diff --git a/backend/db/migrations/20260525220113-transform-placeholder-i18n-keys.js b/backend/db/migrations/20260525220113-transform-placeholder-i18n-keys.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4a08012b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/db/migrations/20260525220113-transform-placeholder-i18n-keys.js
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+"use strict";
+
+const { translateMaybeKey } = require("../../utils/i18n");
+
+/**
+ * Replace English placeholderLabel / placeholderDescription with i18n keys.
+ * Help tooltips stay in templates.json (frontend derives help key from description key).
+ *
+ * @type {import('sequelize-cli').Migration}
+ */
+
+const TYPE_SLUG = {
+  1: "emailGeneral",
+  2: "emailStudySession",
+  3: "emailAssignment",
+  6: "emailStudyClose",
+};
+
+const PLACEHOLDER_ROWS = [
+  { type: 1, placeholderKey: "username" },
+  { type: 1, placeholderKey: "firstName" },
+  { type: 1, placeholderKey: "lastName" },
+  { type: 1, placeholderKey: "link" },
+  { type: 1, placeholderKey: "otp" },
+  { type: 1, placeholderKey: "tokenExpiry" },
+  { type: 2, placeholderKey: "username" },
+  { type: 2, placeholderKey: "link" },
+  { type: 3, placeholderKey: "username" },
+  { type: 3, placeholderKey: "assignmentType" },
+  { type: 3, placeholderKey: "assignmentName" },
+  { type: 3, placeholderKey: "link" },
+  { type: 6, placeholderKey: "username" },
+  { type: 6, placeholderKey: "studyName" },
+];
+
+function keysFor(type, placeholderKey) {
+  const slug = TYPE_SLUG[type];
+  const base = "templates.placeholders";
+  return {
+    placeholderLabel: `${base}.labels.${slug}.${placeholderKey}`,
+    placeholderDescription: `${base}.descriptions.${slug}.${placeholderKey}`,
+  };
+}
+
+/** @type {import('sequelize-cli').Migration} */
+module.exports = {
+  async up(queryInterface, Sequelize) {
+    for (const row of PLACEHOLDER_ROWS) {
+      await queryInterface.bulkUpdate(
+        "placeholder",
+        {
+          ...keysFor(row.type, row.placeholderKey),
+          updatedAt: new Date(),
+        },
+        {
+          type: row.type,
+          placeholderKey: row.placeholderKey,
+        },
+        {},
+      );
+    }
+  },
+
+  async down(queryInterface) {
+    for (const row of PLACEHOLDER_ROWS) {
+      const keys = keysFor(row.type, row.placeholderKey);
+      const placeholderLabel = translateMaybeKey(keys.placeholderLabel);
+      const placeholderDescription = translateMaybeKey(keys.placeholderDescription);
+      if (!placeholderLabel || !placeholderDescription) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      await queryInterface.bulkUpdate(
+        "placeholder",
+        {
+          placeholderLabel,
+          placeholderDescription,
+          updatedAt: new Date(),
+        },
+        {
+          type: row.type,
+          placeholderKey: row.placeholderKey,
+        },
+        {}
+      );
+    }
+  },
+};
diff --git a/backend/db/migrations/20260530120000-add-setting-allowUserOverride.js b/backend/db/migrations/20260530120000-add-setting-allowUserOverride.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7032b39bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/db/migrations/20260530120000-add-setting-allowUserOverride.js
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+'use strict';
+
+/** Keys in `setting` that users may override via `user_setting`. */
+const USER_OVERRIDABLE_SETTING_KEYS = [
+    'projects.default',
+    'tags.tagSet.default',
+    'annotator.nlp.activated',
+];
+
+/** @type {import('sequelize-cli').Migration} */
+module.exports = {
+    async up(queryInterface, Sequelize) {
+        await queryInterface.addColumn('setting', 'allowUserOverride', {
+            type: Sequelize.BOOLEAN,
+            allowNull: false,
+            defaultValue: false,
+        });
+
+        const now = new Date();
+        for (const key of USER_OVERRIDABLE_SETTING_KEYS) {
+            await queryInterface.bulkUpdate(
+                'setting',
+                { allowUserOverride: true, updatedAt: now },
+                { key }
+            );
+        }
+    },
+
+    async down(queryInterface) {
+        await queryInterface.removeColumn('setting', 'allowUserOverride');
+    },
+};
diff --git a/backend/db/migrations/20260530130000-add-setting-app-locale.js b/backend/db/migrations/20260530130000-add-setting-app-locale.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c93a24e79
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/db/migrations/20260530130000-add-setting-app-locale.js
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+'use strict';
+
+/** @type {import('sequelize-cli').Migration} */
+module.exports = {
+    async up(queryInterface) {
+        const now = new Date();
+        const existing = await queryInterface.rawSelect(
+            'setting',
+            { where: { key: 'app.locale' } },
+            ['key']
+        );
+        if (existing) {
+            await queryInterface.bulkUpdate(
+                'setting',
+                { allowUserOverride: true, updatedAt: now },
+                { key: 'app.locale' }
+            );
+            return;
+        }
+
+        await queryInterface.bulkInsert('setting', [{
+            key: 'app.locale',
+            value: 'en',
+            type: 'string',
+            description: 'Default UI language. Users may override via user_setting.',
+            allowUserOverride: true,
+            createdAt: now,
+            updatedAt: now,
+        }]);
+    },
+
+    async down(queryInterface) {
+        await queryInterface.bulkDelete('setting', { key: 'app.locale' });
+    },
+};
diff --git a/backend/db/migrations/20260530140000-add-disable-language-selection-right.js b/backend/db/migrations/20260530140000-add-disable-language-selection-right.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b9f4b88d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/db/migrations/20260530140000-add-disable-language-selection-right.js
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const RIGHT = {
+    name: "frontend.preferences.disableLanguageSelection",
+    description: "disables the ability to change the UI language in preferences",
+};
+
+const ROLE_NAME = "guest";
+
+/** @type {import('sequelize-cli').Migration} */
+module.exports = {
+    async up(queryInterface, Sequelize) {
+        await queryInterface.bulkInsert(
+            "user_right",
+            [{
+                ...RIGHT,
+                createdAt: new Date(),
+                updatedAt: new Date(),
+            }],
+            {}
+        );
+
+        const userRoles = await queryInterface.sequelize.query('SELECT id, name FROM "user_role"', {
+            type: queryInterface.sequelize.QueryTypes.SELECT,
+        });
+
+        const guestRole = userRoles.find((role) => role.name === ROLE_NAME);
+
+        await queryInterface.bulkInsert(
+            "role_right_matching",
+            [{
+                userRoleId: guestRole.id,
+                userRightName: RIGHT.name,
+                createdAt: new Date(),
+                updatedAt: new Date(),
+            }],
+            {}
+        );
+    },
+
+    async down(queryInterface, Sequelize) {
+        await queryInterface.bulkDelete(
+            "role_right_matching",
+            { userRightName: RIGHT.name },
+            {}
+        );
+
+        await queryInterface.bulkDelete(
+            "user_right",
+            { name: RIGHT.name },
+            {}
+        );
+    },
+};
diff --git a/backend/db/migrations/20260530150000-add-setting-app-locale-display.js b/backend/db/migrations/20260530150000-add-setting-app-locale-display.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c69163187
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/db/migrations/20260530150000-add-setting-app-locale-display.js
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const KEY = 'app.locale';
+
+/** @type {import('sequelize-cli').Migration} */
+module.exports = {
+    async up(queryInterface) {
+        const now = new Date();
+        await queryInterface.sequelize.query(
+            `UPDATE setting SET "displayName" = :dn, "displayGroup" = :dg, "displaySubsection" = :ds, "updatedAt" = :now WHERE key = :k`,
+            {
+                replacements: {
+                    dn: 'Default UI language',
+                    dg: 'Interface',
+                    ds: 'Localization',
+                    k: KEY,
+                    now,
+                },
+            }
+        );
+    },
+
+    async down(queryInterface) {
+        const now = new Date();
+        await queryInterface.sequelize.query(
+            `UPDATE setting SET "displayName" = NULL, "displayGroup" = NULL, "displaySubsection" = NULL, "updatedAt" = :now WHERE key = :k`,
+            {
+                replacements: { k: KEY, now },
+            }
+        );
+    },
+};
diff --git a/backend/db/migrations/20260601120000-transform-email-submission-upload-placeholder-i18n-keys.js b/backend/db/migrations/20260601120000-transform-email-submission-upload-placeholder-i18n-keys.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..84c695e0a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/db/migrations/20260601120000-transform-email-submission-upload-placeholder-i18n-keys.js
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+"use strict";
+
+const { translateMaybeKey } = require("../../utils/i18n");
+
+/**
+ * Replace English placeholderLabel / placeholderDescription for email template type 7.
+ *
+ * @type {import('sequelize-cli').Migration}
+ */
+
+const TYPE_SLUG = "emailSubmissionUpload";
+
+const PLACEHOLDER_ROWS = [
+  { type: 7, placeholderKey: "username" },
+  { type: 7, placeholderKey: "assignmentName" },
+  { type: 7, placeholderKey: "eventType" },
+  { type: 7, placeholderKey: "assignmentId" },
+  { type: 7, placeholderKey: "submissionId" },
+  { type: 7, placeholderKey: "timestamp" },
+];
+
+function keysFor(placeholderKey) {
+  const base = "templates.placeholders";
+  return {
+    placeholderLabel: `${base}.labels.${TYPE_SLUG}.${placeholderKey}`,
+    placeholderDescription: `${base}.descriptions.${TYPE_SLUG}.${placeholderKey}`,
+  };
+}
+
+/** @type {import('sequelize-cli').Migration} */
+module.exports = {
+  async up(queryInterface) {
+    for (const row of PLACEHOLDER_ROWS) {
+      await queryInterface.bulkUpdate(
+        "placeholder",
+        {
+          ...keysFor(row.placeholderKey),
+          updatedAt: new Date(),
+        },
+        {
+          type: row.type,
+          placeholderKey: row.placeholderKey,
+        },
+        {}
+      );
+    }
+  },
+
+  async down(queryInterface) {
+    for (const row of PLACEHOLDER_ROWS) {
+      const keys = keysFor(row.placeholderKey);
+      const placeholderLabel = translateMaybeKey(keys.placeholderLabel);
+      const placeholderDescription = translateMaybeKey(keys.placeholderDescription);
+      if (!placeholderLabel || !placeholderDescription) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      await queryInterface.bulkUpdate(
+        "placeholder",
+        {
+          placeholderLabel,
+          placeholderDescription,
+          updatedAt: new Date(),
+        },
+        {
+          type: row.type,
+          placeholderKey: row.placeholderKey,
+        },
+        {}
+      );
+    }
+  },
+};
diff --git a/backend/db/models/assignment.js b/backend/db/models/assignment.js
index c11a01e7d..7ead6a4d5 100644
--- a/backend/db/models/assignment.js
+++ b/backend/db/models/assignment.js
@@ -14,38 +14,38 @@ module.exports = (sequelize, DataTypes) => {
 		static fields = [
 			{
 				key: "name",
-				label: "Assignment Name:",
-				placeholder: "Assignment 1",
+				label: "assignments.fields.name.label",
+				placeholder: "assignments.fields.name.placeholder",
 				type: "text",
 				required: true,
 				default: "",
 			},
 			{
 				key: "description",
-				label: "Description:",
-				help: "Optional description shown for this assignment.",
+				label: "assignments.fields.description.label",
+				help: "assignments.fields.description.help",
 				type: "textarea",
 				required: false,
 			},
 			{
 				key: "maxRevisions",
-				label: "Maximum Revisions:",
+				label: "assignments.fields.maxRevisions.label",
 				type: "slider",
 				class: "custom-slider-class",
 				min: 1,
 				max: 20,
 				step: 1,
-				unit: "revision(s)",
+				unit: "assignments.fields.maxRevisions.unit",
 				unlimitedAtMax: true,
-				unlimitedLabel: "unlimited",
+				unlimitedLabel: "assignments.fields.maxRevisions.unlimitedLabel",
 				unlimitedStoredValue: 0,
 				required: true,
 				default: 1,
-				help: "Maximum number of allowed revision copies for this assignment. Move to the end for unlimited.",
+				help: "assignments.fields.maxRevisions.help",
 			},
 			{
 				key: "start",
-				label: "Start Time:",
+				label: "assignments.fields.start.label",
 				type: "datetime",
 				size: 6,
 				default: null,
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ module.exports = (sequelize, DataTypes) => {
 			},
 			{
 				key: "end",
-				label: "End Time:",
+				label: "assignments.fields.end.label",
 				type: "datetime",
 				size: 6,
 				default: null,
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ module.exports = (sequelize, DataTypes) => {
 			},
 			{
 				key: "validationConfigurationId",
-				label: "Validation Configuration:",
+				label: "assignments.fields.validationConfigurationId.label",
 				type: "select",
 				options: {
 					table: "configuration",
@@ -72,23 +72,23 @@ module.exports = (sequelize, DataTypes) => {
 					],
 				},
 				required: true,
-				help: "Validation is applied before submission upload.",
+				help: "assignments.fields.validationConfigurationId.help",
 			},
 			{
 				key: "allowReUpload",
-				label: "Allow Re-Upload:",
+				label: "assignments.fields.allowReUpload.label",
 				type: "switch",
 				default: false,
 				required: false,
-				help: "If enabled, users can replace or delete uploaded submissions.",
+				help: "assignments.fields.allowReUpload.help",
 			},
 			{
 				key: "notifyOnSubmissionUpload",
-				label: "Notify on Submission Upload:",
+				label: "assignments.fields.notifyOnSubmissionUpload.label",
 				type: "switch",
 				default: false,
 				required: false,
-				help: "If enabled, sends an email when a student uploads or re-uploads a submission.",
+				help: "assignments.fields.notifyOnSubmissionUpload.help",
 			},
 		];
 
diff --git a/backend/db/models/configuration.js b/backend/db/models/configuration.js
index 57caa4cc8..9cb7b8985 100644
--- a/backend/db/models/configuration.js
+++ b/backend/db/models/configuration.js
@@ -13,23 +13,23 @@ module.exports = (sequelize, DataTypes) => {
         static fields = [
             {
                 key: "name",
-                label: "Name",
-                placeholder: "Configuration name",
+                label: "basic.configuration.fields.name.label",
+                placeholder: "basic.configuration.fields.name.placeholder",
                 type: "text",
                 required: true,
                 default: "",
             },
             {
                 key: "description",
-                label: "Description",
-                placeholder: "Optional description",
+                label: "basic.configuration.fields.description.label",
+                placeholder: "basic.configuration.fields.description.placeholder",
                 type: "text",
                 required: false,
                 default: "",
             },
             {
                 key: "userId",
-                label: "User ID",
+                label: "basic.configuration.fields.userId.label",
                 placeholder: "#",
                 type: "text",
                 required: true,
@@ -37,25 +37,25 @@ module.exports = (sequelize, DataTypes) => {
             },
             {
                 key: "hideInFrontend",
-                label: "Hide in Frontend",
+                label: "basic.configuration.fields.hideInFrontend.label",
                 type: "switch",
                 required: false,
                 default: false,
             },
             {
                 key: "type",
-                label: "Type",
+                label: "basic.configuration.fields.type.label",
                 placeholder: "0",
                 type: "select",
                 options: [
-                    { name: "Assessment", value: 0 },
-                    { name: "Validation", value: 1 },
+                    { name: "basic.configuration.types.assessment", value: 0 },
+                    { name: "basic.configuration.types.validation", value: 1 },
                 ],
                 required: true,
             },
             {
                 key: "content",
-                label: "Config (JSON)",
+                label: "basic.configuration.fields.content.label",
                 placeholder: "{ }",
                 type: "json",
                 required: true,
diff --git a/backend/db/models/document.js b/backend/db/models/document.js
index 90a7adeda..b88f34c3b 100644
--- a/backend/db/models/document.js
+++ b/backend/db/models/document.js
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ const MetaModel = require("../MetaModel.js");
 const path = require("path");
 const fs = require('fs')
 const SequelizeSimpleCache = require("sequelize-simple-cache");
+const TranslatableError = require("../../utils/TranslatableError");
 const UPLOAD_PATH = `${__dirname}/../../../files`;
 
 
@@ -30,15 +31,15 @@ module.exports = (sequelize, DataTypes) => {
         static fields = [
             {
                 key: "name",
-                label: "Name of the document:",
-                placeholder: "My document",
+                label: "documents.fields.name.label",
+                placeholder: "documents.fields.name.placeholder",
                 type: "text",
                 required: true,
                 default: "",
             },
             {
                 key: "hash",
-                label: "Hash ID of the document",
+                label: "documents.fields.hash.label",
                 placeholder: "#",
                 type: "text",
                 required: false,
@@ -46,7 +47,7 @@ module.exports = (sequelize, DataTypes) => {
             },
             {
                 key: "userId",
-                label: "User ID of the document",
+                label: "documents.fields.userId.label",
                 placeholder: "#",
                 type: "text",
                 required: false,
@@ -54,7 +55,7 @@ module.exports = (sequelize, DataTypes) => {
             },
             {
                 key: "public",
-                label: "Is the document published?",
+                label: "documents.fields.publicSwitch",
                 type: "switch",
                 required: false,
                 default: false
@@ -92,7 +93,7 @@ module.exports = (sequelize, DataTypes) => {
 
             const originalDoc = await Document.findByPk(documentId, {transaction: options.transaction});
             if (!originalDoc) {
-                throw new Error(`Document with id ${documentId} not found`);
+                throw new TranslatableError("errors.documents.withIdNotFound", {documentId});
             }
 
             // Create base document data
@@ -269,12 +270,15 @@ module.exports = (sequelize, DataTypes) => {
                 const doc = await Document.findByPk(documentId, {raw: true});
 
                 if (!doc) {
-                    throw new Error(`Document ${documentId} not found`);
+                    throw new TranslatableError("errors.documents.byIdNotFound", {documentId});
                 }
 
                 return await Document.encodeDocumentFileToBase64(doc);
             } catch (err) {
-                throw new Error(`Error processing document ${documentId}: ${err.message}`)
+                if (err.key) {
+                    throw err;
+                }
+                throw new TranslatableError("errors.documents.processingError", {documentId, message: err.message})
             }
         }
 
@@ -300,14 +304,14 @@ module.exports = (sequelize, DataTypes) => {
             try {
                 await fs.promises.access(docFilePath, fs.constants.F_OK);
             } catch {
-                throw new Error(`File not found for document ${doc.id}: ${docFilePath}`);
+                throw new TranslatableError("errors.documents.fileNotFound", {documentId: doc.id, filePath: docFilePath});
             }
 
             try {
                 const fileBuffer = await fs.promises.readFile(docFilePath);
                 return fileBuffer.toString('base64');
             } catch (err) {
-                throw new Error(`Error reading document file ${doc.id}: ${err.message}`);
+                throw new TranslatableError("errors.documents.readError", {documentId: doc.id, message: err.message});
             }
         }
 
diff --git a/backend/db/models/project.js b/backend/db/models/project.js
index 073724ba8..c263527ef 100644
--- a/backend/db/models/project.js
+++ b/backend/db/models/project.js
@@ -10,23 +10,23 @@ module.exports = (sequelize, DataTypes) => {
         static fields = [
             {
                 key: "name",
-                label: "Name of the project:",
-                placeholder: "My project",
+                label: "dashboard.projects.fields.name.label",
+                placeholder: "dashboard.projects.fields.name.placeholder",
                 type: "text",
                 required: true,
                 default: "",
             },
             {
                 key: "description",
-                label: "Description of the project:",
-                placeholder: "My project description",
+                label: "dashboard.projects.fields.description.label",
+                placeholder: "dashboard.projects.fields.description.placeholder",
                 type: "textarea",
                 required: false,
                 default: "",
             },
             {
                 key: "public",
-                label: "Is the project public?",
+                label: "dashboard.projects.fields.publicSwitch",
                 type: "switch",
                 required: false,
                 default: false
diff --git a/backend/db/models/setting.js b/backend/db/models/setting.js
index d4e6861c6..e691e4066 100644
--- a/backend/db/models/setting.js
+++ b/backend/db/models/setting.js
@@ -163,6 +163,7 @@ module.exports = (sequelize, DataTypes) => {
         displayGroup: DataTypes.STRING,
         displaySubsection: DataTypes.STRING,
         onlyAdmin: DataTypes.BOOLEAN,
+        allowUserOverride: DataTypes.BOOLEAN,
         showInWizard: DataTypes.BOOLEAN,
         wizardOrder: DataTypes.INTEGER,
         requiredInWizard: DataTypes.BOOLEAN,
diff --git a/backend/db/models/study.js b/backend/db/models/study.js
index ca7e32101..3d0fbf65a 100644
--- a/backend/db/models/study.js
+++ b/backend/db/models/study.js
@@ -25,8 +25,8 @@ module.exports = (sequelize, DataTypes) => {
 
         static fields = [{
             key: "name",
-            label: "Name of the study:",
-            placeholder: "My user study",
+            label: "studies.fields.name.label",
+            placeholder: "studies.fields.name.placeholder",
             type: "text",
             required: true, //pattern: "^(\\d+)",
             //invalidText: "Test invalid text",
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ module.exports = (sequelize, DataTypes) => {
             maxlength: 5
         }, {
             key: "workflowId",
-            label: "Select Workflow for Study:",
+            label: "studies.fields.workflowId.label",
             type: "select",
             options: {
                 table: "workflow",
@@ -49,10 +49,10 @@ module.exports = (sequelize, DataTypes) => {
             },
             icon: "list",
             required: true,
-            help: "Choose a workflow template for the study steps."
+            help: "studies.fields.workflowId.help"
         }, {
             key: "tagSetId",
-            label: "Tag set for the study:",
+            label: "studies.fields.tagSetId.label",
             type: "select",
             options: {
                 table: "tag_set",
@@ -66,10 +66,10 @@ module.exports = (sequelize, DataTypes) => {
             },
             icon: "list",
             required: true,
-            help: "Select a tag set to use in the study."
+            help: "studies.fields.tagSetId.help"
         }, {
             key: "stepDocuments",
-            label: "Assign Documents to Workflow Steps:",
+            label: "studies.fields.stepDocuments.label",
             type: "choice",
             options: {
                 table: "study_step",
@@ -104,93 +104,93 @@ module.exports = (sequelize, DataTypes) => {
             required: true,
         }, {
             key: "description",
-            label: "Description of the study:",
-            help: "This text will be displayed at the beginning of the user study!",
+            label: "studies.fields.description.label",
+            help: "studies.fields.description.help",
             type: "editor",
             required: true
         }, {
             key: "enableEmailNotifications",
-            label: "Send email notification on session start/finish",
+            label: "studies.fields.enableEmailNotifications.label",
             type: "switch",
             default: false,
-            help: "When enabled, the study owner receives an email each time a participant starts or finishes a session."
+            help: "studies.fields.enableEmailNotifications.help"
         }, {
             key: "timeLimit",
             type: "slider",
-            label: "How much time does a participant have for the study?",
-            help: "0 = disable time limitation",
+            label: "studies.fields.timeLimit.label",
+            help: "studies.fields.timeLimit.help",
             size: 12,
-            unit: "min",
+            unit: "studies.units.minutes",
             min: 0,
             max: 180,
             step: 1,
             default: 0,
-            textMapping: [{from: 0, to: "unlimited"}],
+            textMapping: [{from: 0, to: "studies.values.unlimited"}],
             advanced: true
         }, {
             key: "limitSessions",
             type: "slider",
-            label: "Limit the number of sessions for the study:",
-            help: "Set the maximum number of times participants can start or resume the study. Each attempt to complete the study is called a session. 0 = unlimited number of sessions.",
+            label: "studies.fields.limitSessions.label",
+            help: "studies.fields.limitSessions.help",
             size: 12,
-            unit: "Session(s)",
+            unit: "studies.units.sessions",
             min: 0,
             max: 200,
             step: 1,
             default: 0,
-            textMapping: [{from: 0, to: "unlimited"}],
+            textMapping: [{from: 0, to: "studies.values.unlimited"}],
             advanced: true
         }, {
             key: "limitSessionsPerUser",
             type: "slider",
-            label: "Limit the number of sessions per user for the study:",
-            help: "Set the maximum number of times each participant can start or resume the study. Each attempt to complete the study is called a session. 0 = unlimited number of sessions per user.",
+            label: "studies.fields.limitSessionsPerUser.label",
+            help: "studies.fields.limitSessionsPerUser.help",
             size: 12,
-            unit: "Session(s)",
+            unit: "studies.units.sessions",
             min: 0,
             max: 200,
             step: 1,
             default: 0,
-            textMapping: [{from: 0, to: "unlimited"}],
+            textMapping: [{from: 0, to: "studies.values.unlimited"}],
             advanced: true
         }, {
             key: "start",
-            label: "Study sessions can't start before",
+            label: "studies.fields.start.label",
             type: "datetime",
             size: 6,
             default: null,
             advanced: true
         }, {
             key: "end",
-            label: "Study sessions can't start after:",
+            label: "studies.fields.end.label",
             type: "datetime",
             size: 6,
             default: null,
             advanced: true
         }, {
             key: "collab",
-            label: "Should the study be collaborative?",
+            label: "studies.fields.collab.label",
             type: "switch",
             default: false,
             advanced: true
         }, {
             key: "anonymize",
-            label: "Should the comments be anonymized?",
+            label: "studies.fields.anonymize.label",
             type: "switch",
             default: false,
             advanced: true
         }, {
             key: "resumable",
-            label: "Should the study be resumable?",
+            label: "studies.fields.resumable.label",
             type: "switch",
             default: false,
             advanced: true
         }, {
             key: "multipleSubmit",
-            label: "Allow multiple submissions?",
+            label: "studies.fields.multipleSubmit.label",
             type: "switch",
             default: false,
-            help: "Specify whether participants can submit their study multiple times.",
+            help: "studies.fields.multipleSubmit.help",
             advanced: true
         },];
 
@@ -204,13 +204,13 @@ module.exports = (sequelize, DataTypes) => {
             const study = await sequelize.models.study.getById(studyId);
             if (study) {
                 if (study.closed) {
-                    throw new Error('This study is closed');
+                    throw new Error('errors.studies.studyClosed');
                 }
                 if (!study.multipleSubmit && study.end && new Date(study.end) < new Date()) {
-                    throw new Error('This study has ended');
+                    throw new Error('errors.studies.studyEnded');
                 }
             } else {
-                throw new Error('Study not found');
+                throw new Error('errors.studies.studyNotFound');
             }
         }
 
@@ -432,7 +432,7 @@ module.exports = (sequelize, DataTypes) => {
             afterCreate: async (study, options) => {
 
                 if (!options.context || !options.context.stepDocuments) {
-                    throw new Error("Missing context or stepDocuments in options. Cancelling transaction.");
+                    throw new Error("errors.studies.missingContextOrStepDocuments");
                 }
 
                 await Study.createStudySteps(study, options);
diff --git a/backend/db/models/study_session.js b/backend/db/models/study_session.js
index 51855ddcd..a04874bb0 100644
--- a/backend/db/models/study_session.js
+++ b/backend/db/models/study_session.js
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 'use strict';
 const MetaModel = require("../MetaModel.js");
 const SequelizeSimpleCache = require("sequelize-simple-cache");
+const TranslatableError = require("../../utils/TranslatableError");
 
 module.exports = (sequelize, DataTypes) => {
     class StudySession extends MetaModel {
@@ -35,7 +36,7 @@ module.exports = (sequelize, DataTypes) => {
         static async checkSessionAvailability(studyId, userId, options) {
             const study = await sequelize.models.study.getById(studyId, {transaction: options.transaction});
             if (!study) {
-                throw new Error('Study not found');
+                throw new Error('errors.studies.studyNotFound');
             }
             // Check for limited study sessions
             if (study.limitSessions !== null && study.limitSessions > 0) {
@@ -43,7 +44,7 @@ module.exports = (sequelize, DataTypes) => {
                     where: {studyId: studyId}
                 }, {transaction: options.transaction});
                 if (totalExistingSessionCount >= study.limitSessions) {
-                    throw new Error(`Cannot create more than ${study.limitSessions} sessions for this study.`);
+                    throw new TranslatableError('errors.studies.sessionLimitExceeded', {limit: study.limitSessions});
                 }
             }
             // Check for limited study sessions per user
@@ -52,15 +53,15 @@ module.exports = (sequelize, DataTypes) => {
                     where: {studyId: studyId, userId: userId}
                 }, {transaction: options.transaction});
                 if (existingSessionCountPerUser >= study.limitSessionsPerUser) {
-                    throw new Error(`Cannot create more than ${study.limitSessionsPerUser} sessions for this user.`);
+                    throw new TranslatableError('errors.studies.sessionLimitPerUserExceeded', {limit: study.limitSessionsPerUser});
                 }
             }
             // Check for study closed or end date and start date
             if (study.closed && Date.now() > new Date(study.end)) {
-                throw new Error('This study is closed');
+                throw new Error('errors.studies.studyClosed');
             }
             if (study.start !== null && new Date() < new Date(study.start)) {
-                throw new Error('This study has not started yet');
+                throw new Error('errors.studies.studyNotStarted');
             }
         }
 
@@ -76,7 +77,7 @@ module.exports = (sequelize, DataTypes) => {
         static async duplicateStudySession(studySessionId, overrides= {}, options) {
             const studySession = await this.getById(studySessionId, {transaction: options.transaction});
             if (!studySession) {
-                throw new Error('Study session not found');
+                throw new Error('errors.studies.studySession.notFound');
             }
             let data = {
                 studyId: studySession.studyId,
diff --git a/backend/db/models/study_step.js b/backend/db/models/study_step.js
index 5c3d7f50e..61cf60698 100644
--- a/backend/db/models/study_step.js
+++ b/backend/db/models/study_step.js
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ const MetaModel = require("../MetaModel.js");
 const path = require("path");
 const {promises: fs} = require("fs");
 const {applyTemplateToDocument} = require("../../utils/documentTemplateHelper.js");
+const TranslatableError = require("../../utils/TranslatableError");
 const UPLOAD_PATH = `${__dirname}/../../../files`;
 
 const stepTypes = Object.freeze({
@@ -31,7 +32,7 @@ module.exports = (sequelize, DataTypes) => {
         static fields = [
             {
                 key: "documentId",
-                label: "Select Document",
+                label: "dashboard.documents.fields.selectDoc",
                 type: "select",
                 options: {
                     table: "document",
@@ -53,7 +54,7 @@ module.exports = (sequelize, DataTypes) => {
                     additionalOptions: [
                         {
                             type: sequelize.models.document.docTypes.DOC_TYPE_HTML,
-                            name: "New Empty Document",
+                            name: "dashboard.documents.fields.newEmptyDoc",
                             value: null
                         }
                     ]
@@ -76,7 +77,7 @@ module.exports = (sequelize, DataTypes) => {
                 }, ...options,
             });
             if (!firstStep) {
-                throw new Error("No first step found for this study");
+                throw new Error("errors.studies.studyStep.notFound");
             } else {
                 return firstStep;
             }
@@ -136,7 +137,7 @@ module.exports = (sequelize, DataTypes) => {
                                 })
 
                                 if (!referencedStudyStep) {
-                                    throw new Error(`Referenced study step not found for workflow step ${originalEntry.id}`);
+                                    throw new TranslatableError("errors.studies.studyStep.referencedStepNotFound", {originalEntryId: originalEntry.id});
                                 }
 
                                 const referencedDocument = await sequelize.models.document.getById(
@@ -144,7 +145,7 @@ module.exports = (sequelize, DataTypes) => {
                                     {transaction: options.transaction});
 
                                 if (!referencedDocument) {
-                                    throw new Error(`Referenced document not found for study step ${referencedStudyStep.id}`);
+                                    throw new TranslatableError("errors.studies.studyStep.referencedDocumentNotFound", {referencedStudyStepId: referencedStudyStep.id});
                                 }
 
                                 // Copy the delta file from the referenced document to the new document
@@ -199,11 +200,17 @@ module.exports = (sequelize, DataTypes) => {
 
                     // Check if document exists!
                     if (!document) {
-                        throw new Error(`Document not found: documentId ${data.documentId} is missing for step ${data.workflowStepId}`);
+                        throw new TranslatableError("errors.studies.studyStep.documentNotFoundExact", {
+                            dataDocumentId: data.documentId,
+                            dataWorkflowStepId: data.workflowStepId,
+                        });
                     }
                     // Check document mismatch
                     if (document.type !== expectedDocType) {
-                        throw new Error(`Document type mismatch: step ${data.workflowStepId} expects an Editor document (type 1), but found type ${document.type}.`);
+                        throw new TranslatableError("errors.studies.studyStep.documentTypeMismatch", {
+                            dataWorkflowStepId: data.workflowStepId,
+                            documentType: document.type,
+                        });
                     }
 
                     const newDocument = await sequelize.models.document.add({
diff --git a/backend/db/models/submission.js b/backend/db/models/submission.js
index 9f6760d41..60666c52b 100644
--- a/backend/db/models/submission.js
+++ b/backend/db/models/submission.js
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ const MetaModel = require("../MetaModel.js");
 const {Op} = require("sequelize");
 const fs = require("fs");
 const path = require("path");
+const TranslatableError = require("../../utils/TranslatableError");
 
 const UPLOAD_PATH = `${__dirname}/../../../files`;
 
@@ -148,7 +149,7 @@ module.exports = (sequelize, DataTypes) => {
             });
 
             if (!originalSubmission) {
-                throw new Error(`Submission with id ${originalSubmissionId} not found`);
+                throw new TranslatableError("errors.submission.notFound", {submissionId: originalSubmissionId});
             }
 
             // Create the copied submission with parentSubmissionId and apply submission overrides
@@ -196,9 +197,10 @@ module.exports = (sequelize, DataTypes) => {
                     );
                     copiedDocuments.push(copiedDoc);
                 } catch (error) {
-                    throw new Error(
-                        `Failed to copy document with id ${originalDoc.id}: ${error.message}`
-                    );
+                    if (error.key) {
+                        throw error;
+                    }
+                    throw new TranslatableError("errors.submission.documentCopyFailed", {documentId: originalDoc.id, message: error.message});
                 }
             }
 
@@ -241,7 +243,7 @@ module.exports = (sequelize, DataTypes) => {
             );
 
             if (Object.keys(submissionFiles).length === 0) {
-                throw new Error(`No valid files found for submission ${submissionId}`);
+                throw new TranslatableError("errors.submission.noValidFiles", {submissionId});
             }
 
             return submissionFiles;
diff --git a/backend/db/models/tag.js b/backend/db/models/tag.js
index c351afa3f..85eb0c12a 100644
--- a/backend/db/models/tag.js
+++ b/backend/db/models/tag.js
@@ -7,35 +7,35 @@ module.exports = (sequelize, DataTypes) => {
         static fields = [
             {
                 key: "name",
-                label: "Name",
-                placeholder: "Name of the Tag",
+                label: "common.name",
+                placeholder: "tags.fields.tag.name.placeholder",
                 type: "text",
                 required: true,
                 default: "",
             },
             {
                 key: "colorCode",
-                label: "Color",
+                label: "tags.fields.tag.color.label",
                 type: "select",
                 default: "info",
                 options: [
                     {
-                        name: "info",
+                        name: "tags.tag.form.colorCode.options.info",
                         value: "info",
                         class: "border border-info"
                     },
                     {
-                        name: "warning",
+                        name: "tags.tag.form.colorCode.options.warning",
                         value: "warning",
                         class: "border border-warning"
                     },
                     {
-                        name: "success",
+                        name: "tags.tag.form.colorCode.options.success",
                         value: "success",
                         class: "border-2 border-success"
                     },
                     {
-                        name: "danger",
+                        name: "tags.tag.form.colorCode.options.danger",
                         value: "danger",
                         class: "border-2 border-danger"
                     },
@@ -44,8 +44,8 @@ module.exports = (sequelize, DataTypes) => {
             },
             {
                 key: "description",
-                label: "Description",
-                placeholder: "Tag description",
+                label: "common.description",
+                placeholder: "tags.fields.tag.description.placeholder",
                 type: "text",
                 required: true,
                 default: "",
diff --git a/backend/db/models/tag_set.js b/backend/db/models/tag_set.js
index 2c02b9369..bc7e185d1 100644
--- a/backend/db/models/tag_set.js
+++ b/backend/db/models/tag_set.js
@@ -7,23 +7,23 @@ module.exports = (sequelize, DataTypes) => {
         static fields = [
             {
                 key: "name",
-                label: "Name of the Tagset:",
-                placeholder: "My tagset",
+                label: "tags.fields.name.label",
+                placeholder: "tags.fields.name.placeholder",
                 type: "text",
                 required: true,
                 default: "",
             },
             {
                 key: "description",
-                label: "Description of the Tagset:",
-                placeholder: "Tagset description",
+                label: "tags.fields.description.label",
+                placeholder: "tags.fields.description.placeholder",
                 type: "text",
                 required: true,
                 default: "",
             },
             {
                 key: "tags",
-                label: "Tags:",
+                label: "tags.fields.tags.label",
                 type: "table",
                 options: {
                     table: "tag", id: "tagSetId"
diff --git a/backend/db/models/template.js b/backend/db/models/template.js
index bc160884a..dd5d7767e 100644
--- a/backend/db/models/template.js
+++ b/backend/db/models/template.js
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 'use strict';
 const MetaModel = require("../MetaModel.js");
+const TranslatableError = require("../../utils/TranslatableError");
 const { assertStableEmailTemplateContent } = require("../../utils/templateResolver");
 
 module.exports = (sequelize, DataTypes) => {
@@ -112,61 +113,61 @@ module.exports = (sequelize, DataTypes) => {
         static fields = [
             {
                 key: "name",
-                label: "Name",
+                label: "common.name", 
                 type: "text",
                 required: true,
             },
             {
                 key: "description",
-                label: "Description",
+                label: "common.description",
                 type: "textarea",
                 required: true
             },
             // Published field is excluded from form (handled via table action buttons only)
             {
                 key: "type",
-                label: "Type",
+                label: "common.type",
                 type: "select",
                 required: true,
                 options: [
                     {
-                        name: "Choose type", 
+                        name: "templates.fields.type.options.chooseType",
                         value: null, 
                         disabled: true
                     },
                     {
-                        name: "Email - General", 
+                        name: "templates.fields.type.options.emailGeneral",
                         value: 1
                     },
                     {
-                        name: "Email - Study Session", 
+                        name: "templates.fields.type.options.emailStudySession",
                         value: 2
                     },
                     {
-                        name: "Email - Assignment", 
+                        name: "templates.fields.type.options.emailAssignment",
                         value: 3
                     },
                     {
-                        name: "Email - Study Close", 
+                        name: "templates.fields.type.options.emailStudyClose",
                         value: 6
                     },
                     {
-                        name: "Email - Submission upload",
+                        name: "templates.fields.type.options.emailSubmissionUpload",
                         value: 7
                     },
                     {
-                        name: "Document - General", 
+                        name: "templates.fields.type.options.documentGeneral", 
                         value: 4
                     },
                     {
-                        name: "Document - Study", 
+                        name: "templates.fields.type.options.documentStudy",
                         value: 5
                     }
                 ],
             },
             {
                 key: "defaultLanguage",
-                label: "Default language",
+                label: "templates.fields.defaultLanguage.label",
                 type: "select",
                 required: true,
                 options: [
@@ -192,13 +193,13 @@ module.exports = (sequelize, DataTypes) => {
 
             const source = await Template.findByPk(sourceTemplateId, { transaction });
             if (!source) {
-                throw new Error(`Template with id ${sourceTemplateId} not found`);
+                throw new TranslatableError("errors.templates.withIdNotFound", {sourceTemplateId});
             }
             if (!source.public) {
-                throw new Error("Only public templates can be copied");
+                throw new Error("errors.templates.onlyPublicCanBeCopied");
             }
             if (source.userId === userId) {
-                throw new Error("Cannot copy your own template");
+                throw new Error("errors.templates.cannotCopyOwn");
             }
 
             // Prevent duplicate copy (unless overrides.force is true)
@@ -208,7 +209,7 @@ module.exports = (sequelize, DataTypes) => {
                     transaction,
                 });
                 if (existing) {
-                    throw new Error("You have already copied this template");
+                    throw new Error("errors.templates.alreadyCopied");
                 }
             }
 
@@ -336,12 +337,12 @@ module.exports = (sequelize, DataTypes) => {
 
             const copy = await Template.findByPk(copyId, { transaction });
             if (!copy || !copy.sourceId) {
-                throw new Error("Template is not a copy or does not exist");
+                throw new Error("errors.templates.notCopyOrDoesNotExist");
             }
 
             const source = await Template.findByPk(copy.sourceId, { transaction });
             if (!source || source.deleted) {
-                throw new Error("Source template is no longer available");
+                throw new Error("errors.templates.sourceNoLongerAvailable");
             }
 
             // 1. Get all source language content
@@ -422,10 +423,10 @@ module.exports = (sequelize, DataTypes) => {
         static async detach(copyId, options = {}) {
             const copy = await Template.findByPk(copyId, { transaction: options.transaction });
             if (!copy) {
-                throw new Error("Template not found");
+                throw new Error("errors.templates.notFound");
             }
             if (!copy.sourceId) {
-                throw new Error("Template is not a copy");
+                throw new Error("errors.templates.notACopy");
             }
             await copy.update({ sourceId: null }, { transaction: options.transaction });
             return await Template.findByPk(copyId, { transaction: options.transaction });
@@ -469,7 +470,7 @@ module.exports = (sequelize, DataTypes) => {
                         template.public === false
                     ) {
                         throw new Error(
-                            "Cannot make a template non-public once it has been made public"
+                            "errors.templates.cannotMakeNonPublic"
                         );
                     }
 
@@ -492,7 +493,7 @@ module.exports = (sequelize, DataTypes) => {
 
                     if (template.userId !== options.callerUserId) {
                         throw new Error(
-                            "You can only update templates that you own"
+                            "errors.templates.updateOwnOnly"
                         );
                     }
 
@@ -503,7 +504,7 @@ module.exports = (sequelize, DataTypes) => {
                         prevSourceId != null &&
                         nextSourceId != null
                     ) {
-                        throw new Error("Copied templates cannot be edited");
+                        throw new Error("errors.templates.copiedCannotBeEdited");
                     }
                 }
             }
diff --git a/backend/db/models/user.js b/backend/db/models/user.js
index 8677cb114..edd052ec0 100644
--- a/backend/db/models/user.js
+++ b/backend/db/models/user.js
@@ -359,7 +359,7 @@ module.exports = (sequelize, DataTypes) => {
                 });
 
                 if (!user) {
-                    throw new Error("User not found");
+                    throw new Error("errors.users.userNotFound");
                 }
                 const userDetails = user.get({plain: true});
                 userDetails.roles = userDetails.roles.map((role) => {
@@ -449,16 +449,16 @@ module.exports = (sequelize, DataTypes) => {
          */
         static validatePasswordContent(pwd) {
             if (typeof pwd !== "string" || pwd.length < 8) {
-                throw new Error("Password must be at least 8 characters.");
+                throw new Error("errors.validation.auth.passwordMinLengthNoLong");
             }
             if (/^\s*$/.test(pwd)) {
-                throw new Error("Password cannot be only spaces or whitespace.");
+                throw new Error("errors.validation.auth.passwordWhitespaceOnly");
             }
             if (/[\x00-\x1F\x7F]/.test(pwd)) {
-                throw new Error("Password cannot contain control or non-printable characters.");
+                throw new Error("errors.validation.auth.passwordControlChars");
             }
             if ([...pwd].some((c) => (c.codePointAt(0) || 0) > 0xFFFF)) {
-                throw new Error("Password cannot contain emojis or special symbols. Use letters, numbers, and standard punctuation.");
+                throw new Error("errors.validation.auth.passwordUnsupportedCharacters");
             }
         }
 
@@ -482,7 +482,7 @@ module.exports = (sequelize, DataTypes) => {
                 );
 
                 if (updatedRowsCount === 0) {
-                    throw new Error("Failed to update user: User not found");
+                    throw new Error("errors.users.failedToUpdateUser");
                 }
                 // clear the user cache so the updated pwd is loaded immediately
                 if (User.cache){
diff --git a/backend/db/models/user_setting.js b/backend/db/models/user_setting.js
index 88f909ff8..8fc8cc999 100644
--- a/backend/db/models/user_setting.js
+++ b/backend/db/models/user_setting.js
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 'use strict';
 const MetaModel = require("../MetaModel.js");
 const {Op} = require("sequelize");
+const TranslatableError = require("../../utils/TranslatableError");
 
 module.exports = (sequelize, DataTypes) => {
     class UserSetting extends MetaModel {
@@ -16,6 +17,37 @@ module.exports = (sequelize, DataTypes) => {
             });
         }
 
+        /**
+         * Reject user_setting rows that would override a system setting without allowUserOverride.
+         * Admin bulk updates pass { bypassSystemSettingCheck: true } in Sequelize options.
+         *
+         * @param {string} key
+         * @param {Object} [options]
+         * @returns {Promise<void>}
+         */
+        static async assertKeyAllowedForUserSetting(key, options = {}) {
+            if (options.bypassSystemSettingCheck) {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            const Setting = sequelize.models["setting"];
+            if (!Setting) {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            const systemSetting = await Setting.findOne({
+                where: { key, deleted: false },
+                attributes: ["key", "allowUserOverride"],
+                raw: true,
+            });
+
+            if (!systemSetting || systemSetting.allowUserOverride) {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            throw new TranslatableError("errors.settings.cannotOverrideSystemSetting", { key });
+        }
+
         /**
          * Get a setting by key and user id
          * @param {string} key
@@ -39,9 +71,10 @@ module.exports = (sequelize, DataTypes) => {
          * @param {string} key
          * @param {string} value
          * @param {number} userId
+         * @param {Object} [options] passed to create/update (e.g. bypassSystemSettingCheck for admin)
          * @returns {Promise<string>} value
          */
-        static async set(key, value, userId) {
+        static async set(key, value, userId, options = {}) {
             try {
                 const dbObj = {
                     userId: userId,
@@ -49,10 +82,10 @@ module.exports = (sequelize, DataTypes) => {
                     value: value
                 };
 
-                return await UserSetting.create(dbObj).then((msg) => {
+                return await UserSetting.create(dbObj, options).then((msg) => {
                     return msg;
                 }).catch(async (err) => {
-                    return await UserSetting.update({value: value}, {where: {[Op.and]: [{userId: userId}, {key: key}]}});
+                    return await UserSetting.update({value: value}, {where: {[Op.and]: [{userId: userId}, {key: key}]}, ...options});
                 });
             } catch (e) {
                 console.log(e);
@@ -68,7 +101,15 @@ module.exports = (sequelize, DataTypes) => {
     }, {
         sequelize,
         modelName: 'user_setting',
-        tableName: 'user_setting'
+        tableName: 'user_setting',
+        hooks: {
+            beforeCreate: async (instance, options) => {
+                await UserSetting.assertKeyAllowedForUserSetting(instance.key, options);
+            },
+            beforeUpdate: async (instance, options) => {
+                await UserSetting.assertKeyAllowedForUserSetting(instance.key, options);
+            },
+        },
     });
 
     UserSetting.removeAttribute('id');
diff --git a/backend/db/models/workflow.js b/backend/db/models/workflow.js
index c3dfa3e94..e0c3f0b69 100644
--- a/backend/db/models/workflow.js
+++ b/backend/db/models/workflow.js
@@ -14,26 +14,26 @@ module.exports = (sequelize, DataTypes) => {
     static fields = [
         {
             key: "name",
-            label: "Name of the Workflow:",
-            placeholder: "My workflow",
+            label: "workflow.fields.name.label",
+            placeholder: "workflow.fields.name.placeholder",
             type: "text",
             required: true,
             default: "",
         },
         {
             key: "description",
-            label: "Description of the Workflow:",
-            placeholder: "Workflow description",
+            label: "workflow.fields.description.label",
+            placeholder: "workflow.fields.description.placeholder",
             type: "text",
             required: true,
             default: "",
         },
         {
             key: "hideInFrontend",
-            label: "Hide Workflow in Frontend:",
+            label: "workflow.fields.hideInFrontend.label",
             type: "switch",
             default: false,
-            help: "If enabled, this workflow will be hidden from users in the frontend."
+            help: "workflow.fields.hideInFrontend.help"
         }
     ]
 
diff --git a/backend/db/models/workflow_step.js b/backend/db/models/workflow_step.js
index 5dbe13693..546a2acdf 100644
--- a/backend/db/models/workflow_step.js
+++ b/backend/db/models/workflow_step.js
@@ -17,8 +17,8 @@ module.exports = (sequelize, DataTypes) => {
 
         static fields = [{
             key: "name",
-            label: "Name of the workflow step:",
-            placeholder: "My workflow step",
+            label: "workflow.fields.step.name.label",
+            placeholder: "workflow.fields.step.name.placeholder",
             type: "text",
             required: true,
             default: "",
@@ -26,31 +26,31 @@ module.exports = (sequelize, DataTypes) => {
             maxlength: 100
         }, {
             key: "stepType",
-            label: "Select Step Type:",
+            label: "workflow.fields.step.stepType.label",
             type: "select",
             options: [
-                { value: 1, name: "Annotator" },
-                { value: 2, name: "Editor" },
-                { value: 3, name: "Modal" }
+                { value: 1, name: "workflow.stepTypes.annotator" },
+                { value: 2, name: "workflow.stepTypes.editor" },
+                { value: 3, name: "workflow.stepTypes.modal" }
             ],
             icon: "list",
             required: true,
             default: 2,
-            help: "Choose the type of workflow step."
+            help: "workflow.fields.step.stepType.help"
         }, {
             key: "allowBackward",
-            label: "Allow Backward Navigation:",
+            label: "workflow.fields.step.allowBackward.label",
             type: "switch",
             default: false,
-            help: "Allow users to navigate back to this step."
+            help: "workflow.fields.step.allowBackward.help"
         },{
             key: "configuration",
-            label: "Configuration:",
-            placeholder: "Enter JSON configuration for this step",
+            label: "workflow.fields.step.configuration.label",
+            placeholder: "workflow.fields.step.configuration.placeholder",
             type: "json",
             required: false,
             default: {},
-            help: "Additional configuration settings for this workflow step in JSON format."
+            help: "workflow.fields.step.configuration.help"
         }];
 
         /**
diff --git a/backend/package-lock.json b/backend/package-lock.json
index c8ac72d58..e10abd5fa 100644
--- a/backend/package-lock.json
+++ b/backend/package-lock.json
@@ -56,7 +56,8 @@
       },
       "devDependencies": {
         "cross-env": "^10.1.0",
-        "jest": "^30.2.0"
+        "jest": "^30.2.0",
+        "nodemon": "^3.1.10"
       },
       "engines": {
         "node": ">=18.0.0"
@@ -2451,6 +2452,19 @@
       "integrity": "sha512-V/Hy/X9Vt7f3BbPJEi8BdVFMByHi+jNXrYkW3huaybV/kQ0KJg0Y6PkEMbn+zeT+i+SiKZ/HMqJGIIt4LZDqNQ==",
       "license": "MIT"
     },
+    "node_modules/binary-extensions": {
+      "version": "2.3.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/binary-extensions/-/binary-extensions-2.3.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-Ceh+7ox5qe7LJuLHoY0feh3pHuUDHAcRUeyL2VYghZwfpkNIy/+8Ocg0a3UuSoYzavmylwuLWQOf3hl0jjMMIw==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=8"
+      },
+      "funding": {
+        "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/sindresorhus"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/bluebird": {
       "version": "3.7.2",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/bluebird/-/bluebird-3.7.2.tgz",
@@ -2496,6 +2510,19 @@
         "balanced-match": "^1.0.0"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/braces": {
+      "version": "3.0.3",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/braces/-/braces-3.0.3.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-yQbXgO/OSZVD2IsiLlro+7Hf6Q18EJrKSEsdoMzKePKXct3gvD8oLcOQdIzGupr5Fj+EDe8gO/lxc1BzfMpxvA==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "fill-range": "^7.1.1"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=8"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/browserslist": {
       "version": "4.28.2",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/browserslist/-/browserslist-4.28.2.tgz",
@@ -2706,6 +2733,31 @@
         "node": "*"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/chokidar": {
+      "version": "3.6.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/chokidar/-/chokidar-3.6.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-7VT13fmjotKpGipCW9JEQAusEPE+Ei8nl6/g4FBAmIm0GOOLMua9NDDo/DWp0ZAxCr3cPq5ZpBqmPAQgDda2Pw==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "anymatch": "~3.1.2",
+        "braces": "~3.0.2",
+        "glob-parent": "~5.1.2",
+        "is-binary-path": "~2.1.0",
+        "is-glob": "~4.0.1",
+        "normalize-path": "~3.0.0",
+        "readdirp": "~3.6.0"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">= 8.10.0"
+      },
+      "funding": {
+        "url": "https://paulmillr.com/funding/"
+      },
+      "optionalDependencies": {
+        "fsevents": "~2.3.2"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/ci-info": {
       "version": "4.4.0",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/ci-info/-/ci-info-4.4.0.tgz",
@@ -3848,6 +3900,19 @@
         "moment": "^2.29.1"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/fill-range": {
+      "version": "7.1.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/fill-range/-/fill-range-7.1.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-YsGpe3WHLK8ZYi4tWDg2Jy3ebRz2rXowDxnld4bkQB00cc/1Zw9AWnC0i9ztDJitivtQvaI9KaLyKrc+hBW0yg==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "to-regex-range": "^5.0.1"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=8"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/finalhandler": {
       "version": "2.1.1",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/finalhandler/-/finalhandler-2.1.1.tgz",
@@ -4143,6 +4208,19 @@
         "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/isaacs"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/glob-parent": {
+      "version": "5.1.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/glob-parent/-/glob-parent-5.1.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-AOIgSQCepiJYwP3ARnGx+5VnTu2HBYdzbGP45eLw1vr3zB3vZLeyed1sC9hnbcOc9/SrMyM5RPQrkGz4aS9Zow==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "ISC",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "is-glob": "^4.0.1"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">= 6"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/gopd": {
       "version": "1.2.0",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/gopd/-/gopd-1.2.0.tgz",
@@ -4289,6 +4367,13 @@
       ],
       "license": "BSD-3-Clause"
     },
+    "node_modules/ignore-by-default": {
+      "version": "1.0.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/ignore-by-default/-/ignore-by-default-1.0.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-Ius2VYcGNk7T90CppJqcIkS5ooHUZyIQK+ClZfMfMNFEF9VSE73Fq+906u/CWu92x4gzZMWOwfFYckPObzdEbA==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "ISC"
+    },
     "node_modules/immediate": {
       "version": "3.0.6",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/immediate/-/immediate-3.0.6.tgz",
@@ -4382,6 +4467,19 @@
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT"
     },
+    "node_modules/is-binary-path": {
+      "version": "2.1.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/is-binary-path/-/is-binary-path-2.1.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-ZMERYes6pDydyuGidse7OsHxtbI7WVeUEozgR/g7rd0xUimYNlvZRE/K2MgZTjWy725IfelLeVcEM97mmtRGXw==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "binary-extensions": "^2.0.0"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=8"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/is-buffer": {
       "version": "1.1.6",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/is-buffer/-/is-buffer-1.1.6.tgz",
@@ -4403,6 +4501,16 @@
         "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/ljharb"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/is-extglob": {
+      "version": "2.1.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/is-extglob/-/is-extglob-2.1.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-SbKbANkN603Vi4jEZv49LeVJMn4yGwsbzZworEoyEiutsN3nJYdbO36zfhGJ6QEDpOZIFkDtnq5JRxmvl3jsoQ==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=0.10.0"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/is-fullwidth-code-point": {
       "version": "3.0.0",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/is-fullwidth-code-point/-/is-fullwidth-code-point-3.0.0.tgz",
@@ -4422,6 +4530,29 @@
         "node": ">=6"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/is-glob": {
+      "version": "4.0.3",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/is-glob/-/is-glob-4.0.3.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-xelSayHH36ZgE7ZWhli7pW34hNbNl8Ojv5KVmkJD4hBdD3th8Tfk9vYasLM+mXWOZhFkgZfxhLSnrwRr4elSSg==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "is-extglob": "^2.1.1"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=0.10.0"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/is-number": {
+      "version": "7.0.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/is-number/-/is-number-7.0.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-41Cifkg6e8TylSpdtTpeLVMqvSBEVzTttHvERD741+pnZ8ANv0004MRL43QKPDlK9cGvNp6NZWZUBlbGXYxxng==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=0.12.0"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/is-promise": {
       "version": "4.0.0",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/is-promise/-/is-promise-4.0.0.tgz",
@@ -5792,6 +5923,110 @@
         "node": ">=6.0.0"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/nodemon": {
+      "version": "3.1.14",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/nodemon/-/nodemon-3.1.14.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-jakjZi93UtB3jHMWsXL68FXSAosbLfY0In5gtKq3niLSkrWznrVBzXFNOEMJUfc9+Ke7SHWoAZsiMkNP3vq6Jw==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "chokidar": "^3.5.2",
+        "debug": "^4",
+        "ignore-by-default": "^1.0.1",
+        "minimatch": "^10.2.1",
+        "pstree.remy": "^1.1.8",
+        "semver": "^7.5.3",
+        "simple-update-notifier": "^2.0.0",
+        "supports-color": "^5.5.0",
+        "touch": "^3.1.0",
+        "undefsafe": "^2.0.5"
+      },
+      "bin": {
+        "nodemon": "bin/nodemon.js"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=10"
+      },
+      "funding": {
+        "type": "opencollective",
+        "url": "https://opencollective.com/nodemon"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/nodemon/node_modules/balanced-match": {
+      "version": "4.0.4",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/balanced-match/-/balanced-match-4.0.4.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-BLrgEcRTwX2o6gGxGOCNyMvGSp35YofuYzw9h1IMTRmKqttAZZVU67bdb9Pr2vUHA8+j3i2tJfjO6C6+4myGTA==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": "18 || 20 || >=22"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/nodemon/node_modules/brace-expansion": {
+      "version": "5.0.6",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/brace-expansion/-/brace-expansion-5.0.6.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-kLpxurY4Z4r9sgMsyG0Z9uzsBlgiU/EFKhj/h91/8yHu0edo7XuixOIH3VcJ8kkxs6/jPzoI6U9Vj3WqbMQ94g==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "balanced-match": "^4.0.2"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": "18 || 20 || >=22"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/nodemon/node_modules/has-flag": {
+      "version": "3.0.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/has-flag/-/has-flag-3.0.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-sKJf1+ceQBr4SMkvQnBDNDtf4TXpVhVGateu0t918bl30FnbE2m4vNLX+VWe/dpjlb+HugGYzW7uQXH98HPEYw==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=4"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/nodemon/node_modules/minimatch": {
+      "version": "10.2.5",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/minimatch/-/minimatch-10.2.5.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-MULkVLfKGYDFYejP07QOurDLLQpcjk7Fw+7jXS2R2czRQzR56yHRveU5NDJEOviH+hETZKSkIk5c+T23GjFUMg==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "BlueOak-1.0.0",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "brace-expansion": "^5.0.5"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": "18 || 20 || >=22"
+      },
+      "funding": {
+        "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/isaacs"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/nodemon/node_modules/semver": {
+      "version": "7.8.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/semver/-/semver-7.8.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-AcM7dV/5ul4EekoQ29Agm5vri8JNqRyj39o0qpX6vDF2GZrtutZl5RwgD1XnZjiTAfncsJhMI48QQH3sN87YNA==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "ISC",
+      "bin": {
+        "semver": "bin/semver.js"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=10"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/nodemon/node_modules/supports-color": {
+      "version": "5.5.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/supports-color/-/supports-color-5.5.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-QjVjwdXIt408MIiAqCX4oUKsgU2EqAGzs2Ppkm4aQYbjm+ZEWEcW4SfFNTr4uMNZma0ey4f5lgLrkB0aX0QMow==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "has-flag": "^3.0.0"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=4"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/nopt": {
       "version": "7.2.1",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/nopt/-/nopt-7.2.1.tgz",
@@ -6498,6 +6733,13 @@
         "node": ">=10"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/pstree.remy": {
+      "version": "1.1.8",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/pstree.remy/-/pstree.remy-1.1.8.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-77DZwxQmxKnu3aR542U+X8FypNzbfJ+C5XQDk3uWjWxn6151aIMGthWYRXTqT1E5oJvg+ljaa2OJi+VfvCOQ8w==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT"
+    },
     "node_modules/pure-rand": {
       "version": "7.0.1",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/pure-rand/-/pure-rand-7.0.1.tgz",
@@ -6619,6 +6861,32 @@
         "node": ">=10"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/readdirp": {
+      "version": "3.6.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/readdirp/-/readdirp-3.6.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-hOS089on8RduqdbhvQ5Z37A0ESjsqz6qnRcffsMU3495FuTdqSm+7bhJ29JvIOsBDEEnan5DPu9t3To9VRlMzA==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "picomatch": "^2.2.1"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=8.10.0"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/readdirp/node_modules/picomatch": {
+      "version": "2.3.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/picomatch/-/picomatch-2.3.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-V7+vQEJ06Z+c5tSye8S+nHUfI51xoXIXjHQ99cQtKUkQqqO1kO/KCJUfZXuB47h/YBlDhah2H3hdUGXn8ie0oA==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=8.6"
+      },
+      "funding": {
+        "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/jonschlinkert"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/require-directory": {
       "version": "2.1.1",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/require-directory/-/require-directory-2.1.1.tgz",
@@ -7213,6 +7481,32 @@
         "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/isaacs"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/simple-update-notifier": {
+      "version": "2.0.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/simple-update-notifier/-/simple-update-notifier-2.0.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-a2B9Y0KlNXl9u/vsW6sTIu9vGEpfKu2wRV6l1H3XEas/0gUIzGzBoP/IouTcUQbm9JWZLH3COxyn03TYlFax6w==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "semver": "^7.5.3"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=10"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/simple-update-notifier/node_modules/semver": {
+      "version": "7.8.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/semver/-/semver-7.8.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-AcM7dV/5ul4EekoQ29Agm5vri8JNqRyj39o0qpX6vDF2GZrtutZl5RwgD1XnZjiTAfncsJhMI48QQH3sN87YNA==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "ISC",
+      "bin": {
+        "semver": "bin/semver.js"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=10"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/slash": {
       "version": "3.0.0",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/slash/-/slash-3.0.0.tgz",
@@ -7806,6 +8100,19 @@
       "dev": true,
       "license": "BSD-3-Clause"
     },
+    "node_modules/to-regex-range": {
+      "version": "5.0.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/to-regex-range/-/to-regex-range-5.0.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-65P7iz6X5yEr1cwcgvQxbbIw7Uk3gOy5dIdtZ4rDveLqhrdJP+Li/Hx6tyK0NEb+2GCyneCMJiGqrADCSNk8sQ==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "is-number": "^7.0.0"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=8.0"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/toidentifier": {
       "version": "1.0.1",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/toidentifier/-/toidentifier-1.0.1.tgz",
@@ -7821,6 +8128,16 @@
       "integrity": "sha512-OsLcGGbYF3rMjPUf8oKktyvCiUxSbqMMS39m33MAjLTC1DVIH6x3WSt63/M77ihI09+Sdfk1AXvfhCEeUmC7mg==",
       "license": "MIT"
     },
+    "node_modules/touch": {
+      "version": "3.1.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/touch/-/touch-3.1.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-r0eojU4bI8MnHr8c5bNo7lJDdI2qXlWWJk6a9EAFG7vbhTjElYhBVS3/miuE0uOuoLdb8Mc/rVfsmm6eo5o9GA==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "ISC",
+      "bin": {
+        "nodetouch": "bin/nodetouch.js"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/triple-beam": {
       "version": "1.4.1",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/triple-beam/-/triple-beam-1.4.1.tgz",
@@ -7914,6 +8231,13 @@
         "node": ">=6.0.0"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/undefsafe": {
+      "version": "2.0.5",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/undefsafe/-/undefsafe-2.0.5.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-WxONCrssBM8TSPRqN5EmsjVrsv4A8X12J4ArBiiayv3DyyG3ZlIg6yysuuSYdZsVz3TKcTg2fd//Ujd4CHV1iA==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT"
+    },
     "node_modules/undici-types": {
       "version": "7.19.2",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/undici-types/-/undici-types-7.19.2.tgz",
diff --git a/backend/utils/TranslatableError.js b/backend/utils/TranslatableError.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3099c7384
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/utils/TranslatableError.js
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+/**
+ * TranslatableError - Custom error class for i18n support
+ *
+ * Throw with an i18n key (and optional params / code) instead of a hardcoded English sentence.
+ * Socket catch handlers read key, params, and code for the client response.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * throw new TranslatableError('errors.auth.invalidCredentials');
+ *
+ * @example
+ * throw new TranslatableError('errors.nlp.timeout', { skill: 'summarization' });
+ *
+ * @example
+ * throw new TranslatableError('errors.assignment.unableToAssignEnoughDocuments', {
+ *   roleName: 'Reviewer',
+ *   count: 5
+ * }, 'ASSIGNMENT_FAILED');
+ *
+ * @example
+ * // Key + params + optional code (when params are present)
+ * throw new TranslatableError('errors.documents.fileMissingFromServer', { filename }, 'FILE_MISSING');
+ *
+ * For code + key only (no params), use generateError(code, key) instead — avoids null placeholders.
+ */
+
+class TranslatableError extends Error {
+    /**
+     * Creates a new TranslatableError
+     *
+     * @param {string} key - The translation key (e.g., 'errors.auth.invalidCredentials')
+     * @param {Object|null} [params] - Optional parameters for interpolation
+     * @param {string|null} [code] - Optional machine-readable code (use when params are also present;
+     *     for code + key without params, prefer generateError(code, key))
+     */
+    constructor(key, params = null, code = null) {
+        // Call parent constructor with the key as message
+        // This ensures stack traces show the key
+        super(key);
+
+        // Maintain proper stack trace for where the error was thrown (V8 engines)
+        if (Error.captureStackTrace) {
+            Error.captureStackTrace(this, TranslatableError);
+        }
+
+        this.name = 'TranslatableError';
+        this.key = key;
+        if (params) {
+            this.params = params;
+        }
+        if (code) {
+            this.code = code;
+        }
+
+        // Flag to identify translatable errors in catch blocks
+        this.isTranslatable = true;
+    }
+}
+
+module.exports = TranslatableError;
diff --git a/backend/utils/generic.js b/backend/utils/generic.js
index 5692f2095..442da69e0 100644
--- a/backend/utils/generic.js
+++ b/backend/utils/generic.js
@@ -49,16 +49,26 @@ exports.inject = async function inject(data, func, targetName, key = null) {
     );
 }
 
+const { hasKey } = require('./i18n');
+
 /**
- * Create an Error object with a machine-readable code.
+ * Create an Error with a machine-readable code and an i18n key (no interpolation params).
+ *
+ * Use when the frontend needs both `code` (branching) and `key` (translation), e.g.
+ * `generateError('DOCUMENT_NOT_FOUND', 'errors.documents.doesNotExistOrDeleted')`.
  *
- * @param {string} code Error code for frontend handling
- * @param {string} message Human-readable error message
+ * For key + params, or key + params + code, use TranslatableError instead.
+ *
+ * @param {string} code Machine-readable error code for frontend handling
+ * @param {string} message i18n key (must exist in en locale JSON)
  * @returns {Error}
  */
 exports.generateError = function generateError(code, message) {
     const error = new Error(message);
     error.code = code;
+    if (hasKey(message)) {
+        error.key = message;
+    }
     return error;
 }
 
diff --git a/backend/utils/i18n.js b/backend/utils/i18n.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c59dcaaa5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/utils/i18n.js
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+/**
+ * Backend i18n Utility
+ *
+ * Loads English translations from the shared i18n module directory
+ * and provides translation helpers for backend English output (logs, socket fallbacks, migrations).
+ */
+
+const fs = require('fs');
+const path = require('path');
+
+let translations = null;
+
+function flattenObject(obj, prefix = '') {
+    const result = {};
+    for (const key of Object.keys(obj)) {
+        const value = obj[key];
+        const newKey = prefix ? `${prefix}.${key}` : key;
+        if (value && typeof value === 'object' && !Array.isArray(value)) {
+            Object.assign(result, flattenObject(value, newKey));
+        } else {
+            result[newKey] = value;
+        }
+    }
+    return result;
+}
+
+function loadTranslations() {
+    if (translations !== null) {
+        return translations;
+    }
+
+    const i18nDir = path.resolve(__dirname, '../../utils/modules/i18n/en');
+    const merged = {};
+
+    try {
+        if (!fs.existsSync(i18nDir)) {
+            translations = {};
+            return translations;
+        }
+
+        const files = fs.readdirSync(i18nDir);
+        for (const file of files) {
+            if (file.endsWith('.json')) {
+                const filePath = path.join(i18nDir, file);
+                const namespace = file.replace('.json', '');
+                const content = fs.readFileSync(filePath, 'utf-8');
+                merged[namespace] = JSON.parse(content);
+            }
+        }
+
+        translations = flattenObject(merged);
+    } catch (_error) {
+        translations = {};
+    }
+
+    return translations;
+}
+
+function interpolate(text, params = {}) {
+    if (!text || typeof text !== 'string') {
+        return text;
+    }
+
+    return text.replace(/\{(\w+)\}/g, (match, key) => {
+        if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(params, key)) {
+            return String(params[key]);
+        }
+        return match;
+    });
+}
+
+/**
+ * Checks whether a dot-notation key exists in the English catalog.
+ *
+ * @param {string} key - e.g. `errors.auth.invalidCredentials`
+ * @returns {boolean} `true` when the key is defined in `utils/modules/i18n/en/*.json`
+ */
+function hasKey(key) {
+    const trans = loadTranslations();
+    return Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(trans, key);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Translates a value when it is a known i18n key; otherwise returns it unchanged.
+ * Always uses the English catalog (not the user's UI locale).
+ *
+ * Used for dashboard logs, socket callback legacy ``message`` fields,
+ * and migration `down` steps that restore English source text when rolling back rows
+ * that store i18n keys in the database.
+ *
+ * @param {string} value - i18n key or plain English string
+ * @param {Object} [params={}] - Optional placeholder values for keys like "Hello {name}"
+ * @returns {string|null|undefined} English text when `value` is a known key; otherwise `value` unchanged
+ */
+function translateMaybeKey(value, params = {}) {
+    if (value === undefined || value === null) {
+        return value;
+    }
+    if (hasKey(value)) {
+        const trans = loadTranslations();
+        return interpolate(trans[value], params);
+    }
+    return value;
+}
+
+module.exports = { hasKey, loadTranslations, translateMaybeKey };
diff --git a/backend/utils/logger.js b/backend/utils/logger.js
index 3f99bf13a..ffb9921bb 100644
--- a/backend/utils/logger.js
+++ b/backend/utils/logger.js
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 const winston = require('winston');
 const Transport = require('winston-transport');
 require('winston-daily-rotate-file');
+const { translateMaybeKey } = require('./i18n');
 
 const logging_dir = process.env.LOGGING_PATH;
 
@@ -22,8 +23,14 @@ class SQLTransport extends Transport {
                 message = message.slice(0, 1021) + '...';
             }
 
+            // Dashboard logs (Log.vue) are always stored in English.
+            const i18nParams = info.i18nParams || {};
+            message = translateMaybeKey(message, i18nParams);
+
             // 🟢 Use safe, short message for DB insert
             const safeInfo = {...info, message};
+            // delete i18n metadata for translation only
+            delete safeInfo.i18nParams;
 
             for (const [k, v] of Object.entries(safeInfo)) {
                 if (typeof v === 'number' && !Number.isFinite(v)) {
diff --git a/backend/utils/templateResolver.js b/backend/utils/templateResolver.js
index f01afeedf..051872134 100644
--- a/backend/utils/templateResolver.js
+++ b/backend/utils/templateResolver.js
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
  */
 const Delta = require("quill-delta");
 const {deltaToPlainText} = require("editor-delta-conversion");
+const TranslatableError = require("./TranslatableError");
 
 /**
  * Extract plain text from Quill Delta operations
@@ -194,16 +195,16 @@ async function getTemplateContentForLanguage(templateId, language, models, optio
  */
 async function resolveTemplate(templateId, context, models, options = {}) {
     if (!templateId) {
-        throw new Error("Template ID is required");
+        throw new Error("errors.templates.templateIdRequired");
     }
     
     if (!models) {
-        throw new Error("Models object is required");
+        throw new Error("errors.templates.modelsObjectRequired");
     }
     
     const template = await models["template"].getById(templateId, options);
     if (!template) {
-        throw new Error(`Template with ID ${templateId} not found`);
+        throw new TranslatableError( "errors.templates.withUpperIdNotFound", {templateId});
     }
     
     if (context.studyId && context.anonymize === undefined) {
@@ -263,16 +264,16 @@ async function resolveTemplate(templateId, context, models, options = {}) {
  */
 async function resolveTemplateToDelta(templateId, context, models, options = {}) {
     if (!templateId) {
-        throw new Error("Template ID is required");
+        throw new Error("errors.templates.templateIdRequired");
     }
     
     if (!models) {
-        throw new Error("Models object is required");
+        throw new Error("errors.templates.modelsObjectRequired");
     }
     
     const template = await models["template"].getById(templateId, options);
     if (!template) {
-        throw new Error(`Template with ID ${templateId} not found`);
+        throw new TranslatableError( "errors.templates.withUpperIdNotFound", {templateId});
     }
     
     if (context.studyId && context.anonymize === undefined) {
@@ -356,12 +357,34 @@ async function getMissingRequiredPlaceholders(content, templateType, models, opt
     return missing;
 }
 
+/**
+ * Build i18n key and params for a missing-placeholder validation failure.
+ *
+ * @param {string[]} missing placeholder keys still required
+ * @param {Object} [options]
+ * @param {string} [options.action="saving"] saving | publishing | assigning
+ * @param {string} [options.language] template_content language code, when checking one locale
+ * @returns {{ key: string, params: Object }} i18n key + params (tokens; language if set) for the caller to throw
+ */
 function formatMissingPlaceholderError(missing, { action = "saving", language } = {}) {
     const tokens = missing.map((k) => `~${k}~`).join(", ");
+    const inLanguageKeys = {
+        publishing: "errors.templates.missingRequiredPlaceholdersInLanguagePublishing",
+        assigning: "errors.templates.missingRequiredPlaceholdersInLanguageAssigning",
+    };
+    const plainKeys = {
+        saving: "errors.templates.missingRequiredPlaceholders",
+        publishing: "errors.templates.missingRequiredPlaceholdersPublishing",
+        assigning: "errors.templates.missingRequiredPlaceholdersAssigning",
+    };
+
     if (language) {
-        return `This email template must include the required placeholder(s): ${tokens} in ${language} before ${action}. Add them from the toolbar in the template editor.`;
+        const key = inLanguageKeys[action] || inLanguageKeys.publishing;
+        return { key, params: { tokens, language } };
     }
-    return `This email template must include the required placeholder(s): ${tokens}. Add them from the toolbar before ${action}.`;
+
+    const key = plainKeys[action] || plainKeys.saving;
+    return { key, params: { tokens } };
 }
 
 /**
@@ -377,7 +400,7 @@ async function assertStableEmailTemplateContent(templateId, models, options = {}
     const action = options.action || "publishing";
     const template = await models["template"].getById(templateId, options);
     if (!template) {
-        throw new Error("Template not found");
+        throw new Error("errors.templates.notFound");
     }
     if (![1, 2, 3, 6, 7].includes(template.type)) {
         return;
@@ -392,7 +415,8 @@ async function assertStableEmailTemplateContent(templateId, models, options = {}
     if (!rows || rows.length === 0) {
         const missing = await getMissingRequiredPlaceholders({ ops: [] }, template.type, models, options);
         if (missing.length > 0) {
-            throw new Error(formatMissingPlaceholderError(missing, { action }));
+            const { key, params } = formatMissingPlaceholderError(missing, { action });
+            throw new TranslatableError(key, params);
         }
         return;
     }
@@ -401,7 +425,8 @@ async function assertStableEmailTemplateContent(templateId, models, options = {}
         const content = row.content && row.content.ops ? { ops: row.content.ops } : { ops: [] };
         const missing = await getMissingRequiredPlaceholders(content, template.type, models, options);
         if (missing.length > 0) {
-            throw new Error(formatMissingPlaceholderError(missing, { action, language: row.language }));
+            const { key, params } = formatMissingPlaceholderError(missing, { action, language: row.language });
+            throw new TranslatableError(key, params);
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/backend/utils/text.js b/backend/utils/text.js
index 8f40433b9..de6f8e108 100644
--- a/backend/utils/text.js
+++ b/backend/utils/text.js
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+const TranslatableError = require("./TranslatableError");
+
 /**
  * Get the start and end positions of exact text within whole text, along with prefix and suffix
  * @param {string} exactText - The text to find positions for
@@ -8,7 +10,7 @@
 function getTextPositions(exactText, wholeText) {
     const start = wholeText.indexOf(exactText);
     if (start === -1) {
-        throw new Error('Exact text not found in whole text');
+        throw new TranslatableError( "errors.documents.exactTextNotFound");
     }
 
     const end = start + exactText.length;
diff --git a/backend/utils/validator.js b/backend/utils/validator.js
index 97cfbc29b..fd09dbea1 100644
--- a/backend/utils/validator.js
+++ b/backend/utils/validator.js
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 const yauzl = require("yauzl");
 const path = require("path");
 const fs = require("fs");
+const TranslatableError = require("./TranslatableError");
 const UPLOAD_PATH = `${__dirname}/../../files`;
 
 /**
@@ -39,7 +40,7 @@ class Validator {
 
                 tempFiles.push(tempFile);
             } catch (error) {
-                throw new Error(`Failed to download file ${file.fileName}: ${error.message}`);
+                throw new TranslatableError( "errors.validation.fileDownloadFailed", {fileName: file.fileName, message: error.message});
             }
         }
 
@@ -62,9 +63,20 @@ class Validator {
 
             return validationResult;
         } catch (error) {
+            const message = error.key || error.message;
+            // Keep i18n keys as messages; wrapping them would turn the key into plain text.
+            if (message && /^errors\./.test(message)) {
+                return {
+                    success: false,
+                    message,
+                    params: error.params,
+                };
+            }
+
             return {
                 success: false,
-                message: `Validation error: ${error.message}`,
+                message: "errors.validation.validationErrorWithMessage",
+                params: {message: error.message},
             };
         }
     }
@@ -77,7 +89,7 @@ class Validator {
     async getValidationSchema(validationConfigurationId) {
         const configuration = await this.models["configuration"].getById(validationConfigurationId);
         if (!configuration) {
-            throw new Error(`Validation schema not found: ${validationConfigurationId}`);
+            throw new TranslatableError("errors.validation.schemaNotFound", {validationConfigurationId});
         }
         const { content } = configuration;
         return content;
@@ -111,7 +123,8 @@ class Validator {
         if (!rules.additionalFilesAreAllowed && others.length > 0) {
             return {
                 success: false,
-                message: `Additional files not allowed. Found: ${others.map((f) => f.fileName).join(", ")}`,
+                message: "errors.validation.additionalFilesNotAllowed",
+                params: {files: others.map((f) => f.fileName).join(", ")},
             };
         }
 
@@ -141,7 +154,8 @@ class Validator {
         if (required && matchingFiles.length === 0) {
             return {
                 success: false,
-                message: `Required file missing: ${description || pattern}`,
+                message: "errors.validation.requiredFileMissing",
+                params: {file: description || pattern},
             };
         }
 
@@ -174,7 +188,8 @@ class Validator {
                 if (err) {
                     return resolve({
                         success: false,
-                        message: `Cannot open ZIP file ${zipFile.fileName}: ${err.message}`,
+                        message: "errors.validation.cannotOpenZip",
+                        params: {fileName: zipFile.fileName, message: err.message},
                     });
                 }
 
@@ -226,14 +241,21 @@ class Validator {
                         if (includeFile.required && matches.length === 0) {
                             return resolve({
                                 success: false,
-                                message: `Required file missing in ZIP ${zipFile.fileName}: ${includeFile.description || includeFile.pattern}`,
+                                message: "errors.validation.requiredFileMissingInZip",
+                                params: {zipFileName: zipFile.fileName, file: includeFile.description || includeFile.pattern},
                             });
                         }
 
                         if (includeFile.maxMatches && matches.length > includeFile.maxMatches) {
                             return resolve({
                                 success: false,
-                                message: `Too many matches for ${includeFile.description || includeFile.pattern} in ${zipFile.fileName}: found ${matches.length}, max ${includeFile.maxMatches}`,
+                                message: "errors.validation.tooManyMatchesInZip",
+                                params: {
+                                    file: includeFile.description || includeFile.pattern,
+                                    zipFileName: zipFile.fileName,
+                                    found: matches.length,
+                                    max: includeFile.maxMatches,
+                                },
                             });
                         }
 
@@ -249,7 +271,8 @@ class Validator {
                             if (pathParts.length > 1) {
                                 return resolve({
                                     success: false,
-                                    message: `Files must be located either at the ZIP root or within a single top-level directory in ${zipFile.fileName}. Found file in a nested subdirectory: ${entry}`,
+                                    message: "errors.validation.filesMustBeLocatedInZipRoot",
+                                    params: {zipFileName: zipFile.fileName, entry},
                                 });
                             }
 
@@ -258,9 +281,12 @@ class Validator {
                             if (!extension || !allowAdditionalFiles.includes(extension)) {
                                 return resolve({
                                     success: false,
-                                    message: `Disallowed file found in ZIP ${
-                                        zipFile.fileName
-                                    }: ${entry}. Allowed additional file types: ${allowAdditionalFiles.join(", ")}`,
+                                    message: "errors.validation.disallowedFileFoundInZip",
+                                    params: {
+                                        zipFileName: zipFile.fileName,
+                                        entry,
+                                        types: allowAdditionalFiles.join(", "),
+                                    },
                                 });
                             }
                         }
@@ -272,7 +298,8 @@ class Validator {
                 zipfile.on("error", (error) => {
                     resolve({
                         success: false,
-                        message: `Error reading ZIP file ${zipFile.fileName}: ${error.message}`,
+                        message: "errors.validation.zipReadError",
+                        params: {fileName: zipFile.fileName, message: error.message},
                     });
                 });
             });
diff --git a/backend/webserver/RPC.js b/backend/webserver/RPC.js
index a9abad3b8..583ac80a8 100644
--- a/backend/webserver/RPC.js
+++ b/backend/webserver/RPC.js
@@ -158,11 +158,11 @@ module.exports = class RPC {
         this.logger.info("Emitting event to RPC service...");
 
         if (!this.socket) {
-            throw new Error("RPC service not connected");
+            throw new Error("errors.rpc.serviceNotConnected");
         }
 
         if (!this.socket) {
-            throw new Error("RPC service not connected");
+            throw new Error("errors.rpc.serviceNotConnected");
         }
 
         try {
diff --git a/backend/webserver/Socket.js b/backend/webserver/Socket.js
index 027bc0952..24fe27778 100644
--- a/backend/webserver/Socket.js
+++ b/backend/webserver/Socket.js
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 const {inject} = require("../utils/generic");
+const i18n = require("../utils/i18n");
 const {Sequelize, Op} = require("sequelize");
 const _ = require("lodash");
 const {EWMAMonitor} = require("../utils/EWMAMonitor")
@@ -96,14 +97,56 @@ module.exports = class Socket {
                 }
 
                 console.log(err);
-                this.logger.error(err.message);
 
-                if (callback) {
-                    const response = {success: false, message: err.message};
-                    if (err.code) {
-                        response.code = err.code;
+                // i18n error hub: TranslatableError, generateError(code, key), Error("errors.*")
+                // Log the key; SQLTransport translates to English. Frontend gets key+params (resolveApiMessage).
+                let key;
+                let params = {};
+                if (err.isTranslatable || err.key) {
+                    // TranslatableError: err.key + optional err.params (+ optional err.code)
+                    key = err.key;
+                    if (err.params) {
+                        params = err.params;
+                    }
+                } else if (typeof err.message === "string" && i18n.hasKey(err.message)) {
+                    // throw new Error("errors.namespace.key") or generateError(code, "errors.*")
+                    key = err.message;
+                    if (err.params) {
+                        params = err.params;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (key) {
+                    this.logger.error(key, { i18nParams: params });
+                    if (callback) {
+                        // key/params → localized UI; message (EN) → legacy fallback
+                        const response = {
+                            success: false,
+                            key,
+                            params,
+                            message: i18n.translateMaybeKey(key, params),
+                        };
+                        if (err.code) {
+                            response.code = err.code;
+                        }
+                        callback(response);
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    // Not an i18n key (bug, DB failure, etc.): log full detail, generic message to user
+                    this.logger.error({
+                        message: err.message,
+                        stack: err.stack,
+                        name: err.name,
+                    });
+                    if (callback) {
+                        const unexpectedKey = "errors.server.unexpectedError";
+                        callback({
+                            success: false,
+                            key: unexpectedKey,
+                            params: {},
+                            message: i18n.translateMaybeKey(unexpectedKey),
+                        });
                     }
-                    callback(response);
                 }
             }
             finally {
diff --git a/backend/webserver/auth/strategies.js b/backend/webserver/auth/strategies.js
index 0de61ec80..6b41cc20c 100644
--- a/backend/webserver/auth/strategies.js
+++ b/backend/webserver/auth/strategies.js
@@ -40,12 +40,12 @@ async function setupLocalStrategy(server) {
     passport.use('local-login', new LocalStrategy(async (username, password, cb) => {
         try {
             const user = await server.db.models['user'].find(username);
-            if (!user) return cb(null, false, { message: 'Incorrect username or password.' });
+            if (!user) return cb(null, false, { message: 'auth.api.incorrectUsernameOrPassword' });
 
             crypto.pbkdf2(password, user.salt, 310000, 32, 'sha256', (err, hashedPassword) => {
                 if (err) return cb(err);
                 if (!crypto.timingSafeEqual(Buffer.from(user.passwordHash, 'hex'), hashedPassword)) {
-                    return cb(null, false, { message: 'Incorrect username or password.' });
+                    return cb(null, false, { message: 'auth.api.incorrectUsernameOrPassword' });
                 }
                 // filter row object, because not everything is the right information for website
                 return cb(null, relevantFields(user));
diff --git a/backend/webserver/routes/auth/login.js b/backend/webserver/routes/auth/login.js
index ed3b0610b..5f11ae4e1 100644
--- a/backend/webserver/routes/auth/login.js
+++ b/backend/webserver/routes/auth/login.js
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ function registerLoginRoutes(server, helpers) {
         passport.authenticate('local-login', async (err, user, info) => {
             if (err) {
                 server.logger.error('Login failed: ' + err);
-                return res.status(500).send('Failed to login');
+                return res.status(500).json({ message: 'auth.api.failedToLogin' });
             }
             if (!user) {
                 server.logger.info('User not found: ' + JSON.stringify(info));
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ function registerLoginRoutes(server, helpers) {
             const emailVerificationEnabled = String(await server.db.models['setting'].get('app.register.emailVerification')) === 'true';
             if (emailVerificationEnabled && !user.emailVerified) {
                 return res.status(401).json({
-                    message: 'Please verify your email address before logging in.',
+                    message: 'auth.api.emailNotVerifiedBeforeLogin',
                     emailNotVerified: true,
                     email: user.email,
                 });
@@ -52,12 +52,12 @@ function registerLoginRoutes(server, helpers) {
         shared.setPostLoginRedirectPath(req, req.body?.redirectedFrom || req.query?.redirectedFrom);
 
         if (!(await shared.isLoginMethodEnabled('ldap'))) {
-            return res.status(403).json({ message: 'LDAP login is disabled by the administrator.' });
+            return res.status(403).json({ message: 'auth.api.ldapLoginDisabled' });
         }
         if (!server.isAuthProviderReady('ldap')) {
             const status = server.getAuthProviderStatus('ldap');
             return res.status(503).json({
-                message: 'LDAP login is enabled but not fully configured. Please contact an administrator.',
+                message: 'auth.api.ldapLoginNotReady',
                 reason: status.reason,
             });
         }
@@ -65,10 +65,10 @@ function registerLoginRoutes(server, helpers) {
         passport.authenticate('ldap-login', async (err, user, info) => {
             if (err) {
                 server.logger.error('LDAP login failed: ' + err);
-                return res.status(500).send('Failed to login');
+                return res.status(500).json({ message: 'auth.api.failedToLogin' });
             }
             if (!user) {
-                return res.status(401).send(info || { message: 'LDAP login failed.' });
+                return res.status(401).json(info || { message: 'auth.api.ldapLoginFailed' });
             }
 
             const handled = await twoFactor.startTwoFactorLogin(req, res, user.id, { mode: 'json', loginMethod: 'ldap' });
@@ -227,7 +227,7 @@ function registerLoginRoutes(server, helpers) {
             }
             req.session.destroy();
             res.clearCookie('connect.sid');
-            return res.status(200).send('Session destroyed!');
+            return res.status(200).json({ message: 'auth.api.sessionDestroyed' });
         });
     });
 
@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ function registerLoginRoutes(server, helpers) {
             });
         } catch (err) {
             server.logger.error('auth/check error: ' + err);
-            return res.status(500).json({ message: 'Internal server error' });
+            return res.status(500).json({ message: 'auth.api.internalServerError' });
         }
     });
 }
diff --git a/backend/webserver/routes/auth/password.js b/backend/webserver/routes/auth/password.js
index 72982ae94..fc8a538c0 100644
--- a/backend/webserver/routes/auth/password.js
+++ b/backend/webserver/routes/auth/password.js
@@ -18,16 +18,16 @@ function registerPasswordRoutes(server, helpers) {
         const { email: userEmail } = req.body;
 
         if (await server.db.models['setting'].get('app.login.forgotPassword') !== 'true') {
-            return res.status(400).json({ message: 'Password reset is disabled.' });
+            return res.status(400).json({ message: 'auth.api.passwordResetDisabled' });
         }
         if (!userEmail) {
-            return res.status(400).json({ message: 'Please provide an email.' });
+            return res.status(400).json({ message: 'auth.api.provideEmail' });
         }
 
         try {
             const user = await server.db.models['user'].findOne({ where: { email: userEmail } });
             if (!user) {
-                return res.status(401).json({ message: 'User with this email does not exist.' });
+                return res.status(401).json({ message: 'auth.api.userNotFoundByEmail' });
             }
 
             // Rate limiting: check if a password reset email was sent recently
@@ -35,7 +35,8 @@ function registerPasswordRoutes(server, helpers) {
             const rateLimitCheck = email.checkEmailRateLimit(user, 'passwordReset', rateLimitMinutes);
             if (!rateLimitCheck.allowed) {
                 return res.status(400).json({
-                    message: `Please wait ${rateLimitCheck.remainingTime} minute(s) before requesting another password reset email.`,
+                    message: 'auth.api.passwordResetRateLimited',
+                    params: { minutes: rateLimitCheck.remainingTime },
                 });
             }
 
@@ -64,10 +65,10 @@ function registerPasswordRoutes(server, helpers) {
             );
 
             await server.sendMail(user.email, emailContent.subject, emailContent.body, { isHtml: emailContent.isHtml });
-            return res.status(200).json({ message: 'A password reset link has been sent.' });
+            return res.status(200).json({ message: 'auth.api.passwordResetLinkSent' });
         } catch (err) {
             server.logger.error('Failed to find user:', err);
-            return res.status(500).json({ message: 'Internal server error' });
+            return res.status(500).json({ message: 'auth.api.internalServerError' });
         }
     });
 
@@ -77,10 +78,10 @@ function registerPasswordRoutes(server, helpers) {
     server.app.post('/auth/reset-password', async (req, res) => {
         const { token, newPassword } = req.body;
         if (await server.db.models['setting'].get('app.login.forgotPassword') !== 'true') {
-            return res.status(400).json({ message: 'Password reset is disabled.' });
+            return res.status(400).json({ message: 'auth.api.passwordResetDisabled' });
         }
         if (!token || !newPassword) {
-            return res.status(400).json({ message: 'Token and new password are required.' });
+            return res.status(400).json({ message: 'auth.api.tokenAndPasswordRequired' });
         }
 
         try {
@@ -93,16 +94,16 @@ function registerPasswordRoutes(server, helpers) {
             // Decode the token and check expiry
             const decoded = decodeToken(token);
             if (!decoded.isValid) {
-                return res.status(400).json({ message: 'Invalid token format.' });
+                return res.status(400).json({ message: 'auth.api.invalidTokenFormat' });
             }
             if (decoded.expired) {
-                return res.status(400).json({ message: 'Token has expired.' });
+                return res.status(400).json({ message: 'auth.api.tokenExpired' });
             }
 
             // Find user by the full token stored in database
             const user = await server.db.models['user'].findOne({ where: { resetToken: token } });
             if (!user) {
-                return res.status(400).json({ message: 'Invalid token.' });
+                return res.status(400).json({ message: 'auth.api.invalidToken' });
             }
 
             // Reset password and clear the reset token
@@ -124,10 +125,10 @@ function registerPasswordRoutes(server, helpers) {
                 emailContent.body,
                 { isHtml: emailContent.isHtml }
             );
-            return res.status(200).json({ message: 'Password has been reset successfully.' });
+            return res.status(200).json({ message: 'auth.api.passwordResetSuccess' });
         } catch (err) {
             server.logger.error('Failed to reset password:', err);
-            return res.status(500).json({ message: 'Internal server error' });
+            return res.status(500).json({ message: 'auth.api.internalServerError' });
         }
     });
 
@@ -137,32 +138,32 @@ function registerPasswordRoutes(server, helpers) {
     server.app.get('/auth/check-reset-token', async (req, res) => {
         const { token } = req.query;
         if (!token) {
-            return res.status(400).json({ message: 'Token is required.' });
+            return res.status(400).json({ message: 'auth.api.tokenRequired' });
         }
 
         try {
             // Decode and validate token format/expiry
             const decoded = decodeToken(token);
             if (!decoded.isValid) {
-                return res.status(400).json({ message: 'Invalid token format.' });
+                return res.status(400).json({ message: 'auth.api.invalidTokenFormat' });
             }
             if (decoded.expired) {
-                return res.status(400).json({ message: 'Token has expired.' });
+                return res.status(400).json({ message: 'auth.api.tokenExpired' });
             }
 
             // Check if token exists in database
             const user = await server.db.models['user'].findOne({ where: { resetToken: token } });
             if (!user) {
-                return res.status(404).json({ message: 'Token not found.' });
+                return res.status(404).json({ message: 'auth.api.tokenNotFound' });
             }
 
             return res.status(200).json({
-                message: 'Token is valid.',
+                message: 'auth.api.tokenValid',
                 expiryTime: decoded.expiryTime,
             });
         } catch (error) {
             server.logger.error('Failed to check reset token:', error);
-            return res.status(500).json({ message: 'Internal server error' });
+            return res.status(500).json({ message: 'auth.api.internalServerError' });
         }
     });
 }
diff --git a/backend/webserver/routes/auth/registration.js b/backend/webserver/routes/auth/registration.js
index 8af5b7f17..6bdfe030c 100644
--- a/backend/webserver/routes/auth/registration.js
+++ b/backend/webserver/routes/auth/registration.js
@@ -20,31 +20,31 @@ function registerRegistrationRoutes(server, helpers) {
         // Check if self-registration is enabled
         const isSelfRegistrationEnabled = await server.db.models['setting'].get('app.register.enabled');
         if (!isSelfRegistrationEnabled) {
-            return res.status(403).json({ message: 'Self-registration is currently disabled. Please contact an administrator to create an account.' });
+            return res.status(403).json({ message: 'auth.api.selfRegistrationDisabled' });
         }
 
         // Check if name fields are required by settings
         if ((await server.db.models['setting'].get('app.register.requestName')) === 'true') {
             if (!data.firstName) {
-                return res.status(400).json({ message: 'Please provide a first name.' });
+                return res.status(400).json({ message: 'auth.api.provideFirstName' });
             }
             if (!data.lastName) {
-                return res.status(400).json({ message: 'Please provide a last name.' });
+                return res.status(400).json({ message: 'auth.api.provideLastName' });
             }
         }
 
         // Check if email is present and not already taken
         if (!data.email) {
-            return res.status(400).json({ message: 'Please provide a email.' });
+            return res.status(400).json({ message: 'auth.api.provideAEmail' });
         }
         const emailUser = await server.db.models['user'].getUserIdByEmail(data.email);
         if (emailUser !== 0) {
-            return res.status(400).json({ message: 'E-Mail already taken.' });
+            return res.status(400).json({ message: 'auth.api.emailAlreadyTaken' });
         }
 
         // Validate password presence and policy
         if (!data.password) {
-            return res.status(400).json({ message: 'Please provide a password.' });
+            return res.status(400).json({ message: 'auth.api.providePassword' });
         }
         try {
             server.db.models['user'].validatePasswordContent(data.password);
@@ -53,17 +53,17 @@ function registerRegistrationRoutes(server, helpers) {
         }
 
         if (!data.acceptTerms && !data.isCreatedByAdmin) {
-            return res.status(400).json({ message: 'Please agree to the terms of use.' });
+            return res.status(400).json({ message: 'auth.api.agreeToTerms' });
         }
 
