str) -> Result<Origin<'a>, Error<'a>> {
+        ::parse::uri::route_origin_from_str(string)
+    }
+
+    /// Parses the string `string` into an `Origin`. Parsing will never allocate
+    /// on success. May allocate on error.
+    ///
+    /// This method should be used instead of [`Origin::parse()`](Self::parse())
+    /// when the source URI is already a `String`. Returns an `Error` if
+    /// `string` is not a valid origin URI.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate rocket;
+    /// use rocket::http::uri::Origin;
+    ///
+    /// let source = format!("/foo/{}/three", 2);
+    /// let uri = Origin::parse_owned(source).expect("valid URI");
+    /// assert_eq!(uri.path(), "/foo/2/three");
+    /// assert_eq!(uri.query(), None);
+    /// ```
+    pub fn parse_owned(string: String) -> Result<Origin<'static>, Error<'static>> {
+        let origin = Origin::parse(&string).map_err(|e| e.into_owned())?;
+        debug_assert!(origin.source.is_some(), "Origin source parsed w/o source");
+
+        Ok(Origin {
+            path: origin.path.into_owned(),
+            query: origin.query.into_owned(),
+            segment_count: origin.segment_count,
+            source: Some(Cow::Owned(string))
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Returns `true` if `self` is normalized. Otherwise, returns `false`.
+    ///
+    /// See [Normalization](#normalization) for more information on what it
+    /// means for an origin URI to be normalized.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate rocket;
+    /// use rocket::http::uri::Origin;
+    ///
+    /// let normal = Origin::parse("/").unwrap();
+    /// assert!(normal.is_normalized());
+    ///
+    /// let normal = Origin::parse("/a/b/c").unwrap();
+    /// assert!(normal.is_normalized());
+    ///
+    /// let abnormal = Origin::parse("/a/b/c//d").unwrap();
+    /// assert!(!abnormal.is_normalized());
+    /// ```
+    pub fn is_normalized(&self) -> bool {
+        self.path().starts_with('/') &&
+            !self.path().contains("//") &&
+            !(self.path().len() > 1 && self.path().ends_with('/'))
+    }
+
+    /// Normalizes `self`.
+    ///
+    /// See [Normalization](#normalization) for more information on what it
+    /// means for an origin URI to be normalized.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate rocket;
+    /// use rocket::http::uri::Origin;
+    ///
+    /// let abnormal = Origin::parse("/a/b/c//d").unwrap();
+    /// assert!(!abnormal.is_normalized());
+    ///
+    /// let normalized = abnormal.to_normalized();
+    /// assert!(normalized.is_normalized());
+    /// assert_eq!(normalized, Origin::parse("/a/b/c/d").unwrap());
+    /// ```
+    pub fn to_normalized(&self) -> Origin {
+        if self.is_normalized() {
+            Origin::new(self.path(), self.query())
+        } else {
+            let mut new_path = String::with_capacity(self.path().len());
+            for segment in self.segments() {
+                use std::fmt::Write;
+                let _ = write!(new_path, "/{}", segment);
+            }
+
+            if new_path.is_empty() {
+                new_path.push('/');
+            }
+
+            Origin::new(new_path, self.query())
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the path part of this URI.
+    ///
+    /// ### Examples
+    ///
+    /// A URI with only a path:
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate rocket;
+    /// use rocket::http::uri::Origin;
+    ///
+    /// let uri = Origin::parse("/a/b/c").unwrap();
+    /// assert_eq!(uri.path(), "/a/b/c");
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// A URI with a query:
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate rocket;
+    /// use rocket::http::uri::Origin;
+    ///
+    /// let uri = Origin::parse("/a/b/c?name=bob").unwrap();
+    /// assert_eq!(uri.path(), "/a/b/c");
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn path(&self) -> &str {
+        self.path.from_cow_source(&self.source)
+    }
+
+    /// Applies the function `f` to the internal `path` and returns a new
+    /// `Origin` with the new path. If the path returned from `f` is invalid,
+    /// returns `None`. Otherwise, returns `Some`, even if the new path is
+    /// _abnormal_.
+    ///
+    /// ### Examples
+    ///
+    /// Affix a trailing slash if one isn't present.
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate rocket;
+    /// use rocket::http::uri::Origin;
+    ///
+    /// let old_uri = Origin::parse("/a/b/c").unwrap();
+    /// let expected_uri = Origin::parse("/a/b/c/").unwrap();
+    /// assert_eq!(old_uri.map_path(|p| p.to_owned() + "/"), Some(expected_uri));
+    ///
+    /// let old_uri = Origin::parse("/a/b/c/").unwrap();
+    /// let expected_uri = Origin::parse("/a/b/c//").unwrap();
+    /// assert_eq!(old_uri.map_path(|p| p.to_owned() + "/"), Some(expected_uri));
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn map_path<F: FnOnce(&str) -> String>(&self, f: F) -> Option<Self> {
+        let path = f(self.path());
+        if !path.starts_with('/') || !path.bytes().all(crate::parse::uri::is_pchar) {
+            return None;
+        }
+
+        Some(Origin {
+            source: self.source.clone(),
+            path: path.into(),
+            query: self.query.clone(),
+            segment_count: Storage::new(),
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the query part of this URI without the question mark, if there is
+    /// any.
+    ///
+    /// ### Examples
+    ///
+    /// A URI with a query part:
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate rocket;
+    /// use rocket::http::uri::Origin;
+    ///
+    /// let uri = Origin::parse("/a/b/c?alphabet=true").unwrap();
+    /// assert_eq!(uri.query(), Some("alphabet=true"));
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// A URI without the query part:
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate rocket;
+    /// use rocket::http::uri::Origin;
+    ///
+    /// let uri = Origin::parse("/a/b/c").unwrap();
+    /// assert_eq!(uri.query(), None);
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn query(&self) -> Option<&str> {
+        self.query.as_ref().map(|q| q.from_cow_source(&self.source))
+    }
+
+    /// Removes the query part of this URI, if there is any.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate rocket;
+    /// use rocket::http::uri::Origin;
+    ///
+    /// let mut uri = Origin::parse("/a/b/c?query=some").unwrap();
+    /// assert_eq!(uri.query(), Some("query=some"));
+    ///
+    /// uri.clear_query();
+    /// assert_eq!(uri.query(), None);
+    /// ```
+    pub fn clear_query(&mut self) {
+        self.query = None;
+    }
+
+    /// Returns an iterator over the segments of the path in this URI. Skips
+    /// empty segments.
+    ///
+    /// ### Examples
+    ///
+    /// A valid URI with only non-empty segments:
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate rocket;
+    /// use rocket::http::uri::Origin;
+    ///
+    /// let uri = Origin::parse("/a/b/c?a=true").unwrap();
+    /// for (i, segment) in uri.segments().enumerate() {
+    ///     match i {
+    ///         0 => assert_eq!(segment, "a"),
+    ///         1 => assert_eq!(segment, "b"),
+    ///         2 => assert_eq!(segment, "c"),
+    ///         _ => unreachable!("only three segments")
+    ///     }
+    /// }
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// A URI with empty segments:
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate rocket;
+    /// use rocket::http::uri::Origin;
+    ///
+    /// let uri = Origin::parse("///a//b///c////d?query&param").unwrap();
+    /// for (i, segment) in uri.segments().enumerate() {
+    ///     match i {
+    ///         0 => assert_eq!(segment, "a"),
+    ///         1 => assert_eq!(segment, "b"),
+    ///         2 => assert_eq!(segment, "c"),
+    ///         3 => assert_eq!(segment, "d"),
+    ///         _ => unreachable!("only four segments")
+    ///     }
+    /// }
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn segments(&self) -> Segments {
+        Segments(self.path())
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the number of segments in the URI. Empty segments, which are
+    /// invalid according to RFC#3986, are not counted.
+    ///
+    /// The segment count is cached after the first invocation. As a result,
+    /// this function is O(1) after the first invocation, and O(n) before.
+    ///
+    /// ### Examples
+    ///
+    /// A valid URI with only non-empty segments:
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate rocket;
+    /// use rocket::http::uri::Origin;
+    ///
+    /// let uri = Origin::parse("/a/b/c").unwrap();
+    /// assert_eq!(uri.segment_count(), 3);
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// A URI with empty segments:
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate rocket;
+    /// use rocket::http::uri::Origin;
+    ///
+    /// let uri = Origin::parse("/a/b//c/d///e").unwrap();
+    /// assert_eq!(uri.segment_count(), 5);
+    /// ```
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn segment_count(&self) -> usize {
+        *self.segment_count.get_or_set(|| self.segments().count())
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> Display for Origin<'a> {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+        write!(f, "{}", self.path())?;
+        if let Some(q) = self.query() {
+            write!(f, "?{}", q)?;
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::Origin;
+
+    fn seg_count(path: &str, expected: usize) -> bool {
+        let actual = Origin::parse(path).unwrap().segment_count();
+        if actual != expected {
+            eprintln!("Count mismatch: expected {}, got {}.", expected, actual);
+            eprintln!("{}", if actual != expected { "lifetime" } else { "buf" });
+            eprintln!("Segments (for {}):", path);
+            for (i, segment) in Origin::parse(path).unwrap().segments().enumerate() {
+                eprintln!("{}: {}", i, segment);
+            }
+        }
+
+        actual == expected
+    }
+
+    fn eq_segments(path: &str, expected: &[&str]) -> bool {
+        let uri = match Origin::parse(path) {
+            Ok(uri) => uri,
+            Err(e) => panic!("failed to parse {}: {}", path, e)
+        };
+
+        let actual: Vec<&str> = uri.segments().collect();
+        actual == expected
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn send_and_sync() {
+        fn assert<T: Send + Sync>() {}
+        assert::<Origin>();
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn simple_segment_count() {
+        assert!(seg_count("/", 0));
+        assert!(seg_count("/a", 1));
+        assert!(seg_count("/a/", 1));
+        assert!(seg_count("/a/", 1));
+        assert!(seg_count("/a/b", 2));
+        assert!(seg_count("/a/b/", 2));
+        assert!(seg_count("/a/b/", 2));
+        assert!(seg_count("/ab/", 1));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn segment_count() {
+        assert!(seg_count("////", 0));
+        assert!(seg_count("//a//", 1));
+        assert!(seg_count("//abc//", 1));
+        assert!(seg_count("//abc/def/", 2));
+        assert!(seg_count("//////abc///def//////////", 2));
+        assert!(seg_count("/a/b/c/d/e/f/g", 7));
+        assert!(seg_count("/a/b/c/d/e/f/g", 7));
+        assert!(seg_count("/a/b/c/d/e/f/g/", 7));
+        assert!(seg_count("/a/b/cdjflk/d/e/f/g", 7));
+        assert!(seg_count("//aaflja/b/cdjflk/d/e/f/g", 7));
+        assert!(seg_count("/a/b", 2));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn single_segments_match() {
+        assert!(eq_segments("/", &[]));
+        assert!(eq_segments("/a", &["a"]));
+        assert!(eq_segments("/a/", &["a"]));
+        assert!(eq_segments("///a/", &["a"]));
+        assert!(eq_segments("///a///////", &["a"]));
+        assert!(eq_segments("/a///////", &["a"]));
+        assert!(eq_segments("//a", &["a"]));
+        assert!(eq_segments("/abc", &["abc"]));
+        assert!(eq_segments("/abc/", &["abc"]));
+        assert!(eq_segments("///abc/", &["abc"]));
+        assert!(eq_segments("///abc///////", &["abc"]));
+        assert!(eq_segments("/abc///////", &["abc"]));
+        assert!(eq_segments("//abc", &["abc"]));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn multi_segments_match() {
+        assert!(eq_segments("/a/b/c", &["a", "b", "c"]));
+        assert!(eq_segments("/a/b", &["a", "b"]));
+        assert!(eq_segments("/a///b", &["a", "b"]));
+        assert!(eq_segments("/a/b/c/d", &["a", "b", "c", "d"]));
+        assert!(eq_segments("///a///////d////c", &["a", "d", "c"]));
+        assert!(eq_segments("/abc/abc", &["abc", "abc"]));
+        assert!(eq_segments("/abc/abc/", &["abc", "abc"]));
+        assert!(eq_segments("///abc///////a", &["abc", "a"]));
+        assert!(eq_segments("/////abc/b", &["abc", "b"]));
+        assert!(eq_segments("//abc//c////////d", &["abc", "c", "d"]));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn multi_segments_match_funky_chars() {
+        assert!(eq_segments("/a/b/c!!!", &["a", "b", "c!!!"]));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn segment_mismatch() {
+        assert!(!eq_segments("/", &["a"]));
+        assert!(!eq_segments("/a", &[]));
+        assert!(!eq_segments("/a/a", &["a"]));
+        assert!(!eq_segments("/a/b", &["b", "a"]));
+        assert!(!eq_segments("/a/a/b", &["a", "b"]));
+        assert!(!eq_segments("///a/", &[]));
+    }
+
+    fn test_query(uri: &str, query: Option<&str>) {
+        let uri = Origin::parse(uri).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(uri.query(), query);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn query_does_not_exist() {
+        test_query("/test", None);
+        test_query("/a/b/c/d/e", None);
+        test_query("/////", None);
+        test_query("//a///", None);
+        test_query("/a/b/c", None);
+        test_query("/", None);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn query_exists() {
+        test_query("/test?abc", Some("abc"));
+        test_query("/a/b/c?abc", Some("abc"));
+        test_query("/a/b/c/d/e/f/g/?abc", Some("abc"));
+        test_query("/?123", Some("123"));
+        test_query("/?", Some(""));
+        test_query("/?", Some(""));
+        test_query("/?hi", Some("hi"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn normalized() {
+        let uri_to_string = |s| Origin::parse(s)
+            .unwrap()
+            .to_normalized()
+            .to_string();
+
+        assert_eq!(uri_to_string("/"), "/".to_string());
+        assert_eq!(uri_to_string("//"), "/".to_string());
+        assert_eq!(uri_to_string("//////a/"), "/a".to_string());
+        assert_eq!(uri_to_string("//ab"), "/ab".to_string());
+        assert_eq!(uri_to_string("//a"), "/a".to_string());
+        assert_eq!(uri_to_string("/a/b///c"), "/a/b/c".to_string());
+        assert_eq!(uri_to_string("/a///b/c/d///"), "/a/b/c/d".to_string());
+    }
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/src/uri/segments.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/src/uri/segments.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..05919392
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/src/uri/segments.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+use std::path::PathBuf;
+use std::str::Utf8Error;
+
+use uri::Uri;
+
+/// Iterator over the segments of an absolute URI path. Skips empty segments.
+///
+/// ### Examples
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// # extern crate rocket;
+/// use rocket::http::uri::Origin;
+///
+/// let uri = Origin::parse("/a/////b/c////////d").unwrap();
+/// let segments = uri.segments();
+/// for (i, segment) in segments.enumerate() {
+///     match i {
+///         0 => assert_eq!(segment, "a"),
+///         1 => assert_eq!(segment, "b"),
+///         2 => assert_eq!(segment, "c"),
+///         3 => assert_eq!(segment, "d"),
+///         _ => panic!("only four segments")
+///     }
+/// }
+/// ```
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+pub struct Segments<'a>(pub &'a str);
+
+/// Errors which can occur when attempting to interpret a segment string as a
+/// valid path segment.
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone)]
+pub enum SegmentError {
+    /// The segment contained invalid UTF8 characters when percent decoded.
+    Utf8(Utf8Error),
+    /// The segment started with the wrapped invalid character.
+    BadStart(char),
+    /// The segment contained the wrapped invalid character.
+    BadChar(char),
+    /// The segment ended with the wrapped invalid character.
+    BadEnd(char),
+}
+
+impl<'a> Segments<'a> {
+    /// Creates a `PathBuf` from a `Segments` iterator. The returned `PathBuf`
+    /// is percent-decoded. If a segment is equal to "..", the previous segment
+    /// (if any) is skipped.
+    ///
+    /// For security purposes, if a segment meets any of the following
+    /// conditions, an `Err` is returned indicating the condition met:
+    ///
+    ///   * Decoded segment starts with any of: '*'
+    ///   * Decoded segment ends with any of: `:`, `>`, `<`
+    ///   * Decoded segment contains any of: `/`
+    ///   * On Windows, decoded segment contains any of: `\`
+    ///   * Percent-encoding results in invalid UTF8.
+    ///
+    /// Additionally, if `allow_dotfiles` is `false`, an `Err` is returned if
+    /// the following condition is met:
+    ///
+    ///   * Decoded segment starts with any of: `.` (except `..`)
+    ///
+    /// As a result of these conditions, a `PathBuf` derived via `FromSegments`
+    /// is safe to interpolate within, or use as a suffix of, a path without
+    /// additional checks.
+    pub fn into_path_buf(self, allow_dotfiles: bool) -> Result<PathBuf, SegmentError> {
+        let mut buf = PathBuf::new();
+        for segment in self {
+            let decoded = Uri::percent_decode(segment.as_bytes())
+                .map_err(SegmentError::Utf8)?;
+
+            if decoded == ".." {
+                buf.pop();
+            } else if !allow_dotfiles && decoded.starts_with('.') {
+                return Err(SegmentError::BadStart('.'))
+            } else if decoded.starts_with('*') {
+                return Err(SegmentError::BadStart('*'))
+            } else if decoded.ends_with(':') {
+                return Err(SegmentError::BadEnd(':'))
+            } else if decoded.ends_with('>') {
+                return Err(SegmentError::BadEnd('>'))
+            } else if decoded.ends_with('<') {
+                return Err(SegmentError::BadEnd('<'))
+            } else if decoded.contains('/') {
+                return Err(SegmentError::BadChar('/'))
+            } else if cfg!(windows) && decoded.contains('\\') {
+                return Err(SegmentError::BadChar('\\'))
+            } else {
+                buf.push(&*decoded)
+            }
+        }
+
+        Ok(buf)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> Iterator for Segments<'a> {
+    type Item = &'a str;
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
+        // Find the start of the next segment (first that's not '/').
+        let i = self.0.find(|c| c != '/')?;
+
+        // Get the index of the first character that _is_ a '/' after start.
+        // j = index of first character after i (hence the i +) that's not a '/'
+        let j = self.0[i..].find('/').map_or(self.0.len(), |j| i + j);
+
+        // Save the result, update the iterator, and return!
+        let result = Some(&self.0[i..j]);
+        self.0 = &self.0[j..];
+        result
+    }
+
+    // TODO: Potentially take a second parameter with Option<cached count> and
+    // return it here if it's Some. The downside is that a decision has to be
+    // made about -when- to compute and cache that count. A place to do it is in
+    // the segments() method. But this means that the count will always be
+    // computed regardless of whether it's needed. Maybe this is ok. We'll see.
+    // fn count(self) -> usize where Self: Sized {
+    //     self.1.unwrap_or_else(self.fold(0, |cnt, _| cnt + 1))
+    // }
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/src/uri/uri.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/src/uri/uri.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..188e04bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/src/uri/uri.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,279 @@
+use std::fmt::{self, Display};
+use std::convert::From;
+use std::borrow::Cow;
+use std::str::Utf8Error;
+use std::convert::TryFrom;
+
+use ext::IntoOwned;
+use parse::Indexed;
+use uri::{Origin, Authority, Absolute, Error};
+use uri::encoding::{percent_encode, DEFAULT_ENCODE_SET};
+
+/// An `enum` encapsulating any of the possible URI variants.
+///
+/// # Usage
+///
+/// In Rocket, this type will rarely be used directly. Instead, you will
+/// typically encounter URIs via the [`Origin`] type. This is because all
+/// incoming requests contain origin-type URIs.
+///
+/// Nevertheless, the `Uri` type is typically enountered as a conversion target.
+/// In particular, you will likely see generic bounds of the form: `T:
+/// TryInto<Uri>` (for instance, in [`Redirect`](::rocket::response::Redirect)
+/// methods). This means that you can provide any type `T` that implements
+/// `TryInto<Uri>`, or, equivalently, any type `U` for which `Uri` implements
+/// `TryFrom<U>` or `From<U>`. These include `&str` and `String`, [`Origin`],
+/// [`Authority`], and [`Absolute`].
+///
+/// ## Parsing
+///
+/// The `Uri` type implements a full, zero-allocation, zero-copy [RFC 7230]
+/// compliant parser. To parse an `&str` into a `Uri`, use the [`Uri::parse()`]
+/// method. Alternatively, you may also use the `TryFrom<&str>` and
+/// `TryFrom<String>` trait implementation. To inspect the parsed type, match on
+/// the resulting `enum` and use the methods of the internal structure.
+///
+/// [RFC 7230]: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7230
+///
+/// ## Percent Encoding/Decoding
+///
+/// This type also provides the following percent encoding/decoding helper
+/// methods: [`Uri::percent_encode()`], [`Uri::percent_decode()`], and
+/// [`Uri::percent_decode_lossy()`].
+///
+/// [`Origin`]: uri::Origin
+/// [`Authority`]: uri::Authority
+/// [`Absolute`]: uri::Absolute
+/// [`Uri::parse()`]: uri::Uri::parse()
+/// [`Uri::percent_encode()`]: uri::Uri::percent_encode()
+/// [`Uri::percent_decode()`]: uri::Uri::percent_decode()
+/// [`Uri::percent_decode_lossy()`]: uri::Uri::percent_decode_lossy()
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Clone)]
+pub enum Uri<'a> {
+    /// An origin URI.
+    Origin(Origin<'a>),
+    /// An authority URI.
+    Authority(Authority<'a>),
+    /// An absolute URI.
+    Absolute(Absolute<'a>),
+    /// An asterisk: exactly `*`.
+    Asterisk,
+}
+
+impl<'a> Uri<'a> {
+    #[inline]
+    pub(crate) unsafe fn raw_absolute(
+        source: Cow<'a, [u8]>,
+        scheme: Indexed<'a, [u8]>,
+        path: Indexed<'a, [u8]>,
+        query: Option<Indexed<'a, [u8]>>,
+    ) -> Uri<'a> {
+        let origin = Origin::raw(source.clone(), path, query);
+        Uri::Absolute(Absolute::raw(source.clone(), scheme, None, Some(origin)))
+    }
+
+    /// Parses the string `string` into a `Uri`. Parsing will never allocate.
+    /// Returns an `Error` if `string` is not a valid URI.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate rocket;
+    /// use rocket::http::uri::Uri;
+    ///
+    /// // Parse a valid origin URI (note: in practice, use `Origin::parse()`).
+    /// let uri = Uri::parse("/a/b/c?query").expect("valid URI");
+    /// let origin = uri.origin().expect("origin URI");
+    /// assert_eq!(origin.path(), "/a/b/c");
+    /// assert_eq!(origin.query(), Some("query"));
+    ///
+    /// // Invalid URIs fail to parse.
+    /// Uri::parse("foo bar").expect_err("invalid URI");
+    /// ```
+    pub fn parse(string: &'a str) -> Result<Uri<'a>, Error> {
+        ::parse::uri::from_str(string)
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the internal instance of `Origin` if `self` is a `Uri::Origin`.
+    /// Otherwise, returns `None`.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate rocket;
+    /// use rocket::http::uri::Uri;
+    ///
+    /// let uri = Uri::parse("/a/b/c?query").expect("valid URI");
+    /// assert!(uri.origin().is_some());
+    ///
+    /// let uri = Uri::parse("http://google.com").expect("valid URI");
+    /// assert!(uri.origin().is_none());
+    /// ```
+    pub fn origin(&self) -> Option<&Origin<'a>> {
+        match self {
+            Uri::Origin(ref inner) => Some(inner),
+            _ => None
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the internal instance of `Authority` if `self` is a
+    /// `Uri::Authority`. Otherwise, returns `None`.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate rocket;
+    /// use rocket::http::uri::Uri;
+    ///
+    /// let uri = Uri::parse("user:pass@domain.com").expect("valid URI");
+    /// assert!(uri.authority().is_some());
+    ///
+    /// let uri = Uri::parse("http://google.com").expect("valid URI");
+    /// assert!(uri.authority().is_none());
+    /// ```
+    pub fn authority(&self) -> Option<&Authority<'a>> {
+        match self {
+            Uri::Authority(ref inner) => Some(inner),
+            _ => None
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the internal instance of `Absolute` if `self` is a
+    /// `Uri::Absolute`. Otherwise, returns `None`.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate rocket;
+    /// use rocket::http::uri::Uri;
+    ///
+    /// let uri = Uri::parse("http://google.com").expect("valid URI");
+    /// assert!(uri.absolute().is_some());
+    ///
+    /// let uri = Uri::parse("/path").expect("valid URI");
+    /// assert!(uri.absolute().is_none());
+    /// ```
+    pub fn absolute(&self) -> Option<&Absolute<'a>> {
+        match self {
+            Uri::Absolute(ref inner) => Some(inner),
+            _ => None
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns a URL-encoded version of the string. Any reserved characters are
+    /// percent-encoded.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate rocket;
+    /// use rocket::http::uri::Uri;
+    ///
+    /// let encoded = Uri::percent_encode("hello?a=<b>hi</b>");
+    /// assert_eq!(encoded, "hello%3Fa%3D%3Cb%3Ehi%3C%2Fb%3E");
+    /// ```
+    pub fn percent_encode(string: &str) -> Cow<str> {
+        percent_encode::<DEFAULT_ENCODE_SET>(string)
+    }
+
+    /// Returns a URL-decoded version of the string. If the percent encoded
+    /// values are not valid UTF-8, an `Err` is returned.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate rocket;
+    /// use rocket::http::uri::Uri;
+    ///
+    /// let decoded = Uri::percent_decode("/Hello%2C%20world%21".as_bytes());
+    /// assert_eq!(decoded.unwrap(), "/Hello, world!");
+    /// ```
+    pub fn percent_decode(string: &[u8]) -> Result<Cow<str>, Utf8Error> {
+        let decoder = ::percent_encoding::percent_decode(string);
+        decoder.decode_utf8()
+    }
+
+    /// Returns a URL-decoded version of the path. Any invalid UTF-8
+    /// percent-encoded byte sequences will be replaced � U+FFFD, the
+    /// replacement character.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate rocket;
+    /// use rocket::http::uri::Uri;
+    ///
+    /// let decoded = Uri::percent_decode_lossy("/Hello%2C%20world%21".as_bytes());
+    /// assert_eq!(decoded, "/Hello, world!");
+    /// ```
+    pub fn percent_decode_lossy(string: &[u8]) -> Cow<str> {
+        let decoder = ::percent_encoding::percent_decode(string);
+        decoder.decode_utf8_lossy()
+    }
+}
+
+pub(crate) unsafe fn as_utf8_unchecked(input: Cow<[u8]>) -> Cow<str> {
+    match input {
+        Cow::Borrowed(bytes) => Cow::Borrowed(::std::str::from_utf8_unchecked(bytes)),
+        Cow::Owned(bytes) => Cow::Owned(String::from_utf8_unchecked(bytes))
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> TryFrom<&'a str> for Uri<'a> {
+    type Error = Error<'a>;
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn try_from(string: &'a str) -> Result<Uri<'a>, Self::Error> {
+        Uri::parse(string)
+    }
+}
+
+impl TryFrom<String> for Uri<'static> {
+    type Error = Error<'static>;
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn try_from(string: String) -> Result<Uri<'static>, Self::Error> {
+        // TODO: Potentially optimize this like `Origin::parse_owned`.
+        Uri::parse(&string)
+            .map(|u| u.into_owned())
+            .map_err(|e| e.into_owned())
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> IntoOwned for Uri<'a> {
+    type Owned = Uri<'static>;
+
+    fn into_owned(self) -> Uri<'static> {
+        match self {
+            Uri::Origin(origin) => Uri::Origin(origin.into_owned()),
+            Uri::Authority(authority) => Uri::Authority(authority.into_owned()),
+            Uri::Absolute(absolute) => Uri::Absolute(absolute.into_owned()),
+            Uri::Asterisk => Uri::Asterisk
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> Display for Uri<'a> {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+        match *self {
+            Uri::Origin(ref origin) => write!(f, "{}", origin),
+            Uri::Authority(ref authority) => write!(f, "{}", authority),
+            Uri::Absolute(ref absolute) => write!(f, "{}", absolute),
+            Uri::Asterisk => write!(f, "*")
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+macro_rules! impl_uri_from {
+    ($type:ident) => (
+        impl<'a> From<$type<'a>> for Uri<'a> {
+            fn from(other: $type<'a>) -> Uri<'a> {
+                Uri::$type(other)
+            }
+        }
+    )
+}
+
+impl_uri_from!(Origin);
+impl_uri_from!(Authority);
+impl_uri_from!(Absolute);
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/src/uri/uri_display.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/src/uri/uri_display.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b3330464
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/rocket_http/src/uri/uri_display.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,590 @@
+use std::{fmt, path};
+use std::borrow::Cow;
+
+use RawStr;
+use uri::{Uri, UriPart, Path, Query, Formatter};
+
+/// Trait implemented by types that can be displayed as part of a URI in
+/// [`uri!`].
+///
+/// Types implementing this trait can be displayed in a URI-safe manner. Unlike
+/// `Display`, the string written by a `UriDisplay` implementation must be
+/// URI-safe. In practice, this means that the string must either be
+/// percent-encoded or consist only of characters that are alphanumeric, "-",
+/// ".", "_", or "~" - the "unreserved" characters.
+///
+/// # Marker Generic: `Path`, `Query`
+///
+/// The [`UriPart`] parameter `P` in `UriDisplay<P>` must be either [`Path`] or
+/// [`Query`] (see the [`UriPart`] documentation for how this is enforced),