         // Check if username is present and not already taken
         if (!data.userName) {
-            return res.status(400).json({ message: 'Please provide a user name.' });
+            return res.status(400).json({ message: 'auth.api.provideUserName' });
         }
         const userNameUser = await server.db.models['user'].getUserIdByName(data.userName);
         if (userNameUser !== 0) {
             server.logger.info('Username already taken: ' + data.userName);
-            return res.status(400).json({ message: 'Username already taken.' });
+            return res.status(400).json({ message: 'auth.api.usernameTaken' });
         }
 
         let transaction;
@@ -116,19 +116,19 @@ function registerRegistrationRoutes(server, helpers) {
                 );
                 await transaction.commit();
                 return res.status(201).json({
-                    message: 'User was successfully created. Please check your email to verify your account.',
+                    message: 'auth.api.userCreatedVerifyEmail',
                     emailVerificationRequired: true,
                 });
             }
 
             await transaction.commit();
-            return res.status(201).send('User was successfully created');
+            return res.status(201).json({ message: 'auth.api.userCreated' });
         } catch (err) {
             if (transaction) {
                 await transaction.rollback();
             }
             server.logger.error('Cannot create user:', err);
-            return res.status(400).json({ message: 'Failed to create user', error: err.message });
+            return res.status(400).json({ message: 'auth.api.failedToCreateUser', error: err.message });
         }
     });
 }
diff --git a/backend/webserver/routes/auth/shared.js b/backend/webserver/routes/auth/shared.js
index 93ed80867..f3bf6e460 100644
--- a/backend/webserver/routes/auth/shared.js
+++ b/backend/webserver/routes/auth/shared.js
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ function createSharedHelpers(server) {
         req.logIn(user, async (err) => {
             if (err) {
                 server.logger.error(`[Auth] Passport login failed for user ${user.id}: ${err}`);
-                return res.status(500).json({ message: 'Failed to establish login session.' });
+                return res.status(500).json({ message: 'auth.api.failedToEstablishLoginSession' });
             }
 
             // Pending 2FA state is only needed during login and should not survive a successful login.
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ function createSharedHelpers(server) {
         if (req.isAuthenticated()) {
             return next();
         }
-        return res.status(401).json({ message: 'Authentication required' });
+        return res.status(401).json({ message: 'auth.api.authenticationRequired' });
     }
 
     return {
diff --git a/backend/webserver/routes/auth/twoFactor/loginFlow.js b/backend/webserver/routes/auth/twoFactor/loginFlow.js
index 677d2af68..39c26d00a 100644
--- a/backend/webserver/routes/auth/twoFactor/loginFlow.js
+++ b/backend/webserver/routes/auth/twoFactor/loginFlow.js
@@ -19,15 +19,15 @@ function registerTwoFactorLoginFlowRoutes(server, helpers) {
         const { method } = req.body;
 
         if (!req.session || !req.session.twoFactorPending) {
-            return res.status(400).json({ message: 'No pending 2FA verification found. Please login again.' });
+            return res.status(400).json({ message: 'auth.twoFactor.api.noPendingVerification' });
         }
 
         const pending = req.session.twoFactorPending;
         if (!method || !pending.methods || !Array.isArray(pending.methods)) {
-            return res.status(400).json({ message: 'Missing 2FA method selection.' });
+            return res.status(400).json({ message: 'auth.twoFactor.api.missingMethodSelection' });
         }
         if (!pending.methods.includes(method)) {
-            return res.status(400).json({ message: 'Selected 2FA method is not enabled for this user.' });
+            return res.status(400).json({ message: 'auth.twoFactor.api.selectedMethodNotEnabled' });
         }
 
         const userRecord = await server.db.models['user'].findOne({
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ function registerTwoFactorLoginFlowRoutes(server, helpers) {
         });
         if (!userRecord) {
             delete req.session.twoFactorPending;
-            return res.status(400).json({ message: 'User not found.' });
+            return res.status(400).json({ message: 'auth.twoFactor.api.userNotFound' });
         }
 
         pending.method = method;
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ function registerTwoFactorLoginFlowRoutes(server, helpers) {
         try {
             if (method === 'email') {
                 if (!userRecord.email) {
-                    return res.status(400).json({ message: 'Email address not found. Cannot use email 2FA.' });
+                    return res.status(400).json({ message: 'auth.twoFactor.api.emailAddressNotFound' });
                 }
                 await twoFactor.sendEmailOtp(userRecord);
                 twoFactor.resetTwoFactorFailedAttempts(pending);
@@ -56,15 +56,15 @@ function registerTwoFactorLoginFlowRoutes(server, helpers) {
 
             if (method === 'totp') {
                 if (!userRecord.totpSecret) {
-                    return res.status(400).json({ message: 'TOTP is enabled but not configured (missing secret).' });
+                    return res.status(400).json({ message: 'auth.twoFactor.api.totpMissingSecret' });
                 }
                 return req.session.save(() => res.status(200).json({ requiresTwoFactor: true, method: 'totp' }));
             }
 
-            return res.status(400).json({ message: `Unsupported 2FA method: ${method}` });
+            return res.status(400).json({ message: 'auth.twoFactor.api.unsupportedMethod', params: { method } });
         } catch (error) {
             server.logger.error('Failed to apply 2FA selection: ' + error);
-            return res.status(500).json({ message: 'Failed to start selected 2FA method.' });
+            return res.status(500).json({ message: 'auth.twoFactor.api.startSelectedMethodFailed' });
         }
     });
 
@@ -74,13 +74,13 @@ function registerTwoFactorLoginFlowRoutes(server, helpers) {
     server.app.post('/auth/2fa/email/verify', async (req, res) => {
         const { otp } = req.body;
         if (!otp) {
-            return res.status(400).json({ message: 'OTP is required.' });
+            return res.status(400).json({ message: 'auth.twoFactor.api.otpRequired' });
         }
         if (!req.session || !req.session.twoFactorPending) {
-            return res.status(400).json({ message: 'No pending 2FA verification found. Please login again.' });
+            return res.status(400).json({ message: 'auth.twoFactor.api.noPendingVerification' });
         }
         if (req.session.twoFactorPending.method !== 'email') {
-            return res.status(400).json({ message: 'Email 2FA is not the selected method.' });
+            return res.status(400).json({ message: 'auth.twoFactor.api.emailNotSelected' });
         }
 
         try {
@@ -91,15 +91,15 @@ function registerTwoFactorLoginFlowRoutes(server, helpers) {
 
             if (!user) {
                 delete req.session.twoFactorPending;
-                return res.status(400).json({ message: 'User not found.' });
+                return res.status(400).json({ message: 'auth.twoFactor.api.userNotFound' });
             }
 
             if (!user.twoFactorOtp || user.twoFactorOtp !== otp) {
                 return await twoFactor.handleFailedTwoFactorAttempt(req, res, {
                     userId: user.id,
                     clearEmailOtp: true,
-                    errorMessage: 'Invalid OTP code.',
-                    tooManyAttemptsErrorMessage: 'Too many invalid OTP attempts. Please login again.',
+                    errorMessage: 'auth.twoFactor.api.invalidOtpAttemptsRemaining',
+                    tooManyAttemptsErrorMessage: 'auth.twoFactor.api.tooManyInvalidOtpAttempts',
                 });
             }
 
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ function registerTwoFactorLoginFlowRoutes(server, helpers) {
                     { where: { id: user.id } }
                 );
                 delete req.session.twoFactorPending;
-                return res.status(400).json({ message: 'OTP has expired. Please request a new one.' });
+                return res.status(400).json({ message: 'auth.twoFactor.api.otpExpired' });
             }
 
             await server.db.models['user'].update(
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ function registerTwoFactorLoginFlowRoutes(server, helpers) {
             return shared.finalizeLogin(req, res, user, { mode: 'json' });
         } catch (error) {
             server.logger.error('Failed to verify OTP: ' + error);
-            return res.status(500).json({ message: 'Internal server error' });
+            return res.status(500).json({ message: 'auth.twoFactor.api.internalServerError' });
         }
     });
 
@@ -131,10 +131,10 @@ function registerTwoFactorLoginFlowRoutes(server, helpers) {
     server.app.get('/auth/2fa/email/status', async (req, res) => {
         const pending = req.session?.twoFactorPending;
         if (!pending) {
-            return res.status(400).json({ message: 'No pending 2FA verification found. Please login again.' });
+            return res.status(400).json({ message: 'auth.twoFactor.api.noPendingVerification' });
         }
         if (pending.method !== 'email') {
-            return res.status(400).json({ message: 'Email 2FA is not the selected method.' });
+            return res.status(400).json({ message: 'auth.twoFactor.api.emailNotSelected' });
         }
 
         return res.status(200).json(twoFactor.getEmailOtpCooldownInfo(pending));
@@ -151,12 +151,12 @@ function registerTwoFactorLoginFlowRoutes(server, helpers) {
     server.app.post('/auth/2fa/totp/verify', async (req, res, next) => {
         const token = String(req.body.token || '').replace(/\s/g, '');
         if (!token) {
-            return res.status(400).json({ message: 'TOTP token is required.' });
+            return res.status(400).json({ message: 'auth.twoFactor.api.totpTokenRequired' });
         }
 
         const pending = req.session?.twoFactorPending;
         if (!pending?.userId) {
-            return res.status(401).json({ message: 'Invalid TOTP code' });
+            return res.status(401).json({ message: 'auth.twoFactor.api.invalidTotpCodeNoPeriod' });
         }
 
         try {
@@ -170,18 +170,18 @@ function registerTwoFactorLoginFlowRoutes(server, helpers) {
                 return req.session.save((saveErr) => {
                     if (saveErr) {
                         server.logger.error('Failed to save session: ' + saveErr);
-                        return res.status(500).json({ message: 'Session error during 2FA.' });
+                        return res.status(500).json({ message: 'auth.twoFactor.api.sessionErrorDuring2fa' });
                     }
 
-                    return res.status(401).json({ message: 'Invalid TOTP code' });
+                    return res.status(401).json({ message: 'auth.twoFactor.api.invalidTotpCodeNoPeriod' });
                 });
             }
 
             const totp = new TOTP({ secret: user.totpSecret, digits: 6, period: 30 });
             if (totp.validate({ token, window: 1 }) === null) {
                 return await twoFactor.handleFailedTwoFactorAttempt(req, res, {
-                    errorMessage: 'Invalid TOTP code.',
-                    tooManyAttemptsErrorMessage: 'Too many invalid TOTP attempts. Please login again.',
+                    errorMessage: 'auth.twoFactor.api.invalidTotpAttemptsRemaining',
+                    tooManyAttemptsErrorMessage: 'auth.twoFactor.api.tooManyInvalidTotpAttempts',
                 });
             }
 
diff --git a/backend/webserver/routes/auth/twoFactor/settings.js b/backend/webserver/routes/auth/twoFactor/settings.js
index f513fc633..e8b93f85c 100644
--- a/backend/webserver/routes/auth/twoFactor/settings.js
+++ b/backend/webserver/routes/auth/twoFactor/settings.js
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ function registerTwoFactorSettingsRoutes(server, helpers) {
     server.app.post('/auth/2fa/totp/setup/initiate', shared.ensureAuthenticated, async (req, res) => {
         const user = await server.db.models['user'].findOne({ where: { id: req.user.id }, raw: true });
         if (!user) {
-            return res.status(404).json({ message: 'User not found.' });
+            return res.status(404).json({ message: 'auth.twoFactor.api.userNotFound' });
         }
 
         const secret = new Secret({ size: 20 });
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ function registerTwoFactorSettingsRoutes(server, helpers) {
         return req.session.save((err) => {
             if (err) {
                 server.logger.error('Failed to save session for TOTP setup: ' + err);
-                return res.status(500).json({ message: 'Failed to initiate TOTP setup.' });
+                return res.status(500).json({ message: 'auth.twoFactor.api.totpSetupInitiateFailed' });
             }
             return res.status(200).json({
                 otpauthUrl: totp.toString(),
@@ -50,16 +50,16 @@ function registerTwoFactorSettingsRoutes(server, helpers) {
     server.app.post('/auth/2fa/totp/setup/verify', shared.ensureAuthenticated, async (req, res, next) => {
         const { token } = req.body;
         if (!token) {
-            return res.status(400).json({ message: 'TOTP token is required.' });
+            return res.status(400).json({ message: 'auth.twoFactor.api.totpTokenRequired' });
         }
         if (!req.session?.totpSetupPending?.secretBase32) {
-            return res.status(400).json({ message: 'No pending TOTP setup found.' });
+            return res.status(400).json({ message: 'auth.twoFactor.api.noPendingTotpSetup' });
         }
 
         const secretBase32 = req.session.totpSetupPending.secretBase32;
         const totp = new TOTP({ secret: secretBase32, digits: 6, period: 30 });
         if (totp.validate({ token: String(token).trim(), window: 1 }) === null) {
-            return res.status(401).json({ message: 'Invalid TOTP code.' });
+            return res.status(401).json({ message: 'auth.twoFactor.api.invalidTotpCode' });
         }
 
         try {
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ function registerTwoFactorSettingsRoutes(server, helpers) {
                 where: { id: req.user.id },
             });
             if (!dbUser) {
-                return res.status(404).json({ message: 'User not found.' });
+                return res.status(404).json({ message: 'auth.twoFactor.api.userNotFound' });
             }
 
             const currentMethods = Array.isArray(dbUser.twoFactorMethods) ? [...dbUser.twoFactorMethods] : [];
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ function registerTwoFactorSettingsRoutes(server, helpers) {
             delete req.session.totpSetupPending;
 
             return res.status(200).json({
-                message: 'TOTP configured successfully.',
+                message: 'auth.twoFactor.api.totpConfiguredSuccessfully',
                 twoFactorMethods: currentMethods,
             });
         } catch (err) {
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ function registerTwoFactorSettingsRoutes(server, helpers) {
      */
     server.app.get('/auth/2fa/status', async (req, res) => {
         if (!req.user) {
-            return res.status(401).json({ message: 'You must be logged in to check 2FA status.' });
+            return res.status(401).json({ message: 'auth.twoFactor.api.loginRequiredCheckStatus' });
         }
 
         try {
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ function registerTwoFactorSettingsRoutes(server, helpers) {
                 attributes: ['twoFactorMethods', 'totpSecret', 'email', 'orcidId'],
             });
             if (!user) {
-                return res.status(404).json({ message: 'User not found.' });
+                return res.status(404).json({ message: 'auth.twoFactor.api.userNotFound' });
             }
 
             const methods = twoFactor.getTwoFactorMethods(user);
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ function registerTwoFactorSettingsRoutes(server, helpers) {
             });
         } catch (error) {
             server.logger.error('Failed to get 2FA status: ' + error);
-            return res.status(500).json({ message: 'Internal server error' });
+            return res.status(500).json({ message: 'auth.twoFactor.api.internalServerError' });
         }
     });
 
@@ -132,12 +132,12 @@ function registerTwoFactorSettingsRoutes(server, helpers) {
      */
     server.app.post('/auth/2fa/enable', async (req, res) => {
         if (!req.user) {
-            return res.status(401).json({ message: 'You must be logged in to enable 2FA.' });
+            return res.status(401).json({ message: 'auth.twoFactor.api.loginRequiredEnable' });
         }
 
         const { method } = req.body;
         if (!method || !['email', 'totp'].includes(method)) {
-            return res.status(400).json({ message: 'Valid 2FA method is required (email or totp).' });
+            return res.status(400).json({ message: 'auth.twoFactor.api.validMethodRequired' });
         }
 
         try {
@@ -145,13 +145,13 @@ function registerTwoFactorSettingsRoutes(server, helpers) {
                 where: { id: req.user.id },
             });
             if (!user) {
-                return res.status(404).json({ message: 'User not found.' });
+                return res.status(404).json({ message: 'auth.twoFactor.api.userNotFound' });
             }
             if (method === 'email' && !user.email) {
-                return res.status(400).json({ message: 'Email address is required to enable email 2FA.' });
+                return res.status(400).json({ message: 'auth.twoFactor.api.emailRequiredFor2fa' });
             }
             if (method === 'totp') {
-                return res.status(400).json({ message: 'Use /auth/2fa/totp/setup/initiate and /auth/2fa/totp/setup/verify to enable TOTP (requires setup + verification).' });
+                return res.status(400).json({ message: 'auth.twoFactor.api.useTotpSetup' });
             }
 
             const currentMethods = Array.isArray(user.twoFactorMethods) ? user.twoFactorMethods.slice() : [];
@@ -165,12 +165,13 @@ function registerTwoFactorSettingsRoutes(server, helpers) {
             );
 
             return res.status(200).json({
-                message: `2FA has been enabled with ${method} method.`,
+                message: 'auth.twoFactor.api.enabledWithMethod',
+                params: { method },
                 twoFactorMethods: currentMethods,
             });
         } catch (error) {
             server.logger.error('Failed to enable 2FA: ' + error);
-            return res.status(500).json({ message: 'Internal server error' });
+            return res.status(500).json({ message: 'auth.twoFactor.api.internalServerError' });
         }
     });
 
@@ -181,7 +182,7 @@ function registerTwoFactorSettingsRoutes(server, helpers) {
     server.app.post('/auth/2fa/disable/:method', shared.ensureAuthenticated, async (req, res) => {
         const method = req.params.method;
         if (!['email', 'totp'].includes(method)) {
-            return res.status(400).json({ message: 'Valid 2FA method is required (email or totp).' });
+            return res.status(400).json({ message: 'auth.twoFactor.api.validMethodRequired' });
         }
 
         try {
@@ -189,12 +190,12 @@ function registerTwoFactorSettingsRoutes(server, helpers) {
                 where: { id: req.user.id },
             });
             if (!user) {
-                return res.status(404).json({ message: 'User not found.' });
+                return res.status(404).json({ message: 'auth.twoFactor.api.userNotFound' });
             }
 
             const currentMethods = twoFactor.getTwoFactorMethods(user);
             if (!currentMethods.includes(method)) {
-                return res.status(400).json({ message: `2FA method '${method}' is not enabled for this user.` });
+                return res.status(400).json({ message: 'auth.twoFactor.api.methodNotEnabledForUser', params: { method } });
             }
 
             const updatedMethods = currentMethods.filter((entry) => entry !== method);
@@ -216,12 +217,13 @@ function registerTwoFactorSettingsRoutes(server, helpers) {
             await server.db.models['user'].update(updateData, { where: { id: user.id } });
 
             return res.status(200).json({
-                message: `2FA method '${method}' has been disabled.`,
+                message: 'auth.twoFactor.api.methodDisabled',
+                params: { method },
                 twoFactorMethods: updatedMethods,
             });
         } catch (error) {
             server.logger.error('Failed to disable 2FA method: ' + error);
-            return res.status(500).json({ message: 'Internal server error' });
+            return res.status(500).json({ message: 'auth.twoFactor.api.internalServerError' });
         }
     });
 }
diff --git a/backend/webserver/routes/auth/twoFactor/shared.js b/backend/webserver/routes/auth/twoFactor/shared.js
index 9b640995a..3fe2a6f9a 100644
--- a/backend/webserver/routes/auth/twoFactor/shared.js
+++ b/backend/webserver/routes/auth/twoFactor/shared.js
@@ -103,13 +103,13 @@ function createTwoFactorHelpers(server, sharedHelpers, emailHelpers) {
         const {
             userId = null,
             clearEmailOtp = false,
-            errorMessage = 'Invalid verification code.',
-            tooManyAttemptsErrorMessage = 'Too many invalid verification attempts. Please login again.',
+            errorMessage = 'auth.twoFactor.api.invalidCodeAttemptsRemaining',
+            tooManyAttemptsErrorMessage = 'auth.twoFactor.api.tooManyInvalidAttempts',
         } = options;
 
         const pending = req.session?.twoFactorPending;
         if (!pending) {
-            return res.status(400).json({ message: 'No pending 2FA verification found. Please login again.' });
+            return res.status(400).json({ message: 'auth.twoFactor.api.noPendingVerification' });
         }
 
         pending.failedAttempts = Number(pending.failedAttempts || 0) + 1;
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ function createTwoFactorHelpers(server, sharedHelpers, emailHelpers) {
             return req.session.save((err) => {
                 if (err) {
                     server.logger.error('Failed to save session: ' + err);
-                    return res.status(500).json({ message: 'Session error during 2FA.' });
+                    return res.status(500).json({ message: 'auth.twoFactor.api.sessionErrorDuring2fa' });
                 }
 
                 return res.status(403).json({
@@ -144,11 +144,12 @@ function createTwoFactorHelpers(server, sharedHelpers, emailHelpers) {
         return req.session.save((err) => {
             if (err) {
                 server.logger.error('Failed to save session: ' + err);
-                return res.status(500).json({ message: 'Session error during 2FA.' });
+                return res.status(500).json({ message: 'auth.twoFactor.api.sessionErrorDuring2fa' });
             }
 
             return res.status(401).json({
-                message: `${errorMessage} ${attemptsRemaining} attempt(s) remaining.`,
+                message: errorMessage,
+                params: { attemptsRemaining },
                 attemptsRemaining,
                 maxAttempts: MAX_2FA_VERIFY_ATTEMPTS,
             });
@@ -207,10 +208,10 @@ function createTwoFactorHelpers(server, sharedHelpers, emailHelpers) {
      */
     async function resendEmailOtp(req, res) {
         if (!req.session || !req.session.twoFactorPending) {
-            return res.status(400).json({ message: 'No pending 2FA verification found. Please login again.' });
+            return res.status(400).json({ message: 'auth.twoFactor.api.noPendingVerification' });
         }
         if (req.session.twoFactorPending.method !== 'email') {
-            return res.status(400).json({ message: 'Email 2FA is not the selected method. Please select email first.' });
+            return res.status(400).json({ message: 'auth.twoFactor.api.emailNotSelectedSelectFirst' });
         }
 
         try {
@@ -220,7 +221,7 @@ function createTwoFactorHelpers(server, sharedHelpers, emailHelpers) {
             if (!cooldownInfo.canResend) {
                 setRetryAfterHeader(res, cooldownInfo.retryAfterSeconds);
                 return res.status(429).json({
-                    message: 'Please wait before requesting another code.',
+                    message: 'auth.twoFactor.verifyEmail.errors.waitBeforeResend',
                     ...cooldownInfo,
                 });
             }
@@ -232,11 +233,11 @@ function createTwoFactorHelpers(server, sharedHelpers, emailHelpers) {
 
             if (!user || !methods.includes('email')) {
                 delete req.session.twoFactorPending;
-                return res.status(400).json({ message: 'Email 2FA is not enabled for this user.' });
+                return res.status(400).json({ message: 'auth.twoFactor.api.emailNotEnabledForUser' });
             }
 
             if (!user.email) {
-                return res.status(400).json({ message: 'User email not found. Cannot send OTP.' });
+                return res.status(400).json({ message: 'auth.twoFactor.api.userEmailNotFound' });
             }
 
             await sendEmailOtp(user);
@@ -246,18 +247,18 @@ function createTwoFactorHelpers(server, sharedHelpers, emailHelpers) {
             return req.session.save((err) => {
                 if (err) {
                     server.logger.error('Failed to save session: ' + err);
-                    return res.status(500).json({ message: 'Session error during 2FA.' });
+                    return res.status(500).json({ message: 'auth.twoFactor.api.sessionErrorDuring2fa' });
                 }
 
                 return res.status(200).json({
-                    message: 'OTP has been sent to your email address.',
+                    message: 'auth.twoFactor.verifyEmail.success.codeSent',
                     expiresIn: 10,
                     ...nextCooldownInfo,
                 });
             });
         } catch (error) {
             server.logger.error('Failed to request OTP: ' + error);
-            return res.status(500).json({ message: 'Internal server error' });
+            return res.status(500).json({ message: 'auth.twoFactor.api.internalServerError' });
         }
     }
 
@@ -271,7 +272,7 @@ function createTwoFactorHelpers(server, sharedHelpers, emailHelpers) {
     async function performTwoFactorAction(user, method) {
         if (method === 'email') {
             if (!user.email) {
-                throw { status: 400, message: 'Email not found for this user.' };
+                throw { status: 400, message: 'auth.twoFactor.api.emailNotFoundForUser' };
             }
             await sendEmailOtp(user);
             return;
@@ -279,12 +280,12 @@ function createTwoFactorHelpers(server, sharedHelpers, emailHelpers) {
 
         if (method === 'totp') {
             if (!user.totpSecret) {
-                throw { status: 400, message: 'TOTP is not configured.' };
+                throw { status: 400, message: 'auth.twoFactor.api.totpNotConfigured' };
             }
             return;
         }
 
-        throw { status: 400, message: `Unsupported 2FA method: ${method}` };
+        throw { status: 400, message: 'auth.twoFactor.api.unsupportedMethod', params: { method } };
     }
 
     /**
@@ -355,7 +356,7 @@ function createTwoFactorHelpers(server, sharedHelpers, emailHelpers) {
                 redirectPath = getTwoFactorRedirectPath(method);
             } catch (error) {
                 server.logger.error(`2FA Initialization failed: ${error.message}`);
-                return res.status(error.status || 500).json({ message: error.message });
+                return res.status(error.status || 500).json({ message: error.message, params: error.params });
             }
         } else {
             // Multiple methods available; requiring frontend to display selection page
@@ -368,7 +369,7 @@ function createTwoFactorHelpers(server, sharedHelpers, emailHelpers) {
         req.session.save((err) => {
             if (err) {
                 server.logger.error('Failed to save session: ' + err);
-                return res.status(500).json({ message: 'Session error during 2FA.' });
+                return res.status(500).json({ message: 'auth.twoFactor.api.sessionErrorDuring2fa' });
             }
 
             if (mode === 'redirect') {
diff --git a/backend/webserver/routes/auth/verification.js b/backend/webserver/routes/auth/verification.js
index f11c5a076..7bf84c5b5 100644
--- a/backend/webserver/routes/auth/verification.js
+++ b/backend/webserver/routes/auth/verification.js
@@ -18,26 +18,26 @@ function registerVerificationRoutes(server, helpers) {
         const { token } = req.query;
 
         if (String(await server.db.models['setting'].get('app.register.emailVerification')) !== 'true') {
-            return res.status(400).send({ message: 'Email verification is disabled.' });
+            return res.status(400).send({ message: 'auth.api.emailVerificationDisabled' });
         }
         if (!token) {
-            return res.status(400).send({ message: 'Missing token.' });
+            return res.status(400).send({ message: 'auth.api.missingToken' });
         }
 
         try {
             // Decode and validate token
             const decoded = decodeToken(token);
             if (!decoded.isValid) {
-                return res.status(400).send({ message: 'Invalid token format.' });
+                return res.status(400).send({ message: 'auth.api.invalidTokenFormat' });
             }
             if (decoded.expired) {
-                return res.status(400).send({ message: 'Token has expired.' });
+                return res.status(400).send({ message: 'auth.api.tokenExpired' });
             }
 
             // Find user by verification token
             const user = await server.db.models['user'].findOne({ where: { emailVerificationToken: token } });
             if (!user) {
-                return res.status(400).send({ message: 'Invalid token.' });
+                return res.status(400).send({ message: 'auth.api.invalidToken' });
             }
 
             // Mark email as verified and clear token
@@ -45,10 +45,10 @@ function registerVerificationRoutes(server, helpers) {
                 { emailVerified: true, emailVerificationToken: null },
                 { where: { id: user.id } }
             );
-            return res.status(200).send({ message: 'Email successfully verified. You can now log in.' });
+            return res.status(200).send({ message: 'auth.api.emailVerifiedLogin' });
         } catch (error) {
             server.logger.error('Failed to verify email:', error);
-            return res.status(500).send({ message: 'Internal server error' });
+            return res.status(500).send({ message: 'auth.api.internalServerError' });
         }
     });
 
@@ -58,25 +58,25 @@ function registerVerificationRoutes(server, helpers) {
     server.app.post('/auth/resend-verification', async (req, res) => {
         const { email: userEmail } = req.body;
         if (!userEmail) {
-            return res.status(400).json({ message: 'Email address is required.' });
+            return res.status(400).json({ message: 'auth.api.emailAddressRequired' });
         }
 
         try {
             // Check if email verification is enabled
             const emailVerificationEnabled = String(await server.db.models['setting'].get('app.register.emailVerification')) === 'true';
             if (!emailVerificationEnabled) {
-                return res.status(400).json({ message: 'Email verification is disabled.' });
+                return res.status(400).json({ message: 'auth.api.emailVerificationDisabled' });
             }
 
             // Find user by email
             const user = await server.db.models['user'].findOne({ where: { email: userEmail } });
             if (!user) {
-                return res.status(400).json({ message: 'User with this email does not exist.' });
+                return res.status(400).json({ message: 'auth.api.userNotFoundByEmail' });
             }
 
             // Check if already verified
             if (user.emailVerified) {
-                return res.status(400).json({ message: 'Email address is already verified.' });
+                return res.status(400).json({ message: 'auth.api.emailAlreadyVerified' });
             }
 
             // Rate limiting: check if a verification email was sent recently
@@ -84,7 +84,8 @@ function registerVerificationRoutes(server, helpers) {
             const rateLimitCheck = email.checkEmailRateLimit(user, 'verification', rateLimitMinutes);
             if (!rateLimitCheck.allowed) {
                 return res.status(400).json({
-                    message: `Please wait ${rateLimitCheck.remainingTime} minute(s) before requesting another verification email.`,
+                    message: 'auth.api.verificationRateLimited',
+                    params: { minutes: rateLimitCheck.remainingTime },
                 });
             }
 
@@ -120,10 +121,10 @@ function registerVerificationRoutes(server, helpers) {
                 { isHtml: emailContent.isHtml }
             );
 
-            return res.status(200).json({ message: 'Verification email has been sent.' });
+            return res.status(200).json({ message: 'auth.api.verificationEmailSent' });
         } catch (error) {
             server.logger.error('Failed to resend verification email:', error);
-            return res.status(500).json({ message: 'Internal server error' });
+            return res.status(500).json({ message: 'auth.api.internalServerError' });
         }
     });
 }
diff --git a/backend/webserver/rpcs/moodleRPC.js b/backend/webserver/rpcs/moodleRPC.js
index e5e3b9e87..c284f03aa 100644
--- a/backend/webserver/rpcs/moodleRPC.js
+++ b/backend/webserver/rpcs/moodleRPC.js
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 const RPC = require("../RPC.js");
 const {io: io_client} = require("socket.io-client");
+const TranslatableError = require("../../utils/TranslatableError");
 
 /**
  * Connects to the Moodle RPC service
@@ -33,7 +34,7 @@ module.exports = class MoodleRPC extends RPC {
         const response = await this.emit(eventName, data);
         if (!response['success']) {
             this.logger.error("Error in request " + eventName + ": " + response['message']);
-            throw new Error(response['message']);
+            throw new TranslatableError( "errors.rpc.requestFailed", {eventName, message: response['message']});
         }
         return response;
     }
@@ -127,7 +128,7 @@ module.exports = class MoodleRPC extends RPC {
     async downloadSubmissionsFromUrl(data) {
         const response = await this.request("downloadSubmissionsFromUrl", data);
         if (!response.success) {
-            throw new Error(response.message);
+            throw new TranslatableError( "errors.rpc.downloadFailed", {message: response.message});
         }
         return response['data'];
     }
diff --git a/backend/webserver/rpcs/pdfRPC.js b/backend/webserver/rpcs/pdfRPC.js
index fa7b07713..de51fe280 100644
--- a/backend/webserver/rpcs/pdfRPC.js
+++ b/backend/webserver/rpcs/pdfRPC.js
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 const RPC = require("../RPC.js");
 const {io: io_client} = require("socket.io-client");
+const TranslatableError = require("../../utils/TranslatableError");
 
 /**
  * PDFRPC - Handles PDF annotation operations via a remote RPC service
@@ -35,7 +36,7 @@ module.exports = class PDFRPC extends RPC {
         const response = await this.emit(eventName, data);
         if (!response['success']) {
             this.logger.error("Error in request " + eventName + ": " + response['message']);
-            throw new Error(response['message']);
+            throw new TranslatableError( "errors.rpc.requestFailed", {eventName, message: response['message']});
         }
         return response;
     }
@@ -54,7 +55,7 @@ module.exports = class PDFRPC extends RPC {
             const response = await this.request("annotationsExtract", data);
             if (!response['success']) {
                 this.logger.error("Error in request " + eventName + ": " + response['message']);
-                throw new Error(response['message']);
+                throw new TranslatableError( "errors.rpc.annotationExtractionFailed", {message: response['message']});
             }
             this.logger.info("Response from RPC service: " + response['message']);
             return response['data'];
@@ -77,7 +78,7 @@ module.exports = class PDFRPC extends RPC {
             const response = await this.request("embedAnnotations", data);
             if (!response['success']) {
                 this.logger.error("Error in request " + eventName + ": " + response['message']);
-                throw new Error(response['message']);
+                throw new TranslatableError( "errors.rpc.annotationEmbeddingFailed", {message: response['message']});
             }
             this.logger.info("Response from RPC service: " + response['message']);
             return response['data'];
@@ -100,7 +101,7 @@ module.exports = class PDFRPC extends RPC {
             const response = await this.request("deleteAllAnnotations", data);
             if (!response['success']) {
                 this.logger.error("Error in request deleteAllAnnotations: " + response['message']);
-                throw new Error(response['message']);
+                throw new TranslatableError( "errors.rpc.annotationDeletionFailed", {message: response['message']});
             }
             this.logger.info("Response from RPC service: " + response['message']);
             return response['data'];
diff --git a/backend/webserver/services/backgroundTask.js b/backend/webserver/services/backgroundTask.js
index 31128a497..2e12eecc5 100644
--- a/backend/webserver/services/backgroundTask.js
+++ b/backend/webserver/services/backgroundTask.js
@@ -93,15 +93,15 @@ module.exports = class BackgroundTaskService extends Service {
         const documentSocket = this.server.availSockets[client.socket.id]?.DocumentSocket;
         if (!documentSocket) {
             this.server.logger.error("No DocumentSocket found for client");
-            throw new Error("No DocumentSocket found for client");
+            throw new Error("errors.backgroundTask.noDocumentSocketForClient");
         }
 
         if (!preprocessingData || !preprocessingData.skillName || !preprocessingData.skillParameterMappings) {
-            throw new Error("Invalid request data: missing skillName or skillParameterMappings");
+            throw new Error("errors.backgroundTask.invalidPreprocessRequest");
         }
 
         if (!(await documentSocket.isAdmin())) {
-            throw new Error("You do not have permission to preprocess submissions");
+            throw new Error("errors.permission.noPreprocessSubmissionPermission");
         }
 
         await this.initializePreprocessingState();
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ module.exports = class BackgroundTaskService extends Service {
         const {skillName, skillParameterMappings, baseFileParameter, baseFiles} = preprocessingData;
 
         if (!skillParameterMappings) {
-            throw new Error("No skill parameter mappings provided");
+            throw new Error("errors.submission.noSkillParameterMappings");
         }
 
         this.preprocessItems = [];
@@ -450,10 +450,10 @@ module.exports = class BackgroundTaskService extends Service {
     async cancelPreprocessing(client) {
         const documentSocket = this.server.availSockets[client.socket.id]?.DocumentSocket;
         if (!documentSocket || !(await documentSocket.isAdmin())) {
-            throw new Error("Cannot cancel preprocessing: missing admin rights");
+            throw new Error("errors.submission.missingAdminRights");
         }
         if (!this.backgroundTask.preprocess) {
-            throw new Error("Cannot cancel preprocessing: no active preprocessing");
+            throw new Error("errors.submission.noActivePreprocessing");
         }
 
         this.backgroundTask.preprocess.cancelled = true;
@@ -473,12 +473,12 @@ module.exports = class BackgroundTaskService extends Service {
     async confirmCompletion(client) {
         const preprocess = this.backgroundTask.preprocess;
         if (!preprocess?.completed) {
-            throw new Error("Cannot confirm completion: no completed preprocessing to confirm");
+            throw new Error("errors.backgroundTask.noCompletedPreprocessing");
         }
 
         const documentSocket = this.server.availSockets[client.socket.id]?.DocumentSocket;
         if (!(documentSocket && await Socket.prototype.isAdmin.call(documentSocket))) {
-            throw new Error("Cannot confirm completion: missing admin rights");
+            throw new Error("errors.backgroundTask.confirmCompletionMissingAdminRights");
         }
 
         delete this.backgroundTask.preprocess;
@@ -517,7 +517,8 @@ module.exports = class BackgroundTaskService extends Service {
                 const currentRequest = currentRequestId ? this.backgroundTask.preprocess.requests[currentRequestId] : null;
                 
                 this.backgroundTask.preprocess.errors.push({
-                    message: data.error?.message || 'Unknown error',
+                    message: data.error?.key || data.error?.message || "errors.server.unknownError",
+                    params: data.error?.params,
                     requestId: currentRequestId,
                     submissionId: currentRequest?.submissionId,
                     documentId: currentRequest?.documentId,
diff --git a/backend/webserver/sockets/annotation.js b/backend/webserver/sockets/annotation.js
index 827beae71..c675936c3 100644
--- a/backend/webserver/sockets/annotation.js
+++ b/backend/webserver/sockets/annotation.js
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ class AnnotationSocket extends Socket {
         const anno = await this.models['annotation'].getById(data.annotationId);
 
         if (!(await this.checkDocumentAccess(anno.documentId))) {
-            throw new Error("You have no permission to change this annotation");
+            throw new Error("errors.permission.noAnnotationChangePermission");
         }
 
         await this.loadCommentsByAnnotation(anno.id);
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ class AnnotationSocket extends Socket {
             this.emitDoc(comment.documentId, "commentRefresh", comment);
         } catch (e) {
             this.logger.error("Error during loading of comments: " + e);
-            this.sendToast("Internal server error. Failed to load comments.", "Internal server error", "danger");
+            this.sendToast("errors.annotator.commentsLoadFailedInternal", "errors.server.internalServerError", "danger");
         }
     }
 
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ class AnnotationSocket extends Socket {
             const origAnnotation = await this.models['annotation'].getById(data.annotationId, {transaction: options.transaction});
 
             if (!(await this.checkUserAccess(origAnnotation.userId))) {
-                throw Error("You have no permission to change this annotation");
+                throw Error("errors.permission.noAnnotationChangePermission");
             }
 
             data.draft = false;
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ class AnnotationSocket extends Socket {
         const filePath = path.join(UPLOAD_PATH, `${document.hash}.pdf`);
 
         if (!fs.existsSync(filePath)) {
-            throw new Error("PDF file not found");
+            throw new Error("errors.file.pdfNotFound");
         }
         const file = fs.readFileSync(filePath);
 
diff --git a/backend/webserver/sockets/app.js b/backend/webserver/sockets/app.js
index 5bf7f7cea..176615a46 100644
--- a/backend/webserver/sockets/app.js
+++ b/backend/webserver/sockets/app.js
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ const {v4: uuidv4} = require("uuid");
 const {mergeFilter} = require("../../utils/data.js");
 const {mergeInjects} = require("../../utils/data");
 const {generateError} = require("../../utils/generic.js");
+const TranslatableError = require("../../utils/TranslatableError");
 
 /**
  * Send data for building the frontend app
@@ -84,7 +85,7 @@ class AppSocket extends Socket {
 
         // check or set user information
         if ("userId" in data.data && !await this.checkUserAccess(data.data.userId)) {
-            throw new Error("You are not allowed to update the table " + data.table + " for another user!");
+            throw new TranslatableError("errors.permission.cannotUpdateOtherUserTable", {dataTable: data.table}, "ACCESS_DENIED");
         }
 
         // check data exists for required fields
@@ -95,9 +96,7 @@ class AppSocket extends Socket {
                     data.data[field.key] === null ||
                     data.data[field.key] === ""
                 ) {
-                    {
-                        throw new Error("Required field missing: " + field.key);
-                    }
+                    throw new TranslatableError("errors.validation.requiredFieldMissing", {fieldKey: field.key}, "VALIDATION_ERROR");
                 }
             }
             // defaults
@@ -130,7 +129,7 @@ class AppSocket extends Socket {
         }
 
         if (!newEntry) {
-            throw new Error("Failed to update data");
+            throw generateError("UPDATE_FAILED", "errors.database.failedToUpdateData");
         }
 
         // check if table has a field with table options
@@ -310,7 +309,7 @@ class AppSocket extends Socket {
 
         if (!record) {
             // Record doesn't exist or was deleted
-            throw generateError("NOT_FOUND", "The requested resource does not exist or has been deleted.");
+            throw generateError("NOT_FOUND", "errors.common.resourceNotFound");
         }
 
         // Now check permissions by attempting to send via filtered sendTable
@@ -321,7 +320,7 @@ class AppSocket extends Socket {
 
         if (result.length === 0) {
             // Record exists but user doesn't have permission
-            throw generateError("ACCESS_DENIED", "You do not have rights to access this data.");
+            throw generateError("ACCESS_DENIED", "errors.common.accessDenied");
         }
     }
 
@@ -344,7 +343,7 @@ class AppSocket extends Socket {
      */
     async subscribeAppData(data, options) {
         if (!data.table) {
-            throw new Error("Table name is required");
+            throw generateError("VALIDATION_ERROR", "errors.validation.tableNameRequired");
         }
 
         // add subscription to the list
@@ -439,13 +438,25 @@ class AppSocket extends Socket {
      */
     async sendOverallSetting(data, options) {
         const { key, value } = data;
+
+        // Users with disableLanguageSelection cannot save app.locale as a user preference
+        if (
+            key === "app.locale"
+            && !(await this.isAdmin())
+            && await this.hasAccess("frontend.preferences.disableLanguageSelection")
+        ) {
+            throw new TranslatableError("errors.settings.cannotChangeLanguage");
+        }
+
         // Admin can set settings for other users (single or bulk)
         if (Array.isArray(data.userIds) && data.userIds.length > 0 && await this.isAdmin()) {
             for (const uid of data.userIds) {
-                await this.models["user_setting"].set(key, value, uid);
+                // Admin may assign any key; skip allowUserOverride guard in user_setting hooks
+                await this.models["user_setting"].set(key, value, uid, { bypassSystemSettingCheck: true });
             }
         } else if (data.userId && await this.isAdmin()) {
-            await this.models["user_setting"].set(key, value, data.userId);
+            // Admin may assign any key; skip allowUserOverride guard in user_setting hooks
+            await this.models["user_setting"].set(key, value, data.userId, { bypassSystemSettingCheck: true });
         } else {
             // Default: set for current user and refresh their settings
             console.log(`Setting ${key} for user ${this.userId} to ${value}`);
diff --git a/backend/webserver/sockets/assignment.js b/backend/webserver/sockets/assignment.js
index f07ddce4b..e946d0d2e 100644
--- a/backend/webserver/sockets/assignment.js
+++ b/backend/webserver/sockets/assignment.js
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ const Socket = require("../Socket.js");
 const {v4: uuidv4} = require("uuid");
 const _ = require("lodash");
 const {getEmailContent} = require("../../utils/emailHelper");
+const TranslatableError = require("../../utils/TranslatableError");
 
 /**
  * Handle user through websocket
@@ -246,17 +247,17 @@ class AssignmentSocket extends Socket {
                 // create a shuffle copy of the users array for each role
                 let userQueue = _.shuffle(users);
                 if (userQueue.length === 0) {
-                    throw new Error(`No users found for role ${data['roles'].find((role) => role.id === roleId).name}. Please add users to the role.`);
+                    throw new TranslatableError( "errors.assignment.noUsersFoundForRole", {roleName: data['roles'].find((role) => role.id === roleId).name});
                 }
 
                 // check if there are enough assignment for each user, that are not from the user itself
                 if (neededAssignments > shuffledAssignments.length) {
-                    throw new Error(`Not enough documents to review for role ${data['roles'].find((role) => role.id === roleId).name}. Please add more documents.`);
+                    throw new TranslatableError( "errors.assignment.notEnoughDocumentsForRole", {roleName: data['roles'].find((role) => role.id === roleId).name});
                 }
 
                 for (const user of userQueue) {
                     if (shuffledAssignments.filter((assignment) => assignment.userId !== user.id).length < neededAssignments) {
-                        throw new Error(`Not enough documents to review for ${user.firstName} ${user.lastName}. Please add more documents.`);
+                        throw new TranslatableError( "errors.assignment.notEnoughDocumentsForReviewer", {reviewerName: `${user.firstName} ${user.lastName}`});
                     }
                 }
 
@@ -329,7 +330,10 @@ class AssignmentSocket extends Socket {
                             }
 
                             if (!swapped) {
-                                throw new Error(`Unable to assign enough documents for ${user.firstName} ${user.lastName} in role ${data['roles'].find((role) => role.id === roleId).name}`);
+                                throw new TranslatableError( "errors.assignment.unableToAssignEnoughDocuments", {
+                                    reviewerName: `${user.firstName} ${user.lastName}`,
+                                    roleName: data['roles'].find((role) => role.id === roleId).name,
+                                });
                             }
                         }
 
@@ -448,7 +452,7 @@ class AssignmentSocket extends Socket {
                     }
 
                     if (!swapped) {
-                        throw new Error("Could not assign all reviewers. Please try again.");
+                        throw new Error("errors.assignment.couldNotAssignReviewers");
                     }
                 }
             }
@@ -497,7 +501,7 @@ class AssignmentSocket extends Socket {
                 // Check if the reviewer exists in selectedReviewer
                 const reviewer = data.selectedReviewer.find((r) => r.id === reviewerId);
                 if (!reviewer) {
-                    throw new Error(`Study session owner (User ID: ${reviewerId}) is not in the selected reviewers list. Please add them to the reviewer selection.`);
+                    throw new TranslatableError( "errors.assignment.studySessionOwnerNotSelectedReviewer", {reviewerId});
                 }
 
                 // Initialize array for this reviewer if not exists
@@ -541,7 +545,7 @@ class AssignmentSocket extends Socket {
             return finalAssignments;
 
         } else {
-            throw new Error("Invalid mode provided for assignment creation.");
+            throw new Error("errors.assignment.invalidMode");
         }
 
     }
@@ -724,7 +728,7 @@ class AssignmentSocket extends Socket {
                 if( targetWorkflowStepId === 'previousSubmission'){
                     // Get the original submission first
                     if(previousSubmissionId === null){
-                        throw new Error("First step selected does not map to a submission.");
+                        throw new Error("errors.assignment.firstStepNotSubmission");
                     }    
                     let originalSubmission = await this.models['submission'].findOne(
                         { where: { id: previousSubmissionId } }, 
@@ -741,7 +745,7 @@ class AssignmentSocket extends Socket {
                     );
                     //get document based on validation file for now getting pdf
                     if(!latestSubmission){
-                        throw new Error("The latest version of the chosen submission could not be found.");
+                        throw new Error("errors.assignment.latestSubmissionNotFound");
                     }
                     const document = await this.models['document'].findOne(
                         { where: { submissionId: latestSubmission.id, type: 0} },
diff --git a/backend/webserver/sockets/comment.js b/backend/webserver/sockets/comment.js
index fb4a477df..0eac53913 100644
--- a/backend/webserver/sockets/comment.js
+++ b/backend/webserver/sockets/comment.js
@@ -26,10 +26,10 @@ class CommentSocket extends Socket {
         if (origComment.userId === await this.models['user'].getUserIdByName("Bot")) {
             const parentComment = await this.models['comment'].getById(origComment.parentCommentId, {transaction: options.transaction});
             if (!(await this.checkUserAccess(parentComment.userId))) {
-                throw Error("You are not allowed to edit this comment.");
+                throw Error("errors.permission.noCommentEditPermission");
             }
         } else if (!(await this.checkUserAccess(origComment.userId))) {
-            throw Error("You are not allowed to edit this comment.");
+            throw Error("errors.permission.noCommentEditPermission");
         }
 
         const newComment = await this.models['comment'].updateById(data.commentId, Object.assign(data, {draft: false}), {transaction: options.transaction});
@@ -57,13 +57,13 @@ class CommentSocket extends Socket {
             if (data.userId === 'Bot') {
                 const parentComment = await this.models['comment'].getById(data.parentCommentId);
                 if (!(await this.checkUserAccess(parentComment.userId))) {
-                    throw Error("You are not allowed to add a comment.");
+                    throw Error("errors.permission.noCommentPermission");
                 } else {
                     data.userId = await this.models['user'].getUserIdByName("Bot");
                     data.draft = false;
                 }
             } else if (!(await this.checkUserAccess(data.userId))) {
-                throw Error("You are not allowed to add a comment.");
+                throw Error("errors.permission.noCommentPermission");
             }
         } else {
             data.userId = this.userId;
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ class CommentSocket extends Socket {
     async sendComment(data, options) {
         const comment = await this.models['comment'].getById(data.commentId);
         if (!(await this.checkDocumentAccess(comment.documentId))) {
-            throw new Error("You don't have access to this comment");
+            throw new Error("errors.permission.noCommentAccess");
         }
         this.emit("commentRefresh", comment);
     }
diff --git a/backend/webserver/sockets/configuration.js b/backend/webserver/sockets/configuration.js
index 9eaf37a5a..fe9da7131 100644
--- a/backend/webserver/sockets/configuration.js
+++ b/backend/webserver/sockets/configuration.js
@@ -22,18 +22,18 @@ class ConfigurationSocket extends Socket {
     const { configurationId, content } = data;
 
     if (!configurationId) {
-      throw new Error("Configuration ID is required");
+      throw new Error("errors.configuration.idRequiredNoPeriod");
     }
 
     if (!content) {
-      throw new Error("Configuration content is required");
+      throw new Error("errors.configuration.contentRequiredNoPeriod");
     }
 
     // Get the existing configuration
     const existingConfig = await this.models["configuration"].getById(configurationId);
 
     if (!existingConfig) {
-      throw new Error("Configuration not found");
+      throw new Error("errors.configuration.notFound");
     }
 
     // Check if user has access to update this configuration
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ class ConfigurationSocket extends Socket {
     );
     
     if (!accessAllowed) {
-      throw new Error("Access denied");
+      throw new Error("errors.configuration.accessDenied");
     }
 
     // Update only the content field
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ class ConfigurationSocket extends Socket {
    */
   async createConfiguration(data, options) {
     if (!(await this.isAdmin())) {
-      throw new Error("You do not have permission to create configurations for other users.");
+      throw new Error("errors.configuration.createForOtherUsersDenied");
     }
     const payload = {
       name: data.name,
diff --git a/backend/webserver/sockets/document.js b/backend/webserver/sockets/document.js
index aad2947ad..ff7f01df9 100644
--- a/backend/webserver/sockets/document.js
+++ b/backend/webserver/sockets/document.js
@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@ const Validator = require("../../utils/validator.js");
 const {Op} = require('sequelize');
 const {applyTemplateToDocument} = require("../../utils/documentTemplateHelper.js");
 const {generateError} = require("../../utils/generic.js");
+const TranslatableError = require("../../utils/TranslatableError");
+const i18n = require("../../utils/i18n.js");
 const {getEmailContent} = require("../../utils/emailHelper.js");
 
 const UPLOAD_PATH = `${__dirname}/../../../files`;
@@ -98,12 +100,12 @@ class DocumentSocket extends Socket {
 
         // Check if document exists in database (deleted or never existed)
         if (!document || document.deleted) {
-            throw generateError("DOCUMENT_NOT_FOUND", "The document does not exist or has been deleted.");
+            throw generateError("DOCUMENT_NOT_FOUND", "errors.documents.doesNotExistOrDeleted");
         }
 
         // Check user access permission
         if (!(await this.checkDocumentAccess(document.id))) {
-            throw generateError("ACCESS_DENIED", "You do not have access to this document.");
+            throw generateError("ACCESS_DENIED", "errors.documents.noAccess");
         }
 
         // Check if file exists on disk (optional, skip for metadata-only operations)
@@ -111,7 +113,7 @@ class DocumentSocket extends Socket {
             const filePath = `${UPLOAD_PATH}/${document.hash}.pdf`;
             const filename = filePath.split("/").pop();
             if (!fs.existsSync(filePath)) {
-                throw generateError("FILE_MISSING", `The document file ${filename} is missing from the server.`)
+                throw new TranslatableError("errors.documents.fileMissingFromServer", {filename}, "FILE_MISSING");
             }
         }
         return document;
@@ -140,16 +142,16 @@ class DocumentSocket extends Socket {
         let errors = [];
 
         if (!data['file']) {
-            throw new Error("No file uploaded");
+            throw new Error("errors.file.noFileUploaded");
         }
 
         const fileType = data['name'].substring(data['name'].lastIndexOf(".")).toLowerCase();
         if (![".pdf", ".delta", ".json", ".zip"].includes(fileType)) {
-            throw new Error("Invalid file type");
+            throw new Error("errors.file.invalidFileType");
         }
 
         if ((data['userid'] && data['userid'] !== this.userId) && !(await this.checkUserAccess(data['userId']))) {
-            throw new Error("User does not have access to upload documents");
+            throw new Error("errors.documents.noUploadAccess");
         }
 
         if (fileType === ".delta") {
@@ -219,12 +221,16 @@ class DocumentSocket extends Socket {
                     document: doc
                 });
                 if (!file) {
-                    throw new Error("Couldn't delete original annotations");
+                    // Use TranslatableError so the catch below sees `.key` and does not embed this i18n key as a plain-text param.
+                    throw new TranslatableError( "errors.documents.annotationDeleteOriginalFailed");
                 }
 
                 fs.writeFileSync(target, file);
             } catch (annotationRpcErr) {
-                errors.push("Error deleting annotations: " + annotationRpcErr.message);
+                this.logger.warn("Failed to delete annotations from PDF", annotationRpcErr);
+                errors.push(annotationRpcErr.key === "errors.documents.annotationDeleteOriginalFailed"
+                    ? {message: annotationRpcErr.key}
+                    : {message: "errors.documents.annotationDeleteFailedGeneric"});
                 fs.writeFileSync(target, data.file);
             }
 
@@ -243,7 +249,17 @@ class DocumentSocket extends Socket {
                             try {
                                 textPositions = getTextPositions(extracted.text, data.wholeText);
                             } catch (error) {
-                                errors.push("Error extracting text positions for text " + extracted.text + ": " + error.message);
+                                if (error.key) {
+                                    errors.push({
+                                        message: error.key,
+                                        params: {text: extracted.text, ...(error.params || {})},
+                                    });
+                                    continue;
+                                }
+                                errors.push({
+                                    message: "errors.documents.textPositionExtractionFailed",
+                                    params: {text: extracted.text},
+                                });
                                 continue;
                             }
 
@@ -298,13 +314,22 @@ class DocumentSocket extends Socket {
                                 await this.models['comment'].add(newComment, {transaction: options.transaction});
 
                             } catch (annotationErr) {
-                                errors.push("Error adding annotation: " + annotationErr.message);
+                                if (annotationErr.key) {
+                                    errors.push({
+                                        message: annotationErr.key,
+                                        params: annotationErr.params,
+                                    });
+                                } else if (typeof annotationErr.message === "string" && i18n.hasKey(annotationErr.message)) {
+                                    errors.push({message: annotationErr.message});
+                                } else {
+                                    errors.push({message: "errors.documents.annotationAddFailed"});
+                                }
                                 continue;
                             }
                         }
                     }
                 } catch (annotationRpcErr) {
-                    errors.push("The document was uploaded, but automatic annotation extraction failed. You can still use the document, but annotations may be missing.");
+                    errors.push({message: "errors.documents.automaticAnnotationExtractionFailed"});
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -325,7 +350,7 @@ class DocumentSocket extends Socket {
     async updateDocument(data, options) {
         const doc = await this.models['document'].getById(data['id']);
         if (!(await this.checkUserAccess(doc.userId))) {
-            throw new Error("You are not allowed to update this document");
+            throw new Error("errors.documents.updateNotAllowed");
         }
 
         const newDocument = await this.models['document'].updateById(doc.id, data);
@@ -450,10 +475,10 @@ class DocumentSocket extends Socket {
                 this.socket.emit("documentFileMerged", {document: doc, deltas: delta});
                 return delta;
             } else {
-                throw new Error("Non-HTML/Modal documents are not supported for this operation");
+                throw new Error("errors.documents.nonHtmlModalUnsupported");
             }
         } else {
-            throw new Error("You do not have access to this document");
+            throw new Error("errors.documents.noAccess");
         }
 
     }
@@ -537,7 +562,7 @@ class DocumentSocket extends Socket {
 
             this.logger.info("Deltas file updated successfully.");
         } else {
-            throw new Error("Non-HTML/MODAL documents are not supported for this operation");
+            throw new Error("errors.documents.nonHtmlModalUnsupportedUppercase");
         }
     }
 
@@ -562,7 +587,7 @@ class DocumentSocket extends Socket {
      */
     async getData(data, options) {
         if (!data.documentId) {
-            throw new Error("Document ID is required.");
+            throw new Error("errors.documents.idRequired");
         }
         
         const document = await this.validateDocument(data.documentId, 'id', true);
@@ -722,7 +747,7 @@ class DocumentSocket extends Socket {
         if (await this.checkUserAccess(doc.userId)) {
             this.emit("documentRefresh", await this.models['document'].updateById(doc.id, {public: true}));
         } else {
-            throw new Error("You do not have access to this document");
+            throw new Error("errors.documents.noAccess");
         }
     }
 
@@ -867,7 +892,7 @@ class DocumentSocket extends Socket {
         if (assignmentId) {
             assignment = await this.models["assignment"].getById(assignmentId, {});
             if (!assignment) {
-                throw new Error(`Assignment with id ${assignmentId} not found`);
+                throw new TranslatableError( "errors.assignment.notFound", {assignmentId});
             }
         }
 
@@ -884,7 +909,10 @@ class DocumentSocket extends Socket {
                 const validationResult = await this.validator.validateSubmissionFiles(tempFiles, data.validationConfigurationId? data.validationConfigurationId : (assignment ? assignment.validationConfigurationId : null));
 
                 if (!validationResult.success) {
-                    throw new Error(validationResult.message || "Validation failed");
+                    if (validationResult.params) {
+                        throw new TranslatableError( validationResult.message, validationResult.params);
+                    }
+                    throw new Error(validationResult.message || "errors.validation.validationFailedGeneric");
                 }
 
                 // 3. Determine previousSubmissionId
@@ -898,7 +926,11 @@ class DocumentSocket extends Socket {
 
                     // Check revision limit (0 = unlimited)
                     if (assignment && assignment.maxRevisions > 0 && assignmentSubmissions.length >= assignment.maxRevisions) {
-                        throw new Error(`Revision limit reached: user ${submission.userId} already has ${assignmentSubmissions.length} submission(s) for this assignment (max: ${assignment.maxRevisions}).`);
+                        throw new TranslatableError( "errors.assignment.revisionLimitReached", {
+                            userId: submission.userId,
+                            submissionCount: assignmentSubmissions.length,
+                            maxRevisions: assignment.maxRevisions,
+                        });
                     }
 
                     const childByParentId = new Map();
@@ -967,7 +999,9 @@ class DocumentSocket extends Socket {
                     userExtId: submission.userExtId,
                     firstName: submission.firstName,
                     lastName: submission.lastName,
-                    message: err.message,
+                    message: err.key
+                        || (typeof err.message === "string" && i18n.hasKey(err.message) ? err.message : "errors.server.unknownError"),
+                    params: err.params,
                 });
             }
 
@@ -1091,7 +1125,10 @@ class DocumentSocket extends Socket {
             const result = await this.validator.validateSubmissionFiles(files, validationConfigurationId);
 
             if (!result.success) {
-                throw new Error(result.message || "Validation failed");
+                if (result.params) {
+                    throw new TranslatableError( result.message, result.params);
+                }
+                throw new Error(result.message || "errors.validation.validationFailedGeneric");
             }
 
             if (assignmentId && submissionId) {
@@ -1117,7 +1154,7 @@ class DocumentSocket extends Socket {
             if (assignmentId) {
                 const assignment = await this.models["assignment"].getById(assignmentId, {transaction});
                 if (!assignment) {
-                    throw new Error(`Assignment with id ${assignmentId} not found`);
+                    throw new TranslatableError( "errors.assignment.notFound", {assignmentId});
                 }
                 resolvedProjectId = resolvedProjectId ?? assignment.projectId ?? null;
 
@@ -1166,9 +1203,10 @@ class DocumentSocket extends Socket {
                     }
 
                     if (chainDepth >= assignment.maxRevisions) {
-                        throw new Error(
-                            `Maximum revisions reached for this assignment (${chainDepth}/${assignment.maxRevisions})`
-                        );
+                        throw new TranslatableError( "errors.assignment.maxRevisionsReached", {
+                            currentCount: chainDepth,
+                            maxRevisions: assignment.maxRevisions,
+                        });
                     }
                 }
             } else {
@@ -1219,7 +1257,8 @@ class DocumentSocket extends Socket {
             }
         } catch (error) {
             this.logger.error(error);
-            throw new Error(error);
+            // Preserve i18n keys/params from the original error; wrapping it would turn keys into "Error: ...".
+            throw error;
         }
     }
 
@@ -1247,11 +1286,11 @@ class DocumentSocket extends Socket {
 
         const assignment = await this.models["assignment"].getById(assignmentId, {transaction});
         if (!assignment) {
-            throw new Error(`Assignment with id ${assignmentId} not found`);
+            throw new TranslatableError( "errors.assignment.notFound", {assignmentId});
         }
 
         if (assignment.closed) {
-            throw new Error("Cannot replace submission because the assignment is closed.");
+            throw new Error("errors.documents.replaceAssignmentClosed");
         }
 
         const oldSubmission = await this.models["submission"].findOne({
@@ -1266,14 +1305,14 @@ class DocumentSocket extends Socket {
         });
 
         if (!oldSubmission) {
-            throw new Error(`Submission with id ${submissionId} not found for this assignment`);
+            throw new TranslatableError( "errors.submission.notFoundForAssignment", {submissionId});
         }
         const resolvedProjectId = projectId ?? oldSubmission.projectId ?? assignment.projectId ?? null;
 
         const isOwner = this.userId === oldSubmission.userId;
         const hasRight = await this.hasAccess('frontend.dashboard.assignments.replaceDeleteSubmissions');
         if (!isOwner && !hasRight) {
-            throw new Error("You are not allowed to replace this submission.");
+            throw new Error("errors.documents.replaceNotAllowed");
         }
 
         const oldSubmissionDocuments = await this.models["document"].findAll({
@@ -1288,7 +1327,7 @@ class DocumentSocket extends Socket {
             (document) => Number(document.studyUsageCount || 0) > 0
         );
         if (hasStudyLinkedDocument) {
-            throw new Error("Cannot replace submission because one or more linked documents are used in studies.");
+            throw new Error("errors.documents.replaceDocumentsUsedInStudies");
         }
 
         const newSubmission = await this.models["submission"].add({
@@ -1443,7 +1482,7 @@ class DocumentSocket extends Socket {
             const filePath = `${UPLOAD_PATH}/${document.hash}${fileExtension}`;
 
             if (!fs.existsSync(filePath)) {
-                throw new Error(`File ${document.hash}${fileExtension} not found`);
+                throw new TranslatableError( "errors.documents.fileNotFoundByName", {fileName: `${document.hash}${fileExtension}`});
             }
 
             let file = fs.readFileSync(filePath); // Buffer
@@ -1561,7 +1600,7 @@ class DocumentSocket extends Socket {
      */
     async publishReviewLinks(data) {
         if (!(await this.isAdmin())) {
-            throw new Error("You do not have permission to upload review links");
+            throw new Error("errors.documents.noReviewLinkUploadPermission");
         }
         return await this.server.rpcs["MoodleRPC"].publishAssignmentTextFeedback({
             options: data.options,
diff --git a/backend/webserver/sockets/setting.js b/backend/webserver/sockets/setting.js
index 3c220b681..19eb3406d 100644
--- a/backend/webserver/sockets/setting.js
+++ b/backend/webserver/sockets/setting.js
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ class SettingSocket extends Socket {
      */
     async sendSettings(data, options) {
          if (!(await this.isAdmin())) {
-            throw new Error("You do not have permission to access settings.");
+            throw new Error("errors.settings.noAccessPermission");
         }
 
         return await this.getDashboardSettingsPayload();
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ class SettingSocket extends Socket {
    */
     async saveSettings(data, options) {
         if (!(await this.isAdmin())) {
-            throw new Error("You do not have permission to save settings.");
+            throw new Error("errors.settings.noSavePermission");
         }
 
         const { touchesMailService } = await saveSettings(this.models["setting"], data, {
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ class SettingSocket extends Socket {
             this.emit("settingData", await this.getDashboardSettingsPayload()); // Refresh settings on this socket
         });
 
-        return "Settings saved successfully.";
+        return "settings.messages.settingsSavedSuccessfully";
     }
 
     /**
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ class SettingSocket extends Socket {
      */
     async mailSendTest(data, options) {
         if (!(await this.isAdmin())) {
-            throw new Error("You do not have permission to send test mail.");
+            throw new Error("errors.settings.noTestMailPermission");
         }
 
         const rows = await this.models["setting"].getMailServiceSettings();
diff --git a/backend/webserver/sockets/statistic.js b/backend/webserver/sockets/statistic.js
index 2754bfcd2..8464f10fb 100644
--- a/backend/webserver/sockets/statistic.js
+++ b/backend/webserver/sockets/statistic.js
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ class StatisticSocket extends Socket {
                 this.socket.emit("statsDataByUser", {
                     success: false,
                     userId: data.userId,
-                    message: "User rights and argument mismatch"
+                    message: "errors.statistics.userRightsArgumentMismatch"
                 });
                 this.logger.error("User right and request parameter mismatch. User did not agree to stats collection.");
             }
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ class StatisticSocket extends Socket {
      */
     async getStats(data, options) {
         if (!await this.isAdmin()) {
-            throw new Error("You don't have permission to access this data");
+            throw new Error("errors.permission.noPermissionToAccesData");
         }
 
         if (data.userId) {
diff --git a/backend/webserver/sockets/study.js b/backend/webserver/sockets/study.js
index b6bb76488..43088ebee 100644
--- a/backend/webserver/sockets/study.js
+++ b/backend/webserver/sockets/study.js
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ class StudySocket extends Socket {
                     context: { stepDocuments: stepDocuments }
                 });
             } else {
-                throw new Error("No permission to save study as template");
+                throw new Error("errors.studies.noPermissionSaveAsTemplate");
             }
         }
     }
@@ -144,16 +144,16 @@ class StudySocket extends Socket {
      */
     async closeStudy(data, options) {
         if (!data.studyId) {
-            throw new Error("studyId is required");
+            throw new Error("errors.studies.studyIdRequired");
         }
 
         const study = await this.models["study"].getById(data.studyId, {transaction: options.transaction});
         if (!study) {
-            throw new Error("Study not found");
+            throw new Error("errors.studies.studyNotFound");
         }
 
         if (study.closed) {
-            throw new Error("Study is already closed");
+            throw new Error("errors.studies.studyAlreadyClosed");
         }
 
         const updatedStudy = await this.models["study"].updateById(
diff --git a/backend/webserver/sockets/study_session.js b/backend/webserver/sockets/study_session.js
index 3458eed4e..07783e7ed 100644
--- a/backend/webserver/sockets/study_session.js
+++ b/backend/webserver/sockets/study_session.js
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ class StudySessionSocket extends Socket {
         if (await this.checkUserAccess(study.userId)) {
             this.emit("study_sessionRefresh", await this.models['study_session'].getAllByKey("studyId", studyId));
         } else {
-            this.sendToast("You are not allowed to see this study", "Error", "Danger");
+            this.sendToast("errors.studies.notAllowedToSeeStudy", "errors.studies.errorTitle", "Danger");
         }
     }
 
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ class StudySessionSocket extends Socket {
         if (data.studySessionId && data.studySessionId !== 0) {
             const existing = await this.models["study_session"].getById(data.studySessionId, {transaction: options.transaction});
             if (!existing) {
-                throw new Error("Study session not found");
+                throw new Error("errors.studies.studySession.notFound");
             }
             shouldSendSessionStartEmail = existing.start == null;
             session = await this.models["study_session"].updateById(data.studySessionId,
@@ -178,21 +178,21 @@ class StudySessionSocket extends Socket {
      */
     async finishStudySession(data, options) {
         if (!data.studySessionId) {
-            throw new Error("studySessionId is required");
+            throw new Error("errors.studies.studySession.idRequired");
         }
 
         const session = await this.models["study_session"].getById(data.studySessionId, {transaction: options.transaction});
         if (!session) {
-            throw new Error("Study session not found");
+            throw new Error("errors.studies.studySession.notFound");
         }
 
         if (session.end) {
-            throw new Error("Study session has already been finished");
+            throw new Error("errors.studies.studySession.alreadyFinished");
         }
 
         const study = await this.models["study"].getById(session.studyId, {transaction: options.transaction});
         if (study && study.closed) {
-            throw new Error("Cannot finish session: The study has been closed. Sessions are automatically terminated when a study is closed.");
+            throw new Error("errors.studies.studySession.cannotFinishClosedStudy");
         }
 
         const updatedSession = await this.models["study_session"].updateById(
diff --git a/backend/webserver/sockets/submission.js b/backend/webserver/sockets/submission.js
index 57ae2ba06..c0da55988 100644
--- a/backend/webserver/sockets/submission.js
+++ b/backend/webserver/sockets/submission.js
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 const Socket = require("../Socket.js");
+const TranslatableError = require("../../utils/TranslatableError");
 
 /**
  * Handle submissions through websocket
@@ -31,7 +32,10 @@ class SubmissionSocket extends Socket {
                     const copyResult = await this.models["submission"].copySubmission(submissionId, this.userId, {transaction});
                     copiedResults.push(copyResult);
                 } catch (error) {
-                    throw new Error(`Failed to copy submission with ${submissionId}: ${error.message}`);
+                    if (error.key) {
+                        throw error;
+                    }
+                    throw new TranslatableError( "errors.submission.copyWithIdFailed", {submissionId, message: error.message});
                 }
             }
             const copiedSubmissionIds = copiedResults.map(({copiedSubmission}) => copiedSubmission.id);
@@ -64,15 +68,15 @@ class SubmissionSocket extends Socket {
 
         const submission = await this.models['submission'].getById(id, { transaction });
         if (!submission) {
-            throw new Error("Submission not found.");
+            throw new Error("errors.submission.notFoundGeneric");
         }
         if (!(await this.checkUserAccess(submission.userId))) {
-            throw new Error("You are not allowed to delete this submission.");
+            throw new Error("errors.submission.updateNotAllowed");
         }
 
         const assignment = await this.models['assignment'].getById(submission.assignmentId, { transaction });
         if (assignment && assignment.closed) {
-            throw new Error("Cannot delete submission because the assignment is closed.");
+            throw new Error("errors.submission.deleteAssignmentClosed");
         }
 
         const documents = await this.models['document'].findAll({
@@ -82,7 +86,7 @@ class SubmissionSocket extends Socket {
         });
         const isStudyLocked = documents.some(doc => Number(doc.studyUsageCount || 0) > 0);
         if (isStudyLocked) {
-            throw new Error("Cannot delete submission because one or more linked documents are used in studies.");
+            throw new Error("errors.submission.deleteDocumentsUsedInStudies");
         }
 
         return await this.models['submission'].deleteById(id, { force, transaction });
@@ -100,7 +104,7 @@ class SubmissionSocket extends Socket {
      */
     async publishGrades(data) {
         if (!(await this.isAdmin())) {
-            throw new Error("You do not have permission to upload grades");
+            throw new Error("errors.submission.noGradeUploadPermission");
         }
         return await this.server.rpcs["MoodleRPC"].publishAssignmentGrade({
             options: data.options,
diff --git a/backend/webserver/sockets/template.js b/backend/webserver/sockets/template.js
index 1b0ef5e86..c1b17d2b2 100644
--- a/backend/webserver/sockets/template.js
+++ b/backend/webserver/sockets/template.js
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ const {
   getMissingRequiredPlaceholders,
   formatMissingPlaceholderError,
 } = require("../../utils/templateResolver");
+const TranslatableError = require("../../utils/TranslatableError");
 
 /**
  * Handle templates through websocket
@@ -36,10 +37,10 @@ class TemplateSocket extends Socket {
    */
   async createTemplate(data, options) {
     if (!data.name || !data.description || data.type === undefined || data.content === undefined) {
-        throw new Error("Missing required fields: name, description, type, content");
+        throw new Error("errors.templates.missingCreateFields");
     }
     if (!(await this.isAdmin()) && [1, 2, 3, 6, 7].includes(data.type)) {
-      throw new Error("Access denied: Only administrators can create email templates");
+      throw new Error("errors.templates.adminOnlyEmailTemplateCreate");
     }
 
     const defaultLanguage = data.defaultLanguage || "en";
@@ -82,19 +83,19 @@ class TemplateSocket extends Socket {
    * @returns {Promise<Object>}            
    */
   async getContent(data, options){
-    if (!data.templateId) throw new Error("Template ID is required");
-    if (!data.language) throw new Error("Language is required");
+    if (!data.templateId) throw new Error("errors.templates.templateIdRequired");
+    if (!data.language) throw new Error("errors.templates.languageRequired");
 
     const template = await this.models["template"].getById(data.templateId);
     if (!template) {
-      throw new Error("Template not found");
+      throw new Error("errors.templates.notFound");
     }
     
     const isOwner = template.userId === this.userId;
     const isPublicFromOthers = template.public === true && !isOwner;
     
     if (!isOwner && !isPublicFromOthers) {
-      throw new Error("You can only view templates that you own or public templates from others");
+      throw new Error("errors.templates.viewOwnOrPublicOnly");
     }
 
     const langRow = await this.models["template_content"].findOne({
@@ -173,25 +174,25 @@ class TemplateSocket extends Socket {
    * @returns {Promise<Object>}
    */
   async editContent(data, options) {
-    if (!data.templateId) throw new Error("Template ID is required");
-    if (!data.language) throw new Error("Language is required");
+    if (!data.templateId) throw new Error("errors.templates.templateIdRequired");
+    if (!data.language) throw new Error("errors.templates.languageRequired");
     if (!data.ops || !Array.isArray(data.ops)) {
-      throw new Error("Delta operations are required");
+      throw new Error("errors.templates.deltaOperationsRequired");
     }
 
     const template = await this.models["template"].getById(data.templateId);
     if (!template) {
-      throw new Error("Template not found");
+      throw new Error("errors.templates.notFound");
     }
 
     // Check ownership: users (including admins) can only edit content of their own templates
     if (template.userId !== this.userId) {
-      throw new Error("You can only edit content of templates that you own");
+      throw new Error("errors.templates.editOwnContentOnly");
     }
 
     // Copied templates cannot be edited
     if (template.sourceId) {
-      throw new Error("Copied templates cannot be edited");
+      throw new Error("errors.templates.copiedCannotBeEdited");
     }
 
     const bulkEdits = data.ops.map((op, idx) => ({
@@ -218,7 +219,8 @@ class TemplateSocket extends Socket {
    * @param {Object} data                   The data object
    * @param {number} data.templateType      Template type (required, 1-5)
    * @param {string} data.placeholderKey    Placeholder key (required, e.g., "username")
-   * @param {string} data.placeholderLabel  Placeholder label (required, e.g., "Username")
+   * @param {string} data.placeholderLabel  i18n key for label (required, e.g. "templates.placeholders.labels.emailGeneral.username")
+   * @param {string} [data.placeholderDescription] i18n key for short description
    * @param {string} data.placeholderType   Placeholder type (required, e.g., "text")
    * @param {boolean} [data.required=false] Whether placeholder is required
    * @param {Object} options
@@ -226,12 +228,12 @@ class TemplateSocket extends Socket {
    * @returns {Promise<Object>}
    */
   async addPlaceholder(data, options) {
-    if (!(await this.isAdmin())) throw new Error("Access denied");
+    if (!(await this.isAdmin())) throw new Error("errors.templates.accessDenied");
     if (!data.templateType || ![1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7].includes(data.templateType)) {
-      throw new Error("Template type is required and must be 1-7");
+      throw new Error("errors.templates.typeRequired");
     }
     if (!data.placeholderKey || !data.placeholderLabel || !data.placeholderType) {
-      throw new Error("Missing required fields: placeholderKey, placeholderLabel, placeholderType");
+      throw new Error("errors.templates.missingPlaceholderFields");
     }
 
     const payload = {
@@ -241,6 +243,9 @@ class TemplateSocket extends Socket {
       placeholderType: data.placeholderType,
       required: data.required ?? false,
     };
+    if (data.placeholderDescription !== undefined) {
+      payload.placeholderDescription = data.placeholderDescription;
+    }
 
     return await this.models["placeholder"].add(
       payload,
@@ -262,16 +267,16 @@ class TemplateSocket extends Socket {
    * @returns {Promise<Object>}
    */
   async updatePlaceholder(data, options) {
-    if (!(await this.isAdmin())) throw new Error("Access denied");
-    if (!data.id) throw new Error("Placeholder ID is required");
-    
+    if (!(await this.isAdmin())) throw new Error("errors.templates.accessDenied");
+    if (!data.id) throw new Error("errors.templates.placeholderIdRequired");
+
     const updateData = {};
     if (data.placeholderLabel !== undefined) updateData.placeholderLabel = data.placeholderLabel;
     if (data.placeholderType !== undefined) updateData.placeholderType = data.placeholderType;
     if (data.required !== undefined) updateData.required = data.required;
 
     if (Object.keys(updateData).length === 0) {
-      throw new Error("No fields to update");
+      throw new Error("errors.templates.noFieldsToUpdate");
     }
 
     return await this.models["placeholder"].updateById(
@@ -293,11 +298,11 @@ class TemplateSocket extends Socket {
    * @returns {Promise<Array>}
    */
   async getAllPlaceholders(data, options) {
-    if (!data.templateId) throw new Error("Template ID is required");
+    if (!data.templateId) throw new Error("errors.templates.templateIdRequired");
 
     const template = await this.models["template"].getById(data.templateId);
     if (!template) {
-      throw new Error("Template not found");
+      throw new Error("errors.templates.notFound");
     }
     
     // Check access: users (including admins) can view placeholders for their own templates or public templates from others
@@ -305,7 +310,7 @@ class TemplateSocket extends Socket {
     const isPublicFromOthers = template.public === true && !isOwner;
     
     if (!isOwner && !isPublicFromOthers) {
-      throw new Error("Access denied: You can only view placeholders for templates that you own or public templates from others");
+      throw new Error("errors.templates.viewPlaceholdersOwnOrPublicOnly");
     }
 
     return await this.models["placeholder"].getAllByKey(
@@ -327,16 +332,16 @@ class TemplateSocket extends Socket {
    * @returns {Promise<Array<string>>}
    */
   async getLanguages(data, options) {
-    if (!data.templateId) throw new Error("Template ID is required");
+    if (!data.templateId) throw new Error("errors.templates.templateIdRequired");
 
     const template = await this.models["template"].getById(data.templateId);
     if (!template) {
-      throw new Error("Template not found");
+      throw new Error("errors.templates.notFound");
     }
     const isOwner = template.userId === this.userId;
     const isPublicFromOthers = template.public === true && !isOwner;
     if (!isOwner && !isPublicFromOthers) {
-      throw new Error("You can only view templates that you own or public templates from others");
+      throw new Error("errors.templates.viewOwnOrPublicOnly");
     }
 
     const rows = await this.models["template_content"].findAll({
@@ -367,15 +372,15 @@ class TemplateSocket extends Socket {
    * @returns {Promise<Object>}
    */
   async addContent(data, options) {
-    if (!data.templateId) throw new Error("Template ID is required");
-    if (!data.language) throw new Error("Language is required");
+    if (!data.templateId) throw new Error("errors.templates.templateIdRequired");
+    if (!data.language) throw new Error("errors.templates.languageRequired");
 
     const template = await this.models["template"].getById(data.templateId);
     if (!template) {
-      throw new Error("Template not found");
+      throw new Error("errors.templates.notFound");
     }
     if (template.userId !== this.userId) {
-      throw new Error("You can only add language content to templates that you own");
+      throw new Error("errors.templates.addLanguageOwnOnly");
     }
 
     const templateContentModel = this.models["template_content"];
@@ -425,10 +430,10 @@ class TemplateSocket extends Socket {
    * @returns {Promise<string|Object>} 
    */
   async resolveTemplatePlaceholders(data, options) {
-    if (!(await this.isAdmin())) throw new Error("Access denied");
-    if (!data.templateId) throw new Error("Template ID is required");
+    if (!(await this.isAdmin())) throw new Error("errors.templates.accessDenied");
+    if (!data.templateId) throw new Error("errors.templates.templateIdRequired");
     if (!data.context || typeof data.context !== 'object') {
-      throw new Error("Context object is required");
+      throw new Error("errors.templates.contextObjectRequired");
     }
 
     // Get baseUrl from settings if not provided in context
@@ -505,7 +510,8 @@ class TemplateSocket extends Socket {
           options
         );
         if (missing.length > 0) {
-          throw new Error(formatMissingPlaceholderError(missing, { action: "saving" }));
+          const { key, params } = formatMissingPlaceholderError(missing, { action: "saving" });
+          throw new TranslatableError(key, params);
         }
       }
       return;
@@ -534,7 +540,8 @@ class TemplateSocket extends Socket {
         options
       );
       if (missing.length > 0) {
-        throw new Error(formatMissingPlaceholderError(missing, { action: "saving" }));
+        const { key, params } = formatMissingPlaceholderError(missing, { action: "saving" });
+        throw new TranslatableError(key, params);
       }
     }
 
@@ -583,8 +590,8 @@ class TemplateSocket extends Socket {
    * @returns {Promise<void>}
    */
   async closeTemplate(data, options) {
-    if (!data.templateId) throw new Error("Template ID is required");
-    if (!data.language) throw new Error("Language is required");
+    if (!data.templateId) throw new Error("errors.templates.templateIdRequired");
+    if (!data.language) throw new Error("errors.templates.languageRequired");
 
     const template = await this.models["template"].getById(data.templateId);
     if (!template) return;
@@ -608,8 +615,8 @@ class TemplateSocket extends Socket {
    * @returns {Promise<void>}
    */
   async discardDrafts(data, options) {
-    if (!data.templateId) throw new Error("Template ID is required");
-    if (!data.language) throw new Error("Language is required");
+    if (!data.templateId) throw new Error("errors.templates.templateIdRequired");
+    if (!data.language) throw new Error("errors.templates.languageRequired");
 
     const template = await this.models["template"].getById(data.templateId);
     if (!template) return;
@@ -642,12 +649,12 @@ class TemplateSocket extends Socket {
    * @returns {Promise<Object>}
    */
   async detachTemplate(data, options) {
-    if (!data.templateId) throw new Error("Template ID is required");
+    if (!data.templateId) throw new Error("errors.templates.templateIdRequired");
 
     const copy = await this.models["template"].getById(data.templateId);
-    if (!copy) throw new Error("Template not found");
-    if (copy.userId !== this.userId) throw new Error("You can only detach your own copies");
-    if (!copy.sourceId) throw new Error("Template is not a copy");
+    if (!copy) throw new Error("errors.templates.notFound");
+    if (copy.userId !== this.userId) throw new Error("errors.templates.detachOwnCopiesOnly");
+    if (!copy.sourceId) throw new Error("errors.templates.notACopy");
 
     return await this.models["template"].detach(
       data.templateId,
@@ -668,11 +675,11 @@ class TemplateSocket extends Socket {
    * @returns {Promise<Object>}
    */
   async copyTemplate(data, options) {
-    if (!data.sourceTemplateId) throw new Error("Source template ID is required");
+    if (!data.sourceTemplateId) throw new Error("errors.templates.sourceTemplateIdRequired");
 
     const source = await this.models["template"].getById(data.sourceTemplateId);
     if (!(await this.isAdmin()) && [1, 2, 3, 6, 7].includes(source?.type)) {
-      throw new Error("Access denied: Only administrators can copy email templates");
+      throw new Error("errors.templates.adminOnlyEmailTemplateCopy");
     }
 
     const copiedTemplate = await this.models["template"].copyTemplate(
@@ -706,11 +713,11 @@ class TemplateSocket extends Socket {
    * @returns {Promise<Object>}
    */
   async updateFromSource(data, options) {
-    if (!data.templateId) throw new Error("Template ID is required");
+    if (!data.templateId) throw new Error("errors.templates.templateIdRequired");
 
     const copy = await this.models["template"].getById(data.templateId);
-    if (!copy) throw new Error("Template not found");
-    if (copy.userId !== this.userId) throw new Error("You can only update your own copies");
+    if (!copy) throw new Error("errors.templates.notFound");
+    if (copy.userId !== this.userId) throw new Error("errors.templates.updateOwnCopiesOnly");
 
     return await this.models["template"].updateFromSource(
       data.templateId,
@@ -729,19 +736,19 @@ class TemplateSocket extends Socket {
    * @returns {Promise<Object>}
    */
   async deleteTemplate(data, options) {
-    if (!data.templateId) throw new Error("Template ID is required");
+    if (!data.templateId) throw new Error("errors.templates.templateIdRequired");
 
     const template = await this.models["template"].getById(data.templateId, {transaction: options.transaction});
     if (!template) {
-      throw new Error("Template not found");
+      throw new Error("errors.templates.notFound");
     }
 
     if (template.userId !== this.userId) {
-      throw new Error("You can only delete templates that you own");
+      throw new Error("errors.templates.deleteOwnOnly");
     }
 
     if (template.public && [1, 2, 3, 6, 7].includes(template.type)) {
-      throw new Error("Public email templates cannot be deleted");
+      throw new Error("errors.templates.publicEmailCannotDelete");
     }
 
     if ([1, 2, 3, 6, 7].includes(template.type)) {
@@ -755,7 +762,7 @@ class TemplateSocket extends Socket {
       });
       if (usedBySettings.length > 0) {
         const settingNames = usedBySettings.map(s => s.key.replace("email.template.", "")).join(", ");
-        throw new Error(`Template is currently assigned as an email template (${settingNames}). Please unassign it in Settings before deleting.`);
+        throw new TranslatableError( "errors.templates.assignedEmailTemplate", {settingNames});
       }
     }
 
diff --git a/backend/webserver/sockets/user.js b/backend/webserver/sockets/user.js
index 4b00b8179..f04df86c4 100644
--- a/backend/webserver/sockets/user.js
+++ b/backend/webserver/sockets/user.js
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ class UserSocket extends Socket {
      */
     async createUser(data, options) {
         if (!(await this.isAdmin())) {
-            throw new Error("User rights and argument mismatch");
+            throw new Error("errors.users.userRightsArgumentMismatch");
         }
         const user = await this.models["user"].add(data, {transaction: options.transaction});
         // TODO: update frontend user data, don't overwrite it was is currently done (see also refreshState in store/utils.js)
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ class UserSocket extends Socket {
      */
     async getUserDetails(data, options) {
         if (!(await this.isAdmin())) {
-            throw new Error("User rights and argument mismatch");
+            throw new Error("errors.users.userRightsArgumentMismatch");
         }
         return await this.models["user"].getUserDetails(data);
     }
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ class UserSocket extends Socket {
      */
     async updateUserDetails(data, options) {
         if (!(await this.isAdmin())) {
-            throw new Error("User rights and argument mismatch");
+            throw new Error("errors.users.userRightsArgumentMismatch");
         }
         return await this.models["user"].updateUserDetails(data, options);
     }
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ class UserSocket extends Socket {
             if (!(await this.hasAccess(rightToFetch))) {
                 const msg = "This user does not have the right to load users by their role.";
                 this.logger.error(msg);
-                throw new Error(msg);
+                throw new Error("errors.users.noRightToLoadUsersByRole");
             }
             return role === "all" ? await this.models["user"].getAll() : await this.models["user"].getUsersByRole(role);
         } catch (error) {
@@ -248,7 +248,9 @@ class UserSocket extends Socket {
                         });
                     } else {
                         errors.push({
-                            email: user.email, message: "User with mail " + user.email + " not found",
+                            email: user.email,
+                            message: "errors.users.userWithMailNotFound",
+                            params: {email: user.email},
                         });
                     }
                 }
@@ -264,16 +266,21 @@ class UserSocket extends Socket {
                 try {
                     if (error.name === "SequelizeUniqueConstraintError" && error.errors[0].path === "email") {
                         errors.push({
-                            extId: user.extId, message: "duplicate email",
+                            extId: user.extId,
+                            message: "errors.users.duplicateEmail",
                         });
                     } else {
                         errors.push({
-                            extId: user.extId, message: error.errors[0].message,
+                            extId: user.extId,
+                            message: "errors.users.bulkCreateValidationFailed",
+                            params: {message: error.errors[0].message},
                         });
                     }
                 } catch (e) {
                     errors.push({
-                        extId: user.extId, message: e.message,
+                        extId: user.extId,
+                        message: "errors.users.bulkCreateValidationFailed",
+                        params: {message: e.message},
                     });
                 }
                 this.logger.error("Failed to bulk create user: " + user.email);
@@ -307,7 +314,7 @@ class UserSocket extends Socket {
     async updateUserConsent(data, options) {
         const user = await this.models['user'].getById(this.userId);
         if (!user) {
-            throw new Error("Failed to update user: User not found");
+            throw new Error("errors.users.failedToUpdateUser");
         }
 
         return _.omit(await this.models["user"].updateById(user.id,
@@ -338,7 +345,7 @@ class UserSocket extends Socket {
         const {userId, password, oldPassword} = data;
         if (!(await this.isAdmin()) || this.userId === userId) {
             if (userId !== this.userId) {
-                throw new Error("User rights and argument mismatch");
+                throw new Error("errors.users.userRightsArgumentMismatch");
             }
             const user = await this.models["user"].findOne({where:{
                 id: userId
@@ -346,7 +353,7 @@ class UserSocket extends Socket {
             const hashedOldPassword = await genPwdHash(oldPassword, user.salt);
             const iscorrectPassword = user.passwordHash === hashedOldPassword;
             if(!iscorrectPassword){
-                throw new Error("You entered an incorrect Password")
+                throw new Error("errors.users.incorrectPassword")
             }
         } 
         await this.models["user"].resetUserPwd(userId, password);
@@ -392,7 +399,7 @@ class UserSocket extends Socket {
 
     async getRoleRights(data, options) {
         if(!(await this.isAdmin())){
-            throw new Error("no permission to get role rights");
+            throw new Error("errors.users.noPermissionGetRoleRights");
         }
         const rights = await this.models["role_right_matching"].findAll({
                             where: {userRoleId: data.roleId, deleted: false},
@@ -403,7 +410,7 @@ class UserSocket extends Socket {
     }
     async getAllRights(data, options) {
         if(!(await this.isAdmin())){
-            throw new Error("no permission to get all rights");
+            throw new Error("errors.users.noPermissionGetAllRights");
         }
         const rights = await this.models["user_right"].findAll({
                             where: {deleted: false},
@@ -414,7 +421,7 @@ class UserSocket extends Socket {
     }
     async assignRoleRights(data, options) {
         if(!(await this.isAdmin())){
-            throw new Error("no permission to assign role rights");
+            throw new Error("errors.users.noPermissionAssignRoleRights");
         }
         const roleId = data.roleId;
         const newRights = data.newRights || []; // array of right names to add
@@ -470,7 +477,7 @@ class UserSocket extends Socket {
      * @param {Object} options Additional configuration parameters.
      */
     async subscribeToUserMonitor(data, options) {
-        if (!(await this.isAdmin())) throw new Error("Admin access required");
+        if (!(await this.isAdmin())) throw new Error("errors.users.adminAccessRequired");
         this.socket.join(MONITOR_USERS_ROOM);
         return await this.buildStats();
     }
@@ -482,7 +489,7 @@ class UserSocket extends Socket {
      * @socketEvent userMonitorUnsubscribe
      */
     async unsubscribeFromUserMonitor(data, options) {
-        if (!(await this.isAdmin())) throw new Error("Admin access required");
+        if (!(await this.isAdmin())) throw new Error("errors.users.adminAccessRequired");
         this.socket.leave(MONITOR_USERS_ROOM);
     }
 