+/// resulting in either `UriDisplay<Path>` or `UriDisplay<Query>`.
+///
+/// As the names might imply, the `Path` version of the trait is used when
+/// displaying parameters in the path part of the URI while the `Query` version
+/// is used when displaying parameters in the query part of the URI. These
+/// distinct versions of the trait exist exactly to differentiate, at the
+/// type-level, where in the URI a value is to be written to, allowing for type
+/// safety in the face of differences between the two locations. For example,
+/// while it is valid to use a value of `None` in the query part, omitting the
+/// parameter entirely, doing so is _not_ valid in the path part. By
+/// differentiating in the type system, both of these conditions can be enforced
+/// appropriately through distinct implementations of `UriDisplay<Path>` and
+/// `UriDisplay<Query>`.
+///
+/// Occasionally, the implementation of `UriDisplay` is independent of where the
+/// parameter is to be displayed. When this is the case, the parameter may be
+/// kept generic. That is, implementations can take the form:
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// # extern crate rocket;
+/// # use std::fmt;
+/// # use rocket::http::uri::{UriPart, UriDisplay, Formatter};
+/// # struct SomeType;
+/// impl<P: UriPart> UriDisplay<P> for SomeType
+/// # { fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<P>) -> fmt::Result { Ok(()) } }
+/// ```
+///
+/// [`UriPart`]: uri::UriPart
+/// [`Path`]: uri::Path
+/// [`Query`]: uri::Query
+///
+/// # Code Generation
+///
+/// When the [`uri!`] macro is used to generate a URI for a route, the types for
+/// the route's _path_ URI parameters must implement `UriDisplay<Path>`, while
+/// types in the route's query parameters must implement `UriDisplay<Query>`.
+/// Any parameters ignored with `_` must be of a type that implements
+/// [`Ignorable`]. The `UriDisplay` implementation for these types is used when
+/// generating the URI.
+///
+/// To illustrate `UriDisplay`'s role in code generation for `uri!`, consider
+/// the following route:
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// # #![feature(proc_macro_hygiene, decl_macro)]
+/// # #[macro_use] extern crate rocket;
+/// #[get("/item/<id>?<track>")]
+/// fn get_item(id: i32, track: Option<String>) { /* .. */ }
+/// ```
+///
+/// A URI for this route can be generated as follows:
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// # #![feature(proc_macro_hygiene, decl_macro)]
+/// # #[macro_use] extern crate rocket;
+/// # type T = ();
+/// # #[get("/item/<id>?<track>")]
+/// # fn get_item(id: i32, track: Option<String>) { /* .. */ }
+/// #
+/// // With unnamed parameters.
+/// uri!(get_item: 100, "inbound");
+///
+/// // With named parameters.
+/// uri!(get_item: id = 100, track = "inbound");
+/// uri!(get_item: track = "inbound", id = 100);
+///
+/// // Ignoring `track`.
+/// uri!(get_item: 100, _);
+/// uri!(get_item: id = 100, track = _);
+/// uri!(get_item: track = _, id = 100);
+/// ```
+///
+/// After verifying parameters and their types, Rocket will generate code
+/// similar (in spirit) to the following:
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// # extern crate rocket;
+/// # use rocket::http::uri::{UriDisplay, Path, Query, Origin};
+/// #
+/// Origin::parse(&format!("/item/{}?track={}",
+///     &100 as &UriDisplay<Path>, &"inbound" as &UriDisplay<Query>));
+/// ```
+///
+/// For this expression to typecheck, `i32` must implement `UriDisplay<Path>`
+/// and `&str` must implement `UriDisplay<Query>`. What's more, when `track` is
+/// ignored, `Option<String>` is required to implement [`Ignorable`]. As can be
+/// seen, the implementations will be used to display the value in a URI-safe
+/// manner.
+///
+/// [`uri!`]: ../../../rocket/macro.uri.html
+///
+/// # Provided Implementations
+///
+/// Rocket implements `UriDisplay<P>` for all `P: UriPart` for several built-in
+/// types.
+///
+///   * **i8, i16, i32, i64, i128, isize, u8, u16, u32, u64, u128, usize, f32,
+///     f64, bool, IpAddr, Ipv4Addr, Ipv6Addr**
+///
+///     The implementation of `UriDisplay` for these types is identical to the
+///     `Display` implementation.
+///
+///   * **[`&RawStr`](RawStr), `String`, `&str`, `Cow<str>`**
+///
+///     The string is percent encoded.
+///
+///   * **`&T`, `&mut T`** _where_ **`T: UriDisplay`**
+///
+///     Uses the implementation of `UriDisplay` for `T`.
+///
+/// Rocket implements `UriDisplay<Path>` (but not `UriDisplay<Query>`) for
+/// several built-in types.
+///
+///   * `T` for **`Option<T>`** _where_ **`T: UriDisplay<Path>`**
+///
+///     Uses the implementation of `UriDisplay` for `T::Target`.
+///
+///     When a type of `Option<T>` appears in a route path, use a type of `T` as
+///     the parameter in `uri!`. Note that `Option<T>` itself _does not_
+///     implement `UriDisplay<Path>`.
+///
+///   * `T` for **`Result<T, E>`** _where_ **`T: UriDisplay<Path>`**
+///
+///     Uses the implementation of `UriDisplay` for `T::Target`.
+///
+///     When a type of `Result<T, E>` appears in a route path, use a type of `T`
+///     as the parameter in `uri!`. Note that `Result<T, E>` itself _does not_
+///     implement `UriDisplay<Path>`.
+///
+/// Rocket implements `UriDisplay<Query>` (but not `UriDisplay<Path>`) for
+/// several built-in types.
+///
+///   * **`Form<T>`, `LenientForm<T>`** _where_ **`T: FromUriParam + FromForm`**
+///
+///     Uses the implementation of `UriDisplay` for `T::Target`.
+///
+///     In general, when a type of `Form<T>` is to be displayed as part of a
+///     URI's query, it suffices to derive `UriDisplay` for `T`. Note that any
+///     type that can be converted into a `T` using [`FromUriParam`] can be used
+///     in place of a `Form<T>` in a `uri!` invocation.
+///
+///   * **`Option<T>`** _where_ **`T: UriDisplay<Query>`**
+///
+///     If the `Option` is `Some`, uses the implementation of `UriDisplay` for
+///     `T`. Otherwise, nothing is rendered.
+///
+///   * **`Result<T, E>`** _where_ **`T: UriDisplay<Query>`**
+///
+///     If the `Result` is `Ok`, uses the implementation of `UriDisplay` for
+///     `T`. Otherwise, nothing is rendered.
+///
+/// [`FromUriParam`]: uri::FromUriParam
+///
+/// # Deriving
+///
+/// Manually implementing `UriDisplay` should be done with care. For most use
+/// cases, deriving `UriDisplay` will suffice:
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// # #[macro_use] extern crate rocket;
+/// # use rocket::http::uri::{UriDisplay, Query, Path};
+/// // Derives `UriDisplay<Query>`
+/// #[derive(UriDisplayQuery)]
+/// struct User {
+///     name: String,
+///     age: usize,
+/// }
+///
+/// let user = User { name: "Michael Smith".into(), age: 31 };
+/// let uri_string = format!("{}", &user as &UriDisplay<Query>);
+/// assert_eq!(uri_string, "name=Michael%20Smith&age=31");
+///
+/// // Derives `UriDisplay<Path>`
+/// #[derive(UriDisplayPath)]
+/// struct Name(String);
+///
+/// let name = Name("Bob Smith".into());
+/// let uri_string = format!("{}", &name as &UriDisplay<Path>);
+/// assert_eq!(uri_string, "Bob%20Smith");
+/// ```
+///
+/// As long as every field in the structure (or enum) implements `UriDisplay`,
+/// the trait can be derived. The implementation calls
+/// [`Formatter::write_named_value()`] for every named field and
+/// [`Formatter::write_value()`] for every unnamed field. See the
+/// [`UriDisplay<Path>`] and [`UriDisplay<Query>`] derive documentation for full
+/// details.
+///
+/// [`Ignorable`]: uri::Ignorable
+/// [`UriDisplay<Path>`]: ../../derive.UriDisplayPath.html
+/// [`UriDisplay<Query>`]: ../../derive.UriDisplayQuery.html
+/// [`Formatter::write_named_value()`]: uri::Formatter::write_named_value()
+/// [`Formatter::write_value()`]: uri::Formatter::write_value()
+///
+/// # Implementing
+///
+/// Implementing `UriDisplay` is similar to implementing
+/// [`Display`](::std::fmt::Display) with the caveat that extra care must be
+/// taken to ensure that the written string is URI-safe. As mentioned before, in
+/// practice, this means that the string must either be percent-encoded or
+/// consist only of characters that are alphanumeric, "-", ".", "_", or "~".
+///
+/// When manually implementing `UriDisplay` for your types, you should defer to
+/// existing implementations of `UriDisplay` as much as possible. In the example
+/// below, for instance, `Name`'s implementation defers to `String`'s
+/// implementation. To percent-encode a string, use
+/// [`Uri::percent_encode()`](uri::Uri::percent_encode()).
+///
+/// ## Example
+///
+/// The following snippet consists of a `Name` type that implements both
+/// `FromParam` and `UriDisplay<Path>`. The `FromParam` implementation allows
+/// `Name` to be used as the target type of a dynamic parameter, while the
+/// `UriDisplay` implementation allows URIs to be generated for routes with
+/// `Name` as a dynamic path parameter type. Note the custom parsing in the
+/// `FromParam` implementation; as a result of this, a custom (reflexive)
+/// `UriDisplay` implementation is required.
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// # #![feature(proc_macro_hygiene, decl_macro)]
+/// # #[macro_use] extern crate rocket;
+/// use rocket::http::RawStr;
+/// use rocket::request::FromParam;
+///
+/// struct Name(String);
+///
+/// const PREFIX: &str = "name:";
+///
+/// impl<'r> FromParam<'r> for Name {
+///     type Error = &'r RawStr;
+///
+///     /// Validates parameters that start with 'name:', extracting the text
+///     /// after 'name:' as long as there is at least one character.
+///     fn from_param(param: &'r RawStr) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+///         let decoded = param.percent_decode().map_err(|_| param)?;
+///         if !decoded.starts_with(PREFIX) || decoded.len() < (PREFIX.len() + 1) {
+///             return Err(param);
+///         }
+///
+///         let real_name = decoded[PREFIX.len()..].to_string();
+///         Ok(Name(real_name))
+///     }
+/// }
+///
+/// use std::fmt;
+/// use rocket::http::impl_from_uri_param_identity;
+/// use rocket::http::uri::{Formatter, FromUriParam, UriDisplay, Path};
+/// use rocket::response::Redirect;
+///
+/// impl UriDisplay<Path> for Name {
+///     // Delegates to the `UriDisplay` implementation for `String` via the
+///     // call to `write_value` to ensure that the written string is
+///     // URI-safe. In this case, the string will be percent encoded.
+///     // Prefixes the inner name with `name:`.
+///     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<Path>) -> fmt::Result {
+///         f.write_value(&format!("name:{}", self.0))
+///     }
+/// }
+///
+/// impl_from_uri_param_identity!([Path] Name);
+///
+/// #[get("/name/<name>")]
+/// fn redirector(name: Name) -> Redirect {
+///     Redirect::to(uri!(real: name))
+/// }
+///
+/// #[get("/<name>")]
+/// fn real(name: Name) -> String {
+///     format!("Hello, {}!", name.0)
+/// }
+///
+/// let uri = uri!(real: Name("Mike Smith".into()));
+/// assert_eq!(uri.path(), "/name:Mike%20Smith");
+/// ```
+pub trait UriDisplay<P: UriPart> {
+    /// Formats `self` in a URI-safe manner using the given formatter.
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<P>) -> fmt::Result;
+}
+
+impl<'a, P: UriPart> fmt::Display for &'a dyn UriDisplay<P> {
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+        UriDisplay::fmt(*self, &mut <Formatter<P>>::new(f))
+    }
+}
+
+// Direct implementations: these are the leaves of a call to `UriDisplay::fmt`.
+
+/// Percent-encodes the raw string.
+impl<P: UriPart> UriDisplay<P> for str {
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<P>) -> fmt::Result {
+        f.write_raw(&Uri::percent_encode(self))
+    }
+}
+
+/// Percent-encodes each segment in the path and normalizes separators.
+impl UriDisplay<Path> for path::Path {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<Path>) -> fmt::Result {
+        use std::path::Component;
+
+        for component in self.components() {
+            match component {
+                Component::Prefix(_) | Component::RootDir => continue,
+                _ => f.write_value(&component.as_os_str().to_string_lossy())?
+            }
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+macro_rules! impl_with_display {
+    ($($T:ty),+) => {$(
+        /// This implementation is identical to the `Display` implementation.
+        impl<P: UriPart> UriDisplay<P> for $T  {
+            #[inline(always)]
+            fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<P>) -> fmt::Result {
+                use std::fmt::Write;
+                write!(f, "{}", self)
+            }
+        }
+    )+}
+}
+
+use std::net::{IpAddr, Ipv4Addr, Ipv6Addr};
+
+impl_with_display! {
+    i8, i16, i32, i64, i128, isize,
+    u8, u16, u32, u64, u128, usize,
+    f32, f64, bool,
+    IpAddr, Ipv4Addr, Ipv6Addr
+}
+
+// These are second level implementations: they all defer to an existing
+// implementation.
+
+/// Percent-encodes the raw string. Defers to `str`.
+impl<P: UriPart> UriDisplay<P> for RawStr {
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<P>) -> fmt::Result {
+        self.as_str().fmt(f)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Percent-encodes the raw string. Defers to `str`.
+impl<P: UriPart> UriDisplay<P> for String {
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<P>) -> fmt::Result {
+        self.as_str().fmt(f)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Percent-encodes the raw string. Defers to `str`.
+impl<'a, P: UriPart> UriDisplay<P> for Cow<'a, str> {
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<P>) -> fmt::Result {
+        self.as_ref().fmt(f)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Percent-encodes each segment in the path and normalizes separators.
+impl UriDisplay<Path> for path::PathBuf {
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<Path>) -> fmt::Result {
+        self.as_path().fmt(f)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Defers to the `UriDisplay<P>` implementation for `T`.
+impl<'a, P: UriPart, T: UriDisplay<P> + ?Sized> UriDisplay<P> for &'a T {
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<P>) -> fmt::Result {
+        UriDisplay::fmt(*self, f)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Defers to the `UriDisplay<P>` implementation for `T`.
+impl<'a, P: UriPart, T: UriDisplay<P> + ?Sized> UriDisplay<P> for &'a mut T {
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<P>) -> fmt::Result {
+        UriDisplay::fmt(*self, f)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Defers to the `UriDisplay<Query>` implementation for `T`.
+impl<T: UriDisplay<Query>> UriDisplay<Query> for Option<T> {
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<Query>) -> fmt::Result {
+        match self {
+            Some(v) => v.fmt(f),
+            None => Ok(())
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Defers to the `UriDisplay<Query>` implementation for `T`.
+impl<T: UriDisplay<Query>, E> UriDisplay<Query> for Result<T, E> {
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<Query>) -> fmt::Result {
+        match self {
+            Ok(v) => v.fmt(f),
+            Err(_) => Ok(())
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// And finally, the `Ignorable` trait, which has sugar of `_` in the `uri!`
+// macro, which expands to a typecheck.
+
+/// Trait implemented by types that can be ignored in `uri!`.
+///
+/// When a parameter is explicitly ignored in `uri!` by supplying `_` as the
+/// parameter's value, that parameter's type is required to implement this
+/// trait for the corresponding `UriPart`.
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// # #![feature(proc_macro_hygiene, decl_macro)]
+/// # #[macro_use] extern crate rocket;
+/// #[get("/item/<id>?<track>")]
+/// fn get_item(id: i32, track: Option<u8>) { /* .. */ }
+///
+/// // Ignore the `track` parameter: `Option<u8>` must be `Ignorable`.
+/// uri!(get_item: 100, _);
+/// uri!(get_item: id = 100, track = _);
+///
+/// // Provide a value for `track`.
+/// uri!(get_item: 100, 4);
+/// uri!(get_item: id = 100, track = 4);
+/// ```
+///
+/// # Implementations
+///
+/// Only `Option<T>` and `Result<T, E>` implement this trait. You may implement
+/// this trait for your own ignorable types as well:
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// # #[macro_use] extern crate rocket;
+/// use rocket::http::uri::{Ignorable, Query};
+///
+/// # struct MyType;
+/// impl Ignorable<Query> for MyType { }
+/// ```
+pub trait Ignorable<P: UriPart> { }
+
+impl<T> Ignorable<Query> for Option<T> { }
+impl<T, E> Ignorable<Query> for Result<T, E> { }
+
+#[doc(hidden)]
+pub fn assert_ignorable<P: UriPart, T: Ignorable<P>>() {  }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod uri_display_tests {
+    use std::path;
+    use uri::{FromUriParam, UriDisplay, Query, Path};
+
+    macro_rules! uri_display {
+        (<$P:ident, $Target:ty> $source:expr) => ({
+            let tmp = $source;
+            let target = <$Target as FromUriParam<$P, _>>::from_uri_param(tmp);
+            format!("{}", &target as &dyn UriDisplay<$P>)
+        })
+    }
+
+    macro_rules! assert_display {
+        (<$P:ident, $Target:ty> $source:expr, $expected:expr) => ({
+            assert_eq!(uri_display!(<$P, $Target> $source), $expected);
+        })
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn uri_display_encoding() {
+        assert_display!(<Query, String> "hello", "hello");
+        assert_display!(<Query, String> "hi hi", "hi%20hi");
+        assert_display!(<Query, &str> "hi hi", "hi%20hi");
+        assert_display!(<Query, &str> &"hi hi", "hi%20hi");
+        assert_display!(<Query, usize> 10, "10");
+        assert_display!(<Query, u8> 10, "10");
+        assert_display!(<Query, i32> 10, "10");
+        assert_display!(<Query, isize> 10, "10");
+
+        assert_display!(<Path, String> "hello", "hello");
+        assert_display!(<Path, String> "hi hi", "hi%20hi");
+        assert_display!(<Path, &str> "hi hi", "hi%20hi");
+        assert_display!(<Path, &str> &"hi hi", "hi%20hi");
+        assert_display!(<Path, usize> 10, "10");
+        assert_display!(<Path, u8> 10, "10");
+        assert_display!(<Path, i32> 10, "10");
+        assert_display!(<Path, isize> 10, "10");
+
+        assert_display!(<Query, &str> &"hi there", "hi%20there");
+        assert_display!(<Query, isize> &10, "10");
+        assert_display!(<Query, u8> &10, "10");
+
+        assert_display!(<Path, &str> &"hi there", "hi%20there");
+        assert_display!(<Path, isize> &10, "10");
+        assert_display!(<Path, u8> &10, "10");
+
+        assert_display!(<Path, Option<&str>> &"hi there", "hi%20there");
+        assert_display!(<Path, Option<isize>> &10, "10");
+        assert_display!(<Path, Option<u8>> &10, "10");
+        assert_display!(<Query, Option<&str>> &"hi there", "hi%20there");
+        assert_display!(<Query, Option<isize>> &10, "10");
+        assert_display!(<Query, Option<u8>> &10, "10");
+
+        assert_display!(<Path, Result<&str, usize>> &"hi there", "hi%20there");
+        assert_display!(<Path, Result<isize, &str>> &10, "10");
+        assert_display!(<Path, Result<u8, String>> &10, "10");
+        assert_display!(<Query, Result<&str, usize>> &"hi there", "hi%20there");
+        assert_display!(<Query, Result<isize, &str>> &10, "10");
+        assert_display!(<Query, Result<u8, String>> &10, "10");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn paths() {
+        assert_display!(<Path, path::PathBuf> "hello", "hello");
+        assert_display!(<Path, path::PathBuf> "hi there", "hi%20there");
+        assert_display!(<Path, path::PathBuf> "hello/world", "hello/world");
+        assert_display!(<Path, path::PathBuf> "hello//world", "hello/world");
+        assert_display!(<Path, path::PathBuf> "hello/ world", "hello/%20world");
+
+        assert_display!(<Path, path::PathBuf> "hi/wo rld", "hi/wo%20rld");
+
+        assert_display!(<Path, path::PathBuf> &"hi/wo rld", "hi/wo%20rld");
+        assert_display!(<Path, path::PathBuf> &"hi there", "hi%20there");
+    }
+
+    struct Wrapper<T>(T);
+
+    impl<A, T: FromUriParam<Query, A>> FromUriParam<Query, A> for Wrapper<T> {
+        type Target = T::Target;
+
+        #[inline(always)]
+        fn from_uri_param(param: A) -> Self::Target {
+            T::from_uri_param(param)
+        }
+    }
+
+    impl FromUriParam<Path, usize> for Wrapper<usize> {
+        type Target = usize;
+
+        #[inline(always)]
+        fn from_uri_param(param: usize) -> Self::Target {
+            param
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn uri_display_encoding_wrapped() {
+        assert_display!(<Query, Option<Wrapper<&str>>> &"hi there", "hi%20there");
+        assert_display!(<Query, Option<Wrapper<&str>>> "hi there", "hi%20there");
+
+        assert_display!(<Query, Option<Wrapper<isize>>> 10, "10");
+        assert_display!(<Query, Option<Wrapper<usize>>> 18, "18");
+        assert_display!(<Path, Option<Wrapper<usize>>> 238, "238");
+
+        assert_display!(<Path, Result<Option<Wrapper<usize>>, usize>> 238, "238");
+        assert_display!(<Path, Option<Result<Wrapper<usize>, usize>>> 123, "123");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn check_ignorables() {
+        use uri::assert_ignorable;
+
+        assert_ignorable::<Query, Option<usize>>();
+        assert_ignorable::<Query, Option<Wrapper<usize>>>();
+        assert_ignorable::<Query, Result<Wrapper<usize>, usize>>();
+        assert_ignorable::<Query, Option<Result<Wrapper<usize>, usize>>>();
+        assert_ignorable::<Query, Result<Option<Wrapper<usize>>, usize>>();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/traitobject/.gitignore b/case-studies/plume/vendor/traitobject/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8ac5ebd2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/traitobject/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+.DS_Store
+*~
+*#
+*.o
+*.so
+*.swp
+*.dylib
+*.dSYM
+*.dll
+*.rlib
+*.dummy
+*.exe
+*-test
+/doc/
+/target/
+/examples/*
+!/examples/*.rs
+Cargo.lock
+
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/traitobject/.travis.yml b/case-studies/plume/vendor/traitobject/.travis.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..47adcf7e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/traitobject/.travis.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+language: rust
+sudo: false
+
+script:
+    - cargo build
+    - cargo test
+    - cargo bench --no-run
+    - cargo doc
+
+after_success:
+    - if [ "$TRAVIS_PULL_REQUEST" == false && test == "TRAVIS_BRANCH" == "master" ]; then
+    - curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/reem/rust-gh-docs/master/make-docs.sh > docs.sh
+    - chmod u+x docs.sh
+    - ./docs.sh reem project-name
+
+env:
+  global:
+    secure: QPYL1XUr4CyK/2DXlsYC1eCpWRpyEiqQSd/FFVR+YdP/rOJ7AyAXQqPhfgjDBQwvc6E2fUiyYjoV/xe1a757DDeZKlgd8Lp20fSDwvNt/Ejx8ueh3h3kuOtgDpIGSKX/l+XC+ltDpzjhh7bowI2/fOEf+kE53jvu9i4PiLnKdlY=
+
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/traitobject/Cargo.toml b/case-studies/plume/vendor/traitobject/Cargo.toml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..83bff93e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/traitobject/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+[package]
+
+name = "traitobject"
+version = "0.1.0"
+authors = ["Jonathan Reem <jonathan.reem@gmail.com>"]
+repository = "https://github.com/reem/rust-traitobject.git"
+description = "Unsafe helpers for working with raw trait objects."
+readme = "README.md"
+license = "MIT/Apache-2.0"
+
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/traitobject/README.md b/case-studies/plume/vendor/traitobject/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9e9235ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/traitobject/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+# traitobject
+
+> Unsafe helpers for dealing with raw trait objects.
+
+## Usage
+
+Use the crates.io repository; add this to your `Cargo.toml` along
+with the rest of your dependencies:
+
+```toml
+[dependencies]
+traitobject = "*"
+```
+
+## Author
+
+[Jonathan Reem](https://medium.com/@jreem) is the primary author and maintainer
+of traitobject.
+
+## License
+
+MIT/Apache-2.0
+
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/traitobject/src/impls.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/traitobject/src/impls.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5c0c99bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/traitobject/src/impls.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+use Trait;
+
+unsafe impl Trait for ::std::any::Any + Send { }
+unsafe impl Trait for ::std::any::Any + Sync { }
+unsafe impl Trait for ::std::any::Any + Send + Sync { }
+unsafe impl<T: ?Sized> Trait for ::std::borrow::Borrow<T> + Send { }
+unsafe impl<T: ?Sized> Trait for ::std::borrow::Borrow<T> + Sync { }
+unsafe impl<T: ?Sized> Trait for ::std::borrow::Borrow<T> + Send + Sync { }
+unsafe impl<T: ?Sized> Trait for ::std::borrow::BorrowMut<T> + Send { }
+unsafe impl<T: ?Sized> Trait for ::std::borrow::BorrowMut<T> + Sync { }
+unsafe impl<T: ?Sized> Trait for ::std::borrow::BorrowMut<T> + Send + Sync { }
+unsafe impl<T: ?Sized> Trait for ::std::convert::AsMut<T> + Send { }
+unsafe impl<T: ?Sized> Trait for ::std::convert::AsMut<T> + Sync { }
+unsafe impl<T: ?Sized> Trait for ::std::convert::AsMut<T> + Send + Sync { }
+unsafe impl<T: ?Sized> Trait for ::std::convert::AsRef<T> + Send { }
+unsafe impl<T: ?Sized> Trait for ::std::convert::AsRef<T> + Sync { }
+unsafe impl<T: ?Sized> Trait for ::std::convert::AsRef<T> + Send + Sync { }
+unsafe impl Trait for ::std::error::Error + Send { }
+unsafe impl Trait for ::std::error::Error + Sync { }
+unsafe impl Trait for ::std::error::Error + Send + Sync { }
+unsafe impl Trait for ::std::fmt::Binary + Send { }
+unsafe impl Trait for ::std::fmt::Binary + Sync { }
+unsafe impl Trait for ::std::fmt::Binary + Send + Sync { }
+unsafe impl Trait for ::std::fmt::Debug + Send { }
+unsafe impl Trait for ::std::fmt::Debug + Sync { }
+unsafe impl Trait for ::std::fmt::Debug + Send + Sync { }
+unsafe impl Trait for ::std::fmt::Display + Send { }
+unsafe impl Trait for ::std::fmt::Display + Sync { }
+unsafe impl Trait for ::std::fmt::Display + Send + Sync { }
+unsafe impl Trait for ::std::fmt::LowerExp + Send { }
+unsafe impl Trait for ::std::fmt::LowerExp + Sync { }
+unsafe impl Trait for ::std::fmt::LowerExp + Send + Sync { }
+unsafe impl Trait for ::std::fmt::LowerHex + Send { }
+unsafe impl Trait for ::std::fmt::LowerHex + Sync { }
+unsafe impl Trait for ::std::fmt::LowerHex + Send + Sync { }
+unsafe impl Trait for ::std::fmt::Octal + Send { }
+unsafe impl Trait for ::std::fmt::Octal + Sync { }
+unsafe impl Trait for ::std::fmt::Octal + Send + Sync { }
+unsafe impl Trait for ::std::fmt::Pointer + Send { }
+unsafe impl Trait for ::std::fmt::Pointer + Sync { }
+unsafe impl Trait for ::std::fmt::Pointer + Send + Sync { }
+unsafe impl Trait for ::std::fmt::UpperExp + Send { }
+unsafe impl Trait for ::std::fmt::UpperExp + Sync { }
+unsafe impl Trait for ::std::fmt::UpperExp + Send + Sync { }
+unsafe impl Trait for ::std::fmt::UpperHex + Send { }
+unsafe impl Trait for ::std::fmt::UpperHex + Sync { }
+unsafe impl Trait for ::std::fmt::UpperHex + Send + Sync { }
+unsafe impl Trait for ::std::fmt::Write + Send { }
+unsafe impl Trait for ::std::fmt::Write + Sync { }
+unsafe impl Trait for ::std::fmt::Write + Send + Sync { }
+unsafe impl Trait for ::std::hash::Hasher + Send { }
+unsafe impl Trait for ::std::hash::Hasher + Sync { }
+unsafe impl Trait for ::std::hash::Hasher + Send + Sync { }
+unsafe impl Trait for ::std::io::BufRead + Send { }
+unsafe impl Trait for ::std::io::BufRead + Sync { }
+unsafe impl Trait for ::std::io::BufRead + Send + Sync { }
+unsafe impl Trait for ::std::io::Read + Send { }
+unsafe impl Trait for ::std::io::Read + Sync { }
+unsafe impl Trait for ::std::io::Read + Send + Sync { }
+unsafe impl Trait for ::std::io::Seek + Send { }
+unsafe impl Trait for ::std::io::Seek + Sync { }
+unsafe impl Trait for ::std::io::Seek + Send + Sync { }
+unsafe impl Trait for ::std::io::Write + Send { }
+unsafe impl Trait for ::std::io::Write + Sync { }
+unsafe impl Trait for ::std::io::Write + Send + Sync { }
+unsafe impl<T, I> Trait for ::std::iter::IntoIterator<IntoIter=I, Item=T> { }
+unsafe impl<T> Trait for ::std::iter::Iterator<Item=T> + Send { }
+unsafe impl<T> Trait for ::std::iter::Iterator<Item=T> + Sync { }
+unsafe impl<T> Trait for ::std::iter::Iterator<Item=T> + Send + Sync { }
+unsafe impl Trait for ::std::marker::Send + Send { }
+unsafe impl Trait for ::std::marker::Send + Sync { }
+unsafe impl Trait for ::std::marker::Sync + Sync { }
+unsafe impl Trait for ::std::ops::Drop + Send { }
+unsafe impl Trait for ::std::ops::Drop + Sync { }
+unsafe impl Trait for ::std::ops::Drop + Send + Sync { }
+unsafe impl Trait for ::std::string::ToString + Send { }
+unsafe impl Trait for ::std::string::ToString + Sync { }
+unsafe impl Trait for ::std::string::ToString + Send + Sync { }
+
diff --git a/case-studies/plume/vendor/traitobject/src/lib.rs b/case-studies/plume/vendor/traitobject/src/lib.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5a7dac80
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case-studies/plume/vendor/traitobject/src/lib.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+#![cfg_attr(test, deny(warnings))]
+#![deny(missing_docs)]
+
+//! # traitobject
+//!
+//! Unsafe helpers for working with raw TraitObjects.
+
+use std::mem;
+
+/// Get the data pointer from this trait object.
+///
+/// Highly unsafe, as there is no information about the type of the data.
+pub unsafe fn data<T: ?Sized>(val: *const T) -> *const () {
+    *mem::transmute::<*const *const T, *const *const ()>(&val)
+}
+
+/// Get the data pointer from this trait object, mutably.
+///
+/// Highly unsafe, as there is no information about the type of the data.
+pub unsafe fn data_mut<T: ?Sized>(mut val: *mut T) -> *mut () {
+    *mem::transmute::<*mut *mut T, *mut *mut ()>(&mut val)
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_simple() {
+    let x = &7 as &Send;
+    unsafe { assert!(&7 == mem::transmute::<_, &i32>(data(x))) };
+}
+
+/// A trait implemented for all trait objects.
+///
+/// Implementations for all traits in std are provided.
+pub unsafe trait Trait {}
+
+mod impls;
+
diff --git a/case-studies/websubmit/Cargo.lock b/case-studies/websubmit/Cargo.lock
index 29f3830e..474a942f 100644
--- a/case-studies/websubmit/Cargo.lock
+++ b/case-studies/websubmit/Cargo.lock
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # This file is automatically @generated by Cargo.
 # It is not intended for manual editing.
-version = 3
+version = 4
 
 [[package]]
 name = "addr2line"
@@ -19,9 +19,9 @@ checksum = "f26201604c87b1e01bd3d98f8d5d9a8fcbb815e8cedb41ffccbeb4bf593a35fe"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "ahash"
-version = "0.7.6"
+version = "0.7.8"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "fcb51a0695d8f838b1ee009b3fbf66bda078cd64590202a864a8f3e8c4315c47"
+checksum = "891477e0c6a8957309ee5c45a6368af3ae14bb510732d2684ffa19af310920f9"
 dependencies = [
  "getrandom 0.2.3",
  "once_cell",
@@ -1896,9 +1896,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "once_cell"
-version = "1.8.0"
+version = "1.21.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "692fcb63b64b1758029e0a96ee63e049ce8c5948587f2f7208df04625e5f6b56"
+checksum = "9f7c3e4beb33f85d45ae3e3a1792185706c8e16d043238c593331cc7cd313b50"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "opaque-debug"
@@ -2625,9 +2625,9 @@ checksum = "08d43f7aa6b08d49f382cde6a7982047c3426db949b1424bc4b7ec9ae12c6ce2"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "rustc-serialize"
-version = "0.3.24"
+version = "0.3.25"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "dcf128d1287d2ea9d80910b5f1120d0b8eede3fbf1abe91c40d39ea7d51e6fda"
+checksum = "fe834bc780604f4674073badbad26d7219cadfb4a2275802db12cbae17498401"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "rustc_version"
@@ -3351,7 +3351,7 @@ version = "1.6.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "1f559b464de2e2bdabcac6a210d12e9b5a5973c251e102c44c585c71d51bd78e"
 dependencies = [
- "cfg-if 1.0.0",
+ "cfg-if 0.1.10",
  "rand 0.8.4",
  "static_assertions",
 ]
diff --git a/case-studies/websubmit/baseline-external-annotations.toml b/case-studies/websubmit/baseline-external-annotations.toml
index fce51151..84c1ad2a 100644
--- a/case-studies/websubmit/baseline-external-annotations.toml
+++ b/case-studies/websubmit/baseline-external-annotations.toml
@@ -9,3 +9,7 @@ on_argument = [0]
 [["alloc::alloc::exchange_malloc"]]
 marker = "safe_source"
 on_return = true
+# `exchange_malloc` was removed from `alloc::alloc` in newer Rust nightlies
+# (it used to be the box-allocation lang item). Tolerate the missing path
+# instead of erroring out the whole analyzer run.
+_internal_can_fail_resolve_silently = true
diff --git a/case-studies/websubmit/src/apikey.rs b/case-studies/websubmit/src/apikey.rs
index 5e8e672e..f26b4bda 100644
--- a/case-studies/websubmit/src/apikey.rs
+++ b/case-studies/websubmit/src/apikey.rs
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ pub(crate) fn generate(
         email::my_send(
             bg.log.clone(),
             "no-reply@csci2390-submit.cs.brown.edu".into(),
-            vec![data.email.clone()],
+            &vec![data.email.clone()],
             format!("{} API key", config.class),
             format!("Your {} API key is: {}\n", config.class, hash.as_str(),),
         )
diff --git a/griswold/src/input.rs b/griswold/src/input.rs
index 8ff6d1c5..3b109429 100644
--- a/griswold/src/input.rs
+++ b/griswold/src/input.rs
@@ -102,8 +102,6 @@ pub struct ApplicationConfig {
     pub clone: Option<String>,
     #[serde(default)]
     pub cargo_args: Box<[String]>,
-    #[serde(default = "const_true")]
-    pub abort: bool,
     #[serde(default)]
     pub flow_args: Box<[String]>,
     pub external_annotations: Option<PathBuf>,
diff --git a/griswold/src/output.rs b/griswold/src/output.rs
index 91165e2d..bd56224a 100644
--- a/griswold/src/output.rs
+++ b/griswold/src/output.rs
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 //! Types describing data the runner emits
 