diff --git a/docs/source/for_developers/i18n.rst b/docs/source/for_developers/i18n.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8dc23a07b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/source/for_developers/i18n.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,1006 @@
+Internationalization (i18n)
+===========================
+
+This chapter covers how CARE localizes UI text: frontend and backend patterns, and how to add a new language.
+
+
+Where files live
+----------------
+
+All translation keys live under ``utils/modules/i18n/``:
+
+* ``en/*.json``, ``de/*.json`` — key catalogs per UI language (one file = one namespace, e.g. ``users.json``)
+* ``en/index.js``, ``de/index.js`` — import JSON files and bundle namespaces for the frontend
+* ``i18n-bundles.js`` — bundles ``en`` / ``de`` namespaces for ``vue-i18n``
+
+Related code:
+
+* ``frontend/src/assets/utils.js`` — ``resolveApiMessage``, ``translateMaybeKey``, ``formatLocalized*``
+* ``frontend/src/assets/locale.js`` — language switcher, ``app.locale``
+* ``backend/utils/i18n.js`` — ``translateMaybeKey``, ``hasKey`` (backend runtime and migrations)
+
+Translation guidelines
+----------------------
+
+Do **not** translate
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+* **Table content** — study titles, document names, workflow names, etc.
+* **Server logs** — dashboard log table and log files are **always English** (see :ref:`logging-i18n` below)
+* Developer ``console.log`` / debug output
+* **Template body content** — multi-language content, not UI strings
+
+How to translate
+----------------
+
+.. code-block:: text
+
+                        ┌─────────────────────────┐
+                        │      What do you        │
+                        │         need?           │
+                        └───────────┬─────────────┘
+                  ┌─────────────────┴─────────────────┐
+                  │                                   │
+            New UI language                        UI text       
+                  │                                   │
+                  ▼                                   ▼
+       ┌──────────────────────┐            ┌──────────────────┐
+       │ 5. Adding a new UI   │            │ 1. Adding a key  │
+       │    language          │            │        &         │
+       │                      │            │ 2.  Adding a     │
+       └──────────┬───────────┘            │     namespace    │
+                  │                        └────────┬─────────┘
+                  │                                 │
+                  │              ┌──────────────────┘
+                  │              ▼
+                  │     ┌─────────────────────────┐
+                  │     │         Frontend or     │
+                  │     │         backend?        │
+                  │     └───────────┬─────────────┘
+                  │         ┌───────┴───────┐
+                  │         ▼               ▼
+                  │    3. Frontend        4. Backend
+                  │         │               │
+                  └─────────┴───────┬───────┘
+                                    ▼
+                        ┌─────────────────────────┐
+                        │ 6.   Test it out        │
+                        └─────────────────────────┘
+
+Sections in this chapter :
+
+| :ref:`i18n-add-key` — new key in an existing JSON file
+| :ref:`i18n-add-namespace` — new ``*.json`` namespace file
+| :ref:`i18n-frontend` — ``$t``, ``resolveApiMessage``, table columns, …
+| :ref:`i18n-backend` — ``TranslatableError``, backend ``translateMaybeKey``, …
+| :ref:`i18n-add-language` — new UI language
+| :ref:`i18n-test` — verify in the UI and logs
+
+.. _i18n-add-key:
+
+1. Adding a key
+---------------
+
+.. note::
+
+   Need a **new JSON file** for a dashboard or feature? See :ref:`i18n-add-namespace`.
+
+**Example:** you have a short hint for users in ``Users.vue`` — hardcoded English in a ``<p>``:
+
+.. code-block:: html
+
+   <p>Manage team members from this page.</p>
+
+To show it in the user's UI language, replace the literal text with ``$t(...)``. That requires a **key** in the
+locale JSON files first.
+
+**1. Choose a key name**
+
+Use dot notation: ``namespace.rest.of.key``. The first segment is the JSON filename (namespace), e.g.
+``users.labels.manageHint`` → file ``users.json``, nested path ``labels.manageHint``.
+
+**2. Add the key in every active locale**
+
+``utils/modules/i18n/en/users.json``:
+
+.. code-block:: json
+
+   {
+     "labels": {
+       "manageHint": "Manage team members from this page."
+     }
+   }
+
+``utils/modules/i18n/de/users.json`` — same key, translated value:
+
+.. code-block:: json
+
+   {
+     "labels": {
+       "manageHint": "Verwalten Sie Teammitglieder auf dieser Seite."
+     }
+   }
+
+Repeat for every locale folder (``en/``, ``de/``, …). **Keys must match** across locales; only the text
+values differ.
+
+**3. Use the key in the template**
+
+.. code-block:: html
+
+   <p>{{ $t('users.labels.manageHint') }}</p>
+
+When the user switches language in **Preferences**, the paragraph updates automatically.
+
+More frontend patterns (placeholders, toasts, table headers, …): :ref:`i18n-frontend`.
+Backend errors and logging use keys too: :ref:`i18n-backend`.
+
+Key layout inside a JSON file
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Organize keys by **screen or feature**. Group related strings under clear subsections:
+
+.. code-block:: json
+
+   {
+     "workflows": {
+       "title": "Workflows",
+       "labels": {
+         "addWorkflow": "Add Workflow"
+       },
+       "errors": {
+         "importFailed": "Import failed"
+       }
+     }
+   }
+
+Useful subsections:
+
+* ``title`` — page or modal title
+* ``labels`` — field labels, short UI phrases, hints
+* ``errors`` — validation or action errors for that screen
+* ``columns`` — table header labels
+* ``toasts`` — toast title/message pairs
+* ``messages`` — confirm dialogs, longer text
+
+Reuse ``common`` for words that appear everywhere. Before adding a new key, check
+``utils/modules/i18n/en/common.json`` — shared labels such as ``id``, ``email``, ``save``, ``cancel``.
+
+Backend error keys usually go in ``errors.json`` (see :ref:`i18n-backend`).
+
+.. _i18n-add-namespace:
+
+2. Adding a new namespace
+-------------------------
+
+Each ``*.json`` file in a locale folder is one **namespace**. The filename (without ``.json``) becomes the
+first part of every key inside it.
+
+Example: ``reports.json`` with ``"title": "Reports"`` → use ``$t('reports.title')``.
+
+**1. Create the file in every active locale** (same keys, translated values):
+
+.. code-block:: text
+
+   utils/modules/i18n/en/reports.json
+   utils/modules/i18n/de/reports.json
+
+.. code-block:: json
+
+   {
+     "title": "Reports",
+     "labels": {
+       "export": "Export"
+     }
+   }
+
+**2. Register in** ``index.js`` **for each locale** (``en/index.js``, ``de/index.js``, …) — required for
+the frontend:
+
+.. code-block:: javascript
+
+   import reports from './reports.json'
+
+   export default {
+     // ...existing namespaces...
+     reports,
+   }
+
+**3. Use the keys** in Vue components:
+
+.. code-block:: html
+
+   <h1>{{ $t('reports.title') }}</h1>
+
+
+.. _i18n-frontend:
+
+3. Frontend
+-----------
+
+Common patterns — **before** (hardcoded English) and **after** (i18n). Add keys first as in
+:ref:`i18n-add-key`.
+
+Static text in a template ($t)
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+.. code-block:: html
+
+   <!-- Before -->
+   <p>Manage team members from this page.</p>
+
+   <!-- After -->
+   <p>{{ $t('users.labels.manageHint') }}</p>
+
+Button or attribute label
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+.. code-block:: html
+
+   <!-- Before -->
+   <BasicButton title="Save" />
+
+   <!-- After -->
+   <BasicButton :title="$t('common.save')" />
+
+Text with a placeholder
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+.. code-block:: html
+
+   <!-- Before -->
+   <p>Hello, {{ userName }}!</p>
+
+   <!-- After -->
+   <p>{{ $t('greeting.hello', { name: userName }) }}</p>
+
+   <!-- JSON: "hello": "Hello, {name}!" -->
+
+Lists of strings ($tm)
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+When a key holds an **array** of messages (e.g. rotating status text), use ``$tm``:
+
+.. code-block:: json
+
+   {
+     "loading": {
+       "messages": [
+         "Thinking through your request...",
+         "Almost there..."
+       ]
+     }
+   }
+
+.. code-block:: javascript
+
+   data() {
+     return {
+       messages: this.$tm('loading.messages'),
+       index: 0,
+     };
+   }
+
+.. _i18n-t-rich-text:
+
+Rich text in translations
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+When a sentence needs **inline markup** (:code:`<strong>`, :code:`<br>`, a clickable link) **or** dynamic values
+that must stay safe, use the vue-i18n :code:`<i18n-t>` 
+
+keypath and tag
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+* :code:`keypath` — the translation key (same string you would pass to :code:`$t('…')`).
+* :code:`tag` — the **HTML element that wraps the finished sentence**.
+
+  :code:`i18n-t` does not render a bare text node. It builds the full phrase (text + slots) and wraps it in
+  one element — the one named by :code:`tag`:
+
+  .. list-table::
+     :widths: 28 72
+     :header-rows: 0
+
+     * - :code:`tag="p"`
+       - paragraph wrapper → :code:`<p>…</p>`
+     * - :code:`tag="span"`
+       - inline wrapper → :code:`<span>…</span>`
+     * - :code:`tag="div"`
+       - block wrapper → :code:`<div>…</div>`
+
+  Pick the tag for layout/semantics (paragraph, inline hint, block summary).
+
+
+**How it fits together**
+
+**1. Locale** — one key, placeholder :code:`{0}` where the slot goes:
+
+.. code-block:: json
+
+   {
+     "csvTemplateHint": "Please check the format or {0} here.",
+     "downloadTemplate": "download the template"
+   }
+
+**2. Vue** — :code:`keypath` loads the key; :code:`tag="p"` wraps the output; the :code:`<a>` fills :code:`{0}`:
+
+.. code-block:: vue
+
+   <i18n-t keypath="dashboard.users.csvTemplateHint" tag="p">
+     <a class="template-link" @click="downloadTemplateCSV">
+       {{ $t('dashboard.users.downloadTemplate') }}
+     </a>
+   </i18n-t>
+
+**3. Result in the browser:**
+
+.. code-block:: html
+
+   <p>
+     Please check the format or
+     <a class="template-link">download the template</a>
+     here.
+   </p>
+
+Named slots
+~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Use when placeholders in the JSON have **names** (:code:`{newCount}`, :code:`{br}`, :code:`{dupCount}`). Each name maps
+to a :code:`<template #name>` block with the same name (without :code:`#` in the JSON).
+
+**JSON:**
+
+.. code-block:: json
+
+   {
+     "bulkImportConfirm": "Are you sure you want to bulk create {newCount} users {br} and overwrite {dupCount} users?"
+   }
+
+**Vue** — slot name :code:`newCount` fills :code:`{newCount}`, :code:`br` fills :code:`{br}`, etc.:
+
+.. code-block:: vue
+
+   <i18n-t keypath="dashboard.users.bulkImportConfirm" tag="p">
+     <template #newCount>
+       <strong>{{ userCount.new }}</strong>
+     </template>
+     <template #br>
+       <br />
+     </template>
+     <template #dupCount>
+       <strong>{{ userCount.duplicate }}</strong>
+     </template>
+   </i18n-t>
+
+**Rendered shape:**
+
+.. code-block:: html
+
+   <p>
+     Are you sure you want to bulk create <strong>3</strong> users
+     <br />
+     and overwrite <strong>1</strong> users?
+   </p>
+
+Indexed slots (:code:`{0}`, :code:`{1}`, …)
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Use when the JSON uses **numeric** placeholders. They refer to **default slot children in order** — the
+first child replaces :code:`{0}`, the second replaces :code:`{1}`, and so on. You do **not** write :code:`#0` unless you
+choose explicit :code:`<template #0>` (optional); a plain child element is enough for :code:`{0}`.
+
+**Single slot** (most common) — one link in the middle of a sentence:
+
+**JSON:**
+
+.. code-block:: json
+
+   {
+     "csvTemplateHint": "Please check the format or {0} here.",
+     "downloadTemplate": "download the template"
+   }
+
+**Vue** — the lone :code:`<a>` is child #0 → fills :code:`{0}`:
+
+.. code-block:: vue
+
+   <i18n-t keypath="dashboard.users.csvTemplateHint" tag="p">
+     <a class="template-link" @click="downloadTemplateCSV">
+       {{ $t('dashboard.users.downloadTemplate') }}
+     </a>
+   </i18n-t>
+
+**Rendered:**
+
+.. code-block:: html
+
+   <p>
+     Please check the format or
+     <a class="template-link">download the template</a>
+     here.
+   </p>
+
+**Two slots** — same idea with :code:`{0}` and :code:`{1}`:
+
+**JSON:**
+
+.. code-block:: json
+
+   {
+     "openDocs": "Read the {0} or watch the {1}."
+   }
+
+**Vue** — first child → :code:`{0}`, second child → :code:`{1}`:
+
+.. code-block:: vue
+
+   <i18n-t keypath="help.openDocs" tag="p">
+     <a href="/docs">documentation</a>
+     <a href="/tutorial">tutorial video</a>
+   </i18n-t>
+
+**Rendered:**
+
+.. code-block:: html
+
+   <p>
+     Read the <a href="/docs">documentation</a> or watch the <a href="/tutorial">tutorial video</a>.
+   </p>
+
+**Named vs indexed — quick pick:**
+
+.. list-table::
+   :header-rows: 1
+   :widths: 30 35 35
+
+   * - JSON placeholder
+     - Vue slot
+     - Typical use
+   * - :code:`{userName}`, :code:`{br}`
+     - :code:`<template #userName>`, :code:`<template #br>`
+     - Many mixed parts; clear names for translators
+   * - :code:`{0}`, :code:`{1}`
+     - 1st / 2nd default child (or :code:`<template #0>`)
+     - One or two inline links in a short hint
+
+
+HTML inside a translation (v-html)
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Use :code:`v-html` **only when** :code:`i18n-t` is impractical and the string is **fully trusted** — markup comes
+from your locale JSON, and interpolated values are **not** raw user input, API text, or database names.
+
+If a phrase needs both markup and dynamic parts, **prefer** :ref:`i18n-t-rich-text` above.
+
+.. code-block:: json
+
+   {
+     "declinedSharingWarning": "You have selected students who <strong>didn't accept data sharing</strong>."
+   }
+
+.. code-block:: html
+
+   <span v-html="$t('dashboard.projects.export.declinedSharingWarning')" />
+
+
+.. danger::
+
+   Use :code:`v-html` **only** for trusted translation strings from your locale JSON — **never** for raw user
+   input, API data, or database values.
+
+Socket/API errors (resolveApiMessage)
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+**File:** ``frontend/src/assets/utils.js``
+
+Use for every toast, modal, or inline message that comes from a socket callback or HTTP response.
+
+.. code-block:: javascript
+
+   import { resolveApiMessage } from "@/assets/utils";
+
+   // Before — shows English from the server, ignores user locale:
+   this.$socket.emit("userCreate", payload, (response) => {
+     if (!response.success) {
+       this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
+         title: "Error",
+         message: response.message,
+         variant: "danger",
+       });
+     }
+   });
+
+   // After — translates response.key (+ params) in the user's locale:
+   this.$socket.emit("userCreate", payload, (response) => {
+     if (!response.success) {
+       this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
+         title: this.$t("errors.users.userCreationFailed"),
+         message: resolveApiMessage(response),
+         variant: "danger",
+       });
+     }
+   });
+
+``resolveApiMessage`` checks ``response.key`` first, then falls back to ``response.message`` (plain text or
+a key string). Optional second argument — fallback key if the response is empty:
+
+.. code-block:: javascript
+
+   resolveApiMessage(response, "errors.server.unknownError");
+
+DB values that may be a key or plain text (translateMaybeKey)
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+.. _i18n-translate-maybe-key:
+
+**File:** ``frontend/src/assets/utils.js``
+
+Some values from the database are stored as an **i18n key** (e.g. from a migration), others as **plain text**
+the user typed (e.g. a custom workflow name). Use ``translateMaybeKey`` when you do not know which case you
+have:
+
+* Known key → translated with ``$t``
+* Not a key → shown as-is
+
+**1. Import** from ``@/assets/utils``:
+
+.. code-block:: javascript
+
+   import { translateMaybeKey } from "@/assets/utils";
+
+**2. Expose in the component** (so the template can call it):
+
+.. code-block:: javascript
+
+   export default {
+     methods: {
+       translateMaybeKey,
+     },
+   };
+
+**3. Use in the template or script:**
+
+.. code-block:: html
+
+   <p>{{ translateMaybeKey(workflow.name) }}</p>
+
+.. code-block:: javascript
+
+   computed: {
+     displayName() {
+       return translateMaybeKey(this.workflow.name);
+     },
+   },
+
+Example values for ``workflow.name``:
+
+.. code-block:: text
+
+   workflow.dashboard.title          → translated (key in JSON)
+   My custom workflow                → shown unchanged (user text)
+
+Table columns
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Define ``columns`` in a ``computed`` property so headers update when the user switches language.
+
+.. code-block:: javascript
+
+   // Before — headers stay English after locale switch:
+   data() {
+     return {
+       columns: [
+         { name: "ID", key: "id", sortable: true },
+         { name: "Email", key: "email" },
+         { name: "Roles", key: "roles" },
+       ],
+     };
+   }
+
+   // After — headers follow the active locale:
+   computed: {
+     columns() {
+       return [
+         { name: this.$t("common.id"), key: "id", sortable: true },
+         { name: this.$t("common.email"), key: "email" },
+         { name: this.$t("users.columns.roles"), key: "roles" },
+       ];
+     },
+   },
+
+Prefer ``common.*`` for generic column names; use feature keys (e.g. ``users.columns.*``) when the label
+is specific to that screen.
+
+Locale helpers
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+**File:** ``frontend/src/assets/locale.js``
+
+.. list-table::
+   :header-rows: 1
+
+   * - Export / constant
+     - Purpose
+   * - ``SUPPORTED_LOCALES``
+     - Languages shown in the language switcher
+   * - ``LOCALE_SETTING_KEY`` (``"app.locale"``)
+     - DB setting / user_setting key
+   * - ``getLocaleFromSettings(settings)``
+     - Read locale from merged ``appSettings``
+   * - ``getStoredLocale`` / ``setStoredLocale``
+     - Browser storage
+   * - ``applyLocale(i18n, code)``
+     - Set active ``vue-i18n`` locale
+
+Date and time formatting (formatLocalized*)
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+**File:** ``frontend/src/assets/utils.js``
+
+Format **dates and times** in the user's **active UI locale** picked in **Preferences**.
+
+.. list-table::
+   :header-rows: 1
+
+   * - Function
+     - Output
+   * - ``formatLocalizedDate(value, options?)``
+     - Date only (e.g. ``29/05/2026`` in DE, ``5/29/2026`` in EN)
+   * - ``formatLocalizedTime(value, options?)``
+     - Time only (e.g. ``14:30:00``)
+   * - ``formatLocalizedDateTime(value, options?)``
+     - Date and time together
+
+**How to use**
+
+**1. Import** from ``@/assets/utils``:
+
+.. code-block:: javascript
+
+   import { formatLocalizedDate, formatLocalizedDateTime } from "@/assets/utils";
+
+**2. Expose in the component**:
+
+.. code-block:: javascript
+
+   export default {
+     methods: {
+       formatLocalizedDate,
+       formatLocalizedDateTime,
+     },
+   };
+
+**3. Use in the template:**
+
+.. code-block:: html
+
+   <!-- Before — follows OS locale, not app locale -->
+   <span>{{ new Date(user.lastLoginAt).toLocaleDateString() }}</span>
+
+   <!-- After — follows active UI locale -->
+   <span>{{ formatLocalizedDate(user.lastLoginAt) }}</span>
+
+**Format while preparing table rows** (common pattern — no need to expose in :code:`methods`):
+
+.. code-block:: javascript
+
+   import { formatLocalizedDate } from "@/assets/utils";
+
+   computed: {
+     usersForTable() {
+       return this.users.map((user) => ({
+         ...user,
+         lastLoginAt: user.lastLoginAt ? formatLocalizedDate(user.lastLoginAt) : "-",
+       }));
+     },
+   },
+
+Optional ``Intl.DateTimeFormat`` options as the second argument (:code:`options`) — same shape as for
+:code:`Date.prototype.toLocaleDateString`, :code:`toLocaleTimeString`, and :code:`toLocaleString`:
+
+.. code-block:: javascript
+
+   formatLocalizedDate(session.start, { year: "numeric", month: "short", day: "numeric" });
+   formatLocalizedTime(edit.createdAt, { hour: "2-digit", minute: "2-digit" });
+
+
+.. _i18n-backend:
+
+4. Backend
+----------
+
+Throwing errors
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+
+Backend responses support **two formats** — both are valid:
+
+* **Preferred:** ``{ success: false, key: "errors.auth.invalidCredentials", params: { ... } }``
+* **Legacy:** ``{ success: false, message: "Plain text or an i18n key string" }``
+
+The frontend ``resolveApiMessage`` handles both. New code should prefer ``key`` + optional ``params``.
+
+User-facing error in a handler
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+.. code-block:: javascript
+
+   const { TranslatableError } = require("../utils/TranslatableError");
+
+   // Before — hardcoded English, wrong language in the UI:
+   if (!user) {
+     throw new Error("User not found.");
+   }
+
+   // After — key + params; frontend shows the translated message:
+   if (!user) {
+     throw new TranslatableError("errors.users.notFound", { id: userId });
+   }
+
+   // JSON (errors.json): "notFound": "User with id {id} was not found."
+
+TranslatableError
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+**File:** ``backend/utils/TranslatableError.js``
+
+When something goes wrong in a way the **user** should see (wrong password, missing permission, validation
+failed), throw a **TranslatableError** instead of a hardcoded English sentence.
+
+**Goal:** pass an i18n **key** (and optional **params** / **code**) from the backend to the frontend. The
+browser translates with ``resolveApiMessage``. Logging and legacy English ``message`` in socket callbacks are
+handled in ``Socket.js`` — see :ref:`logging-i18n`.
+
+**Why a dedicated class**:
+
+Keys alone can travel in a plain ``Error`` message — that works for simple cases. ``TranslatableError`` is for
+when you need a **structured, intentional** user-facing error:
+
+* **Structured payload** — not just a string. Carries the i18n **key**, optional **params** for placeholders
+  (e.g. ``{ validationLimit: 10 }``), and an optional machine-readable **code** for the socket/HTTP response.
+  A standard ``Error`` only has ``message``; attaching ``params`` and ``code`` to arbitrary errors is fragile
+  and easy to get wrong in catch handlers.
+* **Error filtering (security boundary)** — ``isTranslatable`` marks errors the transport layer may expose to
+  the client. In ``Socket.js``, only errors with a known i18n key (``TranslatableError``, ``generateError``,
+  or ``Error("errors.*")``) become ``{ key, params, code }`` in the callback. Raw database or system
+  exceptions fall through to a generic ``errors.server.unexpectedError`` — full detail stays in the logs.
+
+You can also use ``throw new Error("errors.*")`` or ``generateError(code, key)`` for simpler cases. The
+table below lists all patterns.
+
+.. list-table::
+   :header-rows: 1
+   :widths: 35 65
+
+   * - Pattern
+     - When to use
+   * - ``throw new Error("errors.namespace.key")``
+     - Simple error, no placeholders
+   * - ``throw new TranslatableError("errors.namespace.key")``
+     - Same as above, explicit translatable type
+   * - ``throw new TranslatableError("errors.namespace.key", { name })``
+     - Error with ``{placeholder}`` values in the message
+   * - ``throw new TranslatableError("errors.namespace.key", { count: 5 }, "SOME_CODE")``
+     - Key + params + machine-readable ``code``
+   * - ``throw generateError("SOME_CODE", "errors.namespace.key")``
+     - Machine ``code`` + key, **no** params
+
+**Files:** ``backend/utils/TranslatableError.js``, ``backend/utils/generic.js`` (``generateError``)
+
+Simple examples:
+
+.. code-block:: javascript
+
+   // 1. Key only
+   throw new TranslatableError("errors.auth.invalidCredentials");
+
+   // 2. Key + params
+   throw new TranslatableError("errors.users.notFound", { id: userId });
+
+   // 3. Key + params + code (frontend may check response.code)
+   throw new TranslatableError(
+     "errors.assignment.unableToAssignEnoughDocuments",
+     { roleName: "Reviewer", count: 5 },
+     "ASSIGNMENT_FAILED"
+   );
+
+   // 4. Code + key, no params
+   throw generateError("DOCUMENT_NOT_FOUND", "errors.documents.doesNotExistOrDeleted");
+
+Socket callback payload
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Most socket handlers are registered with ``createSocket`` in ``Socket.js``. On **success**, the callback
+receives ``{ success: true, data: result }``. On **failure**, prefer **throwing** an error — the shared
+catch block builds the callback for you:
+
+.. code-block:: javascript
+
+   // Handler (backend) — throw; do not call callback yourself
+   if (!user) {
+     throw new TranslatableError("errors.users.notFound", { id: userId });
+   }
+
+   // What the frontend receives in (response) => { ... }:
+   {
+     success: false,
+     key: "errors.users.notFound",
+     params: { id: userId },
+     message: "User with id 123 was not found.",  // English fallback (translateMaybeKey)
+     code: "..."  // optional, when set on the error
+   }
+
+The frontend should display errors with ``resolveApiMessage(response)`` — it translates ``key`` + ``params``
+to the user's locale. The ``message`` field is a legacy English fallback; new UI code should not read it
+directly.
+
+**Manual responses** (validation results, per-row errors in ``data``, direct ``socket.emit``) may still use
+the legacy shape without a separate ``key`` field — put the i18n key in ``message`` instead:
+
+.. code-block:: javascript
+
+   // Legacy — still works; resolveApiMessage treats message as a key when it exists in JSON
+   { success: false, message: "errors.validation.additionalFilesNotAllowed", params: { files: "foo.txt" } }
+
+   // Preferred when you build the object yourself — same as the hub format
+   { success: false, key: "errors.validation.additionalFilesNotAllowed", params: { files: "foo.txt" } }
+
+**Frontend:**
+
+.. code-block:: javascript
+
+   this.$socket.emit("userCreate", payload, (response) => {
+     if (!response.success) {
+       this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
+         title: this.$t("errors.users.userCreationFailed"),
+         message: resolveApiMessage(response),
+         variant: "danger",
+       });
+     }
+   });
+
+.. _logging-i18n:
+
+Backend English output (translateMaybeKey)
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+**File:** ``backend/utils/i18n.js``
+
+Same idea as frontend :ref:`translateMaybeKey <i18n-translate-maybe-key>`: if the string is a **known i18n key**,
+translate it; otherwise return it unchanged. On the backend this always uses the **English** catalog — not the
+user's locale. Use the same helper for **logs**, **socket fallbacks**, and **migrations** (``down`` steps that
+restore English text when rolling back rows that store i18n keys).
+
+**Anti-pattern — do not translate twice for logs**
+
+``SQLTransport`` already calls ``translateMaybeKey`` on every ``logger.*`` message. Do not call
+``translateMaybeKey`` before ``logger.error`` — the same string would be processed twice (harmless but redundant).
+
+.. code-block:: javascript
+
+   // Bad — translated before logger, then SQLTransport translates again
+   this.logger.error(translateMaybeKey(key, params));
+
+   // Good — pass the key; SQLTransport translates once (use i18nParams for placeholders)
+   this.logger.error(key, { i18nParams: params });
+
+
+Call sites often pass either an i18n **key** or **plain English**:
+
+* **Dashboard log table** — ``logger.error("errors.users.notFound")`` or ``logger.error(key, { i18nParams })``.
+  ``SQLTransport`` applies ``translateMaybeKey`` once before insert.
+* **Socket error responses** — log the key (``logger.error(key, { i18nParams: params })``); callback legacy
+  ``message`` uses ``translateMaybeKey(key, params)``.
+* **Migrations** — when ``up`` stores i18n keys in the database (e.g. ``placeholderLabel``), ``down`` calls
+  ``translateMaybeKey`` to write back the English source string. If the key is missing from ``en`` JSON, the
+  key string is returned unchanged (safe for rollback).
+
+
+.. code-block:: javascript
+
+   const { translateMaybeKey } = require("../utils/i18n");
+
+   const key = "errors.users.importFailed";
+
+   // Logger — pass key or plain English; SQLTransport translates once
+   this.logger.error(key);
+   this.logger.error("errors.auth.passwordResetRateLimited", { i18nParams: { minutes: 5 } });
+   this.logger.error("Import finished with warnings");
+
+   // Socket catch (simplified)
+   this.logger.error(key, { i18nParams: params });
+   callback({ success: false, key, params, message: translateMaybeKey(key, params) });
+
+Migration example:
+
+.. code-block:: javascript
+
+   const { translateMaybeKey } = require("../../utils/i18n");
+
+   module.exports = {
+     async up(queryInterface) {
+       await queryInterface.bulkUpdate(
+         "placeholder",
+         { placeholderLabel: "templates.placeholders.labels.emailGeneral.username" },
+         { type: 1, placeholderKey: "username" },
+       );
+       // ...more rows
+     },
+
+     async down(queryInterface) {
+       const label = translateMaybeKey("templates.placeholders.labels.emailGeneral.username");
+
+       await queryInterface.bulkUpdate(
+         "placeholder",
+         { placeholderLabel: label },
+         { type: 1, placeholderKey: "username" },
+       );
+       // ...more rows
+     },
+   };
+
+.. _i18n-add-language:
+
+5. Adding a new UI language
+---------------------------
+
+Example: adding French (``fr``) as a third UI language.
+
+**1. Copy and translate JSON catalogs**
+
+Duplicate ``utils/modules/i18n/en/`` to ``utils/modules/i18n/fr/``. Translate every **value** in every JSON
+file. **Keys must stay identical** — only the text changes.
+
+.. code-block:: text
+
+   utils/modules/i18n/en/common.json   →  utils/modules/i18n/fr/common.json
+   utils/modules/i18n/en/errors.json   →  utils/modules/i18n/fr/errors.json
+   ... (all other JSON files)
+
+**2. Register the locale in** ``i18n-bundles.js``
+
+.. code-block:: javascript
+
+   import en from './en/index.js'
+   import de from './de/index.js'
+   import fr from './fr/index.js'
+
+   const i18nBundles = { en, de, fr }
+
+   export { en, de, fr, i18nBundles }
+   export default i18nBundles
+
+The ``fr/index.js`` file comes from the copy in step 1 (same imports as ``en/index.js``, pointing at
+``fr/*.json``).
+
+**3. Add French to the language switcher** in ``frontend/src/assets/locale.js``:
+
+.. code-block:: javascript
+
+   export const SUPPORTED_LOCALES = [
+     { code: "de", name: "Deutsch", flag: "🇩🇪" },
+     { code: "en", name: "English", flag: "🇬🇧" },
+     { code: "fr", name: "Français", flag: "🇫🇷" },
+   ];
+
+**4. Test** — switch to French in **Preferences** and walk through the main screens. See :ref:`i18n-test`.
+
+
+.. _i18n-test:
+
+6. Test it out
+--------------
+
+1. Switch language in **Preferences** (or use the new locale from :ref:`i18n-add-language`)
+2. Open the screen you changed and confirm labels / table headers update
+3. Trigger a socket or API error and confirm ``resolveApiMessage`` shows the right text
+4. If you added backend logging or socket errors, confirm English output uses ``translateMaybeKey`` where needed
+5. If you added new keys, repeat steps 1–3 in each supported locale (``en``, ``de``, …)
+
+See also
+--------
+
+* :doc:`backend/logging` — Winston logging setup
+* :doc:`../for_researchers/interface_language` — end-user language settings
+* :doc:`../for_researchers/templates` — template content languages (not UI locale)
diff --git a/docs/source/for_researchers/interface_language.rst b/docs/source/for_researchers/interface_language.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4de3124d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/source/for_researchers/interface_language.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+Interface Language
+==================
+
+CARE can show menus, buttons, and messages in more than one language (for example **English** and **German**).
+This page explains what that setting does and how to use it.
+
+What changes when you switch language
+-------------------------------------
+
+When you choose a language in **Preferences**, CARE translates the parts of the app that are built in:
+
+* Menu items and page titles
+* Button labels (Save, Cancel, …)
+* Form labels and placeholders
+* Short messages such as success or error toasts
+
+Your choice is saved to your account, so you keep the same language the next time you log in.
+
+What does **not** change
+------------------------
+
+Switching the interface language does **not** translate content that you or others created:
+
+* Study names, document titles, usernames, workflow names
+* Text inside email or document **templates** (those have their own language versions)
+
+.. note::
+
+   **Interface language** and **template language** are two different things.
+
+   * **Interface language** — labels like “Settings” or “Save”.
+   * **Template language** — the actual text of an email or document template (e.g. an English version and a German version).
+
+   Changing your interface language to German does **not** automatically change which template text is sent.
+   Template languages are managed separately under **Dashboard → Templates**.
+
+How to change your language
+---------------------------
+
+1. Open **Preferences** (from the dashboard or your profile menu).
+2. In the **Language** section, choose **English**, **Deutsch**, or another language offered by your instance.
+3. Click **Save**.
+
+Most of the interface updates right away. If a label does not update immediately, try refreshing the page.
+
+Before you log in
+-----------------
+
+On the login, registration, and password-reset pages, CARE tries to match your **browser language**.
+If that language is not available, English is used.
+
+After you log in, your saved preference from **Preferences** takes over.
+
+Which languages are available?
+------------------------------
+
+That depends on how your CARE instance was set up. Common options are **English** and **German**.
+If a translation for a particular label is missing, you may see English text or a short technical label as a fallback.
+
+Restricting who can change the language
+---------------------------------------
+
+On most instances, every logged-in user can pick a language in **Preferences** (see above).
+
+Administrators can **turn off the language switcher** for selected roles by assigning a user right whose
+description is **“disables the ability to change the UI language in preferences”**.
+
+**What affected users see**
+
+* The **Language** block in **Preferences** is hidden — there is no dropdown to switch English / Deutsch.
+* They cannot save a different UI language themselves.
+* The interface still appears in a language: the instance default, the browser language before login, or a
+  language an administrator set for their account.
+
+**Why use this**
+
+* Keep a study or course on **one interface language** so all participants see the same menu labels and buttons.
+* Avoid confusion when template content is in one language but menus could be switched independently.
+
+**Who is affected by default**
+
+New installations often assign this right to the **Guest** role, so guest accounts cannot change the
+language. Other roles (e.g. teachers, reviewers) usually keep the switcher unless an administrator adds the
+same right to their role.
+
+**How administrators change it**
+
+1. Open the **Users** area on the dashboard (admin access required).
+2. Manage **roles** and **rights** — add or remove the right above from the roles that should *not* be able
+   to change language.
+3. Users need to open **Preferences** again (or refresh) for the change to take effect.
+
+Administrators can still set a user's language when needed; the restriction applies to self-service changes
+in **Preferences**.
+
+See also
+--------
+
+* :doc:`templates` — creating and managing email and document templates
+* :doc:`basics` — getting started with CARE
diff --git a/docs/source/index.rst b/docs/source/index.rst
index 068463a09..51f4d9910 100644
--- a/docs/source/index.rst
+++ b/docs/source/index.rst
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ For a live demo, visit https://demo.care.ukp.informatik.tu-darmstadt.de. Join ou
    for_developers/contributing
    for_developers/before_you_start
    for_developers/basics/basics
+   for_developers/i18n
 
    for_developers/frontend/frontend
    for_developers/backend/backend
@@ -36,6 +37,7 @@ For a live demo, visit https://demo.care.ukp.informatik.tu-darmstadt.de. Join ou
    :caption: For Researchers
 
    for_researchers/basics
+   for_researchers/interface_language
    for_researchers/apply_skill_preprocessing
    for_researchers/exporting
    for_researchers/study/study
diff --git a/frontend/package-lock.json b/frontend/package-lock.json
index f4f651f5e..b29b3b11a 100644
--- a/frontend/package-lock.json
+++ b/frontend/package-lock.json
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@
         "vite-plugin-html": "^3.2.2",
         "vue": "^3.5.29",
         "vue-3-socket.io": "^1.0.5",
+        "vue-i18n": "^9.14.4",
         "vue-router": "^5.0.3",
         "vue-style-loader": "^4.1.3",
         "vue-tab": "^0.0.0",
@@ -1004,6 +1005,50 @@
         "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/nzakas"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/@intlify/core-base": {
+      "version": "9.14.5",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@intlify/core-base/-/core-base-9.14.5.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-5ah5FqZG4pOoHjkvs8mjtv+gPKYU0zCISaYNjBNNqYiaITxW8ZtVih3GS/oTOqN8d9/mDLyrjD46GBApNxmlsA==",
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@intlify/message-compiler": "9.14.5",
+        "@intlify/shared": "9.14.5"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">= 16"
+      },
+      "funding": {
+        "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/kazupon"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@intlify/message-compiler": {
+      "version": "9.14.5",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@intlify/message-compiler/-/message-compiler-9.14.5.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-IHzgEu61/YIpQV5Pc3aRWScDcnFKWvQA9kigcINcCBXN8mbW+vk9SK+lDxA6STzKQsVJxUPg9ACC52pKKo3SVQ==",
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@intlify/shared": "9.14.5",
+        "source-map-js": "^1.0.2"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">= 16"
+      },
+      "funding": {
+        "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/kazupon"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@intlify/shared": {
+      "version": "9.14.5",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@intlify/shared/-/shared-9.14.5.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-9gB+E53BYuAEMhbCAxVgG38EZrk59sxBtv3jSizNL2hEWlgjBjAw1AwpLHtNaeda12pe6W20OGEa0TwuMSRbyQ==",
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">= 16"
+      },
+      "funding": {
+        "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/kazupon"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/@isaacs/cliui": {
       "version": "8.0.2",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@isaacs/cliui/-/cliui-8.0.2.tgz",
@@ -7484,6 +7529,33 @@
         "eslint": "^8.57.0 || ^9.0.0 || ^10.0.0"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/vue-i18n": {
+      "version": "9.14.5",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/vue-i18n/-/vue-i18n-9.14.5.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-0jQ9Em3ymWngyiIkj0+c/k7WgaPO+TNzjKSNq9BvBQaKJECqn9cd9fL4tkDhB5G1QBskGl9YxxbDAhgbFtpe2g==",
+      "deprecated": "v9 and v10 no longer supported. please migrate to v11. about maintenance status, see https://vue-i18n.intlify.dev/guide/maintenance.html",
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@intlify/core-base": "9.14.5",
+        "@intlify/shared": "9.14.5",
+        "@vue/devtools-api": "^6.5.0"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">= 16"
+      },
+      "funding": {
+        "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/kazupon"
+      },
+      "peerDependencies": {
+        "vue": "^3.0.0"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/vue-i18n/node_modules/@vue/devtools-api": {
+      "version": "6.6.4",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@vue/devtools-api/-/devtools-api-6.6.4.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-sGhTPMuXqZ1rVOk32RylztWkfXTRhuS7vgAKv0zjqk8gbsHkJ7xfFf+jbySxt7tWObEJwyKaHMikV/WGDiQm8g==",
+      "license": "MIT"
+    },
     "node_modules/vue-router": {
       "version": "5.0.3",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/vue-router/-/vue-router-5.0.3.tgz",
diff --git a/frontend/package.json b/frontend/package.json
index e70a61f80..d426de203 100644
--- a/frontend/package.json
+++ b/frontend/package.json
@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@
     "vite": "^7.3.2",
     "vite-plugin-html": "^3.2.2",
     "vue": "^3.5.29",
+    "vue-i18n": "^9.14.4",
     "vue-3-socket.io": "^1.0.5",
     "vue-router": "^5.0.3",
     "vue-style-loader": "^4.1.3",
diff --git a/frontend/src/App.vue b/frontend/src/App.vue
index d0128dcb8..e86fbb310 100644
--- a/frontend/src/App.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/App.vue
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
         class="text disconnect_error"
         :loading="true"
         :size="5"
-        text="Connection error! Reconnecting..."
+        :text="$t('errors.connectionError')"
     />
   </div>
   <div v-if="requireAuth">
@@ -49,6 +49,15 @@ import ConsentModal from "@/auth/ConsentModal.vue";
 import TwoFactorSettingsModal from "@/auth/TwoFactorSettingsModal.vue";
 import BehaviorLogger from "@/assets/behaviorLogger";
 import {computed} from "vue";
+import { i18n } from "@/main.js";
+import {
+  applyLocale,
+  clearCachedLocale,
+  getAuthPageLocale,
+  getLocaleFromSettings,
+  getStoredLocale,
+  setStoredLocale,
+} from "@/assets/locale.js";
 
 /**
  * Main App Component
@@ -108,6 +117,13 @@ export default {
     appSettings: function (data) {
       this.$store.commit("settings/setSettings", data);
       this.loaded.settings = true;
+      if (this.requireAuth) {
+        const locale = getLocaleFromSettings(data);
+        if (locale) {
+          applyLocale(i18n, locale);
+          setStoredLocale(locale);
+        }
+      }
     },
     appSystemRoles: function (data) {
       this.$store.commit("admin/setSystemRoles", data);
@@ -135,12 +151,15 @@ export default {
     },
     appLoadText() {
       if (!this.$socket.connected) {
-        return "Connecting...";
+        return this.$t('common.connecting');
       }
       if (this.appLoadPercent < 100) {
-        return "Load " + this.appLoadStep + " (" + this.appLoadPercent + "%)";
+        return this.$t('common.loadingProgress', {
+          appLoadStep: this.appLoadStep,
+          percent: this.appLoadPercent,
+        });
       }
-      return "Loading...";
+      return this.$t('common.loading');
     },
     acceptStats() {
       if (this.$store.getters["auth/isAuthenticated"]) {
@@ -191,13 +210,17 @@ export default {
     }
   },
   watch: {
-    $route(to, from) {
-      if (to.meta && to.meta.checkLogin) {
-        this.runCheckLoginFlow();
-      }
-      if (to.fullPath !== from.fullPath && this.behaviorLogger) {
-        this.behaviorLogger.reportRouteChange(from, to);
-      }
+    $route: {
+      handler(to, from) {
+        this.syncLocaleForRoute(to);
+        if (to.meta && to.meta.checkLogin) {
+          this.runCheckLoginFlow();
+        }
+        if (to.fullPath !== from?.fullPath && this.behaviorLogger) {
+          this.behaviorLogger.reportRouteChange(from, to);
+        }
+      },
+      immediate: true,
     },
     "$route.meta.requireAuth"(newValue, oldValue) {
       if (newValue === oldValue) return;
@@ -250,6 +273,8 @@ export default {
         await this.$router.push(response.data.wizardCompleted === false ? "/wizard" : "/dashboard");
       } else if (response.data.needsSetup) {
         await this.$router.push("/wizard");
+      } else {
+        clearCachedLocale();
       }
     },
     resetAppLoadState() {
@@ -278,6 +303,23 @@ export default {
         this.behaviorLogger.init();
       }
     },
+    syncLocaleForRoute(route) {
+      if (route.meta.requireAuth) {
+        const fromSettings = getLocaleFromSettings(this.$store.getters["settings/getSettings"]);
+        if (fromSettings) {
+          applyLocale(i18n, fromSettings);
+          return;
+        }
+        const stored = getStoredLocale();
+        if (stored) {
+          applyLocale(i18n, stored);
+        }
+        return;
+      }
+      if (route.meta.checkLogin) {
+        applyLocale(i18n, getAuthPageLocale());
+      }
+    },
     syncPostLoginModalFlow() {
       if (!this.requireAuth || !this.appLoaded) {
         return;
diff --git a/frontend/src/assets/locale.js b/frontend/src/assets/locale.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1021720ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/src/assets/locale.js
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+/**
+ * Helpers for choosing and applying the UI language (German or English).
+ *
+ * Logged-in users:
+ * 1. `app.locale` from the server
+ * 2. localStorage key "locale" until appSettings arrived
+ * 3. Browser language, then English
+ *
+ * Preferences → `app.locale` in DB. Auth pages (`meta.checkLogin`) use browser language
+ * and clear the localStorage cache when `/auth/check` returns no user.
+ * After login, App.vue applies app.locale from appSettings when they arrive.
+ *
+ * @author Andrii Nikitin
+ */
+
+/** @typedef {{ code: string, name: string, flag: string }} LocaleOption */
+
+/** Fallback when nothing else applies */
+export const DEFAULT_LOCALE = "en";
+
+/** Row key in `setting` (system default) and `user_setting` (per-user choice); same string in both tables. */
+export const LOCALE_SETTING_KEY = "app.locale";
+
+/** Browser localStorage key */
+const STORAGE_KEY = "locale";
+
+/** Languages shown in the language switcher */
+export const SUPPORTED_LOCALES = [
+    { code: "de", name: "Deutsch", flag: "🇩🇪" },
+    { code: "en", name: "English", flag: "🇬🇧" },
+];
+
+/** Supported locale codes for fast lookup in {@link normalizeLocale} */
+const SUPPORTED_CODES = new Set(SUPPORTED_LOCALES.map((lang) => lang.code));
+
+/**
+ * Normalizes a locale tag to a supported app code.
+ *
+ * @param {string|null|undefined} locale - `"de"` / `"en"` from the app, or a browser tag like `"de-DE"` / `"en-US"`
+ * @returns {string|null} code e.g. `"de"` or `"en"` when supported; otherwise `null`
+ */
+export function normalizeLocale(locale) {
+    if (!locale || typeof locale !== "string") {
+        return null;
+    }
+    const code = locale.toLowerCase().split("-")[0];
+    return SUPPORTED_CODES.has(code) ? code : null;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Reads the locale saved in the browser.
+ *
+ * @returns {string|null} Normalized code from `localStorage`, or `null` if unset or unsupported
+ */
+export function getStoredLocale() {
+    return normalizeLocale(localStorage.getItem(STORAGE_KEY));
+}
+
+/**
+ * Saves the language to localStorage.
+ *
+ * @param {string} locale clear code e.g. `"de"` or `"en"`
+ */
+export function setStoredLocale(locale) {
+    localStorage.setItem(STORAGE_KEY, locale);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Removes the cached UI locale from browser localStorage (stored under key `"locale"`).
+ */
+export function clearCachedLocale() {
+    localStorage.removeItem(STORAGE_KEY);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Picks a language from the browser settings
+ * Uses the first entry we support. If none match, returns English.
+ *
+ * @returns {string} First supported code from `navigator.languages`, or {@link DEFAULT_LOCALE}
+ */
+export function getBrowserLocale() {
+    const candidates = navigator.languages?.length
+        ? navigator.languages
+        : [navigator.language];
+
+    for (const candidate of candidates) {
+        const normalized = normalizeLocale(candidate);
+        if (normalized) {
+            return normalized;
+        }
+    }
+    return DEFAULT_LOCALE;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Language used when the app starts in main.js (before the router runs).
+ *
+ * @returns {string} localStorage cache, or browser locale
+ */
+export function getInitialLocale() {
+    return getStoredLocale() || getBrowserLocale();
+}
+
+/**
+ * Reads `app.locale` from merged app settings.
+ *
+ * @param {Object|null|undefined} settings - Merged `setting` + `user_setting` from `appSettings`
+ * @returns {string|null} Normalized locale code, or `null` if missing or unsupported
+ */
+export function getLocaleFromSettings(settings) {
+    if (!settings || typeof settings !== "object") {
+        return null;
+    }
+    return normalizeLocale(settings[LOCALE_SETTING_KEY]);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Browser locale for routes with `meta.checkLogin` (login, register, …). Ignores localStorage cache.
+ *
+ * @returns {string} Browser locale, or {@link DEFAULT_LOCALE}
+ */
+export function getAuthPageLocale() {
+    return getBrowserLocale();
+}
+
+/**
+ * Applies a locale to a vue-i18n instance.
+ *
+ * @param {import("vue-i18n").I18n} i18nInstance - export from main.js
+ * @param {string} locale - `"de"` or `"en"`
+ */
+export function applyLocale(i18nInstance, locale) {
+    const normalized = normalizeLocale(locale) || DEFAULT_LOCALE;
+    i18nInstance.global.locale = normalized;
+}
diff --git a/frontend/src/assets/utils.js b/frontend/src/assets/utils.js
index c71229671..1b9d61289 100644
--- a/frontend/src/assets/utils.js
+++ b/frontend/src/assets/utils.js
@@ -1,7 +1,141 @@
 import "file-saver"; // DO NOT delete this import, required for window.saveAs to work
 import Papa from "papaparse";
 import yaml from "js-yaml";
+import { i18n } from '../main.js';
 
+// Detects key-like messages such as "errors.server.notFound".
+// This prevents missing translation keys from being shown as raw text,
+// while still allowing legacy plain text backend messages to pass through.
+const looksLikeI18nKey = (str) =>
+    typeof str === 'string' &&
+    /^[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9]*(\.[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9]*)+$/.test(str);
+
+/**
+ * Translates a value when it is a known i18n key; otherwise returns it unchanged.
+ * Use for DB seed strings and metadata that may be either an i18n key
+ * or user-entered plain text.
+ *
+ * @param {*} value String to translate, or any other value passed through as-is.
+ * @param {Object} [params={}] Values for placeholders in the translated text, e.g. { name: "Anna" } when the string is "Hello {name}".
+ * @returns {*} Translated string, the original string if no key exists, or the input unchanged when not a string.
+ */
+export function translateMaybeKey(value, params = {}) {
+    if (typeof value !== 'string') {
+        return value;
+    }
+    if (i18n.global.te(value)) {
+        return i18n.global.t(value, params);
+    }
+    return value;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Resolves a user-facing message from an API/socket response.
+ * Prefers structured i18n payloads ({ key, params }) over legacy plain-text messages.
+ *
+ * @param {Object|null|undefined} response API response object.
+ * @param {string} [response.key] i18n key to translate.
+ * @param {Object} [response.params] Interpolation values for response.key or response.message.
+ * @param {string} [response.message] Legacy plain text or i18n key string.
+ * @param {string} [fallbackKey='errors.server.unknownError'] Key used when translation is missing or response is empty.
+ * @returns {string} Localized message for display (toast, modal, etc.).
+ */
+export function resolveApiMessage(response, fallbackKey = 'errors.server.unknownError') {
+    const fallbackMessage = i18n.global.t(fallbackKey);
+
+    if (response && response.key) {
+        if (i18n.global.te(response.key)) {
+            return i18n.global.t(response.key, response.params || {});
+        }
+
+        console.warn('[i18n] Missing API key:', response.key, response);
+        return fallbackMessage;
+    }
+
+    if (response && response.message) {
+        if (i18n.global.te(response.message)) {
+            return i18n.global.t(response.message, response.params || {});
+        }
+
+        if (looksLikeI18nKey(response.message)) {
+            console.warn('[i18n] Missing message key:', response.message, response);
+            return fallbackMessage;
+        }
+
+        console.warn('[i18n] Legacy plain API message:', response.message, response);
+        return response.message;
+    }
+
+    console.warn('[i18n] Empty API response message:', response);
+    return fallbackMessage;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Returns the active vue-i18n locale code (e.g. "en", "de").
+ *
+ * @returns {string|undefined}
+ */
+function getCurrentLocale() {
+    const locale = i18n?.global?.locale;
+    if (typeof locale === "string") {
+        return locale;
+    }
+    return locale?.value;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Turns a date from the API/UI into a real Date object.
+ * Returns null if the value is empty or not a valid date (e.g. null, "", "not-a-date").
+ *
+ * @param {*} value A Date, ISO string (e.g. "2026-05-29T12:00:00Z"), or timestamp number.
+ * @returns {Date|null} Usable Date, or null when there is nothing to format.
+ */
+function toValidDate(value) {
+    if (value === null || value === undefined || value === "") {
+        return null;
+    }
+    const date = value instanceof Date ? value : new Date(value);
+    return Number.isNaN(date.getTime()) ? null : date;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Formats a date using the current app locale (date only, no time).
+ *
+ * @param {*} value Date, ISO string, or timestamp.
+ * @param {Intl.DateTimeFormatOptions} [options={}] Options passed to Date.prototype.toLocaleDateString.
+ * @returns {string} Formatted date, or "" when value is invalid or empty.
+ */
+export function formatLocalizedDate(value, options = {}) {
+    const date = toValidDate(value);
+    if (!date) return "";
+    return date.toLocaleDateString(getCurrentLocale(), options);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Formats a time using the current app locale (time only, no date).
+ *
+ * @param {*} value Date, ISO string, or timestamp.
+ * @param {Intl.DateTimeFormatOptions} [options={}] Options passed to Date.prototype.toLocaleTimeString.
+ * @returns {string} Formatted time, or "" when value is invalid or empty.
+ */
+export function formatLocalizedTime(value, options = {}) {
+    const date = toValidDate(value);
+    if (!date) return "";
+    return date.toLocaleTimeString(getCurrentLocale(), options);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Formats a date and time using the current app locale.
+ *
+ * @param {*} value Date, ISO string, or timestamp.
+ * @param {Intl.DateTimeFormatOptions} [options={}] Options passed to Date.prototype.toLocaleString.
+ * @returns {string} Formatted date-time, or "" when value is invalid or empty.
+ */
+export function formatLocalizedDateTime(value, options = {}) {
+    const date = toValidDate(value);
+    if (!date) return "";
+    return date.toLocaleString(getCurrentLocale(), options);
+}
 
 /**
  * Returns a copy of the object, for which only the provided attributes by keys are included (whitelisting).
@@ -102,34 +236,34 @@ const EXPORT_FORMATS = {
     csv: {
         serialize:   objectsToCSV,
         mimeType:    "text/csv",
-        label:       "CSV Format",
+        label:       "modals.importExport.formats.csv.label",
         icon:        "filetype-csv",
-        description: "Comma-separated values, compatible with spreadsheets",
+        description: "modals.importExport.formats.csv.description",
         extensions:  [".csv"],
     },
     json: {
         serialize:   objectsToJSON,
         mimeType:    "application/json",
-        label:       "JSON Format",
+        label:       "modals.importExport.formats.json.label",
         icon:        "filetype-json",
-        description: "Standard JSON format with proper formatting",
+        description: "modals.importExport.formats.json.description",
         extensions:  [".json"],
         parse:       (content) => JSON.parse(content),
     },
     txt: {
         serialize:   objectsToTXT,
         mimeType:    "text/plain",
-        label:       "TXT Format",
+        label:       "modals.importExport.formats.txt.label",
         icon:        "filetype-txt",
-        description: "Plain text with indented nested objects",
+        description: "modals.importExport.formats.txt.description",
         extensions:  [".txt"],
     },
     yaml: {
         serialize:   objectsToYAML,
         mimeType:    "application/x-yaml",
-        label:       "YAML Format",
+        label:       "modals.importExport.formats.yaml.label",
         icon:        "filetype-yml",
-        description: "Human-readable YAML format",
+        description: "modals.importExport.formats.yaml.description",
         extensions:  [".yaml", ".yml"],
         parse:       (content) => yaml.load(content),
     },
diff --git a/frontend/src/auth/ConsentModal.vue b/frontend/src/auth/ConsentModal.vue
index 3797c60be..c764245df 100644
--- a/frontend/src/auth/ConsentModal.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/auth/ConsentModal.vue
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
     @show="handleModalShow"
     @hide="handleModalHide"
   >
-    <template #title> Terms</template>
+    <template #title>{{ $t('auth.termsOfService') }}</template>
     <template #body>
       <div class="terms-wrapper" :class="{ 'is-bottom': isAtBottom }">
         <div 
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
             class="consent-input"
             type="checkbox"
           />
-          I agree to my data being made available for research purposes
+          {{ $t('auth.acceptDataSharing') }}
         </label>
       </div>
       <div
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@
             class="consent-input"
             type="checkbox"
           />
-          I allow the collection of behaviour statistics for research purpose
+          {{ $t('auth.acceptStatsBehavior') }}
         </label>
       </div>
     </template>
@@ -50,12 +50,12 @@
       <div class="button-group">
         <BasicButton
           class="btn btn-secondary"
-          text="Decline"
+          :title="$t('common.decline')"
           @click="handleDecline"
         />
         <BasicButton
           class="btn btn-primary"
-          text="Accept & Continue"
+          :title="$t('auth.acceptAndContinue')"
           @click="handleAccept"
         />
       </div>
@@ -76,6 +76,7 @@ import BasicButton from "@/basic/Button.vue";
 import axios from "axios";
 import getServerURL from "@/assets/serverUrl";
 import BasicEditor from "@/basic/editor/Editor.vue";
+import { resolveApiMessage } from "@/assets/utils";
 
 export default {
   name: "ConsentModal",
@@ -164,14 +165,14 @@ export default {
           this.close();
           this.$store.commit("auth/SET_USER", res.data);
           this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-            title: "Terms successful updated",
-            message: "The terms are successfully updated",
+            title: this.$t('auth.messages.termsUpdated'),
+            message: this.$t('auth.messages.termsUpdatedMessage'),
             variant: "success",
           });
         } else {
           this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-            title: "Error in updating terms",
-            message: res.message,
+            title: this.$t('errors.auth.termsUpdateError'),
+            message: resolveApiMessage(res),
             variant: "danger",
           });
         }
diff --git a/frontend/src/auth/EmailVerificationModal.vue b/frontend/src/auth/EmailVerificationModal.vue
index 055d1bee1..7a492f4c4 100644
--- a/frontend/src/auth/EmailVerificationModal.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/auth/EmailVerificationModal.vue
@@ -2,12 +2,12 @@
   <!-- Email Verification Modal -->
   <BasicModal ref="emailVerificationModal" name="emailVerificationModal">
     <template #title>
-      Email Verification Required
+      {{ $t('auth.emailVerificationRequired') }}
     </template>
     <template #body>
       <div v-if="!emailVerification.showSuccess && !emailVerification.showError">
-        <p>Your email address has not been verified yet. Please check your email for a verification link.</p>
-        <p>Didn't receive the email? Click below to send a new verification email.</p>
+        <p>{{ $t('auth.messages.emailNotVerified') }}</p>
+        <p>{{ $t('auth.messages.resendVerificationPrompt') }}</p>
       </div>
       <div v-if="emailVerification.showSuccess" class="alert alert-success">
         {{ emailVerification.successMessage }}
@@ -20,20 +20,20 @@
       <BasicButton
         v-if="!emailVerification.showSuccess"
         class="btn btn-secondary"
-        text="Close"
+        :text="$t('common.close')"
         data-bs-dismiss="modal"
       />
       <BasicButton
         v-if="!emailVerification.showSuccess && !emailVerification.showError"
         :loading="emailVerification.isLoading"
         class="btn btn-primary"
-        :text="emailVerification.isLoading ? 'Sending...' : 'Resend Verification Email'"
+        :text="emailVerification.isLoading ? $t('modals.sending') : $t('auth.resendVerificationEmail')"
         @click="resendVerificationEmail"
       />
       <BasicButton
         v-if="emailVerification.showSuccess"
         class="btn btn-success"
-        text="OK"
+        :text="$t('common.ok')"
         data-bs-dismiss="modal"
       />
     </template>
@@ -52,6 +52,7 @@ import BasicModal from "@/basic/Modal.vue";
 import BasicButton from "@/basic/Button.vue";
 import axios from "axios";
 import getServerURL from "@/assets/serverUrl";
+import { resolveApiMessage } from "@/assets/utils";
 
 export default {
   name: "EmailVerificationModal",
@@ -108,14 +109,14 @@ export default {
         
         if (response.status === 200) {
           this.emailVerification.showSuccess = true;
-          this.emailVerification.successMessage = response.data.message || "Verification email has been sent successfully.";
+          this.emailVerification.successMessage = resolveApiMessage(response.data, 'auth.messages.verificationEmailSent');
         } else {
           this.emailVerification.showError = true;
-          this.emailVerification.errorMessage = response.data.message || "Failed to send verification email.";
+          this.emailVerification.errorMessage = resolveApiMessage(response.data, 'errors.auth.failedToSendVerificationEmail');
         }
       } catch (_error) {
         this.emailVerification.showError = true;
-        this.emailVerification.errorMessage = "An unexpected error occurred. Please try again.";
+        this.emailVerification.errorMessage = this.$t('errors.server.unexpectedError');
       } finally {
         this.emailVerification.isLoading = false;
       }
diff --git a/frontend/src/auth/ForgotPasswordModal.vue b/frontend/src/auth/ForgotPasswordModal.vue
index e6020e105..57b9044f2 100644
--- a/frontend/src/auth/ForgotPasswordModal.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/auth/ForgotPasswordModal.vue
@@ -2,26 +2,26 @@
   <!-- Forgot Password Modal -->
   <BasicModal ref="forgotPasswordModal" name="forgotPasswordModal">
     <template #title>
-      Forgot password
+      {{ $t('auth.forgotPassword') }}
     </template>
     <template #body>
       <div v-if="!forgotPassword.success">
         <div class="form-group">
-          <label for="resetEmail" class="form-label">Email Address</label>
+          <label for="resetEmail" class="form-label">{{ $t('auth.emailAddress') }}</label>
           <input
             id="resetEmail"
             v-model="forgotPassword.email"
             type="email"
             class="form-control"
-            placeholder="Enter your email address"
+            :placeholder="$t('auth.emailAddress')"
             required
             :class="{ 'is-invalid': !forgotPasswordValidEmail && forgotPassword.email.length > 0 }"
           >
           <div v-if="!forgotPasswordValidEmail && forgotPassword.email.length > 0" class="invalid-feedback">
-            Please provide a valid email address.
+            {{ $t('errors.validation.auth.provideEmail') }}
           </div>
           <small class="form-text text-muted">
-            We'll send password reset instructions to this email address.
+            {{ $t('auth.messages.passwordResetInstructions') }}
           </small>
         </div>
       </div>
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@
     <template #footer>
       <BasicButton
         v-if="!forgotPassword.success"
-        text="Cancel"
+        :text="$t('common.cancel')"
         class="btn btn-secondary"
         data-bs-dismiss="modal"
         @click="resetForm"
@@ -47,12 +47,12 @@
         :disabled="!forgotPasswordValidEmail"
         :loading="forgotPassword.isLoading"
         class="btn btn-primary"
-        :text="forgotPassword.isLoading ? 'Sending...' : 'Send Reset Email'"
+        :text="forgotPassword.isLoading ? $t('modals.sending') : $t('modals.sendResetEmail')"
         @click="sendResetEmail"
       />
       <BasicButton
         v-if="forgotPassword.success"
-        text="Close"
+        :text="$t('common.close')"
         class="btn btn-success"
         data-bs-dismiss="modal"
         @click="resetForm"
@@ -73,6 +73,7 @@ import BasicModal from "@/basic/Modal.vue";
 import BasicButton from "@/basic/Button.vue";
 import axios from "axios";
 import getServerURL from "@/assets/serverUrl";
+import { resolveApiMessage } from "@/assets/utils";
 
 export default {
   name: "ForgotPasswordModal",
@@ -149,7 +150,7 @@ export default {
 
         if (response.status === 200) {
           this.forgotPassword.success = true;
-          this.forgotPassword.message = response.data.message || "Password reset link has been sent to your email address.";
+          this.forgotPassword.message = resolveApiMessage(response.data, 'auth.messages.passwordResetLinkSent');
           
           // Emit success event for parent components to handle
           this.$emit('reset-email-sent', {
@@ -160,14 +161,14 @@ export default {
           // Show toast notification if eventBus is available
           if (this.eventBus) {
             this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-              title: "Password Reset",
+              title: this.$t('modals.passwordReset'),
               message: this.forgotPassword.message,
               variant: "success",
             });
           }
         } else {
           this.forgotPassword.error = true;
-          this.forgotPassword.message = response.data.message || "Failed to send password reset email.";
+          this.forgotPassword.message = resolveApiMessage(response.data, 'errors.auth.failedToSendResetEmail');
           
           // Emit error event for parent components to handle
           this.$emit('reset-email-error', {
@@ -178,15 +179,15 @@ export default {
           // Show toast notification if eventBus is available
           if (this.eventBus) {
             this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-              title: "Password Reset Error",
+              title: this.$t('errors.auth.passwordResetFailed'),
               message: this.forgotPassword.message,
               variant: "danger",
             });
           }
         }
-      } catch (_error) {
+      } catch (error) {
         this.forgotPassword.error = true;
-        this.forgotPassword.message = "An unexpected error occurred. Please try again.";
+        this.forgotPassword.message = this.$t('errors.server.unexpectedError');
         
         // Emit error event for parent components to handle
         this.$emit('reset-email-error', {
@@ -197,7 +198,7 @@ export default {
         // Show toast notification if eventBus is available
         if (this.eventBus) {
           this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-            title: "Password Reset Error",
+            title: this.$t('errors.auth.passwordResetFailed'),
             message: this.forgotPassword.message,
             variant: "danger",
           });
diff --git a/frontend/src/auth/Login.vue b/frontend/src/auth/Login.vue
index f0fdec297..cf289d90e 100644
--- a/frontend/src/auth/Login.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/auth/Login.vue
@@ -17,12 +17,12 @@
 
         <div class="card">
           <div class="card-header d-flex justify-content-between align-items-center">
-            Login
+            {{ $t('auth.login') }}
             <a
               v-if="showRegisterButton"
               class="btn btn-sm btn-primary"
               @click="toRegister"
-            >Register</a>
+            >{{ $t('auth.register') }}</a>
           </div>
 
           <div class="card-body mx-4 my-4">
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
               <label
                   class="col-md-4 col-form-label text-md-right"
                   for="username"
-              >Username</label>
+              >{{ $t('auth.username') }}</label>
               <div class="col-md-6">
                 <input
                     id="username"
@@ -44,13 +44,13 @@
                     autocomplete="username"
                     autofocus
                     class="form-control"
-                    placeholder="Username or email"
+                    :placeholder="$t('auth.usernameOrEmail')"
                     required
                     type="text"
                     @blur="checkVal('username')"
                 >
                 <div class="feedback-invalid" :class="{invalid: validity['username'] && !validUsername}">
-                  Please provide a valid username.
+                  {{ $t('errors.validation.auth.provideUsername') }}
                 </div>
               </div>
             </div>
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@
               <label
                   class="col-md-4 col-form-label text-md-right"
                   for="password"
-              >Password</label>
+              >{{ $t('auth.password') }}</label>
               <div class="col-md-6">
                 <input
                     id="password"
@@ -68,13 +68,13 @@
                     autocomplete="current-password"
                     class="form-control"
                     name="password"
-                    placeholder="Password"
+                    :placeholder="$t('auth.password')"
                     required
                     type="password"
                     @blur="checkVal('password')"
                 >
                 <div class="feedback-invalid" :class="{invalid: validity['password'] && !validPassword}">
-                  Please provide a valid password of at least 8 characters.
+                  {{ $t('errors.validation.auth.providePassword') }}
                 </div>
               </div>
             </div>
@@ -84,25 +84,25 @@
                   class="btn btn-primary btn-block"
                   type="submit"
                   :loading="isSubmitting"
-                  :text="isSubmitting ? 'Signing in...' : 'Login'"
+                  :text="isSubmitting ? $t('auth.signingIn') : $t('auth.login')"
               />
               <a
                   v-if="showGuestLogin"
                   class="btn btn-link"
                   @click="login_guest()"
-              >Login as Guest</a>
+              >{{ $t('auth.loginAsGuest') }}</a>
               <a
                 v-if="showForgotPassword"
                 class="btn btn-link"
                 @click="$refs.forgotPasswordModal.open()"
-              >Forgot Password?</a>
+              >{{ $t('auth.forgotPassword') }}</a>
             </div>
 
             <hr v-if="showExternalLoginOptions">
 
             <div v-if="showExternalLoginOptions" class="col-md-8 offset-md-2 mt-3">
               <p class="text-center text-muted small mb-2">
-                Or sign in with
+                {{ $t('auth.orSignInWith') }}
               </p>
               <div class="d-grid gap-2">
                 <BasicButton
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@
           <span v-if="showDocs"><a
               :href="linkDocs"
               target="_blank"
-          >Documentation</a></span>
+          >{{ $t('navigation.documentation') }}</a></span>
           <span
               v-if="showFeedback && showDocs"
               class="mx-1"
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@
           <span v-if="showFeedback"><a
               :href="linkFeedback"
               target="_blank"
-          >Feedback</a></span>
+          >{{ $t('navigation.feedback') }}</a></span>
           <span
               v-if="showProject && (showDocs || showFeedback)"
               class="mx-1"
@@ -150,13 +150,13 @@
           <span v-if="showProject"><a
               :href="linkProject"
               target="_blank"
-          >Project Page</a></span>
+          >{{ $t('navigation.projectPage') }}</a></span>
         </div>
         <div class="text-center text-secondary">
-          {{ copyright }}
+          {{ $t('auth.copyright') }}
         </div>
         <div v-if="showVersion" class="text-center text-secondary">
-          App Version: {{ version }}
+          {{ $t('auth.appVersion') }}: {{ version }}
         </div>
       </div>
     </div>
@@ -183,6 +183,7 @@ import ForgotPasswordModal from "@/auth/ForgotPasswordModal.vue";
 import EmailVerificationModal from "@/auth/EmailVerificationModal.vue";
 import axios from "axios";
 import getServerURL from "@/assets/serverUrl";
+import { resolveApiMessage } from "@/assets/utils";
 
 export default {
   name: "AuthLogin",
@@ -284,22 +285,23 @@ export default {
     },
     mapAuthErrorCode(errorCode) {
       const mapping = {
-        "twofactor-session-save-failed": "Could not start 2FA due to a session issue. Please try logging in again.",
-        "unsupported-2fa-method": "This account uses an unsupported 2FA method. Please contact an administrator.",
-        "orcid-login-disabled": "ORCID login is currently disabled.",
-        "orcid-login-not-ready": "ORCID login is enabled but not fully configured.",
-        "orcid-login-failed": "ORCID login failed. Please try again.",
-        "saml-login-disabled": "SAML login is currently disabled.",
-        "saml-login-not-ready": "SAML login is enabled but not fully configured.",
-        "saml-login-failed": "SAML login failed. Please try again.",
+        "twofactor-session-save-failed": "errors.auth.twoFactorSessionSaveFailed",
+        "unsupported-2fa-method": "errors.auth.unsupported2FAMethod",
+        "orcid-login-disabled": "errors.auth.orcidLoginDisabled",
+        "orcid-login-not-ready": "errors.auth.orcidLoginNotReady",
+        "orcid-login-failed": "errors.auth.orcidLoginFailed",
+        "saml-login-disabled": "errors.auth.samlLoginDisabled",
+        "saml-login-not-ready": "errors.auth.samlLoginNotReady",
+        "saml-login-failed": "errors.auth.samlLoginFailed",
       };
-      return mapping[errorCode] || "Login failed. Please try again.";
+
+      return this.$t(mapping[errorCode] || "errors.auth.loginFailed");
     },
     checkSelfRegistration() {
       if (this.$route.query.registrationDisabled === "true") {
         this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-          message: "Self-registration is currently disabled. Please contact an administrator to create an account.",
-          title: "Registration Disabled",
+          message: this.$t('auth.messages.selfRegistrationDisabledMessage'),
+          title: this.$t('auth.messages.registrationDisabled'),
           variant: "warning"
         });
         // Clean up query parameter
@@ -373,7 +375,7 @@ export default {
         if (response.data.emailNotVerified) {
           this.showEmailVerificationModal(response.data.email);
         }
-        throw response.data.message;
+        throw resolveApiMessage(response.data, "errors.auth.invalidCredentials");
       }
 
       // Check if 2FA is required
@@ -414,7 +416,7 @@ export default {
           }
           // Unknown method: surface a clear error
           this.showError = true;
-          this.errorMessage = "Unsupported 2FA method returned from server.";
+          this.errorMessage = this.$t('errors.auth.unsupported2FAMethod');
           return { completedLogin: false };
         }
         // Normal login flow (no 2FA)
@@ -452,21 +454,21 @@ export default {
         );
         if (response.status === 200) {
           this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-            title: "Email Verified",
-            message: response.data.message || "Your email has been successfully verified. You can now log in.",
+            title: this.$t('auth.messages.emailVerified'),
+            message: resolveApiMessage(response.data, "auth.messages.emailVerifiedSuccess"),
             variant: "success",
           });
         } else {
           this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-            title: "Email Verification Error",
-            message: response.data.message || "Failed to verify email.",
+            title: this.$t('errors.auth.emailVerificationError'),
+            message: resolveApiMessage(response.data, "errors.auth.failedToVerifyEmail"),
             variant: "danger",
           });
         }
       } catch (_error) {
         this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-          title: "Email Verification Error",
-          message: "Failed to verify email. Please try again later.",
+          title: this.$t('errors.auth.emailVerificationError'),
+          message: this.$t('errors.auth.failedToVerifyEmail'),
           variant: "danger",
         });
       }
diff --git a/frontend/src/auth/LoginLdap.vue b/frontend/src/auth/LoginLdap.vue
index ee88d2788..8bccda889 100644
--- a/frontend/src/auth/LoginLdap.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/auth/LoginLdap.vue
@@ -9,10 +9,10 @@
           <div
             class="card-header d-flex justify-content-between align-items-center"
           >
-            Institutional Login (LDAP)
+            {{ $t('auth.ldap.institutionalLogin') }}
             <BasicButton
               class="btn btn-sm btn-outline-secondary"
-              text="Back"
+              :title="$t('common.back')"
               @click="backToPasswordLogin"
             />
           </div>
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
                 class="col-md-4 col-form-label text-md-right"
                 for="ldapUsername"
               >
-                Institutional Username
+                {{ $t('auth.ldap.institutionalUsername') }}
               </label>
               <div class="col-md-6">
                 <input
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
                   autocomplete="username"
                   autofocus
                   class="form-control"
-                  placeholder="Enter your institutional username"
+                  :placeholder="$t('auth.ldap.institutionalUsernamePlaceholder')"
                   required
                   type="text"
                   @blur="checkVal('username')"
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@
                   class="feedback-invalid"
                   :class="{ invalid: validity['username'] && !validUsername }"
                 >
-                  Please enter your institutional username.
+                  {{ $t('errors.validation.auth.provideInstitutionalUsername') }}
                 </div>
               </div>
             </div>
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@
                 class="col-md-4 col-form-label text-md-right"
                 for="ldapPassword"
               >
-                Institutional Password
+                {{ $t('auth.ldap.institutionalPassword') }}
               </label>
               <div class="col-md-6">
                 <input
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@
                   v-model="formData.password"
                   autocomplete="current-password"
                   class="form-control"
-                  placeholder="Enter your institutional password"
+                  :placeholder="$t('auth.ldap.institutionalPasswordPlaceholder')"
                   required
                   type="password"
                   @blur="checkVal('password')"
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@
                   class="feedback-invalid"
                   :class="{ invalid: validity['password'] && !validPassword }"
                 >
-                  Please enter your institutional password.
+                  {{ $t('errors.validation.auth.provideInstitutionalPassword') }}
                 </div>
               </div>
             </div>
@@ -80,14 +80,14 @@
                 class="btn btn-primary btn-block"
                 type="submit"
                 :loading="isSubmitting"
-                :text="isSubmitting ? 'Signing in...' : 'Login with LDAP'"
+                :text="isSubmitting ? $t('auth.signingIn') : $t('auth.ldap.loginWithLdap')"
               />
             </div>
             <div class="text-center text-muted small">
               <p class="mb-0">
                 <i class="bi bi-shield-lock"></i>
-                Your institutional password is not stored in CARE <br />
-                and is only used for authentication against your institution.
+                {{ $t('auth.ldap.passwordNotStoredLine1') }} <br />
+                {{ $t('auth.ldap.passwordNotStoredLine2') }}
               </p>
             </div>
           </div>
@@ -106,6 +106,7 @@ import IconAsset from "@/basic/icon/IconAsset.vue";
 import BasicButton from "@/basic/Button.vue";
 import axios from "axios";
 import getServerURL from "@/assets/serverUrl";
+import { resolveApiMessage } from "@/assets/utils";
 
 export default {
   name: "AuthLoginLdap",
@@ -190,9 +191,10 @@ export default {
 
         if (response.status === 400 || response.status === 401) {
           this.showError = true;
-          this.errorMessage =
-            response.data.message ||
-            "Invalid institutional credentials. Please try again.";
+          this.errorMessage = resolveApiMessage(
+            response.data,
+            "errors.auth.invalidInstitutionalCredentials",
+          );
           return false;
         }
 
@@ -232,7 +234,7 @@ export default {
             }
 
             this.showError = true;
-            this.errorMessage = "Unsupported 2FA method returned from server.";
+            this.errorMessage = this.$t("errors.auth.unsupported2FAMethod");
             return false;
           }
 
@@ -243,9 +245,10 @@ export default {
         return false;
       } catch (error) {
         this.showError = true;
-        this.errorMessage =
-          error.response?.data?.message ||
-          "LDAP login failed. Please try again.";
+        this.errorMessage = resolveApiMessage(
+          error.response?.data,
+          "errors.auth.ldapLoginFailed",
+        );
         return false;
       } finally {
         this.isSubmitting = false;
diff --git a/frontend/src/auth/NotFound.vue b/frontend/src/auth/NotFound.vue
index d0b1c3567..6e51b030b 100644
--- a/frontend/src/auth/NotFound.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/auth/NotFound.vue
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 <template>
   <div style="text-align: center;">
-    <h1>404 not found</h1>
-    <h2>This page does not exist!</h2>
+    <h1>{{ $t('errors.page.notFoundTitle') }}</h1>
+    <h2>{{ $t('errors.page.notFoundMessage') }}</h2>
   </div>
 </template>
 
diff --git a/frontend/src/auth/Register.vue b/frontend/src/auth/Register.vue
index 8a25daf09..3351dfb66 100644
--- a/frontend/src/auth/Register.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/auth/Register.vue
@@ -18,12 +18,12 @@
 
         <div class="card">
           <div class="card-header d-flex justify-content-between align-items-center">
-            Register
+            {{ $t('auth.register') }}
             <a
                 class="btn btn-sm btn-primary"
                 href="#"
                 @click="toLogin"
-            >Login</a>
+            >{{ $t('auth.login') }}</a>
           </div>
 
           <div class="card-body mx-4 my-4">
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@
               <label
                   class="col-md-4 col-form-label text-md-right"
                   for="firstName"
-              >First name</label>
+              >{{ $t('auth.firstName') }}</label>
               <div class="col-md-6">
                 <input
                     id="firstName"
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@
                     type="text"
                 >
                 <div class="feedback-invalid">
-                  Please provide your first name.
+                  {{ $t('errors.validation.auth.provideFirstName') }}
                 </div>
               </div>
             </div>
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@
               <label
                   class="col-md-4 col-form-label text-md-right"
                   for="lastName"
-              >Last name</label>
+              >{{ $t('auth.lastName') }}</label>
               <div class="col-md-6">
                 <input
                     id="lastName"
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@
                     type="text"
                 >
                 <div class="feedback-invalid">
-                  Please provide your last name.
+                  {{ $t('errors.validation.auth.provideLastName') }}
                 </div>
               </div>
             </div>
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@
               <label
                   class="col-md-4 col-form-label text-md-right"
                   for="userName"
-              >Username</label>
+              >{{ $t('auth.username') }}</label>
               <div class="col-md-6">
                 <input
                     id="userName"
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@
                     @blur="checkVal('userName')"
                 >
                 <div class="feedback-invalid" :class="{invalid: validity['userName'] && !validUsername}">
-                  Please provide a valid username - no special characters.
+                  {{ $t('errors.validation.auth.usernameNoSpecialChars') }}
                 </div>
               </div>
             </div>
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@
               <label
                   class="col-md-4 col-form-label text-md-right"
                   for="email"
-              >E-Mail</label>
+              >{{ $t('auth.email') }}</label>
               <div class="col-md-6">
                 <input
                     id="email"
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@
                     @blur="checkVal('email')"
                 >
                 <div class="feedback-invalid" :class="{invalid: validity['email'] && !validEmail}">
-                  Please provide a valid email address.
+                  {{ $t('errors.validation.auth.provideEmail') }}
                 </div>
               </div>
             </div>
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@
               <label
                   class="col-md-4 col-form-label text-md-right"
                   for="password"
-              >Password</label>
+              >{{ $t('auth.password') }}</label>
               <div class="col-md-6">
                 <input
                     id="password"
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@
                     @blur="checkVal('password')"
                 >
                 <div class="feedback-invalid" :class="{invalid: validity['password'] && !validPassword}">
-                  Password must be at least 8 characters. Use letters, numbers, and standard punctuation; no spaces-only or emojis.
+                  {{ $t('errors.validation.auth.passwordRequirements') }}
                 </div>
               </div>
             </div>
@@ -150,12 +150,12 @@
                       name="acceptTerms"
                       type="checkbox"
                       @blur="checkVal('acceptTerms')"
-                  > I accept the <a
+                  > {{ $t('auth.acceptTermsPrefix') }} <a
                     href="#"
                     @click="$refs.terms.open()"
-                >Terms of Service</a>
-                  <div class="feedback-invalid" :class="{invalid: validity['acceptTerms'] && !validTerms}">Please accept
-                    the terms.
+                  >{{ $t('auth.termsOfService') }}</a>
+                  <div class="feedback-invalid" :class="{invalid: validity['acceptTerms'] && !validTerms}"
+                    >{{ $t('errors.validation.auth.acceptTermsRequired') }}
                   </div>
                 </label>
               </div>
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@
                       v-model="formData['acceptStats']"
                       name="acceptStats"
                       type="checkbox"
-                  > I allow the collection of anonymous statistics
+                  > {{ $t('auth.acceptStats') }}
                 </label>
               </div>
             </div>
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@
                       v-model="formData['acceptDataSharing']"
                       name="acceptDataSharing"
                       type="checkbox"
-                  > I agree to my data being made available for research purposes
+                  > {{ $t('auth.acceptDataSharing') }}
                 </label>
               </div>
             </div>
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@
                 class="btn btn-primary"
                 type="submit"
                 :disabled="!config['isRegistrationEnabled']"
-                text="Register"
+                :title="$t('auth.register')"
               />
             </div>
           </div>
@@ -218,6 +218,7 @@ import LogoSvg from "@/basic/icon/LogoSvg.vue";
 import BasicButton from "@/basic/Button.vue";
 import axios from "axios";
 import getServerURL from "@/assets/serverUrl";
+import { resolveApiMessage } from "@/assets/utils";
 
 export default {
   name: "AuthRegister",
@@ -317,14 +318,14 @@ export default {
         });
         if( window.config["app.register.emailVerification"] === "true" ) {
           this.eventBus.emit('toast', {
-            message: "A validation link was sent to your email",
-            title: "Validate your email",
+            message: this.$t('auth.messages.validationLinkSent'),
+            title: this.$t('auth.messages.validateEmail'),
             variant: 'warning'
           });
         } else{
           this.eventBus.emit('toast', {
-            message: "Registration successful! You can now log in.",
-            title: "Success",
+            message: this.$t('auth.messages.registrationSuccess'),
+            title: this.$t('common.success'),
             variant: 'success'
           });
         }
@@ -333,8 +334,8 @@ export default {
         this.toLogin();
       } catch (err) {
         this.eventBus.emit('toast', {
-          message: err.response && err.response.data && err.response.data.message ? err.response.data.message : err.message,
-          title: "Invalid User Credentials",
+          message: resolveApiMessage(err.response?.data || { message: err.message }, 'errors.server.unexpectedError'),
+          title: this.$t('errors.auth.invalidCredentials'),
           variant: 'danger'
         });
       }
diff --git a/frontend/src/auth/ResetPassword.vue b/frontend/src/auth/ResetPassword.vue
index a5a311e5e..0d66a2e0d 100644
--- a/frontend/src/auth/ResetPassword.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/auth/ResetPassword.vue
@@ -13,16 +13,16 @@
 
         <div class="card">
           <div class="card-header">
-            Reset Password
+            {{ $t('auth.resetPassword') }}
           </div>
 
           <div class="card-body mx-4 my-4">
             <!-- Loading State -->
             <div v-if="validatingToken" class="text-center">
               <div class="spinner-border text-primary" role="status">
-                <span class="visually-hidden">Loading...</span>
+                <span class="visually-hidden">{{ $t('common.loading') }}</span>
               </div>
-              <p class="mt-3">Validating reset token...</p>
+              <p class="mt-3">{{ $t('auth.messages.validatingResetToken') }}</p>
             </div>
 
             <!-- Error State -->
@@ -46,14 +46,14 @@
               <BasicButton
                   v-if="!isSuccess && tokenValidated && !validatingToken"
                   class="btn btn-primary w-full max-w-xs mt-4 "
-                  text="Reset Password"
+                  :text="$t('auth.resetPassword')"
                   @click="checkForm"
               />
 
               <BasicButton
                   v-if="isSuccess || (showError && !tokenValidated && !validatingToken)"
                   :class="isSuccess ? 'btn btn-success w-full max-w-xs' : 'btn btn-secondary w-full max-w-xs'"
-                  :text="isSuccess ? 'Return to Login' : 'Back to Login'"
+                  :text="isSuccess ? $t('auth.returnToLogin') : $t('auth.backToLogin')"
                   @click="toLogin"
               />
           </div>
@@ -76,6 +76,7 @@ import BasicForm from "@/basic/Form.vue";
 import BasicButton from "@/basic/Button.vue";
 import axios from "axios";
 import getServerURL from "@/assets/serverUrl";
+import { resolveApiMessage } from "@/assets/utils";
 
 export default {
   name: "AuthResetPassword",
@@ -91,13 +92,17 @@ export default {
         newPassword: "",
         confirmPassword: ""
       },
-      fields: [
+    }
+  },
+  computed: {
+    fields() {
+      return [
         {
           key: "newPassword",
           type: "password",
           required: true,
-          placeholder: "Enter new password (minimum 8 characters, no emojis or spaces-only)",
-          invalidText: "Password must be at least 8 characters. Use letters, numbers, and standard punctuation.",
+          placeholder: this.$t('auth.placeholders.newPasswordPlaceholder'),
+          invalidText: this.$t('errors.validation.auth.passwordMinLength'),
           pattern: ".{8,}",
           default: "",
           size: 12,
@@ -106,16 +111,14 @@ export default {
           key: "confirmPassword",
           type: "password",
           required: true,
-          placeholder: "Confirm new password",
-          invalidText: "Passwords do not match.",
+          placeholder: this.$t('auth.placeholders.confirmPasswordPlaceholder'),
+          invalidText: this.$t('errors.validation.auth.passwordsDoNotMatch'),
           pattern: ".{8,}",
           default: "",
           size: 12,
         }
-      ],
-    }
-  },
-  computed: {
+      ];
+    },
     resetToken() {
       return this.$route.query.token;
     },
@@ -140,7 +143,7 @@ export default {
     // Check if token is present
     if (!this.resetToken) {
       this.showError = true;
-      this.errorMessage = "Invalid reset link. Please request a new password reset.";
+      this.errorMessage = this.$t('errors.auth.invalidResetLink');
       this.validatingToken = false;
       return;
     }
@@ -163,11 +166,11 @@ export default {
           this.tokenValidated = true;
         } else {
           this.showError = true;
-          this.errorMessage = response.data.message || "Invalid or expired reset token.";
+          this.errorMessage = resolveApiMessage(response.data, 'errors.auth.invalidOrExpiredToken');
         }
       } catch (error) {
         this.showError = true;
-        this.errorMessage = "Failed to validate reset token. Please try again.";
+        this.errorMessage = this.$t('errors.auth.failedToValidateToken');
         console.error('Token validation error:', error);
       } finally {
         this.validatingToken = false;
@@ -177,7 +180,7 @@ export default {
       // Ensure token is validated first
       if (!this.tokenValidated) {
         this.showError = true;
-        this.errorMessage = "Invalid reset token. Please request a new password reset.";
+        this.errorMessage = this.$t('errors.auth.invalidResetToken');
         return;
       }
       
@@ -185,7 +188,7 @@ export default {
       if (this.$refs.resetForm && this.$refs.resetForm.validate) {
         if (!this.$refs.resetForm.validate()) {
           this.showError = true;
-          this.errorMessage = "Please ensure passwords meet the requirements.";
+          this.errorMessage = this.$t('errors.validation.ensurePasswordRequirements');
           return;
         }
       }
@@ -195,7 +198,7 @@ export default {
         await this.resetPassword();
       } else {
         this.showError = true;
-        this.errorMessage = "Please fill in all fields correctly.";
+        this.errorMessage = this.$t('errors.validation.fillAllFields');
       }
     },
     async resetPassword() {
@@ -217,14 +220,14 @@ export default {
           
           this.isSuccess = true;
           this.showError = true; // Using this to show success message
-          this.errorMessage = "Password has been successfully reset. You can now login with your new password.";
+          this.errorMessage = resolveApiMessage(response.data, 'auth.messages.passwordResetSuccess');
         } else {
           this.showError = true;
-          this.errorMessage = response.data.message || "Failed to reset password.";
+          this.errorMessage = resolveApiMessage(response.data, 'errors.auth.failedToResetPassword');
         }
       } catch (error) {
         this.showError = true;
-        this.errorMessage = "Failed to reset password. Please try again later.";
+        this.errorMessage = this.$t('errors.auth.failedToResetPassword');
         console.error('Reset password error:', error);
       }
     },
diff --git a/frontend/src/auth/TermsModal.vue b/frontend/src/auth/TermsModal.vue
index 75db4c124..28b4fa9ad 100644
--- a/frontend/src/auth/TermsModal.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/auth/TermsModal.vue
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
     lg
   >
     <template #title>
-      Terms
+      {{ $t('auth.termsOfService') }}
     </template>
     <template #body>
       <BasicEditor :model-value="terms" :read-only="true" />
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
     <template #footer>
       <BasicButton
         class="btn btn-secondary"
-        text="Close"
+        :title="$t('common.close')"
         @click="cancel"
       />
     </template>
diff --git a/frontend/src/auth/TwoFactorSelect.vue b/frontend/src/auth/TwoFactorSelect.vue
index 088b133a6..a6125bf53 100644
--- a/frontend/src/auth/TwoFactorSelect.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/auth/TwoFactorSelect.vue
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
         </div>
 
         <div class="card">
-          <div class="card-header">Choose verification method</div>
+          <div class="card-header">{{ $t("auth.twoFactor.select.title") }}</div>
 
           <div class="card-body mx-4 my-4">
             <p v-if="showError" class="text-danger text-center">
@@ -16,10 +16,10 @@
 
             <div class="text-center mb-3">
               <p class="text-muted mb-1">
-                Your account is protected with multiple two-factor methods.
+                {{ $t("auth.twoFactor.select.description") }}
               </p>
               <p class="text-muted small mb-0">
-                Please choose how you want to verify this login.
+                {{ $t("auth.twoFactor.select.instruction") }}
               </p>
             </div>
 
@@ -61,19 +61,18 @@
                 type="submit"
                 :disabled="!selectedMethod"
                 :loading="isSubmitting"
-                :text="isSubmitting ? 'Continuing...' : 'Continue'"
+                :text="isSubmitting ? $t('auth.twoFactor.select.continuing') : $t('common.continue')"
               />
               <BasicButton
                 class="btn btn-link"
-                text="Cancel"
+                :title="$t('common.cancel')"
                 @click="cancel"
               />
             </div>
 
             <div class="text-center text-muted small">
               <p class="mb-0">
-                You can change your available methods in your profile after
-                logging in.
+                {{ $t("auth.twoFactor.select.profileHint") }}
               </p>
             </div>
           </div>
@@ -126,23 +125,23 @@ export default {
       }
     },
     getMethodLabel(method) {
-      if (method === "email") return "Email verification code";
-      if (method === "totp") return "Authenticator app (TOTP)";
+      if (method === "email") return this.$t("auth.twoFactor.select.methods.email.label");
+      if (method === "totp") return this.$t("auth.twoFactor.select.methods.totp.label");
       return method;
     },
     getMethodDescription(method) {
       if (method === "email") {
-        return "We will send a 6-digit code to your registered email address.";
+        return this.$t("auth.twoFactor.select.methods.email.description");
       }
       if (method === "totp") {
-        return "Use a code from your authenticator app (e.g., Google Authenticator).";
+        return this.$t("auth.twoFactor.select.methods.totp.description");
       }
-      return "Use this method to complete your login.";
+      return this.$t("auth.twoFactor.select.methods.fallbackDescription");
     },
     async submitSelection() {
       if (!this.selectedMethod) {
         this.showError = true;
-        this.errorMessage = "Please select a verification method.";
+        this.errorMessage = this.$t("auth.twoFactor.select.errors.selectMethod");
         return;
       }
 
@@ -166,7 +165,7 @@ export default {
           this.showError = true;
           this.errorMessage =
             response.data.message ||
-            "Failed to start the selected verification method.";
+            this.$t("auth.twoFactor.select.errors.startFailed");
           return;
         }
 
@@ -194,12 +193,12 @@ export default {
 
         this.showError = true;
         this.errorMessage =
-          "The selected verification method is not supported in the client.";
+          this.$t("auth.twoFactor.select.errors.unsupportedMethod");
       } catch (error) {
         this.showError = true;
         this.errorMessage =
           error.response?.data?.message ||
-          "Failed to start the selected verification method. Please try again.";
+          this.$t("auth.twoFactor.select.errors.startFailedRetry");
       } finally {
         this.isSubmitting = false;
       }
diff --git a/frontend/src/auth/TwoFactorSettingsModal.vue b/frontend/src/auth/TwoFactorSettingsModal.vue
index ccf5c7e37..802384950 100644
--- a/frontend/src/auth/TwoFactorSettingsModal.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/auth/TwoFactorSettingsModal.vue
@@ -9,38 +9,38 @@
     @hide="handleModalHide"
   >
     <template #title>
-      <span>Two-Factor Authentication Settings</span>
+      <span>{{ $t("auth.twoFactor.settings.title") }}</span>
     </template>
     <template #body>
       <!-- Loading State -->
       <div v-if="isLoading" class="text-center py-4">
         <div class="spinner-border text-primary" role="status">
-          <span class="visually-hidden">Loading...</span>
+          <span class="visually-hidden">{{ $t("common.loading") }}</span>
         </div>
-        <p class="text-muted mt-2">Loading...</p>
+        <p class="text-muted mt-2">{{ $t("common.loading") }}</p>
       </div>
       <!-- Main Content -->
         <div v-else>
         <div v-if="enforced && enabledMethods.length === 0" class="alert alert-warning">
           <i class="bi bi-shield-lock"></i>
-          Two-factor authentication is required by your administrator. Configure at least one method to continue.
+          {{ $t("auth.twoFactor.settings.enforcedWarning") }}
         </div>
         <!-- Status Summary -->
         <div v-if="enabledMethods.length === 0" class="alert alert-info">
           <i class="bi bi-info-circle"></i>
-          Status: No 2FA methods enabled
+          {{ $t("auth.twoFactor.settings.status.none") }}
         </div>
         <div v-else class="alert alert-success">
           <i class="bi bi-shield-check"></i>
-          Status: {{ enabledMethods.length }} method(s) enabled
+          {{ $t("auth.twoFactor.settings.status.enabled", { count: enabledMethods.length }) }}
         </div>
         <!-- Email 2FA Section -->
         <div class="method-section mb-4">
           <div class="d-flex justify-content-between align-items-center mb-2">
             <div>
-              <h6 class="mb-1">Email Verification</h6>
+              <h6 class="mb-1">{{ $t("auth.twoFactor.settings.email.title") }}</h6>
               <p class="text-muted small mb-0">
-                Receive a 6-digit code via email when logging in
+                {{ $t("auth.twoFactor.settings.email.description") }}
               </p>
             </div>
             <div class="form-check form-switch">
@@ -53,26 +53,26 @@
                 @change="toggleEmail2FA"
               />
               <label class="form-check-label" for="toggle-email">
-                {{ emailEnabled ? "Enabled" : "Disabled" }}
+                {{ emailEnabled ? $t("common.enabled") : $t("common.disabled") }}
               </label>
             </div>
           </div>
           <div v-if="emailEnabled" class="alert alert-light small mb-0">
             <i class="bi bi-check-circle text-success"></i>
-            Codes will be sent to: <strong>{{ userEmail }}</strong>
+            {{ $t("auth.twoFactor.settings.email.codesSentTo") }} <strong>{{ userEmail }}</strong>
           </div>
           <div v-if="!hasEmail" class="alert alert-warning small mb-0 mt-2">
             <i class="bi bi-exclamation-triangle"></i>
-            You need to add and verify an email address in your profile first
+            {{ $t("auth.twoFactor.settings.email.emailRequiredHint") }}
           </div>
         </div>
         <!-- TOTP 2FA Section -->
         <div class="method-section mb-4">
           <div class="d-flex justify-content-between align-items-center mb-2">
             <div>
-              <h6 class="mb-1">Authenticator App (TOTP)</h6>
+              <h6 class="mb-1">{{ $t("auth.twoFactor.settings.totp.title") }}</h6>
               <p class="text-muted small mb-0">
-                Use an authenticator app like Google Authenticator
+                {{ $t("auth.twoFactor.settings.totp.description") }}
               </p>
             </div>
             <div class="form-check form-switch">
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@
                 @change="toggleTotp2FA"
               />
               <label class="form-check-label" for="toggle-totp">
-                {{ totpEnabled ? "Enabled" : "Disabled" }}
+                {{ totpEnabled ? $t("common.enabled") : $t("common.disabled") }}
               </label>
             </div>
           </div>
@@ -94,29 +94,28 @@
             <div v-if="totpSetupStep === 'initiate'" class="setup-content">
               <div class="alert alert-info">
                 <i class="bi bi-info-circle"></i>
-                Scan the QR code with your authenticator app, then enter the
-                code to verify setup.
+                {{ $t("auth.twoFactor.settings.totp.scanQrInstruction") }}
               </div>
               <div class="text-center my-3">
                 <div v-if="totpQrCode" class="qr-code-container">
                   <img
                     :src="totpQrCode"
-                    alt="TOTP QR Code"
+                    :alt="$t('auth.twoFactor.settings.totp.qrCodeAlt')"
                     class="qr-code-image"
                   />
                 </div>
                 <div v-else-if="totpQrCodeError" class="alert alert-warning small mb-0">
-                  Could not generate QR code. Use the manual entry key below.
+                  {{ $t("auth.twoFactor.settings.totp.qrCodeError") }}
                 </div>
                 <div v-else class="spinner-border text-primary" role="status">
-                  <span class="visually-hidden">Generating QR code...</span>
+                  <span class="visually-hidden">{{ $t("auth.twoFactor.settings.totp.generatingQrCode") }}</span>
                 </div>
               </div>
               <div v-if="totpSecret" class="alert alert-light small">
-                <strong>Manual entry:</strong> {{ totpSecret }}
+                <strong>{{ $t("auth.twoFactor.settings.totp.manualEntry") }}</strong> {{ totpSecret }}
               </div>
               <div class="form-group mt-3">
-                <label class="form-label">Enter verification code</label>
+                <label class="form-label">{{ $t("auth.twoFactor.settings.totp.enterVerificationCode") }}</label>
                 <input
                   v-model="totpVerificationCode"
                   type="text"
@@ -127,7 +126,7 @@
                   @input="formatTotpCode"
                 />
                 <div class="form-text">
-                  Enter the 6-digit code from your authenticator app
+                  {{ $t("auth.twoFactor.settings.totp.enterCodeHint") }}
                 </div>
               </div>
               <div class="d-flex gap-2 mt-3">
@@ -135,13 +134,13 @@
                   class="btn btn-primary"
                   :disabled="!canVerifyTotpSetup"
                   :loading="isSubmitting"
-                  :text="isSubmitting ? 'Verifying...' : 'Verify & Enable'"
+                  :text="isSubmitting ? $t('auth.twoFactor.settings.totp.verifying') : $t('auth.twoFactor.settings.totp.verifyAndEnable')"
                   @click="verifyTotpSetup"
                 />
                 <BasicButton
                   class="btn btn-secondary"
                   :disabled="isSubmitting"
-                  text="Cancel"
+                  :title="$t('common.cancel')"
                   @click="cancelTotpSetup"
                 />
               </div>
@@ -153,7 +152,7 @@
             class="alert alert-light small mb-0 mt-2"
           >
             <i class="bi bi-check-circle text-success"></i>
-            TOTP is configured and active
+            {{ $t("auth.twoFactor.settings.totp.active") }}
           </div>
         </div>
 
@@ -161,12 +160,10 @@
         <div class="alert alert-light mt-3">
           <h6 class="alert-heading">
             <i class="bi bi-info-circle"></i>
-            How it works
+            {{ $t("auth.twoFactor.settings.info.title") }}
           </h6>
           <p class="small mb-0">
-            When logging in, you'll be asked to verify using one of your enabled
-            methods. If multiple methods are enabled, you can choose which one
-            to use.
+            {{ $t("auth.twoFactor.settings.info.description") }}
           </p>
         </div>
       </div>
@@ -174,7 +171,7 @@
     <template #footer>
       <span v-if="!(enforced && enabledMethods.length === 0)" class="btn-group">
         <BasicButton
-          text="Close"
+          :title="$t('common.close')"
           class="btn btn-secondary"
           @click="$refs.modal.close()"
         />
@@ -189,6 +186,7 @@ import BasicButton from "@/basic/Button.vue";
 import axios from "axios";
 import QRCode from "qrcode";
 import getServerURL from "@/assets/serverUrl";
+import { resolveApiMessage } from "@/assets/utils";
 