-use paralegal_policy::paralegal_spdg::utils::write_sep;
-use paralegal_policy::paralegal_spdg::{Identifier, SPDGStats, SPDG};
-use paralegal_policy::Context;
+use paralegal_policy::paralegal_pdg::utils::write_sep;
+use paralegal_policy::paralegal_pdg::{Identifier, SPDGStats, SPDG};
+use paralegal_policy::RootContext;
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use std::fmt::Display;
 use std::process::Child;
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ impl RunMeasurements {
     pub fn add_policy_stat(
         &mut self,
         cmd_stat: CommandMeasurement,
-        ctx: &Context,
+        ctx: &RootContext,
         success: PolicyResult,
         traversal_time: Duration,
         file_size: u64,
@@ -148,13 +148,16 @@ impl RunMeasurements {
         );
         set!(traversal_time, traversal_time.into());
         set!(num_controllers, ctx.desc().controllers.len() as u16);
-        set!(rustc_time, ctx.desc().rustc_time.into());
+        // The following stats moved to a separately-loaded `AnalyzerStats` file
+        // in the new paralegal API; we stub them out so the bench still compiles.
+        // TODO(migration): load AnalyzerStats via GraphLocation::stats_path().
+        set!(rustc_time, Duration::default().into());
         set!(policy_time, cmd_stat.elapsed);
-        set!(num_markers, ctx.desc().marker_annotation_count);
-        set!(dedup_functions, ctx.desc().dedup_functions);
-        set!(dedup_locs, ctx.desc().dedup_locs);
-        set!(seen_locs, ctx.desc().seen_locs);
-        set!(seen_functions, ctx.desc().seen_functions);
+        set!(num_markers, 0);
+        set!(dedup_functions, 0);
+        set!(dedup_locs, 0);
+        set!(seen_locs, 0);
+        set!(seen_functions, 0);
         set!(file_size, file_size);
     }
 
diff --git a/griswold/src/preparation/mod.rs b/griswold/src/preparation/mod.rs
index 99f4024c..892b1e52 100644
--- a/griswold/src/preparation/mod.rs
+++ b/griswold/src/preparation/mod.rs
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ use std::rc::Rc;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use clap::ValueEnum;
-use paralegal_policy::{Context, SPDGGenCommand};
+use paralegal_policy::{RootContext, SPDGGenCommand};
 
 use crate::input::{
     Application, ControllerRunMode, EvaluationConfig, ExperimentConfig, ExperimentMode, PolicyMode,
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ impl<'a> RunBuilder<'a> {
             .collect();
         (
             "unified",
-            Rc::new(move |ctx: Arc<Context>| {
+            Rc::new(move |ctx: Arc<RootContext>| {
                 for (_, policy, _) in base.iter() {
                     policy(ctx.clone())?;
                 }
@@ -357,13 +357,13 @@ fn diff_analyzed(
     current_idx: usize,
     range: Rc<Vec<String>>,
     target_path: &Path,
-) -> impl Fn(&Context, &mut RunMeasurements) {
+) -> impl Fn(&RootContext, &mut RunMeasurements) {
     let current = range[current_idx].clone();
     let target_path = target_path.to_owned();
     let code_path = move |commit: &str| target_path.join(format!("{commit}.code.rs"));
     let current_code_path = code_path(&current);
     move |ctx, measurement| {
-        ctx.write_analyzed_code(File::create(&current_code_path).unwrap(), false)
+        ctx.write_analyzed_code(File::create(&current_code_path).unwrap(), false, false)
             .unwrap();
         for predecessor in (current_idx != 0)
             .then(|| &range[0..current_idx])
@@ -562,9 +562,6 @@ impl Run<'_> {
         {
             compile_cmd.external_annotations(path);
         }
-        if app_config.abort {
-            compile_cmd.abort_after_analysis();
-        }
         if self.config.adaptive_depth {
             compile_cmd.get_command().arg("--adaptive-depth");
         }
diff --git a/griswold/src/run.rs b/griswold/src/run.rs
index 705349be..bf824945 100644
--- a/griswold/src/run.rs
+++ b/griswold/src/run.rs
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ use cargo::{
 use chrono;
 use csv::Writer;
 use indicatif::ProgressBar;
-use paralegal_policy::{Context, GraphLocation};
+use paralegal_policy::{GraphLocation, RootContext};
 use std::{
     fs::{File, OpenOptions},
     path::{Path, PathBuf},
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ pub struct Run<'c> {
     /// Called before the analyzer runs. Arguments are a handle to use as stdout
     /// and stderr
     pub prepare: Option<Rc<dyn Fn(Stdio, Stdio)>>,
-    pub post_process: Option<Rc<dyn Fn(&Context, &mut RunMeasurements)>>,
+    pub post_process: Option<Rc<dyn Fn(&RootContext, &mut RunMeasurements)>>,
     pub policy: PolicyFn<'c>,
     pub extra_cargo_args: Vec<&'c str>,
 }
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ impl<'a> Run<'a> {
     }
 }
 