 /**
  * Modal for managing two-factor authentication settings
@@ -307,10 +305,8 @@ export default {
         }
       } catch (error) {
         this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-          title: "Failed to load 2FA settings",
-          message:
-            error.response?.data?.message ||
-            "An error occurred while loading 2FA settings",
+          title: this.$t("auth.twoFactor.settings.toasts.loadFailed"),
+          message: resolveApiMessage(error.response?.data || error),
           variant: "danger",
         });
       } finally {
@@ -327,9 +323,8 @@ export default {
     async enableEmail2FA() {
       if (!this.hasEmail) {
         this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-          title: "Email required",
-          message:
-            "Please add and verify an email address in your profile first",
+          title: this.$t("auth.twoFactor.settings.toasts.emailRequired"),
+          message: this.$t("auth.twoFactor.settings.email.emailRequiredHint"),
           variant: "warning",
         });
         this.emailEnabled = false;
@@ -350,26 +345,24 @@ export default {
 
         if (response.status === 200) {
           this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-            title: "Email 2FA enabled",
-            message: "Email verification has been enabled",
+            title: this.$t("auth.twoFactor.settings.toasts.emailEnabled.title"),
+            message: this.$t("auth.twoFactor.settings.toasts.emailEnabled.message"),
             variant: "success",
           });
           await this.load2FAStatus();
         } else {
           this.emailEnabled = false;
           this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-            title: "Failed to enable email 2FA",
-            message: response.data.message || "Failed to enable email 2FA",
+            title: this.$t("auth.twoFactor.settings.toasts.emailEnableFailed"),
+            message: resolveApiMessage(response.data),
             variant: "danger",
           });
         }
       } catch (error) {
         this.emailEnabled = false;
         this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-          title: "Failed to enable email 2FA",
-          message:
-            error.response?.data?.message ||
-            "An error occurred while enabling email 2FA",
+          title: this.$t("auth.twoFactor.settings.toasts.emailEnableFailed"),
+          message: resolveApiMessage(error.response?.data || error),
           variant: "danger",
         });
       } finally {
@@ -379,9 +372,8 @@ export default {
     async disableEmail2FA() {
       if (this.isTwoFactorRequired && this.enabledMethods.length <= 1) {
         this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-          title: "Action blocked",
-          message:
-            "2FA is required. Configure another method before disabling this one.",
+          title: this.$t("auth.twoFactor.settings.toasts.actionBlocked.title"),
+          message: this.$t("auth.twoFactor.settings.toasts.actionBlocked.message"),
           variant: "warning",
         });
         this.emailEnabled = true;
@@ -390,7 +382,7 @@ export default {
 
       if (
         !confirm(
-          "Are you sure you want to disable email 2FA? This will reduce your account security.",
+          this.$t("auth.twoFactor.settings.confirm.disableEmail"),
         )
       ) {
         this.emailEnabled = true;
@@ -411,26 +403,24 @@ export default {
 
         if (response.status === 200) {
           this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-            title: "Email 2FA disabled",
-            message: "Email verification has been disabled",
+            title: this.$t("auth.twoFactor.settings.toasts.emailDisabled.title"),
+            message: this.$t("auth.twoFactor.settings.toasts.emailDisabled.message"),
             variant: "success",
           });
           await this.load2FAStatus();
         } else {
           this.emailEnabled = true;
           this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-            title: "Failed to disable email 2FA",
-            message: response.data.message || "Failed to disable email 2FA",
+            title: this.$t("auth.twoFactor.settings.toasts.emailDisableFailed"),
+            message: resolveApiMessage(response.data),
             variant: "danger",
           });
         }
       } catch (error) {
         this.emailEnabled = true;
         this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-          title: "Failed to disable email 2FA",
-          message:
-            error.response?.data?.message ||
-            "An error occurred while disabling email 2FA",
+          title: this.$t("auth.twoFactor.settings.toasts.emailDisableFailed"),
+          message: resolveApiMessage(error.response?.data || error),
           variant: "danger",
         });
       } finally {
@@ -470,8 +460,8 @@ export default {
           this.isSettingUpTotp = false;
           this.totpEnabled = false;
           this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-            title: "Failed to start TOTP setup",
-            message: response.data.message || "Failed to initiate TOTP setup",
+            title: this.$t("auth.twoFactor.settings.toasts.totpSetupStartFailed"),
+            message: resolveApiMessage(response.data),
             variant: "danger",
           });
         }
@@ -479,10 +469,8 @@ export default {
         this.isSettingUpTotp = false;
         this.totpEnabled = false;
         this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-          title: "Failed to start TOTP setup",
-          message:
-            error.response?.data?.message ||
-            "An error occurred while starting TOTP setup",
+          title: this.$t("auth.twoFactor.settings.toasts.totpSetupStartFailed"),
+          message: resolveApiMessage(error.response?.data || error),
           variant: "danger",
         });
       }
@@ -507,8 +495,8 @@ export default {
 
         if (response.status === 200) {
           this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-            title: "TOTP enabled",
-            message: "Authenticator app has been successfully configured",
+            title: this.$t("auth.twoFactor.settings.toasts.totpEnabled.title"),
+            message: this.$t("auth.twoFactor.settings.toasts.totpEnabled.message"),
             variant: "success",
           });
 
@@ -517,17 +505,15 @@ export default {
           await this.load2FAStatus();
         } else {
           this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-            title: "Verification failed",
-            message: response.data.message || "Invalid code. Please try again.",
+            title: this.$t("auth.twoFactor.settings.toasts.verificationFailed"),
+            message: resolveApiMessage(response.data),
             variant: "danger",
           });
         }
       } catch (error) {
         this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-          title: "Verification failed",
-          message:
-            error.response?.data?.message ||
-            "Failed to verify TOTP code. Please try again.",
+          title: this.$t("auth.twoFactor.settings.toasts.verificationFailed"),
+          message: resolveApiMessage(error.response?.data || error),
           variant: "danger",
         });
       } finally {
@@ -563,9 +549,8 @@ export default {
     async disableTotp2FA() {
       if (this.isTwoFactorRequired && this.enabledMethods.length <= 1) {
         this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-          title: "Action blocked",
-          message:
-            "2FA is required. Configure another method before disabling this one.",
+          title: this.$t("auth.twoFactor.settings.toasts.actionBlocked.title"),
+          message: this.$t("auth.twoFactor.settings.toasts.actionBlocked.message"),
           variant: "warning",
         });
         this.totpEnabled = true;
@@ -574,7 +559,7 @@ export default {
 
       if (
         !confirm(
-          "Are you sure you want to disable TOTP 2FA? This will reduce your account security.",
+          this.$t("auth.twoFactor.settings.confirm.disableTotp"),
         )
       ) {
         this.totpEnabled = true;
@@ -595,26 +580,24 @@ export default {
 
         if (response.status === 200) {
           this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-            title: "TOTP disabled",
-            message: "TOTP has been disabled",
+            title: this.$t("auth.twoFactor.settings.toasts.totpDisabled.title"),
+            message: this.$t("auth.twoFactor.settings.toasts.totpDisabled.message"),
             variant: "success",
           });
           await this.load2FAStatus();
         } else {
           this.totpEnabled = true;
           this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-            title: "Failed to disable TOTP",
-            message: response.data.message || "Failed to disable TOTP",
+            title: this.$t("auth.twoFactor.settings.toasts.totpDisableFailed"),
+            message: resolveApiMessage(response.data),
             variant: "danger",
           });
         }
       } catch (error) {
         this.totpEnabled = true;
         this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-          title: "Failed to disable TOTP",
-          message:
-            error.response?.data?.message ||
-            "An error occurred while disabling TOTP",
+          title: this.$t("auth.twoFactor.settings.toasts.totpDisableFailed"),
+          message: resolveApiMessage(error.response?.data || error),
           variant: "danger",
         });
       } finally {
diff --git a/frontend/src/auth/TwoFactorVerifyEmail.vue b/frontend/src/auth/TwoFactorVerifyEmail.vue
index 4c8ad12e2..27b5a0f11 100644
--- a/frontend/src/auth/TwoFactorVerifyEmail.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/auth/TwoFactorVerifyEmail.vue
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
         </div>
 
         <div class="card">
-          <div class="card-header">Two-Factor Authentication</div>
+          <div class="card-header">{{ $t("auth.twoFactor.verifyEmail.title") }}</div>
 
           <div class="card-body mx-4 my-4">
             <p v-if="showError" class="text-danger text-center">
@@ -19,15 +19,15 @@
             </p>
             <div class="text-center mb-4">
               <p class="text-muted">
-                We've sent a verification code to your email
+                {{ $t("auth.twoFactor.verifyEmail.descriptionLine1") }}
                 <br />
-                Please enter the code below to complete your login.
+                {{ $t("auth.twoFactor.verifyEmail.descriptionLine2") }}
               </p>
             </div>
 
             <div class="form-group row my-2">
               <label class="col-md-4 col-form-label text-md-right" for="otp"
-                >Verification Code</label
+                >{{ $t("auth.twoFactor.verifyEmail.verificationCode") }}</label
               >
               <div class="col-md-6">
                 <input
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
                   autocomplete="one-time-code"
                   autofocus
                   class="form-control text-center otp-input"
-                  placeholder="Enter 6-digit code"
+                  :placeholder="$t('auth.twoFactor.verifyEmail.codePlaceholder')"
                   required
                   type="text"
                   maxlength="6"
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@
                   class="feedback-invalid"
                   :class="{ invalid: validity['otp'] && !validOTP }"
                 >
-                  Please provide a valid 6-digit code.
+                  {{ $t("auth.twoFactor.verifyEmail.invalidCode") }}
                 </div>
               </div>
             </div>
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@
                 class="btn btn-primary btn-block"
                 type="submit"
                 :loading="isSubmitting"
-                :text="isSubmitting ? 'Verifying...' : 'Verify'"
+                :text="isSubmitting ? $t('auth.twoFactor.verifyEmail.verifying') : $t('auth.twoFactor.verifyEmail.verify')"
               />
               <BasicButton
                 class="btn btn-link"
@@ -68,16 +68,15 @@
               />
               <BasicButton
                 class="btn btn-link"
-                text="Cancel"
+                :title="$t('common.cancel')"
                 @click="cancelVerification"
               />
             </div>
 
             <div class="text-center text-muted small">
-              <p>The code will expire in 10 minutes.</p>
+              <p>{{ $t("auth.twoFactor.verifyEmail.expirationHint") }}</p>
               <p>
-                Didn't receive the code? Check your spam folder or click "Resend
-                Code".
+                {{ $t("auth.twoFactor.verifyEmail.resendHint") }}
               </p>
             </div>
           </div>
@@ -128,12 +127,12 @@ export default {
     },
     resendButtonText() {
       if (this.isResending) {
-        return "Sending...";
+        return this.$t("auth.twoFactor.verifyEmail.sending");
       }
       if (this.resendCooldown > 0) {
-        return `Resend code in(${this.resendCooldown}s)`;
+        return this.$t("auth.twoFactor.verifyEmail.resendCodeIn", { seconds: this.resendCooldown });
       }
-      return "Resend Code";
+      return this.$t("auth.twoFactor.verifyEmail.resendCode");
     },
   },
   beforeMount() {
@@ -198,7 +197,7 @@ export default {
         this.showError = true;
         this.errorMessage =
           error.response?.data?.message ||
-          "Failed to load verification status. Please login again.";
+          this.$t("auth.twoFactor.verifyEmail.errors.loadStatusFailed");
       }
     },
     async checkForm() {
@@ -228,7 +227,7 @@ export default {
 
         if (response.status === 200) {
           this.showSuccess = true;
-          this.successMessage = "Verification successful! Redirecting...";
+          this.successMessage = this.$t("auth.twoFactor.verifyEmail.success.verificationSuccessful");
 
           // Redirect to dashboard
           setTimeout(() => {
@@ -238,13 +237,13 @@ export default {
           this.showError = true;
           this.errorMessage =
             response.data.message ||
-            "Invalid verification code. Please try again.";
+            this.$t("auth.twoFactor.verifyEmail.errors.invalidCode");
         }
       } catch (error) {
         this.showError = true;
         this.errorMessage =
           error.response?.data?.message ||
-          "Failed to verify code. Please try again.";
+          this.$t("auth.twoFactor.verifyEmail.errors.verifyFailed");
       } finally {
         this.isSubmitting = false;
       }
@@ -273,22 +272,22 @@ export default {
         if (response.status === 200) {
           this.showSuccess = true;
           this.successMessage =
-            "A new verification code has been sent to your Email";
+            this.$t("auth.twoFactor.verifyEmail.success.codeSent");
 
           this.applyCooldownFromResponse(response.data);
         } else if (response.status === 429) {
           this.showError = true;
           this.errorMessage =
-            response.data.message || "Please wait before requesting another code.";
+            response.data.message || this.$t("auth.twoFactor.verifyEmail.errors.waitBeforeResend");
           this.applyCooldownFromResponse(response.data);
         } else {
           this.showError = true;
           this.errorMessage =
-            response.data.message || "Failed to resend code. Please try again.";
+            response.data.message || this.$t("auth.twoFactor.verifyEmail.errors.resendFailed");
         }
       } catch (_error) {
         this.showError = true;
-        this.errorMessage = "Failed to resend code. Please try again.";
+        this.errorMessage = this.$t("auth.twoFactor.verifyEmail.errors.resendFailed");
       } finally {
         this.isResending = false;
       }
diff --git a/frontend/src/auth/TwoFactorVerifyTotp.vue b/frontend/src/auth/TwoFactorVerifyTotp.vue
index e9b1d26cf..505dc2038 100644
--- a/frontend/src/auth/TwoFactorVerifyTotp.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/auth/TwoFactorVerifyTotp.vue
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
         </div>
 
         <div class="card">
-          <div class="card-header">Two-Factor Authentication</div>
+          <div class="card-header">{{ $t("auth.twoFactor.verifyTotp.title") }}</div>
 
           <div class="card-body mx-4 my-4">
             <p v-if="showError" class="text-danger text-center">
@@ -20,10 +20,10 @@
 
             <div class="text-center mb-4">
               <p class="text-muted mb-1">
-                Open your authenticator app and enter the 6-digit code
+                {{ $t("auth.twoFactor.verifyTotp.descriptionLine1") }}
               </p>
               <p class="text-muted small mb-0">
-                This is the second step to verify your identity.
+                {{ $t("auth.twoFactor.verifyTotp.descriptionLine2") }}
               </p>
             </div>
 
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
               <label
                 class="col-md-4 col-form-label text-md-right"
                 for="totpCode"
-                >Authenticator Code</label
+                >{{ $t("auth.twoFactor.verifyTotp.authenticatorCode") }}</label
               >
               <div class="col-md-6">
                 <input
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@
                   autocomplete="one-time-code"
                   autofocus
                   class="form-control text-center otp-input"
-                  placeholder="Enter 6-digit code"
+                  :placeholder="$t('auth.twoFactor.verifyTotp.codePlaceholder')"
                   required
                   type="text"
                   maxlength="6"
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@
                   class="feedback-invalid"
                   :class="{ invalid: validity['token'] && !validToken }"
                 >
-                  Please provide a valid 6-digit code.
+                  {{ $t("auth.twoFactor.verifyTotp.invalidCode") }}
                 </div>
               </div>
             </div>
@@ -62,19 +62,19 @@
                 class="btn btn-primary btn-block"
                 type="submit"
                 :loading="isSubmitting"
-                :text="isSubmitting ? 'Verifying...' : 'Verify'"
+                :text="isSubmitting ? $t('auth.twoFactor.verifyTotp.verifying') : $t('auth.twoFactor.verifyTotp.verify')"
               />
               <BasicButton
                 class="btn btn-link"
-                text="Cancel"
+                :title="$t('common.cancel')"
                 @click="cancelVerification"
               />
             </div>
 
             <div class="text-center text-muted small">
-              <p class="mb-0">Codes refresh every 30 seconds.</p>
+              <p class="mb-0">{{ $t("auth.twoFactor.verifyTotp.refreshHint") }}</p>
               <p class="mb-0">
-                Make sure your device time is correct if codes are not accepted.
+                {{ $t("auth.twoFactor.verifyTotp.timeHint") }}
               </p>
             </div>
           </div>
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ export default {
 
         if (response.status === 200) {
           this.showSuccess = true;
-          this.successMessage = "Verification successful! Redirecting...";
+          this.successMessage = this.$t("auth.twoFactor.verifyTotp.success.verificationSuccessful");
 
           setTimeout(() => {
             this.$router.push(this.$route.query.redirectedFrom || "/dashboard");
@@ -167,13 +167,13 @@ export default {
           this.showError = true;
           this.errorMessage =
             response.data.message ||
-            "Invalid verification code. Please try again.";
+            this.$t("auth.twoFactor.verifyTotp.errors.invalidCode");
         }
       } catch (error) {
         this.showError = true;
         this.errorMessage =
           error.response?.data?.message ||
-          "Failed to verify code. Please try again.";
+          this.$t("auth.twoFactor.verifyTotp.errors.verifyFailed");
       } finally {
         this.isSubmitting = false;
       }
diff --git a/frontend/src/basic/Form.vue b/frontend/src/basic/Form.vue
index 4f93479e0..4442ef1fc 100644
--- a/frontend/src/basic/Form.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/basic/Form.vue
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
         class="col-12"
       >
         <Collapsible
-          title="Advanced Settings"
+          :title="$t('basic.form.advancedSettings')"
           :collapsed="true"
         >
           <div class="row g-3">
@@ -138,4 +138,4 @@ export default {
 };
 </script>
 
-<style scoped></style>
+<style scoped></style>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/frontend/src/basic/LanguageSwitcher.vue b/frontend/src/basic/LanguageSwitcher.vue
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..68bbbe038
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/src/basic/LanguageSwitcher.vue
@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+<template>
+    <div :class="['language-switcher', { 'language-switcher--standalone': standalone }]">
+        <div class="btn-group" role="group">
+            <button type="button" class="btn btn-sm btn-outline-primary dropdown-toggle language-toggle"
+                :disabled="disabled" data-bs-toggle="dropdown" aria-expanded="false" :title="$t('common.language')">
+                <span class="language-flag">
+                    <img v-if="currentLanguage?.flagImage" :src="currentLanguage.flagImage" :alt="currentLanguage.code"
+                        class="flag-image" />
+                    <span v-else>{{ currentLanguage?.flag || '🌐' }}</span>
+                </span>
+                <span class="language-name">{{ currentLanguageName }}</span>
+            </button>
+            <ul class="dropdown-menu language-menu">
+                <li v-for="lang in sortedLanguages" :key="lang.code">
+                    <a class="dropdown-item d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between" href="#"
+                        @click.prevent="setLanguage(lang.code)" :class="{ active: $i18n.locale === lang.code }">
+                        <span class="d-flex align-items-center gap-2">
+                            <span class="language-flag">
+                                <img v-if="lang.flagImage" :src="lang.flagImage" :alt="lang.code" class="flag-image" />
+                                <span v-else>{{ lang.flag || '🌐' }}</span>
+                            </span>
+                            <span>{{ lang.name }}</span>
+                        </span>
+                        <span v-if="$i18n.locale === lang.code">✓</span>
+                    </a>
+                </li>
+            </ul>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+</template>
+
+<script>
+import { normalizeLocale, setStoredLocale, SUPPORTED_LOCALES } from "@/assets/locale.js";
+
+export default {
+    name: "LanguageSwitcher",
+    props: {
+        standalone: {
+            type: Boolean,
+            required: false,
+            default: false,
+        },
+        /** When false, only updates $i18n (preview); parent persists to localStorage on confirm. */
+        persist: {
+            type: Boolean,
+            default: true,
+        },
+        disabled: {
+            type: Boolean,
+            default: false,
+        },
+    },
+    data() {
+        return {
+            languages: SUPPORTED_LOCALES,
+        };
+    },
+    computed: {
+        currentLanguage() {
+            return (
+                this.languages.find((lang) => lang.code === this.$i18n.locale) || null
+            );
+        },
+        sortedLanguages() {
+            return [...this.languages].sort((a, b) =>
+                a.name.localeCompare(b.name)
+            );
+        },
+        currentLanguageName() {
+            return this.currentLanguage
+                ? this.currentLanguage.name
+                : this.$t('common.language');
+        },
+    },
+    methods: {
+        setLanguage(locale) {
+            if (this.disabled) {
+                return;
+            }
+            const normalized = normalizeLocale(locale);
+            if (!normalized) {
+                return;
+            }
+            this.$i18n.locale = normalized;
+            if (this.persist) {
+                setStoredLocale(normalized);
+            }
+        },
+    },
+};
+</script>
+
+<style scoped>
+.language-switcher {
+    display: flex;
+    align-items: center;
+    height: 36px;
+    margin-right: 0.5rem;
+}
+
+.language-switcher--standalone {
+    position: fixed;
+    top: 0.55rem;
+    left: 1rem;
+    z-index: 1031;
+    margin-right: 0;
+}
+
+.language-toggle {
+    display: inline-flex;
+    align-items: center;
+    gap: 6px;
+    font-weight: 600;
+    min-width: 116px;
+    justify-content: center;
+}
+
+.language-menu {
+    min-width: 170px;
+}
+
+.language-name {
+    line-height: 1;
+}
+
+.language-flag {
+    display: inline-flex;
+    align-items: center;
+    justify-content: center;
+    width: 1.2em;
+    height: 1.2em;
+}
+
+.flag-image {
+    width: 100%;
+    height: 100%;
+    object-fit: contain;
+}
+</style>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/frontend/src/basic/Loading.vue b/frontend/src/basic/Loading.vue
index 28ab8e16b..35feb2785 100644
--- a/frontend/src/basic/Loading.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/basic/Loading.vue
@@ -10,11 +10,11 @@
           role="status"
           :style="'width:' + size + 'rem;height:'+ size + 'rem;'"
       >
-        <span class="visually-hidden">{{ text }}</span>
+        <span class="visually-hidden">{{ displayText }}</span>
       </div>
     </div>
     <div class="row">
-      <strong :class="textClass" :style="'font-size:' + size / 2 + 'rem;'">{{ text }}</strong>
+      <strong :class="textClass" :style="'font-size:' + size / 2 + 'rem;'">{{ displayText }}</strong>
     </div>
   </div>
 </template>
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ export default {
     'text': {
       type: String,
       required: false,
-      default: "Loading..."
+      default: null
     },
     'textClass': {
       type: String,
@@ -56,6 +56,11 @@ export default {
       default: 3,
     }
   },
+  computed: {
+    displayText() {
+      return this.text ? this.text : this.$t('common.loading');
+    }
+  }
 }
 </script>
 
diff --git a/frontend/src/basic/Modal.vue b/frontend/src/basic/Modal.vue
index aa8fb2633..fb8ec0545 100644
--- a/frontend/src/basic/Modal.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/basic/Modal.vue
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
             </h5>
             <button
                 v-if="!removeClose"
-                aria-label="Close"
+                :aria-label="$t('modals.closeModal')"
                 class="btn-close"
                 type="button"
                 @click="handleCloseClick"
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@
                 role="status"
             >
               <div class="spinner-border m-5">
-                <span class="visually-hidden">Loading...</span>
+                <span class="visually-hidden">{{ $t('modals.loading') }}</span>
               </div>
             </div>
             <div
diff --git a/frontend/src/basic/Sidebar.vue b/frontend/src/basic/Sidebar.vue
index d6a537faf..547d126ae 100644
--- a/frontend/src/basic/Sidebar.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/basic/Sidebar.vue
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
                 }"
                   :aria-current="resolvedActiveSlot === slotName ? 'page' : null"
                   :title="config.title || ''"
-                  :aria-label="config.title || 'Sidebar section'"
+                  :aria-label="config.title || $t('navigation.sidebar.sidebarSection')"
                   :tabindex="isSingleConfig ? '-1' : '0'"
                   :aria-disabled="isSingleConfig ? 'true' : 'false'"
                   :disabled="isSingleConfig"
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@
                     class="btn btn-sm sidebar-action-button dropdown-toggle"
                     data-bs-toggle="dropdown"
                     aria-expanded="false"
-                    title="More actions"
+                    :title="$t('navigation.sidebar.moreActions')"
                 >
                   <LoadIcon
                       icon-name="three-dots-vertical"
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@
       <li v-if="isShown" class="nav-item">
         <TopBarButton
             :show="isShown"
-            :title="isSidebarVisible ? 'Hide sidebar' : 'Show sidebar'"
+            :title="isSidebarVisible ? $t('navigation.sidebar.hideSidebar') : $t('navigation.sidebar.showSidebar')"
             class="btn rounded-circle"
             :class="{ 'sidebar-highlight': sidebarIconHighlight }"
             @click="toggleSidebar"
diff --git a/frontend/src/basic/Table.vue b/frontend/src/basic/Table.vue
index 267090a48..ac4670881 100644
--- a/frontend/src/basic/Table.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/basic/Table.vue
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
       v-model="search"
       type="text"
       class="form-control"
-      placeholder="Type to filter table..."
+      :placeholder="$t('common.typeToFilter')"
       aria-label="table-search"
       aria-describedby="search-addon1"
     />
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@
             {{ c.name }}
             <span
               v-if="c.sortable"
-              title="Sort By"
+              :title="$t('common.sortBy')"
             >
               <LoadIcon
                 v-if="c.sortable"
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@
             :class="getManageColumnClass()"
             :style="manageColumnStyle"
           >
-            Manage
+            {{ $t('common.manage') }}
           </th>
         </tr>
       </thead>
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@
             :colspan="columns.length"
             class="text-center"
           >
-            Loading data from server...
+            {{ $t('common.loadingFromServer') }}
           </td>
         </tr>
         <tr v-else-if="!data || data.length === 0">
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@
             :colspan="emptyColspan"
             class="text-center"
           >
-            No data
+            {{ $t('common.noData') }}
           </td>
         </tr>
         <tr
@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@
                 @action="actionEmitter"
               />
               <span v-else-if="c.type === 'datetime'">
-                {{ new Date(r[c.key]).toLocaleString() }}
+                {{ formatLocalizedDateTime(r[c.key]) }}
               </span>
 
               <span v-else-if="c.type === 'icon-selector'">
@@ -288,7 +288,7 @@
     v-if="selectableRows && !(options && options.singleSelect)"
     class="text-end text-muted small mb-2"
   >
-    {{ selectedCount }} of {{ totalSelectableCount }} selected
+    {{ $t('common.selectedCount', { selected: selectedCount, total: totalSelectableCount }) }}
   </div>
   <Pagination
     v-if="options && options.pagination && total > 0"
@@ -314,6 +314,7 @@ import Pagination from "./table/Pagination.vue";
 import LoadIcon from "@/basic/Icon.vue";
 import BasicIcon from "@/basic/Icon.vue";
 import { tooltip } from "@/assets/tooltip.js";
+import { formatLocalizedDateTime } from "@/assets/utils";
 import deepEqual from "deep-equal";
 
 /**
@@ -661,6 +662,7 @@ export default {
     this.cleanupAllObserver();
   },
   methods: {
+    formatLocalizedDateTime,
     setupFixedColumns() {
       this.$nextTick(() => {
         this.computeFixedColumnStyles();
@@ -1199,4 +1201,4 @@ export default {
   z-index: 20;
 }
 
-</style>
+</style>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/frontend/src/basic/Toast.vue b/frontend/src/basic/Toast.vue
index 4d126d5c1..59f5b094f 100644
--- a/frontend/src/basic/Toast.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/basic/Toast.vue
@@ -52,11 +52,24 @@ export default {
     })
   },
   methods: {
+    resolveText(value, params = {}) {
+      if (typeof value !== "string") {
+        return value || "";
+      }
+      return this.$te(value) ? this.$t(value, params) : value;
+    },
     makeToast(data) {
+      const title = data.titleKey !== undefined
+        ? this.resolveText(data.titleKey, data.titleParams || {})
+        : this.resolveText(data.title, data.titleParams || {});
+      const body = data.key !== undefined
+        ? this.resolveText(data.key, data.params || {})
+        : this.resolveText(data.message, data.params || {});
+
       this.toaster.show(
           {
-            title: (data.title !== undefined) ? data.title : "",
-            body: data.message,
+            title,
+            body,
 
           },
           {
diff --git a/frontend/src/basic/dashboard/Coordinator.vue b/frontend/src/basic/dashboard/Coordinator.vue
index 0f3e9d0d2..2ac362d24 100644
--- a/frontend/src/basic/dashboard/Coordinator.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/basic/dashboard/Coordinator.vue
@@ -8,16 +8,15 @@
   >
     <template #title>
       <slot name="title">
-        <span v-if="data.id">Edit</span>
-        <span v-else>New</span>
-        {{ title }}
+        <span v-if="data.id">{{ $t('common.editItem', { item: title }) }}</span>
+        <span v-else>{{ $t('common.newItem', { item: title }) }}</span>
       </slot>
     </template>
     <template #body>
       <span v-if="success">
         <slot name="success">
-          <span v-if="data.id"> The entry is successfully updated!</span>
-          <span v-else>The entry is successfully added!</span>
+          <span v-if="data.id"> {{$t('coordinator.entryUpdated')}}</span>
+          <span v-else>{{$t('coordinator.entryAdded')}}</span>
         </slot>
       </span>
       <span v-else>
@@ -40,7 +39,7 @@
             class="btn btn-secondary"
             @click="$refs.coordinatorModal.close()"
           >
-            Close
+          {{$t('common.close')}}
           </button>
         </slot>
       </span>
@@ -55,14 +54,14 @@
             type="button"
             @click="$refs.coordinatorModal.close()"
           >
-            {{ textCancel }}
+            {{ textCancel  || $t('common.cancel')}}
           </button>
           <button
             class="btn btn-primary me-2"
             type="button"
             @click="submit"
           >
-            {{ data.id ? textUpdate : textAdd }}
+            {{ data.id ? (textUpdate || $t('common.update')) : (textAdd || $t('common.add')) }}
           </button>
         </slot>
       </span>
@@ -73,7 +72,7 @@
 <script>
 import BasicModal from "@/basic/Modal.vue";
 import BasicForm from "@/basic/Form.vue";
-import { sorter } from "@/assets/utils.js";
+import { resolveApiMessage, sorter } from "@/assets/utils.js";
 
 /**
  * Basic Coordinator to add or edit database entries
@@ -101,17 +100,18 @@ export default {
       type: String,
       required: true,
     },
+    // Empty defaults: footer uses `textX || $t(...)`; a literal default is always truthy and skips i18n.
     textAdd: {
       type: String,
-      default: "Add",
+      default: "",
     },
     textUpdate: {
       type: String,
-      default: "Update",
+      default: "",
     },
     textCancel: {
       type: String,
-      default: "Cancel",
+      default: "",
     },
     table: {
       type: String,
@@ -196,8 +196,8 @@ export default {
         this.$refs.coordinatorModal.open();
       } else {
         this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-          title: "Error",
-          message: "The table " + this.table + " has no defined fields!",
+          title: this.$t('common.error'),
+          message: this.$t('coordinator.errors.noFieldsDefined', { table: this.table }),
           variant: "danger",
         });
       }
@@ -214,13 +214,15 @@ export default {
       
       if (!isValidated) return;
       if (hasIncompleteConfig) {
-        const stepMessage = incompleteSteps.length === 1 
-          ? `step ${incompleteSteps[0]}`
-          : `steps ${incompleteSteps.slice(0, -1).join(", ")} and ${incompleteSteps[incompleteSteps.length - 1]}`;
-        
+        const stepMessage = incompleteSteps.length === 1
+          ? this.$t('coordinator.errors.stepSingle', { n: incompleteSteps[0] })
+          : this.$t('coordinator.errors.stepMultiple', {
+              list: incompleteSteps.slice(0, -1).join(", "),
+              last: incompleteSteps[incompleteSteps.length - 1]
+            });
         this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-          title: "Incomplete Configuration",
-          message: `You have incomplete configuration at ${stepMessage}`,
+          title: this.$t('coordinator.errors.incompleteConfig'),
+          message: this.$t('coordinator.errors.incompleteConfigDetail', { steps: stepMessage }),
           variant: "danger",
         });
         return;
@@ -247,8 +249,8 @@ export default {
           } else {
             this.$refs.coordinatorModal.waiting = false;
             this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-              title: "Could not save",
-              message: result.message,
+              title: this.$t('coordinator.errors.saveFailed'),
+              message: resolveApiMessage(result),
               variant: "danger",
             });
           }
@@ -347,4 +349,4 @@ export default {
 };
 </script>
 
-<style scoped></style>
+<style scoped></style>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/frontend/src/basic/download/DownloadSet.vue b/frontend/src/basic/download/DownloadSet.vue
index d2019aae0..96f88e0b2 100644
--- a/frontend/src/basic/download/DownloadSet.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/basic/download/DownloadSet.vue
@@ -89,8 +89,8 @@ export default {
 
       //notify user
        this.eventBus.emit('toast', {
-          title: "Download aborted",
-          message: "The server did not respond. Please try again later.",
+          title: this.$t('errors.download.abortedTitle'),
+          message: this.$t('errors.download.serverTimeout'),
           variant: "danger"
         });
     },
@@ -99,8 +99,8 @@ export default {
       if(this.toDownload.length !== this.downloaded.length){
         this.eventBus.emit('toast',
           {
-            title: "Warning",
-            message: "Another download is in progress. Please wait.",
+            title: this.$t('common.warning'),
+            message: this.$t('errors.download.inProgress'),
             variant: "warning",
             delay: 3000});
         return;
diff --git a/frontend/src/basic/download/DownloadSingle.vue b/frontend/src/basic/download/DownloadSingle.vue
index 4f993eb15..1a1c3d8a9 100644
--- a/frontend/src/basic/download/DownloadSingle.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/basic/download/DownloadSingle.vue
@@ -68,15 +68,18 @@ export default {
 
       //notify user
        this.eventBus.emit('toast', {
-          title: "Export aborted",
-          message: "The server did not respond. Please try again later.",
+          title: this.$t('errors.download.exportAbortedTitle'),
+          message: this.$t('errors.download.serverTimeout'),
           variant: "danger"
         });
     },
     requestDownload(params) {
       // do not allow second downlaod while one is in progress
       if(this.waiting){
-        this.eventBus.emit('toast', {message: "Another download is in progress. Please wait.", variant: "warning", delay: 3000});
+        this.eventBus.emit('toast', {
+          message: this.$t('errors.download.inProgress'), 
+          variant: "warning", 
+          delay: 3000});
         return;
       }
 
diff --git a/frontend/src/basic/download/ExportSingle.vue b/frontend/src/basic/download/ExportSingle.vue
index c6a4dcbe8..b72f01f67 100644
--- a/frontend/src/basic/download/ExportSingle.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/basic/download/ExportSingle.vue
@@ -60,8 +60,8 @@ export default {
     exportDownloaded(downloadedObj) {
       if (!downloadedObj.success){
         this.eventBus.emit('toast', {
-          title: "Export Failed",
-          message: "Export failed for " + downloadedObj.id + ".",
+          title: this.$t('errors.download.exportFailedTitle'),
+          message: this.$t('errors.download.exportFailedMessage', { id: downloadedObj.id }),
           variant: "danger"
         });
         return;
@@ -72,8 +72,8 @@ export default {
       downloadObjectsAs(toExport, `${this.name}`, this.outputType);
 
       this.eventBus.emit('toast', {
-          title: "Export Success",
-          message: `Exported ${downloadedObj.id}`,
+          title: this.$t('basic.export.successTitle'),
+          message: this.$t('basic.export.successMessage', { id: downloadedObj.id }),
           variant: "success"
         });
     },
diff --git a/frontend/src/basic/editor/CommandEditor.vue b/frontend/src/basic/editor/CommandEditor.vue
index 4621bec40..714289e3f 100644
--- a/frontend/src/basic/editor/CommandEditor.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/basic/editor/CommandEditor.vue
@@ -18,14 +18,14 @@
         <li>
           <a
             class="dropdown-item"
-            title="Send a request"
+            :title="$t('editor.reqTitle')"
             @click="configEditor.action = 'REQ'"
           >REQ</a>
         </li>
         <li>
           <a
             class="dropdown-item"
-            title="Send a command"
+            :title="$t('editor.cmdTitle')"
             @click="configEditor.action = 'CMD'"
           >CMD</a>
         </li>
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
         aria-expanded="false"
         :disabled="!configEditor.allowCommandChange"
         :value="configEditor.command"
-        title="the command to send"
+        :title="$t('editor.cmdToSend')"
       >
       <ul
         v-if="configEditor.action === 'CMD' && configEditor.allowCommandChange"
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@
         aria-expanded="false"
         :disabled="!configEditor.allowServiceChange"
         :value="service"
-        title="the service to contact"
+        :title="$t('editor.serviceToContact')"
       >
       <ul
         v-if="configEditor.allowServiceChange"
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@
       <button
         class="btn btn-primary"
         type="button"
-        :title="sending ? 'Waiting for response' : 'Send'"
+        :title="sending ? $t('editor.waitingForResponse') : $t('common.send')"
         :disabled="sending"
         @click="send"
       >
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@
       </button>
     </div>
     <div class="border-start border-end border-bottom px-2">
-      <span class="text-secondary fst-italic">Payload</span>
+      <span class="text-secondary fst-italic">{{ $t('editor.payload') }}</span>
       <JsonEditor
         v-model:content="payload"
         start-edit-mode
@@ -125,13 +125,13 @@
         class="text-center text-secondary fst-italic"
       >
         <span>
-          No messages sent/received
+          {{ $t('editor.emptyMsgHistory') }}
         </span>
       </div>
       <div
         v-if="history.length > 0 && history.length > configEditor.defaultShowCount"
         class="w-100 text-center bg-light"
-        :title="`${showHistory ? 'Hide' : 'Show'} more`"
+        :title="showHistory ? $t('common.hideMore') : $t('common.showMore')"
         @click="showHistory=!showHistory"
       >
         <LoadIcon
@@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ export default {
       setTimeout(() => {
             if (this.sending) {
               this.eventBus.emit('toast', {
-                message: "Received no message from server within 5s.",
+                message: this.$t('errors.nlp.msgNotReceived'),
                 variant: "warning",
                 delay: 3000
               });
diff --git a/frontend/src/basic/editor/CommandMessage.vue b/frontend/src/basic/editor/CommandMessage.vue
index 412891a22..383b0e83f 100644
--- a/frontend/src/basic/editor/CommandMessage.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/basic/editor/CommandMessage.vue
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
         <LoadIcon :class="'text-' + (incoming ? 'success' : 'danger')" :icon-name="incoming ? 'arrow-down' : 'arrow-up'" />
       </div>
       <div class="col-2 ms-1">
-        <span>{{(new Date(timeString)).toLocaleTimeString()}}</span>
+        <span>{{ formatLocalizedTime(timeString) }}</span>
       </div>
       <div class="col-3">
         <div v-if="type" class="badge bg-secondary">
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
         {{service}}
       </div>
       <div class="col-1">
-        <button class="btn text-secondary" title="See payload" :disabled="!data || !data.data || Object.entries(data.data).length === 0" @click="showPayload = !showPayload">
+        <button class="btn text-secondary" :title="$t('editor.seePayload')" :disabled="!data || !data.data || Object.entries(data.data).length === 0" @click="showPayload = !showPayload">
           <LoadIcon icon-name="envelope" />
         </button>
       </div>
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
 <script>
 import LoadIcon from "@/basic/Icon.vue";
 import JsonEditor from "@/basic/editor/JsonEditor.vue";
+import { formatLocalizedTime } from "@/assets/utils";
 
 export default {
   name: "MessageItem",
@@ -64,11 +65,14 @@ export default {
         if(this.data.type){
           return this.data.type
         } else {
-          return this.data.command ? this.data.command : "request"
+          return this.data.command ? this.data.command : this.$t('editor.request')
         }
       }
       return null;
     }
+  },
+  methods: {
+    formatLocalizedTime,
   }
 }
 </script>
diff --git a/frontend/src/basic/editor/JsonEditor.vue b/frontend/src/basic/editor/JsonEditor.vue
index f1f70b667..c97c8fa63 100644
--- a/frontend/src/basic/editor/JsonEditor.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/basic/editor/JsonEditor.vue
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
         <button
             v-show="!editMode"
             class="btn"
-            title="Copy"
+            :title="$t('common.copy')"
             @click="(e) => {e.stopPropagation(); copy()}"
         >
           <LoadIcon
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
         <button
             v-show="!editMode && !readOnly"
             class="btn"
-            title="Edit"
+            :title="$t('common.edit')"
             @click="(e) => {e.stopPropagation(); toEditMode(true)}"
         >
           <LoadIcon
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
         <button
             v-show="editMode && !readOnly"
             class="btn"
-            title="Edit"
+            :title="$t('common.edit')"
             @click="(e) => {e.stopPropagation(); toEditMode(false)}"
         >
           <LoadIcon
@@ -54,9 +54,9 @@
           v-model="contentText"
           :rows="contentText.split('\n').length"
           class="code form-check-input w-100 h-100"
-          title="Edit JSON"
+          :title="$t('editor.editJson')"
           type="text"
-        > </textarea>
+        ></textarea>
       </form>
     </div>
   </blockquote>
@@ -198,21 +198,21 @@ export default {
         try {
           await navigator.clipboard.writeText(JSON.stringify(this.content, null, 2));
           this.eventBus.emit('toast', {
-            title: "Json copied",
-            message: "Json copied to clipboard!",
+            title: this.$t('editor.copyJsonSuccess.title'),
+            message: this.$t('editor.copyJsonSuccess.message'),
             variant: "success"
           });
         } catch (_error) {
           this.eventBus.emit('toast', {
-            title: "Json not copied",
-            message: "Could not copy json to clipboard!",
+            title: this.$t('errors.file.copyJsonError.title'),
+            message: this.$t('errors.file.copyJsonError.notCopiedMsg'),
             variant: "danger"
           });
         }
       } else {
         this.eventBus.emit('toast', {
-          title: "Json not copied",
-          message: "Json not loaded or empty, cannot copy.",
+          title: this.$t('errors.file.copyJsonError.title'),
+          message: this.$t('errors.file.copyJsonError.notLoadedMsg'),
           variant: "danger"
         });
       }
diff --git a/frontend/src/basic/editor/Modal.vue b/frontend/src/basic/editor/Modal.vue
index 13df66260..8076f23f1 100644
--- a/frontend/src/basic/editor/Modal.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/basic/editor/Modal.vue
@@ -10,7 +10,9 @@
       <button
         class="btn btn-secondary"
         type="button"
-        @click="$refs.editorModal.close()">Close
+        @click="$refs.editorModal.close()"
+      >
+        {{ $t('common.close') }}
       </button>
     </template>
   </Modal>
diff --git a/frontend/src/basic/form/Collapsible.vue b/frontend/src/basic/form/Collapsible.vue
index 5e781392f..0145b4594 100644
--- a/frontend/src/basic/form/Collapsible.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/basic/form/Collapsible.vue
@@ -2,9 +2,9 @@
   <div class="card my-3">
     <div class="card-header collapsible-header" style="cursor: pointer" @click="toggleCollapse">
       <LoadIcon :icon-name="isCollapsed ? 'arrow-right-short' : 'arrow-down-short'" class="me-1"></LoadIcon>
-      <span class="collapsible-title">{{ title }}</span>
+      <span class="collapsible-title">{{ title || $t("basic.form.advancedSettings") }}</span>
       <span v-if="description" class="text-secondary ms-2 collapsible-description">
-        {{ description }}
+        <small>{{ description }}</small>
       </span>
     </div>
     <div v-if="!isCollapsed" class="card-body">
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ export default {
   props: {
     title: {
       type: String,
-      default: "Advanced Settings"
+      default: null
     },
     description: {
       type: String,
diff --git a/frontend/src/basic/form/DataTable.vue b/frontend/src/basic/form/DataTable.vue
index d8a3ca3c7..290869ad8 100644
--- a/frontend/src/basic/form/DataTable.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/basic/form/DataTable.vue
@@ -5,10 +5,10 @@
         <thead>
         <tr>
           <th v-for="f in fields" :key="f.name" scope="col">
-            {{ f.label }}
+            {{ $te(f.label) ? $t(f.label) : f.label }}
           </th>
           <th scope="col">
-            Actions
+            {{ $t('common.actions') }}
           </th>
         </tr>
         </thead>
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@
               type="button"
               @click="add()"
             >
-              Add
+              {{ $t('common.add') }}
             </button>
           </td>
         </tr>
diff --git a/frontend/src/basic/form/DatetimePicker.vue b/frontend/src/basic/form/DatetimePicker.vue
index e462101ec..678d61a73 100644
--- a/frontend/src/basic/form/DatetimePicker.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/basic/form/DatetimePicker.vue
@@ -6,12 +6,14 @@
           v-model="date"
           class="form-control"
           type="date"
+          :lang="localeCode"
           @blur="blur(currentDate)"
       >
       <input
           v-model="time"
           class="form-control"
           type="time"
+          :lang="localeCode"
           @blur="blur(currentDate)"
       >
       <button
@@ -19,7 +21,7 @@
           type="button"
           @click="date = null"
       >
-        Reset
+        {{ $t('common.reset') }}
       </button>
     </template>
   </FormElement>
@@ -81,6 +83,12 @@ export default {
       }
     }
   },
+  computed: {
+    localeCode() {
+      const locale = this.$i18n?.locale;
+      return typeof locale === "string" ? locale : locale?.value;
+    }
+  },
   mounted() {
     if (this.modelValue && this.modelValue !== undefined) {
       this.currentDate = new Date(this.modelValue);
diff --git a/frontend/src/basic/form/Default.vue b/frontend/src/basic/form/Default.vue
index 5a5f94f59..6a924fa2e 100644
--- a/frontend/src/basic/form/Default.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/basic/form/Default.vue
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
         :maxlength="options.maxLength"
         :min="options.min"
         :name="options.key"
-        :placeholder="options.placeholder"
+        :placeholder="translatedPlaceholder"
         :required="options.required"
         :type="options.type"
         class="form-control"
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@
 
 <script>
 import FormElement from "@/basic/form/Element.vue";
+import { translateMaybeKey } from "@/assets/utils";
 
 export default {
   name: "FormDefault",
@@ -64,6 +65,11 @@ export default {
       currentData: "",
     };
   },
+  computed: {
+    translatedPlaceholder() {
+      return translateMaybeKey(this.options.placeholder);
+    },
+  },
   watch: {
     currentData() {
       this.$emit("update:modelValue", this.currentData);
diff --git a/frontend/src/basic/form/Element.vue b/frontend/src/basic/form/Element.vue
index 1c9775203..71309c3bb 100644
--- a/frontend/src/basic/form/Element.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/basic/form/Element.vue
@@ -3,11 +3,11 @@
     <div v-if="dataTable">
       <slot :id="options.key" :blur="validate" name="element"/>
       <div v-if="invalidField" class="feedback-invalid">
-        <span v-if="options.invalidText"> {{ options.invalidText }}</span>
-        <span v-else>The input is invalid.</span>
+        <span v-if="options.invalidText"> {{ translateMaybeKey(options.invalidText) }}</span>
+        <span v-else>{{$t('errors.element.invalidInput')}}</span>
       </div>
       <div v-else-if="options.required && emptyField" class="feedback-invalid">
-        This field is required.
+        {{$t('errors.element.fieldRequired')}}
       </div>
     </div>
     <div v-else>
@@ -15,9 +15,9 @@
         v-if="'label' in options"
         :for="options.key"
         class="form-label"
-      >{{ options.label }}</label>
+      >{{ translateMaybeKey(options.label) }}</label>
       <FormHelp
-        :help="options.help"
+        :help="translateMaybeKey(options.help)"
       />
       <div class="input-group">
         <div
@@ -33,11 +33,11 @@
 
       </div>
       <div v-if="invalidField" class="feedback-invalid">
-        <span v-if="options.invalidText"> {{ options.invalidText }}</span>
-        <span v-else>The input is invalid.</span>
+        <span v-if="options.invalidText"> {{ translateMaybeKey(options.invalidText) }}</span>
+        <span v-else>{{$t('errors.element.invalidInput')}}</span>
       </div>
       <div v-else-if="options.required && emptyField" class="feedback-invalid">
-        This field is required.
+        {{$t('errors.element.fieldRequired')}}
       </div>
     </div>
   </fieldset>
@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@
 <script>
 import FormHelp from "@/basic/form/Help.vue"
 import LoadIcon from "@/basic/Icon.vue";
+import { translateMaybeKey } from "@/assets/utils";
 
 /**
  * Basic form element with label and help text
@@ -80,6 +81,7 @@ export default {
     this.eventBus.off('resetFormField', this.resetFieldState)
   },
   methods: {
+    translateMaybeKey,
     validate(data) {
       if (data === true) {
         this.invalidField = false;
diff --git a/frontend/src/basic/form/JsonTextarea.vue b/frontend/src/basic/form/JsonTextarea.vue
index 0a1d46ef5..9ddf8cd5f 100644
--- a/frontend/src/basic/form/JsonTextarea.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/basic/form/JsonTextarea.vue
@@ -7,13 +7,13 @@
         :required="options.required"
         :class="[options.class, { 'is-invalid': parseError }]"
         class="form-control font-monospace"
-        :placeholder="options.placeholder || '{}'"
+        :placeholder="translatedPlaceholder"
         :disabled="(options.readOnly !== undefined || options.disabled !== undefined)"
         :rows="options.rows || (options.large ? 20 : 5)"
         @blur="onBlur(blur)"
       />
       <div v-if="parseError" class="invalid-feedback">
-        Invalid JSON: {{ parseError }}
+        {{ $t('errors.validation.invalidJson', { error: parseError }) }}
       </div>
     </template>
   </FormElement>
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 
 <script>
 import FormElement from "@/basic/form/Element.vue";
+import { translateMaybeKey } from "@/assets/utils";
 
 /**
  * JSON Textarea form component
@@ -49,6 +50,11 @@ export default {
       parseError: null,
     };
   },
+  computed: {
+    translatedPlaceholder() {
+      return translateMaybeKey(this.options.placeholder || "{}");
+    },
+  },
   watch: {
     jsonString() {
       try {
diff --git a/frontend/src/basic/form/MoodleOptions.vue b/frontend/src/basic/form/MoodleOptions.vue
index aeee4e403..b56beaecf 100644
--- a/frontend/src/basic/form/MoodleOptions.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/basic/form/MoodleOptions.vue
@@ -57,12 +57,12 @@ export default defineComponent({
       if (this.withAssignmentId) {
         const assignmentField = {
           key: "assignmentID",
-          label: "Assignment ID:",
+          label: this.$t('moodle.assignmentId'),
           required: true,
           suffix: {
-            text: "Refresh",
+            text: this.$t('moodle.refresh'),
             onClick: this.fetchAssignments,
-            tooltip: "Refresh assignments list",
+            tooltip: this.$t('moodle.refreshTooltip'),
           },
         };
 
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ export default defineComponent({
           // NOTE: This text field should be given a default value, so the parent component can have access to this field.
           // Please refer to commit#2c717d2.
           assignmentField.default = "";
-          assignmentField.placeholder = "assignment-id-placeholder";
+          assignmentField.placeholder = this.$t('moodle.placeholders.assignmentId');
         }
 
         return [...this.basicMoodleOptionsFields, assignmentField];
@@ -91,33 +91,33 @@ export default defineComponent({
       if (this.showMoodleCourseId) {
         optionFields.push({
           key: "courseID",
-          label: "Course ID:",
+          label: this.$t('moodle.courseId'),
           type: "text",
           required: true,
           default: this.moodleCourseId,
-          placeholder: "course-id-placeholder",
+          placeholder: this.$t('moodle.placeholders.courseId'),
         });
       }
 
       if (this.showMoodleAPIKey) {
         optionFields.push({
           key: "apiKey",
-          label: "Moodle API Key:",
+          label: this.$t('moodle.apiKey'),
           type: "text",
           required: true,
           default: this.moodleAPIKey,
-          placeholder: "api-key-placeholder",
+          placeholder: this.$t('moodle.placeholders.apiKey'),
         });
       }
 
       if (this.showMoodleAPIUrl) {
         optionFields.push({
           key: "apiUrl",
-          label: "Moodle URL:",
+          label: this.$t('moodle.apiUrl'),
           type: "text",
           required: true,
           default: this.moodleAPIUrl,
-          placeholder: "https://example.moodle.com",
+          placeholder: this.$t('moodle.placeholders.apiUrl'),
         });
       }
 
diff --git a/frontend/src/basic/form/Password.vue b/frontend/src/basic/form/Password.vue
index 4215a5d29..e7adb319e 100644
--- a/frontend/src/basic/form/Password.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/basic/form/Password.vue
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
         v-model="currentData"
         :class="options.class"
         :name="options.key"
-        :placeholder="options.placeholder"
+        :placeholder="translatedPlaceholder"
         :required="options.required"
         :pattern="options.pattern"
         :type="isPasswordVisible ? 'text' : 'password'"
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@
 <script>
 import FormElement from "@/basic/form/Element.vue";
 import LoadIcon from "@/basic/Icon.vue";
+import { translateMaybeKey } from "@/assets/utils";
 
 export default {
   name: "FormPassword",
@@ -56,6 +57,11 @@ export default {
       isPasswordVisible: false,
     };
   },
+  computed: {
+    translatedPlaceholder() {
+      return translateMaybeKey(this.options.placeholder);
+    },
+  },
   watch: {
     currentData() {
       this.$emit("update:modelValue", this.currentData);
diff --git a/frontend/src/basic/form/Select.vue b/frontend/src/basic/form/Select.vue
index 768443800..35516fbcb 100644
--- a/frontend/src/basic/form/Select.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/basic/form/Select.vue
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
           :value="valueAsObject ? option : option.value"
           :disabled="option.disabled"
         >
-          {{ option.name }}
+          {{ translateMaybeKey(option.name) }}
         </option>
       </select>
       <select
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@
           :key="option.id"
           :value="option[options.options.value]"
         >
-          {{ option[options.options.name] }}
+          {{ translateMaybeKey(option[options.options.name]) }}
         </option>
       </select>
     </template>
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@
 
 <script>
 import FormElement from "@/basic/form/Element.vue";
+import { translateMaybeKey } from "@/assets/utils";
 
 export default {
   name: "FormSelect",
@@ -141,7 +142,7 @@ export default {
       if ((this.options.options?.prependNone || this.options.prependNone) && this.options.options?.table) {
         const valueKey = this.options.options.value || 'id';
         const nameKey = this.options.options.name || 'name';
-        baseOptions = [{ [valueKey]: null, [nameKey]: 'None' }, ...baseOptions];
+        baseOptions = [{ [valueKey]: null, [nameKey]: this.$t('common.none') }, ...baseOptions];
       }
 
       // Filter according to additional Options and add to baseOptions
@@ -171,7 +172,7 @@ export default {
       }
 
       if (this.formData?.isTemplateMode && this.options.options.table === 'document' && this.parentValue?.stepType === 1) {
-        baseOptions = [{ id: null, name: '<Document>' }, ...baseOptions];
+        baseOptions = [{ id: null, name: this.$t('basic.form.placeholders.documentBracket') }, ...baseOptions];
       }
 
       // Add document templates (Type 5) to document dropdown for Editor steps in study creation
@@ -188,9 +189,9 @@ export default {
             const nameKey = this.options.options.name || 'name';
             return {
               [valueKey]: `template:${t.id}`,
-              [nameKey]: `${t.name} (document template)`,
+              [nameKey]: `${t.name} ${this.$t('basic.form.placeholders.documentTemplateSuffix')}`,
               id: `template:${t.id}`,
-              name: `${t.name} (document template)`,
+              name: `${t.name} ${this.$t('basic.form.placeholders.documentTemplateSuffix')}`,
               value: `template:${t.id}`,
               isTemplateOption: true,
               templateId: t.id,
@@ -215,6 +216,7 @@ export default {
     this.updateData();
   },
   methods: {
+    translateMaybeKey,
     updateData() {
       // Preserve explicit null selections (e.g., "New Empty Document") instead of auto-selecting the first option.
       if (this.modelValue === -1) {
@@ -241,4 +243,4 @@ export default {
 };
 </script>
 
-<style scoped></style>
+<style scoped></style>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/frontend/src/basic/form/Slider.vue b/frontend/src/basic/form/Slider.vue
index 4fe4b1665..d2bea75ec 100644
--- a/frontend/src/basic/form/Slider.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/basic/form/Slider.vue
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
       class="flex-grow-1 text-end"
     >
       {{ displayText }}
-      <span v-if="'unit' in options"> {{ options.unit }}</span>
+      <span v-if="'unit' in options"> {{ $te(options.unit) ? $t(options.unit) : options.unit }}</span>
     </span>
     <input
       :id="options.key"
@@ -62,7 +62,8 @@ export default {
     },
     displayValue() {
       if (this.isAtUnlimitedPosition) {
-        return this.options.unlimitedLabel || "unlimited";
+        const label = this.options.unlimitedLabel || "unlimited";
+        return this.$te(label) ? this.$t(label) : label;
       }
       return Number(this.currentData);
     },
@@ -78,7 +79,7 @@ export default {
           (item) => item.from === this.displayValue
         );
         if (mapping) {
-          return mapping.to;
+          return this.$te(mapping.to) ? this.$t(mapping.to) : mapping.to;
         }
       }
       return this.displayValue;
diff --git a/frontend/src/basic/form/Switch.vue b/frontend/src/basic/form/Switch.vue
index 05de613c4..a25f23c96 100644
--- a/frontend/src/basic/form/Switch.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/basic/form/Switch.vue
@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@
       v-if="'label' in options"
       :for="options.key"
       class="form-label"
-    >{{ options.label }}</label>
+    >{{ $te(options.label) ? $t(options.label) : options.label }}</label>
     <FormHelp
-      :help="options.help"
+      :help="$te(options.help) ? $t(options.help) : options.help"
     />
   </span>
 </template>
diff --git a/frontend/src/basic/form/Textarea.vue b/frontend/src/basic/form/Textarea.vue
index e17cc3998..2f8b81e4d 100644
--- a/frontend/src/basic/form/Textarea.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/basic/form/Textarea.vue
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
           :required="options.required"
           :class="options.class"
           class="form-control"
-          :placeholder="options.placeholder"
+          :placeholder="translatedPlaceholder"
           :disabled="(options.readOnly !== undefined || options.disabled !== undefined)"
           @blur="blur(currentData)"
       />
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 
 <script>
 import FormElement from "@/basic/form/Element.vue"
+import { translateMaybeKey } from "@/assets/utils";
 
 export default {
   name: "FormTextarea",
@@ -38,6 +39,11 @@ export default {
       currentData: "",
     }
   },
+  computed: {
+    translatedPlaceholder() {
+      return translateMaybeKey(this.options.placeholder);
+    },
+  },
   watch: {
     currentData() {
       this.$emit("update:modelValue", this.currentData);
diff --git a/frontend/src/basic/graph/Graph.vue b/frontend/src/basic/graph/Graph.vue
index ae149f743..02c8efa13 100644
--- a/frontend/src/basic/graph/Graph.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/basic/graph/Graph.vue
@@ -8,14 +8,14 @@
             <BasicButton
               class="btn border-0"
               icon="info-circle"
-              tooltip="Inspect node"
+              :tooltip="$t('basic.graph.inspectNode')"
               :disabled="!activateEditNode"
               @click="inspectNode(selectedNodes[0])"
             />
             <BasicButton
               class="btn border-0"
               icon="copy"
-              tooltip="Copy node"
+              :tooltip="$t('basic.graph.copyNode')"
               :disabled="!activateEditNode"
               @click="copyNode(selectedNodes[0])"
             />
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
                 class="btn border-0"
                 :rotate-icon="180"
                 icon="node-plus"
-                tooltip="Add node before"
+                :tooltip="$t('basic.graph.addNodeBefore')"
                 :disabled="!activateAddNode"
                 @click="addNodePrevious(selectedNodes[0])"
               />
@@ -33,20 +33,20 @@
                 class="btn border-0"
                 :disabled="!activateAddNode"
                 icon="node-plus"
-                tooltip="Add node after"
+                :tooltip="$t('basic.graph.addNodeAfter')"
                 @click="addNodeAfter(selectedNodes[0])"
               />
               <BasicButton
                 class="btn border-0"
                 icon="dash-circle"
-                tooltip="Remove node"
+                :tooltip="$t('basic.graph.removeNode')"
                 :disabled="!activateRemoveNode"
                 @click="removeNode(selectedNodes[0])"
               />
               <BasicButton
                 class="btn border-0"
                 icon="pencil"
-                tooltip="Edit node"
+                :tooltip="$t('basic.graph.editNode')"
                 :disabled="!activateEditNode"
                 @click="editNode(selectedNodes[0])"
               />
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@
                   class="btn border-0"
                   :disabled="!activatePasteNode"
                   icon="clipboard"
-                  tooltip="Paste copied node"
+                  :tooltip="$t('basic.graph.pasteCopiedNode')"
                   @click="togglePasteOptions"
                 />
                 <!-- Paste Options Modal -->
@@ -64,13 +64,13 @@
                     class="btn border-0"
                     :rotate-icon="180"
                     icon="node-plus"
-                    tooltip="Paste before selected node"
+                    :tooltip="$t('basic.graph.pasteBeforeSelectedNode')"
                     @click="pasteNodeBefore(selectedNodes[0])"
                   />
                   <BasicButton
                     class="btn border-0"
                     icon="node-plus"
-                    tooltip="Paste after selected node"
+                    :tooltip="$t('basic.graph.pasteAfterSelectedNode')"
                     @click="pasteNodeAfter(selectedNodes[0])"
                   />
                 </div>
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@
             <!-- Readonly indicator -->
             <span v-else class="badge text-bg-secondary ms-1 align-middle d-inline-flex align-items-center gap-1">
               <BasicIcon icon-name="lock-fill" :size="12" color="#fff" />
-              You cannot edit this graph
+              {{ $t("basic.graph.readOnly") }}
             </span>
           </span>
         </div>
@@ -371,9 +371,9 @@ export default {
       // warning that all subsequent nodes are also removed!
       this.mainModal?.hide();
       this.$refs['confirmDeletion'].open(
-        "Remove Node",
-        "Do you really want to remove the selected node?",
-        "All subsequent nodes will also be removed!",
+        this.$t("basic.graph.confirmRemove.title"),
+        this.$t("basic.graph.confirmRemove.message"),
+        this.$t("basic.graph.confirmRemove.warning"),
         (res) => {
           if (res) {
             this.deleteSubNodes(nodeId);
diff --git a/frontend/src/basic/graph/WorkflowStepEditor.vue b/frontend/src/basic/graph/WorkflowStepEditor.vue
index d261300cf..301fd3275 100644
--- a/frontend/src/basic/graph/WorkflowStepEditor.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/basic/graph/WorkflowStepEditor.vue
@@ -1,5 +1,11 @@
 <template>
-  <BasicCoordinator ref="coordinator" table="workflow_step" title="Workflow Step" no-success-message @success="success" />
+  <BasicCoordinator
+    ref="coordinator"
+    table="workflow_step"
+    :title="$t('basic.workflowStepEditor.title')"
+    no-success-message
+    @success="success"
+  />
 </template>
 
 <script>
@@ -67,7 +73,7 @@ export default {
             } else {
               this.eventBus.emit(
                 "notification",
-                "Error adding next node: " + response.error,
+                this.$t("basic.workflowStepEditor.errors.addNextNode", { error: response.error }),
                 "error"
               );
             }
diff --git a/frontend/src/basic/graph/WorkflowStepInspectModal.vue b/frontend/src/basic/graph/WorkflowStepInspectModal.vue
index eaf60d09d..f603051e9 100644
--- a/frontend/src/basic/graph/WorkflowStepInspectModal.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/basic/graph/WorkflowStepInspectModal.vue
@@ -2,21 +2,21 @@
   <BasicModal ref="modal" name="workflowStepInspectModal" size="lg">
     <template #title>
       <BasicIcon icon-name="info-circle" :size="16" class="me-2" />
-      Inspect Step: {{ step?.name || '—' }}
+      {{ $t('workflow.inspectStep') }}: {{ step?.name || '—' }}
     </template>
     <template #body>
       <div v-if="step" class="inspect-body">
 
         <!-- Identity -->
-        <div class="section-title">General</div>
+        <div class="section-title">{{ $t('workflow.general') }}</div>
         <dl class="info-grid">
           <dt>ID</dt>
           <dd><code>{{ step.id }}</code></dd>
 
-          <dt>Name</dt>
+          <dt>{{ $t('common.name') }}</dt>
           <dd>{{ step.name || '—' }}</dd>
 
-          <dt>Step Type</dt>
+          <dt>{{ $t('workflow.stepType') }}</dt>
           <dd>
             <span class="badge" :class="stepTypeBadgeClass">
               <BasicIcon :icon-name="stepTypeIcon" :size="12" color="#fff" class="me-1" />
@@ -26,46 +26,46 @@
         </dl>
 
         <!-- Navigation -->
-        <div class="section-title mt-3">Navigation</div>
+        <div class="section-title mt-3">{{ $t('workflow.navigation') }}</div>
         <dl class="info-grid">
-          <dt>Previous Step</dt>
+          <dt>{{ $t('workflow.previousStep') }}</dt>
           <dd>
             <span v-if="step.workflowStepPrevious">
               <code>{{ step.workflowStepPrevious }}</code>
               <span class="text-muted ms-1">({{ previousStepName }})</span>
             </span>
-            <span v-else class="text-muted">First step</span>
+            <span v-else class="text-muted">{{ $t('workflow.firstStep') }}</span>
           </dd>
 
-          <dt>Allow Backward</dt>
+          <dt>{{ $t('workflow.allowBackward') }}</dt>
           <dd>
             <span class="badge" :class="step.allowBackward ? 'text-bg-success' : 'text-bg-secondary'">
               <BasicIcon :icon-name="step.allowBackward ? 'check-circle' : 'x-circle'" :size="12" color="#fff" class="me-1" />
-              {{ step.allowBackward ? 'Yes' : 'No' }}
+              {{ step.allowBackward ? $t('common.yes') : $t('common.no') }}
             </span>
           </dd>
 
-          <dt>Document Reference</dt>
+          <dt>{{ $t('workflow.documentReference') }}</dt>
           <dd>
             <span v-if="step.workflowStepDocument">
               <code>{{ step.workflowStepDocument }}</code>
               <span class="text-muted ms-1">({{ documentStepName }})</span>
             </span>
-            <span v-else class="text-muted">None</span>
+            <span v-else class="text-muted">{{ $t('common.none') }}</span>
           </dd>
         </dl>
 
         <!-- Configuration -->
-        <div class="section-title mt-3">Configuration</div>
+        <div class="section-title mt-3">{{ $t('workflow.configuration') }}</div>
         <div v-if="hasConfiguration">
           <pre class="config-block">{{ formattedConfiguration }}</pre>
         </div>
-        <p v-else class="text-muted small mb-0">No configuration defined.</p>
+        <p v-else class="text-muted small mb-0">{{ $t('workflow.noConfigurationDefined') }}</p>
 
       </div>
     </template>
     <template #footer>
-      <BasicButton text="Close" class="btn btn-secondary" @click="close" />
+      <BasicButton :text="$t('common.close')" class="btn btn-secondary" @click="close" />
     </template>
   </BasicModal>
 </template>
@@ -94,10 +94,10 @@ export default {
   computed: {
     stepTypeLabel() {
       switch (this.step?.stepType) {
-        case 1: return "Annotator";
-        case 2: return "Editor";
-        case 3: return "Modal";
-        default: return "Unknown";
+        case 1: return this.$t('workflow.stepTypes.annotator');
+        case 2: return this.$t('workflow.stepTypes.editor');
+        case 3: return this.$t('workflow.stepTypes.modal');
+        default: return this.$t('common.unknown');
       }
     },
     stepTypeBadgeClass() {
diff --git a/frontend/src/basic/icon/IconLoading.vue b/frontend/src/basic/icon/IconLoading.vue
index 43fad3e8b..bdc0428c4 100644
--- a/frontend/src/basic/icon/IconLoading.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/basic/icon/IconLoading.vue
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
     :style="'width: ' + size + 'px; height: ' + size + 'px;'"
     role="status"
   >
-    <span class="visually-hidden">Loading...</span>
+    <span class="visually-hidden"> {{ $t('common.loading') }}</span>
   </div>
 </template>
 
diff --git a/frontend/src/basic/modal/ApplySkillModal.vue b/frontend/src/basic/modal/ApplySkillModal.vue
index 508e254ce..648bc6e04 100644
--- a/frontend/src/basic/modal/ApplySkillModal.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/basic/modal/ApplySkillModal.vue
@@ -9,12 +9,12 @@
     <ApplySkillProcessStepper
         v-else
         ref="processStepper"
-        title="Preprocess Grading"
+        :title="$t('nlp.preprocessing.title')"
         :preprocess="preprocess"
         :input-files="inputFiles"
         :current-step="currentStep"
         :show-close="true"
-        cancel-next-text="Cancel Preprocess"
+        :cancel-next-text="$t('nlp.preprocessing.cancelButton')"
         @cancel="cancelProcessing"
         @confirm="confirmCompletion"
     />
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 <script>
 import ApplySkillSetupStepper from "@/basic/modal/ApplySkillSetupStepper.vue";
 import ApplySkillProcessStepper from "@/basic/modal/ApplySkillProcessStepper.vue";
+import { resolveApiMessage } from "@/assets/utils";
 
 export default {
   name: "ApplySkillModal",
@@ -45,10 +46,10 @@ export default {
     inputFiles() {
       return (this.submissions || []).map(submission => ({
         id: submission.id,
-        name: submission.name || `Submission ${submission.id}`,
+        name: submission.name || this.$t('nlp.preprocessing.submissionName', { id: submission.id }),
         group: submission.group,
         userName: submission.userName,
-        data_existing: (submission.data_existing || false) ? 'Yes' : 'No',
+        data_existing: (submission.data_existing || false) ? this.$t('common.yes') : this.$t('common.no'),
       }));
     },
     submissions() {
@@ -59,7 +60,7 @@ export default {
         const user = this.$store.getters["table/user/get"](submission.userId);
         return {
           ...submission,
-          userName: user ? user.userName : "N/A",
+          userName: user ? user.userName : this.$t('common.na'),
           data_existing: dataExists
         }
       });
@@ -110,8 +111,12 @@ export default {
         this.$refs.applySkillSetupStepper.open();
       } else {
         this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-          title: this.isCompleted ? "Preprocessing Complete" : "Preprocessing In Progress",
-          message: this.isCompleted ? "Review the results below." : "Preprocessing is currently running. Showing progress...",
+          title: this.isCompleted
+              ? this.$t('nlp.preprocessing.toasts.completeTitle')
+              : this.$t('nlp.preprocessing.toasts.inProgressTitle'),
+          message: this.isCompleted
+              ? this.$t('nlp.preprocessing.toasts.completeMsg')
+              : this.$t('nlp.preprocessing.toasts.inProgressMsg'),
           variant: "info",
         });
         this.$refs.processStepper.open();
@@ -138,14 +143,14 @@ export default {
       }, (res) => {
         if (res.success) {
           this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-            title: "Preprocessing Cancelled",
-            message: "Preprocessing has been cancelled.",
+            title: this.$t('nlp.preprocessing.toasts.cancelledTitle'),
+            message: this.$t('nlp.preprocessing.toasts.cancelledMsg'),
             variant: "success",
           });
         } else {
           this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-            title: "Preprocessing Cancellation Failed",
-            message: res.message,
+            title: this.$t('nlp.preprocessing.toasts.cancellationFailedTitle'),
+            message: resolveApiMessage(res),
             variant: "danger",
           });
         }
@@ -163,8 +168,8 @@ export default {
       });
 
       this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-        title: "Preprocessing Started",
-        message: "Preprocessing has been initiated.",
+        title: this.$t('nlp.preprocessing.toasts.startedTitle'),
+        message: this.$t('nlp.preprocessing.toasts.startedMsg'),
         variant: "info",
         autohide: true,
         delay: 5000
@@ -190,8 +195,8 @@ export default {
       this.$refs.processStepper.open();
 
       this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-        title: "Preprocesing In Progress",
-        message: "Preprocessing is now running. Progress shown in the modal.",
+        title: this.$t('nlp.preprocessing.toasts.inProgressTitle'),
+        message: this.$t('nlp.preprocessing.toasts.nowRunningMsg'),
         variant: "success",
       });
     },
@@ -213,8 +218,8 @@ export default {
           this.$refs.processStepper.close();
         } else {
           this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-            title: "Confirmation Failed",
-            message: res.message,
+            title: this.$t('nlp.preprocessing.toasts.confirmationFailedTitle'),
+            message: resolveApiMessage(res),
             variant: "danger",
           });
         }
diff --git a/frontend/src/basic/modal/ApplySkillProcessStepper.vue b/frontend/src/basic/modal/ApplySkillProcessStepper.vue
index 4a932d564..3b74c8d53 100644
--- a/frontend/src/basic/modal/ApplySkillProcessStepper.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/basic/modal/ApplySkillProcessStepper.vue
@@ -4,19 +4,19 @@
     :steps="processingSteps"
     :validation="[true, true]"
     :current-step="currentStep"
-    :next-text="isCompleted ? 'Confirm' : cancelNextText"
-    submit-text="Confirm"
+    :next-text="isCompleted ? $t('common.confirm') : (cancelNextText || $t('nlp.preprocessing.cancelButton'))"
+    :submit-text="$t('common.confirm')"
     :show-close="showClose"
     @submit="handleSubmit"
   >
     <template #title>
-      <h5 class="modal-title text-primary">{{ title }}</h5>
+      <h5 class="modal-title text-primary">{{ title || $t('nlp.preprocessing.cancelApplySkills') }}</h5>
     </template>
 
     <template #step-1>
       <div class="mb-3">
         <div class="d-flex align-items-center mb-2">
-          <span class="me-2">Processed:</span>
+          <span class="me-2">{{ $t('nlp.preprocessing.processStepper.stats.processed') }}</span>
           <strong>{{ processedCount }} / {{ totalCount }}</strong>
         </div>
         <div class="progress mb-3" style="height: 20px;">
@@ -33,22 +33,22 @@
         </div>
 
         <div class="mt-2 text-muted">
-          Current request running time: <strong>{{ currentRequestElapsedTime }}</strong>
+          {{ $t('nlp.preprocessing.processStepper.stats.currentRuntime') }} <strong>{{ currentRequestElapsedTime }}</strong>
           <span v-if="isTimeoutExceeded" class="text-warning ms-2">
             <i class="bi bi-exclamation-triangle-fill"></i>
-            Taking longer than expected
+            {{ $t('nlp.preprocessing.processStepper.stats.takingLonger') }}
           </span>
         </div>
         <div class="mt-2 text-muted">
-          Estimated time per request: <strong>{{ estimatedTimePerRequest }}</strong>
+          {{ $t('nlp.preprocessing.processStepper.stats.estimatedPerRequest') }} <strong>{{ estimatedTimePerRequest }}</strong>
         </div>
         <div class="mt-2 text-muted">
-          Estimated time remaining: <strong>{{ estimatedTimeRemaining }}</strong>
+          {{ $t('nlp.preprocessing.processStepper.stats.estimatedRemaining') }} <strong>{{ estimatedTimeRemaining }}</strong>
         </div>
 
         <!-- Errors Display -->
         <div v-if="hasErrors" class="mt-3">
-          <h6 class="text-danger">Errors Encountered</h6>
+          <h6 class="text-danger">{{ $t('nlp.preprocessing.processStepper.errors.title') }}</h6>
           <div 
             v-for="(error, index) in errorsList" 
             :key="index" 
@@ -57,25 +57,25 @@
           >
             <div class="d-flex justify-content-between align-items-start">
               <div>
-                <strong>Error:</strong> 
-                {{ error.message }}
+                <strong>{{ $t('nlp.preprocessing.processStepper.errors.errorLabel') }}</strong> 
+                {{ resolveApiMessage(error) }}
               </div>
               <small class="text-muted ms-2">
                 {{ formatTimestamp(error.timestamp) }}
               </small>
             </div>
             <small v-if="error.submissionId" class="text-muted">
-              Submission ID: {{ error.submissionId }}
+              {{ $t('nlp.preprocessing.processStepper.errors.submissionId') }}: {{ error.submissionId }}
             </small>
             <small v-else-if="error.documentId" class="text-muted">
-              Document ID: {{ error.documentId }}
+              {{ $t('nlp.preprocessing.processStepper.errors.documentId') }}: {{ error.documentId }}
             </small>
           </div>
         </div>
 
-        <h6 class="mt-4">Submissions in Queue</h6>
+        <h6 class="mt-4">{{ $t('nlp.preprocessing.processStepper.queue.title') }}</h6>
         <div v-if="remainingSubmissions.length === 0" class="text-muted fst-italic">
-          No submissions in queue. Processing the last request...
+          {{ $t('nlp.preprocessing.processStepper.queue.empty') }}
         </div>
         <BasicTable
           v-else
@@ -88,8 +88,8 @@
 
     <template #step-2>
       <div class="mb-3">
-        <h5>Cancel Processing</h5>
-        <p>Are you sure you want to cancel the remaining requests?</p>
+        <h5>{{ $t('nlp.preprocessing.processStepper.cancel.title') }}</h5>
+        <p>{{ $t('nlp.preprocessing.processStepper.cancel.message') }}</p>
       </div>
     </template>
   </StepperModal>
@@ -98,6 +98,7 @@
 <script>
 import StepperModal from "@/basic/modal/StepperModal.vue";
 import BasicTable from "@/basic/Table.vue";
+import { resolveApiMessage } from "@/assets/utils";
 
 export default {
   name: "ApplySkillProcessStepper",
@@ -105,7 +106,7 @@ export default {
   props: {
     title: { 
       type: String,
-      default: "Cancel Apply Skills" 
+      default: null 
     },
     preprocess: { 
       type: Object, 
@@ -125,7 +126,7 @@ export default {
     },
     cancelNextText: { 
       type: String, 
-      default: "Cancel Preprocess" 
+      default: null
     },
   },
   emits: ["cancel", "confirm"],
@@ -148,12 +149,12 @@ export default {
       // When completed, only show 1 step so the button becomes "Confirm" (submitText)
       if (this.isCompleted) {
         return [
-          { title: 'Processing Complete' }
+          { title: this.$t('nlp.preprocessing.processStepper.steps.complete') }
         ];
       }
       return [
-        { title: 'Processing Progress' },
-        { title: 'Confirm Cancellation' }
+        { title: this.$t('nlp.preprocessing.processStepper.steps.progress') },
+        { title: this.$t('nlp.preprocessing.processStepper.steps.confirmCancel') }
       ];
     },
     isProcessingActive() {
@@ -227,30 +228,30 @@ export default {
     },
     remainingColumns() {
       return [
-        { key: 'id', name: 'ID' },
-        { key: 'name', name: 'Submission Name' },
-        { key: 'userName', name: 'User' },
+        { key: 'id', name: this.$t('nlp.preprocessing.processStepper.queue.columns.id') },
+        { key: 'name', name: this.$t('nlp.preprocessing.processStepper.queue.columns.submissionName') },
+        { key: 'userName', name: this.$t('nlp.preprocessing.processStepper.queue.columns.user') },
       ];
     },
     estimatedTimeRemaining() {
       const stats = this.getProcessingStats();
       if (!stats) {
-        return "Calculating...";
+        return this.$t('nlp.preprocessing.processStepper.stats.calculating');
       }
       let remainingMs = Math.max(0, Math.round(stats.avgPerItemMs * stats.remaining - stats.timeOnCurrentMs));
       const diff = Math.round(remainingMs / 1000);
       if (diff < 1) {
-        return "Almost done...";
+        return this.$t('nlp.preprocessing.processStepper.stats.almostDone');
       }
       return this.formatDurationSeconds(diff);
     },
     estimatedTimePerRequest() {
       const stats = this.getProcessingStats();
       if (!stats) {
-        return "Calculating...";
+        return this.$t('nlp.preprocessing.processStepper.stats.calculating');
       }
       const timeInSeconds = stats.avgPerItemMs ? Math.round(stats.avgPerItemMs / 1000) : null;
-      return timeInSeconds ? this.formatDurationSeconds(timeInSeconds) : "Calculating...";
+      return timeInSeconds ? this.formatDurationSeconds(timeInSeconds) : this.$t('nlp.preprocessing.processStepper.stats.calculating');
     },
     hasErrors() {
       const errors = this.preprocess?.errors;
@@ -294,20 +295,20 @@ export default {
     formatDurationSeconds(totalSeconds) {
       const seconds = Math.max(0, Math.floor(Number(totalSeconds) || 0));
       if (seconds < 60) {
-        return `${seconds}s`;
+        return this.$t('common.time.seconds', { sec: seconds });
       }
       if (seconds < 3600) {
         const mins = Math.floor(seconds / 60);
         const secs = seconds % 60;
-        return `${mins}m ${secs}s`;
+        return this.$t('common.time.minutesSeconds', { min: mins, sec: secs });
       }
       const hours = Math.floor(seconds / 3600);
       const mins = Math.floor((seconds % 3600) / 60);
       const secs = seconds % 60;
-      return `${hours}h ${mins}m ${secs}s`;
+      return this.$t('common.time.hoursMinutesSeconds', { h: hours, min: mins, sec: secs });
     },
     formatElapsedSince(startMs) {
-      if (!startMs) return "0s";
+      if (!startMs) return this.$t('common.time.seconds', { sec: 0 });
       const diffSeconds = Math.max(0, Math.floor((this.now - startMs) / 1000));
       return this.formatDurationSeconds(diffSeconds);
     },
@@ -316,6 +317,7 @@ export default {
       const date = new Date(timestamp);
       return date.toLocaleTimeString();
     },
+    resolveApiMessage,
     startElapsedTimer() {
       if (this.elapsedTimer) return;
       this.now = Date.now();
diff --git a/frontend/src/basic/modal/ApplySkillSetupStepper.vue b/frontend/src/basic/modal/ApplySkillSetupStepper.vue
index 38835a309..9933a02e1 100644
--- a/frontend/src/basic/modal/ApplySkillSetupStepper.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/basic/modal/ApplySkillSetupStepper.vue
@@ -4,12 +4,12 @@
         ref="applySkillsStepper"
         :steps="stepperSteps"
         :validation="stepValid"
-        submit-text="Apply Skills"
+        :submit-text="$t('nlp.preprocessing.setupStepper.title')"
         @submit="applySkills"
         @close-requested="handleCloseRequest"
     >
       <template #title>
-        <h5 class="modal-title text-primary">Apply Skills</h5>
+        <h5 class="modal-title text-primary">{{ $t('nlp.preprocessing.setupStepper.title') }}</h5>
       </template>
 
       <template #step-1>
@@ -119,11 +119,14 @@ export default {
       return null;
     },
     stepperSteps() {
-      const baseSteps = [{title: 'Select Skill'}, {title: 'Select Files'}];
+      const baseSteps = [
+        {title: this.$t('nlp.preprocessing.setupStepper.steps.selectSkill')},
+        {title: this.$t('nlp.preprocessing.setupStepper.steps.selectFiles')}
+      ];
       if (this.requireValidation) {
-        baseSteps.push({title: 'Select Base Files'});
+        baseSteps.push({title: this.$t('nlp.preprocessing.setupStepper.steps.selectBaseFiles')});
       }
-      baseSteps.push({title: 'Confirmation'});
+      baseSteps.push({title: this.$t('nlp.preprocessing.setupStepper.steps.confirmation')});
       return baseSteps;
     },
     requireValidation() {
@@ -302,8 +305,8 @@ export default {
 
       if (this.$refs.applySkillsStepper.currentStep >= 1 && this.hasFilesSelected) {
         this.$refs.closeConfirmModal.open(
-            'Close Modal',
-            'Current selections will be lost if you close this modal. Are you sure you want to continue?',
+            this.$t('nlp.preprocessing.setupStepper.closeModalTitle'),
+            this.$t('nlp.preprocessing.setupStepper.closeModalMessage'),
             null,
             (confirmed) => {
               if (confirmed) {
diff --git a/frontend/src/basic/modal/ConfigurationModal.vue b/frontend/src/basic/modal/ConfigurationModal.vue
index 90f495bd8..744f82011 100644
--- a/frontend/src/basic/modal/ConfigurationModal.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/basic/modal/ConfigurationModal.vue
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
     >
       <i
         class="bi bi-gear"
-        title="Edit Configuration"
+        :title="$t('basic.configuration.editButton')"
       ></i>
     </button>
     <StepperModal
@@ -14,17 +14,17 @@
       name="configurationStepper"
       :steps="modalSteps"
       :validation="stepValid"
-      submit-text="Save Configuration"
+      :submit-text="$t('basic.configuration.saveButton')"
       @step-change="handleStepChange"
       @submit="submit"
     >
       <template #title>
-        <h5 class="modal-title text-primary">Configuration</h5>
+        <h5 class="modal-title text-primary">{{ $t('basic.configuration.title') }}</h5>
       </template>
       <template #step="{ step }">
         <StepTemplate
           v-if="step?.type === 'general'"
-          title="General Configuration"
+          :title="$t('basic.configuration.stepTitles.general')"
         >
           <template #content>
             <GeneralSettingStep  
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
         </StepTemplate>
         <StepTemplate
           v-else-if="step?.type === 'services'"
-          title="Services Configuration"
+          :title="$t('basic.configuration.stepTitles.services')"
         >
           <template #content>
             <ServicesStep
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@
         </StepTemplate>
         <StepTemplate
           v-else-if="step?.type === 'placeholders'"
-          title="Placeholders Configuration"
+          :title="$t('basic.configuration.stepTitles.placeholders')"
         >
           <template #content>
             <PlaceholdersStep
@@ -159,14 +159,14 @@ export default {
     modalSteps() {
       const steps = [];
       if (this.hasConfigSettings) {
-        steps.push({ title: "General Settings", type: "general" });
-      } 
+        steps.push({ title: this.$t('basic.configuration.steps.general'), type: "general" });
+      }
       if (this.hasConfigServices) {
-        steps.push({ title: "Services", type: "services" });
+        steps.push({ title: this.$t('basic.configuration.steps.services'), type: "services" });
       }
       if (this.hasPlaceholdersStep) {
-          steps.push({ title: "Placeholders", type: "placeholders" });
-        }
+        steps.push({ title: this.$t('basic.configuration.steps.placeholders'), type: "placeholders" });
+      }
       return steps;
     },
     stepValid() {
@@ -190,8 +190,8 @@ export default {
       const isTemplateMode = this.formData?.isTemplateMode || false;
       if (!this.documentId && !isTemplateMode) {
         this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-          title: "Document Error",
-          message: "You need to select a document.",
+          title: this.$t('errors.documents.documentError'),
+          message: this.$t('errors.documents.noDocumentSelected'),
           variant: "danger",
         });
         return;
@@ -232,8 +232,8 @@ export default {
       this.$emit("update:modelValue", this.stepConfig);
       this.$refs.configurationStepper.close();
       this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-        title: "Configuration Updated",
-        message: "The configuration data has been successfully updated.",
+        title: this.$t('basic.configuration.toasts.updatedTitle'),
+        message: this.$t('basic.configuration.toasts.updatedMessage'),
         variant: "success",
       });
     },
diff --git a/frontend/src/basic/modal/ConfirmModal.vue b/frontend/src/basic/modal/ConfirmModal.vue
index 26cffb1f8..429f05ae2 100644
--- a/frontend/src/basic/modal/ConfirmModal.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/basic/modal/ConfirmModal.vue
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
     :name="'confirm'+name"
   >
     <template #title>
-      Confirm {{ name }}
+      {{ $t('modals.confirm') }} {{ name }}
     </template>
     <template #body>
       <!-- eslint-disable-next-line vue/no-v-html -->
@@ -22,14 +22,14 @@
         type="button"
         @click="abort()"
       >
-        Abort
+        {{ $t('common.abort') }}
       </button>
       <button
         class="btn btn-primary"
         type="button"
         @click="confirm()"
       >
-        Confirm
+        {{ $t('common.confirm') }}
       </button>
     </template>
   </Modal>
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ export default {
     return {
       cb: null,
       name: "",
-      message: "Please confirm",
+      message: "",
       warning: null
     }
   },
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ export default {
     open(name, message, warning = null, cb) {
       this.cb = cb;
       this.name = name;
-      this.message = message;
+      this.message = message || this.$t('modals.pleaseConfirm');
       this.warning = warning;
 
       this.$refs.confirmation.openModal();
diff --git a/frontend/src/basic/modal/ConsentUpdateModal.vue b/frontend/src/basic/modal/ConsentUpdateModal.vue
deleted file mode 100644
index 03457a3f9..000000000
--- a/frontend/src/basic/modal/ConsentUpdateModal.vue
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,140 +0,0 @@
-<template>
-  <BasicModal
-      ref="modal"
-      size="lg"
-      name="ConsentUpdateModal">
-    <template #title>
-      <span>Update Consent</span>
-    </template>
-    <template #body>
-      <div
-          v-if="requestData"
-          class="consent-item"
-      >
-        <label class="consent-label">
-          <input
-              v-model="acceptDataSharing"
-              class="consent-input"
-              type="checkbox"
-          />
-          I agree to my data being made available for research purposes
-        </label>
-      </div>
-      <div
-          v-if="requestStats"
-          class="consent-item"
-      >
-        <label class="consent-label">
-          <input
-              v-model="acceptStats"
-              class="consent-input"
-              type="checkbox"
-          />
-          I allow the collection of behaviour statistics for research purposes
-        </label>
-      </div>
-    </template>
-    <template #footer>
-      <span class="btn-group">
-        <BasicButton
-            title="Cancel"
-            class="btn btn-secondary"
-            @click="$refs.modal.close()"
-        />
-        <BasicButton
-            title="Confirm"
-            class="btn btn-primary"
-            @click="confirm"
-        />
-      </span>
-    </template>
-  </BasicModal>
-</template>
-
-<script>
-import BasicModal from "@/basic/Modal.vue";
-import BasicButton from "@/basic/Button.vue";
-
-/**
- * Modal for updating user's consent
- *
- * @author: Linyin Huang
- */
-export default {
-  name: "ConsentUpdateModal",
-  components: {BasicModal, BasicButton},
-  data() {
-    return {
-      acceptStats: false,
-      acceptDataSharing: false,
-    };
-  },
-  computed: {
-    user() {
-      return this.$store.getters["auth/getUser"];
-    },
-    requestStats() {
-      return this.$store.getters["settings/getValue"]("app.register.requestStats") === "true";
-    },
-    requestData() {
-      return this.$store.getters["settings/getValue"]("app.register.requestData") === "true";
-    },
-  },
-  watch: {
-    user: {
-      handler(newUser) {
-        if (newUser) {
-          this.acceptStats = newUser.acceptStats;
-          this.acceptDataSharing = newUser.acceptDataSharing;
-        }
-      },
-      immediate: true,
-    },
-  },
-  methods: {
-    open() {
-      this.$refs.modal.open();
-    },
-    confirm() {
-      const consentData = {
-        acceptTerms: true,
-        acceptStats: this.acceptStats,
-        acceptDataSharing: this.acceptDataSharing,
-      };
-      this.$socket.emit("userConsentUpdate", consentData, (res) => {
-        if (res.success) {
-          this.$refs.modal.close();
-          this.$store.commit("auth/SET_USER", res.data);
-          this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-            title: "Consent successful updated",
-            message: "The consent are successfully updated",
-            variant: "success",
-          });
-        } else {
-          this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-            title: "Error in updating consent",
-            message: res.message,
-            variant: "danger",
-          });
-        }
-      });
-    },
-  },
-};
-</script>
-
-<style scoped>
-.consent-item {
-  margin-bottom: 10px;
-}
-
-.consent-label {
-  display: inline-flex;
-  align-items: center;
-  cursor: pointer;
-}
-
-.consent-input {
-  margin-right: 0.5rem;
-}
-</style>
diff --git a/frontend/src/basic/modal/ExportFormatModal.vue b/frontend/src/basic/modal/ExportFormatModal.vue
index c9751276b..9252c6136 100644
--- a/frontend/src/basic/modal/ExportFormatModal.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/basic/modal/ExportFormatModal.vue
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
     name="ExportFormatModal"
   >
     <template #title>
-      {{ title }}
+      {{ modalTitle }}
     </template>
     <template #body>
       <div class="d-grid gap-2">
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
     <template #footer>
       <BasicButton
         class="btn btn-secondary"
-        title="Cancel"
+        :title="$t('common.cancel')"
         @click="close()"
       />
     </template>
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ export default {
   props: {
     title: {
       type: String,
-      default: "Export",
+      default: null,
     },
   },
   emits: ['formatSelected'],
@@ -65,8 +65,15 @@ export default {
     };
   },
   computed: {
+    modalTitle() {
+      return this.title || this.$t('modals.importExport.export.defaultTitle');
+    },
     supportedFormats() {
-      return getSupportedExportFormats();
+      return getSupportedExportFormats().map((format) => ({
+        ...format,
+        label: this.$t(format.label),
+        description: this.$t(format.description),
+      }));
     },
   },
   methods: {
@@ -91,6 +98,14 @@ export default {
     close() {
       this.$refs.modal.close();
     },
+    /**
+     * Turns an internal table id (snake_case) into display text for toasts and step titles.
+     *  e.g. "tag_set" → "Tag Set"
+     */
+    humanizeTableName(table) {
+      if (!table) return "";
+      return table.replace(/_/g, " ").replace(/\b\w/g, (c) => c.toUpperCase());
+    },
     selectFormat(format) {
       this.close();
       this.$emit('formatSelected', format);
@@ -131,9 +146,17 @@ export default {
         ? `${tableName}_${this.filterId}_${Date.now()}`
         : `${tableName}s_${Date.now()}`;
       downloadObjectsAs(result, filename, format);
+
+      const displayTable = this.humanizeTableName(tableName);
+      const successKey = this.filterId
+        ? 'modals.importExport.export.success.single'
+        : 'modals.importExport.export.success.multiple';
       this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-        title: "Export Successful",
-        message: `${tableName}${this.filterId ? '' : 's'} exported successfully in ${format.toUpperCase()} format`,
+        title: this.$t('modals.importExport.export.success.title'),
+        message: this.$t(successKey, {
+          table: displayTable,
+          format: format.toUpperCase(),
+        }),
         variant: "success",
       });
     },
diff --git a/frontend/src/basic/modal/ImportFormatModal.vue b/frontend/src/basic/modal/ImportFormatModal.vue
index b6183253f..59f1a1141 100644
--- a/frontend/src/basic/modal/ImportFormatModal.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/basic/modal/ImportFormatModal.vue
@@ -8,14 +8,14 @@
     @hide="reset"
   >
     <template #title>
-      <h5 class="modal-title">{{ title }}</h5>
+      <h5 class="modal-title">{{ modalTitle }}</h5>
     </template>
 
     <!-- Step 1: File picker -->
     <template #step-1>
       <div class="form-field d-flex flex-column">
         <label class="form-label w-100 text-start mb-2">
-          Select file ({{ acceptedExtensions.join(", ") }}):
+          {{ $t('modals.importExport.import.selectFile', { extensions: acceptedExtensions.join(', ') }) }}
         </label>
         <div class="w-100">
           <input
@@ -28,7 +28,9 @@
         </div>
       </div>
       <div v-if="selectedFile" class="mt-2">
-        <small class="text-muted">Selected: {{ selectedFile.name }}</small>
+        <small class="text-muted">
+          {{ $t('modals.importExport.import.selectedFile', { file: selectedFile.name }) }}
+        </small>
       </div>
       <div v-if="parseError" class="mt-2 text-danger">
         <small>{{ parseError }}</small>
@@ -38,7 +40,8 @@
     <!-- Step 2: Item selection -->
     <template #step-2>
       <p class="text-muted mb-2">
-        Select which items to import from <strong>{{ selectedFile && selectedFile.name }}</strong>:
+        {{ $t('modals.importExport.import.selectItemsPrefix') }}
+        <strong>{{ selectedFile && selectedFile.name }}</strong>:
       </p>
       <BasicTable
         v-model="selectedItems"
@@ -51,11 +54,15 @@
 
     <!-- Step 3: Confirmation -->
     <template #step-3>
-      <p>Are you sure you want to import the following {{ table || "items" }}?</p>
+      <p>
+        {{ $t('modals.importExport.import.confirmQuestion', { table: confirmTableLabel }) }}
+      </p>
       <ul>
         <li v-for="item in selectedItems" :key="item._idx">
           <strong>{{ item._label }}</strong>
-          <span v-if="item._childCount !== undefined"> — {{ item._childCount }} child record(s)</span>
+          <span v-if="item._childCount !== undefined">
+            {{ $t('modals.importExport.import.childRecords', { count: item._childCount }) }}
+          </span>
         </li>
       </ul>
     </template>
@@ -65,7 +72,7 @@
 <script>
 import StepperModal from "@/basic/modal/StepperModal.vue";
 import BasicTable from "@/basic/Table.vue";
-import { getSupportedImportFormats } from "@/assets/utils";
+import { getSupportedImportFormats, resolveApiMessage } from "@/assets/utils";
 