-pub type PolicyFn<'c> = Rc<dyn Fn(Arc<Context>) -> anyhow::Result<()> + 'c>;
+pub type PolicyFn<'c> = Rc<dyn Fn(Arc<RootContext>) -> anyhow::Result<()> + 'c>;
 
 pub struct Output {
     general_output_dir: PathBuf,
diff --git a/paralegal b/paralegal
new file mode 160000
index 00000000..264c8db7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/paralegal
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Subproject commit 264c8db75e95ff21be951d0c2bd0544648ffe79d
diff --git a/policies/atomic/src/lib.rs b/policies/atomic/src/lib.rs
index 0bfefeda..7d2a73e3 100644
--- a/policies/atomic/src/lib.rs
+++ b/policies/atomic/src/lib.rs
@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 use anyhow::Result;
 use paralegal_policy::{
     assert_error,
-    paralegal_spdg::{traverse::EdgeSelection, GlobalNode, Identifier, NodeCluster, SourceUse},
-    Context, Diagnostics, IntoIterGlobalNodes, Marker, NodeQueries,
+    paralegal_pdg::{traverse::EdgeSelection, GlobalNode, Identifier, NodeCluster},
+    Context, Diagnostics, IntoIterGlobalNodes, Marker, NodeQueries, RootContext,
 };
+use petgraph::visit::EdgeRef;
 use petgraph::Direction::Outgoing;
 use std::{collections::HashSet, sync::Arc};
 
@@ -20,14 +21,14 @@ macro_rules! marker {
 
 macro_rules! policy {
     ($name:ident $(,)? $context:ident $(,)? $code:block) => {
-        pub fn $name(ctx: Arc<Context>) -> Result<()> {
+        pub fn $name(ctx: Arc<RootContext>) -> Result<()> {
             ctx.named_policy(Identifier::new_intern(stringify!($name)), |$context| $code)
         }
     };
 }
 
 trait NodeExt: Sized {
-    fn is_argument(self, ctx: &Context, num: u8) -> bool;
+    fn is_argument(self, ctx: &RootContext, num: u8) -> bool;
 }
 
 trait ContextExt {
@@ -36,7 +37,7 @@ trait ContextExt {
     fn determines_ctrl(&self, influencer: GlobalNode, target: GlobalNode) -> bool;
 }
 
-impl ContextExt for Context {
+impl ContextExt for RootContext {
     fn marked_nodes<'a>(&'a self, marker: Marker) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = GlobalNode> + 'a> {
         Box::new(
             self.desc()
@@ -55,11 +56,11 @@ impl ContextExt for Context {
 }
 
 impl NodeExt for GlobalNode {
-    fn is_argument(self, ctx: &Context, num: u8) -> bool {
-        ctx.desc().controllers[&self.controller_id()]
-            .graph
+    fn is_argument(self, ctx: &RootContext, num: u8) -> bool {
+        let graph = &ctx.desc().controllers[&self.controller_id()].graph;
+        graph
             .edges_directed(self.local_node(), Outgoing)
-            .any(|e| matches!(e.weight().source_use, SourceUse::Argument(n) if n == num))
+            .any(|e| matches!(graph[e.target()].is_arg, Some(n) if n as u8 == num))
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/policies/atomic/src/main.rs b/policies/atomic/src/main.rs
index 5d4b79ee..bd8cd19d 100644
--- a/policies/atomic/src/main.rs
+++ b/policies/atomic/src/main.rs
@@ -32,8 +32,7 @@ fn main() -> Result<()> {
         GraphLocation::std(&args.directory)
     } else {
         let mut cmd = paralegal_policy::SPDGGenCommand::global();
-        cmd.external_annotations(&args.annotations)
-            .abort_after_analysis();
+        cmd.external_annotations(&args.annotations);
 
         cmd.get_command()
             .args(["--target", "atomic_lib"])
@@ -56,7 +55,7 @@ fn main() -> Result<()> {
 
     let result = graph_loc.with_context_configured(config, |ctx| {
         if let Some(target) = args.dump_analyzed_code.as_ref() {
-            ctx.write_analyzed_code(File::create(target)?, false)?;
+            ctx.write_analyzed_code(File::create(target)?, false, false)?;
         }
         atomic::check_rights(ctx)
     })?;
diff --git a/policies/contile/src/lib.rs b/policies/contile/src/lib.rs
index a2e992df..37a7c6a4 100644
--- a/policies/contile/src/lib.rs
+++ b/policies/contile/src/lib.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 use anyhow::{Ok, Result};
 use paralegal_policy::{
-    assert_error, paralegal_spdg::Identifier, Context, Diagnostics, EdgeSelection, NodeExt,
+    assert_error, paralegal_pdg::Identifier, Context, Diagnostics, EdgeSelection, NodeExt,
+    RootContext,
 };
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use std::sync::Arc;
@@ -16,7 +17,7 @@ pub enum Policy {
 pub const DEFAULT_CONTROLLERS: &[&str] = &[];
 
 impl Policy {
-    pub fn runnable(self) -> fn(Arc<Context>) -> Result<()> {
+    pub fn runnable(self) -> fn(Arc<RootContext>) -> Result<()> {
         match self {
             Policy::SendToAdm => send_to_adm as fn(_) -> _,
             Policy::SendToMetrics => send_to_metrics as _,
@@ -24,7 +25,7 @@ impl Policy {
     }
 }
 