 /**
  * Import Format Modal Component
@@ -83,7 +90,7 @@ export default {
   props: {
     title: {
       type: String,
-      default: "Import",
+      default: null,
     },
     columns: {
       type: Array,
@@ -104,6 +111,9 @@ export default {
     };
   },
   computed: {
+    modalTitle() {
+      return this.title || this.$t('modals.importExport.import.defaultTitle');
+    },
     userId() {
       return this.$store.getters["auth/getUserId"];
     },
@@ -116,14 +126,25 @@ export default {
     acceptString() {
       return this.acceptedExtensions.join(",");
     },
+    itemLabel() {
+      return this.table
+        ? this.humanizeTableName(this.table)
+        : this.$t('modals.importExport.import.steps.genericItem');
+    },
+    confirmTableLabel() {
+      return this.table
+        ? this.humanizeTableName(this.table)
+        : this.$t('modals.importExport.import.genericItems');
+    },
     steps() {
-      const itemLabel = this.table
-        ? this.table.replace(/_/g, " ").replace(/\b\w/g, (c) => c.toUpperCase())
-        : "Item";
       return [
-        { title: "File Selection" },
-        { title: `${itemLabel} Selection` },
-        { title: "Confirmation" },
+        { title: this.$t('modals.importExport.import.steps.fileSelection') },
+        {
+          title: this.$t('modals.importExport.import.steps.itemSelection', {
+            item: this.itemLabel,
+          }),
+        },
+        { title: this.$t('modals.importExport.import.steps.confirmation') },
       ];
     },
     stepValid() {
@@ -163,7 +184,7 @@ export default {
       if (!this.parsedData) return [];
       return this.parsedData.map((item, idx) => {
         const row = { ...item, _idx: idx };
-        row._label = item.name || item.title || item.id || `Item ${idx + 1}`;
+        row._label = item.name || item.title || item.id || this.$t('modals.importExport.import.fallbackItemLabel', { index: idx + 1 });
         if (this.childTable) {
           row._childCount = (item[this.childTable] || []).length;
         }
@@ -181,6 +202,13 @@ export default {
     },
   },
   methods: {
+    /**
+     * Turns an internal table id (snake_case) into display text for toasts and step titles.
+     * e.g. "tag_set" → "Tag Set"
+     */
+    humanizeTableName(table) {
+      return table.replace(/_/g, " ").replace(/\b\w/g, (c) => c.toUpperCase());
+    },
     /**
      * Opens the import modal.
      * @param {string|null} table                       - Table to import into. If null, emits @itemsSelected instead of writing to socket.
@@ -229,7 +257,7 @@ export default {
           f.extensions.includes(ext)
         );
         if (!format) {
-          throw new Error(`Unsupported file type "${ext}"`);
+          throw new Error(this.$t('modals.importExport.import.errors.unsupportedFileType', { ext }));
         }
         let parsed = format.parse(content);
         if (parsed && !Array.isArray(parsed)) {
@@ -239,7 +267,9 @@ export default {
         this.selectedItems = this.displayData.slice();
       } catch (error) {
         console.error("Error processing file:", error);
-        this.parseError = `Failed to parse file: ${error.message}`;
+        this.parseError = this.$t('modals.importExport.import.errors.parseFileFailed', {
+          message: error.message,
+        });
         this.selectedFile = null;
         this.parsedData = null;
       }
@@ -248,7 +278,7 @@ export default {
       return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
         const reader = new FileReader();
         reader.onload = (e) => resolve(e.target.result);
-        reader.onerror = () => reject(new Error("Failed to read file"));
+        reader.onerror = () => reject(new Error(this.$t('modals.importExport.import.errors.readFileFailed')));
         reader.readAsText(file);
       });
     },
@@ -282,6 +312,7 @@ export default {
         : null;
 
       let importedCount = 0;
+      const displayTable = this.humanizeTableName(this.table);
 
       for (const selectedRow of this.selectedItems) {
         const item = this.parsedData[selectedRow._idx];
@@ -327,8 +358,10 @@ export default {
                 previousId = childResult.data;
               } else {
                 this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-                  title: "Import Error",
-                  message: `Failed to import child record: ${childResult.message}`,
+                  title: this.$t('modals.importExport.import.errors.importError'),
+                  message: this.$t('modals.importExport.import.errors.importChildFailed', {
+                    message: resolveApiMessage(childResult),
+                  }),
                   variant: "danger",
                 });
               }
@@ -336,17 +369,26 @@ export default {
           }
         } else {
           this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-            title: "Import Error",
-            message: `Failed to import "${itemData.name || itemData.id}": ${result.message}`,
+            title: this.$t('modals.importExport.import.errors.importError'),
+            message: this.$t('modals.importExport.import.errors.importItemFailed', {
+              name: itemData.name || itemData.id,
+              message: resolveApiMessage(result),
+            }),
             variant: "danger",
           });
         }
       }
 
       this.$refs.stepper.setWaiting(false);
+      const successKey = importedCount === 1
+        ? 'modals.importExport.import.success.single'
+        : 'modals.importExport.import.success.multiple';
       this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-        title: "Import Successful",
-        message: `${importedCount} ${this.table}${importedCount !== 1 ? "s" : ""} imported successfully!`,
+        title: this.$t('modals.importExport.import.success.title'),
+        message: this.$t(successKey, {
+          count: importedCount,
+          table: displayTable,
+        }),
         variant: "success",
       });
       this.close();
@@ -370,3 +412,4 @@ export default {
 }
 </style>
 
+
diff --git a/frontend/src/basic/modal/InformationModal.vue b/frontend/src/basic/modal/InformationModal.vue
index c68d2b1d7..e18f72383 100644
--- a/frontend/src/basic/modal/InformationModal.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/basic/modal/InformationModal.vue
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
     name="informationModal"
   >
     <template #title>
-      <h5 class="modal-title text-primary">Details</h5>
+      <h5 class="modal-title text-primary">{{ $t('common.details') }}</h5>
     </template>
     <template #body>
       <div class="information-container p-3">
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@
     </template>
     <template #footer>
       <div class="d-flex justify-content-end">
-        <BasicButton class="btn btn-outline-secondary" title="Close" @click="close" />
+        <BasicButton class="btn btn-outline-secondary" :title="$t('common.close')" @click="close" />
       </div>
     </template>
   </BasicModal>
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ export default {
     },
     transformValue(value) {
       if (value === null) {
-        return "Not yet set";
+        return this.$t('common.notSet');
       }
       if (typeof value === "string" && value.startsWith("<p>")) {
         const parser = new DOMParser();
diff --git a/frontend/src/basic/modal/PasswordModal.vue b/frontend/src/basic/modal/PasswordModal.vue
index 5202113bc..a32b42624 100644
--- a/frontend/src/basic/modal/PasswordModal.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/basic/modal/PasswordModal.vue
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 <template>
   <BasicModal ref="modal" name="PasswordModal" @hide="resetForm">
     <template #title>
-      <span>Reset Password</span>
+      <span>{{ $t('auth.resetPassword') }}</span>
     </template>
     <template #body>
       <BasicForm
@@ -14,12 +14,12 @@
     <template #footer>
       <span class="btn-group">
         <BasicButton
-          title="Cancel"
+          :title="$t('common.cancel')"
           class="btn btn-secondary"
           @click="$refs.modal.close()"
         />
         <BasicButton
-          title="Confirm"
+          :title="$t('common.confirm')"
           class="btn btn-primary"
           @click="submit"
         />
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@
 import BasicModal from "@/basic/Modal.vue";
 import BasicForm from "@/basic/Form.vue";
 import BasicButton from "@/basic/Button.vue";
+import { resolveApiMessage } from "@/assets/utils";
 
 /**
  * Modal for resetting user's password
@@ -45,18 +46,25 @@ export default {
     return {
       userId: 0,
       data: {},
-      allFields: [
+    };
+  },
+  computed: {
+    isAdmin() {
+      return this.$store.getters['auth/isAdmin'];
+    },
+    allFields() {
+      return [
         {
           key:"oldPassword",
           type: "password",
-          label: "Current Password",
+          label: this.$t('auth.currentPassword'),
           required: true,
           placeholder: "",
         },
         {
           key: "password",
           type: "password",
-          label: "New Password",
+          label: this.$t('auth.newPassword'),
           required: true,
           placeholder: "",
           pattern: ".{8,}",
@@ -65,18 +73,13 @@ export default {
         {
           key: "confirmPassword",
           type: "password",
-          label: "Confirm Password",
+          label: this.$t('auth.confirmPassword'),
           required: true,
           placeholder: "",
           pattern: ".{8,}",
           default: "",
         }
-      ],
-    };
-  },
-  computed: {
-    isAdmin() {
-      return this.$store.getters['auth/isAdmin'];
+      ];
     },
     fields() {
       const thisUserID = this.$store.getters['auth/getUserId'];
@@ -103,14 +106,14 @@ export default {
         if (response.success) {
           this.$refs.modal.close();
           this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-            title: "Password updated",
-            message: "Successfully reset password!",
+            title: this.$t('modals.passwordUpdated'),
+            message: this.$t('modals.passwordResetSuccess'),
             variant: "success",
           });
         } else {
           this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-            title: "Failed to reset password",
-            message: response.message,
+            title: this.$t('errors.auth.passwordResetFailed'),
+            message: resolveApiMessage(response),
             variant: "danger",
           });
         }
@@ -126,8 +129,8 @@ export default {
       const { confirmPassword, password } = this.$refs.form.modelValue;
       if (password !== confirmPassword) {
         this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-          title: "Validation Error",
-          message: "Passwords do not match",
+          title: this.$t('errors.validation.validationError'),
+          message: this.$t('errors.validation.auth.passwordsDoNotMatch'),
           variant: "danger",
         });
         return false;
@@ -138,8 +141,8 @@ export default {
       });
       if (/^\s*$/.test(password) || hasInvalidCharacter) {
         this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-          title: "Validation Error",
-          message: "Password cannot contain only spaces, control characters, or emojis. Use letters, numbers, and standard punctuation.",
+          title: this.$t('errors.validation.validationError'),
+          message: this.$t('errors.validation.auth.passwordInvalidChars'),
           variant: "danger",
         });
         return false;
diff --git a/frontend/src/basic/modal/PlaceholdersStep.vue b/frontend/src/basic/modal/PlaceholdersStep.vue
index 1a5b91237..36d00d852 100644
--- a/frontend/src/basic/modal/PlaceholdersStep.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/basic/modal/PlaceholdersStep.vue
@@ -2,14 +2,14 @@
   <div class="placeholders-step">
     <!-- Short Preview -->
     <div v-if="shortPreview" class="short-preview mb-4">
-      <h6 class="section-title">Document Preview</h6>
+      <h6 class="section-title">{{ $t('modals.placeholders.documentPreview') }}</h6>
       <!-- eslint-disable-next-line vue/no-v-html -->
       <div class="preview-content" v-html="shortPreview"></div>
     </div>
 
     <!-- Placeholder Legend -->
     <div v-if="placeholders.length" class="legend mb-4">
-      <h6 class="section-title">Placeholder Legend</h6>
+      <h6 class="section-title">{{ $t('modals.placeholders.placeholderLegend') }}</h6>
       <div class="legend-items">
         <span
           v-for="(placeholder, index) in placeholders"
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
 
     <!-- Placeholders Configuration -->
     <div v-if="placeholders.length" class="placeholders-config mb-4">
-      <h6 class="section-title">Configure Placeholders</h6>
+      <h6 class="section-title">{{ $t('modals.placeholders.configurePlaceholders') }}</h6>
 
       <div v-for="(placeholder, index) in placeholders" :key="index" class="placeholder-item mb-3">
         <div class="placeholder-header mb-2">
@@ -37,13 +37,13 @@
         <!-- Comparison Type (requires 2 inputs) -->
         <div v-if="placeholder.type === placeholderType.comparison" class="comparison-inputs">
           <div class="input-group mb-2">
-            <label class="form-label">First Data Source:</label>
+            <label class="form-label">{{ $t('modals.placeholders.firstDataSource') }}</label>
             <select
               :value="formData[index]?.dataInput?.[0]?.value || ''"
               class="form-control"
               @change="updateComparisonInput(index, 0, $event.target.value)"
             >
-              <option value="">Select first data source...</option>
+              <option value="">{{ $t('modals.placeholders.selectFirstDataSource') }}</option>
               <option
                 v-for="source in availableDataSources"
                 :key="`${source.stepId}-${source.value}-0`"
@@ -56,13 +56,13 @@
           </div>
 
           <div class="input-group mb-2">
-            <label class="form-label">Second Data Source:</label>
+            <label class="form-label">{{ $t('modals.placeholders.secondDataSource') }}</label>
             <select
               :value="formData[index]?.dataInput?.[1]?.value || ''"
               class="form-control"
               @change="updateComparisonInput(index, 1, $event.target.value)"
             >
-              <option value="">Select second data source...</option>
+              <option value="">{{ $t('modals.placeholders.selectSecondDataSource') }}</option>
               <option
                 v-for="source in availableDataSources"
                 :key="`${source.stepId}-${source.value}-1`"
@@ -77,13 +77,13 @@
 
         <!-- Single Input Types (text, chart) -->
         <div v-else class="single-input">
-          <label class="form-label">Data Source:</label>
+          <label class="form-label">{{ $t('modals.placeholders.dataSource') }}</label>
           <select
             :value="formData[index]?.dataInput?.value || ''"
             class="form-control"
             @change="updateSingleInput(index, $event.target.value)"
           >
-            <option value="">Select data source...</option>
+            <option value="">{{ $t('modals.placeholders.selectDataSource') }}</option>
             <option
               v-for="source in availableDataSources"
               :key="`${source.stepId}-${source.value}`"
@@ -100,13 +100,15 @@
     <!-- No Placeholders Message -->
     <div v-else class="no-content">
       <div class="alert alert-info" role="alert">
-        No placeholders found in the document.
+        {{ $t('modals.placeholders.noPlaceholders') }}
       </div>
     </div>
   </div>
 </template>
 
 <script>
+import { resolveApiMessage } from "@/assets/utils";
+import StepTemplate from "@/basic/modal/StepTemplate.vue";
 import Quill from "quill";
 
 /**
@@ -117,6 +119,9 @@ import Quill from "quill";
  */
 export default {
   name: "PlaceholdersStep",
+  components: {
+    StepTemplate
+  },
   inject: {
     studyStepId: {
       type: Number,
@@ -174,7 +179,7 @@ export default {
   },
   watch: {
     modelValue: {
-      handler(newVal) {
+      handler(_newVal) {
         this.isUpdateMode = newVal && newVal.placeholders;
       },
       immediate: true,
@@ -187,7 +192,7 @@ export default {
       immediate: true
     },
     formData: {
-      handler(_newVal) {
+      handler(newVal) {
         const updated = {
           text: this.formatPlaceholder(this.placeholderType.text),
           chart: this.formatPlaceholder(this.placeholderType.chart),
@@ -275,16 +280,16 @@ export default {
           } else {
             console.error("Invalid document content:", response);
             this.eventBus?.emit("toast", {
-              title: "Document Error",
-              message: "The document content is invalid or empty. Please try again.",
+              title: this.$t('modals.placeholders.documentError'),
+              message: this.$t('modals.placeholders.invalidDocumentContent'),
               variant: "danger",
             });
           }
         } else {
           console.error("Failed to fetch document content:", response);
           this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-            title: "Document Error",
-            message: response.message || "Failed to fetch the document.",
+            title: this.$t('modals.placeholders.documentError'),
+            message: resolveApiMessage(response) || this.$t('modals.placeholders.failedToFetchDocument'),
             variant: "danger",
           });
         }
@@ -431,8 +436,16 @@ export default {
           // Editor
           case 2:
             sources.push(
-              { value: "firstVersion", name: `First Version (Step ${stepIndex})`, stepId: stepIndex },
-              { value: "currentVersion", name: `Current Version (Step ${stepIndex})`, stepId: stepIndex }
+              {
+                value: "firstVersion",
+                name: this.$t("modals.placeholders.firstVersionStep", { step: stepIndex }),
+                stepId: stepIndex
+              },
+              {
+                value: "currentVersion",
+                name: this.$t("modals.placeholders.currentVersionStep", { step: stepIndex }),
+                stepId: stepIndex
+              }
             );
             break;
           // Modal
diff --git a/frontend/src/basic/modal/PreferencesModal.vue b/frontend/src/basic/modal/PreferencesModal.vue
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..536eab485
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/src/basic/modal/PreferencesModal.vue
@@ -0,0 +1,252 @@
+<template>
+  <BasicModal
+    ref="modal"
+    size="lg"
+    name="PreferencesModal"
+    @hide="onHide"
+  >
+    <template #title>
+      <span>{{ $t("auth.preferences.title") }}</span>
+    </template>
+    <template #body>
+      <div
+        v-if="!languageSelectionDisabled"
+        class="preferences-section mb-4"
+      >
+        <h6 class="section-title">{{ $t("auth.preferences.sections.language") }}</h6>
+        <LanguageSwitcher
+          :persist="false"
+          class="preferences-language-switcher"
+        />
+      </div>
+
+      <div
+        v-if="consentEnabled"
+        class="preferences-section"
+      >
+        <h6 class="section-title">{{ $t("auth.updateConsent") }}</h6>
+        <div
+          v-if="requestData"
+          class="consent-item"
+        >
+          <label class="consent-label">
+            <input
+              v-model="acceptDataSharing"
+              class="consent-input"
+              type="checkbox"
+            />
+            {{ $t("auth.acceptDataSharing") }}
+          </label>
+        </div>
+        <div
+          v-if="requestStats"
+          class="consent-item"
+        >
+          <label class="consent-label">
+            <input
+              v-model="acceptStats"
+              class="consent-input"
+              type="checkbox"
+            />
+            {{ $t("auth.acceptStatsBehavior") }}
+          </label>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+    </template>
+    <template #footer>
+      <span class="btn-group">
+        <BasicButton
+          :title="$t('common.cancel')"
+          class="btn btn-secondary"
+          @click="cancel"
+        />
+        <BasicButton
+          :title="$t('common.confirm')"
+          class="btn btn-primary"
+          @click="confirm"
+        />
+      </span>
+    </template>
+  </BasicModal>
+</template>
+
+<script>
+import BasicModal from "@/basic/Modal.vue";
+import BasicButton from "@/basic/Button.vue";
+import LanguageSwitcher from "@/basic/LanguageSwitcher.vue";
+import { resolveApiMessage } from "@/assets/utils";
+import { clearCachedLocale, getLocaleFromSettings, getStoredLocale, LOCALE_SETTING_KEY, setStoredLocale } from "@/assets/locale.js";
+
+/**
+ * User preferences: language and consent settings.
+ *
+ * @author Andrii Nikitin
+ */
+export default {
+  name: "PreferencesModal",
+  components: { BasicModal, BasicButton, LanguageSwitcher },
+  data() {
+    return {
+      acceptStats: false,
+      acceptDataSharing: false,
+      savedLocale: "en",
+      savedAcceptStats: false,
+      savedAcceptDataSharing: false,
+      confirmed: false,
+      /** True if localStorage already had `"locale"` when the modal opened (used by revert()). */
+      localeCacheExistedAtOpen: false,
+    };
+  },
+  computed: {
+    user() {
+      return this.$store.getters["auth/getUser"];
+    },
+    consentEnabled() {
+      return this.$store.getters["settings/getValue"]("app.config.consent.enabled") === "true";
+    },
+    requestStats() {
+      return this.$store.getters["settings/getValue"]("app.register.requestStats") === "true";
+    },
+    requestData() {
+      return this.$store.getters["settings/getValue"]("app.register.requestData") === "true";
+    },
+    languageSelectionDisabled() {
+      return this.$store.getters["auth/isLanguageSelectionDisabled"];
+    },
+  },
+  watch: {
+    user: {
+      handler(newUser) {
+        if (newUser) {
+          this.acceptStats = newUser.acceptStats;
+          this.acceptDataSharing = newUser.acceptDataSharing;
+        }
+      },
+      immediate: true,
+    },
+  },
+  methods: {
+    open() {
+      this.confirmed = false;
+      this.localeCacheExistedAtOpen = !!getStoredLocale();
+      const fromSettings = getLocaleFromSettings(this.$store.getters["settings/getSettings"]);
+      this.savedLocale = fromSettings || getStoredLocale() || this.$i18n.locale;
+      const user = this.user;
+      if (user) {
+        this.savedAcceptStats = user.acceptStats;
+        this.savedAcceptDataSharing = user.acceptDataSharing;
+        this.acceptStats = user.acceptStats;
+        this.acceptDataSharing = user.acceptDataSharing;
+      }
+      this.$refs.modal.open();
+    },
+    cancel() {
+      this.revert();
+      this.$refs.modal.close();
+    },
+    onHide() {
+      if (!this.confirmed) {
+        this.revert();
+      }
+    },
+    revert() {
+      this.$i18n.locale = this.savedLocale;
+      if (this.localeCacheExistedAtOpen) {
+        setStoredLocale(this.savedLocale);
+      } else {
+        clearCachedLocale();
+      }
+      this.acceptStats = this.savedAcceptStats;
+      this.acceptDataSharing = this.savedAcceptDataSharing;
+    },
+    persistLocale() {
+      const locale = this.$i18n.locale;
+      setStoredLocale(locale);
+      this.localeCacheExistedAtOpen = true;
+      this.$socket.emit("appSettingSet", { key: LOCALE_SETTING_KEY, value: locale });
+    },
+    hasLocaleChanged() {
+      return this.$i18n.locale !== this.savedLocale;
+    },
+    hasConsentChanged() {
+      return (
+        this.acceptStats !== this.savedAcceptStats
+        || this.acceptDataSharing !== this.savedAcceptDataSharing
+      );
+    },
+    confirm() {
+      const localeChanged = this.hasLocaleChanged();
+      const consentChanged = this.consentEnabled && this.hasConsentChanged();
+
+      if (!localeChanged && !consentChanged) {
+        this.confirmed = true;
+        this.$refs.modal.close();
+        return;
+      }
+
+      if (localeChanged && !this.languageSelectionDisabled) {
+        this.persistLocale();
+      }
+
+      if (!consentChanged) {
+        this.confirmed = true;
+        this.$refs.modal.close();
+        return;
+      }
+
+      const consentData = {
+        acceptTerms: true,
+        acceptStats: this.acceptStats,
+        acceptDataSharing: this.acceptDataSharing,
+      };
+      this.$socket.emit("userConsentUpdate", consentData, (res) => {
+        if (res.success) {
+          this.confirmed = true;
+          this.$refs.modal.close();
+          this.$store.commit("auth/SET_USER", res.data);
+          this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
+            title: this.$t("auth.messages.consentUpdated"),
+            message: this.$t("auth.messages.consentUpdatedMessage"),
+            variant: "success",
+          });
+        } else {
+          this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
+            title: this.$t("errors.auth.consentUpdateError"),
+            message: resolveApiMessage(res),
+            variant: "danger",
+          });
+        }
+      });
+    },
+  },
+};
+</script>
+
+<style scoped>
+.section-title {
+  margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
+  font-weight: 600;
+}
+
+.preferences-language-switcher {
+  margin-right: 0;
+}
+
+.consent-item {
+  margin-bottom: 10px;
+}
+
+.consent-item:last-child {
+  margin-bottom: 0;
+}
+
+.consent-label {
+  display: inline-flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  cursor: pointer;
+}
+
+.consent-input {
+  margin-right: 0.5rem;
+}
+</style>
diff --git a/frontend/src/basic/modal/ServicesStep.vue b/frontend/src/basic/modal/ServicesStep.vue
index 1a29187b1..fce1aeaef 100644
--- a/frontend/src/basic/modal/ServicesStep.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/basic/modal/ServicesStep.vue
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   <div class="services-step">
     <!-- Services Configuration Content -->
     <div v-if="hasConfigServices" class="services-config mb-4">
-      <h6 class="section-title">Available Services</h6>
+      <h6 class="section-title">{{ $t('nlp.services.availableServices') }}</h6>
 
       <div
           v-for="(skill, index) in selectedSkills"
@@ -34,13 +34,14 @@
     <!-- No Services Message -->
     <div v-else class="no-content">
       <div class="alert alert-info" role="alert">
-        No services configuration available for this step.
+        {{ $t('nlp.services.noServices') }}
       </div>
     </div>
   </div>
 </template>
 
 <script>
+import StepTemplate from "@/basic/modal/StepTemplate.vue";
 import SkillSelector from "@/basic/modal/skills/SkillSelector.vue";
 import InputMap from "@/basic/modal/skills/InputMap.vue";
 
@@ -53,6 +54,7 @@ import InputMap from "@/basic/modal/skills/InputMap.vue";
 export default {
   name: "ServicesStep",
   components: {
+    StepTemplate,
     SkillSelector,
     InputMap,
   },
diff --git a/frontend/src/basic/modal/StepperModal.vue b/frontend/src/basic/modal/StepperModal.vue
index 877b79126..027e81641 100644
--- a/frontend/src/basic/modal/StepperModal.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/basic/modal/StepperModal.vue
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@
             <slot :name="'step-' + (currentStep + 1)"/>
           </template>
           <template v-else>
-            <p>Step {{ currentStep + 1 }} is not implemented.</p>
+            <p>{{ $t('common.stepper.stepNotImplemented', { step: currentStep + 1 }) }}</p>
           </template>
         </div>
       </div>
@@ -42,26 +42,26 @@
         <slot name="buttons"/>
         <BasicButton
           v-if="currentStep !== 0"
-          title="Previous"
+          :title="$t('common.previous')"
           class="btn btn-secondary"
           @click="currentStep--"
         />
         <BasicButton
           v-if="currentStep === 0 && showClose"
-          title="Close"
+          :title="$t('common.close')"
           class="btn btn-secondary"
           @click="close"
         />
         <BasicButton
           v-if="currentStep < steps.length - 1"
-          :title="nextText"
+          :title="nextText || $t('common.nextText')"
           :class="['btn', currentStep === 0 && nextText && nextText.toLowerCase().includes('cancel') ? 'btn-danger' : 'btn-primary']"
           :disabled="disabled(currentStep)"
           @click="currentStep++"
         />
         <BasicButton
           v-if="currentStep === steps.length - 1"
-          :title="submitText"
+          :title="submitText || $t('common.submitText')"
           class="btn btn-primary"
           :disabled="disabled(currentStep)"
           @click="submit"
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@
       </div>
       <div v-else>
         <BasicButton
-          title="Close"
+          :title="$t('common.close')"
           class="btn btn-primary"
           @click="close"
         />
@@ -97,11 +97,11 @@ export default {
     },
     submitText: {
       type: String,
-      default: "Submit"
+      default: null
     },
     nextText: {
       type: String,
-      default: "Next"
+      default: null
     },
     validation: {
       type: Array,
diff --git a/frontend/src/basic/modal/configuration/Placeholder.vue b/frontend/src/basic/modal/configuration/Placeholder.vue
index e2980b09f..5f006bfa2 100644
--- a/frontend/src/basic/modal/configuration/Placeholder.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/basic/modal/configuration/Placeholder.vue
@@ -5,14 +5,14 @@
       <span :style="{ color: placeholderColor, fontWeight: 'bold' }">
         #{{ index + 1 }}
       </span>
-      Add here the information for the placeholder:
+      {{ $t('modals.placeholders.addInformation') }}
     </h6>
 
     <!-- Input Fields -->
     <div v-if="fields.length">
       <div v-for="field in filteredFields" :key="field.name" class="mb-3">
         <label :for="'field-' + field.name + '-' + index" class="form-label">
-          {{ field.label }}
+          {{ translateMaybeKey(field.label) }}
         </label>
 
         <FormSelect
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
           :value="formData[field.name]"
           type="text"
           class="form-control"
-          :placeholder="field.placeholder"
+          :placeholder="translateMaybeKey(field.placeholder)"
           :required="field.required"
           @input="onFieldUpdate(field.name, $event.target.value)"
         />
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@
 
 <script>
 import FormSelect from "@/basic/form/Select.vue"; // Import FormSelect
+import { translateMaybeKey } from "@/assets/utils";
 
 /**
  * Placeholder Component for configuration modal
@@ -85,7 +86,12 @@ export default {
       return skills && typeof skills === "object" ? Object.values(skills) : [];
     },
     skillMap() {
-      return { options: this.nlpSkills.map(skill => ({ value: skill.name, name: skill.name })) };
+      return {
+        options: this.nlpSkills.map((skill) => ({
+          value: skill.name,
+          name: skill.name,
+        })),
+      };
     },
     filteredFields() {
       return this.fields.filter(field => !(this.hasSkillName && (field.name === 'dataSource' || field.name === 'output')));
@@ -95,6 +101,7 @@ export default {
     }
   },
   methods: {
+    translateMaybeKey,
     onFieldUpdate(key, value) {
       this.$emit('update:formData', { ...this.formData, [key]: value });
     }
diff --git a/frontend/src/basic/modal/skills/InputConfirm.vue b/frontend/src/basic/modal/skills/InputConfirm.vue
index a1f4a5667..9ccc7ce1e 100644
--- a/frontend/src/basic/modal/skills/InputConfirm.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/basic/modal/skills/InputConfirm.vue
@@ -1,24 +1,24 @@
 <template>
   <div class="confirmation-step">
-    <h6 class="fw-bold mb-3">Confirm Your Selections</h6>
+    <h6 class="fw-bold mb-3">{{ $t('nlp.inputConfirm.confirmSelections') }}</h6>
     
     <div class="confirmation-section mb-3">
-      <h6 class="text-primary mb-2">Selected Skill:</h6>
+      <h6 class="text-primary mb-2">{{ $t('nlp.inputConfirm.selectedSkill') }}</h6>
       <p class="mb-1">{{ selectedSkill }}</p>
     </div>
     
     <div class="confirmation-section mb-3">
-      <h6 class="text-primary mb-2">Input Mappings:</h6>
+      <h6 class="text-primary mb-2">{{ $t('nlp.inputConfirm.inputMappings') }}</h6>
       <ul class="list-unstyled mb-1">
         <li v-for="(mapping, param) in inputMappings" :key="param">
-          <strong>{{ param }}:</strong> {{ mapping.name || mapping.tableType || 'Configuration' }}
+          <strong>{{ param }}:</strong> {{ mapping.name || mapping.tableType || $t('nlp.inputConfirm.defaultConfiguration') }}
           <span v-if="mapping.requiresTableSelection"></span>
         </li>
       </ul>
     </div>
     
     <div v-if="hasSelectedFiles" class="confirmation-section mb-3">
-      <h6 class="text-primary mb-2">Selected Files:</h6>
+      <h6 class="text-primary mb-2">{{ $t('nlp.inputConfirm.selectedFiles') }}</h6>
       <ul class="list-unstyled mb-1">
         <li v-for="(files, param) in selectedFiles" :key="param" class="mb-1">
           <strong>{{ param }}:</strong>
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@
     
     
     <div v-if="showBaseFileSelections && hasBaseFileSelections" class="confirmation-section mb-3">
-      <h6 class="text-primary mb-2">Base File Selections:</h6>
+      <h6 class="text-primary mb-2">{{ $t('nlp.inputConfirm.baseFileSelections') }}</h6>
       <ul class="list-unstyled mb-1">
         <li v-for="selection in formattedBaseFileSelections" :key="selection.configId">
           <strong>{{ selection.displayName }}:</strong> {{ selection.value }}
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ export default {
       return Object.entries(this.baseFileSelections).map(([configId, selection]) => ({
         configId,
         displayName: this.validationConfigurationNames[configId],
-        value: selection || 'Unknown'
+        value: selection || this.$t('nlp.inputConfirm.unknownSelection')
       }));
     },
   },
diff --git a/frontend/src/basic/modal/skills/InputFiles.vue b/frontend/src/basic/modal/skills/InputFiles.vue
index 147524326..32381a510 100644
--- a/frontend/src/basic/modal/skills/InputFiles.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/basic/modal/skills/InputFiles.vue
@@ -16,12 +16,12 @@
       </div>
       
       <div v-else class="alert alert-info">
-        No {{ getTableType() }} available for selection.
+        {{ $t('errors.file.noTableAvailable', { tableType: getTableType() }) }}
       </div>
     </div>
     
     <div v-else class="alert alert-info">
-      No file selection parameters found. All parameters are using configuration-based inputs.
+      {{ $t('errors.file.noParameters') }}
     </div>
   </div>
 </template>
@@ -126,11 +126,11 @@ export default {
         const user = this.$store.getters["table/user/get"](submission.userId);
         return {
           id: submission.id,
-          userName: user ? user.userName : "N/A",
-          firstName: user ? user.firstName : "N/A",
-          lastName: user ? user.lastName : "N/A",
+          userName: user ? user.userName : this.$t('common.na'),
+          firstName: user ? user.firstName : this.$t('common.na'),
+          lastName: user ? user.lastName : this.$t('common.na'),
           group: (submission.group !== null && submission.group !== undefined && submission.group !== '') ? submission.group : '',
-          data_existing: dataExists ? 'Yes' : 'No',
+          data_existing: dataExists ? this.$t('common.yes') : this.$t('common.no'),
           createdAt: submission.createdAt,
         };
       });
@@ -141,27 +141,27 @@ export default {
       const files = this.modelValue[this.tableParam.name];
       
       if (files && Array.isArray(files) && files.length > 0) {
-        return `Files selected for ${this.tableParam.name}: ${files.length} file(s)`;
+        return this.$t('nlp.inputFiles.filesSelectedFor', { param: this.tableParam.name, count: files.length });
       }
-      return `Please select files for parameter: ${this.tableParam.name}`;
+      return this.$t('nlp.inputFiles.selectFilesFor', { param: this.tableParam.name });
     },
     documentColumns() {
       return [
-        { key: 'id', name: 'ID' },
-        { key: 'name', name: 'Document Name' },
-        { key: 'type', name: 'Type' },
-        { key: 'createdAt', name: 'Created At' },
+        { key: 'id', name: this.$t('common.id') },
+        { key: 'name', name: this.$t('common.name') },
+        { key: 'type', name: this.$t('common.type') },
+        { key: 'createdAt', name: this.$t('common.createdAt') },
       ];
     },
     submissionColumns() {
       return [
-        { key: 'id', name: 'ID' },
-        { key: 'userName', name: 'User Name' },
-        { key: 'firstName', name: 'First Name' },
-        { key: 'lastName', name: 'Last Name'},
-        { key: 'group', name: 'GroupID', filter: this.groupFilterOptions },
-        { key: 'data_existing', name: 'Data Existing', filter: this.dataExistingFilterOptions },
-        { key: 'createdAt', name: 'Created At' },
+        { key: 'id', name: this.$t('common.id') },
+        { key: 'userName', name: this.$t('common.userName') },
+        { key: 'firstName', name: this.$t('common.firstName') },
+        { key: 'lastName', name: this.$t('common.lastName') },
+        { key: 'group', name: this.$t('common.groupId'), filter: this.groupFilterOptions },
+        { key: 'data_existing', name: this.$t('common.dataExisting'), filter: this.dataExistingFilterOptions },
+        { key: 'createdAt', name: this.$t('common.createdAt') },
       ];
     },
     /**
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ export default {
         .map((g) => ({ key: g, name: g }));
       
       if (hasEmptyGroups) {
-        options.unshift({ key: '', name: 'No GroupID' });
+        options.unshift({ key: '', name: this.$t('common.noGroupId') });
       }
       
       return options;
@@ -289,7 +289,7 @@ export default {
   },
   methods: {
     getTableType() {
-      return this.currentTableType === 'document' ? 'Documents' : 'Submissions';
+      return this.currentTableType === 'document' ? this.$t('nlp.inputFiles.documents') : this.$t('nlp.inputFiles.submissions');
     },
     syncSelectedFiles(savedSelection) {
       if (savedSelection && Array.isArray(savedSelection) && savedSelection.length > 0) {
diff --git a/frontend/src/basic/modal/skills/InputGroup.vue b/frontend/src/basic/modal/skills/InputGroup.vue
index 3ce26627f..03fa78fdf 100644
--- a/frontend/src/basic/modal/skills/InputGroup.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/basic/modal/skills/InputGroup.vue
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
     >
       <h6 class="fw-bold mb-3">{{ group.name }}</h6>
       <div class="mb-3">
-        <label class="form-label">Select base file type:</label>
+        <label class="form-label">{{ $t('common.baseFileType') }}</label>
         <FormSelect
             v-model="baseFileSelections[group.validationConfigurationId]"
             :options="group.fileTypeOptions"
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ export default {
   methods: {
     getValidationConfigurationName(validationConfigurationId) {
       const config = this.configurations.find(c => c.id === validationConfigurationId);
-      return config?.name || `Validation Configuration ${validationConfigurationId}`;
+      return config?.name || this.$t('nlp.inputGroup.validationConfiguration', { id: validationConfigurationId });
     },
     getFileTypeOptions(validationConfigurationId) {
       const config = this.configurations.find(c => c.id === validationConfigurationId);
diff --git a/frontend/src/basic/modal/skills/InputMap.vue b/frontend/src/basic/modal/skills/InputMap.vue
index b594452d7..8d18a6510 100644
--- a/frontend/src/basic/modal/skills/InputMap.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/basic/modal/skills/InputMap.vue
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <template>
   <div v-if="skillName" class="input-map mb-3">
-    <h6 class="text-secondary">Input Mapping</h6>
+    <h6 class="text-secondary">{{ $t('nlp.inputMap.inputMapping') }}</h6>
     <div
         v-for="input in skillInputs"
         :key="input"
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
       />
     </div>
 
-    <h6 class="text-secondary mt-4">Output Mapping</h6>
+    <h6 class="text-secondary mt-4">{{ $t('nlp.inputMap.outputMapping') }}</h6>
     <div
         v-for="output in skillOutputs"
         :key="output"
@@ -42,7 +42,6 @@
  */
 import FormSelect from "@/basic/form/Select.vue";
 import deepEqual from "deep-equal";
-
 export default {
   name: "InputMap",
   components: {FormSelect},
@@ -136,7 +135,9 @@ export default {
           .filter(entry => entry.type === 0 && entry.hideInFrontend === false)
           .map(entry => ({
             value: `config_${entry.id}`,
-            name: `<Configuration> ${entry.name}`,
+            name: this.$t('nlp.inputMap.sources.configuration', {
+              name: entry.name,
+            }),
             requiresTableSelection: false,
             configurationId: entry.id,
             table: "configuration",
@@ -184,18 +185,17 @@ export default {
     applySkillsDataSources() {
       const sources = [...this.configurationSources];
 
-      // Always add document/submission
       sources.unshift(
           {
             value: "document",
-            name: "<Documents>",
+            name: this.$t('nlp.inputMap.sources.documents'),
             requiresTableSelection: true,
             type: "document",
             table: "document",
           },
           {
             value: "submission",
-            name: "<Submissions>",
+            name: this.$t('nlp.inputMap.sources.submissions'),
             requiresTableSelection: true,
             type: "submission",
             table: "submission",
@@ -210,14 +210,14 @@ export default {
         const sources = [
           {
             value: "document",
-            name: "<Documents>",
+            name: this.$t('nlp.inputMap.sources.documents'),
             requiresTableSelection: true,
             table: "document",
             type: "document",
           },
           {
             value: "submission",
-            name: "<Submissions>",
+            name: this.$t('nlp.inputMap.sources.submissions'),
             requiresTableSelection: true,
             table: "submission",
             type: "submission",
@@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ export default {
       const sources = [
         {
           value: 'saveInDocumentData',
-          name: 'Save in Document Data',
+          name: this.$t('nlp.inputMap.saveInDocumentData'),
           type: 'documentData',
         }
       ];
@@ -255,7 +255,7 @@ export default {
       if (workflow?.stepType === 2) {
         sources.push({
           value: 'insertIntoEditor',
-          name: 'Insert into Editor',
+          name: this.$t('nlp.inputMap.insertIntoEditor'),
           type: 'editor',
         });
       }
@@ -320,22 +320,22 @@ export default {
     appendResolvedDocSources(sources, stepIndex) {
       if (!this.resolvedSourceDocument) return;
       const doc = this.resolvedSourceDocument;
-      const docName = doc && doc.name ? doc.name : `Document ${doc.id}`;
+      const docName = doc && doc.name ? doc.name : this.$t('nlp.inputMap.sources.documentFallback', { id: doc.id });
       sources.push(
           {
             value: `document_${doc.id}`,
             documentId: doc.id,
-            name: `<Document> ${docName}`,
+            name: this.$t('nlp.inputMap.sources.document', { name: docName }),
             type: "document",
             table: "document",
             stepIndex: stepIndex,
           });
       this.resolvedSubmissionDocs.forEach(d => {
-        const name = d && d.name ? d.name : `Document ${d.id}`;
+        const name = d && d.name ? d.name : this.$t('nlp.inputMap.sources.documentFallback', { id: d.id });
         sources.push(
             {
               value: `submission_${d.id}`,
-              name: `<Submission> ${name}`,
+              name: this.$t('nlp.inputMap.sources.submissionWithName', { name }),
               stepIndex: stepIndex,
               type: "submission",
               table: "submission"
@@ -346,13 +346,8 @@ export default {
       this.isUpdatingFromWithin = true;
 
       if (source && source.requiresTableSelection) {
-        // Clear any other inputs that currently use a table-based source
         Object.keys(this.inputMappings).forEach(paramName => {
-          if (
-              paramName !== input &&
-              this.inputMappings[paramName] &&
-              this.inputMappings[paramName].requiresTableSelection
-          ) {
+          if (paramName !== input && this.inputMappings[paramName] && this.inputMappings[paramName].requiresTableSelection) {
             this.inputMappings[paramName] = null;
           }
         });
@@ -372,7 +367,7 @@ export default {
         this.isUpdatingFromWithin = false;
       });
     },
-
+    
     updateOutputMapping(output, source) {
       this.isUpdatingFromWithin = true;
 
@@ -401,7 +396,7 @@ export default {
             if (this.isTemplateMode) {
               sources.push({
                 value: 'template_submission',
-                name: `<Submission>`,
+                name: this.$t('nlp.inputMap.sources.submission'),
                 type: 'submission',
                 table: 'submission',
                 stepIndex: stepIndex,
@@ -416,14 +411,14 @@ export default {
               sources.push(
                   {
                     value: "annotator_annotation_step" + stepIndex,
-                    name: `<Annotator> Annotations (Workflow Step ${stepIndex + 1})`,
+                    name: this.$t('nlp.inputMap.sources.annotatorAnnotations', { step: stepIndex + 1 }),
                     stepIndex: stepIndex,
                     key: 'annotations',
                     type: 'annotator',
                   },
                   {
                     value: "annotator_comments_step" + stepIndex,
-                    name: `<Annotator> Comments (Workflow Step ${stepIndex + 1})`,
+                    name: this.$t('nlp.inputMap.sources.annotatorComments', { step: stepIndex + 1 }),
                     stepIndex: stepIndex,
                     key: 'comments',
                     type: 'annotator',
@@ -438,14 +433,14 @@ export default {
               sources.push(
                   {
                     value: "editor_firstVersion_step" + stepIndex,
-                    name: `<Editor> First Version (Workflow Step ${stepIndex + 1})`,
+                    name: this.$t('nlp.inputMap.sources.editorFirstVersion', { step: stepIndex + 1 }),
                     stepIndex: stepIndex,
                     key: 'firstVersion',
                     type: 'editor',
                   },
                   {
                     value: "editor_currentVersion_step" + stepIndex,
-                    name: `<Editor> Current Version (Workflow Step ${stepIndex + 1})`,
+                    name: this.$t('nlp.inputMap.sources.editorCurrentVersion', { step: stepIndex + 1 }),
                     stepIndex: stepIndex,
                     key: 'currentVersion',
                     type: 'editor',
@@ -486,7 +481,7 @@ export default {
 
       sources.push({
         value: `assessment_step${currentWorkflowStepIndex}`,
-        name: `<Assessment> Results (Workflow Step ${currentWorkflowStepIndex + 1})`,
+        name: this.$t('nlp.inputMap.sources.assessmentResults', { step: currentWorkflowStepIndex + 1 }),
         type: 'assessment',
         configurationField: configField.key,
         stepIndex: currentWorkflowStepIndex,
@@ -521,7 +516,12 @@ export default {
           Object.keys(outputData).forEach((outputKey) => {
             sources.push({
               value: `service_${service.name}_${outputKey}_step${currentWorkflowStepIndex}`,
-              name: `<Service ${service.name}> ${skillName}_${outputKey} (Workflow Step ${currentWorkflowStepIndex + 1})`,
+              name: this.$t('nlp.inputMap.sources.serviceOutput', {
+                service: service.name,
+                skill: skillName,
+                output: outputKey,
+                step: currentWorkflowStepIndex + 1
+              }),
               type: 'service',
               serviceName: service.name,
               skillName,
@@ -535,8 +535,7 @@ export default {
       return sources;
     },
   }
-}
-;
+};
 </script>
 
 <style scoped>
diff --git a/frontend/src/basic/modal/skills/SkillSelector.vue b/frontend/src/basic/modal/skills/SkillSelector.vue
index d732e07c5..003faf09d 100644
--- a/frontend/src/basic/modal/skills/SkillSelector.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/basic/modal/skills/SkillSelector.vue
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 <template>
   <div class="skill-selector">
     <div class="mb-3">
-      <label class="form-label">Select NLP Skill:</label>
+      <label class="form-label">{{ $t('nlp.skillSelector.selectNlpSkill') }}</label>
       <FormSelect
         :model-value="modelValue"
         :options="skillOptions"
diff --git a/frontend/src/basic/navigation/Topbar.vue b/frontend/src/basic/navigation/Topbar.vue
index c4889116e..44dd9e371 100644
--- a/frontend/src/basic/navigation/Topbar.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/basic/navigation/Topbar.vue
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
         <button
           id="backButton"
           class="btn"
-          title="Go back..."
+          :title="$t('navigation.topbar.goBack')"
           @click="toHome()"
         >
           <LoadIcon
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
             :height="30"
           />
         </a>
+
         <div id="topbarCustomPlaceholder"/>   
         <div id="topbarCenterPlaceholder"/> 
         <ul
@@ -45,10 +46,10 @@
             >
               <div
                 class="project-box"
-                :title="`Project: ${currentProjectName}`"
+                :title="$t('navigation.topbar.projectTitle', { name: currentProjectName })"
                 @click.stop="toggleProjectDropdown"
               >
-                <span class="project-text">Project: {{ currentProjectName }}</span>
+                <span class="project-text">{{ $t('navigation.topbar.projectTitle', { name: currentProjectName }) }}</span>
               </div>
               <div
                 v-if="showProjectDropdown"
@@ -88,35 +89,34 @@
                 class="dropdown-menu dropdown-menu-right"
               >
                 <a class="dropdown-item display-username">
-                  Signed in as {{ username }}
+                  {{ $t('navigation.topbar.signedInAs', { username }) }}
                 </a>
-                <a 
+                <a
                   class="dropdown-item"
                   href="#"
-                  @click="$refs.twoFactorSettingsModal.open()"
+                  @click="$refs.preferencesModal.open()"
                 >
-                  Configure 2FA
+                  {{ $t('auth.preferences.title') }}
                 </a>
                 <a 
-                  v-if="consentEnabled"
                   class="dropdown-item"
                   href="#"
-                  @click="$refs.consentModal.open()"
+                  @click="$refs.twoFactorSettingsModal.open()"
                 >
-                  Update consent
+                  {{ $t('auth.twoFactor.configure') }}
                 </a>
                 <a 
                   class="dropdown-item"
                   href="#"
                   @click="$refs.passwordModal.open(userId)"
                 >
-                  Change password
+                  {{ $t('auth.changePassword') }}
                 </a>
                 <a
                   class="dropdown-item"
                   href="#"
                   @click="logout()"
-                >Logout</a>
+                >{{ $t('auth.logout') }}</a>
               </div>
             </div>
           </li>
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@
     </nav>
   </div>
   <PasswordModal ref="passwordModal" />
-  <ConsentUpdateModal ref="consentModal" />
+  <PreferencesModal ref="preferencesModal" />
   <TwoFactorSettingsModal ref="twoFactorSettingsModal" />
 </template>
 
@@ -145,12 +145,12 @@ import LogoSvg from "@/basic/icon/LogoSvg.vue";
 import axios from "axios";
 import getServerURL from "@/assets/serverUrl";
 import PasswordModal from "@/basic/modal/PasswordModal.vue";
-import ConsentUpdateModal from "@/basic/modal/ConsentUpdateModal.vue";
+import PreferencesModal from "@/basic/modal/PreferencesModal.vue";
 import TwoFactorSettingsModal from "@/auth/TwoFactorSettingsModal.vue";
 
 export default {
   name: "TopBar",
-  components: {LoadIcon, LogoSvg, PasswordModal, ConsentUpdateModal, TwoFactorSettingsModal},
+  components: {LoadIcon, LogoSvg, PasswordModal, PreferencesModal, TwoFactorSettingsModal},
   data() {
     return {
       showProjectDropdown: false,
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ export default {
   }],
   computed: {
     allProjects() {
-    return this.$store.getters["table/project/getAll"] || [];
+      return this.$store.getters["table/project/getAll"] || [];
     },
     isProjectButtonHidden() {
       return this.$store.getters["settings/getValue"]("topBar.projects.hideProjectButton") === "true"
@@ -173,7 +173,11 @@ export default {
       return this.$store.getters["settings/getValueAsInt"]("projects.default");
     },
     currentProjectName() {
-      return this.$store.getters["table/project/get"](this.currentProject)?.name;
+      const project = this.$store.getters["table/project/get"](this.currentProject);
+      if (!project) {
+        return "";
+      }
+      return project.name;
     },
     username() {
       return this.$store.getters['auth/getUsername'];
@@ -184,9 +188,6 @@ export default {
     userId() {
       return this.$store.getters["auth/getUserId"];
     },
-    consentEnabled() {
-      return this.$store.getters["settings/getValue"]("app.config.consent.enabled") === "true";
-    },
   },
   mounted() {
     this.$refs.topbar.addEventListener('click', this.handleClickOutside);
diff --git a/frontend/src/basic/service/NLPService.vue b/frontend/src/basic/service/NLPService.vue
index bb24daaaa..993bf917d 100644
--- a/frontend/src/basic/service/NLPService.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/basic/service/NLPService.vue
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
     <span v-if="type === 'button'">
       <button
         v-if="requestId === null"
-        :title="nlpAvailable ? title : `${title} not available`"
+        :title="nlpAvailable ? title : $t('nlp.notAvailable', { name: title })"
         class="btn btn-sm"
         data-placement="top"
         data-toggle="tooltip"
@@ -146,8 +146,8 @@ export default {
       setTimeout(() => {
         if (this.requestId) {
           this.eventBus.emit('toast', {
-            title: "NLP Service Request",
-            message: "Timeout in request for skill " + this.skill + " - Request failed!",
+            title: this.$t('nlp.serviceRequest'),
+            message: this.$t('errors.nlp.timeout', { skill: this.skill }),
             variant: "danger"
           });
           this.requestId = null;
diff --git a/frontend/src/basic/service/NlpRequest.vue b/frontend/src/basic/service/NlpRequest.vue
index dc41c79c2..a967d74d2 100644
--- a/frontend/src/basic/service/NlpRequest.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/basic/service/NlpRequest.vue
@@ -175,8 +175,10 @@ export default {
       this.timeoutId = setTimeout(() => {
         if (this.status === 'pending') {
           this.eventBus.emit('toast', {
-            title: "NLP Service Request",
-            message: "Timeout in request for skill: " + this.skill,
+            title: this.$t('nlp.request.title'),
+            message: this.$t('nlp.request.timeout', { 
+              skill: this.skill 
+            }),
             variant: "danger"
           });
           this.status = 'timeout';
diff --git a/frontend/src/basic/table/Pagination.vue b/frontend/src/basic/table/Pagination.vue
index e620db433..fb5e77c8e 100644
--- a/frontend/src/basic/table/Pagination.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/basic/table/Pagination.vue
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
         <div class="input-group">
           <span
             class="input-group-text"
-            title="Items per page">
+            :title="$t('common.itemsPerPage')">
             <LoadIcon icon-name="list-ul"/>
           </span>
           <select
@@ -28,12 +28,12 @@
             >
               {{ item }}
             </option>
-            <option :value="0">All</option>
+            <option :value="0">{{ $t('common.all') }}</option>
           </select>
         </div>
       </div>
       <div class="col-md-auto">
-        <nav aria-label="Pagination">
+        <nav :aria-label="$t('common.pagination')">
           <ul class="pagination mb-0">
             <!-- First Page Link -->
             <li
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@
                 :disabled="currentPage === 1"
                 @click="changePage(1)"
               >
-                First
+                {{ $t('common.first') }}
               </button>
             </li>
             <!-- Previous Page Link -->
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@
                 :disabled="currentPage === pages"
                 @click="changePage(pages)"
               >
-                Last
+                {{ $t('common.last') }}
               </button>
             </li>
           </ul>
@@ -189,13 +189,21 @@ export default {
 
       // Handle "All" items case
       if (this.itemsPerPageSelect === 0) {
-        return `Showing 1-${this.totalItems} of ${this.totalItems}`;
+        return this.$t('common.paginationRange', {
+          start: 1,
+          end: this.totalItems,
+          total: this.totalItems,
+        });
       }
 
       const startItem = (this.currentPage - 1) * this.itemsPerPageSelect + 1;
       const endItem = Math.min(this.currentPage * this.itemsPerPageSelect, this.totalItems);
 
-      return `Showing ${startItem}-${endItem} of ${this.totalItems}`;
+      return this.$t('common.paginationRange', {
+        start: startItem,
+        end: endItem,
+        total: this.totalItems,
+      });
     },
   },
   watch: {
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/Document.vue b/frontend/src/components/Document.vue
index a1bd5140e..13302e207 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/Document.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/Document.vue
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
       <p class="text-muted mb-4">{{ documentError.message }}</p>
       <div class="d-flex gap-3 justify-content-center">
         <router-link to="/" class="btn btn-primary">
-          <i class="bi bi-house me-2"></i>Go to Dashboard
+          <i class="bi bi-house me-2"></i>{{ $t('components.errors.goToDashboard') }}
         </router-link>
       </div>
     </div>
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@
 import Annotator from "./annotator/Annotator.vue";
 import Loader from "@/basic/Loading.vue";
 import Editor from "@/components/editor/Editor.vue"
+import { resolveApiMessage } from "@/assets/utils";
 
 export default {
   name: "DocumentRoute",
@@ -82,15 +83,15 @@ export default {
      */
     setDocumentError(message, errorCode) {
       const titleMap = {
-        'DOCUMENT_NOT_FOUND': 'Document Not Found',
-        'ACCESS_DENIED': 'Access Denied',
-        'FILE_MISSING': 'File Not Available',
+        'DOCUMENT_NOT_FOUND': this.$t('components.errors.documentNotFoundTitle'),
+        'ACCESS_DENIED': this.$t('components.errors.accessDeniedTitle'),
+        'FILE_MISSING': this.$t('components.errors.fileMissingTitle'),
       };
 
       // Use predefined message if error code exists
       this.documentError = {
-        title: titleMap[errorCode] || 'Document Error',
-        message: message || 'An unexpected error occurred.'
+        title: titleMap[errorCode] || this.$t('components.errors.documentErrorTitle'),
+        message: message ? resolveApiMessage({ success: false, message }) : this.$t('components.errors.unexpectedError')
       };
 
       // Also emit toast for immediate feedback
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/Study.vue b/frontend/src/components/Study.vue
index 0950fb80d..f923c3bb7 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/Study.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/Study.vue
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
       <p class="text-muted mb-4">{{ studyError.message }}</p>
       <div class="d-flex gap-3 justify-content-center">
         <router-link to="/" class="btn btn-primary">
-          <i class="bi bi-house me-2"></i>Go to Dashboard
+          <i class="bi bi-house me-2"></i>{{ $t('components.studyRoute.errors.goToDashboard') }}
         </router-link>
       </div>
     </div>
@@ -33,12 +33,12 @@
   <Teleport to="#topbarCenterPlaceholder">
     <div
         v-show="readOnlyComputed"
-        title="Read-only"
+        :title="$t('common.readOnly')"
     >
       <span
           :style="{ color: '#800000', fontWeight: 'bold' }"
       >
-        Read-only
+        {{ $t('common.readOnly') }}
       </span>
       <LoadIcon
           :size="22"
@@ -59,10 +59,10 @@
           currentStudyStep.studyStepPrevious !== null
         "
           class="btn btn-outline-primary me-3"
-          title="Previous"
+          :title="$t('common.previous')"
           @click="updateStep(currentStudyStep.studyStepPrevious)"
       >
-        Previous
+        {{ $t('common.previous') }}
       </TopBarButton>
 
       <TopBarButton
@@ -76,20 +76,20 @@
         "
           class="btn btn-outline-secondary mx-3"
           :disabled="!isCurrentStepReady"
-          :title="studySession.end ? 'Finish Study Again' : 'Finish Study'"
+          :title="studySession.end ? $t('studies.finishStudyAgain') : $t('studies.finishStudy')"
           @click="finish()"
       >
-        {{ studySession.end ? "Finish Study Again" : "Finish Study" }}
+        {{ studySession.end ? $t('studies.finishStudyAgain') : $t('studies.finishStudy') }}
       </TopBarButton>
 
       <TopBarButton
           v-if="currentStudyStep && lastStep && currentStudyStep.id !== lastStep.id"
           :disabled="!isCurrentStepReady || (readOnlyComputed && !studyTrajectory.includes(nextStudyStep.id))"
           class="btn btn-outline-primary ms-3"
-          title="Next"
+          :title="$t('common.next')"
           @click="next()"
       >
-        Next
+        {{ $t('common.next') }}
       </TopBarButton>
 
       <TopBarButton
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@
         <span
             :class="{ 'text-danger': timeLeft < 5 * 60 }"
             class="middle"
-        ><b>Time Left:</b> {{ timeLeftHuman }}</span
+        ><b>{{ $t('studies.timeLeft') }}:</b> {{ timeLeftHuman }}</span
         >
       </TopBarButton>
     </div>
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@
                 @update:data="updateStudyData(step.id, 'annotator', $event)"
             >
               <template v-if="step.configuration?.settings?.configurationId" #additionalSidebars>
-                <SidebarTemplate icon="list-check" title="Assessment">
+                <SidebarTemplate icon="list-check" :title="$t('assessment.title')">
                   <template #content>
                     <Assessment
                         :config="step.configuration"
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@
                 @update:data="updateStudyData(step.id, 'editor', $event)"
             >
               <template v-if="step.configuration?.settings?.configurationId" #additionalSidebars>
-                <SidebarTemplate icon="list-check" title="Assessment">
+                <SidebarTemplate icon="list-check" :title="$t('assessment.title')">
                   <template #content>
                     <Assessment
                         :config="step.configuration"
@@ -213,6 +213,7 @@ import StepModal from "./stepmodal/StepModal.vue";
 import Assessment from "@/components/study/Assessment.vue";
 import SidebarTemplate from "@/basic/sidebar/SidebarTemplate.vue";
 import LoadingModal from "@/components/study/LoadingModal.vue";
+import { resolveApiMessage } from "@/assets/utils";
 
 export default {
   name: "StudyRoute",
@@ -384,9 +385,9 @@ export default {
     },
     timeLeftHuman() {
       if (this.timeLeft < 60) {
-        return Math.round(this.timeLeft) + "s";
+        return this.$t('common.time.seconds', { sec: Math.round(this.timeLeft) });
       }
-      return "<" + Math.ceil(this.timeLeft / 60) + "min";
+      return this.$t('common.time.lessThanMinutes', { min: Math.ceil(this.timeLeft / 60) });
     },
     currentStudyStep() {
       return this.currentStudyStepId ? this.$store.getters["table/study_step/get"](this.currentStudyStepId) : null;
@@ -471,15 +472,15 @@ export default {
   methods: {
     setStudyError(message, errorCode) {
       const titleMap = {
-        NOT_FOUND: 'Study Not Found',
-        ACCESS_DENIED: 'Access Denied',
-        FILE_MISSING: 'Files Not Available',
-        DOCUMENT_NOT_FOUND: 'Document Not Found',
+        NOT_FOUND: this.$t('components.studyRoute.errors.studyNotFoundTitle'),
+        ACCESS_DENIED: this.$t('components.studyRoute.errors.accessDeniedTitle'),
+        FILE_MISSING: this.$t('components.studyRoute.errors.filesMissingTitle'),
+        DOCUMENT_NOT_FOUND: this.$t('components.studyRoute.errors.documentNotFoundTitle'),
       };
 
       this.studyError = {
-        title: titleMap[errorCode] || 'Access Error!',
-        message: message || 'An unexpected error occurred.'
+        title: titleMap[errorCode] || this.$t('errors.permission.accessError'),
+        message: message ? resolveApiMessage({ success: false, message }) : this.$t('components.studyRoute.errors.unexpectedError')
       };
     },
     updateStudyData(stepId, data_type, data) {
@@ -538,8 +539,8 @@ export default {
       } else {
         if (this.foreignUnstartedSession) {
           this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-            title: "Access Error!",
-            message: "This study session has not been started yet and belongs to another user.",
+            title: this.$t('errors.permission.accessError'),
+            message: this.$t('components.studyRoute.errors.foreignUnstartedSession'),
             variant: "danger",
           });
           this.$router.push("/");
@@ -576,14 +577,14 @@ export default {
           (result) => {
             if (result.success) {
               this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-                title: "Study Session finished",
-                message: "Study session has been finished",
+                title: this.$t('studies.messages.sessionFinished'),
+                message: this.$t('studies.messages.sessionFinishedMessage'),
                 variant: "success",
               });
             } else {
               this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-                title: "Study Session not finished",
-                message: result.message,
+                title: this.$t('errors.studies.sessionNotFinished'),
+                message: resolveApiMessage(result),
                 variant: "danger",
               });
             }
@@ -595,8 +596,8 @@ export default {
       // Prevent finishing if study is closed
       if (this.studyClosed) {
         this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-          title: "Cannot finish session",
-          message: "The study has been closed. Sessions are automatically terminated when a study is closed.",
+          title: this.$t('studies.messages.cannotFinishSession'),
+          message: this.$t('studies.messages.studyClosedAutoTerminated'),
           variant: "warning",
         });
         return;
@@ -635,8 +636,8 @@ export default {
             (result) => {
               if (!result.success) {
                 this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-                  title: "Study Step update failed",
-                  message: result.message,
+                  title: this.$t('errors.studies.stepUpdateFailed'),
+                  message: resolveApiMessage(result),
                   variant: "danger",
                 });
               }
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/StudySession.vue b/frontend/src/components/StudySession.vue
index ca41e9480..7134f1899 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/StudySession.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/StudySession.vue
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 </template>
 
 <script>
+import { resolveApiMessage } from "@/assets/utils";
 import Study from "./Study.vue";
 import Loader from "@/basic/Loading.vue"
 
@@ -36,7 +37,7 @@ export default {
     studySessionError: function (data) {
       if (data.studySessionHash === this.studySessionHash) {
         this.eventBus.emit('toast', {
-          title: "Study Session Error",
+          title: this.$t("studies.messages.studySessionErrorTitle"),
           message: data.message,
           variant: "danger"
         });
@@ -76,8 +77,8 @@ export default {
       (response) => {
         if (!response.success) {
           this.eventBus.emit('toast', {
-            title: "Access Error!",
-            message: response.message,
+            title: this.$t("errors.permission.accessError"),
+            message: resolveApiMessage(response),
             variant: "danger"
           });
           this.$router.push("/");
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/Template.vue b/frontend/src/components/Template.vue
index f6db81c7f..6735e3fab 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/Template.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/Template.vue
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
   
   import Loader from "@/basic/Loading.vue";
   import Editor from "@/components/editor/Editor.vue"
+  import { resolveApiMessage } from "@/assets/utils";
   
   export default {
     name: "TemplateRoute",
@@ -50,8 +51,8 @@
             return;
           }
           const confirmMessage = [
-            "This template is missing required placeholders, so your changes will not be saved.",
-            res?.message || "",
+            this.$t("templates.editor.leave.missingPlaceholdersConfirm"),
+            resolveApiMessage(res),
           ].filter(Boolean).join("\n\n");
           if (!window.confirm(confirmMessage)) {
             next(false);
@@ -60,8 +61,8 @@
           const discardRes = await templateEditor.requestDiscard();
           if (!discardRes || !discardRes.success) {
             this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-              title: "Could not discard template changes",
-              message: discardRes?.message || "",
+              title: this.$t("templates.editor.toasts.templateDiscardFailed"),
+              message: resolveApiMessage(discardRes),
               variant: "danger",
             });
             next(false);
@@ -115,8 +116,8 @@
       templateError: function (data) {
         if (data.templateId === this.templateIdNum) {
           this.eventBus.emit('toast', {
-            title: "Template Error",
-            message: data.message,
+            title: this.$t("templates.editor.toasts.templateError"),
+            message: resolveApiMessage(data),
             variant: "danger"
           });
           this.$router.push("/dashboard/templates");
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/annotator/Annotator.vue b/frontend/src/components/annotator/Annotator.vue
index cf255fa94..c903cd5fa 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/annotator/Annotator.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/annotator/Annotator.vue
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@
             @sidebar-action="handleButtonAction"
         >
           <template #annotations>
-            <SidebarTemplate icon="pencil-square" title="Annotations" :buttons="sidebarButtons">
+            <SidebarTemplate icon="pencil-square" :title="$t('annotator.annotations')" :buttons="sidebarButtons">
               <template #content>
                 <AnnotationSidebar
                   ref="sidebar"
@@ -56,28 +56,28 @@
             v-if="review"
             class="btn btn-outline-success me-2"
             @click="$refs.reviewSubmit.open()"
-        >Submit Review
+        >{{ $t('annotator.submitReview') }}
         </TopBarButton>
         <TopBarButton
             v-if="approve"
             class="btn btn-outline-dark me-2"
             @click="$refs.report.open()"
         >
-          Report
+          {{ $t('annotator.report') }}
         </TopBarButton>
         <TopBarButton
             v-if="approve"
             class="btn btn-outline-success me-2"
             @click="decisionSubmit(true)"
         >
-          Accept
+          {{ $t('annotator.accept') }}
         </TopBarButton>
         <TopBarButton
             v-if="approve"
             class="btn btn-outline-danger me-2"
             @click="decisionSubmit(false)"
         >
-          Reject
+          {{ $t('annotator.reject') }}
         </TopBarButton>
       </form>
     </Teleport>
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ import {mapMutations} from "vuex";
 import {computed} from "vue";
 import TopBarButton from "@/basic/navigation/TopBarButton.vue";
 import {mergeAnnotationsAndComments} from "@/assets/data";
-import {downloadObjectsAs} from "@/assets/utils";
+import {downloadObjectsAs, resolveApiMessage} from "@/assets/utils";
 import SidebarTemplate from "@/basic/sidebar/SidebarTemplate.vue";
 
 export default {
@@ -307,7 +307,7 @@ export default {
         buttons.push({
           id: 'toggle-study-comments',
           icon: this.showAll ? 'eye-fill' : 'eye-slash-fill',
-          title: this.showAll ? 'Hide study comments' : 'Show study comments',
+          title: this.showAll ? this.$t('annotator.hideStudyComments') : this.$t('annotator.showStudyComments'),
           action: 'toggleStudyComments'
         });
       }
@@ -317,7 +317,7 @@ export default {
         buttons.push({
           id: 'toggle-nlp',
           icon: 'robot',
-          title: this.nlpActive ? 'Deactivate NLP support' : 'Activate NLP support',
+          title: this.nlpActive ? this.$t('annotator.deactivateNlpSupport') : this.$t('annotator.activateNlpSupport'),
           color: this.nlpActive ? '#097969' : '#777777',
           action: 'toggleNlp'
         });
@@ -331,7 +331,7 @@ export default {
         buttons.push({
           id: 'download-annotations',
           icon: 'download',
-          title: 'Download Annotations',
+          title: this.$t('annotator.downloadAnnotations'),
           disabled: !canDownload,
           action: 'downloadAnnotations'
         });
@@ -625,8 +625,8 @@ export default {
       this.$socket.emit("documentSubscribe", {documentId: this.documentId}, (res) => {
         if (!res.success) {
           this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-            title: "Document subscribe error",
-            message: res.message,
+            title: this.$t('annotator.documentSubscribeError'),
+            message: resolveApiMessage(res),
             variant: "danger",
           });
         }
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/annotator/pdfViewer/Adder.vue b/frontend/src/components/annotator/pdfViewer/Adder.vue
index fa2947398..171f0c0c2 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/annotator/pdfViewer/Adder.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/annotator/pdfViewer/Adder.vue
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
       <input
         v-model="searchTerm"
         type="text"
-        placeholder="Search tags"
+        :placeholder="$t('annotator.searchTags')"
         class="form-control"
         @mouseup.stop
       />
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@
       v-if="shouldShowExtender"
       class="expand-btn"
       icon="three-dots"
-      tooltip="Expand Adder"
+      :title="$t('annotator.expandAdder')"
       @click="isExtended=true"
     />
   </div>
@@ -57,6 +57,7 @@
  */
 import {TextPosition, TextRange} from "@/assets/anchoring/text-range";
 import {TextQuoteAnchor} from '@/assets/anchoring/types';
+import { resolveApiMessage } from "@/assets/utils";
 import BasicButton from "@/basic/Button.vue";
 
 export default {
@@ -331,8 +332,8 @@ export default {
       }, (res) => {
         if (!res.success) {
           this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-            title: "Annotation Update Failed",
-            message: res.message,
+            title: this.$t('errors.annotator.annotationUpdateFailed'),
+            message: resolveApiMessage(res),
             variant: "danger",
           });
         }
@@ -344,8 +345,8 @@ export default {
     async _onSelection(event) {
       if (this.assignableTags.length === 0) {
         this.eventBus.emit('toast', {
-          title: "Empty Tagset",
-          message: "No tagset or an empty tagset have been selected. Cannot make annotations.",
+          title: this.$t('errors.tags.emptyTagset.title'),
+          message: this.$t('errors.tags.emptyTagset.message'),
           variant: "danger"
         });
 
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/annotator/pdfViewer/PDFPage.vue b/frontend/src/components/annotator/pdfViewer/PDFPage.vue
index 852e55049..220b89db1 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/annotator/pdfViewer/PDFPage.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/annotator/pdfViewer/PDFPage.vue
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
       >
         <Loader
           :loading="!isRendered"
-          :text="'Loading Page ' + pageNumber"
+          :text="$t('annotator.pdfPage.loadingPage', { pageNumber })"
           class="pageLoader"
         />
 
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/annotator/pdfViewer/PDFToolbar.vue b/frontend/src/components/annotator/pdfViewer/PDFToolbar.vue
index 8bb797c33..0b65a2099 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/annotator/pdfViewer/PDFToolbar.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/annotator/pdfViewer/PDFToolbar.vue
@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@
   >  
     <template v-if="toolbarVisible">       
       <TopBarButton
-        title="Reset"
-        text="Reset"
+        :title="$t('common.reset')"
+        :text="$t('common.reset')"
         :disabled="isZooming"
         @click="$emit('reset')"
       />      
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@
     <BasicButton
       class="toolbar-toggle-btn"
       :icon="toolbarVisible ? 'chevron-right' : 'tools'"
-      tooltip="toolbarVisible ? 'Minimize Toolbar' : 'Show Toolbar'"
+      :title="toolbarVisible ? $t('components.pdftoolbar.minToolbar') : $t('components.pdftoolbar.showToolbar')"
       @click="toggleToolbar"
     />
   </div>
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/annotator/pdfViewer/PDFViewer.vue b/frontend/src/components/annotator/pdfViewer/PDFViewer.vue
index 8714965b9..ead1a73f4 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/annotator/pdfViewer/PDFViewer.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/annotator/pdfViewer/PDFViewer.vue
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
       @update-visibility="updateVisibility"
     />
     <Adder v-if="!readOnly && !componentReadOnly"/>
-         </div>
+  </div>
 </template>
 
 <script>
@@ -172,15 +172,15 @@ export default {
             })
             .catch(_response => {
               this.eventBus.emit('toast', {
-                title: "PDF Loading Error",
-                message: "Error during loading of the PDF file. Make sure the file is not corrupted and in valid PDF format.",
+                title: this.$t('errors.file.pdfLoadingError.title'),
+                message: this.$t('errors.file.pdfLoadingError.message'),
                 variant: "danger"
               });
               this.$router.push("/");
             });
         } else {
           this.eventBus.emit('toast', {
-            title: "PDF Loading Error",
+            title: this.$t('errors.file.pdfLoadingError.title'),
             message: res.message,
             variant: "danger"
           });
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/annotator/sidebar/Sidebar.vue b/frontend/src/components/annotator/sidebar/Sidebar.vue
index 718cfe386..1701e6653 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/annotator/sidebar/Sidebar.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/annotator/sidebar/Sidebar.vue
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
           <li v-for="edit in group" :key="edit.id" class="list-group-item">
             <SideCard>
               <template #header>
-                {{ edit.timeLabel }} - Created by User {{ edit.userId }}
+                {{ edit.timeLabel }} - {{ $t('annotator.createdByUser', { userId: edit.userId }) }}
               </template>
               <template #body>
                 <p>{{ edit.text }}</p>
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
               <template #footer>
                 <BasicButton
                   class="btn btn-primary btn-sm"
-                  text="Show"
+                  :text="$t('common.show')"
                   @click="handleEditClick(edit)"
                 />
               </template>
@@ -40,8 +40,8 @@
             color="#6c757d"
             class="mb-1"
           />
-          <h6 class="card-title mb-0">Read-Only Mode</h6>
-          <p class="card-text text-muted small mb-0">Annotations are view-only</p>
+          <h6 class="card-title mb-0">{{ $t('annotator.readOnlyMode') }}</h6>
+          <p class="card-text text-muted small mb-0">{{ $t('annotator.annotationsViewOnly') }}</p>
         </div>
       </div>
     </li>
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@
       <BasicButton
         class="btn btn-light"
         icon="plus-lg"
-        text="Document Note"
+        :text="$t('annotator.documentNote')"
         @click="createDocumentComment"
       />
     </li>
@@ -77,10 +77,9 @@
 import SideCard from "./card/Card.vue";
 import AnnoCard from "./card/AnnoCard.vue";
 import LoadIcon from "@/basic/Icon.vue";
+import { resolveApiMessage } from "@/assets/utils";
 import BasicButton from "@/basic/Button.vue";
 
-
-
 /** Sidebar component of the Annotator
  *
  * Here the annotations are listed and can be modified, also includes scrolling feature.
@@ -356,8 +355,8 @@ export default {
       }, (res) => {
         if (!res.success) {
           this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-            title: "Comment not updated",
-            message: res.message,
+            title: this.$t('errors.annotator.commentNotUpdated'),
+            message: resolveApiMessage(res),
             variant: "danger",
           });
         }
@@ -439,4 +438,4 @@ export default {
   background-color: transparent;
   margin-top: 8px;
 }
-</style>
+</style>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/annotator/sidebar/card/AnnoCard.vue b/frontend/src/components/annotator/sidebar/card/AnnoCard.vue
index 7c8cc25c2..2e8c24180 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/annotator/sidebar/card/AnnoCard.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/annotator/sidebar/card/AnnoCard.vue
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
         <div class="col" style="display: flex; align-items: center;">
           <div 
             v-if="!editedByMyself"
-            :title="collapsed ? 'Marked as checked - Click to uncheck' : 'Click to mark as checked'"
+            :title="collapsed ? $t('annotator.card.markedCheckedClickToUncheck') : $t('annotator.card.clickToMarkChecked')"
             style="display: inline-flex; margin-right: 8px;"
             @click.stop="handleCheckIconClick"
           >
@@ -36,10 +36,10 @@
         </div>
         <div class="col text-end">
           <span v-if="annotation">
-            {{ new Date(annotation.updatedAt).toLocaleDateString() }}
+            {{ formatLocalizedDate(annotation.updatedAt) }}
           </span>
           <span v-else>
-            {{ new Date(comment.updatedAt).toLocaleDateString() }}
+            {{ formatLocalizedDate(comment.updatedAt) }}
           </span>
         </div>
       </div>
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@
                   :loading="false"
                   :props="$props"
                   icon="x-square-fill"
-                  title="Cancel"
+                  :title="$t('common.cancel')"
                   @click="editingTag = false"
           />
         </div>
@@ -101,14 +101,14 @@
                   :loading="false"
                   :props="$props"
                   icon="floppy-fill"
-                  title="Save"
+                  :title="$t('common.save')"
                   @click="save"
               />
               <SidebarButton
                   :loading="false"
                   :props="$props"
                   icon="x-square-fill"
-                  title="Cancel"
+                  :title="$t('common.cancel')"
                   @click="cancel"
               />
             </div>
@@ -123,8 +123,8 @@
                   class="btn btn-light btn-sm"
                   data-placement="top"
                   data-toggle="tooltip"
-                  title="Reply"
-                  :text="`${showReplies ? 'Hide' : 'Show'} Replies (${numberReplies})`"
+                  :title="$t('common.reply')"
+                  :text="`${showReplies ? $t('common.hide') : $t('common.show')} ${$t('annotator.replies')} (${numberReplies})`"
                   @click="showReplies = !showReplies; maxComments = defaultNumComments"
               />
             </div>
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@
                   :loading="false"
                   :props="$props"
                   icon="reply-fill"
-                  title="Reply"
+                  :title="$t('common.reply')"
                   @click="$refs.main_comment.reply();maxComments = numChildComments+1; showReplies = true"
               />
               <NLPService
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@
                   :data="summarizationRequestData"
                   :skill="summarizationSkillName"
                   icon-name="file-text"
-                  title="Summarize"
+                  :title="$t('common.summarize')"
                   type="button"
                   @response="summarizeResponse"
               />
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@
                   :loading="false"
                   :props="$props"
                   icon="pencil-square"
-                  title="Edit"
+                  :title="$t('common.edit')"
                   @click="edit"
               />
               <SidebarButton
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@
                 :loading="false"
                 :props="$props"
                 icon="tag"
-                title="Edit main tag"
+                :title="$t('tags.editMainTag')"
                 @click="toggleEditTag"
             />
               <SidebarButton
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@
                   :loading="false"
                   :props="$props"
                   icon="trash3"
-                  title="Delete"
+                  :title="$t('common.delete')"
                   @click="remove"
               />
             </div>
@@ -196,19 +196,19 @@
             <BasicButton
             v-if="showExtenderButton"
             class="btn btn-light btn-sm"
-            text="Show more"
+            :text="$t('common.showMore')"
             @click="maxComments+=5"
             />
             <BasicButton
             v-if="!showExtenderButton && numChildComments > defaultNumComments"
             class="btn btn-light btn-sm"
-            text="Show less"
+            :text="$t('common.showLess')"
             @click="maxComments=defaultNumComments"
             />
             <BasicButton
             v-if="maxComments > defaultNumComments"
             class="btn btn-light btn-sm"
-            text="Hide replies"
+            :text="$t('common.hideReplies')"
             @click="maxComments=defaultNumComments; showReplies = !showReplies"
             />
           </div>
@@ -226,6 +226,7 @@ import SidebarButton from "./Button.vue"
 import NLPService from "@/basic/service/NLPService.vue";
 import VoteButtons from "@/components/annotator/sidebar/card/VoteButtons.vue";
 import LoadIcon from "@/basic/Icon.vue";
+import { formatLocalizedDate, resolveApiMessage } from "@/assets/utils";
 import BasicButton from "@/basic/Button.vue";
 
 /** Annotation elements
@@ -457,6 +458,7 @@ export default {
     }
   },
   methods: {
+    formatLocalizedDate,
     getColor(tagId) {
       if (tagId) {
         const tag = this.$store.getters['table/tag/get'](tagId);
@@ -526,8 +528,8 @@ export default {
         }, (res) => {
           if (!res.success) {
             this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-              title: "Annotation Update Failed",
-              message: res.message,
+              title: this.$t('errors.annotator.annotationUpdateFailed'),
+              message: resolveApiMessage(res),
               variant: "danger",
             });
             return //to ensure we dont save the comment if the annotation update fails
@@ -549,8 +551,8 @@ export default {
           }, (result) => {
             if (!result.success) {
               this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-                title: "Annotation not retrieved",
-                message: result.message,
+                title: this.$t('errors.annotator.annotationNotRetrieved'),
+                message: resolveApiMessage(result),
                 variant: "danger",
               });
 
@@ -566,8 +568,8 @@ export default {
           }, (res) => {
             if (!res.success) {
               this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-                title: "Comments not retrieved",
-                message: res.message,
+                title: this.$t('errors.annotator.commentsNotRetrieved'),
+                message: resolveApiMessage(res),
                 variant: "danger",
               });
             }
@@ -598,8 +600,8 @@ export default {
         }, (res) => {
           if (!res.success) {
             this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-              title: "Tag Update Failed",
-              message: res.message,
+              title: this.$t('errors.tags.tagUpdateFailed'),
+              message: resolveApiMessage(res),
               variant: "danger",
             });
           }
@@ -616,8 +618,8 @@ export default {
         }, (res) => {
           if (!res.success) {
             this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-              title: "Annotation Update Failed",
-              message: res.message,
+              title: this.$t('errors.annotator.annotationUpdateFailed'),
+              message: resolveApiMessage(res),
               variant: "danger",
             });
           }
@@ -629,8 +631,8 @@ export default {
         }, (res) => {
           if (!res.success) {
             this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-              title: "Comment not updated",
-              message: res.message,
+              title: this.$t('errors.annotator.commentNotUpdated'),
+              message: resolveApiMessage(res),
               variant: "danger",
             });
           }
@@ -654,8 +656,8 @@ export default {
       }, (res) => {
         if (!res.success) {
           this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-            title: "Comment not updated",
-            message: res.message,
+            title: this.$t('errors.annotator.commentNotUpdated'),
+            message: resolveApiMessage(res),
             variant: "danger",
           });
         }
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/annotator/sidebar/card/Collaboration.vue b/frontend/src/components/annotator/sidebar/card/Collaboration.vue
index f1bb10400..0de2798a2 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/annotator/sidebar/card/Collaboration.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/annotator/sidebar/card/Collaboration.vue
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 <script>
 import {v4 as uuidv4} from "uuid";
 import LoadIcon from "@/basic/Icon.vue";
+import { resolveApiMessage } from "@/assets/utils";
 
 /**
  * Default component managing collaborations
@@ -105,8 +106,8 @@ export default {
       this.$socket.emit("collabUpdate", {collabId: this.collabId},  (res) => {
         if (!res.success) {
           this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-            title: "Collaboration Update Failed",
-            message: res.message,
+            title: this.$t('errors.collaboration.collabUpdateFailed'),
+            message: resolveApiMessage(res),
             variant: "danger",
           });
         }
@@ -123,8 +124,8 @@ export default {
         },  (res) => {
         if (!res.success) {
           this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-            title: "Could not start collaboration",
-            message: res.message,
+            title: this.$t('errors.collaboration.collabCreationFailed'),
+            message: resolveApiMessage(res),
             variant: "danger",
           });
         }
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/annotator/sidebar/card/Comment.vue b/frontend/src/components/annotator/sidebar/card/Comment.vue
index f057d3acd..1f926b4b5 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/annotator/sidebar/card/Comment.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/annotator/sidebar/card/Comment.vue
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
           />
         </div>
         <div class="col text-end">
-          {{ new Date(comment.updatedAt).toLocaleDateString() }}
+          {{ formatLocalizedDate(comment.updatedAt) }}
         </div>
       </div>
     </div>
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@
         ref="textarea"
         v-model="comment.text"
         class="form-control"
-        placeholder="Enter text..."
+        :placeholder="$t('components.comment.enterText')"
         @keydown.ctrl.enter="saveOnDeactivated(false)"
         @paste="onPaste"
       />
@@ -46,12 +46,12 @@
       {{ comment.text }}
     </div>
     <div v-else>
-      <i>No comment</i>
+      <i>{{ $t('components.comment.noComment')}}</i>
     </div>
     <div
       v-if="isSentimentAnalysisActive"
       class="text-end fw-light"
-      title="Sentiment Analysis"
+      :title="$t('components.comment.sentimentAnalysis')"
     >
       <span v-if="nlp_active && awaitingNlpResult && !edit">
         <IconLoading/>
@@ -92,14 +92,14 @@
               :loading="false"
               :props="$props"
               icon="save-fill"
-              title="Save (Ctrl+Enter)"
+              :title="$t('components.comment.saveCommand')"
               @click="save"
             />
             <SidebarButton
               :loading="false"
               :props="$props"
               icon="x-square-fill"
-              title="Cancel"
+              :title="$t('common.cancel')"
               @click="cancel"
             />
           </div>
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@
               :loading="false"
               :props="$props"
               icon="reply-fill"
-              title="Reply"
+              :title="$t('common.reply')"
               @click="reply(); maxComments = numChildComments+1"
             />
             <VoteButtons :comment="comment"/>
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@
               :loading="false"
               :props="$props"
               icon="pencil-square"
-              title="Edit"
+              :title="$t('common.edit')"
               @click="editComment"
             />
             <SidebarButton
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@
               :loading="false"
               :props="$props"
               icon="trash3"
-              title="Delete"
+              :title="$t('common.delete')"
               @click="remove"
             />
           </div>
@@ -155,19 +155,19 @@
       <BasicButton
         v-if="showExtenderButton"
         class="btn btn-light btn-sm"
-        text="Show more"
+        :text="$t('common.showMore')"
         @click="maxComments+=5"
       />
       <BasicButton
         v-if="!showExtenderButton && numChildComments > defaultNumComments"
         class="btn btn-light btn-sm"
-        text="Show less"
+        :text="$t('common.showLess')"
         @click="maxComments=defaultNumComments"
       />
       <BasicButton
         v-if="maxComments > defaultNumComments"
         class="btn btn-light btn-sm"
-        text="Hide replies"
+        :text="$t('common.hideReplies')"
         @click="maxComments=defaultNumComments; collapseComment = !collapseComment"
       />
     </div>
@@ -183,6 +183,7 @@ import LoadIcon from "@/basic/Icon.vue"
 import Collaboration from "@/components/annotator/sidebar/card/Collaboration.vue"
 import SidebarButton from "./Button.vue"
 import VoteButtons from "@/components/annotator/sidebar/card/VoteButtons.vue";
+import { formatLocalizedDate, resolveApiMessage } from "@/assets/utils";
 import BasicButton from "@/basic/Button.vue";
 
 /**
@@ -385,6 +386,7 @@ export default {
     }
   },
   methods: {
+    formatLocalizedDate,
     save() {
       if (this.commentId && this.comment) {
         this.$socket.emit('commentUpdate', {
@@ -394,8 +396,8 @@ export default {
         }, (res) => {
           if (!res.success) {
             this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-              title: "Comment not updated",
-              message: res.message,
+              title: this.$t('errors.annotator.commentNotUpdated'),
+              message: resolveApiMessage(res),
               variant: "danger",
             });
           }
@@ -428,8 +430,8 @@ export default {
         }, (res) => {
           if (!res.success) {
               this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-                title: "Comments not retrieved",
-                message: res.message,
+                title: this.$t('errors.annotator.commentsNotRetrieved'),
+                message: resolveApiMessage(res),
                 variant: "danger",
               });
             }
@@ -447,8 +449,8 @@ export default {
       }, (res) => {
         if (!res.success) {
           this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-            title: "Comment not updated",
-            message: res.message,
+            title: this.$t('errors.annotator.commentNotUpdated'),
+            message: resolveApiMessage(res),
             variant: "danger",
           });
         }
@@ -470,8 +472,8 @@ export default {
       }, (res) => {
         if (!res.success) {
           this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-            title: "Comment not updated",
-            message: res.message,
+            title: this.$t('errors.annotator.commentNotUpdated'),
+            message: resolveApiMessage(res),
             variant: "danger",
           });
         }
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/annotator/sidebar/card/TagSelector.vue b/frontend/src/components/annotator/sidebar/card/TagSelector.vue
index 0fe7679d0..f0390e410 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/annotator/sidebar/card/TagSelector.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/annotator/sidebar/card/TagSelector.vue
@@ -18,11 +18,11 @@
         selected
         value=""
       >
-        Choose a tag...
+        {{ $t('tagSelector.chooseTag') }}
       </option>
     </select>
     <div class="invalid-feedback">
-      Please select a valid tag.
+      {{ $t('tagSelector.selectTag') }}
     </div>
   </div>
   <div v-if="disabled && tags.length > 0">
@@ -86,10 +86,10 @@ export default {
     },
     placeholder() {
       if (!this.disabled) {
-        return "Add tag..."
+        return this.$t('tagSelector.addTag');
       }
       if (this.tags == null || this.tags.length === 0) {
-        return "No Tags";
+        return this.$t('tagSelector.noTags');
       }
       return "";
     },
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/annotator/sidebar/card/VoteButtons.vue b/frontend/src/components/annotator/sidebar/card/VoteButtons.vue
index 35db74009..05768cdce 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/annotator/sidebar/card/VoteButtons.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/annotator/sidebar/card/VoteButtons.vue
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
     v-if="voteEnabled && (upVotes.length >= 1 || comment.userId !== userId)"
     :loading="false"
     :props="$props"
-    title="Helpful"
+    :title="$t('components.voteButtons.helpful')"
     :disabled="comment.userId === userId"
     :badge="(upVotes.length >= 1) ? upVotes.length : false"
     :icon="(myVoteValue === 1) ? 'hand-thumbs-up-fill' : 'hand-thumbs-up'"
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
     v-if="voteEnabled && !voteOnlyUpvote && comment.userId !== userId"
     :loading="false"
     :props="$props"
-    title="Not helpful"
+    :title="$t('components.voteButtons.notHelpful')"
     :icon="(myVoteValue === -1) ? 'hand-thumbs-down-fill' : 'hand-thumbs-down'"
     @click="vote(-1)"/>
 </template>
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/common/FloatingInfoPanel.vue b/frontend/src/components/common/FloatingInfoPanel.vue
index 2c31239b5..04cb09621 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/common/FloatingInfoPanel.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/common/FloatingInfoPanel.vue
@@ -8,22 +8,22 @@
     @mouseleave="onMouseLeave"
   >
     <div class="info-panel-header">
-      <h6 class="mb-2">{{ selectedItem.name }}</h6>
+      <h6 class="mb-2">{{ translateMaybeKey(selectedItem.name) }}</h6>
     </div>
     <div class="info-panel-content">
       <div v-if="selectedItem.description" class="mb-3">
-        <strong>Description:</strong>
-        <p class="mb-0 mt-1">{{ selectedItem.description }}</p>
+        <strong>{{ $t('infoPanel.description')}}</strong>
+        <p class="mb-0 mt-1">{{ translateMaybeKey(selectedItem.description) }}</p>
       </div>
       
       <!-- Show maximum points for rubric groups only (groups have maxScore) -->
       <div v-if="selectedItem.maxScore !== undefined" class="mb-3">
-        <strong>Maximum Points:</strong>
-        <span class="badge bg-secondary ms-2">{{ selectedItem.maxScore }} P</span>
+        <strong>{{ $t('infoPanel.maxPoints')}}</strong>
+        <span class="badge bg-secondary ms-2">{{ selectedItem.maxScore }} {{ $t('infoPanel.pointsAbbreviation')}}</span>
       </div>
       
       <div v-if="selectedItem.scoring && selectedItem.scoring.length > 0">
-        <strong>Scoring Criteria:</strong>
+        <strong>{{ $t('infoPanel.scoringCriteria')}}</strong>
         <div class="scoring-list mt-2">
           <div 
             v-for="(option, index) in selectedItem.scoring" 
@@ -31,8 +31,8 @@
             class="scoring-item p-2 border rounded mb-2 border-secondary"
           >
             <div class="d-flex justify-content-between align-items-start">
-              <span class="badge bg-secondary me-2">{{ option.score ?? option.points }} P</span>
-              <span class="flex-grow-1">{{ option.description }}</span>
+              <span class="badge bg-secondary me-2">{{ option.score ?? option.points }} {{ $t('infoPanel.pointsAbbreviation')}}</span>
+              <span class="flex-grow-1">{{ translateMaybeKey(option.description) }}</span>
             </div>
           </div>
         </div>
@@ -42,6 +42,8 @@
 </template>
 
 <script>
+import { translateMaybeKey } from "@/assets/utils";
+
 /**
  * FloatingInfoPanel Component
  * 
@@ -160,6 +162,7 @@ export default {
   },
   
   methods: {
+    translateMaybeKey,
     calculatePosition() {
       if (!this.referenceElement) return;
       
@@ -257,6 +260,7 @@ export default {
     },
     
     onMouseLeave() {
+      console.log("Mouse left info panel");
       this.isHovering = false;
       this.$emit('mouse-leave');
       this.requestClose();
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/Assignments.vue b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/Assignments.vue
index 854e26222..319447234 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/Assignments.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/Assignments.vue
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 <template>
   <Card
-    title="Assignments"
+    :title="$t('sidebar.nav.assignments')"
   >
     <template #headerElements>
       <div class="btn-group gap-2">
         <BasicButton
           class="btn-primary btn-sm"
-          text="Add Assignment"
-          title="Add Assignment"
+          :text="$t('assignments.dashboard.buttons.addAssignment')"
+          :title="$t('assignments.dashboard.buttons.addAssignment')"
           icon="plus"
           @click="addAssignment"
         />
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ import AssignmentModal from "@/components/dashboard/assignments/AssignmentModal.
 import AssignmentSubmissionsModal from "@/components/dashboard/assignments/AssignmentSubmissionsModal.vue";
 import ImportModal from "@/components/dashboard/submission/ImportModal.vue";
 import ConfirmModal from "@/basic/modal/ConfirmModal.vue";
+import { resolveApiMessage } from "@/assets/utils";
 
 export default {
   name: "DashboardAssignments",
@@ -62,18 +63,22 @@ export default {
         pagination: 10,
         search: true,
       },
-      tableColumns: [
-        { name: "ID", key: "id" },
-        { name: "Name", key: "name" },
+    };
+  },
+  computed: {
+    tableColumns() {
+      return [
+        { name: this.$t("submission.dashboard.columns.id"), key: "id" },
+        { name: this.$t("common.name"), key: "name" },
         {
-          name: "Submission Status",
+          name: this.$t("assignments.dashboard.columns.submissionStatus"),
           key: "submissionStatus",
           type: "badge",
           typeOptions: {
             keyMapping: {
-              notStarted: "Not started",
-              open: "Open",
-              closed: "Closed",
+              notStarted: this.$t("assignments.dashboard.status.notStarted"),
+              open: this.$t("assignments.dashboard.status.open"),
+              closed: this.$t("assignments.dashboard.status.closed"),
             },
             classMapping: {
               notStarted: "bg-secondary",
@@ -82,16 +87,16 @@ export default {
             },
           },
         },
-        { name: "Assigned To", key: "assignedRoles" },
-        { name: "Max Revisions", key: "maxRevisions" },
+        { name: this.$t("assignments.dashboard.columns.assignedTo"), key: "assignedRoles" },
+        { name: this.$t("assignments.dashboard.columns.maxRevisions"), key: "maxRevisions" },
         {
-          name: "Disable",
+          name: this.$t("assignments.dashboard.columns.disable"),
           key: "disable",
           type: "badge",
           typeOptions: {
             keyMapping: {
-              true: "Yes",
-              false: "No",
+              true: this.$t("common.yes"),
+              false: this.$t("common.no"),
             },
             classMapping: {
               true: "bg-success",
@@ -100,20 +105,22 @@ export default {
           },
         },
         {
-          name: "Allow Re-Upload",
+          name: this.$t("assignments.dashboard.columns.allowReUpload"),
           key: "allowReUpload",
           type: "badge",
           typeOptions: {
-            keyMapping: { true: "Yes", false: "No" },
+            keyMapping: { true: this.$t("common.yes"), false: this.$t("common.no") },
             classMapping: { true: "bg-success", false: "bg-secondary" },
           },
         },
         {
-          name: "Parent Assignment ID",
+          name: this.$t("assignments.dashboard.columns.parentAssignmentId"),
           key: "parentAssignmentId",
         },
-      ],
-      tableButtons: [
+      ];
+    },
+    tableButtons() {
+      return [
         {
           icon: "pencil",
           filter: [{ key: "canEditAssignment", value: true }],
@@ -124,7 +131,7 @@ export default {
               "btn-sm": true,
             },
           },
-          title: "Edit assignment",
+          title: this.$t("assignments.dashboard.actions.editAssignment"),
           action: "editAssignment",
           stats: {
             assignmentId: "id",
@@ -140,7 +147,7 @@ export default {
               "btn-sm": true,
             },
           },
-          title: "Delete assignment",
+          title: this.$t("assignments.dashboard.actions.deleteAssignment"),
           action: "deleteAssignment",
           stats: {
             assignmentId: "id",
@@ -155,7 +162,7 @@ export default {
               "btn-sm": true,
             },
           },
-          title: "Inspect submissions",
+          title: this.$t("assignments.dashboard.actions.inspectSubmissions"),
           action: "inspectSubmissions",
           stats: {
             assignmentId: "id",
@@ -171,7 +178,7 @@ export default {
               "btn-sm": true,
             },
           },
-          title: "Toggle Disable",
+          title: this.$t("assignments.dashboard.actions.toggleDisable"),
           action: "toggleDisable",
           stats: {
             assignmentId: "id",
@@ -186,7 +193,7 @@ export default {
               "btn-sm": true,
             },
           },
-          title: "Copy assignment",
+          title: this.$t("assignments.dashboard.actions.copyAssignment"),
           action: "copyAssignment",
           stats: {
             assignmentId: "id",
@@ -202,7 +209,7 @@ export default {
               "btn-sm": true,
             },
           },
-          title: "Import via Moodle",
+          title: this.$t("submission.dashboard.buttons.importMoodle"),
           action: "importMoodle",
           stats: {
             assignmentId: "id",
@@ -220,16 +227,14 @@ export default {
               "btn-sm": true,
             },
           },
-          title: "Close assignment",
+          title: this.$t("assignments.dashboard.actions.closeAssignment"),
           action: "closeAssignment",
           stats: {
             assignmentId: "id",
           },
         },
-      ],
-    };
-  },
-  computed: {
+      ];
+    },
     canViewAllAssignments() {
       return this.$store.getters["auth/checkRight"]("frontend.dashboard.assignments.admin.viewAll");
     },
@@ -257,7 +262,7 @@ export default {
         return acc;
       }, {});
       const usersById = (this.$store.getters["table/user/getAll"] || []).reduce((acc, user) => {
-        acc[user.id] = user.userName || `${user.firstName} ${user.lastName}`.trim() || `User ${user.id}`;
+        acc[user.id] = user.userName || `${user.firstName} ${user.lastName}`.trim() || this.$t("assignments.dashboard.fallback.userLabel", { id: user.id });
         return acc;
       }, {});
       return this.assignments.map((assignment) => {
@@ -313,8 +318,8 @@ export default {
         case "editAssignment":
           if (!data.params.isOwner && !this.canEditAssignments) {
             this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-              title: "Access denied",
-              message: "You do not have permission to edit assignments.",
+              title: this.$t("errors.configuration.accessDenied"),
+              message: this.$t("assignments.dashboard.toasts.noPermissionEdit"),
               variant: "warning",
             });
             return;
@@ -344,16 +349,16 @@ export default {
     closeAssignment(params) {
       if (!params.isOwner && !this.canEditAssignments) {
         this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-          title: "Access denied",
-          message: "You do not have permission to close assignments.",
+          title: this.$t("errors.configuration.accessDenied"),
+          message: this.$t("assignments.dashboard.toasts.noPermissionClose"),
           variant: "warning",
         });
         return;
       }
 
       this.$refs.deleteConf.open(
-        "Close Assignment",
-        "Are you sure you want to close this assignment?",
+        this.$t("assignments.dashboard.confirm.close.title"),
+        this.$t("assignments.dashboard.confirm.close.message"),
         "",
         (confirmed) => {
           if (!confirmed) return;
@@ -370,14 +375,14 @@ export default {
             (result) => {
               if (result.success) {
                 this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-                  title: "Assignment closed",
-                  message: "The assignment has been closed.",
+                  title: this.$t("assignments.dashboard.toasts.closeSuccess.title"),
+                  message: this.$t("assignments.dashboard.toasts.closeSuccess.message"),
                   variant: "success",
                 });
               } else {
                 this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-                  title: "Close failed",
-                  message: result.message,
+                  title: this.$t("assignments.dashboard.toasts.closeFailed"),
+                  message: resolveApiMessage(result),
                   variant: "danger",
                 });
               }
@@ -389,8 +394,8 @@ export default {
     toggleDisable(params) {
       if (!params.isOwner && !this.canEditAssignments) {
         this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-          title: "Access denied",
-          message: "You do not have permission to disable this assignment.",
+          title: this.$t("errors.configuration.accessDenied"),
+          message: this.$t("assignments.dashboard.toasts.noPermissionDisable"),
           variant: "warning",
         });
         return;
@@ -408,14 +413,16 @@ export default {
         (result) => {
           if (result.success) {
             this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-              title: "Assignment updated",
-              message: `Assignment is now ${newDisableState ? "disabled" : "enabled"}.`,
+              title: this.$t("assignments.dashboard.toasts.updateSuccess.title"),
+              message: this.$t("assignments.dashboard.toasts.updateSuccess.message", {
+                state: newDisableState ? this.$t("common.disabled") : this.$t("common.enabled"),
+              }),
               variant: "success",
             });
           } else {
             this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-              title: "Update failed",
-              message: result.message,
+              title: this.$t("assignments.dashboard.toasts.updateFailed"),
+              message: resolveApiMessage(result),
               variant: "danger",
             });
           }
@@ -425,15 +432,15 @@ export default {
     deleteAssignment(params) {
       if (!params.isOwner && !this.canEditAssignments) {
         this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-          title: "Access denied",
-          message: "You do not have permission to delete assignments.",
+          title: this.$t("errors.configuration.accessDenied"),
+          message: this.$t("assignments.dashboard.toasts.noPermissionDelete"),
           variant: "warning",
         });
         return;
       }
       this.$refs.deleteConf.open(
-        "Delete Assignment",
-        "Are you sure you want to delete this assignment?",
+        this.$t("assignments.dashboard.confirm.delete.title"),
+        this.$t("assignments.dashboard.confirm.delete.message"),
         "",
         (confirmed) => {
           if (!confirmed) return;
@@ -450,14 +457,14 @@ export default {
             (result) => {
               if (result.success) {
                 this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-                  title: "Assignment deleted",
-                  message: "The assignment has been deleted",
+                  title: this.$t("assignments.dashboard.toasts.deleteSuccess.title"),
+                  message: this.$t("assignments.dashboard.toasts.deleteSuccess.message"),
                   variant: "success",
                 });
               } else {
                 this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-                  title: "Assignment delete failed",
-                  message: result.message,
+                  title: this.$t("assignments.dashboard.toasts.deleteFailed"),
+                  message: resolveApiMessage(result),
                   variant: "danger",
                 });
               }
@@ -471,8 +478,8 @@ export default {
 
       if (!originalAssignment) {
         this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-          title: "Assignment copy failed",
-          message: "Original assignment could not be found.",
+          title: this.$t("assignments.dashboard.toasts.copyFailed.title"),
+          message: this.$t("assignments.dashboard.toasts.copyFailed.message"),
           variant: "danger",
         });
         return;
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/Configurations.vue b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/Configurations.vue
index b2863891f..d3e205295 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/Configurations.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/Configurations.vue
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 <template>
-  <Card title="Configuration Files">
+  <Card :title="$t('basic.configuration.filesTitle')">
     <template #headerElements>
       <div class="btn-group gap-2">
         <BasicButton
             class="btn btn-secondary btn-sm"
-            text="Import Configuration"
-            title="Import configuration file"
+            :text="$t('basic.configuration.uploadButton')"
+            :title="$t('basic.configuration.uploadTooltip')"
             icon="upload"
             @click="$refs.importFormatModal.open('configuration', null, {
               socket:{
@@ -15,8 +15,8 @@
         />
         <BasicButton
             class="btn btn-secondary btn-sm"
-            text="Export All"
-            title="Export all configurations"
+            :text="$t('common.exportAll')"
+            :title="$t('modals.importExport.wiring.configuration.exportAllTooltip')"
             icon="download"
             @click="$refs.exportFormatModal.open(null, 'configuration')"
         />
@@ -35,15 +35,15 @@
   </Card>
 
   <!-- Upload Modal for JSON configuration files -->
-  <ImportFormatModal ref="importFormatModal" title="Import Configuration" />
-  <ExportFormatModal ref="exportFormatModal" title="Export Configuration" />
+  <ImportFormatModal ref="importFormatModal" :title="$t('modals.importExport.wiring.configuration.importTitle')" />
+  <ExportFormatModal ref="exportFormatModal" :title="$t('modals.importExport.wiring.configuration.exportTitle')" />
 
   <ConfirmModal ref="deleteModal"/>
 
   <!-- JSON Configuration Viewer Modal -->
   <Modal ref="viewModal" name="json-viewer" size="xl">
     <template #title>
-      Configuration: {{ selectedConfig?.name }}
+      {{ $t('basic.configuration.viewer.title', { name: translatedConfigName(selectedConfig) }) }}
     </template>
     <template #body>
       <div v-if="selectedConfig" class="json-viewer-container">
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@
   <!-- JSON Configuration Editor Modal -->
   <Modal ref="editModal" name="json-editor" size="xl">
     <template #title>
-      Edit Configuration: {{ selectedConfig?.name }}
+      {{ $t('basic.configuration.editor.title', { name: translatedConfigName(selectedConfig) }) }}
     </template>
     <template #body>
       <div v-if="selectedConfig" class="json-editor-container">
@@ -68,13 +68,14 @@
     <template #footer>
       <BasicButton
           class="btn btn-secondary"
-          text="Cancel"
+          :text="$t('common.cancel')"
           data-bs-dismiss="modal"
           @click="$refs.editModal.close()"
       />
       <BasicButton
           class="btn btn-primary"
-          text="Save"
+          :text="$t('common.save')"
+          :loading="saving"
           :disabled="saving"
           @click="saveConfiguration"
       />
@@ -91,6 +92,7 @@ import ImportFormatModal from "@/basic/modal/ImportFormatModal.vue";
 import ConfirmModal from "@/basic/modal/ConfirmModal.vue";
 import Modal from "@/basic/Modal.vue";
 import {Editor} from "@/components/editor/editorStore.js";
+import {resolveApiMessage} from "@/assets/utils";
 
 /**
  * Configuration Files Dashboard Component
@@ -126,20 +128,26 @@ export default {
         pagination: 10,
         search: true,
       },
-      columns: [
-        {name: "Name", key: "name", sortable: true},
-        {name: "Created", key: "createdAt", sortable: true, type: "datetime"},
-        {name: "Updated", key: "updatedAt", sortable: true, type: "datetime"},
-        {name: "Type", key: "typeName", sortable: true},
-      ],
-      buttons: [
+    };
+  },
+  computed: {
+    columns() {
+      return [
+        {name: this.$t('common.name'), key: "name", sortable: true},
+        {name: this.$t('common.created'), key: "createdAt", sortable: true, type: "datetime"},
+        {name: this.$t('common.updated'), key: "updatedAt", sortable: true, type: "datetime"},
+        {name: this.$t('common.type'), key: "typeName", sortable: true},
+      ];
+    },
+    buttons() {
+      return [
         {
           icon: "eye",
           options: {
             iconOnly: true,
             specifiers: {"btn-outline-secondary": true},
           },
-          title: "View configuration",
+          title: this.$t('basic.configuration.tooltips.view'),
           action: "view",
         },
         {
@@ -148,7 +156,7 @@ export default {
             iconOnly: true,
             specifiers: {"btn-outline-primary": true},
           },
-          title: "Edit configuration",
+          title: this.$t('basic.configuration.tooltips.edit'),
           action: "edit",
         },
         {
@@ -166,17 +174,16 @@ export default {
             iconOnly: true,
             specifiers: {"btn-outline-danger": true},
           },
-          title: "Delete configuration",
+          title: this.$t('basic.configuration.tooltips.delete'),
           action: "delete",
         },
-      ],
-    };
-  },
-  computed: {
+      ];
+    },
     configurationsTable() {
       return this.$store.getters["table/configuration/getAll"].map(cfg => {
         const newC = {...cfg};
-        newC.typeName = cfg.type === 0 ? "Assessment" : "Validation";
+        newC.name = cfg.name;
+        newC.typeName = cfg.type === 0 ? this.$t('basic.configuration.types.assessment') : this.$t('basic.configuration.types.validation');
         return newC;
       });
     },
@@ -193,6 +200,9 @@ export default {
     },
   },
   methods: {
+    translatedConfigName(config) {
+      return config?.name;
+    },
     action(data) {
       switch (data.action) {
         case "view":
@@ -222,8 +232,8 @@ export default {
         this.$refs.viewModal.openModal();
       } catch (error) {
         this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-          title: "Configuration Error",
-          message: "Failed to load configuration content: " + error.message,
+          title: this.$t('basic.configuration.toasts.loadErrorTitle'),
+          message: this.$t('basic.configuration.toasts.loadErrorMessage', { error: error.message }),
           variant: "danger",
         });
       }
@@ -245,8 +255,8 @@ export default {
         });
       } catch (error) {
         this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-          title: "Configuration Error",
-          message: "Failed to load configuration content: " + error.message,
+          title: this.$t('basic.configuration.toasts.loadErrorTitle'),
+          message: this.$t('basic.configuration.toasts.loadErrorMessage', { error: error.message }),
           variant: "danger",
         });
       }
@@ -259,7 +269,7 @@ export default {
           modules: {
             toolbar: false // No toolbar for JSON editing
           },
-          placeholder: "Edit JSON content here..."
+          placeholder: this.$t('basic.configuration.editor.placeholder')
         });
 
         // Set the formatted JSON content
@@ -270,8 +280,8 @@ export default {
     saveConfiguration() {
       if (!this.quillEditor) {
         this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-          title: "Configuration Error",
-          message: "Editor not initialized",
+          title: this.$t('basic.configuration.toasts.loadErrorTitle'),
+          message: this.$t('basic.configuration.toasts.editorNotInit'),
           variant: "danger",
         });
         return;
@@ -282,8 +292,8 @@ export default {
 
       if (!editorContent) {
         this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-          title: "Configuration Error",
-          message: "No configuration content to save",
+          title: this.$t('basic.configuration.toasts.loadErrorTitle'),
+          message: this.$t('basic.configuration.toasts.noContent'),
           variant: "danger",
         });
         return;
@@ -294,8 +304,8 @@ export default {
         JSON.parse(editorContent);
       } catch (error) {
         this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-          title: "Invalid JSON",
-          message: "Please check your JSON syntax: " + error.message,
+          title: this.$t('basic.configuration.toasts.invalidJsonTitle'),
+          message: this.$t('basic.configuration.toasts.invalidJsonMessage', { error: error.message }),
           variant: "danger",
         });
         return;
@@ -313,18 +323,17 @@ export default {
 
             if (response && response.success) {
               this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-                title: "Configuration Updated",
-                message: "Configuration file has been successfully updated",
+                title: this.$t('basic.configuration.toasts.updatedTitle'),
+                message: this.$t('basic.configuration.toasts.updatedMessage'),
                 variant: "success",
               });
               setTimeout(() => {
                 this.$refs.editModal.close();
               }, 100);
             } else {
-              const errorMessage = response && response.message ? response.message : "Failed to update configuration";
               this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-                title: "Configuration Update Error",
-                message: errorMessage,
+                title: this.$t('basic.configuration.toasts.updateErrorTitle'),
+                message: resolveApiMessage(response, 'errors.documents.documentEditFailed'),
                 variant: "danger",
               });
             }
@@ -334,8 +343,8 @@ export default {
 
     deleteConfiguration(config) {
       this.$refs.deleteModal.open(
-          "Delete Configuration",
-          `Are you sure you want to delete "${config.name}"?`,
+          this.$t('basic.configuration.delete.title'),
+          this.$t('basic.configuration.delete.message', { name: this.translatedConfigName(config) }),
           null,
           (confirmed) => {
             if (confirmed) {
@@ -351,8 +360,8 @@ export default {
                   (result) => {
                     if (!result.success) {
                       this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-                        title: "Configuration delete failed",
-                        message: result.message,
+                        title: this.$t('basic.configuration.toasts.deleteFailedTitle'),
+                        message: resolveApiMessage(result),
                         variant: "danger",
                       });
                     }
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/Documents.vue b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/Documents.vue
index 2e6448656..f4feb2715 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/Documents.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/Documents.vue
@@ -1,19 +1,19 @@
 <template>
-  <Card title="Documents">
+  <Card :title="$t('documents.title')">
     <template #headerElements>
       <div class="btn-group gap-2">
       <BasicButton
           class="btn-primary btn-sm"
-          title="Add document"
-          text="Upload document"
+          :title="$t('documents.addDocument')"
+          :text="$t('documents.uploadDocument')"
           icon="upload"
           @click="$refs.uploadModal.open()"
       />
       <BasicButton
           v-if="showCreateButton"
           class="btn-primary btn-sm"
-          title="Create document"
-          text="Create document"
+          :title="$t('documents.createDocument')"
+          :text="$t('documents.createDocument')"
           icon="file-earmark-plus"
           @click="$refs.createModal.open()"
       />
@@ -52,6 +52,7 @@ import CreateModal from "./documents/CreateModal.vue";
 import EditModal from "./documents/EditModal.vue";
 import EditorDownload from "@/components/editor/editor/EditorDownload.vue";
 import DownloadPDFModal from "./documents/DownloadPDFModal.vue";
+import { resolveApiMessage } from "@/assets/utils";
 
 /**
  * Document list component
@@ -88,25 +89,27 @@ export default {
         small: false,
         pagination: 10,
       },
-      columns: [
-        {name: "ID", key: "id"},
+    };
+  },
+  computed: {
+    columns() {
+      return [
+        {name: this.$t('common.id'), key: "id"},
         {
-          name: "Title",
+          name: this.$t('common.title'),
           key: "name",
           multiline: true,
           width: 5,
         },
-        {name: "Created At", key: "createdAt"},
-        {name: "Type", key: "typeName"},
+        {name: this.$t('common.createdAt'), key: "createdAt"},
+        {name: this.$t('common.type'), key: "typeName"},
         {
-          name: "Public",
+          name: this.$t('common.public'),
           key: "publicBadge",
           type: "badge",
         },
-      ],
-    };
-  },
-  computed: {
+      ];
+    },
     documents() {
       return this.$store.getters["table/document/getFiltered"](
           (doc) => doc.projectId === this.projectId && doc.type !== 4
@@ -128,7 +131,7 @@ export default {
               "btn-outline-secondary": true,
             },
           },
-          title: "Access document...",
+          title: this.$t('documents.accessDocument'),
           action: "accessDoc",
           stats:{
             documentId: "id",
@@ -152,7 +155,7 @@ export default {
               value: null
             }
           ],
-          title: "Delete document...",
+          title: this.$t('documents.deleteDocument'),
           action: "deleteDoc",
           stats:{
             documentId: "id",
@@ -176,7 +179,7 @@ export default {
               value: null
             }
           ],
-          title: "Publish document...",
+          title: this.$t('documents.publishDocument'),
           action: "publicDoc",
           stats:{
             documentId: "id",
@@ -200,7 +203,7 @@ export default {
               value: null
             }
           ],
-          title: "Rename document...",
+          title: this.$t('documents.renameDocument'),
           action: "renameDoc",
           stats:{
             documentId: "id",
@@ -222,7 +225,7 @@ export default {
               value: 0,
             },
           ],
-          title: "Open study coordinator...",
+          title: this.$t('documents.openStudyCoordinator'),
           action: "openStudyCoordinator",
           stats: {
             documentId: "id",
@@ -243,7 +246,7 @@ export default {
               key: "type",
               value: 1,
             }],
-          title: "Export delta to a local file",
+          title: this.$t('documents.exportDelta'),
           action: "exportDeltaDoc",
           stats: {
             documentId: "id",
@@ -264,7 +267,7 @@ export default {
               key: "type",
               value: 1,
             }],
-          title: "Export HTML to a local file",
+          title: this.$t('documents.exportHtml'),
           action: "exportHTMLDoc",
           stats: {
             documentId: "id",
@@ -286,7 +289,7 @@ export default {
             value: 0,
           }
         ],
-        title: "Download PDF with annotations",
+        title: this.$t('documents.downloadPdfWithAnnotations'),
         action: "exportWithAnnotations",
       });
     }
@@ -297,10 +300,10 @@ export default {
           .filter((doc) => doc.userId === this.userId && doc.parentDocumentId === null && doc.hideInFrontend === false && doc.type !== 3)
           .map((d) => {
             let newD = {...d};
-            newD.typeName = d.type === 0 ? "PDF" : d.type === 1 ? "HTML" : "MODAL";
+            newD.typeName = d.type === 0 ? this.$t('documents.types.pdf') : d.type === 1 ? this.$t('documents.types.html') : this.$t('documents.types.modal');
             newD.publicBadge = {
               class: newD.public ? "bg-success" : "bg-danger",
-              text: newD.public ? "Yes" : "No",
+              text: newD.public ? this.$t('common.yes') : this.$t('common.no'),
             };
             return newD;
           });
@@ -358,21 +361,16 @@ export default {
       );
       let warning;
       if (studies && studies.length > 0) {
-        warning = ` There ${studies.length !== 1 ? "are" : "is"} currently ${
-            studies.length
-        } ${studies.length !== 1 ? "studies" : "study"}
-         running on this document. Deleting it will delete the ${
-            studies.length !== 1 ? "studies" : "study"
-        }!`;
+        warning = this.$t('documents.messages.studyWarning', { count: studies.length });
       } else {
         warning = "";
       }
 
       this.$refs.deleteConf.open(
-          "Delete Document",
-          "Are you sure you want to delete the document?",
+          this.$t('documents.messages.deleteTitle'),
+          this.$t('documents.messages.deleteConfirm'),
           warning,
-          function (val) {
+          (val) => {
             if (val) {
               this.$socket.emit("appDataUpdate", {
                 table: "document",
@@ -383,8 +381,8 @@ export default {
               }, (result) => {
                 if (!result.success) {
                   this.eventBus.emit('toast', {
-                    title: "Document delete failed",
-                    message: result.message,
+                    title: this.$t('errors.documents.deleteFailed'),
+                    message: resolveApiMessage(result),
                     variant: "danger"
                   });
                 }
@@ -416,4 +414,4 @@ export default {
 .card .card-body {
   padding: 1rem;
 }
-</style>
\ No newline at end of file
+</style>
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/Log.vue b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/Log.vue
index c43af2c39..67e2311f6 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/Log.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/Log.vue
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <template>
-  <Card title="Logs">
+  <Card :title="$t('components.logs.title')">
     <template #body>
       <!-- FIXME: Long error message would lead to very wide table. Try to limit the width. -->
       <BasicTable
@@ -43,25 +43,30 @@ export default {
           showPages: 3,
         },
       },
-      columns: [
+      data: [],
+    }
+  },
+  computed: {
+    columns() {
+      return [
         {name: "", key: "icon", type: "icon", width: "auto"},
         {
-          name: "Level",
+          name: this.$t('components.logs.columns.level'),
           key: "level",
           width: "1",
           filter: [
-            {key: "error", name: "Error"},
-            {key: "warn", name: "Warning"},
-            {key: "info", name: "Info"},
-            {key: "debug", name: "Debug"}]
+            {key: "error", name: this.$t('components.logs.levels.error')},
+            {key: "warn", name: this.$t('components.logs.levels.warn')},
+            {key: "info", name: this.$t('components.logs.levels.info')},
+            {key: "debug", name: this.$t('components.logs.levels.debug')}
+          ]
         },
-        {name: "Time", key: "timestamp", sortable: true, width: 2},
-        {name: "User", key: "creator_name", sortable: true, sortKey: "userId", width: 1},
-        {name: "Service", key: "service", width: 1},
-        {name: "Message", key: "message", width: 8},
-      ],
-      data: [],
-    }
+        {name: this.$t('components.logs.columns.time'), key: "timestamp", sortable: true, width: 2},
+        {name: this.$t('common.user'), key: "creator_name", sortable: true, sortKey: "userId", width: 1},
+        {name: this.$t('components.logs.columns.service'), key: "service", width: 1},
+        {name: this.$t('components.logs.columns.message'), key: "message", width: 8},
+      ];
+    },
   },
   sockets: {
     logAll: function (data) {
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/NlpSkills.vue b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/NlpSkills.vue
index f0ab9b617..c6734e0a2 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/NlpSkills.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/NlpSkills.vue
@@ -1,17 +1,17 @@
 <template>
-  <Card title="Skills">
+  <Card :title="$t('nlp.skills.title')">
     <template #headerElements>
       <span v-if="!waitForStatus" class="badge" :class="onlineStatus? 'bg-success' : 'bg-danger'">
-        {{ onlineStatus ? "ONLINE" : "OFFLINE" }}
+        {{ onlineStatus ? $t('nlp.skills.status.online') : $t('nlp.skills.status.offline') }}
       </span>
       <div v-else class="spinner-grow" role="status" style="width:12px; height:12px">
-        <span class="visually-hidden">Loading...</span>
+        <span class="visually-hidden">{{ $t('common.loading') }}</span>
       </div>
       <div class="btn-group gap-2 ms-3">
         <BasicButton
             class="btn-primary btn-sm"
-            title="Refresh"
-            text="Refresh"
+            :title="$t('common.refresh')"
+            :text="$t('common.refresh')"
             icon="arrow-clockwise"
             @click="load"
         />
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ import BasicTable from "@/basic/Table.vue";
 import Card from "@/basic/dashboard/card/Card.vue";
 import BasicButton from "@/basic/Button.vue";
 import {cloneDeep} from "lodash";
+import { resolveApiMessage } from "@/assets/utils";
 
 /**
  * Shows the list of available nlp skills to admins
@@ -66,30 +67,32 @@ export default {
         small: false,
         pagination: 10,
       },
-      columns: [
-        {name: "Name", key: "name"},
-        {name: "# Nodes", key: "nodes"},
+      waitForStatus: true,
+      onlineStatus: false
+    }
+  },
+  computed: {
+    columns() {
+      return [
+        {name: this.$t('common.name'), key: "displayName"},
+        {name: this.$t('nlp.skills.columns.nodes'), key: "nodes"},
         {
-          name: "Activated",
+          name: this.$t('nlp.skills.columns.activated'),
           key: "activated",
           type: "toggle",
         },
         {
-          name: "Fallback",
+          name: this.$t('nlp.skills.columns.fallback'),
           key: "fallback",
           type: "badge",
           typeOptions: {
-            keyMapping: {true: "Yes", default: "No"},
+            keyMapping: {true: this.$t('common.yes'), default: this.$t('common.no')},
             classMapping: {true: "bg-success", default: "bg-danger"}
           },
         },
-        {name: "Actions", key: "actions", type: "button-group"},
-      ],
-      waitForStatus: true,
-      onlineStatus: false
-    }
-  },
-  computed: {
+        {name: this.$t('common.actions'), key: "actions", type: "button-group"},
+      ];
+    },
     buttons() {
       return [
         {
@@ -100,7 +103,7 @@ export default {
               "btn-secondary": true,
             }
           },
-          title: "Configure",
+          title: this.$t('common.configure'),
           action: "configure",
           // todo which stats params to pass
         }
@@ -111,10 +114,11 @@ export default {
 
       return skills ? Object.values(skills).map(s => {
         s = cloneDeep(s);
+        s.displayName = s.name;
         // check for relevant settings
         const activeStatus = this.$store.getters["settings/getValue"](`annotator.nlp.${s.name}.activated`);
         s.activated = {
-          title: "Activating",
+          title: this.$t('nlp.skills.status.activating'),
           value: activeStatus !== "false",
           action: "toggleActiveStatus"
         }
@@ -156,14 +160,14 @@ export default {
           }], (res) => {
             if (res.success) {
               this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-                title: "Setting Updated",
-                message: `Skill "${skill_row.name}" activation updated.`,
+                title: this.$t('nlp.skills.toasts.settingUpdatedTitle'),
+                message: this.$t('nlp.skills.toasts.settingUpdatedMessage', { name: skill_row.name }),
                 variant: "success",
               });
             } else {
               this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-                title: "Failed to Update Setting",
-                message: res.message,
+                title: this.$t('nlp.skills.toasts.updateFailedTitle'),
+                message: resolveApiMessage(res),
                 variant: "danger",
               });
             }
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/Projects.vue b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/Projects.vue
index b53d3e8ff..86797b79c 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/Projects.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/Projects.vue
@@ -1,19 +1,19 @@
 <template>
-  <Card title="Projects">
+  <Card :title="$t('dashboard.projects.title')">
     <template #headerElements>
       <div class="btn-group gap-2">
       <BasicButton
         class="btn-primary btn-sm"
-        title="Create project"
-        text="Create"
+        :title="$t('dashboard.projects.createTooltip')"
+        :text="$t('common.create')"
         icon="plus"
         @click="$refs.projectModal.open(0)"
       />
       <BasicButton
         v-if="isAdmin"
         class="btn-secondary btn-sm"
-        title="Assign projects"
-        text="Assign projects"
+        :title="$t('dashboard.projects.assignTooltip')"
+        :text="$t('dashboard.projects.assignButton')"
         icon="people-fill"
         @click="$refs.assignProjectModal.open()"
       />
@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ import ProjectModal from "./coordinator/Project.vue";
 import ExportModal from "./projects/ExportModal.vue";
 import ConfirmModal from "@/basic/modal/ConfirmModal.vue";
 import AssignProjectModal from "./projects/AssignProjectModal.vue";
+import { resolveApiMessage } from "@/assets/utils";
 
 /**
  * Project list component
@@ -75,16 +76,18 @@ export default {
         small: false,
         pagination: 10,
       },
-      columns: [
-        {name: "", key: "select", type: "icon-selector"},
-        {name: "Project name", key: "name"},
-        {name: "Created At", key: "createdAt"},
-        {name: "Public", key: "published", type: "badge"},
-        {name: "Closed", key: "closed", type: "badge"},
-      ],
     };
   },
   computed: {
+    columns() {
+      return [
+        {name: "", key: "select", type: "icon-selector"},
+        {name: this.$t('dashboard.projects.columns.name'), key: "name"},
+        {name: this.$t('common.createdAt'), key: "createdAt"},
+        {name: this.$t('dashboard.projects.columns.public'), key: "published", type: "badge"},
+        {name: this.$t('dashboard.projects.columns.closed'), key: "closed", type: "badge"},
+      ];
+    },
     userId() {
       return this.$store.getters["auth/getUserId"];
     },
@@ -101,7 +104,7 @@ export default {
               "btn-outline-secondary": true,
             }
           },
-          title: "Copy project",
+          title: this.$t('dashboard.projects.actions.copy'),
           action: "copy",
           stats: {
             projectId: "id",
@@ -118,7 +121,7 @@ export default {
           filter: [
             {key: "userId", value: this.userId},
           ],
-          title: "Edit project",
+          title: this.$t('dashboard.projects.actions.edit'),
           action: "edit",
           stats: {
             projectId: "id",
@@ -135,7 +138,7 @@ export default {
           filter: [
             {key: "userId", value: this.userId},
           ],
-          title: "Delete project",
+          title: this.$t('dashboard.projects.actions.delete'),
           action: "delete",
           stats: {
             projectId: "id",
@@ -153,7 +156,7 @@ export default {
             {key: "public", value: false},
             {key: "userId", value: this.userId},
           ],
-          title: "Share project",
+          title: this.$t('dashboard.projects.actions.share'),
           action: "publish",
           stats: {
             projectId: "id",
@@ -166,7 +169,7 @@ export default {
               "btn-outline-dark": true,
             }
           },
-          title: "Export data",
+          title: this.$t('dashboard.projects.actions.export'),
           icon: "download",
           action: "export",
           stats: {
@@ -181,16 +184,16 @@ export default {
         .map((d) => {
           let newD = {...d};
           newD.published = {
-            text: newD.public || newD.userId === null ? "Yes" : "No",
+            text: newD.public || newD.userId === null ? this.$t('common.yes') : this.$t('common.no'),
             class: newD.public || newD.userId === null ? "bg-success" : "bg-danger",
           };
           newD.closed = {
-            text: newD.closed ? "Yes" : "No",
+            text: newD.closed ? this.$t('common.yes') : this.$t('common.no'),
             class: newD.closed ? "bg-danger" : "bg-success",
           };
           newD.select = {
             icon: (newD.id === this.projectId) ? "star-fill" : "star",
-            title: "Select project as default",
+            title: this.$t('dashboard.projects.selectAsDefault'),
             action: "select",
             selected: newD.id === this.projectId,
           };
@@ -243,8 +246,8 @@ export default {
       }
 
       this.$refs.deleteConf.open(
-        "Delete Project",
-        "Are you sure you want to delete this project?",
+        this.$t('dashboard.projects.delete.title'),
+        this.$t('dashboard.projects.delete.message'),
         warning,
         (val) => {
           if (val) {
@@ -257,8 +260,8 @@ export default {
             }, (result) => {
               if (!result.success) {
                 this.eventBus.emit('toast', {
-                  title: "Project delete failed",
-                  message: result.message,
+                  title: this.$t('dashboard.projects.toasts.deleteFailed'),
+                  message: resolveApiMessage(result),
                   variant: "danger"
                 });
               }
@@ -278,15 +281,15 @@ export default {
       }, (result) => {
         if (!result.success) {
           this.eventBus.emit('toast', {
-            title: "Project publish failed",
-            message: result.message,
+            title: this.$t('dashboard.projects.toasts.publishFailed'),
+            message: resolveApiMessage(result),
             variant: "danger"
           });
         }
         else {
           this.eventBus.emit('toast', {
-            title: "Project published",
-            message: "The project has been successfully published.",
+            title: this.$t('dashboard.projects.toasts.publishedTitle'),
+            message: this.$t('dashboard.projects.toasts.publishedMessage'),
             variant: "success"
           });
         }
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/SessionOverview.vue b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/SessionOverview.vue
index b645de9b8..31fe71662 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/SessionOverview.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/SessionOverview.vue
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 <template>
   <div class="container-fluid">
-    <h1>Study Sessions Overview</h1>
+    <h1>{{ $t('dashboard.sessionOverview.title') }}</h1>
     <div class="filters-container mb-3">
       <div class="d-flex-col align-items-center gap-3">
         <div class="form-check form-switch">
           <label class="form-check-label" for="showOpenStudiesSwitch">
-            show only open studies
+            {{ $t('dashboard.sessionOverview.showOnlyOpenStudies') }}
           </label>
           <input
             id="showOpenStudiesSwitch"
@@ -16,14 +16,14 @@
           >
         </div>
         <div class="d-flex align-items-center gap-2">
-          <label for="workflowSelect" class="mb-0">Filter Workflow type:</label>
+          <label for="workflowSelect" class="mb-0">{{ $t('dashboard.sessionOverview.filterWorkflowType') }}</label>
           <select
             id="workflowSelect"
             v-model="filters.workflowType"
             class="form-select form-select-sm"
             style="width: auto;"
           >
-            <option value="all">All Workflows</option>
+            <option value="all">{{ $t('dashboard.sessionOverview.allWorkflows') }}</option>
             <option
               v-for="workflow in workflowTypes"
               :key="workflow.id"
@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@
 
 <script>
 import BasicTable from "@/basic/Table.vue";
+import { translateMaybeKey } from "@/assets/utils";
 
 /**
  * Dashboard page showing an overview of all study sessions
@@ -72,23 +73,28 @@ export default {
         pagination: 20,
         search: true,
       },
-      columns: [
-        { name: "Study Name", key: "studyName", sortable: true },
-        { name: "First Name", key: "firstName", sortable: true },
-        { name: "Last Name", key: "lastName", sortable: true },
-        { name: "Max Step", key: "currentStep", sortable: true },
-        { name: "Created At", key: "createdAt", sortable: true },
-        { name: "Last updated", key: "updatedAt", sortable: true },
-        { name: "Number of Steps", key: "numSteps", sortable: true },
+    };
+  },
+
+  computed: {
+    columns() {
+      return [
+        { name: this.$t('dashboard.sessionOverview.columns.studyName'), key: "studyName", sortable: true },
+        { name: this.$t('common.firstName'), key: "firstName", sortable: true },
+        { name: this.$t('common.lastName'), key: "lastName", sortable: true },
+        { name: this.$t('dashboard.sessionOverview.columns.maxStep'), key: "currentStep", sortable: true },
+        { name: this.$t('common.createdAt'), key: "createdAt", sortable: true },
+        { name: this.$t('common.updatedAt'), key: "updatedAt", sortable: true },
+        { name: this.$t('dashboard.sessionOverview.columns.numberOfSteps'), key: "numSteps", sortable: true },
         {
-          name: "Status",
+          name: this.$t('common.status'),
           key: "status",
           type: "badge",
           sortable: true,
           typeOptions: {
             keyMapping: {
-              Running: "Running",
-              Finished: "Finished",
+              Running: this.$t('common.running'),
+              Finished: this.$t('common.finished'),
             },
             classMapping: {
               Running: "bg-primary",
@@ -96,13 +102,13 @@ export default {
             }
           }
         },
-      ],
-    };
-  },
-
-  computed: {
+      ];
+    },
     workflowTypes() {
-      return this.$store.getters["table/workflow/getAll"] || [];
+      return (this.$store.getters["table/workflow/getAll"] || []).map((workflow) => ({
+        ...workflow,
+        name: translateMaybeKey(workflow.name),
+      }));
     },
     studySessions() {
       const sessions = this.$store.getters["table/study_session/getAll"] || [];
@@ -121,7 +127,9 @@ export default {
           studyName: study.name,
           firstName: this.getUserName(session.userId).firstName,
           lastName: this.getUserName(session.userId).lastName,
-          currentStep: currentStepIndex !== null ? `Step ${currentStepIndex}` : 'N/A',
+          currentStep: currentStepIndex !== null
+            ? this.$t('dashboard.sessionOverview.step', { number: currentStepIndex })
+            : this.$t('common.na'),
           createdAt: new Date(session.createdAt).toLocaleString(),
           updatedAt: new Date(session.updatedAt).toLocaleString(),
           numSteps: studySteps.length,
@@ -154,7 +162,7 @@ export default {
   methods: {
     getWorkflowType(workflowId) {
       const workflow = this.$store.getters["table/workflow/get"](workflowId);
-      return workflow ? workflow.name : "Unknown";
+      return workflow ? translateMaybeKey(workflow.name) : this.$t('common.unknown');
     },
     getUserName(userId) {
       const user = this.$store.getters["table/user/get"](userId);
@@ -165,7 +173,7 @@ export default {
         };
       }
       return {
-        firstName: "Unknown",
+        firstName: this.$t('common.unknown'),
         lastName: "",
       };
     },
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/Settings.vue b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/Settings.vue
index 48932b91d..efeca048c 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/Settings.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/Settings.vue
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 <template>
   <div>
-    <Card title="Settings">
+    <Card :title="$t('settings.title')">
       <template #headerElements>
         <div class="btn-group gap-2">
 
           <BasicButton
               class="btn-outline-secondary btn-sm"
-              text="Change User Settings"
-              title="Change User Settings"
+              :text="$t('settings.changeUserSettings')"
+              :title="$t('settings.changeUserSettings')"
               icon="sliders"
               :disabled="!settings || !settings.length"
               @click="$refs.changeUserSettingsModal.open()"
@@ -15,8 +15,8 @@
 
           <BasicButton
               class="btn-outline-secondary btn-sm"
-              text="Export JSON"
-              title="Export JSON"
+              :text="$t('settings.exportJson')"
+              :title="$t('settings.exportJson')"
               icon="download"
               :disabled="!settings || !settings.length"
               @click="exportSettings"
@@ -24,8 +24,8 @@
 
           <BasicButton
               class="btn-outline-secondary btn-sm"
-              text="Import JSON"
-              title="Import JSON"
+              :text="$t('settings.importJson')"
+              :title="$t('settings.importJson')"
               icon="upload"
               :disabled="!settings || !settings.length"
               @click="openUploadModal"
@@ -33,8 +33,8 @@
 
           <BasicButton
               class="btn-outline-secondary btn-sm"
-              text="Reload"
-              title="Reload"
+              :text="$t('common.reload')"
+              :title="$t('common.reload')"
               icon="arrow-clockwise"
               @click="load"
           />
@@ -42,8 +42,8 @@
           <BasicButton
               class="btn-sm"
               :class="hasUnsavedChanges ? 'btn-warning' : 'btn-primary'"
-              :text="hasUnsavedChanges ? 'Save Settings (Unsaved changes)' : 'Save Settings'"
-              :title="hasUnsavedChanges ? 'Save Settings (Unsaved changes)' : 'Save Settings'"
+              :text="hasUnsavedChanges ? $t('settings.saveSettingsUnsaved') : $t('settings.saveSettings')"
+              :title="hasUnsavedChanges ? $t('settings.saveSettingsUnsaved') : $t('settings.saveSettings')"
               icon="upload"
               @click="save"
           />
@@ -58,7 +58,9 @@
         >
           <LoadIcon class="me-2" icon-name="exclamation-triangle-fill"/>
           <div>
-            Remember to click <strong>Save Settings</strong> after making changes.
+            {{ $t('settings.rememberToSaveBefore') }}
+            <strong>{{ $t('settings.saveSettings') }}</strong>
+            {{ $t('settings.rememberToSaveAfter') }}
           </div>
         </div>
 
@@ -117,13 +119,13 @@
         name="settingsUpload"
     >
       <template #title>
-        Import Settings
+        {{ $t('settings.importSettings') }}
       </template>
 
       <template #body>
         <div class="modal-body">
           <p class="mb-2">
-            Select a previous downloaded settings file. Only existing keys will be updated.
+            {{ $t('settings.importDescription') }}
           </p>
           <input
               ref="settingsUploadInput"
@@ -139,13 +141,13 @@
         <span class="btn-group">
           <BasicButton
               class="btn btn-secondary"
-              title="Close"
+              :title="$t('common.close')"
               :disabled="uploading"
               @click="$refs.settingsUploadModal.close()"
           />
           <BasicButton
               class="btn btn-primary"
-              :title="uploading ? 'Importing…' : 'Import'"
+              :title="uploading ? $t('common.importing') : $t('common.import')"
               :disabled="!uploadFile || uploading"
               @click="importSettings"
           />
@@ -169,7 +171,7 @@ import LoadIcon from "@/basic/Icon.vue";
 import SettingsSection from "@/components/dashboard/settings/SettingsSection.vue";
 import Modal from "@/basic/Modal.vue";
 import BasicButton from "@/basic/Button.vue";
-import {downloadObjectsAs} from "@/assets/utils";
+import {downloadObjectsAs, resolveApiMessage} from "@/assets/utils";
 import {onBeforeRouteUpdate} from "vue-router";
 import ChangeUserSettingsModal from "@/components/dashboard/settings/ChangeUserSettingsModal.vue";
 
@@ -192,7 +194,7 @@ const SUBSECTION_ORDER = {
   registration: ["Enable registration", "Information requested at registration", "Consent options", "Terms and conditions", "Email verification rate limit"],
   moodle: ["Connection", "Course", "Show inputs"],
   annotations: ["Comments", "Download", "NLP in annotations", "Sidebar"],
-  interface: ["Navigation and dashboard", "Branding", "Projects", "Statistics and tags"],
+  interface: ["Localization", "Navigation and dashboard", "Branding", "Projects", "Statistics and tags"],
   "text editor": ["Document buttons", "Edit history", "Toolbar"],
   "ai & nlp": ["Modal NLP", "NLP service"],
   system: ["Token expiry"],
@@ -288,9 +290,7 @@ export default {
 
     onBeforeRouteUpdate((to, from, next) => {
       if (this.hasUnsavedChanges) {
-        const answer = window.confirm(
-            "You have unsaved changes in your settings. Are you sure you want to leave without saving?"
-        );
+        const answer = window.confirm(this.$t('settings.messages.unsavedChangesWarning'));
         if (!answer) {
           return next(false);
         }
@@ -360,15 +360,15 @@ export default {
             this.$store.commit("settings/set", { key: s.key, value: s.value });
           });
           this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-            title: "Success",
-            message: res.data,
+            title: this.$t('common.success'),
+            message: resolveApiMessage({ message: res.data }, 'settings.messages.settingsSavedSuccessfully'),
             variant: "success",
           });
           this.setSettingsSnapshot();
         } else {
           this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-            title: "Error Saving Settings",
-            message: res.message,
+            title: this.$t('errors.settings.errorSaving'),
+            message: resolveApiMessage(res),
             variant: "danger",
           });
         }
@@ -379,8 +379,8 @@ export default {
         if (res.success) {
           if (showToast) {
             this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-                title: "Settings Loaded",
-                message: "Settings have been successfully loaded.",
+                title: this.$t('settings.messages.settingsLoaded'),
+                message: this.$t('settings.messages.settingsLoadedMessage'),
                 variant: "success",
             });
           }
@@ -388,8 +388,8 @@ export default {
           this.setSettingsSnapshot();
         } else {
           this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-            title: "Error Loading Settings",
-            message: res.message,
+            title: this.$t('errors.settings.errorLoading'),
+            message: resolveApiMessage(res),
             variant: "danger",
           });
         }
@@ -427,8 +427,8 @@ export default {
     async importSettings() {
       if (!this.uploadFile) {
         this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-          title: "No file selected",
-          message: "Please select a JSON file to import.",
+          title: this.$t('errors.file.noFileSelected'),
+          message: this.$t('errors.file.selectJsonFile'),
           variant: "warning",
         });
         return;
@@ -437,8 +437,8 @@ export default {
       const fileName = this.uploadFile.name || "";
       if (!fileName.toLowerCase().endsWith(".json")) {
         this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-          title: "Invalid file type",
-          message: "Only JSON files are allowed.",
+          title: this.$t('errors.file.invalidFileType'),
+          message: this.$t('errors.file.onlyJsonAllowed'),
           variant: "danger",
         });
         return;
@@ -455,11 +455,11 @@ export default {
         try {
           json = JSON.parse(text);
         } catch (e) {
-          throw new Error("Invalid JSON: " + e.message, { cause: e });
+          throw new Error(this.$t('errors.file.invalidJson') + ": " + e.message, { cause: e });
         }
 
         if (typeof json !== "object" || json === null || Array.isArray(json)) {
-          throw new Error("The JSON must be an object of key/value pairs.");
+          throw new Error(this.$t('errors.file.jsonMustBeObject'));
         }
 
         let updatedCount = 0;
@@ -476,8 +476,8 @@ export default {
         });
 
         this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-          title: "Settings imported",
-          message: `Updated ${updatedCount} existing setting(s).`,
+          title: this.$t('settings.messages.settingsImported'),
+          message: this.$t('settings.messages.updatedSettings', { count: updatedCount }),
           variant: "success",
         });
 
@@ -489,7 +489,7 @@ export default {
         // Importing marks the form as "dirty" until the user clicks Save.
       } catch (e) {
         this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-          title: "Failed to import settings",
+          title: this.$t('errors.settings.failedToImport'),
           message: e.message,
           variant: "danger",
         });
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/Study.vue b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/Study.vue
index 790cac88b..59b057078 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/Study.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/Study.vue
@@ -1,50 +1,50 @@
 <template>
   <span>
-    <Card title="Studies">
+    <Card :title="$t('studies.title')">
       <template #headerElements>
         <div class="btn-group gap-2">
           <BasicButton
               class="btn-secondary btn-sm"
-              title="Saved Templates"
-              text="Saved Templates"
+              :title="$t('studies.savedTemplates')"
+              :text="$t('studies.savedTemplates')"
               icon="folder"
               @click="openSavedTemplates"
           />
           <BasicButton
               v-if="canCloseStudies"
               class="btn-secondary btn-sm"
-              title="Close All Studies"
-              text="Close All Studies"
+              :title="$t('studies.closeAllStudies')"
+              :text="$t('studies.closeAllStudies')"
               icon="x-octagon"
               @click="closeStudies"
           />
            <BasicButton
             class="btn-secondary btn-sm"
-            text="Publish Assessment"
-            title="Publish Assessment"
+            :title="$t('submission.publishAssessment.title')"
+            :text="$t('submission.publishAssessment.title')"
             icon="clipboard-data"
             @click="$refs.publishAssessmentModal.open()"
           />
           <BasicButton
               v-if="canAddBulkAssignments"
               class="btn-secondary btn-sm"
-              title="Add Bulk Assignments"
-              text="Add Bulk Assignments"
+              :title="$t('studies.addBulkAssignments')"
+              :text="$t('studies.addBulkAssignments')"
               icon="stack"
               @click="addBulkAssignment"
           />
           <BasicButton
               v-if="isAdmin"
               class="btn-secondary btn-sm"
-              title="Add Single Assignment"
-              text="Add Single Assignment"
+              :title="$t('studies.addSingleAssignment')"
+              :text="$t('studies.addSingleAssignment')"
               icon="plus-square"
               @click="addSingleAssignment"
           />
           <BasicButton
               class="btn btn-primary btn-sm"
-              title="Add"
-              text="Add"
+              :title="$t('common.add')"
+              :text="$t('common.add')"
               icon="plus"
               @click="add"
           />
@@ -88,6 +88,7 @@ import InformationModal from "@/basic/modal/InformationModal.vue";
 import BulkCloseModal from "@/components/dashboard/study/BulkCloseModal.vue";
 import StudyCloseModal from "@/components/dashboard/study/StudyCloseModal.vue";
 import SavedTemplatesModal from "./study/SavedTemplatesModal.vue";
+import { resolveApiMessage } from "@/assets/utils";
 import PublishAssessmentModal from "./submission/PublishAssessmentModal.vue";
 
 /**
@@ -177,7 +178,7 @@ export default {
               "btn-outline-secondary": true,
             }
           },
-          title: "Edit study",
+          title: this.$t('studies.editStudy'),
           filter: [
             {key: "showEditButton", value: true},
           ],
@@ -197,7 +198,7 @@ export default {
           filter: [
             {key: "showDeleteButton", value: true},
           ],
-          title: "Delete study",
+          title: this.$t('studies.deleteStudy'),
           action: "deleteStudy",
           stats: {
             studyId: "id"
@@ -211,7 +212,7 @@ export default {
               "btn-outline-secondary": true,
             }
           },
-          title: "Open study",
+          title: this.$t('studies.openStudy'),
           action: "openStudy",
           stats: {
             studyId: "id"
@@ -225,7 +226,7 @@ export default {
               "btn-outline-secondary": true,
             }
           },
-          title: "Restart study",
+          title: this.$t('studies.restartStudy'),
           filter: [
             {key: "showRestartButton", value: true},
           ],
@@ -242,7 +243,7 @@ export default {
               "btn-outline-secondary": true,
             }
           },
-          title: "Copy link to study",
+          title: this.$t('studies.copyLink'),
           action: "copyStudyLink",
           stats: {
             studyId: "id"
@@ -256,7 +257,7 @@ export default {
               "btn-outline-secondary": true,
             }
           },
-          title: "Inspect sessions",
+          title: this.$t('studies.inspectSessions'),
           action: "inspectStudySessions",
           stats: {
             studyId: "id"
@@ -273,7 +274,7 @@ export default {
           filter: [
             {key: "showCloseButton", value: true},
           ],
-          title: "Close study",
+          title: this.$t('studies.closeStudy'),
           action: "closeStudy",
           stats: {
             studyId: "id"
@@ -290,7 +291,7 @@ export default {
           filter: [
             {key: "showTemplateButton", value: true},
           ],
-          title: "Save as Template",
+          title: this.$t('studies.saveAsTemplate'),
           action: "saveAsTemplate",
           stats: {
             studyId: "id"
@@ -307,7 +308,7 @@ export default {
               "btn-outline-secondary": true,
             },
           },
-          title: "Show information",
+          title: this.$t('studies.showInformation'),
           action: "showInformation",
           stats: {
             studyId: "id"
@@ -318,20 +319,19 @@ export default {
     },
     columns() {
       let cols = [
-        {name: "ID", key: "id", fixed: "left" },
-        {name: "Name", key: "name", fixed: "left" },
+        {name: this.$t('common.id'), key: "id", fixed: "left" },
+        {name: this.$t('common.name'), key: "name", fixed: "left" },
         {
-          name: "Status",
+          name: this.$t('studies.columns.status'),
           key: "state",
           sortable: true,
           type: "badge",
           typeOptions: {
             keyMapping: {
-              "not started": "Not started",
-              "closed": "Closed",
-              "running": "Running",
-              "ended": "Ended",
-
+              "not started": this.$t('studies.status.notStarted'),
+              "closed": this.$t('studies.status.closed'),
+              "running": this.$t('studies.status.running'),
+              "ended": this.$t('studies.status.ended'),
             },
             classMapping: {
               "not started": "bg-warning",
@@ -341,51 +341,51 @@ export default {
             }
           }
         },
-        {name: "Created", key: "createdAt", sortable: true},
+        {name: this.$t('studies.columns.created'), key: "createdAt", sortable: true},
         //{name: "Time Limit", key: "timeLimit", sortable: true},
-        {name: "Sessions", key: "sessions", sortable: true},
-        {name: "Session Limit", key: "limitSessions", sortable: true},
-        {name: "Session Limit per User", key: "limitSessionsPerUser", sortable: true},
+        {name: this.$t('studies.columns.sessions'), key: "sessions", sortable: true},
+        {name: this.$t('studies.columns.sessionLimit'), key: "limitSessions", sortable: true},
+        {name: this.$t('studies.columns.sessionLimitPerUser'), key: "limitSessionsPerUser", sortable: true},
         {
-          name: "Session Start/Finish Emails",
+          name: this.$t('studies.columns.sessionStartFinishEmails'),
           key: "enableEmailNotifications",
           type: "badge",
           typeOptions: {
-            keyMapping: { true: "Yes", false: "No" },
+            keyMapping: { true: this.$t('common.yes'), false: this.$t('common.no') },
             classMapping: { true: "bg-success", false: "bg-danger" }
           }
         },
         {
-          name: "Resumable",
+          name: this.$t('studies.columns.resumable'),
           key: "resumable",
           type: "badge",
           typeOptions: {
-            keyMapping: {true: "Yes", false: "No"},
+            keyMapping: {true: this.$t('common.yes'), false: this.$t('common.no')},
             classMapping: {true: "bg-success", false: "bg-danger"}
           }
         },
         {
-          name: "Collaborative",
+          name: this.$t('studies.columns.collaborative'),
           key: "collab",
           type: "badge",
           typeOptions: {
-            keyMapping: {true: "Yes", false: "No"},
+            keyMapping: {true: this.$t('common.yes'), false: this.$t('common.no')},
             classMapping: {true: "bg-success", false: "bg-danger"}
           }
         },
         {
-          name: "Multiple Submissions",
+          name: this.$t('studies.columns.multipleSubmissions'),
           key: "multipleSubmit",
           type: "badge",
           typeOptions: {
-            keyMapping: {true: "Yes", false: "No"},
+            keyMapping: {true: this.$t('common.yes'), false: this.$t('common.no')},
             classMapping: {true: "bg-success", false: "bg-danger"}
           }
         },
       ];
       if (this.canReadPrivateInformation) {
-        cols.splice(3, 0, {name: "FirstName", key: "firstName"});
-        cols.splice(4, 0, {name: "LastName", key: "lastName"});
+        cols.splice(3, 0, {name: this.$t('users.columns.firstName'), key: "firstName"});
+        cols.splice(4, 0, {name: this.$t('users.columns.lastName'), key: "lastName"});
       }
       return cols;
     },
@@ -506,14 +506,14 @@ export default {
         }, (result) => {
           if (result.success) {
             this.eventBus.emit('toast', {
-              title: "Study restarted",
-              message: "The study has been restarted",
+              title: this.$t('studies.messages.studyRestarted'),
+              message: this.$t('studies.messages.studyRestartedMessage'),
               variant: "success"
             });
           } else {
             this.eventBus.emit('toast', {
-              title: "Study restart failed",
-              message: result.message,
+              title: this.$t('errors.studies.studyRestartFailed'),
+              message: resolveApiMessage(result),
               variant: "danger"
             });
           }
@@ -533,8 +533,8 @@ export default {
       const study = this.$store.getters["table/study/get"](studyId);
       if (!study) {
         this.eventBus.emit('toast', {
-          title: "Link not copied",
-          message: "Failed to retrieve URL. Try again later.",
+          title: this.$t('errors.clipboard.linkNotCopied'),
+          message: this.$t('errors.clipboard.retrieveFailed'),
           variant: "danger"
         });
         return;
@@ -544,14 +544,14 @@ export default {
       try {
         await navigator.clipboard.writeText(link);
         this.eventBus.emit('toast', {
-          title: "Link copied",
-          message: "Study link copied to clipboard!",
+          title: this.$t('studies.messages.linkCopied'),
+          message: this.$t('studies.messages.linkCopiedMessage'),
           variant: "success"
         });
       } catch (_error) {
         this.eventBus.emit('toast', {
-          title: "Link not copied",
-          message: "Could not copy study link to clipboard!",
+          title: this.$t('errors.clipboard.linkNotCopied'),
+          message: this.$t('errors.clipboard.copyFailed'),
           variant: "danger"
         });
       }
@@ -576,22 +576,22 @@ export default {
     },
     saveAsTemplate(study) {
       this.openConfirmModal(
-          "Save Study as Template",
-          "Are you sure you want to save this study as a template?",
+          this.$t('studies.messages.saveAsTemplateTitle'),
+          this.$t('studies.messages.saveAsTemplateConfirm'),
           "",
           (confirmed) => {
             if (confirmed) {
               this.$socket.emit("studySaveAsTemplate", {id: study.id}, (result) => {
                 if (!result.success) {
                   this.eventBus.emit('toast', {
-                    title: "Template Save Failed",
-                    message: result.message,
+                    title: this.$t('errors.studies.templateSaveFailed'),
+                    message: resolveApiMessage(result),
                     variant: "danger",
                   });
                 } else {
                   this.eventBus.emit('toast', {
-                    title: "Template Saved",
-                    message: "This study has been saved as a template.",
+                    title: this.$t('studies.messages.templateSaved'),
+                    message: this.$t('studies.messages.templateSavedMessage'),
                     variant: "success",
                   });
                 }
@@ -606,21 +606,16 @@ export default {
       );
       let warning;
       if (studySessions && studySessions.length > 0) {
-        warning = ` There ${studySessions.length !== 1 ? "are" : "is"} currently ${
-            studySessions.length
-        } ${studySessions.length !== 1 ? "study session" : "study sessions"}
-         existing for this study. Deleting it will delete the ${
-            studySessions.length !== 1 ? "study session" : "study sessions"
-        }!`;
+        warning = this.$t('studies.messages.sessionWarning', { count: studySessions.length });
       } else {
         warning = "";
       }
 
       this.openDeleteConfModal(
-          "Delete Study",
-          "Are you sure you want to delete the study?",
+          this.$t('studies.messages.deleteTitle'),
+          this.$t('studies.messages.deleteConfirm'),
           warning,
-          function (val) {
+          (val) => {
             if (val) {
               this.$socket.emit("appDataUpdate", {
                 table: "study",
@@ -631,14 +626,14 @@ export default {
               }, (result) => {
                 if (result.success) {
                   this.eventBus.emit('toast', {
-                    title: "Study deleted",
-                    message: "The study has been deleted",
+                    title: this.$t('studies.messages.studyDeleted'),
+                    message: this.$t('studies.messages.studyDeletedMessage'),
                     variant: "success"
                   });
                 } else {
                   this.eventBus.emit('toast', {
-                    title: "Study delete failed",
-                    message: result.message,
+                    title: this.$t('errors.studies.studyDeleteFailed'),
+                    message: resolveApiMessage(result),
                     variant: "danger"
                   });
                 }
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/StudySession.vue b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/StudySession.vue
index c35937709..9d9594305 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/StudySession.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/StudySession.vue
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 <template>
   <div class="container">
-    <h1>Active Study Sessions</h1>
+    <h1>{{ $t('studies.dashboard.activeSessions.title') }}</h1>
     <div v-if="!studiesFiltered || studiesFiltered.length === 0">
       <p class="fs-6">
-        You have no active study sessions. Enter a study by clicking on the study link or create your own study.
+        {{ $t('studies.dashboard.activeSessions.noSessions') }}
       </p>
     </div>
     <div v-else>
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
               icon-name="stopwatch"
               style="margin-right:0.5rem"
             />
-            <span>{{ s.end !== null ? studyTimes[s.id] : 'no due date' }}</span>
+            <span>{{ s.end !== null ? studyTimes[s.id] : $t('studies.dashboard.noDueDate')}}</span>
           </template>
         </Card>
         <hr>
@@ -36,10 +36,10 @@
   </div>
 
   <div class="container">
-    <h1>Closed Study Sessions</h1>
+    <h1>{{ $t('studies.dashboard.closedSessions.title') }}</h1>
     <div v-if="!studiesClosed || studiesClosed.length === 0">
       <p class="fs-6">
-        You have no closed study sessions.
+        {{ $t('studies.dashboard.closedSessions.noSessions') }}
       </p>
     </div>
     <div v-else>
@@ -104,9 +104,9 @@ export default {
           const firstName = this.$store.getters["table/user/get"](study.userId)?.firstName;
             const lastName = this.$store.getters["table/user/get"](study.userId)?.lastName;
           if (this.canReadPrivateInformation && firstName && lastName) {
-            study.title = study.name ? `Study: ${study.name} (from ${firstName} ${lastName})` : '<no name>';
+            study.title = study.name ? this.$t('studies.dashboard.studyTitleWithAuthor', { name: study.name, author: `${firstName} ${lastName}` }) : this.$t('studies.dashboard.noName');
           } else {
-            study.title = study.name ? `Study: ${study.name}` : '<no name>';
+            study.title = study.name ? this.$t('studies.dashboard.studyTitle', { name: study.name }) : this.$t('studies.dashboard.noName');
           }
           return study;
         });
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/Submissions.vue b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/Submissions.vue
index cb78618bb..12ff90446 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/Submissions.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/Submissions.vue
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 <template>
   <div class="container">
     <div class="d-flex justify-content-between align-items-center">
-      <h1 class="mb-0">Active Assignments</h1>
+      <h1 class="mb-0">{{ $t('assignments.dashboard.submissions.activeTitle') }}</h1>
     </div>
     <div v-if="activeAssignments.length === 0">
       <p class="fs-6">
-        You have no active assignments.
+        {{ $t('assignments.dashboard.submissions.noActive') }}
       </p>
     </div>
     <div v-else>
@@ -22,8 +22,8 @@
           <template #headerElements>
             <BasicButton
               class="btn btn-primary btn-sm"
-              title="Upload Submission"
-              text="Upload Submission"
+              :title="$t('dashboard.uploadModal.title')"
+              :text="$t('dashboard.uploadModal.title')"
               icon="file-earmark-arrow-up"
               :disabled="!canUploadSubmissionForAssignment(assignment)"
               @click="openUploadModalForAssignment(assignment)"
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@
             />
           </template>
           <template #footer>
-            <span>{{ assignment.end ? assignmentTimes[assignment.id] : "no due date" }}</span>
+            <span>{{ assignment.end ? assignmentTimes[assignment.id] : $t('assignments.dashboard.submissions.noDueDate') }}</span>
           </template>
         </Card>
         <hr>
@@ -44,10 +44,10 @@
   </div>
 
   <div class="container">
-    <h1>Closed Assignments</h1>
+    <h1>{{ $t('assignments.dashboard.submissions.closedTitle') }}</h1>
     <div v-if="closedAssignments.length === 0">
       <p class="fs-6">
-        You have no closed assignments.
+        {{ $t('assignments.dashboard.submissions.noClosed') }}
       </p>
     </div>
     <div v-else>
@@ -64,8 +64,8 @@
           <template #headerButtons>
             <BasicButton
               class="btn btn-primary btn-sm"
-              title="Upload Submission"
-              text="Upload Submission"
+              :title="$t('dashboard.uploadModal.title')"
+              :text="$t('dashboard.uploadModal.title')"
               icon="file-earmark-arrow-up"
               :disabled="!canUploadSubmissionForAssignment(assignment)"
               @click="openUploadModalForAssignment(assignment)"
@@ -201,8 +201,10 @@ export default {
     openUploadModalForAssignment(assignment) {
       if (this.isRevisionLimitReachedForAssignment(assignment)) {
         this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-          title: "Revision limit reached",
-          message: `You have reached the maximum number of revisions (${this.maxRevisionsForAssignment(assignment)}).`,
+          title: this.$t("assignments.dashboard.toasts.revisionLimitReached.title"),
+          message: this.$t("assignments.dashboard.toasts.revisionLimitReached.message", {
+            count: this.maxRevisionsForAssignment(assignment),
+          }),
           variant: "warning",
         });
         return;
@@ -210,8 +212,8 @@ export default {
 
       if (!this.canUploadSubmissionForAssignment(assignment)) {
         this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-          title: "Upload not allowed",
-          message: "Submissions are closed for this assignment.",
+          title: this.$t("assignments.dashboard.toasts.uploadNotAllowed.title"),
+          message: this.$t("assignments.dashboard.toasts.uploadNotAllowed.message"),
           variant: "warning",
         });
         return;
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/Tags.vue b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/Tags.vue
index f00ad5dce..d07188983 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/Tags.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/Tags.vue
@@ -1,24 +1,24 @@
 <template>
-  <BasicCard title="Tag Sets">
+  <BasicCard :title="$t('tags.title')">
     <template #headerElements>
       <div class="btn-group gap-2">
         <BasicButton
           class="btn-secondary btn-sm"
-          title="Import Tag Sets"
-          text="Import"
+          :title="$t('common.import')"
+          :text="$t('common.import')"
           icon="upload"
           @click="$refs.importFormatModal.open('tag_set')"
         />
         <BasicButton
           class="btn-secondary btn-sm"
-          title="Export All Tag Sets"
-          text="Export All"
+          :title="$t('modals.importExport.wiring.tags.exportAllTooltip')"
+          :text="$t('common.exportAll')"
           icon="download"
           @click="$refs.exportFormatModal.open(null, 'tag_set', 'tag', null, { key: 'tags' })"
         />
         <BasicButton
           class="btn-primary btn-sm"
-          title="Add new tag set"
+          :title="$t('tags.addNewTagSet')"
           icon="plus"
           @click="$refs.tagSetModal.open(0)"
         />
@@ -39,8 +39,8 @@
     ref="tagSetModal"
   />
   <ConfirmModal ref="confirm"/>
-  <ExportFormatModal ref="exportFormatModal" title="Export Tag Set" />
-  <ImportFormatModal ref="importFormatModal" title="Import Tag Sets" />
+  <ExportFormatModal ref="exportFormatModal" :title="$t('modals.importExport.wiring.tags.exportTitle')" />
+  <ImportFormatModal ref="importFormatModal" :title="$t('modals.importExport.wiring.tags.importTitle')" />
 </template>
 
 <script>
@@ -60,6 +60,7 @@ import ImportFormatModal from "@/basic/modal/ImportFormatModal.vue";
 
 import {mapGetters} from "vuex";
 import ConfirmModal from "@/basic/modal/ConfirmModal.vue";
+import { resolveApiMessage } from "@/assets/utils";
 
 export default {
   name: "DashboardTags",
@@ -82,15 +83,6 @@ export default {
         small: false,
         pagination: 10,
       },
-      columns: [
-        {name: "", key: "select", type: "icon-selector"},
-        {name: "Name", key: "name"},
-        {name: "Created At", key: "createdAt", type: "datetime"},
-        {name: "Last Change", key: "updatedAt", type: "datetime"},
-        {name: "Public", key: "published", type: "badge"},
-        {name: "User", key: "user", type: "badge"},
-        {name: "Tags", key: "tags", type: "badge"},
-      ]
     }
   },
   computed: {
@@ -98,6 +90,17 @@ export default {
       userId: 'auth/getUserId',
       isAdmin: 'auth/isAdmin',
     }),
+    columns() {
+      return [
+        {name: "", key: "select", type: "icon-selector"},
+        {name: this.$t('common.name'), key: "name"},
+        {name: this.$t('common.createdAt'), key: "createdAt", type: "datetime"},
+        {name: this.$t('tags.columns.lastChange'), key: "updatedAt", type: "datetime"},
+        {name: this.$t('common.public'), key: "published", type: "badge"},
+        {name: this.$t('tags.columns.user'), key: "user", type: "badge"},
+        {name: this.$t('tags.columns.tags'), key: "tags", type: "badge"},
+      ];
+    },
     buttons() {
       const buttons = [
         {
@@ -108,7 +111,7 @@ export default {
               "btn-outline-secondary": true,
             }
           },
-          title: "Copy tag set",
+          title: this.$t('tags.copyTagSet'),
           action: "copyTagSet",
           stats: {
             tagSetId: "id",
@@ -125,7 +128,7 @@ export default {
           filter: [
             {key: "userId", value: this.userId},
           ],
-          title: "Edit tag set",
+          title: this.$t('tags.editTagSet'),
           action: "editTagSet",
           stats: {
             tagSetId: "id",
@@ -142,7 +145,7 @@ export default {
           filter: [
             {key: "userId", value: this.userId},
           ],
-          title: "Delete tag set",
+          title: this.$t('tags.deleteTagSet'),
           action: "deleteTagSet",
           stats: {
             tagSetId: "id",
@@ -160,7 +163,7 @@ export default {
             {key: "public", value: false},
             {key: "userId", value: this.userId},
           ],
-          title: "Share tag set",
+          title: this.$t('tags.shareTagSet'),
           action: "publishTagSet",
           stats: {
             tagSetId: "id",
@@ -186,7 +189,7 @@ export default {
         .map(d => {
           let newD = {...d};
           newD.published = {
-            text: newD.public || newD.userId === null ? "Yes" : "No",
+            text: newD.public || newD.userId === null ? this.$t('common.yes') : this.$t('common.no'),
             class: newD.public || newD.userId === null ? "bg-success" : "bg-danger",
           };
           newD.user = {
@@ -194,7 +197,7 @@ export default {
           };
           newD.select = {
             icon: (newD.id === this.selectedTagset) ? "star-fill" : "star",
-            title: "Select tag set as default",
+            title: this.$t('tags.selectAsDefault'),
             action: "defaultTagSet",
             selected: newD.id === this.selectedTagset,
           },
@@ -242,10 +245,10 @@ export default {
     },
     deleteTagSet(row) {
       this.$refs.confirm.open(
-        "Delete Tagset",
-        "Do you really want to delete the Tagset?",
+        this.$t('tags.messages.deleteTitle'),
+        this.$t('tags.messages.deleteConfirm'),
         "",
-        function (val) {
+        (val) => {
           if (val) {
             this.$socket.emit("appDataUpdate", {
               table: "tag_set",
@@ -256,14 +259,14 @@ export default {
             }, (result) => {
               if (result.success) {
                 this.eventBus.emit('toast', {
-                  title: "TagSet deleted",
-                  message: "The TagSet was successfully deleted",
+                  title: this.$t('tags.messages.tagSetDeleted'),
+                  message: this.$t('tags.messages.tagSetDeletedMessage'),
                   variant: "success"
                 });
               } else {
                 this.eventBus.emit('toast', {
-                  title: "TagSet delete failed",
-                  message: result.message,
+                  title: this.$t('errors.tags.tagSetDeleteFailed'),
+                  message: resolveApiMessage(result),
                   variant: "danger"
                 });
               }
@@ -274,13 +277,10 @@ export default {
     },
     publishTagset(row) {
       this.$refs.confirm.open(
-        "Publish Tagset",
-        "Do you really want to publish the tagset? <br><br>" +
-        "      <strong>Note:</strong> Once you published it, you can't unpublish the tagset! If you want to unpublish it, you have to delete it\n" +
-        "      and create a new one.\n" +
-        "      If published the tagset will be available for all users.",
+        this.$t('tags.messages.publishTitle'),
+        this.$t('tags.messages.publishConfirm'),
         "",
-        function (val) {
+        (val) => {
           if (val) {
             this.$socket.emit("appDataUpdate", {
               table: "tag_set",
@@ -291,14 +291,14 @@ export default {
             }, (result) => {
               if (result.success) {
                 this.eventBus.emit('toast', {
-                  title: "TagSet published",
-                  message: "The TagSet was successfully published",
+                  title: this.$t('tags.messages.tagSetPublished'),
+                  message: this.$t('tags.messages.tagSetPublishedMessage'),
                   variant: "success"
                 });
               } else {
                 this.eventBus.emit('toast', {
-                  title: "TagSet publishing failed",
-                  message: result.message,
+                  title: this.$t('errors.tags.tagSetPublishFailed'),
+                  message: resolveApiMessage(result),
                   variant: "danger"
                 });
               }
@@ -314,8 +314,8 @@ export default {
       } else {
         this.eventBus.emit('toast', {
           variant: "danger",
-          title: "Tag set is empty",
-          message: "You can not select an empty tag set as default.",
+          title: this.$t('errors.tags.tagSetEmpty'),
+          message: this.$t('errors.tags.tagSetEmptyMessage'),
         });
       }
     },
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/Templates.vue b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/Templates.vue
index c1103a5a1..9b6e7f84a 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/Templates.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/Templates.vue
@@ -1,31 +1,31 @@
 <template>
-    <Card title="Templates">
+    <Card :title="$t('templates.dashboard.title')">
       <template #headerElements>
         <BasicButton
           class="btn-outline-secondary btn-sm me-2"
-          title="Browse public templates"
-          text="Public Templates"
+          :title="$t('templates.dashboard.browsePublicTemplates')"
+          :text="$t('templates.dashboard.publicTemplates')"
           icon="globe"
           @click="$refs.publicTemplatesModal.open()"
         />
         <BasicButton
           class="btn-outline-secondary btn-sm me-2"
-          title="Import Templates"
-          text="Import"
+          :title="$t('modals.importExport.wiring.templates.importTooltip')"
+          :text="$t('common.import')"
           icon="upload"
           @click="$refs.importFormatModal.open('template')"
         />
         <BasicButton
           class="btn-outline-secondary btn-sm me-2"
-          title="Export All Templates"
-          text="Export All"
+          :title="$t('modals.importExport.wiring.templates.exportAllTooltip')"
+          :text="$t('common.exportAll')"
           icon="download"
           @click="$refs.exportFormatModal.open(null, 'template')"
         />
         <BasicButton
           class="btn-primary btn-sm"
-          title="Add new template"
-          text="Add Template"
+          :title="$t('templates.dashboard.addNewTemplate')"
+          :text="$t('templates.dashboard.addTemplate')"
           icon="plus"
           @click="$refs.templateModal.open(0)"
         />
@@ -46,8 +46,8 @@
     <TemplateDetachModal ref="detachModal" />
     <TemplateUpdateModal ref="updateModal" />
     <PublicTemplatesModal ref="publicTemplatesModal" />
-    <ExportFormatModal ref="exportFormatModal" title="Export Template" />
-    <ImportFormatModal ref="importFormatModal" title="Import Templates" />
+    <ExportFormatModal ref="exportFormatModal" :title="$t('modals.importExport.wiring.templates.exportTitle')" />
+    <ImportFormatModal ref="importFormatModal" :title="$t('modals.importExport.wiring.templates.importTitle')" />
   </template>
   
   <script>
@@ -60,6 +60,7 @@
   import TemplateDetachModal from "./templates/TemplateDetachModal.vue";
   import TemplateUpdateModal from "./templates/TemplateUpdateModal.vue";
   import PublicTemplatesModal from "./templates/PublicTemplatesModal.vue";
+  import { resolveApiMessage } from "@/assets/utils";
   import ExportFormatModal from "@/basic/modal/ExportFormatModal.vue";
   import ImportFormatModal from "@/basic/modal/ImportFormatModal.vue";
   /**
@@ -97,17 +98,19 @@
           small: false,
           pagination: 10,
         },
-        columns: [
-          { name: "ID", key: "id" },
-          { name: "Name", key: "name", sortable: true },
-          { name: "Created At", key: "createdAt", sortable: true, type: "datetime" },
-          { name: "Updated At", key: "updatedAt", sortable: true, type: "datetime" },
-          { name: "Type", key: "typeName", sortable: true },
-          { name: "Status", key: "statusBadge", type: "badge" },
-        ],
       };
     },
     computed: {
+      columns() {
+        return [
+          { name: this.$t("common.id"), key: "id" },
+          { name: this.$t("common.name"), key: "name", sortable: true },
+          { name: this.$t("common.createdAt"), key: "createdAt", sortable: true, type: "datetime" },
+          { name: this.$t("common.updatedAt"), key: "updatedAt", sortable: true, type: "datetime" },
+          { name: this.$t("common.type"), key: "typeName", sortable: true },
+          { name: this.$t("common.status"), key: "statusBadge", type: "badge" },
+        ];
+      },
       templates() {
         return this.$store.getters["table/template/getAll"]
           .filter(t => t.userId === this.userId)
@@ -143,7 +146,7 @@
               { key: "isCopy", value: false },
             ],
             filterMode: "and",
-            title: "Edit template",
+            title: this.$t("templates.dashboard.actions.editTemplate"),
             action: "edit",
           },
           // Edit content - own non-copy templates only
@@ -160,7 +163,7 @@
               { key: "isCopy", value: false },
             ],
             filterMode: "and",
-            title: "Edit content",
+            title: this.$t("templates.dashboard.actions.editContent"),
             action: "editContent",
           },
           // Edit content - for copies (detaches first)
@@ -173,7 +176,7 @@
               },
             },
             filter: [{ key: "isCopy", value: true }],
-            title: "Edit content",
+            title: this.$t("templates.dashboard.actions.editContent"),
             action: "editContentCopy",
           },
           // View content (read-only) - for copies
@@ -186,7 +189,7 @@
               },
             },
             filter: [{ key: "isCopy", value: true }],
-            title: "View content (read-only)",
+            title: this.$t("templates.dashboard.actions.viewContentReadOnly"),
             action: "viewContent",
           },
           // Publish - own non-copy non-public templates only
@@ -204,7 +207,7 @@
               { key: "isCopy", value: false },
             ],
             filterMode: "and",
-            title: "Publish template",
+            title: this.$t("templates.dashboard.actions.publishTemplate"),
             action: "togglePublished",
           },
           // Published badge - own non-copy public templates only
@@ -223,7 +226,7 @@
               { key: "isCopy", value: false },
             ],
             filterMode: "and",
-            title: "Published (cannot be unpublished)",
+            title: this.$t("templates.dashboard.actions.publishedCannotBeUnpublished"),
             action: null,
           },
           // Source updated - copies with updates available (opens modal with Update / Make new copy)
@@ -236,7 +239,7 @@
               },
             },
             filter: [{ key: "hasUpdate", value: true }],
-            title: "Source updated",
+            title: this.$t("templates.dashboard.actions.sourceUpdated"),
             action: "openUpdateModal",
           },
           // Export
@@ -265,7 +268,7 @@
               { key: "canDelete", value: true }
             ],
             filterMode: "and",
-            title: "Delete template",
+            title: this.$t("templates.dashboard.actions.deleteTemplate"),
             action: "delete",
           },
         ];
@@ -277,14 +280,14 @@
     methods: {
       typeName(type) {
         switch (type) {
-          case 1: return "Email - General";
-          case 2: return "Email - Study Session";
-          case 3: return "Email - Assignment";
-          case 4: return "Document - General";
-          case 5: return "Document - Study";
-          case 6: return "Email - Study Close";
-          case 7: return "Email - Submission upload";
-          default: return "Choose Type"
+          case 1: return this.$t("templates.types.emailGeneral");
+          case 2: return this.$t("templates.types.emailStudySession");
+          case 3: return this.$t("templates.types.emailAssignment");
+          case 4: return this.$t("templates.types.documentGeneral");
+          case 5: return this.$t("templates.types.documentStudy");
+          case 6: return this.$t("templates.types.emailStudyClose");
+          case 7: return this.$t("templates.types.emailSubmissionUpload");
+          default: return this.$t("templates.dashboard.chooseType")
         }
       },
       /**
@@ -312,12 +315,12 @@
       getStatusBadge(isCopy, sourceStatus, isPublic) {
         // TBadge expects value with .text (and optional .class)
         if (!isCopy) {
-          const text = isPublic ? "Published" : "Draft";
+          const text = isPublic ? this.$t("templates.dashboard.status.published") : this.$t("templates.dashboard.status.draft");
           return { text, class: isPublic ? "bg-success" : "bg-secondary" };
         }
-        if (sourceStatus === "updated") return { text: "Update available", class: "bg-info" };
-        if (sourceStatus === "unavailable") return { text: "Source unavailable", class: "bg-warning text-dark" };
-        return { text: "Copy", class: "bg-secondary" };
+        if (sourceStatus === "updated") return { text: this.$t("templates.dashboard.status.updateAvailable"), class: "bg-info" };
+        if (sourceStatus === "unavailable") return { text: this.$t("templates.dashboard.status.sourceUnavailable"), class: "bg-warning text-dark" };
+        return { text: this.$t("common.copy"), class: "bg-secondary" };
       },
       action(data) {
         switch (data.action) {
@@ -355,15 +358,15 @@
           this.$socket.emit("templateDetach", { templateId: t.id }, (result) => {
             if (result.success) {
               this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-                title: "Template detached",
-                message: "You can now edit this template",
+                title: this.$t("templates.dashboard.toasts.templateDetached.title"),
+                message: this.$t("templates.dashboard.toasts.templateDetached.message"),
                 variant: "success",
               });
               this.$router.push(`/template/${t.id}`);
             } else {
               this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-                title: "Detach failed",
-                message: result.message,
+                title: this.$t("templates.dashboard.toasts.detachFailed"),
+                message: resolveApiMessage(result),
                 variant: "danger",
               });
             }
@@ -372,8 +375,8 @@
       },
       deleteTemplate(template) {
         this.$refs.deleteConf.open(
-          "Delete Template",
-          `Are you sure you want to delete "${template.name}"?`,
+          this.$t("templates.dashboard.confirmDelete.title"),
+          this.$t("templates.dashboard.confirmDelete.message", { name: template.name }),
           null,
           (confirmed) => {
             if (confirmed) {
@@ -382,8 +385,8 @@
               }, (result) => {
                 if (!result.success) {
                   this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-                    title: "Template delete failed",
-                    message: result.message,
+                    title: this.$t("templates.dashboard.toasts.templateDeleteFailed"),
+                    message: resolveApiMessage(result),
                     variant: "danger",
                   });
                 }
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/UserStatistics.vue b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/UserStatistics.vue
index bca021960..552b93b23 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/UserStatistics.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/UserStatistics.vue
@@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
 <template>
-  <Card title="Users">
+  <Card :title="$t('users.title')">
     <template #headerElements>
       <div class="btn-group gap-2">
         <BasicButton
             class="btn btn-sm btn-secondary"
-            title="Export as CSV"
+            :title="$t('users.stats.exportCsv')"
             icon="cloud-arrow-down"
             @click="downloadBehaviourData('csv')"
         />
         <BasicButton
             class="btn btn-sm btn-secondary"
-            title="Export as JSON"
+            :title="$t('users.stats.exportJson')"
             icon="cloud-arrow-down"
             @click="downloadBehaviourData('json')"
         />
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
       <BasicTable
           ref="user_table"
           v-model="selectedUsers"
-          :columns="user_table.columns"
+          :columns="userTableColumns"
           :data="users"
           :options="user_table.options"
           :max-table-height="'25vh'"
@@ -29,11 +29,11 @@
   </Card>
   <hr>
   <Card
-      :title="`Stats for ${selectedUsers ? selectedUsers.length : 0} User${selectedUsers && selectedUsers.length !== 1 ? 's': ''}`">
+      :title="$t('users.stats.userStatsTitle', selectedUsers ? selectedUsers.length : 0, { count: selectedUsers ? selectedUsers.length : 0 })">
     <template #body>
       <BasicTable
           ref="stats_table"
-          :columns="stats_table.columns"
+          :columns="statsTableColumns"
           :data="stats"
           :options="stats_table.options"
           :max-table-height="'25vh'"
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@
 import BasicTable from "@/basic/Table.vue";
 import BasicButton from "@/basic/Button.vue";
 import Card from "@/basic/dashboard/card/Card.vue";
-import {downloadObjectsAs} from "@/assets/utils";
+import {downloadObjectsAs, formatLocalizedDate} from "@/assets/utils";
 
 /**
  * Shows various user behavior stats
@@ -83,11 +83,6 @@ export default {
           pagination: 10,
           selectableRows: true,
         },
-        columns: [
-          {name: "User", key: "userName", sortable: true},
-          {name: "ID", key: "id", sortable: true},
-          {name: "Last Login", key: "lastLoginAt", sortable: true},
-        ],
       },
       stats_table: {
         options: {
@@ -98,21 +93,30 @@ export default {
           small: false,
           pagination: 20
         },
-        columns: [
-          {name: "Time", key: "timestamp", sortable: true},
-          {name: "User", key: "userId", sortable: true},
-          {name: "Action", key: "action", sortable: true},
-          {name: "Data", key: "data", sortable: true},
-        ],
       },
       selectedUsers: []
     }
   },
   computed: {
+    userTableColumns() {
+      return [
+        {name: this.$t('users.stats.columns.user'), key: "userName", sortable: true},
+        {name: this.$t('users.stats.columns.id'), key: "id", sortable: true},
+        {name: this.$t('users.stats.columns.lastLogin'), key: "lastLoginAt", sortable: true},
+      ];
+    },
+    statsTableColumns() {
+      return [
+        {name: this.$t('users.stats.columns.time'), key: "timestamp", sortable: true},
+        {name: this.$t('users.stats.columns.user'), key: "userId", sortable: true},
+        {name: this.$t('users.stats.columns.action'), key: "action", sortable: true},
+        {name: this.$t('users.stats.columns.data'), key: "data", sortable: true},
+      ];
+    },
     users() {
       return this.$store.getters["table/user/getAll"].map(u => {
         let uNew = {...u};
-        uNew.lastLoginAt = u.lastLoginAt ? (new Date(u.lastLoginAt)).toLocaleDateString() : "-";
+        uNew.lastLoginAt = u.lastLoginAt ? formatLocalizedDate(u.lastLoginAt) : "-";
         return uNew;
       });
     },
@@ -144,8 +148,8 @@ export default {
           downloadObjectsAs(response.data, filename, file_type);
         } else {
           this.eventBus.emit('toast', {
-            title: "Export Failed",
-            message: "Export failed.",
+            title: this.$t('users.stats.toasts.exportFailedTitle'),
+            message: this.$t('users.stats.toasts.exportFailedMessage'),
             variant: "danger"
           });
         }
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/Users.vue b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/Users.vue
index 2cd94be18..abb8d1dc6 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/Users.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/Users.vue
@@ -1,26 +1,26 @@
 <template>
   <div>
-  <Card title="Users">
+  <Card :title="$t('users.title')">
     <template #headerElements>
       <div class="d-flex align-items-center flex-wrap gap-2">
         <BasicButton
             class="btn btn-secondary btn-sm"
-            title="Live Sessions"
-            text="Live Sessions"
+            :title="$t('users.liveSessions')"
+            :text="$t('users.liveSessions')"
             icon="people-fill"
             @click="openSessionDetailsModal()"
         />
         <BasicButton
             class="btn btn-secondary btn-sm"
-            title="Download Users"
-            text="Download Users"
+            :title="$t('users.downloadUsers')"
+            :text="$t('users.downloadUsers')"
             icon="download"
             @click="downloadUsers"
         />
         <BasicButton
             class="btn btn-secondary btn-sm"
-            title="Rights Management"
-            text="Rights Management"
+            :title="$t('users.assignRoles')"
+            :text="$t('users.assignRoles')"
             icon="shield-lock"
             @click="openRightsManagementModal"
         />
@@ -33,29 +33,29 @@
         />
         <BasicButton
             class="btn btn-secondary btn-sm"
-            title="Upload Password"
-            text="Upload Password"
+            :title="$t('users.uploadPassword')"
+            :text="$t('users.uploadPassword')"
             icon="key"
             @click="openUploadModal"
         />
         <BasicButton
             class="btn btn-secondary btn-sm"
-            title="Import via CSV"
-            text="Import CSV"
+            :title="$t('users.importCsv')"
+            :text="$t('users.importCsv')"
             icon="filetype-csv"
             @click="openImportModal('csv')"
         />
         <BasicButton
             class="btn btn-secondary btn-sm"
-            title="Import via Moodle"
-            text="Import via Moodle"
+            :title="$t('users.importViaMoodle')"
+            :text="$t('users.importViaMoodle')"
             icon="box-arrow-in-down"
             @click="openImportModal('moodle')"
         />
         <BasicButton
             class="btn btn-primary btn-sm"
-            title="Add User"
-            text="Add User"
+            :title="$t('users.addUser')"
+            :text="$t('users.addUser')"
             icon="person-plus"
             @click="openUserAddModal"
         />
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ import UploadModal from "./users/UploadModal.vue";
 import UserAddModal from "./users/UserCreateModal.vue";
 import ConfirmModal from "@/basic/modal/ConfirmModal.vue";
 import PasswordModal from "@/basic/modal/PasswordModal.vue";
-import {downloadObjectsAs} from "@/assets/utils";
+import {downloadObjectsAs, formatLocalizedDate, resolveApiMessage} from "@/assets/utils";
 import ActiveSessionsModal from "./users/ActiveSessionsModal.vue";
 
 /**
@@ -186,33 +186,44 @@ export default {
           order: "ASC",
         },
       },
-      columns: [
-        { name: '', key: 'activeIndicator', filterKey: 'isActive', type: 'icon', sortable: true, sortKey: 'isActive', width: 1, fixed: "left",
-          style: { width: '1px', whiteSpace: "nowrap", textAlign: "center" },
-          typeOptions: { size: 6 }, 
-          filter: [
-                { key:'true',name:'active'},
-                { key:'false',name:'inactive'},
-          ]},
-        {name: "ID", key: "id", sortable: true, fixed: "left"},
-        {name: "First Name", key: "firstName", fixed: "left"},
-        {name: "Last Name", key: "lastName"},
-        {name: "User", key: "userName"},
-        {name: "Email", key: "email"},
-        {name: "Accept Terms", key: "acceptTerms", sortable: true},
-        {name: "Accept Stats", key: "acceptStats", sortable: true},
-        {name: "Accept Data Sharing", key: "acceptDataSharing", sortable: true},
-        {name: "Verified", key: "emailVerified"},
-        {name: "Last Login", key: "lastLoginAt", sortable: true},
-      ],
       // Possible values for role here are all the roles in the DB.
       role: "all",
     };
   },
   computed: {
+    columns() {
+      return [
+        {
+          name: '',
+          key: 'activeIndicator',
+          filterKey: 'isActive',
+          type: 'icon',
+          sortable: true,
+          sortKey: 'isActive',
+          width: 1,
+          fixed: 'left',
+          style: { width: '1px', whiteSpace: 'nowrap', textAlign: 'center' },
+          typeOptions: { size: 6 },
+          filter: [
+            { key: 'true', name: this.$t('common.active') },
+            { key: 'false', name: this.$t('common.inactive') },
+          ],
+        },
+        {name: this.$t('common.id'), key: "id", sortable: true, fixed: "left"},
+        {name: this.$t('users.columns.firstName'), key: "firstName", fixed: "left"},
+        {name: this.$t('users.columns.lastName'), key: "lastName"},
+        {name: this.$t('users.columns.userName'), key: "userName"},
+        {name: this.$t('users.columns.email'), key: "email"},
+        {name: this.$t('users.columns.acceptTerms'), key: "acceptTerms", sortable: true},
+        {name: this.$t('users.columns.acceptStats'), key: "acceptStats", sortable: true},
+        {name: this.$t('users.columns.acceptDataSharing'), key: "acceptDataSharing", sortable: true},
+        {name: this.$t('users.columns.verified'), key: "emailVerified"},
+        {name: this.$t('users.columns.lastLogin'), key: "lastLoginAt", sortable: true},
+      ];
+    },
     monitorStats() {
-    return this.$store.getters["admin/getMonitorStats"];
-  },
+      return this.$store.getters["admin/getMonitorStats"];
+    },
     users() {
       const activeIds = new Set(this.monitorStats.connectedUsers.map(u => u.userId));
       return this.$store.getters["admin/getUsersByRole"].map((user) => {
@@ -221,8 +232,8 @@ export default {
           ...this.formatUserData(user),
           isActive,
           activeIndicator: isActive
-            ? { icon: 'circle-fill', color: '#198754', title: 'Online' }
-            : { icon: 'circle', color: '#6c757d', title: 'Offline' },
+            ? { icon: 'circle-fill', color: '#198754', title: this.$t('common.online') }
+            : { icon: 'circle', color: '#6c757d', title: this.$t('common.offline') },
         };
       });
     },
@@ -252,7 +263,7 @@ export default {
     buttons() {
       return [
         {
-          title: "Edit User",
+          title: this.$t('users.editUser'),
           action: "editUser",
           stats: {
             userId: "id",
@@ -266,7 +277,7 @@ export default {
           },
         },
         {
-          title: "View Rights",
+          title: this.$t('users.viewRights'),
           action: "viewRights",
           stats: {
             userId: "id",
@@ -280,7 +291,7 @@ export default {
           },
         },
         {
-          title: "Reset Password",
+          title: this.$t('users.resetPassword'),
           action: "resetPassword",
           stats: {
             userId: "id",
@@ -294,7 +305,7 @@ export default {
           },
         },
         {
-          title: "View Sessions",
+          title: this.$t('users.viewSessions'),
           action: "viewSessions",
           stats: {
             userId: "id",
@@ -309,7 +320,7 @@ export default {
           },
         },
         {
-          title: "Delete User",
+          title: this.$t('users.deleteUser'),
           action: "deleteUser",
           stats: {
             userId: "id",
@@ -372,15 +383,16 @@ export default {
       this.$socket.emit("userGetByRole", {role: this.role}, (response) => {
         if (!response.success) {
           this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-            title: "Error fetching users",
-            message: response.message,
+            title: this.$t('errors.users.errorFetchingUsers'),
+            // Use resolveApiMessage to handle both new (key/params) and legacy (message) error formats
+            message: resolveApiMessage(response),
             variant: "danger",
           });
         }
       });
     },
     formatUserData(user) {
-      const formatDate = (date) => (date ? new Date(date).toLocaleDateString() : "-");
+      const formatDate = (date) => (date ? formatLocalizedDate(date) : "-");
 
       return {
         ...user,
@@ -419,7 +431,7 @@ export default {
       this.openPasswordModal(user.id);
     },
     deleteUser(user) {
-      this.openConfirmModal("Delete User", "Are you sure you want to delete this user?", null, (val) => {
+      this.$refs.confirmModal.open(this.$t('users.messages.deleteTitle'), this.$t('users.messages.deleteConfirm'), null, (val) => {
         if (val) {
           this.$socket.emit(
               "appDataUpdate",
@@ -433,15 +445,15 @@ export default {
               (result) => {
                 if (result.success) {
                   this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-                    title: "User deleted",
-                    message: "User has been deleted",
+                    title: this.$t('users.messages.userDeleted'),
+                    message: this.$t('users.messages.userDeletedMessage'),
                     variant: "success",
                   });
                   this.fetchUsers();
                 } else {
                   this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-                    title: "User not deleted",
-                    message: result.message,
+                    title: this.$t('errors.users.userNotDeleted'),
+                    message: resolveApiMessage(result),
                     variant: "danger",
                   });
                 }
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/Workflows.vue b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/Workflows.vue
index 4a61fa715..461fae50f 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/Workflows.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/Workflows.vue
@@ -1,23 +1,23 @@
 <template>
-  <Card title="Workflows">
+  <Card :title="$t('workflow.dashboard.title')">
     <template #headerElements>
       <BasicButton
         class="btn btn-primary btn-sm"
-        title="Add Workflow"
-        text="Add Workflow"
+        :title="$t('workflow.dashboard.addWorkflow')"
+        :text="$t('workflow.dashboard.addWorkflow')"
         @click="$refs.workflowCreateModal.open()"
       />
       <BasicButton
         class="btn btn-secondary btn-sm ms-2"
-        title="Export Workflows"
-        text="Export All"
+        :title="$t('workflow.dashboard.exportWorkflows')"
+        :text="$t('workflow.dashboard.exportAll')"
         icon="download"
         @click="exportWorkflows"
       />
       <BasicButton
         class="btn btn-secondary btn-sm ms-2"
-        title="import Workflows"
-        text="Import"
+        :title="$t('workflow.dashboard.importWorkflows')"
+        :text="$t('common.import')"
         icon="upload"
         @click="importWorkflows"
       />
@@ -47,10 +47,11 @@
   />
   <ExportFormatModal
     ref="exportFormatModal"
+    :title="$t('workflow.exportFormatModal.title')"
   />
   <ImportFormatModal
     ref="importFormatModal"
-    title="Import Workflows"
+    :title="$t('workflow.importFormatModal.title')"
   />
   <ConfirmModal ref="confirmModal" />
 </template>
@@ -60,6 +61,7 @@ import BasicTable from "@/basic/Table.vue";
 import Card from "@/basic/dashboard/card/Card.vue";
 import BasicButton from "@/basic/Button.vue";
 import ConfirmModal from "@/basic/modal/ConfirmModal.vue";
+import { resolveApiMessage } from "@/assets/utils";
 