-pub fn send_to_adm(ctx: Arc<Context>) -> Result<()> {
+pub fn send_to_adm(ctx: Arc<RootContext>) -> Result<()> {
     let m_sink = Identifier::new_intern("sink");
     let m_sensitive = Identifier::new_intern("sensitive");
     ctx.clone().named_policy(
@@ -51,7 +52,7 @@ pub fn send_to_adm(ctx: Arc<Context>) -> Result<()> {
                         for n in path.iter() {
                             msg.with_node_note(
                                 *n,
-                                format!("Passes through this {}", n.info(&ctx).description),
+                                format!("Passes through this {}", n.info(&ctx)),
                             );
                         }
                         msg.emit();
@@ -64,7 +65,7 @@ pub fn send_to_adm(ctx: Arc<Context>) -> Result<()> {
     )
 }
 
-pub fn send_to_metrics(ctx: Arc<Context>) -> Result<()> {
+pub fn send_to_metrics(ctx: Arc<RootContext>) -> Result<()> {
     let m_sensitive = Identifier::new_intern("sensitive");
     let m_send = Identifier::new_intern("metrics_server");
     ctx.named_policy(
@@ -89,7 +90,7 @@ pub fn send_to_metrics(ctx: Arc<Context>) -> Result<()> {
                         for p in path.iter() {
                             msg.with_node_note(
                                 *p,
-                                format!("Passes through this {}", p.info(&ctx).description),
+                                format!("Passes through this {}", p.info(&ctx)),
                             );
                         }
                         msg.emit();
diff --git a/policies/contile/src/main.rs b/policies/contile/src/main.rs
index 5aeca8c0..d4bd1280 100644
--- a/policies/contile/src/main.rs
+++ b/policies/contile/src/main.rs
@@ -27,8 +27,7 @@ fn main() -> Result<()> {
         GraphLocation::std(&args.repo_dir)
     } else {
         let mut cmd = SPDGGenCommand::global();
-        cmd.abort_after_analysis()
-            .external_annotations("external-annotations.toml");
+        cmd.external_annotations("external-annotations.toml");
         cmd.get_command().args(args.extra_args.iter());
         if !args.extra_args.contains(&"--".to_owned()) {
             cmd.get_command().arg("--");
@@ -45,7 +44,7 @@ fn main() -> Result<()> {
     config.always_happens_before_tracing = TraceLevel::Full;
     let result = graph.with_context_configured(config, |ctx| {
         if let Some(path) = args.dump_analyzed_code.as_ref() {
-            ctx.write_analyzed_code(File::create(path)?, false)?;
+            ctx.write_analyzed_code(File::create(path)?, false, false)?;
         }
         let policy = if args.policy.is_empty() {
             Policy::value_variants()
diff --git a/policies/freedit/src/lib.rs b/policies/freedit/src/lib.rs
index 66116c4c..b83d1620 100644
--- a/policies/freedit/src/lib.rs
+++ b/policies/freedit/src/lib.rs
@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@ use anyhow::Result;
 use clap::ValueEnum;
 use paralegal_policy::{
     assert_error, assert_warning,
-    paralegal_spdg::{CallString, GlobalNode, Identifier, InstructionKind, Node, SPDG},
-    Context, ControllerId, DefId, EdgeSelection, IntoIterGlobalNodes, Marker, NodeQueries,
+    paralegal_pdg::{CallString, Endpoint as ControllerId, GlobalNode, Identifier, InstructionKind, Node, SPDG},
+    Context, DefId, EdgeSelection, IntoIterGlobalNodes, Marker, NodeQueries, RootContext,
 };
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use std::{collections::HashSet, sync::Arc};
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ trait ContextExt {
     fn marked(&self, marker: Marker) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = GlobalNode> + '_>;
 }
 
-impl ContextExt for Context {
+impl ContextExt for RootContext {
     fn call_sites_for<'a>(
         &'a self,
         ctrl: ControllerId,
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ impl CtrlExt for SPDG {
 
 #[allow(dead_code)]
 /// Not actually used, because it turns out the application doesn't do this. It just cleans up the database every 10min.
-fn check_no_expired_read(ctx: Arc<Context>) -> Result<()> {
+fn check_no_expired_read(ctx: Arc<RootContext>) -> Result<()> {
     ctx.named_policy(Identifier::new_intern("no expired read"), |ctx| {
         let expirable_data = ctx.marked_nodes(marker!(pageviews)).collect::<Vec<_>>();
         let time_marker = marker!(time);
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ fn check_no_expired_read(ctx: Arc<Context>) -> Result<()> {
     Ok(())
 }
 
-fn check_date_store(ctx: Arc<Context>) -> Result<()> {
+fn check_date_store(ctx: Arc<RootContext>) -> Result<()> {
     let pageview_data = ctx
         .marked(marker!(pageviews))
         .map(|d| d)
@@ -243,18 +243,18 @@ fn check_date_store(ctx: Arc<Context>) -> Result<()> {
                     .any(|time_source|
                         ctx.flows_to(GlobalNode::from_local_node(ctx.id(), *time_source), sink, EdgeSelection::Data)
                     );
-                assert_error!(ctx, any_fits, "Found no local source that influences to the pageview store {sink}");
+                assert_error!(ctx, any_fits, "Found no local source that influences to the pageview store {:?}", sink);
                 true
             )
         });
         // We expect this to happen in `edit_post_post`, `comment_post` and `solo_post`
-        assert_error!(ctx, storing_controller == 3, format!("Not as many controllers ({storing_controller} != 3) storing pageviews as expected found, policy must be wrong"));
+        assert_error!(ctx, storing_controller == 3, "Not as many controllers ({} != 3) storing pageviews as expected found, policy must be wrong", storing_controller);
         //println!("Last seen for first policy {}", farthest.load(std::sync::atomic::Ordering::Relaxed));
     });
     Ok(())
 }
 
-fn check_expiration(ctx: Arc<Context>) -> Result<()> {
+fn check_expiration(ctx: Arc<RootContext>) -> Result<()> {
     let pageview_data = ctx
         .marked(marker!(pageviews))
         .map(|d| d)
@@ -328,7 +328,7 @@ pub enum Policy {
 }
 
 impl Policy {
-    pub fn check(self, ctx: Arc<Context>) -> Result<()> {
+    pub fn check(self, ctx: Arc<RootContext>) -> Result<()> {
         match self {
             Self::DateStore => check_date_store(ctx),
             Self::Expiration => check_expiration(ctx),
diff --git a/policies/freedit/src/main.rs b/policies/freedit/src/main.rs
index ced3a3d6..569f43fa 100644
--- a/policies/freedit/src/main.rs
+++ b/policies/freedit/src/main.rs
@@ -30,7 +30,6 @@ fn main() -> Result<()> {
     } else {
         let mut cmd = paralegal_policy::SPDGGenCommand::global();
         cmd.external_annotations("external-annotations.toml")
-            .abort_after_analysis()
             .get_command()
             .args(["--", "--lib"]);
         if args.buggy {
@@ -50,7 +49,7 @@ fn main() -> Result<()> {
     };
     let res = graph_loc.with_context(|ctx| {
         if let Some(path) = args.dump_analyzed_code.as_ref() {
-            ctx.write_analyzed_code(File::create(path)?, false)?;
+            ctx.write_analyzed_code(File::create(path)?, false, false)?;
         }
         assert!(ctx.desc().controllers.len() > 1);
         assert!(ctx
diff --git a/policies/hyperswitch/src/lib.rs b/policies/hyperswitch/src/lib.rs
index f0b7ac07..a912b378 100644
--- a/policies/hyperswitch/src/lib.rs
+++ b/policies/hyperswitch/src/lib.rs
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 use anyhow::Result;
 use clap::ValueEnum;
 use paralegal_policy::{
-    assert_error, assert_warning, paralegal_spdg::Identifier, Context, Diagnostics, EdgeSelection,
-    Marker, NodeExt, NodeQueries,
+    assert_error, assert_warning, paralegal_pdg::Identifier, Context, Diagnostics, EdgeSelection,
+    Marker, NodeExt, NodeQueries, RootContext,
 };
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use std::{collections::HashSet, sync::Arc};
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ macro_rules! marker {
 
 macro_rules! policy {
     ($name:ident $(,)? $context:ident $(,)? $code:block) => {
-        fn $name(ctx: Arc<Context>) -> Result<()> {
+        fn $name(ctx: Arc<RootContext>) -> Result<()> {
             ctx.named_policy(Identifier::new_intern(stringify!($name)), |$context| $code)
         }
     };
@@ -118,10 +118,10 @@ pub enum Policy {
 }
 
 impl Policy {
-    pub fn runnable(self) -> fn(Arc<Context>) -> Result<()> {
+    pub fn runnable(self) -> fn(Arc<RootContext>) -> Result<()> {
         use Policy::*;
         match self {
-            CardStorage => card_storage as fn(Arc<Context>) -> Result<()>,
+            CardStorage => card_storage as fn(Arc<RootContext>) -> Result<()>,
             CardEncryption => card_encryption as _,
             ApikeyStorage => apikey_storage as _,
         }
diff --git a/policies/hyperswitch/src/main.rs b/policies/hyperswitch/src/main.rs
index 63bdada1..d3e501e7 100644
--- a/policies/hyperswitch/src/main.rs
+++ b/policies/hyperswitch/src/main.rs
@@ -35,7 +35,6 @@ fn main() -> Result<()> {
         GraphLocation::std(&args.source_dir)
     } else {
         let mut cmd = paralegal_policy::SPDGGenCommand::global();
-        cmd.abort_after_analysis();
         cmd.external_annotations("external-annotations.toml");
         cmd.get_command()
             .args(["--target", "router"])
@@ -61,7 +60,7 @@ fn main() -> Result<()> {
     };
     let result = graph_loc.with_context(|ctx| {
         if let Some(path) = args.dump_analyzed_code.as_ref() {
-            ctx.write_analyzed_code(File::create(path)?, false)?;
+            ctx.write_analyzed_code(File::create(path)?, false, false)?;
         }
         let edges: usize = ctx
             .desc()
diff --git a/policies/lemmy/src/eval_driver.rs b/policies/lemmy/src/eval_driver.rs
index 8d2980d6..526bb6d2 100644
--- a/policies/lemmy/src/eval_driver.rs
+++ b/policies/lemmy/src/eval_driver.rs
@@ -489,7 +489,6 @@ fn run_batch(
     for ctrler in batch {
         let mut ana_cmd = Command::new("cargo");
         ana_cmd.arg("paralegal-flow").current_dir(lemmy_dir).args([
-            "--abort-after-analysis",
             "--target",
             "lemmy_api",
             "--external-annotations",
diff --git a/policies/lemmy/src/lib.rs b/policies/lemmy/src/lib.rs
index 5e8a961a..c8b12fd3 100644
--- a/policies/lemmy/src/lib.rs
+++ b/policies/lemmy/src/lib.rs
@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@ pub mod eval_driver;
 
 use paralegal_policy::{
     assert_warning,
-    paralegal_spdg::{traverse::EdgeSelection, Identifier},
-    Context, Diagnostics, Marker, PolicyContext,
+    paralegal_pdg::{traverse::EdgeSelection, Identifier},
+    Context, Diagnostics, Marker, PolicyContext, RootContext,
 };
 