 // Modal components
 import WorkflowCreateModal from "./workflows/WorkflowCreateModal.vue";
@@ -106,37 +108,42 @@ export default {
           order: "ASC",
         },
       },
-      columns: [
-        { name: "ID", key: "id", sortable: true },
-        { name: "Name", key: "name", sortable: true },
+    };
+  },
+  computed: {
+    columns() {
+      return [
+        { name: this.$t("common.id"), key: "id", sortable: true },
+        { name: this.$t("common.name"), key: "name", sortable: true },
         {
-          name: "Type",
+          name: this.$t("common.type"),
           key: "workflowType",
           type: "badge",
           typeOptions: {
-            keyMapping: { system: "System", user: "User" },
+            keyMapping: {
+              system: this.$t("workflow.dashboard.types.system"),
+              user: this.$t("workflow.dashboard.types.user"),
+            },
             classMapping: { system: "bg-info", user: "bg-secondary" },
           },
         },
-        { name: "Hidden", key: "hidden", type: "badge" },
-        { name: "Created", key: "createdAt", sortable: true },
-        { name: "Last Update", key: "updatedAt", sortable: true},
-      ],
-    };
-  },
-  computed: {
+        { name: this.$t("workflow.dashboard.columns.hidden"), key: "hidden", type: "badge" },
+        { name: this.$t("common.createdAt"), key: "createdAt", sortable: true },
+        { name: this.$t("common.updatedAt"), key: "updatedAt", sortable: true},
+      ];
+    },
     workflows() {
         return this.$store.getters["table/workflow/getFiltered"](
           (workflow) => workflow.userId === null || workflow.userId === this.userId
         ).map(workflow => ({
-          ...workflow,
-          workflowType: workflow.userId === null ? "system" : "user",
-          isEditable: this.isAdmin || workflow.userId === this.userId,
-          hidden: {
-            text: workflow.hideInFrontend ? "Yes" : "No",
-            class: workflow.hideInFrontend ? "bg-warning" : "bg-success",
-          }
-        }));
+            ...workflow,
+            workflowType: workflow.userId === null ? "system" : "user",
+            isEditable: this.isAdmin || workflow.userId === this.userId,
+            hidden: {
+              text: workflow.hideInFrontend ? this.$t("common.yes") : this.$t("common.no"),
+              class: workflow.hideInFrontend ? "bg-warning" : "bg-success",
+            }
+          }));
     },
     isAdmin() {
       return this.$store.getters['auth/isAdmin'];
@@ -147,7 +154,7 @@ export default {
     buttons() {
       return [
         {
-          title: "copy Workflow",
+          title: this.$t("workflow.dashboard.actions.copyWorkflow"),
           action: "copyWorkflow",
           stats: { workflowId: "id" },
           icon: "files",
@@ -162,7 +169,7 @@ export default {
           },
         },
         {
-          title: "Edit Workflow",
+          title: this.$t("workflow.dashboard.actions.editWorkflow"),
           action: "editWorkflow",
           stats: { workflowId: "id" },
           icon: "diagram-3",
@@ -174,7 +181,7 @@ export default {
           },
         },
         {
-          title: "Rename Workflow",
+          title: this.$t("workflow.dashboard.actions.renameWorkflow"),
           action: "renameWorkflow",
           stats: { workflowId: "id" },
           icon: "fonts",
@@ -189,7 +196,7 @@ export default {
           },
         },
         {
-          title: "Export Workflow",
+          title: this.$t("workflow.dashboard.actions.exportWorkflow"),
           action: "exportWorkflow",
           stats: { workflowId: "id" },
           icon: "download",
@@ -201,7 +208,7 @@ export default {
           },
         },
         {
-          title: "Toggle Hidden",
+          title: this.$t("workflow.dashboard.actions.toggleHidden"),
           action: "toggleHidden",
           stats: { workflowId: "id" },
           icon: "eye-slash",
@@ -216,7 +223,7 @@ export default {
           },
         },
         {
-          title: "Delete Workflow",
+          title: this.$t("workflow.dashboard.actions.deleteWorkflow"),
           action: "deleteWorkflow",
           stats: { workflowId: "id" },
           icon: "trash",
@@ -291,14 +298,16 @@ export default {
         (result) => {
           if (result.success) {
             this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-              title: "Workflow Updated",
-              message: `Workflow is now ${newHiddenState ? 'hidden' : 'visible'} in frontend`,
+              title: this.$t("workflow.dashboard.toasts.workflowUpdated.title"),
+              message: this.$t("workflow.dashboard.toasts.workflowUpdated.message", {
+                state: newHiddenState ? this.$t("workflow.dashboard.visibility.hidden") : this.$t("workflow.dashboard.visibility.visible"),
+              }),
               variant: "success",
             });
           } else {
             this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-              title: "Update Failed",
-              message: result.message,
+              title: this.$t("workflow.dashboard.toasts.updateFailed"),
+              message: resolveApiMessage(result),
               variant: "danger",
             });
           }
@@ -310,9 +319,9 @@ export default {
       const workflow = this.workflows.find(w => w.id === params.id);
       
       this.$refs.confirmModal.open(
-        "Delete Workflow",
-        `Are you sure you want to delete the workflow "${workflow.name}"?`,
-        "This action cannot be undone.",
+        this.$t("workflow.dashboard.confirmDelete.title"),
+        this.$t("workflow.dashboard.confirmDelete.message", { name: workflow.name }),
+        this.$t("workflow.dashboard.confirmDelete.warning"),
         (confirmed) => {
           if (confirmed) {
             this.$socket.emit(
@@ -327,14 +336,14 @@ export default {
               (result) => {
                 if (result.success) {
                   this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-                    title: "Workflow Deleted",
-                    message: "Workflow has been deleted",
+                    title: this.$t("workflow.dashboard.toasts.workflowDeleted.title"),
+                    message: this.$t("workflow.dashboard.toasts.workflowDeleted.message"),
                     variant: "success",
                   });
                 } else {
                   this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-                    title: "Delete Failed",
-                    message: result.message,
+                    title: this.$t("workflow.dashboard.toasts.deleteFailed"),
+                    message: resolveApiMessage(result),
                     variant: "danger",
                   });
                 }
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/assignments/AssignmentModal.vue b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/assignments/AssignmentModal.vue
index abc352a52..b928bba1c 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/assignments/AssignmentModal.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/assignments/AssignmentModal.vue
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
     ref="stepperModal"
     :steps="steps"
     :validation="stepValidation"
-    submit-text="Save Assignment"
+    :submit-text="$t('assignments.dashboard.modal.submitText')"
     @submit="submit"
   >
     <template #title>
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 	<template #step-1>
       <div class="p-3">
         <div class="d-flex align-items-center gap-3 mb-3">
-          <span :class="assignByRole ? 'fw-bold' : 'text-muted'">Roles</span>
+          <span :class="assignByRole ? 'fw-bold' : 'text-muted'">{{ $t('assignments.dashboard.modal.assignMode.roles') }}</span>
           <div class="form-check form-switch mb-0">
             <input
               id="assignModeSwitch"
@@ -25,11 +25,11 @@
             />
             <label class="form-check-label" for="assignModeSwitch" />
           </div>
-          <span :class="assignByUser ? 'fw-bold' : 'text-muted'">Users</span>
+          <span :class="assignByUser ? 'fw-bold' : 'text-muted'">{{ $t('assignments.dashboard.modal.assignMode.users') }}</span>
         </div>
 
         <div v-if="!assignByUser">
-          <p class="text-muted mb-2">Select one or more roles allowed for this assignment.</p>
+          <p class="text-muted mb-2">{{ $t('assignments.dashboard.modal.step1.rolesHint') }}</p>
           <BasicTable
             v-model="selectedRoles"
             :columns="roleColumns"
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@
         </div>
 
         <div v-else>
-          <p class="text-muted mb-2">Select one or more users allowed for this assignment.</p>
+          <p class="text-muted mb-2">{{ $t('assignments.dashboard.modal.step1.usersHint') }}</p>
           <BasicTable
             v-model="selectedUsers"
             :columns="userColumns"
@@ -68,6 +68,7 @@
 import StepperModal from "@/basic/modal/StepperModal.vue";
 import BasicForm from "@/basic/Form.vue";
 import BasicTable from "@/basic/Table.vue";
+import { resolveApiMessage } from "@/assets/utils";
 
 /**
  * Multi-step modal for creating and editing assignments.
@@ -90,20 +91,6 @@ export default {
 			formData: {},
 			selectedRoles: [],
 			selectedUsers: [],
-			steps: [
-				{ title: "User Roles" },
-				{ title: "Assignment" },
-			],
-			roleColumns: [
-				{ name: "ID", key: "id", sortable: true },
-				{ name: "Role", key: "name", sortable: true },
-			],
-			userColumns: [
-				{ name: "ID", key: "id", sortable: true },
-				{ name: "Username", key: "userName", sortable: true },
-				{ name: "First Name", key: "firstName", sortable: true },
-				{ name: "Last Name", key: "lastName", sortable: true },
-			],
 			selectionTableOptions: {
 				striped: true,
 				hover: true,
@@ -118,6 +105,26 @@ export default {
 		};
 	},
 	computed: {
+		steps() {
+			return [
+				{ title: this.$t("assignments.dashboard.modal.steps.userRoles") },
+				{ title: this.$t("assignments.dashboard.modal.steps.assignment") },
+			];
+		},
+		roleColumns() {
+			return [
+				{ name: this.$t("dashboard.uploadModal.columns.id"), key: "id", sortable: true },
+				{ name: this.$t("assignments.dashboard.modal.columns.role"), key: "name", sortable: true },
+			];
+		},
+		userColumns() {
+			return [
+				{ name: this.$t("dashboard.uploadModal.columns.id"), key: "id", sortable: true },
+				{ name: this.$t("dashboard.uploadModal.columns.userName"), key: "userName", sortable: true },
+				{ name: this.$t("dashboard.uploadModal.columns.firstName"), key: "firstName", sortable: true },
+				{ name: this.$t("dashboard.uploadModal.columns.lastName"), key: "lastName", sortable: true },
+			];
+		},
 		projectId() {
 		return this.$store.getters["settings/getValueAsInt"]("projects.default");
 		},
@@ -154,8 +161,10 @@ export default {
 				});
 		},
 		modalTitle() {
-			if (this.isCopy) return "Copy Assignment";
-			return this.assignmentId !== 0 ? "Edit Assignment" : "New Assignment";
+			if (this.isCopy) return this.$t("assignments.dashboard.modal.titles.copy");
+			return this.assignmentId !== 0
+				? this.$t("assignments.dashboard.modal.titles.edit")
+				: this.$t("assignments.dashboard.modal.titles.new");
 		},
 	},
 	methods: {
@@ -229,8 +238,8 @@ export default {
 				if (!assignmentResult.success) {
 					this.$refs.stepperModal.setWaiting(false);
 					this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-						title: "Could not save assignment",
-						message: assignmentResult.message,
+						title: this.$t("assignments.dashboard.modal.toasts.saveFailed"),
+						message: resolveApiMessage(assignmentResult),
 						variant: "danger",
 					});
 					return;
@@ -265,8 +274,10 @@ export default {
 				this.$refs.stepperModal.setWaiting(false);
 				this.assignmentId = savedAssignmentId;
 				this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-					title: "Assignment saved",
-					message: `Assignment has been successfully ${payload.id ? "updated" : "created"}.`,
+					title: this.$t("assignments.dashboard.modal.toasts.saveSuccess.title"),
+					message: payload.id
+						? this.$t("assignments.dashboard.modal.toasts.saveSuccess.messageUpdated")
+						: this.$t("assignments.dashboard.modal.toasts.saveSuccess.messageCreated"),
 					variant: "success",
 				});
 				this.$refs.stepperModal.close();
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/assignments/AssignmentSubmissionsModal.vue b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/assignments/AssignmentSubmissionsModal.vue
index 1936c6211..4e06ffc7c 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/assignments/AssignmentSubmissionsModal.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/assignments/AssignmentSubmissionsModal.vue
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
     name="assignmentSubmissionsModal"
   >
     <template #title>
-      <span>Submissions for {{ assignmentTitle }}</span>
+      <span>{{ $t('assignments.dashboard.submissionsModal.title', { title: assignmentTitle }) }}</span>
     </template>
     <template #body>
       <AssignmentSubmissionsTable
@@ -18,19 +18,19 @@
         v-if="isRevisionLimitReached"
         class="text-warning me-3"
       >
-        Maximum number of revisions ({{ maxRevisions }}) reached.
+        {{ $t('assignments.dashboard.submissionsModal.revisionLimitWarning', { count: maxRevisions }) }}
       </span>
       <span class="btn-group">
         
         <BasicButton
           class="btn btn-secondary"
-          title="Close"
+          :title="$t('common.close')"
           @click="close"
         />
         <BasicButton
           class="btn btn-primary"
-          title="Upload Submission"
-          text="Upload Submission"
+          :title="$t('dashboard.uploadModal.title')"
+          :text="$t('dashboard.uploadModal.title')"
           icon="file-earmark-arrow-up"
           :disabled="!canUploadSubmission"
           @click="openUploadModal"
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ export default {
       return this.currentUserMaxRevisionDepth >= this.maxRevisions;
     },
     assignmentTitle() {
-      return this.assignment?.title || `Assignment #${this.assignmentId}`;
+      return this.assignment?.title || this.$t("assignments.dashboard.submissionsModal.fallbackAssignmentTitle", { id: this.assignmentId });
     },
     submissions() {
       return this.$store.getters["table/submission/getFiltered"](
@@ -173,16 +173,16 @@ export default {
     openUploadModal() {
       if (this.isRevisionLimitReached) {
         this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-          title: "Revision limit reached",
-          message: `You have reached the maximum number of revisions (${this.maxRevisions}).`,
+          title: this.$t("assignments.dashboard.toasts.revisionLimitReached.title"),
+          message: this.$t("assignments.dashboard.toasts.revisionLimitReached.message", { count: this.maxRevisions }),
           variant: "warning",
         });
         return;
       }
       if (!this.canUploadSubmission) {
         this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-          title: "Upload not allowed",
-          message: "Submissions are closed for this assignment. Only admins can upload now.",
+          title: this.$t("assignments.dashboard.toasts.uploadNotAllowed.title"),
+          message: this.$t("assignments.dashboard.toasts.uploadNotAllowed.messageAdmin"),
           variant: "warning",
         });
         return;
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/assignments/AssignmentSubmissionsTable.vue b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/assignments/AssignmentSubmissionsTable.vue
index 114f22c2d..e05d39093 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/assignments/AssignmentSubmissionsTable.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/assignments/AssignmentSubmissionsTable.vue
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 import BasicTable from "@/basic/Table.vue";
 import AssignmentUploadModal from "@/components/dashboard/assignments/AssignmentUploadModal.vue";
 import ConfirmModal from "@/basic/modal/ConfirmModal.vue";
+import { resolveApiMessage } from "@/assets/utils";
 import JSZip from "jszip";
 import FileSaver from "file-saver";
 
@@ -56,16 +57,18 @@ export default {
         pagination: 10,
         search: true,
       },
-      columns: [
-        { name: "ID", key: "id" },
-        { name: "Submission Name", key: "name" },
-        { name: "Username", key: "userName" },
-        { name: "Studies Using", key: "studyUsageCount" },
-        { name: "Created At", key: "createdAt" },
-      ],
     };
   },
   computed: {
+    columns() {
+      return [
+        { name: this.$t("submission.dashboard.columns.id"), key: "id" },
+        { name: this.$t("assignments.dashboard.submissionsTable.columns.name"), key: "name" },
+        { name: this.$t("dashboard.uploadModal.columns.userName"), key: "userName" },
+        { name: this.$t("assignments.dashboard.submissionsTable.columns.studyUsageCount"), key: "studyUsageCount" },
+        { name: this.$t("submission.dashboard.columns.createdAt"), key: "createdAt" },
+      ];
+    },
     hasAdminRights() {
       return this.$store.getters["auth/isAdmin"] || this.$store.getters["auth/checkRight"]("frontend.dashboard.assignments.viewAll");
     },
@@ -140,7 +143,7 @@ export default {
               "btn-sm": true,
             },
           },
-          title: "Download submission files",
+          title: this.$t("submission.dashboard.actions.download"),
           action: "downloadSubmission",
           stats: {
             submissionId: "id",
@@ -161,7 +164,7 @@ export default {
               "btn-sm": true,
             },
           },
-          title: "Replace submission",
+          title: this.$t("assignments.dashboard.submissionsTable.actions.replace"),
           action: "replaceSubmission",
           stats: {
             submissionId: "id",
@@ -182,7 +185,7 @@ export default {
               "btn-sm": true,
             },
           },
-          title: "Delete submission",
+          title: this.$t("assignments.dashboard.submissionsTable.actions.delete"),
           action: "deleteSubmission",
           stats: {
             submissionId: "id",
@@ -215,8 +218,8 @@ export default {
 
         if (docs.length === 0) {
           this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-            title: "No documents found",
-            message: "This submission has no associated documents to download",
+            title: this.$t("submission.dashboard.toasts.noDocumentsTitle"),
+            message: this.$t("submission.dashboard.toasts.noDocumentsMessage"),
             variant: "warning",
           });
           return;
@@ -233,7 +236,7 @@ export default {
                 if (res.success) {
                   resolve(res.data);
                 } else {
-                  reject(new Error(res.message || "Failed to get document"));
+                  reject(new Error(resolveApiMessage(res) || this.$t("assignments.dashboard.submissionsTable.toasts.documentFetchFailed")));
                 }
               });
             });
@@ -261,8 +264,8 @@ export default {
             }
           } catch (error) {
             this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-              title: "Download error",
-              message: `Failed to download ${doc.name}: ${error.message}`,
+              title: this.$t("submission.dashboard.toasts.downloadErrorTitle"),
+              message: this.$t("submission.dashboard.toasts.downloadErrorMessage", { name: doc.name, error: error.message }),
               variant: "danger",
             });
           }
@@ -272,13 +275,16 @@ export default {
         FileSaver.saveAs(content, `${folderName}.zip`);
 
         this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-          title: "Download complete",
-          message: `Downloaded submission ${submission.id} with ${docs.length} documents`,
+          title: this.$t("submission.dashboard.toasts.downloadCompleteTitle"),
+          message: this.$t("submission.dashboard.toasts.downloadCompleteMessage", {
+            id: submission.id,
+            count: docs.length,
+          }),
           variant: "success",
         });
       } catch (error) {
         this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-          title: "Download failed",
+          title: this.$t("submission.dashboard.toasts.downloadFailedTitle"),
           message: error.message,
           variant: "danger",
         });
@@ -287,8 +293,8 @@ export default {
     replaceSubmission(row) {
       if (row.isStudyLocked) {
         this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-          title: "Replace not allowed",
-          message: "This submission cannot be replaced because one or more documents are used in studies.",
+          title: this.$t("assignments.dashboard.submissionsTable.toasts.replaceNotAllowed.title"),
+          message: this.$t("assignments.dashboard.submissionsTable.toasts.replaceNotAllowed.message"),
           variant: "warning",
         });
         return;
@@ -297,8 +303,8 @@ export default {
       const assignmentId = row.assignmentId || this.assignmentId;
       if (!assignmentId) {
         this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-          title: "Replace failed",
-          message: "Assignment id is missing for this submission.",
+          title: this.$t("assignments.dashboard.submissionsTable.toasts.replaceFailed.title"),
+          message: this.$t("assignments.dashboard.submissionsTable.toasts.replaceFailed.message"),
           variant: "danger",
         });
         return;
@@ -308,16 +314,16 @@ export default {
     deleteSubmission(row) {
       if (row.isStudyLocked) {
         this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-          title: "Delete not allowed",
-          message: "This submission cannot be deleted because one or more documents are used in studies.",
+          title: this.$t("assignments.dashboard.submissionsTable.toasts.deleteNotAllowed.title"),
+          message: this.$t("assignments.dashboard.submissionsTable.toasts.deleteNotAllowed.message"),
           variant: "warning",
         });
         return;
       }
 
       this.$refs.deleteConf.open(
-        "Delete Submission",
-        "Are you sure you want to delete this submission?",
+        this.$t("assignments.dashboard.submissionsTable.confirm.delete.title"),
+        this.$t("assignments.dashboard.submissionsTable.confirm.delete.message"),
         "",
         (confirmed) => {
           if (!confirmed) return;
@@ -331,14 +337,14 @@ export default {
             (res) => {
               if (res.success) {
                 this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-                  title: "Submission deleted",
-                  message: "The submission has been deleted",
+                  title: this.$t("assignments.dashboard.submissionsTable.toasts.deleteSuccess.title"),
+                  message: this.$t("assignments.dashboard.submissionsTable.toasts.deleteSuccess.message"),
                   variant: "success",
                 });
               } else {
                 this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-                  title: "Failed to delete submission",
-                  message: res.message,
+                  title: this.$t("assignments.dashboard.submissionsTable.toasts.deleteFailed"),
+                  message: resolveApiMessage(res),
                   variant: "danger",
                 });
               }
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/assignments/AssignmentUploadModal.vue b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/assignments/AssignmentUploadModal.vue
index bb458c774..ccccfd7f3 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/assignments/AssignmentUploadModal.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/assignments/AssignmentUploadModal.vue
@@ -6,13 +6,13 @@
     @submit="uploadSubmission"
   >
     <template #title>
-      <h5 class="modal-title">Upload Submission</h5>
+      <h5 class="modal-title">{{ $t('dashboard.uploadModal.title') }}</h5>
     </template>
 
     <!-- Step 1: Assignment info + metadata (always shown) -->
     <template #step-1>
       <div class="p-3 pb-0">
-        <h6 class="mb-1">Assignment Description</h6>
+        <h6 class="mb-1">{{ $t('assignments.dashboard.uploadModal.assignmentDescriptionHeading') }}</h6>
         <p class="text-muted mb-3">
           {{ assignmentDescription }}
         </p>
@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@
 import StepperModal from "@/basic/modal/StepperModal.vue";
 import BasicTable from "@/basic/Table.vue";
 import BasicForm from "@/basic/Form.vue";
+import { resolveApiMessage } from "@/assets/utils";
 
 /**
  * Assignment-specific submission upload modal.
@@ -78,13 +79,6 @@ export default {
       assignmentId: null,
       replacementSubmissionId: null,
       userPreselected: false,
-      selectionTable: [
-        { name: "ID", key: "id", sortable: true },
-        { name: "extId", key: "extId", sortable: true },
-        { name: "First Name", key: "firstName", sortable: true },
-        { name: "Last Name", key: "lastName", sortable: true },
-        { name: "Username", key: "userName", sortable: true },
-      ],
       selectionTableOptions: {
         striped: true,
         hover: true,
@@ -100,6 +94,15 @@ export default {
     };
   },
   computed: {
+    selectionTable() {
+      return [
+        { name: this.$t("dashboard.uploadModal.columns.id"), key: "id", sortable: true },
+        { name: this.$t("dashboard.uploadModal.columns.extId"), key: "extId", sortable: true },
+        { name: this.$t("dashboard.uploadModal.columns.firstName"), key: "firstName", sortable: true },
+        { name: this.$t("dashboard.uploadModal.columns.lastName"), key: "lastName", sortable: true },
+        { name: this.$t("dashboard.uploadModal.columns.userName"), key: "userName", sortable: true },
+      ];
+    },
     canUploadForOthers() {
       return this.$store.getters["auth/checkRight"]("frontend.dashboard.assignments.uploadForOthers");
     },
@@ -119,7 +122,7 @@ export default {
       return this.assignment?.validationConfigurationId || 0;
     },
     assignmentDescription() {
-      return this.assignment?.description || "No description provided.";
+      return this.assignment?.description || this.$t("assignments.dashboard.uploadModal.noDescription");
     },
     projectId() {
       return parseInt(this.$store.getters["settings/getValue"]("projects.default"));
@@ -127,15 +130,15 @@ export default {
     steps() {
       if (this.canUploadForOthers && !this.userPreselected) {
         return [
-          { title: "Assignment" },
-          { title: "Select User" },
-          { title: "Upload File" },
+          { title: this.$t("assignments.dashboard.uploadModal.steps.assignment") },
+          { title: this.$t("dashboard.uploadModal.stepSelectUser") },
+          { title: this.$t("dashboard.uploadModal.stepUploadFile") },
         ];
       }
 
       return [
-        { title: "Assignment" },
-        { title: "Upload File" },
+        { title: this.$t("assignments.dashboard.uploadModal.steps.assignment") },
+        { title: this.$t("dashboard.uploadModal.stepUploadFile") },
       ];
     },
     stepValid() {
@@ -161,7 +164,7 @@ export default {
         const format = fileFormat.toLowerCase();
         return {
           key: format,
-          label: `${format.toUpperCase()} File:`,
+          label: this.$t("dashboard.uploadModal.fileLabel", { format: format.toUpperCase() }),
           type: "file",
           accept: `.${format}`,
           class: "form-control",
@@ -173,17 +176,17 @@ export default {
       return [
         {
           key: "name",
-          label: "Submission Name",
+          label: this.$t("assignments.dashboard.uploadModal.fields.name.label"),
           type: "text",
-          placeholder: "Enter a submission name",
+          placeholder: this.$t("assignments.dashboard.uploadModal.fields.name.placeholder"),
           class: "form-control",
           default: "",
         },
         {
           key: "description",
-          label: "Submission Description",
+          label: this.$t("assignments.dashboard.uploadModal.fields.description.label"),
           type: "textarea",
-          placeholder: "Add a short description",
+          placeholder: this.$t("assignments.dashboard.uploadModal.fields.description.placeholder"),
           class: "form-control",
           default: "",
         },
@@ -261,8 +264,8 @@ export default {
     uploadSubmission() {
       if (!this.files) {
         this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-          title: "Invalid file(s)",
-          message: "Please upload all required files.",
+          title: this.$t("dashboard.uploadModal.invalidFiles"),
+          message: this.$t("dashboard.uploadModal.pleaseUploadFiles"),
           variant: "danger",
         });
         return;
@@ -273,8 +276,8 @@ export default {
         : this.currentUserId;
       if (!selectedUserId) {
         this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-          title: "Missing user",
-          message: "No user selected for this submission.",
+          title: this.$t("assignments.dashboard.uploadModal.toasts.missingUser.title"),
+          message: this.$t("assignments.dashboard.uploadModal.toasts.missingUser.message"),
           variant: "danger",
         });
         return;
@@ -298,16 +301,16 @@ export default {
       this.$socket.emit("documentUploadSingleSubmission", singleSubmission, (res) => {
         if (res.success) {
           this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-            title: "Uploaded file",
-            message: "File successfully uploaded!",
+            title: this.$t("dashboard.uploadModal.uploadedFile"),
+            message: this.$t("dashboard.uploadModal.fileSuccessfullyUploaded"),
             variant: "success",
           });
           this.$refs.uploadStepper.close();
         } else {
           this.files = null;
           this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-            title: "Failed to upload the file",
-            message: res.message,
+            title: this.$t("dashboard.uploadModal.failedUploadFile"),
+            message: resolveApiMessage(res),
             variant: "danger",
           });
           this.$refs.uploadStepper.setWaiting(false);
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/coordinator/Project.vue b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/coordinator/Project.vue
index 45e2d2204..843ea4e69 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/coordinator/Project.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/coordinator/Project.vue
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   <BasicCoordinator
     ref="coordinator"
     table="project"
-    title="Project"
+    :title="$t('dashboard.projects.coordinator.title')"
   />
 </template>
 
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ export default {
   data() {
     return {
       projectId: 0,
-    }
+    };
   },
   methods: {
     open(projectId, defaultValues = {}) {
@@ -31,11 +31,11 @@ export default {
     },
     close() {
       this.$refs.coordinator.close();
-    }
-  }
-}
+    },
+  },
+};
 </script>
 
 <style scoped>
 
-</style>
\ No newline at end of file
+</style>
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/coordinator/Study.vue b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/coordinator/Study.vue
index 2718d263c..46f7b0874 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/coordinator/Study.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/coordinator/Study.vue
@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@
   <BasicCoordinator
       ref="coordinator"
       table="study"
-      :title="isTemplateMode ? 'Template' : 'Study'"
-      :text-add="isTemplateMode ? 'Create' : 'Add'"
+      :title="isTemplateMode ? $t('studies.template') : $t('studies.study')"
+      :textAdd="isTemplateMode ? $t('common.create') : $t('common.add')"
       :custom-submit="isTemplateMode"
       :default-value="{ isTemplateMode: isTemplateMode }"
       @success="success"
@@ -14,11 +14,11 @@
     </template>
     <template #success>
       <div v-if="isTemplateMode">
-        Template has been successfully created.
+        {{ $t('studies.messages.templateCreatedSuccess') }}
       </div>
       <div v-else>
-        The study has been successfully published<br>
-        Participants can join the study under the following link:<br><br>
+        {{ $t('studies.messages.studyPublishedSuccess') }}<br>
+        {{ $t('studies.messages.participantsCanJoin') }}<br><br>
         <a
             :href="link"
             target="_blank"
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       <BasicButton
           v-if="!isTemplateMode"
           class="btn btn-primary"
-          text="Copy Link"
+          :text="$t('studies.copyLink')"
           @click="copyURL"
       />
     </template>
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@
 </template>
 
 <script>
+import { resolveApiMessage } from "@/assets/utils";
 import BasicCoordinator from "@/basic/dashboard/Coordinator.vue";
 import BasicButton from "@/basic/Button.vue";
 
@@ -70,9 +71,15 @@ export default {
       return window.location.origin + "/study/" + this.study.hash;
     },
     modalTitle() {
-      const prefix = this.isUsingTemplate ? 'Create' : (this.studyId !== 0 ? 'Edit' : 'New');
-      const suffix = this.isTemplateMode ? 'Template' : 'Study';
-      return `${prefix} ${suffix}`;
+      if (this.isUsingTemplate) {
+        return this.isTemplateMode ? this.$t('studies.modalTitle.createTemplate') : this.$t('studies.modalTitle.createStudy');
+      } 
+
+      if (this.studyId !== 0) {
+        return this.isTemplateMode ? this.$t('studies.modalTitle.editTemplate') : this.$t('studies.modalTitle.editStudy');
+      }
+
+      return this.isTemplateMode ? this.$t('studies.modalTitle.newTemplate') : this.$t('studies.modalTitle.newStudy');
     },
   },
   methods: {
@@ -100,14 +107,14 @@ export default {
           this.$refs.coordinator.$refs.coordinatorModal.waiting = false;
           if (!result.success) {
             this.eventBus.emit('toast', {
-              title: "Template Creation Failed",
-              message: result.message,
+              title: this.$t('errors.studies.templateCreationFailed'),
+              message: resolveApiMessage(result),
               variant: "danger",
             });
           } else {
             this.eventBus.emit('toast', {
-              title: "Template Created",
-              message: "The template has been created successfully.",
+              title: this.$t('studies.messages.templateCreated'),
+              message: this.$t('studies.messages.templateCreatedMessage'),
               variant: "success",
             });
             this.studyId = result.data;
@@ -133,14 +140,14 @@ export default {
       try {
         await navigator.clipboard.writeText(this.link);
         this.eventBus.emit('toast', {
-          title: "Link copied",
-          message: "Document link copied to clipboard!",
+          title: this.$t('studies.messages.linkCopied'),
+          message: this.$t('studies.messages.linkCopiedMessage'),
           variant: "success"
         });
-      } catch (_error) {
+      } catch ($e) {
         this.eventBus.emit('toast', {
-          title: "Link not copied",
-          message: "Could not copy document link to clipboard!",
+          title: this.$t('errors.clipboard.linkNotCopied'),
+          message: this.$t('errors.clipboard.copyFailed'),
           variant: "danger"
         });
       }
@@ -152,4 +159,4 @@ export default {
 
 <style scoped>
 
-</style>
\ No newline at end of file
+</style>
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/coordinator/TagSet.vue b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/coordinator/TagSet.vue
index 3dedfd9ce..129168b2c 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/coordinator/TagSet.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/coordinator/TagSet.vue
@@ -2,7 +2,9 @@
   <BasicCoordinator
     ref="coordinator"
     table="tag_set"
-    title="Tag Set"
+    :title="$t('tags.tagSet')"
+    :new-title-key="'tags.modalTitle.newTagSet'"
+    :edit-title-key="'tags.modalTitle.editTagSet'"
   />
 </template>
 
@@ -36,14 +38,14 @@ export default {
       try {
         await navigator.clipboard.writeText(this.link);
         this.eventBus.emit('toast', {
-          title: "Link copied",
-          message: "Document link copied to clipboard!",
+          title: this.$t('studies.messages.linkCopied'),
+          message: this.$t('documents.messages.linkCopiedMessage'),
           variant: "success"
         });
       } catch (_error) {
         this.eventBus.emit('toast', {
-          title: "Link not copied",
-          message: "Could not copy document link to clipboard!",
+          title: this.$t('errors.clipboard.linkNotCopied'),
+          message: this.$t('errors.clipboard.copyFailed'),
           variant: "danger"
         });
       }
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/documents/CreateModal.vue b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/documents/CreateModal.vue
index 685877b96..6f7aa41e1 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/documents/CreateModal.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/documents/CreateModal.vue
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 <template>
   <Modal ref="createModal" lg name="documentCreate">
-    <template #title>Create new document</template>
+    <template #title>{{ $t('documents.createNewDocument') }}</template>
     <template #body>
       <div class="modal-body justify-content-center flex-grow-1 d-flex">
         <div class="flex-grow-1">
-          <label class="form-label">Type of document:</label>
+          <label class="form-label">{{ $t('documents.typeOfDocument') }}</label>
           <select
             v-model="documentType"
             class="form-select form-select-sm selector"
@@ -12,15 +12,15 @@
             name="documentType"
           >
             <option disabled hidden selected value="">
-              Choose document type...
+              {{ $t('documents.chooseDocumentType') }}
             </option>
-            <option value="1">General HTML Document</option>
-            <option value="2">Study Modal Document (only usable in studies)</option>
+            <option value="1">{{ $t('documents.types.generalHtml') }}</option>
+            <option value="2">{{ $t('documents.types.studyModal') }}</option>
           </select>
           <div class="invalid-feedback">
-            Please select a valid document type.
+            {{ $t('errors.validation.documents.selectValidType') }}
           </div>
-          <label class="form-label mt-3">Name of the document:</label>
+          <label class="form-label mt-3">{{ $t('documents.nameOfDocument') }}</label>
           <input
             v-model="name"
             class="form-control"
@@ -28,13 +28,13 @@
             type="text"
             @keyup.enter="create"
           />
-          <label class="form-label mt-3">Template (optional):</label>
+          <label class="form-label mt-3">{{ $t('documents.templateOptional') }}</label>
           <select
             v-model="templateId"
             class="form-select form-select-sm"
             name="templateId"
           >
-            <option :value="0">None (create empty document)</option>
+            <option :value="0">{{ $t('documents.noTemplateCreateEmpty') }}</option>
             <option 
               v-for="template in documentTemplates" 
               :key="template.id" 
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@
               {{ template.name }}
             </option>
           </select>
-          <small class="text-muted">Select a template to pre-fill the document content (Type 4: Document - General)</small>
+          <small class="text-muted">{{ $t('documents.templatePrefillHint') }}</small>
         </div>
       </div>
     </template>
@@ -51,12 +51,12 @@
       <div>
         <BasicButton
           class="btn btn-secondary"
-          text="Close"
+          :text="$t('common.close')"
           data-bs-dismiss="modal"
         />
         <BasicButton
           class="btn btn-primary"
-          text="Create"
+          :text="$t('common.create')"
           @click="create"
           @keyup.enter="create"
         />
@@ -67,6 +67,7 @@
 
 <script>
 import Modal from "@/basic/Modal.vue";
+import { resolveApiMessage } from "@/assets/utils";
 import BasicButton from "@/basic/Button.vue";
 
 /**
@@ -113,8 +114,8 @@ export default {
     create() {
       if (this.name.length === 0) {
         this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-          title: "No name for document",
-          message: "Please enter a name for the document!",
+          title: this.$t('errors.validation.documents.noName'),
+          message: this.$t('errors.validation.documents.enterName'),
           variant: "danger",
         });
         return;
@@ -133,15 +134,15 @@ export default {
         if (res.success) {
           this.$refs.createModal.close();
           this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-            message: "Document successfully created!",
-            title: "Success",
+            message: this.$t('documents.messages.documentCreated'),
+            title: this.$t('common.success'),
             variant: "success",
           });
         } else {
           this.$refs.createModal.waiting = false;
           this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-            message: res.message,
-            title: "Error",
+            message: resolveApiMessage(res),
+            title: this.$t('common.error'),
             variant: "danger",
           });
         }
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/documents/DownloadPDFModal.vue b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/documents/DownloadPDFModal.vue
index de13d93aa..400811bc6 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/documents/DownloadPDFModal.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/documents/DownloadPDFModal.vue
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
     name="pdfDownload"
   >
     <template #title>
-      Download PDF
+      {{ $t('documents.downloadPdf.title') }}
     </template>
     <template #body>
       <div v-if="!isLoading" class="form-check mt-3">
@@ -15,23 +15,23 @@
           type="checkbox"
         />
         <label class="form-check-label" for="downloadWithAnnotations">
-          Include annotations in PDF
+          {{ $t('documents.downloadPdf.includeAnnotations') }}
         </label>
       </div>
-      <Loading :loading="isLoading" text="Preparing your PDF..." />
+      <Loading :loading="isLoading" :text="$t('documents.preparingPdf')" />
     </template>
     <template #footer>
       <span class="btn-group">
         <BasicButton
           class="btn btn-secondary"
           :disabled="isLoading"
-          title="Cancel"
+          :title="$t('common.cancel')"
           @click="$refs.pdfDownloadModal.close()"
         />
         <BasicButton
           class="btn btn-primary"
           :disabled="isLoading"
-          title="Download"
+          :title="$t('common.download')"
           @click="confirmPDFDownload"
         />
       </span>
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@
 import Modal from "@/basic/Modal.vue";
 import Loading from "@/basic/Loading.vue";
 import BasicButton from "@/basic/Button.vue";
-import { downloadDocument } from "@/assets/utils";
+import { downloadDocument, resolveApiMessage } from "@/assets/utils";
 
 /**
  * DownloadPDFModal - Modal for downloading a PDF document
@@ -91,17 +91,17 @@ export default {
               );
               this.$refs.pdfDownloadModal.close();
               this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-                title: "PDF downloaded successfully",
-                message: "Your PDF with annotations has been downloaded.",
+                title: this.$t('documents.downloadPdf.toasts.successTitle'),
+                message: this.$t('documents.downloadPdf.toasts.successMessageWithAnnotations'),
                 variant: "success",
               });
             } else {
               this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-                title: "Failed to download the PDF",
+                title: this.$t('documents.downloadPdf.toasts.failedTitle'),
                 message:
                   res.data && res.data.message
-                    ? res.data.message
-                    : "Unknown error",
+                    ? resolveApiMessage(res.data)
+                    : this.$t('documents.downloadPdf.toasts.unknownError'),
                 variant: "danger",
               });
               this.isLoading = false;
@@ -132,17 +132,17 @@ export default {
               );
               this.$refs.pdfDownloadModal.close();
               this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-                title: "PDF downloaded successfully",
-                message: "Your PDF has been downloaded.",
+                title: this.$t('documents.downloadPdf.toasts.successTitle'),
+                message: this.$t('documents.downloadPdf.toasts.successMessage'),
                 variant: "success",
               });
             } else {
               this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-                title: "Failed to download the PDF",
+                title: this.$t('documents.downloadPdf.toasts.failedTitle'),
                 message:
                   res.data && res.data.message
-                    ? res.data.message
-                    : "Unknown error",
+                    ? resolveApiMessage(res.data)
+                    : this.$t('documents.downloadPdf.toasts.unknownError'),
                 variant: "danger",
               });
               this.$refs.pdfDownloadModal.close();
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/documents/EditModal.vue b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/documents/EditModal.vue
index b002974b3..87a675e04 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/documents/EditModal.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/documents/EditModal.vue
@@ -1,21 +1,22 @@
 <template>
   <BasicCoordinator
     ref="coord"
-    title="Document"
-    text-add="Add"
-    text-update="Change"
-    text-cancel="Abort"
+    :title="$t('documents.document')"
+    :text-add="$t('common.add')"
+    :text-update="$t('common.change')"
+    :text-cancel="$t('common.abort')"
     table="document"
     :read-only-fields="readOnlyFields"
     @submit="update"
   >
     <template #success>
-      The document has been successfully edited.
+      {{ $t('documents.messages.documentEdited') }}
     </template>
   </BasicCoordinator>
 </template>
 
 <script>
+import { resolveApiMessage } from "@/assets/utils";
 import BasicCoordinator from "@/basic/dashboard/Coordinator.vue";
 
 /* EditModal.vue - modal for editing a document
@@ -53,14 +54,14 @@ export default {
           this.$refs.coord.waiting = false;
 
           this.eventBus.emit('toast', {
-            title: "Document edited",
-            message: "Successfully edited document!",
+            title: this.$t('documents.messages.documentEditedTitle'),
+            message: this.$t('documents.messages.documentEditedMessage'),
             variant: "success"
           });
         } else {
           this.eventBus.emit('toast', {
-            title: "Document edit failed",
-            message: result.message,
+            title: this.$t('errors.documents.documentEditFailed'),
+            message: resolveApiMessage(result),
             variant: "danger"
           });
         }
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/documents/PublishModal.vue b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/documents/PublishModal.vue
index b6234a3f0..9d2d3f03b 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/documents/PublishModal.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/documents/PublishModal.vue
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 <template>
   <Modal ref="publishModal" name="documentPublish" :props="{documentId: id}">
     <template #title>
-      Publish Document
+      {{ $t('documents.publishDocument') }}
     </template>
     <template #body>
       <div v-if="success">
@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@
           class="alert alert-success"
           role="alert"
         >
-          Document successfully published!<br>
-          The document is available under the following link:<br><br>
+          {{ $t('documents.messages.documentPublished') }}<br>
+          {{ $t('documents.messages.documentAvailableAt') }}<br><br>
           <a
             :href="link"
             target="_blank"
@@ -18,8 +18,8 @@
         </div>
       </div>
       <div v-else>
-        Do you really want to publish the document? <br>
-        <b>This can not be undone!</b>
+        {{ $t('documents.messages.publishConfirm') }} <br>
+        <b>{{ $t('documents.messages.cannotBeUndone') }}</b>
       </div>
     </template>
 
@@ -30,12 +30,12 @@
       >
         <BasicButton
           class="btn btn-secondary"
-          title="Close"
+          :title="$t('common.close')"
           @click="close"
         />
         <BasicButton
           class="btn btn-primary"
-          title="Copy Link"
+          :title="$t('studies.copyLink')"
           @click="copyURL"
         />
       </span>
@@ -45,12 +45,12 @@
       >
         <BasicButton
           class="btn btn-secondary"
-          title="Abort"
+          :title="$t('common.abort')"
           @click="close"
         />
         <BasicButton
           class="btn btn-danger me-2"
-          title="Yes, publish it!"
+          :title="$t('documents.yesPublish')"
           @click="publish"
         />
       </span>
@@ -61,6 +61,7 @@
 <script>
 import Modal from "@/basic/Modal.vue";
 import BasicButton from "@/basic/Button.vue";
+import { resolveApiMessage } from "@/assets/utils";
 
 /* PublishModal.vue - modal for publishing a document
 
@@ -107,16 +108,16 @@ export default {
           if (!res.success) {
             this.$refs.publishModal.close();
             this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-              title: "Document not published",
-              message: res.message,
+              title: this.$t('errors.documents.documentNotPublished'),
+              message: resolveApiMessage(res),
               variant: "danger",
             });
           } else {
             this.success = true;
             this.$refs.publishModal.waiting = false;
             this.eventBus.emit('toast', {
-              title: "Document published",
-              message: "Successful published tagset!",
+              title: this.$t('documents.messages.documentPublishedTitle'),
+              message: this.$t('documents.messages.publishedSuccess'),
               variant: "success"
             });
           }
@@ -137,14 +138,14 @@ export default {
       try {
         await navigator.clipboard.writeText(this.link);
         this.eventBus.emit('toast', {
-          title: "Link copied",
-          message: "Document link copied to clipboard!",
+          title: this.$t('studies.messages.linkCopied'),
+          message: this.$t('documents.messages.linkCopiedMessage'),
           variant: "success"
         });
       } catch (_error) {
         this.eventBus.emit('toast', {
-          title: "Link not copied",
-          message: "Could not copy document link to clipboard!",
+          title: this.$t('errors.clipboard.linkNotCopied'),
+          message: this.$t('errors.clipboard.copyFailed'),
           variant: "danger"
         });
       }
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/documents/UploadModal.vue b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/documents/UploadModal.vue
index 0aa6da179..598e7df0c 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/documents/UploadModal.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/documents/UploadModal.vue
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
     name="documentUpload"
   >
     <template #title>
-      Upload new document
+      {{ $t('documents.uploadNewDocument') }}
     </template>
     <template #body>
       <div class="modal-body justify-content-center flex-grow-1 d-flex">
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
           class="spinner-border m-5 "
           role="status"
         >
-          <span class="visually-hidden">Loading...</span>
+          <span class="visually-hidden">{{ $t('common.loading') }}</span>
         </div>
         <div
           v-else
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@
               type="checkbox"
             />
             <label class="form-check-label" for="importAnnotations">
-              Import annotations
+              {{ $t('documents.importAnnotations') }}
             </label>
           </div>
         </div>
@@ -43,12 +43,12 @@
       <div v-if="!uploading">
         <BasicButton
           class="btn btn-secondary"
-          text="Close"
+          :text="$t('common.close')"
           data-bs-dismiss="modal"
         />
         <BasicButton
           class="btn btn-primary"
-          text="Upload"
+          :text="$t('common.upload')"
           @click="upload"
         />
       </div>
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@
 import Modal from "@/basic/Modal.vue";
 import BasicButton from "@/basic/Button.vue";
 import BasicForm from "@/basic/Form.vue";
-import { extractTextFromPDF } from "@/assets/utils";
+import { extractTextFromPDF, resolveApiMessage } from "@/assets/utils";
 import * as pdfjsLib from "pdfjs-dist";
 import pdfjsWorker from "pdfjs-dist/build/pdf.worker.mjs?url";
 
@@ -127,8 +127,8 @@ export default {
       // Default upload flow
       if (fileType !== ".pdf" && fileType !== ".delta") {
         this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-          title: "Invalid file type",
-          message: "Only PDF and Delta files are allowed.",
+          title: this.$t('errors.file.invalidFileType'),
+          message: this.$t('errors.file.onlyPdfDeltaAllowed'),
           variant: "danger",
         });
         return;
@@ -163,21 +163,24 @@ export default {
           this.$refs.uploadModal.waiting = false;
 
           if (res.success) {
-            let message = `File successfully uploaded!`;
+            let message = this.$t('documents.messages.fileUploaded');
             if (this.importAnnotations && res.data.annotations) {
-              message += `\nAdded ${res.data.annotations.length} annotations.`;
+              message += `\n${this.$t('documents.messages.annotationsAdded', { count: res.data.annotations.length })}`;
             }
             // Show errors as warnings if present
             if (res.data.errors && res.data.errors.length > 0) {
-              message += `\nSome issues occurred:\n- ${res.data.errors.join('\n- ')}`;
+              const issueMessages = res.data.errors.map((error) =>
+                typeof error === "string" ? error : resolveApiMessage(error)
+              );
+              message += `\n${this.$t('documents.messages.issuesOccurred')}:\n- ${issueMessages.join('\n- ')}`;
               this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-                title: "Uploaded with warnings",
+                title: this.$t('documents.messages.uploadedWithWarnings'),
                 message,
                 variant: "warning",
               });
             } else {
               this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-                title: "Uploaded file",
+                title: this.$t('documents.messages.uploadedFile'),
                 message,
                 variant: "success",
               });
@@ -185,8 +188,8 @@ export default {
             this.$refs.uploadModal.close();
           } else {
             this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-              title: "Failed to upload the file",
-              message: res.message,
+              title: this.$t('errors.documents.failedToUpload'),
+              message: resolveApiMessage(res),
               variant: "danger",
             });
           }
@@ -195,8 +198,8 @@ export default {
         this.uploading = false;
         this.$refs.uploadModal.waiting = false;
         this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-          title: "Failed to process PDF",
-          message: "Error processing PDF: " + error.message,
+          title: this.$t('errors.documents.failedToProcessPdf'),
+          message: this.$t('errors.documents.errorProcessingPdf') + ": " + error.message,
           variant: "danger",
         });
       }
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/navigation/Sidebar.vue b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/navigation/Sidebar.vue
index ea6e6527f..6d2efb41c 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/navigation/Sidebar.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/navigation/Sidebar.vue
@@ -35,10 +35,10 @@
               >
                 <!-- Expanded mode -->
                 <div v-if="!isCollapsed" class="list-group-item-text subgroup-title">
-                  <span class="sidebar-icon subgroup-heading-icon" :title="subgroup.name">
+                  <span class="sidebar-icon subgroup-heading-icon" :title="tNavGroup(subgroup)">
                     <LoadIcon :icon-name="subgroup.icon" :size="22" />
                   </span>
-                  {{ subgroup.name }}
+                  {{ tNavGroup(subgroup) }}
                 </div>
 
                 <!-- Expanded mode: subgroup arrow -->
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@
                 <span
                   v-else
                   class="sidebar-icon collapsed-group-icon"
-                  :title="subgroup.name"
+                  :title="tNavGroup(subgroup)"
                 >
                   <LoadIcon :icon-name="subgroup.icon" :size="24" />
                 </span>
@@ -78,14 +78,14 @@
                   >
                     <span
                       class="sidebar-icon"
-                      :title="element.name"
+                      :title="tNavElement(element)"
                     >
                       <LoadIcon
                         :icon-name="element.icon"
                         :size="24"
                       />
                     </span>
-                    <div class="list-group-item-text">{{ element.name }}</div>
+                    <div class="list-group-item-text">{{ tNavElement(element) }}</div>
                   </router-link>
                 </div>
               </transition>
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@
                 <div class="submenu-preview-inner">
                   <!-- Collapsed mode: preview header -->
                   <div v-if="isCollapsed" class="submenu-preview-header">
-                    {{ subgroup.name }}
+                    {{ tNavGroup(subgroup) }}
                   </div>
 
                   <div v-if="isCollapsed" class="submenu-preview-divider" />
@@ -115,14 +115,14 @@
                   >
                     <span
                       class="sidebar-icon"
-                      :title="element.name"
+                      :title="tNavElement(element)"
                     >
                       <LoadIcon
                         :icon-name="element.icon"
                         :size="24"
                       />
                     </span>
-                    <div class="list-group-item-text">{{ element.name }}</div>
+                    <div class="list-group-item-text">{{ tNavElement(element) }}</div>
                   </router-link>
                 </div>
               </div>
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@
 
       <div
         class="collapse-sidebar-container list-group-item-action list-group-item list-group-item-custom"
-        title="Toggle sidebar"
+        :title="$t('navigation.sidebar.toggleSidebar')"
         @click="toggleSidebar()"
       >
         <span class="arrow-toggle sidebar-icon">
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@
 
         <!-- Expanded mode -->
         <div v-if="!isCollapsed" class="list-group-item-text" style="cursor:pointer">
-          Collapse sidebar
+          {{ $t('navigation.sidebar.collapseSidebar') }}
         </div>
       </div>
     </div>
@@ -492,6 +492,18 @@ export default {
         }
       });
     },
+
+    tNavGroup(group) {
+      const key = `sidebar.nav.groups.${group.name.toLowerCase()}`;
+      const translated = this.$t(key);
+      return translated === key ? group.name : translated;
+    },
+
+    tNavElement(element) {
+      const key = `sidebar.nav.${element.path}`;
+      const translated = this.$t(key);
+      return translated === key ? element.name : translated;
+    },
   },
 };
 </script>
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/nlp_skills/NlpSkillModal.vue b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/nlp_skills/NlpSkillModal.vue
index 9ac2be29f..ef91458fd 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/nlp_skills/NlpSkillModal.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/nlp_skills/NlpSkillModal.vue
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
     name="nlpSkills"
   >
     <template #title>
-      Skill Details
+      {{ $t("nlp.skillDetails") }}
     </template>
     <template #body>
       <div class="modal-body justify-content-center">
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
           class="spinner-border m-5 "
           role="status"
         >
-          <span class="visually-hidden">Loading...</span>
+          <span class="visually-hidden">{{ $t("common.loading") }}</span>
         </div>
         <div v-else>
           <SkillListing ref="skillListing" v-model="config" />
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
     <template #footer>
        <BasicButton
         class="btn btn-secondary"
-        text="Close"
+        :text="$t('common.close')"
         data-bs-dismiss="modal"
       />
     </template>
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/nlp_skills/SkillListing.vue b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/nlp_skills/SkillListing.vue
index 942953a21..da6b4839d 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/nlp_skills/SkillListing.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/nlp_skills/SkillListing.vue
@@ -3,13 +3,13 @@
     <div class="btn-group btn-group-sm position-absolute top-0 end-0 px-3 py-3">
       <BasicButton
           class="btn btn-outline-secondary"
-          tooltip="Copy config"
+          :title="$t('nlp.copyConfig')"
           icon="clipboard"
           @click="copyConfig"
       />
       <BasicButton
         class="btn btn-outline-secondary"
-        tooltip="Download config" 
+        :title="$t('nlp.downloadConfig')"
         icon="cloud-arrow-down"
         @click="downloadConfig"
       />
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
         class="btn btn-outline-secondary"
         :class="commandEditorActive ? 'active' : ''"
         :aria-pressed="commandEditorActive"
-        tooltip="Send command"
+        :title="$t('nlp.sendCommand')"
         icon="send"
         @click="commandEditorActive=!commandEditorActive"
       />
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
     <div class="container py-1 px-0">
       <div class="row mb-3">
         <div class="col">
-          <span class="fs-6 fw-light">{{ currentData.description }}</span>
+          <span class="fs-6 fw-light">{{ localizedDescription }}</span>
         </div>
       </div>
       <div v-if="commandEditorActive" class="row p-2">
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
       </div>
       <div class="row py-2">
         <span class="fs-5">
-          Example
+          {{ $t("common.example") }}
         </span>
       </div>
       <div class="row">
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@
           <div class="container border border-1 rounded-3 h-100">
             <div class="row mb-2 py-3">
               <div class="col justify-content-center">
-                <span class="fs-6 badge bg-success">Input</span>
+                <span class="fs-6 badge bg-success">{{ $t("common.input") }}</span>
               </div>
             </div>
             <div class="row justify-content-center">
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@
           <div class="container border border-1 rounded-3 h-100">
             <div class="row mb-2 py-3">
               <div class="col justify-content-center">
-                <span class="fs-6 badge bg-primary">Output</span>
+                <span class="fs-6 badge bg-primary">{{ $t("common.output") }}</span>
               </div>
             </div>
             <div class="row justify-content-center">
@@ -72,21 +72,21 @@
     </div>
     <hr>
     <span class="fs-5">
-      Config
+      {{ $t("common.config") }}
     </span>
     <div
         class="overflow-auto py-2"
         style="max-height:30vh"
     >
       <div
-          v-for="[f, i] in [['input','box-arrow-in-right'], ['output', 'box-arrow-right']]"
-          :key="f"
+          v-for="entry in ioEntries"
+          :key="entry.key"
           class="py-1"
       >
         <SkillItem
-            v-model="currentData[f]"
-            :name="f"
-            :icon="i"
+            v-model="currentData[entry.key]"
+            :name="entry.label"
+            :icon="entry.icon"
         />
       </div>
       <div
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@
   </div>
   <div v-else>
     <span class="text-danger">
-      The provided service is invalid. Please consult with the service provider.
+      {{ $t("errors.nlp.invalidService") }}
     </span>
   </div>
 </template>
@@ -154,6 +154,20 @@ export default {
     }
   },
   computed: {
+    ioEntries() {
+      return [
+        { key: "input", icon: "box-arrow-in-right", label: this.$t("common.input") },
+        { key: "output", icon: "box-arrow-right", label: this.$t("common.output") },
+      ];
+    },
+    localizedDescription() {
+      if (!this.currentData) return "";
+      const key = `nlp.skills.descriptions.${this.currentData.name}`;
+      if (this.$te(key)) {
+        return this.$t(key);
+      }
+      return this.currentData.description;
+    },
     validConfig() {
       if (this.currentData) {
         return validateServiceConfig(this.currentData);
@@ -198,21 +212,21 @@ export default {
         try {
           await navigator.clipboard.writeText(JSON.stringify(this.currentData, null, 2));
           this.eventBus.emit('toast', {
-            title: "Config copied",
-            message: "Skill configuration copied to clipboard!",
+            title: this.$t("nlp.configCopied"),
+            message: this.$t("nlp.skillConfigCopied"),
             variant: "success"
           });
         } catch (_error) {
           this.eventBus.emit('toast', {
-            title: "Config not copied",
-            message: "Could not copy skill configuration to clipboard!",
+            title: this.$t("errors.clipboard.configNotCopied"),
+            message: this.$t("errors.clipboard.skillConfigCopyFailed"),
             variant: "danger"
           });
         }
       } else {
         this.eventBus.emit('toast', {
-          title: "Config not copied",
-          message: "Configuration not loaded or empty, cannot copy.",
+          title: this.$t("errors.clipboard.configNotCopied"),
+          message: this.$t("errors.nlp.configCopyFailed"),
           variant: "danger"
         });
       }
@@ -222,14 +236,14 @@ export default {
         downloadObjectsAs(this.currentData, `${this.currentData.name}`, "json");
 
         this.eventBus.emit('toast', {
-          title: "Download Success",
-          message: `Downloaded ${this.currentData.name} configuration`,
+          title: this.$t("nlp.downloadSuccess"),
+          message: this.$t("nlp.downloadedConfigMessage", { name: this.currentData.name }),
           variant: "success"
         });
       } else {
         this.eventBus.emit('toast', {
-          title: "Download Failed",
-          message: `Failed to download skill config, as it is no loaded`,
+          title: this.$t("errors.nlp.downloadFailed"),
+          message: this.$t("errors.nlp.configDownloadFailed"),
           variant: "danger"
         });
       }
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/projects/AssignProjectModal.vue b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/projects/AssignProjectModal.vue
index 9e10f8888..d20948950 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/projects/AssignProjectModal.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/projects/AssignProjectModal.vue
@@ -3,69 +3,70 @@
     ref="assignProjectStepper"
     :steps="assignSteps"
     :validation="stepValid"
-    submit-text="Assign"
+    :submit-text="$t('common.assign')"
     @step-change="handleAssignStepChange"
     @submit="handleAssignSubmit"
   >
     <template #title>
-      <span>Assign Projects to Users</span>
+      <span>{{ $t('dashboard.projects.assignProjectsToUsers') }}</span>
     </template>
 
     <template #step-1>
       <div class="mb-3">
-        <h6>Select projects to assign:</h6>
+        <h6>{{ $t('dashboard.projects.selectProjectToAssign') }}</h6>
         <BasicForm
           ref="dataSelectionForm"
           v-model="dataSelection"
           :fields="dataSelectionFields"
         />
         <small class="text-muted">{{
-          dataSelection.project ? "1 project selected" : "0 projects selected"
+          dataSelection.project ?  $t('dashboard.projects.OneProjectSelected')  : $t('dashboard.projects.ZeroProjectsSelected')
         }}</small>
       </div>
     </template>
 
     <template #step-2>
       <div class="mb-3">
-        <h6>Select users to assign projects to:</h6>
+        <h6>{{ $t('dashboard.projects.selectUsersToAssignProjectsTo') }}</h6>
         <BasicTable
           v-model="userSelection"
-          :columns="table.columns"
+          :columns="tableColumns"
           :data="users"
           :options="table.options"
-          :max-table-height="'60vh'"
         />
         <small class="text-muted"
-          >{{ Object.keys(userSelection || {}).length }} user(s) selected</small
+          >{{ Object.keys(userSelection || {}).length }} {{ $t('dashboard.projects.usersSelected') }}</small
         >
       </div>
     </template>
 
     <template #step-3>
       <div class="mb-3">
-        <h6>Confirm assignment:</h6>
+        <h6>{{ $t('dashboard.projects.confirmAssignment') }}</h6>
         <div class="alert alert-info">
-          <strong>Summary:</strong><br />
-          You are about to assign <strong>1</strong> project to
-          <strong>{{ Object.keys(userSelection || {}).length }}</strong>
-          user(s).
+          <strong>{{ $t('dashboard.projects.summary') }}</strong><br />
+          <i18n-t keypath="dashboard.projects.aboutToAssign" tag="span">
+             <template #projectCount><strong>1</strong></template>
+             <template #userCount>
+              <strong>{{ Object.keys(userSelection || {}).length }}</strong>
+            </template>
+          </i18n-t>
         </div>
 
         <div class="alert alert-warning">
-          <strong>Note:</strong> By assigning users to this project, the project
-          will automatically be made public.
+          <strong>{{ $t('dashboard.projects.noteLabel') }}</strong> {{ $t('dashboard.projects.noteBody') }}
         </div>
 
         <div class="row">
           <div class="col-md-6">
-            <h6 class="text-primary">Selected Project:</h6>
+            <h6 class="text-primary">{{ $t('dashboard.projects.selectedProjects') }}</h6>
             <div v-if="dataSelection.project" class="mb-1">
               <i class="bi bi-folder me-1"></i>
               {{ getProject(dataSelection.project).name }}
             </div>
           </div>
           <div class="col-md-6">
-            <h6 class="text-success">Selected Users:</h6>
+            <h6 class="text-success">{{ $t('dashboard.projects.selectedUsers') }}</h6>
             <ul class="list-unstyled">
               <li
                 v-for="user in Object.values(userSelection || {})"
@@ -87,6 +88,7 @@
 import StepperModal from "@/basic/modal/StepperModal.vue";
 import BasicForm from "@/basic/Form.vue";
 import BasicTable from "@/basic/Table.vue";
+import { resolveApiMessage } from "@/assets/utils";
 
 export default {
   name: "AssignProjectModal",
@@ -97,11 +99,6 @@ export default {
   },
   data() {
     return {
-      assignSteps: [
-        { title: "Select Projects" },
-        { title: "Select Users" },
-        { title: "Confirm" },
-      ],
       dataSelection: [],
       userSelection: [],
       table: {
@@ -115,16 +112,25 @@ export default {
           pagination: 10,
           search: true,
         },
-        columns: [
-          { name: "User Id", key: "id", sortable: true },
-          { name: "First Name", key: "firstName", sortable: true },
-          { name: "Last Name", key: "lastName", sortable: true },
-          { name: "Email", key: "email", sortable: true },
-        ],
       },
     };
   },
   computed: {
+    assignSteps() {
+    return [
+      { title: this.$t('dashboard.projects.selectProjects') },
+      { title: this.$t('dashboard.projects.selectUsers') },
+      { title: this.$t('common.confirm') },
+      ];
+    },
+  tableColumns() {
+    return [
+      { name: this.$t('common.userId'), key: "id", sortable: true },
+      { name: this.$t('common.firstName'), key: "firstName", sortable: true },
+      { name: this.$t('common.lastName'), key: "lastName", sortable: true },
+      { name: this.$t('users.columns.email'), key: "email", sortable: true },
+      ];
+    },
     projects() {
       return this.$store.getters["table/project/getAll"];
     },
@@ -138,7 +144,7 @@ export default {
       return [
         {
           key: "project",
-          label: "Select Project",
+          label: this.$t('dashboard.projects.selectProject'),
           type: "select",
           default: 1,
           options: this.projects.map((project) => ({
@@ -161,8 +167,8 @@ export default {
 
       if (!projectId || this.userSelection.length === 0) {
         this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-          title: "Assignment failed",
-          message: "Please select a project and at least one user.",
+          title: this.$t('dashboard.projects.assignmentFailed'),
+          message: this.$t('dashboard.projects.selectMessage'),
           variant: "danger",
         });
         return;
@@ -182,8 +188,8 @@ export default {
           (result) => {
             if (!result.success) {
               this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-                title: "Project assignment failed",
-                message: result.message,
+                title: this.$t('dashboard.projects.projectAssignmentFailed'),
+                message: resolveApiMessage(result),
                 variant: "danger",
               });
               return;
@@ -203,15 +209,15 @@ export default {
         (result) => {
           if (!result || !result.success) {
             this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-              title: "Assignment failed",
-              message: result?.message || "Unknown error",
+              title: this.$t('dashboard.projects.assignmentFailed'),
+              message: resolveApiMessage(result) || this.$t('errors.server.unknownError'),
               variant: "danger",
             });
             return;
           }
           this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-            title: "Project assigned",
-            message: `The project has been successfully assigned to ${userIds.length} user(s).`,
+            title: this.$t('dashboard.projects.projectAssigned'),
+            message: this.$t('dashboard.projects.successfullyAssignedMessage', { count: userIds.length }),
             variant: "success",
           });
           this.close();
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/projects/ExportModal.vue b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/projects/ExportModal.vue
index b46137148..8e25a9b1c 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/projects/ExportModal.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/projects/ExportModal.vue
@@ -3,12 +3,12 @@
       ref="exportStepper"
       :steps="steps"
       :validation="stepValid"
-      submit-text="Download"
+      :submit-text="$t('common.download')"
       size = "xl"
       @submit="downloadData"
       @hide="hide">
     <template #title>
-      <h5 class="modal-title">Export Data</h5>
+      <h5 class="modal-title">{{ $t('dashboard.projects.exportData') }}</h5>
     </template>
 
     <template #step-1>
@@ -20,10 +20,10 @@
     </template>
     <template #step-2>
       <div v-if="dataSelection.exportType === 'reviewerList'">
-        <p>Exporting a list of all study sessions with hash:</p>
+        <p>{{ $t('dashboard.projects.exportStudySessions') }}</p>
         <p>
-          Total Studies: {{ studies.length }}<br>
-          Total Study Sessions: {{ studySessions.length }}
+          {{ $t('dashboard.projects.totalStudies') }} {{ studies.length }}<br>
+          {{ $t('dashboard.projects.totalStudySessions') }} {{ studySessions.length }}
         </p>
       </div>
       <div v-else-if="['submissions', 'grades'].includes(dataSelection.exportType)">
@@ -35,18 +35,18 @@
         <!-- We send the project ID and get the selected students back -->
       </div>
       <div v-else>
-        <p>Exporting all data</p>
+        <p>{{ $t('dashboard.projects.exportingAllData') }}</p>
         <p>
-          Total Studies: {{ studies.length }}<br>
-          Total Study Sessions: {{ studySessions.length }}<br>
-          Total Tags: {{ tags.length }}<br>
-          Total Tag Sets: {{ tagSets.length }}<br>
-          Total Projects: {{ projects.length }}<br>
-          Total Documents: {{ documents.length }}<br>
-          Total Annotations: {{ annotations.length }}<br>
-          Total Comments: {{ comments.length }}<br>
-          Total Comment Votes: {{ commentVotes.length }}<br>
-          Total Edits: {{ edits.length }}<br>
+          {{ $t('dashboard.projects.totalStudies') }} {{ studies.length }}<br>
+          {{ $t('dashboard.projects.totalStudySessions') }} {{ studySessions.length }}<br>
+          {{ $t('dashboard.projects.totalTags') }} {{ tags.length }}<br>
+          {{ $t('dashboard.projects.totalTagSets') }} {{ tagSets.length }}<br>
+          {{ $t('dashboard.projects.totalProjects') }} {{ projects.length }}<br>
+          {{ $t('dashboard.projects.totalDocuments') }} {{ documents.length }}<br>
+          {{ $t('dashboard.projects.totalAnnotations') }} {{ annotations.length }}<br>
+          {{ $t('dashboard.projects.totalComments') }} {{ comments.length }}<br>
+          {{ $t('dashboard.projects.totalCommentsVotes') }} {{ commentVotes.length }}<br>
+          {{ $t('dashboard.projects.totalEdits') }} {{ edits.length }}<br>
         </p>
       </div>
     </template>
@@ -119,6 +119,8 @@ export default {
     table: "tag_set",
   }, {
     table: "tag"
+  }, {
+    table: "document"
   }
   ],
   provide() {
@@ -160,22 +162,23 @@ export default {
     steps() {
       if (["submissions", "grades"].includes(this.dataSelection.exportType)) {
         return [
-          { title: "Settings" },
-          { title: "Select Students" },
-          { title: "Options" },
-          { title: "Confirm Download" }
+          { title: this.$t('settings.title') },
+          { title: this.$t('dashboard.projects.exportModal.steps.selectStudent') },
+          { title: this.$t('dashboard.projects.exportModal.steps.options') },
+          { title: this.$t('dashboard.projects.exportModal.steps.confirmDownload') }
         ];
       }
+
       return [
-        {title: "Settings"},
-        {title: "Confirmation"}
+        {title: this.$t('settings.title')},
+        {title: this.$t('dashboard.projects.exportModal.steps.confirmation')}
       ];
     },
     dataSelectionFields() {
       return [
         {
           key: "projectId",
-          label: "Project",
+          label: this.$t('common.project'),
           type: "select",
           options: this.projects.map(project => ({
             name: project.name,
@@ -185,13 +188,13 @@ export default {
         },
         {
           key: "exportType",
-          label: "Export Type",
+          label: this.$t('dashboard.projects.exportType'),
           type: "select",
           options: [
-            {name: "Export a list of all reviewers", value: "reviewerList"},
-            {name: "Export submissions", value: "submissions"},
-            {name: "Export grades", value: "grades"},
-            {name: "All", value: "all"},
+            {name: this.$t('dashboard.projects.exportModal.exportReviewers'), value: "reviewerList"},
+            {name: this.$t('dashboard.projects.exportModal.exportSubmissions'), value: "submissions"},
+            {name: this.$t('dashboard.projects.exportModal.exportGrades'), value: "grades"},
+            {name: this.$t('common.all'), value: "all"},
           ],
           required: true,
         }
@@ -328,7 +331,6 @@ export default {
       try {
         // get the selected student's user ids
         const selectedUserIds = this.submissionSelection.map(row => row.userId);
-
         // call helper function to trigger the stream download
         this.triggerStreamDownload({
           projectId: this.dataSelection.projectId,
@@ -337,7 +339,6 @@ export default {
           generateAliases: this.generateAliases,
           fakerSeed: this.generateAliases ? this.fakerSeed : null
         });
-
         this.$refs.exportStepper.close();
       } catch (error) {
         console.error("Streaming error:", error);
@@ -477,7 +478,6 @@ export default {
       form.method = 'POST';
       form.action = `${serverUrl}/export/stream`;
       form.style.display = 'none';
-
       for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(payload)) {
         const input = document.createElement('input');
         input.type = 'hidden';
@@ -489,7 +489,6 @@ export default {
           
         form.appendChild(input);
       }
-
       document.body.appendChild(form);
       form.submit();
       document.body.removeChild(form);
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/projects/FilterModal.vue b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/projects/FilterModal.vue
index 19a578c13..837d7a8a9 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/projects/FilterModal.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/projects/FilterModal.vue
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <template>
-  <BasicModal ref="filterModal" name="filterModal" title="Filter" size="xl" @hide="hide">
+  <BasicModal ref="filterModal" name="filterModal" :title="$t('common.filter')" size="xl" @hide="hide">
     <template v-if="currentData" #body>
       <!-- TODO: BasicTable now comes with a :max-table-height property to control its height, 
        so we may not the .table-scroll-container here. However, since FilterModal is not in use, 
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
 
     <template #footer>
       <BasicButton
-        title="Save"
+        :title="$t('common.save')"
         class="btn btn-primary"
         @click="$refs.filterModal.close()"
       />
@@ -101,17 +101,17 @@ export default {
     dataTableColumns() {
       if (this.currentData.options && this.currentData.options.table === "user") {
         return [
-          {name: "ID", key: "id"},
-          {name: "extId", key: "extId"},
-          {name: "First Name", key: "firstName"},
-          {name: "Last Name", key: "lastName"},
-          {name: "Number of Assignments", key: "studySessions"},
-          {name: "Documents", key: "documents", width: 1, sortable: true},
-          {name: "Roles", key: "rolesNames"},
+          {name: this.$t('common.id'), key: "id"},
+          {name: this.$t('dashboard.projects.extId'), key: "extId"},
+          {name: this.$t('common.firstName'), key: "firstName"},
+          {name: this.$t('common.lastName'), key: "lastName"},
+          {name: this.$t('dashboard.projects.numberOfAssignments'), key: "studySessions"},
+          {name: this.$t('documents.title'), key: "documents", width: 1, sortable: true},
+          {name: this.$t('dashboard.projects.roles'), key: "rolesNames"},
         ]
       }
       return [
-        {name: "ID", key: "id"},
+        {name: this.$t('common.id'), key: "id"},
       ];
     },
     filterSelectionFields() {
@@ -119,9 +119,9 @@ export default {
         {
           key: "table",
           type: "select",
-          label: "From which should be filtered?",
+          label: this.$t('dashboard.projects.filterTable'),
           options: [
-            {name: "User", value: "user"},
+            {name: this.$t('common.user'), value: "user"},
           ],
           required: true,
         },
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/projects/export/StepConfirmDownload.vue b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/projects/export/StepConfirmDownload.vue
index 8afd4df92..b832d6ef9 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/projects/export/StepConfirmDownload.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/projects/export/StepConfirmDownload.vue
@@ -5,30 +5,40 @@
     </div>
     
     <div class="mb-3">
-      <h6>Confirm Selection:</h6>
+      <h6>{{ $t('dashboard.projects.export.confirmSelection') }}</h6>
       
       <div v-if="hasDeclinedSharingSelected" class="alert alert-danger mt-3">
-        You have selected one or more students who <strong>didn't accept data sharing</strong>.
+        <i18n-t
+          keypath="dashboard.projects.export.declinedSharingWarning"
+          tag="span"
+        >
+          <template #emphasis>
+            <strong>{{ $t('dashboard.projects.export.declinedSharingEmphasis') }}</strong>
+          </template>
+        </i18n-t>
       </div>
 
       <div v-if="generateAliases" class="alert alert-danger mt-3">
-        The downloaded ZIP archive will include a CSV file that maps the generated aliases back to the real student names.
+        {{ $t('dashboard.projects.export.aliasMappingWarning') }}
       </div>
 
       <div class="alert alert-danger mt-3">
-        We strongly recommend conducting a thorough review of this export before sharing it, to ensure no sensitive or unintended information is distributed.
+        {{ $t('dashboard.projects.export.reviewWarning') }}
       </div>
       
       <div class="alert alert-info">
-        <strong>Summary:</strong><br />
-        You are about to download submissions for 
-        <strong>{{ submissionSelection.length }}</strong> student(s).
+        <strong>{{ $t('dashboard.projects.export.summary') }}</strong><br />
+        <i18n-t keypath="dashboard.projects.export.downloadSummary" tag="span">
+          <template #count>
+            <strong>{{ submissionSelection.length }}</strong>
+          </template>
+        </i18n-t>
       </div>
 
       <div class="card card-body bg-light" style="max-height: 150px; overflow-y: auto;">
         <ul class="mb-0 pl-3">
           <li v-for="row in submissionSelection" :key="row.userId">
-            {{ row.studentName || row.userName }} ({{ row.fileCount }} files)
+            {{ row.studentName || row.userName }} ({{ $t('dashboard.projects.export.fileCount', { count: row.fileCount }) }})
           </li>
         </ul>
       </div>
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/projects/export/StepOptions.vue b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/projects/export/StepOptions.vue
index 9294be51c..d4f728b5e 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/projects/export/StepOptions.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/projects/export/StepOptions.vue
@@ -1,14 +1,16 @@
 <template>
   <div class="mt-2 mb-3 p-3 bg-light border rounded">
     <h6 class="mb-3 pb-2 border-bottom text-muted">
-      Options
+      {{ $t('dashboard.projects.exportOptions.title') }}
     </h6>
     <BasicForm
       v-model="optionsData"
       :fields="fields"
     />
     <small v-if="optionsData.generateAliases" class="text-muted d-block mt-1">
-      Using the same seed ensures consistent aliases for your own exports. <strong>Note:</strong> Aliases are tied to your account and won't match other users' exports.
+      {{ $t('dashboard.projects.exportOptions.seedHint') }}
+      <strong>{{ $t('dashboard.projects.exportOptions.noteLabel') }}</strong>
+      {{ $t('dashboard.projects.exportOptions.accountSpecificHint') }}
     </small>
   </div>
 </template>
@@ -66,7 +68,7 @@ export default {
       const formFields = [
         {
           key: "generateAliases",
-          label: "Generate aliases for student names",
+          label: this.$t('dashboard.projects.exportOptions.generateAliases'),
           type: "switch"
         }
       ];
@@ -74,21 +76,21 @@ export default {
       if (this.optionsData.generateAliases) {
         formFields.push({
           key: "fakerSeed",
-          label: "Custom Seed (Optional)",
+          label: this.$t('dashboard.projects.exportOptions.customSeedOptional'),
           type: "number",
           max: 999999999,
-          placeholder: "e.g. 846569412"
+          placeholder: this.$t('dashboard.projects.exportOptions.seedPlaceholder')
         });
       }
 
       if (this.showGradeFormat) {
         formFields.push({
           key: "gradeFormat",
-          label: "Grade file format",
+          label: this.$t('dashboard.projects.exportOptions.gradeFileFormat'),
           type: "select",
           options: [
-            { name: "JSON", value: "json" },
-            { name: "CSV", value: "csv" }
+            { name: this.$t('common.json'), value: "json" },
+            { name: this.$t('common.csv'), value: "csv" }
           ]
         });
       }
@@ -96,7 +98,7 @@ export default {
       if (this.showGradeFormat && this.optionsData.gradeFormat === "csv") {
         formFields.push({
           key: "mergeCsvFiles",
-          label: "Merge CSV files by study, step, and configuration",
+          label: this.$t('dashboard.projects.exportOptions.mergeCsvFiles'),
           type: "switch"
         });
       }
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/projects/export/StepSelectStudents.vue b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/projects/export/StepSelectStudents.vue
index 8ca0a4962..b0bc8545d 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/projects/export/StepSelectStudents.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/projects/export/StepSelectStudents.vue
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <template>
   <div>
-    <h6>Select Submissions to Download:</h6>
+    <h6>{{ $t('dashboard.projects.exportSelectSubmissions') }}</h6>
 
     <BasicTable
       v-if="submissionTableData.length > 0"
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
     />
 
     <div v-else class="alert alert-warning">
-      <span>No submissions found for this project.</span>
+      <span>{{ $t('dashboard.projects.noSubmissionsFound') }}</span>
     </div>
 
   </div>
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ export default {
               userName: `${student.userName}`,
               studentName: this.hasPrivateInfoRight ? `${student.firstName} ${student.lastName}` : "",
               fileCount: 0,
-              acceptDataSharing: student.acceptDataSharing ? 'Yes' : 'No',
+              acceptDataSharing: student.acceptDataSharing ? this.$t('common.yes') : this.$t('common.no'),
               lastSubmissionDate: currentDocDate
             };
           }
@@ -112,22 +112,22 @@ export default {
     },
     submissionTable() {
       const cols = [
-        { name: "Username", key: "userName", sortable: true },
-        { name: "Files", key: "fileCount", sortable: true },
+        { name: this.$t('dashboard.projects.columns.username'), key: "userName", sortable: true },
+        { name: this.$t('dashboard.projects.columns.files'), key: "fileCount", sortable: true },
         { 
-          name: "Accepted Data Sharing", 
+          name: this.$t('dashboard.projects.columns.acceptedDataSharing'), 
           key: "acceptDataSharing", 
           sortable: true,
           filter: [
-            { key: "Yes", name: "Yes" },
-            { key: "No", name: "No" },
+            { key: this.$t('common.yes'), name: this.$t('common.yes') },
+            { key: this.$t('common.no'), name: this.$t('common.no') },
           ],
         },
-        { name: "Last Submitted", key: "lastSubmissionDate", sortable: true }
+        { name: this.$t('dashboard.projects.columns.lastSubmitted'), key: "lastSubmissionDate", sortable: true }
       ];
 
       if (this.hasPrivateInfoRight) {
-        cols.splice(1, 0, { name: "Student Name", key: "studentName", sortable: true });
+        cols.splice(1, 0, { name: this.$t('dashboard.projects.columns.studentName'), key: "studentName", sortable: true });
       }
 
       return {
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/settings/ChangeUserSettingsModal.vue b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/settings/ChangeUserSettingsModal.vue
index ade7d7e00..8cc7fa4fc 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/settings/ChangeUserSettingsModal.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/settings/ChangeUserSettingsModal.vue
@@ -3,17 +3,17 @@
     ref="changeUserSettingsStepper"
     :steps="steps"
     :validation="stepValid"
-    submit-text="Apply"
+    :submit-text="$t('common.apply')"
     @submit="handleSubmit"
   >
     <template #title>
-      <span>Change User Settings</span>
+      <span>{{ $t('settings.changeUserSettings') }}</span>
     </template>
 
     <!-- Step 1: Select setting and provide value -->
     <template #step-1>
       <div class="mb-3">
-        <h6>Select setting</h6>
+        <h6>{{ $t('dashboard.settings.selectSetting') }}</h6>
         <BasicForm
           v-model="settingSelection"
           :fields="settingFields"
@@ -24,7 +24,10 @@
           </div>
           <div class="mt-2">
             <div v-if="selectedSetting.type === 'edits'">
-              <EditorModal v-model="settingSelection.value" :title="'Edit ' + selectedSetting.key"></EditorModal>
+              <EditorModal
+                v-model="settingSelection.value"
+                :title="$t('common.editItem', { item: settingSelection.settingKey })"
+              ></EditorModal>
             </div>
             <div v-else-if="selectedSetting.type === 'boolean' || selectedSetting.type === 'bool'" class="form-check form-switch">
               <input
@@ -35,10 +38,21 @@
                 type="checkbox"
               >
             </div>
+            <div v-else-if="isLocaleSetting">
+              <select v-model="settingSelection.value" class="form-select w-50">
+                <option
+                  v-for="lang in supportedLocales"
+                  :key="lang.code"
+                  :value="lang.code"
+                >
+                  {{ lang.name }}
+                </option>
+              </select>
+            </div>
             <input v-else v-model="settingSelection.value" class="w-50" type="text">
           </div>
            <div class="mt-1">
-             <small class="text-secondary">Selected Value: <strong>{{ previewValue }}</strong></small>
+             <small class="text-secondary">{{ $t('dashboard.settings.selectedValue') }} <strong>{{ previewValue }}</strong></small>
            </div>
         </div>
       </div>
@@ -47,16 +61,15 @@
     <!-- Step 2: Select users -->
     <template #step-2>
       <div class="mb-3">
-        <h6>Select users</h6>
+        <h6>{{ $t('dashboard.projects.selectUsers') }}</h6>
         <BasicTable
           v-model="userSelection"
           :columns="userColumns"
           :data="users"
           :options="tableOptions"
-          :max-table-height="'60vh'"
         />
         <small class="text-muted">
-          {{ userSelection.length }} user(s) selected
+          {{ userSelection.length }} {{ $t('dashboard.projects.usersSelected') }}
         </small>
       </div>
     </template>
@@ -64,27 +77,26 @@
     <!-- Step 3: Confirm -->
     <template #step-3>
       <div class="mb-3">
-        <h6>Confirm</h6>
+        <h6>{{$t('common.confirm')}}</h6>
 
         <div class="alert alert-info">
-          <strong>Summary:</strong><br />
-          Setting: <strong>{{ settingSelection.settingKey }}</strong><br />
-          New Value:
+          <strong>{{$t('dashboard.projects.summary')}}</strong><br />
+          {{$t('dashboard.settings.setting:')}} <strong>{{ settingSelection.settingKey }}</strong><br />
+          {{$t('dashboard.settings.newValue')}}
           <strong>
             {{ previewValue }}
           </strong><br />
-          Users: <strong>{{ userSelection.length }}</strong>
+          {{$t('dashboard.settings.users:')}} <strong>{{ userSelection.length }}</strong>
         </div>
 
         <div class="alert alert-warning">
-          <strong>Note:</strong>
-          This will update the selected per-user setting for all chosen users. It
-          does not change the global default setting.
+          <strong>{{$t('dashboard.projects.noteLabel')}}</strong>
+          {{$t('dashboard.settings.noteBody1')}}
         </div>
 
         <div class="row">
           <div v-if="selectedSetting" class="col-md-6">
-            <h6 class="text-success">Setting</h6>
+            <h6 class="text-success">{{$t('dashboard.settings.setting')}}</h6>
             <div class="mb-1">
               <i class="bi bi-sliders me-1"></i>
               {{ selectedSetting.key }}
@@ -93,11 +105,11 @@
               {{ selectedSetting.description }}
             </div>
            <div class="mt-2">
-             <span class="fw-bold">New Value:</span> {{ previewValue }}
+             <span class="fw-bold">{{$t('dashboard.settings.newValue')}}</span> {{ previewValue }}
            </div>
           </div>
           <div class="col-md-6">
-            <h6 class="text-success">Selected Users</h6>
+            <h6 class="text-success">{{$t('dashboard.settings.selectedUsers')}}</h6>
             <ul class="list-unstyled">
               <li
                 v-for="user in userSelection"
@@ -128,6 +140,8 @@ import StepperModal from "@/basic/modal/StepperModal.vue";
 import BasicForm from "@/basic/Form.vue";
 import BasicTable from "@/basic/Table.vue";
 import EditorModal from "@/basic/editor/Modal.vue";
+import { resolveApiMessage } from "@/assets/utils";
+import { LOCALE_SETTING_KEY, SUPPORTED_LOCALES } from "@/assets/locale.js";
 
 export default {
   name: "ChangeUserSettingsModal",
@@ -146,7 +160,7 @@ export default {
   },
   data() {
     return {
-      steps: [{ title: "Select Setting" }, { title: "Select Users" }, { title: "Confirm" }],
+      steps: [{ title: this.$t('dashboard.settings.selectSetting') }, { title: this.$t('dashboard.projects.selectUsers') }, { title: this.$t('common.confirm') }],
       settingSelection: {
         settingKey: null,
         value: null,
@@ -167,10 +181,10 @@ export default {
         },
       },
       userColumns: [
-        { name: "User Id", key: "id", sortable: true },
-        { name: "First Name", key: "firstName", sortable: true },
-        { name: "Last Name", key: "lastName", sortable: true },
-        { name: "Email", key: "email", sortable: true },
+        { name: this.$t('common.userId'), key: "id", sortable: true },
+        { name: this.$t('common.firstName'), key: "firstName", sortable: true },
+        { name: this.$t('common.lastName'), key: "lastName", sortable: true },
+        { name: this.$t('users.columns.email'), key: "email", sortable: true },
       ],
     };
   },
@@ -190,11 +204,17 @@ export default {
     isBooleanType() {
       return this.selectedType === "boolean" || this.selectedType === "bool";
     },
+    isLocaleSetting() {
+      return this.settingSelection.settingKey === LOCALE_SETTING_KEY;
+    },
+    supportedLocales() {
+      return SUPPORTED_LOCALES;
+    },
     settingFields() {
       return [
         {
           key: "settingKey",
-          label: "Select Setting",
+          label: this.$t('dashboard.settings.selectSetting'),
           type: "select",
           options: (this.settings || []).map((s) => ({
             name: s.key,
@@ -219,6 +239,10 @@ export default {
       if (this.isBooleanType) {
         return this.toBoolean(v) ? "true" : "false";
       }
+      if (this.isLocaleSetting) {
+        const match = SUPPORTED_LOCALES.find((lang) => lang.code === v);
+        return `${match.name} (${v})`;
+      }
       return String(v ?? "");
     },
   },
@@ -266,8 +290,8 @@ export default {
 
       if (!key || !userIds.length) {
         this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-          title: "Update failed",
-          message: "Please select a setting and at least one user.",
+          title: this.$t('dashboard.settings.updateFailed'),
+          message: this.$t('dashboard.settings.selectSettingAndUser'),
           variant: "danger",
         });
         return;
@@ -285,15 +309,15 @@ export default {
           this.$refs.changeUserSettingsStepper.setWaiting(false);
           if (!result || !result.success) {
             this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-              title: "Update failed",
-              message: result?.message || "Unknown error",
+              title: this.$t('dashboard.settings.updateFailed'),
+              message: resolveApiMessage(result) || this.$t('errors.server.unknownError'),
               variant: "danger",
             });
             return;
           }
           this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-            title: "Settings updated",
-            message: `Updated "${key}" for ${userIds.length} user(s).`,
+            title: this.$t('dashboard.settings.settingsUpdated'),
+            message: this.$t('dashboard.settings.updatedMessage', {key, count: userIds.length}),
             variant: "success",
           });
           this.close();
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/settings/SettingItem.vue b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/settings/SettingItem.vue
index 37c4798e5..5882edba5 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/settings/SettingItem.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/settings/SettingItem.vue
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
       <template v-if="setting.type === 'edits'">
         <EditorModal
           :model-value="setting.value"
-          :title="'Edit ' + setting.key"
+          :title="$t('common.editItem', { item: setting.key })"
           @update:model-value="$emit('update:value', $event)"
         />
       </template>
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@
             :value="setting.value"
             type="color"
             class="form-control form-control-color"
-            title="Pick a color"
+            :title="$t('settings.pickColor')"
             @input="updateColorValue($event.target.value)"
           />
           <input
@@ -69,12 +69,28 @@
           <BasicButton
             v-if="hasResetValue"
             class="btn btn-outline-secondary btn-sm"
-            text="Reset"
+            :text="$t('common.reset')"
             :disabled="(setting.value || '').toLowerCase() === resetValue.toLowerCase()"
             @click="$emit('update:value', resetValue)"
           />
         </div>
       </template>
+      <template v-else-if="isLocaleSetting">
+        <select
+          :id="'set-' + setting.key"
+          :value="localeValue"
+          class="form-select"
+          @change="$emit('update:value', $event.target.value)"
+        >
+          <option
+            v-for="lang in supportedLocales"
+            :key="lang.code"
+            :value="lang.code"
+          >
+            {{ lang.name }}
+          </option>
+        </select>
+      </template>
       <template v-else-if="isEmailTemplateSetting">
         <select
           :id="'set-' + setting.key"
@@ -82,7 +98,7 @@
           class="form-select"
           @change="$emit('update:value', $event.target.value)"
         >
-          <option value="">None (use default email)</option>
+          <option value="">{{ $t('settings.noneUseDefaultEmail') }}</option>
           <option
             v-for="template in filteredEmailTemplates"
             :key="template.id"
@@ -109,6 +125,7 @@ import BasicButton from "@/basic/Button.vue";
 import EditorModal from "@/basic/editor/Modal.vue";
 import FormHelp from "@/basic/form/Help.vue";
 import LogoSvg, { DEFAULT_RE_BG } from "@/basic/icon/LogoSvg.vue";
+import { DEFAULT_LOCALE, LOCALE_SETTING_KEY, SUPPORTED_LOCALES } from "@/assets/locale.js";
 
 /**
  * Renders one setting row: label (displayName, optional description tooltip) and input for setting.type.
@@ -139,6 +156,15 @@ export default {
       return !!(s && s.key && s.key.startsWith("email.template.")
         && (s.type === "number" || s.type === "integer"));
     },
+    isLocaleSetting() {
+      return this.setting?.key === LOCALE_SETTING_KEY;
+    },
+    supportedLocales() {
+      return SUPPORTED_LOCALES;
+    },
+    localeValue() {
+      return this.setting?.value || DEFAULT_LOCALE;
+    },
     requiredEmailTemplateType() {
       const key = this.setting?.key;
       if (!key) return null;
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/study/AddAssignmentModal.vue b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/study/AddAssignmentModal.vue
index f689da666..f02516af2 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/study/AddAssignmentModal.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/study/AddAssignmentModal.vue
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
     @hide="resetModal"
   >
     <template #title>
-      <span>Add Single Assignment</span>
+      <span>{{$t('dashboard.study.addSingleAssignment')}}</span>
     </template>
     <template #body>
       <BasicTable
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
     <template #footer>
       <div>
         <BasicButton
-          :title="(selectedReviewer.length === 1) ? 'Add Reviewer' : 'Add Reviewers'"
+          :title="(selectedReviewer.length === 1) ? $t('dashboard.study.addReviewer') : $t('dashboard.study.addReviewers')"
           class="btn btn-primary"
           :disabled="selectedReviewer.length === 0"
           @click="addReviewers"
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@
 import BasicModal from "@/basic/Modal.vue";
 import BasicButton from "@/basic/Button.vue";
 import BasicTable from "@/basic/Table.vue";
+import { resolveApiMessage } from "@/assets/utils";
 
 /**
  * Modal for adding a single assignment
@@ -74,13 +75,13 @@ export default {
   computed: {
     reviewerTableColumns() {
       const columns = [
-        {name: "ID", key: "id"},
-        {name: "Username", key: "userName"},
+        {name: this.$t('common.id'), key: "id"},
+        {name: this.$t('common.userName'), key: "userName"},
       ];
       if (this.canReadPrivateInformation) {
         columns.push(
-          {name: "First Name", key: "firstName"},
-          {name: "Last Name", key: "lastName"},
+          {name: this.$t('common.firstName'), key: "firstName"},
+          {name: this.$t('common.lastName'), key: "lastName"},
         );
       }
 
@@ -120,14 +121,14 @@ export default {
           this.$refs.assignmentModal.close();
           this.showMainModal();
           this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-            title: "Reviewers added",
-            message: "The reviewers have been added successfully",
+            title: this.$t('dashboard.study.reviewersAdded'),
+            message: this.$t('dashboard.study.reviewersAddedMessage'),
             variant: "success",
           });
         } else {
           this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-            title: "Failed to add reviewers",
-            message: res.message,
+            title: this.$t('dashboard.study.failedToAddReviewers'),
+            message: resolveApiMessage(res),
             variant: "danger",
           });
         }
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/study/AssignUserStudySessionModal.vue b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/study/AssignUserStudySessionModal.vue
index d7fc16e49..d80b90553 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/study/AssignUserStudySessionModal.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/study/AssignUserStudySessionModal.vue
@@ -6,17 +6,17 @@
       size="xl"
       @submit="assignUsers">
     <template #title>
-      <h5 class="modal-title">Assign Users to Study Session</h5>
+      <h5 class="modal-title">{{ $t('studies.assignUserSession.title') }}</h5>
     </template>
 
     <template v-if="!studySession" #error>
-      <p class="text-center text-danger">No study session selected!</p>
-      <p class="text-center">Please select a study session to proceed.</p>
+      <p class="text-center text-danger">{{ $t('studies.assignUserSession.noSessionSelected') }}</p>
+      <p class="text-center">{{ $t('studies.assignUserSession.selectSessionToProceed') }}</p>
     </template>
 
     <template #step-1>
-      <h6 class="text-secondary mb-3">Select Users</h6>
-      <p class="text-muted">Select the users you want to assign to this study session.</p>
+      <h6 class="text-secondary mb-3">{{ $t('studies.assignUserSession.selectUsers') }}</h6>
+      <p class="text-muted">{{ $t('studies.assignUserSession.selectUsersDescription') }}</p>
       <BasicTable
           v-model="selectedUsers"
           :columns="userTableColumns"
@@ -28,25 +28,25 @@
 
     <template #step-2>
       <p>
-        Are you sure you want to copy this study session for the following users?
+        {{ $t('studies.assignUserSession.confirmCopy') }}
       </p>
 
       <div class="container">
         <div class="row mb-2">
-          <div class="col-3"><strong>Study Session ID:</strong></div>
+          <div class="col-3"><strong>{{ $t('studies.assignUserSession.studySessionId') }}</strong></div>
           <div class="col-9">{{ studySession?.id }}</div>
         </div>
         <div class="row mb-2">
-          <div class="col-3"><strong>Original User:</strong></div>
+          <div class="col-3"><strong>{{ $t('studies.assignUserSession.originalUser') }}</strong></div>
           <div class="col-9">{{ originalUserName }}</div>
         </div>
         <div class="row mb-2">
-          <div class="col-3"><strong>Selected Users:</strong></div>
+          <div class="col-3"><strong>{{ $t('studies.assignUserSession.selectedUsers') }}</strong></div>
           <div class="col-9">{{ selectedUsers.length }}</div>
         </div>
       </div>
 
-      <h6 class="text-secondary mt-3">Users assigned to study session copy:</h6>
+      <h6 class="text-secondary mt-3">{{ $t('studies.assignUserSession.usersAssignedToCopy') }}</h6>
       <ul class="list-group">
         <li
             v-for="user in selectedUsers"
@@ -63,6 +63,7 @@
 <script>
 import BasicTable from "@/basic/Table.vue";
 import StepperModal from "@/basic/modal/StepperModal.vue";
+import { resolveApiMessage } from "@/assets/utils";
 
 /**
  * Modal for assigning users to a study session using a stepper
@@ -93,8 +94,8 @@ export default {
   computed: {
     steps() {
       return [
-        {title: "User Selection"},
-        {title: "Confirmation"},
+        { title: this.$t('studies.assignUserSession.steps.userSelection') },
+        { title: this.$t('studies.assignUserSession.steps.confirmation') },
       ];
     },
     stepValid() {
@@ -110,17 +111,17 @@ export default {
       return this.$store.getters["admin/getSystemRoles"] || [];
     },
     originalUserName() {
-      if (!this.studySession?.userId) return "Unknown";
+      if (!this.studySession?.userId) return this.$t('common.unknown');
       const user = this.$store.getters["table/user/get"](this.studySession.userId);
-      return user ? `${user.firstName} ${user.lastName} (${user.userName})` : "Unknown";
+      return user ? `${user.firstName} ${user.lastName} (${user.userName})` : this.$t('common.unknown');
     },
     userTable() {
       return this.users.map((u) => {
         let newU = {
           ...u,
-          userName: u.userName || "N/A",
-          firstName: u.firstName || "Unknown",
-          lastName: u.lastName || "Unknown",
+          userName: u.userName || this.$t('common.na'),
+          firstName: u.firstName || this.$t('common.unknown'),
+          lastName: u.lastName || this.$t('common.unknown'),
         };
         newU.rolesNames = (u.roles || [])
           .map((role) => {
@@ -139,14 +140,14 @@ export default {
     },
     userTableColumns() {
       return [
-        {name: "ID", key: "id"},
-        {name: "Username", key: "userName"},
-        {name: "First Name", key: "firstName", sortable: true},
-        {name: "Last Name", key: "lastName", sortable: true},
+        { name: this.$t('common.id'), key: "id" },
+        { name: this.$t('users.columns.userName'), key: "userName" },
+        { name: this.$t('users.columns.firstName'), key: "firstName", sortable: true },
+        { name: this.$t('users.columns.lastName'), key: "lastName", sortable: true },
         {
-          name: "Roles",
+          name: this.$t('users.columns.roles'),
           key: "rolesNames",
-          filter: this.userRoles.map(r => ({key: r, name: r})),
+          filter: this.userRoles.map(r => ({ key: r, name: r })),
         },
       ];
     },
@@ -179,14 +180,14 @@ export default {
         if (res.success) {
           this.close();
           this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-            title: "Study sessions copied",
-            message: `Successfully copied study session to ${this.selectedUsers.length} user(s).`,
+            title: this.$t('studies.assignUserSession.toasts.copiedTitle'),
+            message: this.$t('studies.assignUserSession.toasts.copiedMessage', { count: this.selectedUsers.length }),
             variant: "success",
           });
         } else {
           this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-            title: "Copy failed",
-            message: res.message,
+            title: this.$t('studies.assignUserSession.toasts.copyFailed'),
+            message: resolveApiMessage(res),
             variant: "danger",
           });
         }
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/study/BulkAssignmentModal.vue b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/study/BulkAssignmentModal.vue
index be3267575..02c44ab50 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/study/BulkAssignmentModal.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/study/BulkAssignmentModal.vue
@@ -6,12 +6,12 @@
       size="xl"
       @submit="createAssignments">
     <template #title>
-      <h5 class="modal-title">Create bulk assignment</h5>
+      <h5 class="modal-title">{{$t('dashboard.study.createBulkAssignment')}}</h5>
     </template>
 