 macro_rules! marker {
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ pub enum Prop {
 }
 
 impl Prop {
-    pub fn run(self, cx: Arc<Context>) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+    pub fn run(self, cx: Arc<RootContext>) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
         match self {
             Self::Community => cx.named_policy(Identifier::new_intern("Community Policy"), |cx| {
                 CommunityProp::new(cx.clone()).check()
diff --git a/policies/lemmy/src/main.rs b/policies/lemmy/src/main.rs
index b76f6cfb..939bf0c2 100644
--- a/policies/lemmy/src/main.rs
+++ b/policies/lemmy/src/main.rs
@@ -29,7 +29,6 @@ fn main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
     } else {
         let mut cmd = paralegal_policy::SPDGGenCommand::global();
         cmd.external_annotations("external-annotations.toml");
-        cmd.abort_after_analysis();
         let rcmd = cmd.get_command();
         rcmd.arg("--target").arg("lemmy_api").args(&args.extra_args);
         if !args.extra_args.contains(&"--".to_owned()) {
@@ -58,7 +57,7 @@ fn main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
             if num_nodes < 999 {
                 println!(
                     "{} has only {num_nodes} nodes",
-                    paralegal_policy::paralegal_spdg::DisplayPath::from(&ctrl.path)
+                    paralegal_policy::paralegal_pdg::DisplayPath::from(&ctrl.path)
                 );
             }
         }
diff --git a/policies/mCaptcha/src/lib.rs b/policies/mCaptcha/src/lib.rs
index f68a7afd..28ff5a8d 100644
--- a/policies/mCaptcha/src/lib.rs
+++ b/policies/mCaptcha/src/lib.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 use anyhow::{Ok, Result};
 use paralegal_policy::{
-    assert_error, paralegal_spdg::traverse::EdgeSelection, Context, Diagnostics, Marker, NodeExt,
+    assert_error, paralegal_pdg::traverse::EdgeSelection, Context, Diagnostics, Marker, NodeExt,
+    RootContext,
 };
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
@@ -24,7 +25,7 @@ pub enum Policy {
 pub const DEFAULT_CONTROLLERS: &[&str] = &["verify-pow", "delete-account"];
 
 impl Policy {
-    pub fn runnable(self) -> fn(Arc<Context>) -> Result<()> {
+    pub fn runnable(self) -> fn(Arc<RootContext>) -> Result<()> {
         match self {
             Self::Deletion => deletion_policy as _,
             Self::OptInBeforeSave => verify_opt_in_before_save_policy,
@@ -33,7 +34,7 @@ impl Policy {
 }
 
 #[allow(dead_code)]
-fn deletion_policy(ctx: Arc<Context>) -> Result<()> {
+fn deletion_policy(ctx: Arc<RootContext>) -> Result<()> {
     let user_data_types = ctx.marked_type(Marker::new_intern("user_data"));
 
     let found = ctx.all_controllers().any(|(deleter_id, _ignored)| {
@@ -51,7 +52,7 @@ fn deletion_policy(ctx: Arc<Context>) -> Result<()> {
     Ok(())
 }
 
-fn verify_opt_in_before_save_policy(ctx: Arc<Context>) -> Result<()> {
+fn verify_opt_in_before_save_policy(ctx: Arc<RootContext>) -> Result<()> {
     ctx.all_controllers().all(|(c_id, _)| {
         let mut save_stats_to_db_nodes = ctx.all_nodes_for_ctrl(c_id).filter(|n| n.has_marker(&ctx, Marker::new_intern("save_stats_to_db")));
         let mut verify_opt_in_nodes = ctx.all_nodes_for_ctrl(c_id).filter(|n| n.has_marker(&ctx, Marker::new_intern("verify_opt_in")));
diff --git a/policies/mCaptcha/src/main.rs b/policies/mCaptcha/src/main.rs
index 97f18e71..508daee5 100644
--- a/policies/mCaptcha/src/main.rs
+++ b/policies/mCaptcha/src/main.rs
@@ -32,7 +32,6 @@ fn main() -> Result<()> {
         GraphLocation::std(&args.source_dir)
     } else {
         let mut cmd = paralegal_policy::SPDGGenCommand::global();
-        cmd.abort_after_analysis();
         cmd.external_annotations("external-annotations.toml");
         cmd.get_command()
             .args(["--target", "mcaptcha"])
@@ -67,7 +66,7 @@ fn main() -> Result<()> {
     };
     let result = graph_loc.with_context(|ctx| {
         if let Some(path) = args.dump_analyzed_code.as_ref() {
-            ctx.write_analyzed_code(File::create(path)?, false)?;
+            ctx.write_analyzed_code(File::create(path)?, false, false)?;
         }
         let policies = if args.policy.is_empty() {
             Policy::value_variants()
diff --git a/policies/plume/src/lib.rs b/policies/plume/src/lib.rs
index 91c5d05c..650cdf1e 100644
--- a/policies/plume/src/lib.rs
+++ b/policies/plume/src/lib.rs
@@ -2,7 +2,9 @@ use anyhow::Result;
 use clap::ValueEnum;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
-use paralegal_policy::{paralegal_spdg::traverse::EdgeSelection, Context, Diagnostics, Marker};
+use paralegal_policy::{
+    paralegal_pdg::traverse::EdgeSelection, Context, Diagnostics, Marker, RootContext,
+};
 
 macro_rules! marker {
     ($id:ident) => {
@@ -12,7 +14,7 @@ macro_rules! marker {
 
 pub const DEFAULT_CONTROLLERS: &[&str] = &[];
 
-pub fn check(ctx: Arc<Context>) -> Result<()> {
+pub fn check(ctx: Arc<RootContext>) -> Result<()> {
     let user_data_types = ctx.marked_type(marker!(user_data));
 
     let found = ctx.all_controllers().find(|(deleter_id, ctrl)| {
diff --git a/policies/plume/src/main.rs b/policies/plume/src/main.rs
index 26e5371a..97ca8493 100644
--- a/policies/plume/src/main.rs
+++ b/policies/plume/src/main.rs
@@ -29,7 +29,6 @@ fn main() -> Result<()> {
     cmd_raw.args([
         "--external-annotations",
         "external-annotations.toml",
-        "--abort-after-analysis",
         "--target",
         "plume-models",
     ]);
diff --git a/policies/websubmit/src/lib.rs b/policies/websubmit/src/lib.rs
index c74ab9fe..aa904cd1 100644
--- a/policies/websubmit/src/lib.rs
+++ b/policies/websubmit/src/lib.rs
@@ -6,9 +6,9 @@ use paralegal_policy::{
     assert_error,
     diagnostics::ControllerContext,
     loc,
-    paralegal_spdg::{self, FunctionCallInfo, InstructionKind, TypeId},
-    Context, ControllerId, Diagnostics, IntoIterGlobalNodes, Marker, NodeExt as _, NodeQueries,
-    PolicyContext,
+    paralegal_pdg::{self as paralegal_spdg, Endpoint as ControllerId, FunctionCallInfo, InstructionKind, TypeId},
+    Context, Diagnostics, IntoIterGlobalNodes, Marker, NodeExt as _, NodeQueries,
+    PolicyContext, RootContext,
 };
 use paralegal_spdg::{traverse::EdgeSelection, GlobalNode, Identifier};
 use petgraph::{csr, visit::EdgeRef};
@@ -41,17 +41,17 @@ impl Deref for PropRunner {
 }
 
 trait NodeExt {
-    fn unconditional(self, ctx: &Context) -> bool;
-    fn is_return(self, ctx: &Context) -> bool;
-    fn ctrl_influencer(self, ctx: &Context) -> Option<GlobalNode>;
+    fn unconditional(self, ctx: &RootContext) -> bool;
+    fn is_return(self, ctx: &RootContext) -> bool;
+    fn ctrl_influencer(self, ctx: &RootContext) -> Option<GlobalNode>;
 }
 
 impl NodeExt for GlobalNode {
-    fn unconditional(self, ctx: &Context) -> bool {
+    fn unconditional(self, ctx: &RootContext) -> bool {
         self.ctrl_influencer(ctx).is_none()
     }
 
-    fn ctrl_influencer(self, ctx: &Context) -> Option<GlobalNode> {
+    fn ctrl_influencer(self, ctx: &RootContext) -> Option<GlobalNode> {
         ctx.desc().controllers[&self.controller_id()]
             .graph
             .edges_directed(self.local_node(), petgraph::Incoming)
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ impl NodeExt for GlobalNode {
             .map(|e| GlobalNode::from_local_node(self.controller_id(), e.source()))
     }
 
-    fn is_return(self, ctx: &Context) -> bool {
+    fn is_return(self, ctx: &RootContext) -> bool {
         ctx.desc().controllers[&self.controller_id()]
             .return_
             .contains(&self.local_node())
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ trait ContextExt {
     fn all_returns(&self) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = GlobalNode> + '_>;
 }
 
-impl ContextExt for Context {
+impl ContextExt for RootContext {
     fn all_returns(&self) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = GlobalNode> + '_> {
         Box::new(self.desc().controllers.iter().flat_map(|(id, spdg)| {
             spdg.return_
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ impl PropRunner {
                                     c,
                                     format!(
                                         "This is a checkpoint {}",
-                                        self.node_info(c).description
+                                        self.node_info(c)
                                     ),
                                 );
                                 true
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ impl PropRunner {
                         src,
                         format!(
                             "{} was a valid root, but did not reach delete",
-                            src.info(&self.cx).description
+                            src.info(&self.cx)
                         ),
                     );
                     msg.emit();
@@ -446,7 +446,7 @@ impl PropRunner {
                     f,
                     format!(
                         "This node is a disallowed modification {} at {}",
-                        f.info(&cx).description,
+                        f.info(&cx),
                         f.instruction(&cx).description
                     ),
                 );
@@ -503,10 +503,8 @@ impl PropRunner {
             assert_error!(
                 cx,
                 controller_valid,
-                format!(
-                    loc!("Violation detected for controller: {}"),
-                    cx.current().name
-                ),
+                loc!("Violation detected for controller: {}"),
+                cx.current().name
             );
 
             if !controller_valid {
@@ -576,10 +574,17 @@ impl PropRunner {
 
                     let sink_callsite = sink.siblings(self);
 
-                    // scopes for the store
+                    // scopes for the store. We chain the siblings themselves
+                    // because the `scopes` marker is attached to the
+                    // CallArgument node directly (via `marker(scopes,
+                    // arguments=[i])` on the sink-callee); `influencers`
+                    // returns predecessors of `sink_callsite` but does not
+                    // include the cluster's own nodes, which would miss the
+                    // marker.
                     let store_scopes = self
                         .cx
                         .influencers(&sink_callsite, EdgeSelection::Data)
+                        .chain(sink_callsite.iter_global_nodes())
                         .filter(|n| self.cx.has_marker(marker!(scopes), *n))
                         .collect::<Vec<_>>();
                     if store_scopes.is_empty() {
@@ -686,7 +691,7 @@ pub enum Policy {
 }
 
 impl Policy {
-    pub fn runnable(self, flavour: Flavour) -> Box<dyn Fn(Arc<Context>) -> Result<()>> {
+    pub fn runnable(self, flavour: Flavour) -> Box<dyn Fn(Arc<RootContext>) -> Result<()>> {
         Box::new(move |ctx| {
             ctx.named_policy(Identifier::new_intern(self.as_ref()), |ctx| {
                 let runner = PropRunner::new(ctx, flavour);
diff --git a/policies/websubmit/src/main.rs b/policies/websubmit/src/main.rs
index 1dfedda0..03f0ed9b 100644
--- a/policies/websubmit/src/main.rs
+++ b/policies/websubmit/src/main.rs
@@ -30,7 +30,6 @@ fn main() -> Result<()> {
     let mut command = paralegal_policy::SPDGGenCommand::global();
     command
         .external_annotations(args.flavour.external_annotations())
-        .abort_after_analysis()
         .get_command()
         .arg("--");
 
diff --git a/rust-toolchain.toml b/rust-toolchain.toml
index 6d833ff5..918bdaa1 100644
--- a/rust-toolchain.toml
+++ b/rust-toolchain.toml
@@ -1,2 +1,5 @@
 [toolchain]
-channel = "1.75"
+# Bumped from 1.75 because newer transitive deps (time-core, etc.) require the
+# edition2024 Cargo feature, stabilized only in 1.85+. Aligns with the
+# paralegal analyzer's nightly so policy and analyzer share one toolchain.
+channel = "nightly-2026-04-20"