     <template v-if="templates.length === 0" #error>
-      <p class="text-center text-danger">There are not study templates available!</p>
-      <p class="text-center">Please create a study template to proceed!</p>
+      <p class="text-center text-danger">{{$t('dashboard.study.noStudyTemplatesAvailable')}}</p>
+      <p class="text-center">{{$t('dashboard.study.createTemplateToProceed')}}</p>
     </template>
 
     <template #step-1>
@@ -20,18 +20,18 @@
           v-model="templateSelection"
           :fields="templateSelectionFields"
       />
-      <div class="mt-3"><strong>Workflow Steps:</strong></div>
+      <div class="mt-3"><strong>{{$t('dashboard.study.workflowSteps')}}</strong></div>
       <ul class="list-group">
         <li
             v-for="(workflowStep, index) in workflowSteps"
             :key="workflowStep.id" class="list-group-item"
             :class="(workflowStep.workflowStepDocument !== null) ? 'disabled': 'list-group-item-primary'">
-          Workflow Step {{ index + 1 }}:
-          {{ (workflowStep.stepType === 1) ? "Annotator" : (workflowStep.stepType === 2) ? "Editor" : "Unknown" }}
+          {{$t('dashboard.study.workflowStepWithIndex', {index: index + 1})}}
+          {{ getStepTypeName(workflowStep.stepType) }}
         </li>
       </ul>
       <div class="mt-3">
-        <label class="form-label"><strong>Assignment should be based on:</strong></label>
+        <label class="form-label"><strong>{{$t('dashboard.study.assignmentBase')}}</strong></label>
         <FormSelect
             v-model="assignmentTypeSelection.type"
             :options="assignmentTypeFields"
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@
             class="form-check-input"
           />
           <label class="form-check-label" for="emailNotifyCheck">
-            <strong>Send email notification to reviewer</strong>
+            <strong>{{ $t('dashboard.study.sendEmailNotificationToReviewer') }}</strong>
           </label>
         </div>
       </div>
@@ -54,9 +54,9 @@
 
     <template #step-2>
       <div v-if="assignmentType === 'study_session'">
-        <h6 class="text-secondary">Target Workflow Selection</h6>
+        <h6 class="text-secondary">{{ $t('dashboard.study.targetWorkflowSelection') }}</h6>
         <div class="mb-3">
-          <label class="form-label"><strong>Select Target Workflow:</strong></label>
+          <label class="form-label"><strong>{{ $t('dashboard.study.selectTargetWorkflow') }}</strong></label>
           <FormSelect
               v-model="targetWorkflowId"
               :options="workflowOptions"
@@ -64,8 +64,8 @@
         </div>
 
         <div v-if="targetWorkflowId && targetWorkflowSteps.length > 0">
-          <h6 class="text-secondary mt-4">Workflow Step Mapping</h6>
-          <p class="text-muted">Map each source workflow step (from template) to a target workflow step:</p>
+          <h6 class="text-secondary mt-4">{{ $t('dashboard.study.workflowStepMapping') }}</h6>
+          <p class="text-muted">{{ $t('dashboard.study.mapWorkflowStepToTarget') }}</p>
 
           <div
               v-for="(templateStep, index) in workflowSteps"
@@ -73,7 +73,12 @@
               class="mb-3"
           >
             <label class="form-label">
-              <strong>Source Step {{ index + 1 }} ({{ getStepTypeName(templateStep.stepType) }}) → Target Step:</strong>
+              <strong>
+                {{ $t('dashboard.study.sourceStepTargetStep', {
+                  index: index + 1,
+                  stepType: getStepTypeName(templateStep.stepType)
+                }) }}
+              </strong>
             </label>
             <FormSelect
                 v-model="workflowMapping[templateStep.id]"
@@ -84,7 +89,7 @@
 
 
         <div>
-          <h6 class="text-secondary mt-4">New Study Owner</h6>
+          <h6 class="text-secondary mt-4">{{ $t('dashboard.study.newStudyOwner') }}</h6>
           <div class="form-check">
             <input
                 id="owner-session"
@@ -94,7 +99,7 @@
                 value="session_owner"
             />
             <label class="form-check-label" for="owner-session">
-              User of the study session
+              {{ $t('dashboard.study.userOfStudySession') }}
             </label>
           </div>
 
@@ -107,7 +112,7 @@
                 value="study_owner"
             />
             <label class="form-check-label" for="owner-current-user">
-              Owner of the study
+              {{ $t('dashboard.study.ownerOfStudy') }}
             </label>
           </div>
         </div>
@@ -137,14 +142,14 @@
         <div class="form-check">
           <input id="filterHasDocumentsCheckbox" v-model="filterHasDocuments" class="form-check-input" type="checkbox">
           <label class="form-check-label" for="filterHasDocumentsCheckbox">
-            Filter only users with documents
+            {{ $t('dashboard.study.filterUsersWithDocuments') }}
           </label>
           <br>
           <input
               id="filterSelectedDocumentsCheckbox" v-model="filterSelectedDocuments" class="form-check-input"
               type="checkbox">
           <label class="form-check-label" for="filterSelectedDocumentsCheckbox">
-            Filter only users from previous selected documents
+            {{ $t('dashboard.study.filterUsersFromPreviousDocuments') }}
           </label>
         </div>
         <BasicTable
@@ -162,14 +167,14 @@
         <div class="form-check">
           <input id="filterHasDocumentsCheckbox4" v-model="filterHasDocuments" class="form-check-input" type="checkbox">
           <label class="form-check-label" for="filterHasDocumentsCheckbox4">
-            Filter only users with documents
+            {{ $t('dashboard.study.filterUsersWithDocuments') }}
           </label>
           <br>
           <input
               id="filterSelectedDocumentsCheckbox4" v-model="filterSelectedDocuments" class="form-check-input"
               type="checkbox">
           <label class="form-check-label" for="filterSelectedDocumentsCheckbox4">
-            Filter only users from previous selected documents
+            {{ $t('dashboard.study.filterUsersFromPreviousDocuments') }}
           </label>
         </div>
         <BasicTable
@@ -189,7 +194,7 @@
 
         <div v-if="reviewerSelectionMode['mode'] === 'role'">
           <div class="mt-2">
-            Define the number of reviews that each user of the role should perform:
+            {{ $t('dashboard.study.defineTheNumberOfReviews') }}
           </div>
           <BasicForm
               v-if="roleSelectionFields.length > 0"
@@ -199,16 +204,16 @@
               :fields="roleSelectionFields"
           />
           <div v-else>
-            <p class="text-center text-danger mt-4">There are no roles available!</p>
-            <p class="text-center">Please select reviewers with roles or change selection mode!</p>
+            <p class="text-center text-danger mt-4">{{ $t('dashboard.study.noRolesAvailable') }}</p>
+            <p class="text-center">{{ $t('dashboard.study.selectReviewersOrChangeMode') }}</p>
           </div>
         </div>
         <div v-else-if="reviewerSelectionMode['mode'] === 'reviewer'">
           <div class="mt-2">
-            Distribute the documents between the selected reviewers:
+            {{ $t('dashboard.study.discontributeDocuments') }}
           </div>
           <div class="mb-4">
-            Remaining Assignments: <strong>{{ remainingAssignments }}</strong>
+            {{ $t('dashboard.study.remainingAssignments') }} <strong>{{ remainingAssignments }}</strong>
           </div>
 
           <BasicForm
@@ -218,7 +223,7 @@
           />
         </div>
         <div v-else>
-          Please select a reviewer selection mode
+          {{ $t('dashboard.study.selectMode') }}
         </div>
       </div>
     </template>
@@ -233,7 +238,7 @@
 
         <div v-if="reviewerSelectionMode['mode'] === 'role'">
           <div class="mt-2">
-            Define the number of reviews that each user of the role should perform:
+            {{ $t('dashboard.study.defineTheNumberOfReviews') }}
           </div>
           <BasicForm
               v-if="roleSelectionFields.length > 0"
@@ -243,16 +248,16 @@
               :fields="roleSelectionFields"
           />
           <div v-else>
-            <p class="text-center text-danger mt-4">There are no roles available!</p>
-            <p class="text-center">Please select reviewers with roles or change selection mode!</p>
+            <p class="text-center text-danger mt-4">{{ $t('dashboard.study.noRolesAvailable') }}</p>
+            <p class="text-center">{{ $t('dashboard.study.selectReviewersOrChangeMode') }}</p>
           </div>
         </div>
         <div v-else-if="reviewerSelectionMode['mode'] === 'reviewer'">
           <div class="mt-2">
-            Distribute the documents between the selected reviewers:
+            {{ $t('dashboard.study.discontributeDocuments') }}
           </div>
           <div class="mb-4">
-            Remaining Assignments: <strong>{{ remainingAssignments }}</strong>
+            {{ $t('dashboard.study.remainingAssignments') }} <strong>{{ remainingAssignments }}</strong>
           </div>
 
           <BasicForm
@@ -262,26 +267,24 @@
           />
         </div>
         <div v-else>
-          Please select a reviewer selection mode
+          {{ $t('dashboard.study.selectMode') }}
         </div>
       </div>
       <div v-else>
         <p>
-          Are you sure you want to create the assignment with the following details?
+          {{ $t('dashboard.study.createAssignmentConfirmPrompt') }}
         </p>
         <p v-if="reviewerSelectionMode.mode !== 'session_user'" class="text-danger">
-          <strong>Warning:</strong> The assignment process will make sure that a reviewer does not review their own
-          document.
+          <strong>{{ $t('dashboard.study.warning') }}</strong> {{ $t('dashboard.study.notReviewOwnDocument') }}
           <br>
-          This could lead to a failure in the assignment process, <br>
-          so make sure that the values are set correctly for a successful assignment.
+          {{ $t('dashboard.study.warning1') }} <br>
+          {{ $t('dashboard.study.warning2') }}
         </p>
         <p v-else class="text-warning">
-          <strong>Warning:</strong> In session user-based selection mode, each selected reviewer must have a
-          corresponding study session.
+          <strong>{{ $t('dashboard.study.warning') }}</strong> {{ $t('dashboard.study.sessionUserSelectionWarning') }}
           <br>
           <span v-if="unmatchedReviewersForSessions.length > 0" class="text-danger">
-            The following reviewers do not have matching study sessions:
+            {{ $t('dashboard.study.reviewersWithoutMatchingStudySessions') }}
             <ul>
               <li v-for="unmatchedReviewer in unmatchedReviewersForSessions" :key="unmatchedReviewer.id">
                 {{ unmatchedReviewer.firstName }} {{ unmatchedReviewer.lastName }} (ID: {{ unmatchedReviewer.id }})
@@ -289,33 +292,33 @@
             </ul>
           </span>
           <span v-else>
-            All selected reviewers have matching study sessions.
+            {{ $t('dashboard.study.allReviewersHaveMatchingStudySessions') }}
           </span>
         </p>
 
         <div class="container">
           <div class="row mb-2">
-            <div class="col-2"><strong>Template:</strong></div>
+            <div class="col-2"><strong>{{ $t('dashboard.study.template') }}</strong></div>
             <div class="col-8">{{ template.name }}</div>
           </div>
           <div class="row mb-2">
-            <div class="col-2"><strong>Workflow:</strong></div>
+            <div class="col-2"><strong>{{ $t('dashboard.study.workflow') }}</strong></div>
             <div class="col-8">{{ workflow.name }}</div>
           </div>
           <div class="row mb-2">
-            <div class="col-2"><strong>Documents:</strong></div>
+            <div class="col-2"><strong>{{ $t('dashboard.study.documents') }}</strong></div>
             <div class="col-8">{{ selectedAssignments.length }}</div>
           </div>
           <div class="row mb-2">
-            <div class="col-2"><strong>Reviewers:</strong></div>
+            <div class="col-2"><strong>{{ $t('dashboard.study.reviewers') }}</strong></div>
             <div class="col-8">{{ selectedReviewer.length }}</div>
           </div>
           <div class="row mb-2">
-            <div class="col-2"><strong>Reviews to create:</strong></div>
+            <div class="col-2"><strong>{{ $t('dashboard.study.reviewsToCreate') }}</strong></div>
             <div class="col-8">{{ numberOfReviews }}</div>
           </div>
           <div class="row mb-2">
-            <div class="col-2"><strong>Selection Mode:</strong></div>
+            <div class="col-2"><strong>{{ $t('dashboard.study.selectionMode') }}</strong></div>
             <div class="col-8">
               {{
                 reviewerSelectionModeFields[0].options.find(field => field.value === reviewerSelectionMode.mode).name
@@ -324,7 +327,7 @@
           </div>
           <div v-if="reviewerSelectionMode.mode === 'role'">
             <div class="row mb-2">
-              <div class="col-2"><strong>Roles:</strong></div>
+              <div class="col-2"><strong>{{ $t('dashboard.study.roles') }}</strong></div>
               <div class="col-8">
                 <ul>
                   <li v-for="(value, key) in listOfSelectedRoles" :key="key">
@@ -336,7 +339,7 @@
           </div>
           <div v-if="reviewerSelectionMode.mode === 'reviewer'">
             <div class="row mb-2">
-              <div class="col-2"><strong>Reviewers:</strong></div>
+              <div class="col-2"><strong>{{ $t('dashboard.study.reviewers') }}</strong></div>
               <div class="col-8">
                 <ul>
                   <li v-for="(value, key) in listOfSelectedReviewers" :key="key">
@@ -352,21 +355,19 @@
 
     <template #step-6>
       <p>
-        Are you sure you want to create the assignment with the following details?
+        {{ $t('dashboard.study.createAssignmentConfirmPrompt') }}
       </p>
       <p v-if="reviewerSelectionMode.mode !== 'session_user'" class="text-danger">
-        <strong>Warning:</strong> The assignment process will make sure that a reviewer does not review their own
-        document.
+        <strong>{{ $t('dashboard.study.warning') }}</strong> {{ $t('dashboard.study.notReviewOwnDocument') }}
         <br>
-        This could lead to a failure in the assignment process, <br>
-        so make sure that the values are set correctly for a successful assignment.
+        {{ $t('dashboard.study.warning1') }} <br>
+        {{ $t('dashboard.study.warning2') }}
       </p>
       <p v-else class="text-warning">
-        <strong>Warning:</strong> In session user-based selection mode, each selected reviewer must have a corresponding
-        study session.
+        <strong>{{ $t('dashboard.study.warning') }}</strong> {{ $t('dashboard.study.sessionUserSelectionWarning') }}
         <br>
         <span v-if="unmatchedReviewersForSessions.length > 0" class="text-danger">
-          The following reviewers do not have matching study sessions:
+          {{ $t('dashboard.study.reviewersWithoutMatchingStudySessions') }}
           <ul>
             <li v-for="unmatchedReviewer in unmatchedReviewersForSessions" :key="unmatchedReviewer.id">
               {{ unmatchedReviewer.firstName }} {{ unmatchedReviewer.lastName }} (ID: {{ unmatchedReviewer.id }})
@@ -374,40 +375,42 @@
           </ul>
         </span>
         <span v-else>
-          All selected reviewers have matching study sessions.
+          {{ $t('dashboard.study.allReviewersHaveMatchingStudySessions') }}
         </span>
       </p>
 
       <div class="container">
         <div class="row mb-2">
-          <div class="col-2"><strong>Template:</strong></div>
+          <div class="col-2"><strong>{{ $t('dashboard.study.template') }}</strong></div>
           <div class="col-8">{{ template.name }}</div>
         </div>
         <div class="row mb-2">
-          <div class="col-2"><strong>Workflow:</strong></div>
+          <div class="col-2"><strong>{{ $t('dashboard.study.workflow') }}</strong></div>
           <div class="col-8">{{ workflow.name }}</div>
         </div>
         <div class="row mb-2">
-          <div class="col-2"><strong>Documents:</strong></div>
+          <div class="col-2"><strong>{{ $t('dashboard.study.documents') }}</strong></div>
           <div class="col-8">{{ selectedAssignments.length }}</div>
         </div>
         <div class="row mb-2">
-          <div class="col-2"><strong>Reviewers:</strong></div>
+          <div class="col-2"><strong>{{ $t('dashboard.study.reviewers') }}</strong></div>
           <div class="col-8">{{ selectedReviewer.length }}</div>
         </div>
         <div class="row mb-2">
-          <div class="col-2"><strong>Reviews to create:</strong></div>
+          <div class="col-2"><strong>{{ $t('dashboard.study.reviewsToCreate') }}</strong></div>
           <div class="col-8">{{ numberOfReviews }}</div>
         </div>
         <div class="row mb-2">
-          <div class="col-2"><strong>Selection Mode:</strong></div>
+          <div class="col-2"><strong>{{ $t('dashboard.study.selectionMode') }}</strong></div>
           <div class="col-8">
-            {{ reviewerSelectionModeFields[0].options.find(field => field.value === reviewerSelectionMode.mode).name }}
+            {{
+              reviewerSelectionModeFields[0].options.find(field => field.value === reviewerSelectionMode.mode).name
+            }}
           </div>
         </div>
         <div v-if="reviewerSelectionMode.mode === 'role'">
           <div class="row mb-2">
-            <div class="col-2"><strong>Roles:</strong></div>
+            <div class="col-2"><strong>{{ $t('dashboard.study.roles') }}</strong></div>
             <div class="col-8">
               <ul>
                 <li v-for="(value, key) in listOfSelectedRoles" :key="key">
@@ -419,7 +422,7 @@
         </div>
         <div v-if="reviewerSelectionMode.mode === 'reviewer'">
           <div class="row mb-2">
-            <div class="col-2"><strong>Reviewers:</strong></div>
+            <div class="col-2"><strong>{{ $t('dashboard.study.reviewers') }}</strong></div>
             <div class="col-8">
               <ul>
                 <li v-for="(value, key) in listOfSelectedReviewers" :key="key">
@@ -439,7 +442,7 @@ import BasicTable from "@/basic/Table.vue";
 import BasicForm from "@/basic/Form.vue";
 import StepperModal from "@/basic/modal/StepperModal.vue";
 import FormSelect from "@/basic/form/Select.vue";
-import {downloadObjectsAs} from "@/assets/utils";
+import {downloadObjectsAs, resolveApiMessage, translateMaybeKey} from "@/assets/utils";
 
 /**
  * Modal for bulk creating assignments
@@ -558,7 +561,15 @@ export default {
       return this.$store.getters["table/study/get"](this.templateSelection.template);
     },
     workflow() {
-      return this.$store.getters["table/workflow/get"](this.template.workflowId);
+      const workflow = this.$store.getters["table/workflow/get"](this.template.workflowId);
+      if (!workflow) {
+        return null;
+      }
+      return {
+        ...workflow,
+        name: translateMaybeKey(workflow.name),
+        description: translateMaybeKey(workflow.description),
+      };
     },
     workflowSteps() {
       if (!this.template) return [];
@@ -636,15 +647,15 @@ export default {
               id: session.id,
               studyId: session.studyId,
               userId: this.newStudyOwner === 'session_owner' ? user.id : studyOwner.id,
-              completeUserName: user ? `${user.firstName} ${user.lastName}` : 'Unknown User',
-              firstName: user ? user.firstName : 'Unknown',
-              lastName: user ? user.lastName : 'Unknown',
-              studyCompleteUserName: studyOwner ? `${studyOwner.firstName} ${studyOwner.lastName}` : 'Unknown User',
+              completeUserName: user ? `${user.firstName} ${user.lastName}` : this.$t('dashboard.study.unknownUser'),
+              firstName: user ? user.firstName : this.$t('common.unknown'),
+              lastName: user ? user.lastName : this.$t('common.unknown'),
+              studyCompleteUserName: studyOwner ? `${studyOwner.firstName} ${studyOwner.lastName}` : this.$t('dashboard.study.unknownUser'),
               studyUserId: studyOwner.userId,
-              studyFirstName: studyOwner ? studyOwner.firstName : 'Unknown',
-              studyLastName: studyOwner ? studyOwner.lastName : 'Unknown',
+              studyFirstName: studyOwner ? studyOwner.firstName : this.$t('common.unknown'),
+              studyLastName: studyOwner ? studyOwner.lastName : this.$t('common.unknown'),
               workflowType: this.getWorkflowType(study.workflowId),
-              submissionGroup: submission && submission.group ? submission.group : 'N/A',
+              submissionGroup: submission && submission.group ? submission.group : this.$t('common.na'),
               status: session.end === null ? "Running" : "Finished",
               createdAt: new Date(session.createdAt).toLocaleString(),
             };
@@ -652,21 +663,21 @@ export default {
     },
     studySessionsTableColumns() {
       return [
-        {name: "ID", key: "id"},
-        {name: "Session User Name", key: "completeUserName", sortable: true},
-        {name: "Study Owner User Name", key: "studyCompleteUserName", sortable: true},
-        {name: "Workflow Type", key: "workflowType", sortable: true},
-        {name: "Created At", key: "createdAt", sortable: true},
-        {name: "Submission Group", key: "submissionGroup", sortable: true, filter: this.groupFilterOptions},
+        {name: this.$t('common.id'), key: "id"},
+        {name: this.$t('dashboard.study.sessionUserName'), key: "completeUserName", sortable: true},
+        {name: this.$t('dashboard.study.studyOwnerUserName'), key: "studyCompleteUserName", sortable: true},
+        {name: this.$t('dashboard.study.workflowType'), key: "workflowType", sortable: true},
+        {name: this.$t('common.createdAt'), key: "createdAt", sortable: true},
+        {name: this.$t('dashboard.study.submissionGroup'), key: "submissionGroup", sortable: true, filter: this.groupFilterOptions},
         {
-          name: "Status",
+          name: this.$t('common.status'),
           key: "status",
           type: "badge",
           sortable: true,
           typeOptions: {
             keyMapping: {
-              Running: "Running",
-              Finished: "Finished",
+              Running: this.$t('dashboard.study.running'),
+              Finished: this.$t('dashboard.study.finished'),
             },
             classMapping: {
               Running: "bg-primary",
@@ -679,41 +690,41 @@ export default {
     documentsTable() {
       return this.documents.filter((d) => d.type === 0).map((d) => {
         let newD = {...d};
-        newD.type = d.type === 0 ? "PDF" : "HTML";
+        newD.type = d.type === 0 ? this.$t('documents.types.pdf') : this.$t('documents.types.html');
         const user = this.$store.getters["table/user/get"](d.userId)
-        newD.firstName = (user) ? user.firstName : "Unknown";
-        newD.lastName = (user) ? user.lastName : "Unknown";
+        newD.firstName = (user) ? user.firstName : this.$t('common.unknown');
+        newD.lastName = (user) ? user.lastName : this.$t('common.unknown');
         return newD;
       })
     },
     documentsTableColumns() {
       return [
-        {name: "ID", key: "id"},
-        {name: "Document", key: "name"},
-        {name: "First Name", key: "firstName"},
-        {name: "Last Name", key: "lastName"},
+        {name: this.$t('common.id'), key: "id"},
+        {name: this.$t('documents.document'), key: "name"},
+        {name: this.$t('common.firstName'), key: "firstName"},
+        {name: this.$t('common.lastName'), key: "lastName"},
       ]
     },
     submissionsTable() {
       return this.submissions.map((s) => {
         let newS = {...s};
         const user = this.$store.getters["table/user/get"](s.userId);
-        newS.name = s.name || `Submission ${s.id}`;
-        newS.userName = user ? user.userName : "N/A";
-        newS.firstName = user ? user.firstName : "Unknown";
-        newS.lastName = user ? user.lastName : "Unknown";
+        newS.name = s.name || this.$t('dashboard.study.submissionWithId', { id: s.id });
+        newS.userName = user ? user.userName : this.$t('common.na');
+        newS.firstName = user ? user.firstName : this.$t('common.unknown');
+        newS.lastName = user ? user.lastName : this.$t('common.unknown');
         newS.group = (s.group !== null && s.group !== undefined && s.group !== '') ? s.group : '';
         return newS;
       });
     },
     submissionColumns() {
       return [
-        {name: "ID", key: "id"},
-        {name: "User Name", key: "userName"},
-        {name: "First Name", key: "firstName"},
-        {name: "Last Name", key: "lastName"},
-        {name: "Group ID", key: "group", filter: this.groupFilterOptions},
-        {name: "Created At", key: "createdAt"},
+        {name: this.$t('common.id'), key: "id"},
+        {name: this.$t('common.userName'), key: "userName"},
+        {name: this.$t('common.firstName'), key: "firstName"},
+        {name: this.$t('common.lastName'), key: "lastName"},
+        {name: this.$t('common.groupId'), key: "group", filter: this.groupFilterOptions},
+        {name: this.$t('common.createdAt'), key: "createdAt"},
       ]
     },
     reviewerTable() {
@@ -763,13 +774,13 @@ export default {
     },
     reviewerTableColumns() {
       return [
-        {name: "ID", key: "id"},
-        {name: "extId", key: "extId"},
-        {name: "First Name", key: "firstName"},
-        {name: "Last Name", key: "lastName"},
-        {name: "Number of Assignments", key: "studySessions"},
+        {name: this.$t('common.id'), key: "id"},
+        {name: this.$t('common.extId'), key: "extId"},
+        {name: this.$t('common.firstName'), key: "firstName"},
+        {name: this.$t('common.lastName'), key: "lastName"},
+        {name: this.$t('dashboard.projects.numberOfAssignments'), key: "studySessions"},
         {
-          name: "Documents",
+          name: this.$t('dashboard.study.documents'),
           key: "documents",
           filter: {
             type: "numeric",
@@ -778,7 +789,7 @@ export default {
           },
         },
         {
-          name: "Roles",
+          name: this.$t('dashboard.study.roles'),
           key: "rolesNames",
           filter: this.reviewerRoles.map(r => ({key: r, name: r})),
         },
@@ -806,7 +817,7 @@ export default {
           .map((g) => ({key: g, name: g}));
 
       if (hasEmptyGroups) {
-        options.unshift({key: '', name: 'No GroupID'});
+        options.unshift({key: '', name: this.$t('common.noGroupId')});
       }
 
       return options;
@@ -817,20 +828,20 @@ export default {
     steps() {
       if (this.assignmentType === 'study_session') {
         return [
-          {title: "Template Selection"},
-          {title: "Workflow Mapping"},
-          {title: "Study Session Selection"},
-          {title: "Reviewer Selection"},
-          {title: "Distribution"},
-          {title: "Confirmation"}
+          {title: this.$t('dashboard.study.templateSelection')},
+          {title: this.$t('dashboard.study.workflowMapping')},
+          {title: this.$t('dashboard.study.studySessionSelection')},
+          {title: this.$t('dashboard.study.reviewerSelection')},
+          {title: this.$t('dashboard.study.distribution')},
+          {title: this.$t('common.confirmation')}
         ];
       }
       return [
-        {title: "Template Selection"},
-        {title: "Document Selection"},
-        {title: "Reviewer Selection"},
-        {title: "Distribution"},
-        {title: "Confirmation"}
+        {title: this.$t('dashboard.study.templateSelection')},
+        {title: this.$t('dashboard.study.documentSelection')},
+        {title: this.$t('dashboard.study.reviewerSelection')},
+        {title: this.$t('dashboard.study.distribution')},
+        {title: this.$t('common.confirmation')}
       ];
     },
     workflowOptions() {
@@ -889,7 +900,7 @@ export default {
       return [
         {
           key: "template",
-          label: "Template",
+          label: this.$t('studies.template'),
           type: "select",
           options: this.templates.map(template => ({
             name: template.name,
@@ -902,9 +913,9 @@ export default {
     assignmentTypeFields() {
       return {
         options: [
-          {value: 'document', name: 'Documents'},
-          {value: 'submission', name: 'Submissions'},
-          {value: 'study_session', name: 'Study Sessions'}
+          {value: 'document', name: this.$t('documents.title')},
+          {value: 'submission', name: this.$t('nlp.inputFiles.submissions')},
+          {value: 'study_session', name: this.$t('dashboard.study.studySessions')}
         ]
       };
     },
@@ -916,7 +927,7 @@ export default {
     emailTemplateOptions() {
       return {
         options: [
-          {value: null, name: 'None (no email will be sent)'},
+          {value: null, name: this.$t('dashboard.study.noEmailWillBeSent')},
           ...this.emailTemplates.map(t => ({
             value: t.id,
             name: t.name
@@ -927,16 +938,16 @@ export default {
     reviewerSelectionModeFields() {
       const baseOptions = [
         {
-          name: "Role-based selection (the number of documents that should be reviewed by each user of the selected roles)",
+          name: this.$t('dashboard.study.roleBasedSelection'),
           value: "role"
         },
-        {name: "Reviewer-based selection (distribute document between the selected reviewers)", value: "reviewer"},
+        {name: this.$t('dashboard.study.reviewerBasedSelection'), value: "reviewer"},
       ];
 
       // Add session_user option only for study_session assignment type
       if (this.assignmentType === 'study_session') {
         baseOptions.push({
-          name: "Session user-based selection (assign each study session to its original user)",
+          name: this.$t('dashboard.study.sessionUserBasedSelection'),
           value: "session_user"
         });
       }
@@ -944,7 +955,7 @@ export default {
       return [
         {
           key: "mode",
-          label: "Reviewer Selection Mode",
+          label: this.$t('dashboard.study.reviewerSelectionMode'),
           type: "select",
           options: baseOptions,
           required: true,
@@ -954,25 +965,25 @@ export default {
     roleSelectionFields() {
       return this.selectedReviewerRoles.map(roleId => ({
         key: this.roles.find((role) => role.id === roleId).id,
-        label: "Number of reviews for role: " + this.roles.find((role) => role.id === roleId).name,
+        label: this.$t('dashboard.study.nameOfReviewsForRole') + this.roles.find((role) => role.id === roleId).name,
         type: "slider",
         class: 'custom-slider-class',
         min: 0,
         max: 10,
         step: 1,
-        unit: 'review(s)'
+        unit: this.$t('dashboard.study.reviews')
       }));
     },
     reviewerSelectionFields() {
       return this.selectedReviewer.map(user => ({
         key: user.id,
-        label: "Number of reviews for user: " + user.firstName + " " + user.lastName,
+        label: this.$t('dashboard.study.nameofReviewsForUsers') + user.firstName + " " + user.lastName,
         type: "slider",
         class: 'custom-slider-class',
         min: 0,
         max: Number(this.remainingAssignments + Number(this.reviewerSelection[user.id])),
         step: 1,
-        unit: 'review(s)'
+        unit: this.$t('dashboard.study.reviews')
       }));
     },
   },
@@ -1016,16 +1027,16 @@ export default {
     },
     getWorkflowType(workflowId) {
       const workflow = this.$store.getters["table/workflow/get"](workflowId);
-      return workflow ? workflow.name : "Unknown";
+      return workflow ? translateMaybeKey(workflow.name) : this.$t('common.unknown');
     },
     getStepTypeName(stepType) {
       switch (stepType) {
         case 1:
-          return 'Annotator';
+          return this.$t('dashboard.study.annotator');
         case 2:
-          return 'Editor';
+          return this.$t('dashboard.study.editor');
         default:
-          return 'Unknown';
+          return this.$t('common.unknown');
       }
     },
     getTargetStepOptions(stepType, currentStepId) {
@@ -1050,7 +1061,10 @@ export default {
       const options = orderedSteps
           .filter(step => step.stepType === stepType)
           .map((step) => ({
-            name: `<Workflow> Step ${stepPositionMap.get(step.id)} (${this.getStepTypeName(step.stepType)})`,
+            name: this.$t('dashboard.study.workflowStepOption', {
+              index: stepPositionMap.get(step.id),
+              type: this.getStepTypeName(step.stepType)
+            }),
             value: step.id,
           }));
 
@@ -1065,7 +1079,7 @@ export default {
           );
           if (previousSourceStep && previousSourceStep.stepType === 1) {
             options.unshift({
-              name: '<Document> Revised Document',
+              name: this.$t('dashboard.study.revisedDocument'),
               value: 'previousSubmission',
             });
           }
@@ -1185,14 +1199,14 @@ export default {
           }
           this.$refs.assignmentStepper.close();
           this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-            title: "Assignment created",
-            message: "The assignment has been created successfully",
+            title: this.$t('dashboard.study.assignmentCreated'),
+            message: this.$t('dashboard.study.assignmentCreatedMessage'),
             variant: "success",
           });
         } else {
           this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-            title: "Failed to create assignment",
-            message: res.message,
+            title: this.$t('dashboard.study.failedToCreateAssignment'),
+            message: resolveApiMessage(res),
             variant: "danger",
           });
         }
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/study/BulkCloseModal.vue b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/study/BulkCloseModal.vue
index 83e30b233..3fcf69272 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/study/BulkCloseModal.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/study/BulkCloseModal.vue
@@ -4,12 +4,12 @@
     name="bulk-close-modal"
   >
     <template #title>
-      <span>Bulk Close Studies</span>
+      <span>{{$t('dashboard.study.bulkCloseStudies')}}</span>
     </template>
     <template #body>
       <div>
         <p>
-          Are you sure you want to close all open studies?
+          {{$t('dashboard.study.closeStudiesPrompt')}}
         </p>
         <div class="form-check mt-3">
           <input
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
             class="form-check-label"
             for="notifySessionsCheckbox"
           >
-            Send email notification to participants with open sessions
+            {{$t('dashboard.study.sendEmailToParticipants')}}
           </label>
         </div>
       </div>
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
     <template #footer>
       <div>
         <BasicButton
-          title="Close All Studies"
+          :title="$t('dashboard.study.closeAllStudies')"
           class="btn btn-primary"
           @click="closeAllStudies"
         />
@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@
 <script>
 import BasicModal from "@/basic/Modal.vue";
 import BasicButton from "@/basic/Button.vue";
+import { resolveApiMessage } from "@/assets/utils";
 
 /**
  * Modal for bulk closing studies
@@ -82,15 +83,15 @@ export default {
         this.$refs.bulkCloseModal.stopProgress();
         if (res.success) {
           this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-            title: "All studies closed",
-            message: "All open studies have been closed",
+            title: this.$t('dashboard.study.allStudiesClosed'),
+            message: this.$t('dashboard.study.allStudiesClosedMessage'),
             variant: "success",
           });
           this.$refs.bulkCloseModal.close();
         } else {
           this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-            title: "Failed to close all studies",
-            message: res.message,
+            title: this.$t('dashboard.study.failedToClose'),
+            message: resolveApiMessage(res),
             variant: "danger",
           });
         }
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/study/SavedTemplatesModal.vue b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/study/SavedTemplatesModal.vue
index 7319a6c83..e4ca94701 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/study/SavedTemplatesModal.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/study/SavedTemplatesModal.vue
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
     size="lg"
   >
     <template #title>
-      <h5 class="modal-title">Saved Templates</h5>
+      <h5 class="modal-title">{{$t('studies.savedTemplates')}}</h5>
     </template>
     <template #body>
       <BasicTable
@@ -23,14 +23,14 @@
             class="btn btn-outline-secondary btn-sm"
             icon="upload"
             text=""
-            title="Import Template"
+            :title="$t('modals.importExport.wiring.studyTemplates.importTooltip')"
             @click="openImport"
           />
           <BasicButton
             class="btn btn-outline-secondary btn-sm"
             icon="download"
             text=""
-            title="Export All Templates"
+            :title="$t('modals.importExport.wiring.studyTemplates.exportAllTooltip')"
             @click="$refs.exportFormatModal.open(null, 'study', 'study_step')"
           />
         </template>
@@ -40,12 +40,14 @@
       <span class="btn-group">
         <BasicButton
           class="btn btn-secondary"
-          title="Close"
+          :text="$t('common.close')"
+          :title="$t('common.close')"
           @click="close"
         />
         <BasicButton
           class="btn btn-primary"
-          title="Create Template"
+          :text="$t('dashboard.study.createTemplate')"
+          :title="$t('dashboard.study.createTemplate')"
           @click="createTemplate"
         />
       </span>
@@ -54,11 +56,11 @@
   <ConfirmModal ref="deleteConf"/>
   <ImportFormatModal
     ref="importFormatModal"
-    title="Import Study Templates"
+    :title="$t('modals.importExport.wiring.studyTemplates.importTitle')"
   />
   <ExportFormatModal
     ref="exportFormatModal"
-    title="Export Study Template"
+    :title="$t('modals.importExport.wiring.studyTemplates.exportTitle')"
   />
 </span>
 </template>
@@ -69,6 +71,7 @@ import BasicTable from "@/basic/Table.vue";
 import BasicButton from "@/basic/Button.vue";
 import StudyModal from "@/components/dashboard/coordinator/Study.vue";
 import ConfirmModal from "@/basic/modal/ConfirmModal.vue";
+import { formatLocalizedDate, resolveApiMessage } from "@/assets/utils";
 import ImportFormatModal from "@/basic/modal/ImportFormatModal.vue";
 import ExportFormatModal from "@/basic/modal/ExportFormatModal.vue";
 /**
@@ -95,32 +98,32 @@ export default {
         search: true,
       },
       columns: [
-        { name: "Name", key: "name" },
-        { name: "Created At", key: "createdAt", sortable: true },
+        { name: this.$t('common.name'), key: "name" },
+        { name: this.$t('common.createdAt'), key: "createdAt", sortable: true },
         {
-          name: "Resumable",
+          name: this.$t('studies.columns.resumable'),
           key: "resumable",
           type: "badge",
           typeOptions: {
-            keyMapping: {true: "Yes", false: "No"},
+            keyMapping: {true: this.$t('common.yes'), false: this.$t('common.no')},
             classMapping: {true: "bg-success", false: "bg-danger"}
           }
         },
         {
-          name: "Collaborative",
+          name: this.$t('studies.columns.collaborative'),
           key: "collab",
           type: "badge",
           typeOptions: {
-            keyMapping: {true: "Yes", false: "No"},
+            keyMapping: {true: this.$t('common.yes'), false: this.$t('common.no')},
             classMapping: {true: "bg-success", false: "bg-danger"}
           }
         },
         {
-          name: "Multiple Submissions",
+          name: this.$t('studies.columns.multipleSubmissions'),
           key: "multipleSubmit",
           type: "badge",
           typeOptions: {
-            keyMapping: {true: "Yes", false: "No"},
+            keyMapping: {true: this.$t('common.yes'), false: this.$t('common.no')},
             classMapping: {true: "bg-success", false: "bg-danger"}
           }
         },
@@ -134,7 +137,7 @@ export default {
               "btn-outline-secondary": true,
             }
           },
-          title: "Delete",
+          title: this.$t('common.delete'),
           filter: [
             {key: "showDeleteTemplateButton", value: true},
           ],
@@ -148,7 +151,7 @@ export default {
               "btn-outline-secondary": true,
             }
           },
-          title: "Use",
+          title: this.$t('common.use'),
           action: "useTemplate",
         },
         {
@@ -171,7 +174,7 @@ export default {
         return {
           id: s.id,
           name: s.name,
-          createdAt: new Date(s.createdAt).toLocaleDateString(),
+          createdAt: formatLocalizedDate(s.createdAt),
           resumable: s.resumable,
           collab: s.collab,
           multipleSubmit: s.multipleSubmit,
@@ -203,10 +206,9 @@ export default {
       this.$refs.exportFormatModal.open(template.id, "study", "study_step");
     },
     deleteTemplate(template) {
-      this.close();
       this.$refs.deleteConf.open(
-        "Delete Template",
-        "Are you sure you want to delete this template?",
+        this.$t('dashboard.study.deleteTemplate'),
+        this.$t('dashboard.study.deleteTemplatePrompt'),
         "",
         (val) => {
           if (val) {
@@ -219,14 +221,14 @@ export default {
             }, (result) => {
               if (result.success) {
                 this.eventBus.emit('toast', {
-                  title: "Study template deleted",
-                  message: "The study template has been deleted",
+                  title: this.$t('dashboard.study.studyTemplateDeleted'),
+                  message: this.$t('dashboard.study.studyTemplateDeletedMessage'),
                   variant: "success"
                 });
               } else {
                 this.eventBus.emit('toast', {
-                  title: "Study template deletion failed",
-                  message: result.message,
+                  title: this.$t('dashboard.study.deletionFailed'),
+                  message: resolveApiMessage(result),
                   variant: "danger"
                 });
               }
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/study/SingleAssignmentModal.vue b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/study/SingleAssignmentModal.vue
index 218c62076..4d6c5b527 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/study/SingleAssignmentModal.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/study/SingleAssignmentModal.vue
@@ -7,12 +7,12 @@
       @submit="createAssignment"
     >
     <template #title>
-      <h5 class="modal-title">Create Assignment</h5>
+      <h5 class="modal-title">{{$t('dashboard.study.createAssignment')}}</h5>
     </template>
 
     <template v-if="templates.length === 0" #error>
-      <p class="text-center text-danger">There are not study templates available!</p>
-      <p class="text-center">Please create a study template to proceed!</p>
+      <p class="text-center text-danger">{{$t('dashboard.study.noStudyTemplatesAvailable')}}</p>
+      <p class="text-center">{{$t('dashboard.study.createTemplateToProceed')}}</p>
     </template>
     <template #step-1>
       <BasicForm
@@ -20,18 +20,18 @@
           v-model="templateSelection"
           :fields="templateSelectionFields"
       />
-      <div class="mt-3"><strong>Workflow Steps:</strong></div>
+      <div class="mt-3"><strong>{{$t('dashboard.study.workflowSteps')}}</strong></div>
       <ul class="list-group">
         <li
             v-for="(workflowStep, index) in workflowSteps"
             :key="workflowStep.id" class="list-group-item"
             :class="(workflowStep.workflowStepDocument !== null) ? 'disabled': 'list-group-item-primary'">
-          Workflow Step {{ index + 1 }}:
-          {{ (workflowStep.stepType === 1) ? "Annotator" : (workflowStep.stepType === 2) ? "Editor" : "Unknown" }}
+            {{$t('dashboard.study.workflowStepWithIndex', {index: index + 1})}}
+            {{ getStepTypeName(workflowStep.stepType) }}
         </li>
       </ul>
       <div class="mt-3">
-        <label class="form-label"><strong>Assignment should be based on:</strong></label>
+        <label class="form-label"><strong>{{$t('dashboard.study.assignmentBase')}}</strong></label>
         <FormSelect
             v-model="assignmentTypeSelection.type"
             :options="assignmentTypeFields"
@@ -46,16 +46,16 @@
             class="form-check-input"
           />
           <label class="form-check-label" for="emailNotifyCheck">
-            <strong>Send email notification to reviewer</strong>
+            <strong>{{$t('dashboard.study.sendEmailNotificationToReviewer')}}</strong>
           </label>
         </div>
       </div>
     </template>
     <template #step-2>
       <div v-if="assignmentType === 'study_session'">
-        <h6 class="text-secondary">Target Workflow Selection</h6>
+        <h6 class="text-secondary">{{ $t('dashboard.study.targetWorkflowSelection') }}</h6>
         <div class="mb-3">
-          <label class="form-label"><strong>Select Target Workflow:</strong></label>
+          <label class="form-label"><strong>{{ $t('dashboard.study.selectTargetWorkflow') }}</strong></label>
           <FormSelect
               v-model="targetWorkflowId"
               :options="workflowOptions"
@@ -63,8 +63,8 @@
         </div>
 
         <div v-if="targetWorkflowId && targetWorkflowSteps.length > 0">
-          <h6 class="text-secondary mt-4">Workflow Step Mapping</h6>
-          <p class="text-muted">Map each source workflow step (from template) to a target workflow step:</p>
+          <h6 class="text-secondary mt-4">{{ $t('dashboard.study.workflowStepMapping') }}</h6>
+          <p class="text-muted">{{ $t('dashboard.study.mapWorkflowStepToTarget') }}</p>
           
           <div
               v-for="(workflowStep, index) in workflowSteps"
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@
               class="mb-3"
           >
             <label class="form-label">
-              <strong>Source Step {{ index + 1 }}: {{ getStepTypeName(workflowStep.stepType) }}</strong> → Target Step:
+              <strong>{{ $t('dashboard.study.sourceStepTargetStep', { index: index + 1, stepType: getStepTypeName(workflowStep.stepType) }) }}</strong>
             </label>
             <FormSelect
                 v-model="workflowMapping[workflowStep.id]"
@@ -123,25 +123,25 @@
       </div>
       <div v-else>
         <p>
-          Are you sure you want to create the assignment with the following details?
+          {{$t('dashboard.study.createAssignmentConfirmPrompt')}}
         </p>
         <div>
-          <strong>Template:</strong> {{ template.name }}
+          <strong>{{$t('dashboard.study.template')}}</strong> {{ template.name }}
         </div>
         <div>
-          <strong>Workflow:</strong> {{ workflow.name }}
+          <strong>{{$t('dashboard.study.workflow')}}</strong> {{ workflow.name }}
         </div>
         <div>
-          <strong>Assignment Type:</strong> {{ assignmentType === 'document' ? 'Document' : 'Submission' }}
+          <strong>{{$t('dashboard.study.assignmentType')}}</strong> {{ assignmentType === 'document' ? $t('documents.document') : $t('common.submission') }}
         </div>
         <div v-if="assignmentType === 'document'">
-          <strong>Workflow Assignments:</strong>
+          <strong>{{$t('dashboard.study.workflowAssignments')}}</strong>
           <ul>
             <li
                 v-for="(stepAssignment, index) in workflowStepsAssignments"
                 :key="stepAssignment.id"
             >
-              - Workflow Step {{ index + 1 }}:
+              - {{$t('dashboard.study.workflowStepWithIndex', {index: index + 1})}}
               <span v-if="stepAssignment.documentId && documents.find(doc => doc.id === stepAssignment.documentId)">
                       {{ documents.find(doc => doc.id === stepAssignment.documentId).name }}
                       ({{
@@ -152,13 +152,13 @@
                 }})
                     </span>
               <span v-else>
-                      Create new document
+                      {{$t('documents.createNewDocument')}}
                     </span>
             </li>
           </ul>
         </div>
         <div>
-          <strong>Reviewers:</strong>
+          <strong>{{$t('dashboard.study.reviewers')}}</strong>
           <ul>
             <li
                 v-for="reviewer in selectedReviewer"
@@ -172,26 +172,26 @@
     <template #step-5>
       <div>
         <p>
-          Are you sure you want to create the assignment with the following details?
+          {{$t('dashboard.study.createAssignmentConfirmPrompt')}}
         </p>
         <div>
-          <strong>Template:</strong> {{ template.name }}
+          <strong>{{$t('dashboard.study.template')}}</strong> {{ template.name }}
         </div>
         <div>
-          <strong>Workflow:</strong> {{ workflow.name }}
+          <strong>{{$t('dashboard.study.workflow')}}</strong> {{ workflow.name }}
         </div>
         <div>
-          <strong>Assignment Type:</strong> Study Session
+          <strong>{{$t('dashboard.study.assignmentType')}}</strong> {{$t('dashboard.study.studySessions')}}
         </div>
         <div>
-          <strong>Target Workflow:</strong> {{ getWorkflowType(targetWorkflowId) }}
+          <strong>{{$t('dashboard.study.targetWorkflow')}}</strong> {{ getWorkflowType(targetWorkflowId) }}
         </div>
         <div>
-          <strong>Selected Study Session:</strong> 
-          {{ selectedAssignment.length > 0 ? `Session ${selectedAssignment[0].id}` : 'None' }}
+          <strong>{{$t('dashboard.study.selectedStudySession')}}</strong>
+          {{ selectedAssignment.length > 0 ? $t('dashboard.study.sessionWithId', { id: selectedAssignment[0].id }) : $t('common.none') }}
         </div>
         <div>
-          <strong>Reviewers:</strong>
+          <strong>{{$t('dashboard.study.reviewers')}}</strong>
           <ul>
             <li
                 v-for="reviewer in selectedReviewer"
@@ -210,6 +210,7 @@ import BasicTable from "@/basic/Table.vue";
 import BasicForm from "@/basic/Form.vue";
 import StepperModal from "@/basic/modal/StepperModal.vue";
 import FormSelect from "@/basic/form/Select.vue";
+import { resolveApiMessage, translateMaybeKey } from "@/assets/utils";
 
 /**
  * Modal for bulk creating assignments
@@ -253,16 +254,18 @@ export default {
       studySessionSelections: [[]],
       targetWorkflowId: null,
       workflowMapping: {},
-      studyStepsTableColumns: [
-        { name: "Step Type", key: "stepTypeName", sortable: true },
-        { name: "First Name", key: "firstName", sortable: true },
-        { name: "Last Name", key: "lastName", sortable: true },
-        { name: "Study Name", key: "studyName", sortable: true },
-        { name: "Workflow Type", key: "workflowType", sortable: true },
-      ],
     };
   },
   computed: {
+    studyStepsTableColumns() {
+      return [
+        { name: this.$t('dashboard.study.stepType'), key: "stepTypeName", sortable: true },
+        { name: this.$t('common.firstName'), key: "firstName", sortable: true },
+        { name: this.$t('common.lastName'), key: "lastName", sortable: true },
+        { name: this.$t('dashboard.study.studyName'), key: "studyName", sortable: true },
+        { name: this.$t('dashboard.study.workflowType'), key: "workflowType", sortable: true },
+      ];
+    },
     assignmentType() {
       return this.assignmentTypeSelection.type || 'document';
     },
@@ -323,7 +326,7 @@ export default {
       return [
         {
           key: "template",
-          label: "Template",
+          label: this.$t('studies.template'),
           type: "select",
           options: this.templates.map(template => ({
             name: template.name,
@@ -336,9 +339,9 @@ export default {
     assignmentTypeFields() {
       return {
         options: [
-          {value: 'document', name: 'Documents'},
-          {value: 'submission', name: 'Submissions'},
-          {value: "study_session", name: "Study Sessions"}
+          {value: 'document', name: this.$t('documents.title')},
+          {value: 'submission', name: this.$t('nlp.inputFiles.submissions')},
+          {value: 'study_session', name: this.$t('dashboard.study.studySessions')}
         ]
       };
     },
@@ -350,7 +353,7 @@ export default {
     emailTemplateOptions() {
       return {
         options: [
-          {value: null, name: 'None (no email will be sent)'},
+          {value: null, name: this.$t('dashboard.study.noEmailWillBeSent')},
           ...this.emailTemplates.map(t => ({
             value: t.id,
             name: t.name
@@ -365,7 +368,15 @@ export default {
       return this.$store.getters["table/study/get"](this.templateSelection.template);
     },
     workflow() {
-      return this.$store.getters["table/workflow/get"](this.template.workflowId);
+      const workflow = this.$store.getters["table/workflow/get"](this.template.workflowId);
+      if (!workflow) {
+        return null;
+      }
+      return {
+        ...workflow,
+        name: translateMaybeKey(workflow.name),
+        description: translateMaybeKey(workflow.description),
+      };
     },
     workflowSteps() {
       if (!this.template) return [];
@@ -432,42 +443,42 @@ export default {
     documentsTable() {
       return this.documents.filter((d) => d.type === 0).map((d) => {
         let newD = {...d};
-        newD.type = d.type === 0 ? "PDF" : "HTML";
+        newD.type = d.type === 0 ? this.$t('documents.types.pdf') : this.$t('documents.types.html');
         const user = this.$store.getters["table/user/get"](d.userId)
-        newD.firstName = (user) ? user.firstName : "Unknown";
-        newD.lastName = (user) ? user.lastName : "Unknown";
+        newD.firstName = (user) ? user.firstName : this.$t('common.unknown');
+        newD.lastName = (user) ? user.lastName : this.$t('common.unknown');
         return newD;
       })
     },
     documentsTableColumns() {
       return [
-        {name: "ID", key: "id"},
-        {name: "Document", key: "name"},
-        {name: "First Name", key: "firstName"},
-        {name: "Last Name", key: "lastName"},
+        {name: this.$t('common.id'), key: "id"},
+        {name: this.$t('documents.document'), key: "name"},
+        {name: this.$t('common.firstName'), key: "firstName"},
+        {name: this.$t('common.lastName'), key: "lastName"},
       ]
     },
     submissionsTable() {
       return this.submissions.map((s) => {
         let newS = {...s};
         const user = this.$store.getters["table/user/get"](s.userId);
-        newS.name = s.name || `Submission ${s.id}`;
-        newS.userName = user ? user.userName : "N/A";
-        newS.firstName = user ? user.firstName : "Unknown";
-        newS.lastName = user ? user.lastName : "Unknown";
+        newS.name = s.name || this.$t('dashboard.study.submissionWithId', { id: s.id });
+        newS.userName = user ? user.userName : this.$t('common.na');
+        newS.firstName = user ? user.firstName : this.$t('common.unknown');
+        newS.lastName = user ? user.lastName : this.$t('common.unknown');
         newS.group = (s.group !== null && s.group !== undefined && s.group !== '') ? s.group : '';
         return newS;
       });
     },
     submissionColumns() {
       return [
-        {name: "ID", key: "id"},
-        {name: "Submission Name", key: "name"},
-        {name: "User Name", key: "userName"},
-        {name: "First Name", key: "firstName"},
-        {name: "Last Name", key: "lastName"},
-        {name: "Group ID", key: "group", filter: this.groupFilterOptions},
-        {name: "Created At", key: "createdAt"},
+        {name: this.$t('common.id'), key: "id"},
+        {name: this.$t('nlp.preprocessing.processStepper.queue.columns.submissionName'), key: "name"},
+        {name: this.$t('common.userName'), key: "userName"},
+        {name: this.$t('common.firstName'), key: "firstName"},
+        {name: this.$t('common.lastName'), key: "lastName"},
+        {name: this.$t('common.groupId'), key: "group", filter: this.groupFilterOptions},
+        {name: this.$t('common.createdAt'), key: "createdAt"},
       ]
     },
      studySessionsTable() {
@@ -487,10 +498,10 @@ export default {
             id: session.id,
             studyId: session.studyId,
             userId: session.userId,
-            firstName: user ? user.firstName : 'Unknown',
-            lastName: user ? user.lastName : 'Unknown',
+            firstName: user ? user.firstName : this.$t('common.unknown'),
+            lastName: user ? user.lastName : this.$t('common.unknown'),
             workflowType: this.getWorkflowType(study.workflowId),
-            submissionGroup: submission && submission.group ? submission.group : 'N/A',
+            submissionGroup: submission && submission.group ? submission.group : this.$t('common.na'),
             status: session.end === null ? "Running" : "Finished",
             createdAt: new Date(session.createdAt).toLocaleString(),
           };
@@ -498,21 +509,21 @@ export default {
     },
     studySessionsTableColumns() {
       return [
-        { name: "ID", key: "id" },
-        { name: "First Name", key: "firstName", sortable: true },
-        { name: "Last Name", key: "lastName", sortable: true },
-        { name: "Workflow Type", key: "workflowType", sortable: true },
-        { name: "Created At", key: "createdAt", sortable: true },
-        { name: "Submission Group", key: "submissionGroup", sortable: true, filter: this.groupFilterOptions},
+        { name: this.$t('common.id'), key: "id" },
+        { name: this.$t('common.firstName'), key: "firstName", sortable: true },
+        { name: this.$t('common.lastName'), key: "lastName", sortable: true },
+        { name: this.$t('dashboard.study.workflowType'), key: "workflowType", sortable: true },
+        { name: this.$t('common.createdAt'), key: "createdAt", sortable: true },
+        { name: this.$t('dashboard.study.submissionGroup'), key: "submissionGroup", sortable: true, filter: this.groupFilterOptions },
         {
-          name: "Status",
+          name: this.$t('common.status'),
           key: "status",
           type: "badge",
           sortable: true,
           typeOptions: {
             keyMapping: {
-              Running: "Running",
-              Finished: "Finished",
+              Running: this.$t('dashboard.study.running'),
+              Finished: this.$t('dashboard.study.finished'),
             },
             classMapping: {
               Running: "bg-primary",
@@ -548,13 +559,13 @@ export default {
             stepTypeName: this.getStepTypeName(step.stepType),
             documentId: step.documentId,
             studyStepPrevious: step.studyStepPrevious,
-            studyName: study ? study.name : 'Unknown',
+            studyName: study ? study.name : this.$t('common.unknown'),
             workflowType: `${this.getWorkflowType(study ? study.workflowId : null)}`,
             userId: session.userId,
-            firstName: user ? user.firstName : 'Unknown',
-            lastName: user ? user.lastName : 'Unknown',
-            sessionStart: session.start ? new Date(session.start).toLocaleString() : 'N/A',
-            sessionEnd: session.end ? new Date(session.end).toLocaleString() : 'N/A',
+            firstName: user ? user.firstName : this.$t('common.unknown'),
+            lastName: user ? user.lastName : this.$t('common.unknown'),
+            sessionStart: session.start ? new Date(session.start).toLocaleString() : this.$t('common.na'),
+            sessionEnd: session.end ? new Date(session.end).toLocaleString() : this.$t('common.na'),
             status: session.end === null ? "Running" : "Finished",
           });
         });
@@ -585,16 +596,13 @@ export default {
     },
     reviewerTableColumns() {
       return [
-        {name: "ID", key: "id"},
-        {name: "extId", key: "extId"},
-        {name: "First Name", key: "firstName"},
-        {name: "Last Name", key: "lastName"},
-        {name: "Number of Assignments", key: "studySessions"},
-        {name: "Documents", key: "documents"},
-        {
-          name: "Roles",
-          key: "rolesNames",
-        }
+        {name: this.$t('common.id'), key: "id"},
+        {name: this.$t('common.extId'), key: "extId"},
+        {name: this.$t('common.firstName'), key: "firstName"},
+        {name: this.$t('common.lastName'), key: "lastName"},
+        {name: this.$t('dashboard.projects.numberOfAssignments'), key: "studySessions"},
+        {name: this.$t('documents.title'), key: "documents"},
+        {name: this.$t('dashboard.projects.roles'), key: "rolesNames"}
       ]
     },
     groupFilterOptions() {
@@ -619,7 +627,7 @@ export default {
           .map((g) => ({key: g, name: g}));
 
       if (hasEmptyGroups) {
-        options.unshift({key: '', name: 'No GroupID'});
+        options.unshift({key: '', name: this.$t('common.noGroupId')});
       }
 
       return options;
@@ -627,18 +635,18 @@ export default {
     steps() {
       if (this.assignmentType === 'study_session') {
         return [
-          {title: "Template Selection"},
-          {title: "Workflow Mapping"},
-          {title: "Study Session Selection"},
-          {title: "Reviewer Selection"},
-          {title: "Confirmation"}
+          {title: this.$t('dashboard.study.templateSelection')},
+          {title: this.$t('dashboard.study.workflowMapping')},
+          {title: this.$t('dashboard.study.studySessionSelection')},
+          {title: this.$t('dashboard.study.reviewerSelection')},
+          {title: this.$t('common.confirmation')}
         ];
       }
       return [
-        {title: "Template Selection"},
-        {title: "Assignment Selection"},
-        {title: "Reviewer Selection"},
-        {title: "Confirmation"}
+        {title: this.$t('dashboard.study.templateSelection')},
+        {title: this.$t('dashboard.study.assignmentSelection')},
+        {title: this.$t('dashboard.study.reviewerSelection')},
+        {title: this.$t('common.confirmation')}
       ];
     },
     workflowOptions() {
@@ -705,9 +713,9 @@ export default {
 
     getStepTypeName(stepType) {
       switch (stepType) {
-        case 1: return 'Annotator';
-        case 2: return 'Editor';
-        default: return 'Unknown';
+        case 1: return this.$t('dashboard.study.annotator');
+        case 2: return this.$t('dashboard.study.editor');
+        default: return this.$t('common.unknown');
       }
     },
     getTargetStepOptions(stepType, currentStepId) {
@@ -732,7 +740,10 @@ export default {
       const options = orderedSteps
         .filter(step => step.stepType === stepType)
         .map((step) => ({
-          name: `Step ${stepPositionMap.get(step.id)}: ${this.getStepTypeName(step.stepType)}`,
+          name: this.$t('dashboard.study.stepOption', {
+            index: stepPositionMap.get(step.id),
+            type: this.getStepTypeName(step.stepType)
+          }),
           value: step.id,
         }));
       
@@ -747,7 +758,7 @@ export default {
           );
           if (previousSourceStep && previousSourceStep.stepType === 1) {
             options.unshift({
-              name: '<Document> Revised Document',
+              name: this.$t('dashboard.study.revisedDocument'),
               value: 'previousSubmission',
             });
           }
@@ -760,7 +771,7 @@ export default {
     },
     getWorkflowType(workflowId) {
         const workflow = this.$store.getters["table/workflow/get"](workflowId);
-        return workflow ? workflow.name : "Unknown";
+        return workflow ? translateMaybeKey(workflow.name) : this.$t('common.unknown');
     },
     getUserName(userId) {
       const user = this.$store.getters["table/user/get"](userId);
@@ -771,8 +782,8 @@ export default {
         };
       }
       return {
-        firstName: "Unknown",
-        lastName: "Unknown",
+        firstName: this.$t('common.unknown'),
+        lastName: this.$t('common.unknown'),
       };
     },
     userStudySessions(userId) {
@@ -846,14 +857,14 @@ export default {
         if (res.success) {
           this.$refs.assignmentStepper.close();
           this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-            title: "Assignment created",
-            message: "The assignment has been created successfully",
+            title: this.$t('dashboard.study.assignmentCreated'),
+            message: this.$t('dashboard.study.assignmentCreatedMessage'),
             variant: "success",
           });
         } else {
           this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-            title: "Failed to create assignment",
-            message: res.message,
+            title: this.$t('dashboard.study.failedToCreateAssignment'),
+            message: resolveApiMessage(res),
             variant: "danger",
           });
         }
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/study/StudyCloseModal.vue b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/study/StudyCloseModal.vue
index ace49e39f..b9d6d02f2 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/study/StudyCloseModal.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/study/StudyCloseModal.vue
@@ -4,12 +4,12 @@
     name="study-close-modal"
   >
     <template #title>
-      <span>Close Study</span>
+      <span>{{ $t("studies.closeModal.title") }}</span>
     </template>
     <template #body>
       <div>
         <p>
-          Are you sure you want to close the study
+          {{ $t("studies.closeModal.confirmPrefix") }}
           <strong v-if="studyName">"{{ studyName }}"</strong>
           <span v-else>?</span>
         </p>
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
             class="form-check-label"
             for="notifySessionsCheckbox"
           >
-            Send email notification to participants with open sessions
+            {{ $t("studies.closeModal.notifySessions") }}
           </label>
         </div>
       </div>
@@ -34,12 +34,12 @@
       <div class="btn-group">
         <BasicButton
           class="btn btn-secondary"
-          text="Cancel"
+          :text="$t('common.cancel')"
           @click="onCancel"
         />
         <BasicButton
           class="btn btn-primary"
-          text="Close study"
+          :text="$t('studies.closeModal.closeStudy')"
           @click="onConfirm"
         />
       </div>
@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@
 
 <script>
 import BasicModal from "@/basic/Modal.vue";
+import { resolveApiMessage } from "@/assets/utils";
 import BasicButton from "@/basic/Button.vue";
 
 export default {
@@ -85,15 +86,15 @@ export default {
         (result) => {
           if (result.success) {
             this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-              title: "Study closed",
-              message: "The study has been closed",
+              title: this.$t("studies.closeModal.success.title"),
+              message: this.$t("studies.closeModal.success.message"),
               variant: "success",
             });
             this.$refs.closeModal.close();
           } else {
             this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-              title: "Study closing failed",
-              message: result.message,
+              title: this.$t("studies.closeModal.errors.title"),
+              message: resolveApiMessage(result),
               variant: "danger",
             });
           }
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/study/StudySessionModal.vue b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/study/StudySessionModal.vue
index 086b5e6a0..8053354ba 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/study/StudySessionModal.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/study/StudySessionModal.vue
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
     remove-close
   >
     <template #title>
-      <span> Study Sessions of {{ studyName }} </span>
+      <span> {{$t('dashboard.study.studySessionsOf')}} {{ studyName }} </span>
     </template>
     <template #body>
       <StudySessionTable
@@ -27,14 +27,14 @@
       <span class="btn-group">
         <BasicButton
           class="btn btn-secondary"
-          title="Close"
+          :title="$t('common.close')"
           @click="close"
         />
       </span>
       <BasicButton
         v-if="isAdmin"
         class="btn btn-primary"
-        title="Add"
+        :title="$t('common.add')"
         @click="addSingleAssignment"
       />
     </template>
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ export default {
       return this.studyId ? this.$store.getters["table/study/get"](this.studyId) : null;
     },
     studyName() {
-      return this.study ? this.study.name : "unknown";
+      return this.study ? this.study.name : this.$t('common.unknown');
     },
     canAddSingleAssignments() {
       return this.$store.getters["auth/checkRight"]("frontend.dashboard.studies.addSingleAssignments");
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/study/StudySessionTable.vue b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/study/StudySessionTable.vue
index 8c69aa78d..fe4757a50 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/study/StudySessionTable.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/study/StudySessionTable.vue
@@ -68,19 +68,19 @@ export default {
     tableColumns() {
       const columns = [
         {
-          name: "ID",
+          name: this.$t('common.id'),
           key: "id",
         },
         {
-          name: "Started",
+          name: this.$t('studies.columns.started'),
           key: "startParsed",
         },
         {
-          name: "Finished",
+          name: this.$t('studies.columns.finished'),
           key: "finished",
           type: "badge",
           typeOptions: {
-            keyMapping: { true: "Yes", false: "No" },
+            keyMapping: { true: this.$t('common.yes'), false: this.$t('common.no') },
             classMapping: { true: "bg-success", false: "bg-danger" },
           },
         }
@@ -88,18 +88,18 @@ export default {
 
       if (this.hasCopiedSessions) {
         columns.push({
-          name: "Parent Session ID",
+          name: this.$t('studies.columns.parentSessionId'),
           key: "parentStudySessionId",
         });
       }
 
       if (this.currentUserOnly) {
         columns.push({
-          name: "Resumable",
+          name: this.$t('studies.columns.resumable'),
           key: "resumable",
           type: "badge",
           typeOptions: {
-            keyMapping: { true: "Yes", false: "No" },
+            keyMapping: { true: this.$t('common.yes'), false: this.$t('common.no') },
             classMapping: { true: "bg-success", false: "bg-danger" },
           },
         });
@@ -107,12 +107,12 @@ export default {
 
       if (!this.currentUserOnly) {
         columns.unshift({
-          name: "User",
+          name: this.$t('common.user'),
           key: "creator_name",
         });
 
         if (this.canReadPrivateInformation) {
-          columns.splice(1, 0, { name: "FirstName", key: "firstName" }, { name: "LastName", key: "lastName" });
+          columns.splice(1, 0, { name: this.$t('common.firstName'), key: "firstName" }, { name: this.$t('common.lastName'), key: "lastName" });
         }
       }
 
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ export default {
             },
           },
           filter: this.currentUserOnly ? [{ key: "showResumeButton", value: true }] : [],
-          title: this.currentUserOnly ? "Resume session" : "Open session",
+          title: this.currentUserOnly ? this.$t('studies.resumeSession') : this.$t('dashboard.study.openSession'),
           action: "openSession",
           stats:{
             studySessionId: "id",
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ export default {
             },
           },
           filter: [{ key: "showStartButton", value: true }],
-          title: "Start session",
+          title: this.$t('studies.startSession'),
           action: "startStudySession",
           stats:{
             studySessionId: "id",
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ export default {
             },
           },
           filter: [{ key: "showInspectButton", value: true }],
-          title: "Inspect session",
+          title: this.$t('dashboard.study.inspectSession'),
           action: "reviewSession",
           stats:{
             studySessionId: "id",
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ export default {
               "btn-sm": true,
             },
           },
-          title: "Copy session link",
+          title: this.$t('dashboard.study.copySessionLink'),
           action: "copyStudySessionLink",
           stats:{
             studySessionId: "id",
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ export default {
               "btn-sm": true,
             },
           },
-          title: "Copy session",
+          title: this.$t('dashboard.study.copySession'),
           action: "copySession",
           stats:{
             studySessionId: "id",
@@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ export default {
             value: true,
           },
         ],
-        title: "Delete session",
+        title: this.$t('dashboard.study.deleteSession'),
         action: "deleteStudySession",
         stats:{
             studySessionId: "id",
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ export default {
       return processedSession;
     },
     formatDate(date) {
-      return date ? new Date(date).toLocaleString() : "not yet";
+      return date ? new Date(date).toLocaleString() : this.$t('dashboard.study.notYet');
     },
     addUserInfo(session) {
       const user = this.$store.getters["table/user/get"](session.userId);
@@ -348,8 +348,8 @@ export default {
     },
     confirmDelete(params) {
       this.$refs.deleteConf.open(
-        "Delete Session",
-        "You are about to delete a session; if you just want to finish the session, please access the session and abort the delete.",
+        this.$t('dashboard.study.deleteSession'),
+        this.$t('dashboard.study.deleteSessionNote'),
         null,
         (confirmed) => {
           if (confirmed) {
@@ -370,10 +370,10 @@ export default {
         },
         (result) => {
           if (result.success) {
-            this.showSuccessToast("Study Session deleted", "Study session has been deleted");
+            this.showSuccessToast(this.$t('dashboard.study.studySessionDeleted'), this.$t('dashboard.study.studySessionHasBeenDeleted'));
             this.$emit("session-deleted", sessionId);
           } else {
-            this.showErrorToast("Study Session not deleted", result.message);
+            this.showErrorToast(this.$t('dashboard.study.studySessionNotDeleted'), result.message);
           }
         }
       );
@@ -382,9 +382,9 @@ export default {
       const link = `${window.location.origin}/review/${hash}`;
       try {
         await navigator.clipboard.writeText(link);
-        this.showSuccessToast("Link copied", "Study session link copied to clipboard!");
+        this.showSuccessToast(this.$t('studies.messages.linkCopied'), this.$t('dashboard.study.studySessionCopiedMessage'));
       } catch (_error) {
-        this.showErrorToast("Link not copied", "Could not copy study session link to clipboard!");
+        this.showErrorToast(this.$t('errors.clipboard.linkNotCopied'), this.$t('errors.clipboard.couldNotCopyStudySession'));
       }
     },
     async copySession(params) {
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/submission/AssignModal.vue b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/submission/AssignModal.vue
index 2aa126ec1..4d5c2b756 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/submission/AssignModal.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/submission/AssignModal.vue
@@ -6,14 +6,14 @@
       @submit="assignGroup"
   >
     <template #title>
-      <h5 class="modal-title">Assign Group</h5>
+      <h5 class="modal-title">{{ $t('dashboard.submission.assignGroup.title') }}</h5>
     </template>
 
     <template #step-1>
       <div class="step-1-header w-100">
         <div class="percentage-control w-100">
           <label class="form-label mb-1">
-            Apply percentage of current selection (randomly chosen):
+            {{ $t('dashboard.submission.assignGroup.applyPercentage') }}
           </label>
 
           <div class="d-flex align-items-center gap-2 w-100">
@@ -25,12 +25,16 @@
                 class="flex-grow-1"
             />
             <span class="small text-muted text-nowrap">
-              {{ selectionPercentage }}% → {{ selectionTargetCount }} of {{ selectedSubmissions.length }}
+              {{ $t('dashboard.submission.assignGroup.targetCount', {
+                percentage: selectionPercentage,
+                target: selectionTargetCount,
+                total: selectedSubmissions.length
+              }) }}
             </span>
 
             <BasicButton
                 class="btn btn-sm btn-outline-primary text-nowrap"
-                text="Apply"
+                :text="$t('dashboard.submission.assignGroup.applyButton')"
                 :disabled="selectedSubmissions.length === 0"
                 @click="applySelectionPercentage"
             />
@@ -57,14 +61,14 @@
     </template>
     <template #step-3>
       <div class="summary-container">
-        <h6>Assignment Summary</h6>
-        <div class="summary-item"><strong>Number of Submissions:</strong> {{ selectedSubmissions.length }}</div>
-        <div class="summary-item"><strong>Group Number:</strong> {{ data.group }}</div>
-        <div class="summary-item"><strong>Additional Settings:</strong> {{ data.settings ?? "N/A" }}</div>
-        <div class="summary-item"><strong>Copy Submissions:</strong> {{ data.copySubmissions ? "Yes" : "No" }}</div>
+        <h6>{{ $t('dashboard.submission.assignGroup.summaryTitle') }}</h6>
+        <div class="summary-item"><strong>{{ $t('dashboard.submission.assignGroup.numberOfSubmissions') }}</strong> {{ selectedSubmissions.length }}</div>
+        <div class="summary-item"><strong>{{ $t('dashboard.submission.assignGroup.groupNumberLabel') }}</strong> {{ data.group }}</div>
+        <div class="summary-item"><strong>{{ $t('dashboard.submission.assignGroup.additionalSettingsLabel') }}</strong> {{ data.settings ?? $t('common.na') }}</div>
+        <div class="summary-item"><strong>{{ $t('dashboard.submission.assignGroup.copySubmissionsLabel') }}</strong> {{ data.copySubmissions ? $t('common.yes') : $t('common.no') }}</div>
         <div class="alert alert-info mt-3">
           <i class="bi bi-info-circle"></i>
-          Please review the information above before submitting.
+          {{ $t('dashboard.submission.assignGroup.reviewNote') }}
         </div>
       </div>
     </template>
@@ -76,6 +80,7 @@ import StepperModal from "@/basic/modal/StepperModal.vue";
 import BasicButton from "@/basic/Button.vue";
 import BasicTable from "@/basic/Table.vue";
 import BasicForm from "@/basic/Form.vue";
+import { formatLocalizedDate, resolveApiMessage } from "@/assets/utils";
 
 /**
  * Submission group modal component
@@ -98,13 +103,13 @@ export default {
         copySubmissions: false,
       },
       selectionPercentage: 100,
-      steps: [{title: "Select Submissions"}, {title: "Group Settings"}, {title: "Review & Confirm"}],
+      steps: [{title: this.$t('dashboard.submission.assignGroup.stepOne')}, {title: this.$t('dashboard.submission.assignGroup.stepTwo')}, {title: this.$t('dashboard.submission.assignGroup.stepThree')}],
       formFields: [
         {
           key: "group",
-          label: "Group Number",
+          label: this.$t('dashboard.submission.assignGroup.groupNumber'),
           type: "number",
-          placeholder: "Enter group number",
+          placeholder: this.$t('dashboard.submission.assignGroup.groupNumberPlaceholder'),
           min: 0,
           class: "form-control",
           required: true,
@@ -112,20 +117,20 @@ export default {
         },
         {
           key: "settings",
-          label: "Additional Settings",
+          label: this.$t('dashboard.submission.assignGroup.additionalSettings'),
           type: "textarea",
-          placeholder: "Enter any additional settings",
+          placeholder: this.$t('dashboard.submission.assignGroup.additionalSettingsPlaceholder'),
           class: "form-control",
           default: "",
         },
         {
           key: "copySubmissions",
-          label: "Copy Submissions",
+          label: this.$t('dashboard.submission.assignGroup.copySubmissions'),
           type: "checkbox",
           required: true,
           options: [
             {
-              label: "Create copies of the selected submissions with the specified group number.",
+              label: this.$t('dashboard.submission.assignGroup.createCopyiesOfSubmissionsLabel'),
               value: true,
             },
           ],
@@ -166,22 +171,22 @@ export default {
           firstName: user.firstName,
           lastName: user.lastName,
           group: s.group ?? "-",
-          data_existing: dataExists ? "Yes" : "No",
-          createdAt: new Date(s.createdAt).toLocaleDateString(),
+          data_existing: dataExists ? this.$t('common.yes') : this.$t('common.no'),
+          createdAt: formatLocalizedDate(s.createdAt),
           additionalSettings: s.additionalSettings
               ? {icon: "gear-fill", color: "blue", title: s.additionalSettings}
-              : {icon: "gear", color: "gray", title: "No additional settings"},
+              : {icon: "gear", color: "gray", title: this.$t('submission.assign.noAdditionalSettings')},
         };
       });
     },
     submissionColumns() {
       return [
-        {name: "First Name", key: "firstName", sortable: true},
-        {name: "Last Name", key: "lastName", sortable: true},
-        {name: "Group", key: "group", sortable: true, filter: this.groupFilterOptions},
-        {name: "Data Existing", key: "data_existing", sortable: true, filter: this.dataExistingFilterOptions},
-        {name: "Created At", key: "createdAt", sortable: true},
-        {name: "Additional Settings", key: "additionalSettings", type: "icon", sortable: false},
+        {name: this.$t('common.firstName'), key: "firstName", sortable: true},
+        {name: this.$t('common.lastName'), key: "lastName", sortable: true},
+        {name: this.$t('common.groupId'), key: "group", sortable: true, filter: this.groupFilterOptions},
+        {name: this.$t('common.dataExisting'), key: "data_existing", sortable: true, filter: this.dataExistingFilterOptions},
+        {name: this.$t('common.createdAt'), key: "createdAt", sortable: true},
+        {name: this.$t('dashboard.submission.assignGroup.columns.additionalSettings'), key: "additionalSettings", type: "icon", sortable: false},
       ];
     },
     groupFilterOptions() {
@@ -206,7 +211,7 @@ export default {
           .map((g) => ({key: g, name: g}));
 
       if (hasEmptyGroups) {
-        options.unshift({key: '', name: 'No GroupID'});
+        options.unshift({key: '', name: this.$t('dashboard.submission.assignGroup.filters.noGroupId')});
       }
 
       return options;
@@ -271,15 +276,18 @@ export default {
       this.$socket.emit("submissionAssignGroup", requestParams, (res) => {
         if (res.success) {
           this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-            title: "Group Assigned",
-            message: `Successfully assigned ${submissionIds.length} submission(s) to group ${this.data.group}`,
+            title: this.$t('dashboard.submission.assignGroup.successTitle'),
+            message: this.$t('dashboard.submission.assignGroup.successMessage', {
+              count: submissionIds.length,
+              group: this.data.group
+            }),
             variant: "success",
           });
           this.$refs.assignStepper.close();
         } else {
           this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-            title: "Failed to assign group",
-            message: res.message,
+            title: this.$t('dashboard.submission.assignGroup.failureTitle'),
+            message: resolveApiMessage(res),
             variant: "danger",
           });
           this.$refs.assignStepper.setWaiting(false);
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/submission/ImportModal.vue b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/submission/ImportModal.vue
index d48260a9a..c6a53f196 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/submission/ImportModal.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/submission/ImportModal.vue
@@ -3,12 +3,12 @@
     ref="importStepper"
     :steps="steps"
     :validation="stepValid"
-    submit-text="Close"
+    :submit-text="$t('common.close')"
     @submit="$refs.importStepper.close()"
     @step-change="handleStepChange"
   >
     <template #title>
-      <span>Import Moodle Submissions</span>
+      <span>{{ $t('dashboard.importModal.title') }}</span>
     </template>
     <!-- Moodle Options Step -->
     <template #step-1>
@@ -31,44 +31,53 @@
     <!-- Confirm Step -->
     <template #step-3>
       <div class="confirm-container">
-        <h4 class="mb-3">Confirm Import Settings</h4>
+        <h4 class="mb-3">{{ $t('dashboard.importModal.confirmImport') }}</h4>
         <div class="card mb-3">
           <div class="card-body bg-light">
-            <h5 class="card-title">Import Summary</h5>
+            <h5 class="card-title">{{ $t('dashboard.importModal.importSummary') }}</h5>
             <ul class="list-unstyled mb-0">
-              <li>• Submissions to import: {{ selectedSubmissions.length }}</li>
+              <li>• {{ $t('dashboard.importModal.submissionsToImport') }} {{ selectedSubmissions.length }}</li>
             </ul>
           </div>
         </div>
-        <p>
-          Are you sure you want to import
-          <strong>{{ selectedSubmissions.length }}</strong> {{ message }}?
-        </p>
+        <i18n-t keypath="dashboard.importModal.areYouSure" tag="p">
+          <template #count>
+            <strong>{{ selectedSubmissions.length }}</strong>
+          </template>
+          <template #message>{{ message }}</template>
+        </i18n-t>
       </div>
     </template>
     <!-- Result Step -->
     <template #step-4>
       <div class="result-container">
         <div v-if="importResults && importResults.successCount != null">
-          Successfully imported <strong>{{ importResults.successCount }}</strong> submissions
+          <i18n-t keypath="dashboard.importModal.successfullyImported" tag="span">
+            <template #count>
+              <strong>{{ importResults.successCount }}</strong>
+            </template>
+          </i18n-t>
           <div
             v-if="importResults.errors && importResults.errors.length > 0"
             class="error-container"
           >
-            Failed to import the following submissions:
+            {{ $t('dashboard.importModal.failedToImport') }}
             <ul
               v-for="(error, index) in importResults.errors"
               :key="index"
             >
               <li>
-                User with the User ID <strong>{{ error.userId }}</strong> cannot be imported: {{ error.message }}
+                {{ $t('dashboard.importModal.userCannotBeImported', {
+                  userId: error.userId,
+                  message: formatImportError(error),
+                }) }}
               </li>
             </ul>
           </div>
           <div v-if="importResults?.errors?.length > 0" class="link-container">
             <BasicButton
               class="btn btn-outline-primary"
-              title="Download Error CSV"
+              :title="$t('dashboard.importModal.downloadErrorCSV')"
               @click="downloadFileAsCSV"
             />
           </div>
@@ -83,7 +92,7 @@ import StepperModal from "@/basic/modal/StepperModal.vue";
 import BasicTable from "@/basic/Table.vue";
 import BasicButton from "@/basic/Button.vue";
 import MoodleOptions from "@/basic/form/MoodleOptions.vue";
-import { downloadObjectsAs } from "@/assets/utils.js";
+import { downloadObjectsAs, resolveApiMessage } from "@/assets/utils.js";
 
 /**
  * Modal for importing students' submission for a specific assignment from a Moodle course
@@ -95,7 +104,6 @@ export default {
   subscribeTable: [{ table: "user", filter: [{ type: "not", key: "extId", value: null }] }, {table: 'project'}, "assignment_share", "user_role_matching"],
   data() {
     return {
-      steps: [{ title: "Moodle" }, { title: "Preview" }, { title: "Confirm" }, { title: "Result" }],
       moodleOptions: {},
       tableOptions: {
         striped: true,
@@ -111,25 +119,6 @@ export default {
           aggregate: (rows) => rows[0],
         },
       },
-      tableColumns: [
-        {
-          name: "Duplicate",
-          key: "exists",
-          type: "badge",
-          typeOptions: {
-            keyMapping: { true: "Yes", default: "No" },
-          },
-          filter: [
-            { key: false, name: "New" },
-            { key: true, name: "Duplicate" },
-          ],
-        },
-        { name: "External ID", key: "submissionId" },
-        { name: "User ID", key: "userId" },
-        { name: "First Name", key: "firstName" },
-        { name: "Last Name", key: "lastName" },
-        { name: "File Count", key: "fileCount" },
-      ],
       assignmentId: null,
       downloadedSubmissions: [],
       selectedSubmissions: [],
@@ -138,6 +127,35 @@ export default {
     };
   },
   computed: {
+    steps() {
+      return [
+        { title: this.$t('dashboard.importModal.stepMoodle') },
+        { title: this.$t('dashboard.importModal.stepPreview') },
+        { title: this.$t('dashboard.importModal.stepConfirm') },
+        { title: this.$t('dashboard.importModal.stepResult') },
+      ];
+    },
+    tableColumns() {
+      return [
+        {
+          name: this.$t('dashboard.importModal.columns.duplicate'),
+          key: "exists",
+          type: "badge",
+          typeOptions: {
+            keyMapping: { true: this.$t('common.yes'), default: this.$t('common.no') },
+          },
+          filter: [
+            { key: false, name: this.$t('dashboard.importModal.filters.new') },
+            { key: true, name: this.$t('dashboard.importModal.filters.duplicate') },
+          ],
+        },
+        { name: this.$t('dashboard.importModal.columns.externalId'), key: "submissionId" },
+        { name: this.$t('dashboard.importModal.columns.userId'), key: "userId" },
+        { name: this.$t('common.firstName'), key: "firstName" },
+        { name: this.$t('common.lastName'), key: "lastName" },
+        { name: this.$t('dashboard.importModal.columns.fileCount'), key: "fileCount" },
+      ];
+    },
     stepValid() {
       return [Object.values(this.moodleOptions).every((v) => v !== ""), this.selectedSubmissions.length > 0, true, true];
     },
@@ -145,7 +163,9 @@ export default {
       return this.$store.getters["settings/getValueAsInt"]("projects.default");
     },
     message() {
-      return this.selectedSubmissions.length > 1 ? "submissions" : "submission";
+      return this.selectedSubmissions.length > 1
+        ? this.$t('dashboard.importModal.submissionPlural')
+        : this.$t('dashboard.importModal.submissionSingular');
     },
     assignedUserIds() {
       if (!this.assignmentId) return new Set();
@@ -211,6 +231,9 @@ export default {
     },
   },
   methods: {
+    formatImportError(error) {
+      return resolveApiMessage(error);
+    },
     open(assignmentId = null) {
       this.assignmentId = assignmentId;
       this.reset();
@@ -225,8 +248,13 @@ export default {
     },
     downloadFileAsCSV() {
       const filename = `submissions_${Date.now()}`;
-      const {errors} = this.importResults;
-      downloadObjectsAs(errors, filename, "csv");
+      const rows = this.importResults.errors.map((err) => ({
+        userId: err.userId,
+        firstName: err.firstName,
+        lastName: err.lastName,
+        message: resolveApiMessage(err),
+      }));
+      downloadObjectsAs(rows, filename, "csv");
     },
     handleStepChange(step) {
       switch (step) {
@@ -248,8 +276,8 @@ export default {
         } else {
           this.$refs.importStepper.reset();
           this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-            title: "Failed to get student submissions from Moodle",
-            message: res.message,
+            title: this.$t('dashboard.importModal.failedGetSubmissions'),
+            message: resolveApiMessage(res),
             variant: "danger",
           });
         }
@@ -283,8 +311,8 @@ export default {
             };
           } else {
             this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-              title: "Failed to import submission from Moodle",
-              message: res.message,
+              title: this.$t('dashboard.importModal.failedImportSubmissions'),
+              message: resolveApiMessage(res),
               variant: "danger",
             });
           }
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/submission/PublishAssessmentModal.vue b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/submission/PublishAssessmentModal.vue
index 6ab4bfd2f..c5a08e7a5 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/submission/PublishAssessmentModal.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/submission/PublishAssessmentModal.vue
@@ -7,15 +7,15 @@
     @submit="handleSubmit"
   >
     <template #title>
-      <h5 class="modal-title">Publish Assessment</h5>
+      <h5 class="modal-title">{{ $t("submission.publishAssessment.title") }}</h5>
     </template>
 
     <!-- STEP 1: Configuration Selection -->
     <template #step-1>
       <div class="mb-3">
-        <label class="form-label"><b>Select Assessment Configuration:</b></label>
+        <label class="form-label"><b>{{ $t("submission.publishAssessment.selectConfiguration") }}</b></label>
         <p class="small text-muted mb-3">
-          Choose which assessment configuration you want to export data for.
+          {{ $t("submission.publishAssessment.selectConfigurationDescription") }}
         </p>
         <BasicTable
           v-model="selectedConfigurations"
@@ -30,10 +30,9 @@
     <!-- STEP 2: Workflow Selection -->
     <template #step-2>
       <div class="mb-3">
-        <label class="form-label"><b>Select Workflows:</b></label>
+        <label class="form-label"><b>{{ $t("submission.publishAssessment.selectWorkflows") }}</b></label>
         <p class="small text-muted mb-3">
-          Select one or more workflow steps that use the selected configuration.
-          You can see how many sessions (open/closed) are available for each step.
+          {{ $t("submission.publishAssessment.selectWorkflowsDescription") }}
         </p>
         <BasicTable
           v-model="selectedWorkflows"
@@ -48,13 +47,14 @@
     <!-- STEP 3: Session Selection -->
     <template #step-3>
       <div class="mb-3">
-        <label class="form-label"><b>Select Sessions:</b></label>
+        <label class="form-label"><b>{{ $t("submission.publishAssessment.selectSessions") }}</b></label>
         <p class="small text-muted mb-3">
-          Select which study sessions to include in the assessment export.
-          Please note only <strong>closed study sessions</strong> are displayed here.
+          {{ $t("submission.publishAssessment.selectSessionsDescriptionPrefix") }}
+          <strong>{{ $t("submission.publishAssessment.closedStudySessions") }}</strong>
+          {{ $t("submission.publishAssessment.selectSessionsDescriptionSuffix") }}
         </p>
         <div v-if="sessionsTable.length === 0" class="alert alert-warning">
-          No sessions found matching the selected workflows and configuration.
+          {{ $t("submission.publishAssessment.noSessionsFound") }}
         </div>
         <BasicTable
           v-else
@@ -73,18 +73,18 @@
         <label
           for="linkCollection"
           class="form-label"
-        ><b>Hash Collection:</b></label>
+        ><b>{{ $t("submission.publishAssessment.hashCollection") }}</b></label>
         <select
           id="linkCollection"
           v-model="linkCollection"
           class="form-select"
         >
-          <option value="studies">based on Studies (session hashes for each study)</option>
-          <option value="sessions">based on Sessions (hashes for own sessions)</option>
+          <option value="studies">{{ $t("submission.publishAssessment.hashCollectionStudies") }}</option>
+          <option value="sessions">{{ $t("submission.publishAssessment.hashCollectionSessions") }}</option>
         </select>
       </div>
       <div class="mb-3">
-        <p><b>Hashes:</b></p>
+        <p><b>{{ $t("submission.publishAssessment.hashes") }}</b></p>
         <ul v-if="linkCollection === 'studies'">
           <li
             v-for="study in formattedStudies"
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@
     <!-- STEP 5: Publishing Options -->
     <template #step-5>
       <div class="mb-3">
-        <label for="publishMethod" class="form-label"><b>Publishing Method:</b></label>
+        <label for="publishMethod" class="form-label"><b>{{ $t("submission.publishAssessment.publishingMethod") }}</b></label>
         <select
           id="publishMethod"
           v-model="publishMethod"
@@ -158,10 +158,10 @@
               class="form-check-label"
               for="reviewUrl"
             >
-              <b>Include review URL in Moodle feedback</b>
+              <b>{{ $t("submission.publishAssessment.includeReviewUrl") }}</b>
             </label>
             <p class="small text-muted mt-1">
-              If checked, the review URL will be included as feedback text in Moodle for each published grade.
+              {{ $t("submission.publishAssessment.includeReviewUrlDescription") }}
             </p>
           </div>
         </div>
@@ -175,12 +175,12 @@
           v-if="selectedSessions.length > 0 && selectedConfigurationContent"
           class="mt-4"
         >
-          <label class="form-label"><b>Moodle Grade Publishing Overview:</b></label>
+          <label class="form-label"><b>{{ $t("submission.publishAssessment.moodleGradePublishingOverview") }}</b></label>
           <div class="card">
             <div class="card-body">
               <div class="row mb-2">
                 <div class="col-6">
-                  <strong>Number of grades to publish:</strong>
+                  <strong>{{ $t("submission.publishAssessment.numberOfGradesToPublish") }}</strong>
                 </div>
                 <div class="col-6">
                   {{ gradeInformation.numberOfGrades }}
@@ -188,36 +188,43 @@
               </div>
               <div class="row mb-2">
                 <div class="col-6">
-                  <strong>Assessment scale (current scores):</strong>
+                  <strong>{{ $t("submission.publishAssessment.assessmentScaleCurrentScores") }}</strong>
                 </div>
                 <div class="col-6">
-                  from {{ gradeInformation.totalMinPoints }} to
-                  {{ gradeInformation.totalMaxPoints }} points
+                  {{ $t("submission.publishAssessment.pointsRange", {
+                    from: gradeInformation.totalMinPoints,
+                    to: gradeInformation.totalMaxPoints
+                  }) }}
                 </div>
               </div>
               <div class="row mb-2">
                 <div class="col-6">
-                  <strong>Moodle grade scale (target):</strong>
+                  <strong>{{ $t("submission.publishAssessment.moodleGradeScaleTarget") }}</strong>
                 </div>
                 <div class="col-6">
                   <template v-if="moodleOptions?.assignmentID">
-                    from 0 to {{ gradeInformation.maxGradeFromMoodle }} points
+                    {{ $t("submission.publishAssessment.pointsRange", {
+                      from: 0,
+                      to: gradeInformation.maxGradeFromMoodle
+                    }) }}
                   </template>
                   <template v-else>
-                    select an assignment to view this information
+                    {{ $t("submission.publishAssessment.selectAssignmentForInformation") }}
                   </template>
                 </div>
               </div>
               <div class="row">
                 <div class="col-6">
-                  <strong>Conversion factor:</strong>
+                  <strong>{{ $t("submission.publishAssessment.conversionFactor") }}</strong>
                 </div>
                 <div class="col-6">
                   <template v-if="moodleOptions?.assignmentID">
-                    1 assessment point = {{ gradeInformation.conversionFactor }} Moodle points
+                    {{ $t("submission.publishAssessment.conversionFactorValue", {
+                      factor: gradeInformation.conversionFactor
+                    }) }}
                   </template>
                   <template v-else>
-                    select an assignment to view this information
+                    {{ $t("submission.publishAssessment.selectAssignmentForInformation") }}
                   </template>
                 </div>
               </div>
@@ -225,8 +232,7 @@
           </div>
           <p class="small text-muted mt-2">
             <em>
-              Note: All selected assessment scores will be converted linearly from the
-              assessment scale to the Moodle grade scale using the factor shown above.
+              {{ $t("submission.publishAssessment.conversionNote") }}
             </em>
           </p>
         </div>
@@ -240,7 +246,7 @@ import BasicTable from "@/basic/Table.vue";
 import StepperModal from "@/basic/modal/StepperModal.vue";
 import MoodleOptions from "@/basic/form/MoodleOptions.vue";
 import { calculateAssessmentScore, buildScoresFromState } from "assessment-score";
-import { downloadObjectsAs } from "@/assets/utils.js";
+import { downloadObjectsAs, resolveApiMessage, translateMaybeKey } from "@/assets/utils.js";
 
 /**
  * Modal for publishing assessment data with CSV export
@@ -277,11 +283,11 @@ export default {
   computed: {
     steps() {
       return [
-        { title: "Configuration" },
-        { title: "Workflow" },
-        { title: "Session" },
-        { title: "Confirmation" },
-        { title: "Publishing" },
+        { title: this.$t("submission.publishAssessment.steps.configuration") },
+        { title: this.$t("submission.publishAssessment.steps.workflow") },
+        { title: this.$t("submission.publishAssessment.steps.session") },
+        { title: this.$t("submission.publishAssessment.steps.confirmation") },
+        { title: this.$t("submission.publishAssessment.steps.publishing") },
       ];
     },
     stepValid() {
@@ -465,9 +471,10 @@ export default {
           result.push({
             id: result.length + 1,
             workflowId: workflow.id,
-            workflowName: workflow.name || `Workflow ${workflow.id}`,
+            workflowName: translateMaybeKey(workflow.name)
+              || this.$t("submission.publishAssessment.workflowFallback", { id: workflow.id }),
             stepNumber: parseInt(stepNum),
-            description: workflow.description || "-",
+            description: translateMaybeKey(workflow.description) || "-",
             openSessions: openSessions,
             closedSessions: closedSessions,
             totalSessions: openSessions + closedSessions,
@@ -485,13 +492,13 @@ export default {
     },
     workflowTableColumns() {
       return [
-        { name: "ID", key: "id" },
-        { name: "Workflow ID", key: "workflowId" },
-        { name: "Workflow Name", key: "workflowName" },
-        { name: "Step", key: "stepNumber" },
-        { name: "Open Sessions", key: "openSessions" },
-        { name: "Closed Sessions", key: "closedSessions" },
-        { name: "Total Sessions", key: "totalSessions" },
+        { name: this.$t("common.id"), key: "id" },
+        { name: this.$t("submission.publishAssessment.columns.workflowId"), key: "workflowId" },
+        { name: this.$t("submission.publishAssessment.columns.workflowName"), key: "workflowName" },
+        { name: this.$t("submission.publishAssessment.columns.step"), key: "stepNumber" },
+        { name: this.$t("submission.publishAssessment.columns.openSessions"), key: "openSessions" },
+        { name: this.$t("submission.publishAssessment.columns.closedSessions"), key: "closedSessions" },
+        { name: this.$t("submission.publishAssessment.columns.totalSessions"), key: "totalSessions" },
       ];
     },
     configurationsTable() {
@@ -504,9 +511,9 @@ export default {
     },
     configurationTableColumns() {
       return [
-        { name: "ID", key: "id" },
-        { name: "Name", key: "name" },
-        { name: "Created", key: "createdAt" },
+        { name: this.$t("common.id"), key: "id" },
+        { name: this.$t("common.name"), key: "name" },
+        { name: this.$t("submission.publishAssessment.columns.created"), key: "createdAt" },
       ];
     },
     
@@ -534,7 +541,7 @@ export default {
       return this.selectedConfiguration?.content || null;
     },
     selectedConfigurationName() {
-      return this.selectedConfiguration?.name || "unknown";
+      return this.selectedConfiguration?.name || this.$t("common.unknown");
     },
     criteriaNames() {
       const cfg = this.selectedConfigurationContent;
@@ -610,10 +617,10 @@ export default {
           return {
             sessionId: session.id,
             studyId: session.studyId,
-            studyName: study?.name || "Unknown",
+            studyName: study?.name || this.$t("common.unknown"),
             userId: session.userId,
-            firstName: user?.firstName || "Unknown",
-            lastName: user?.lastName || "Unknown",
+            firstName: user?.firstName || this.$t("common.unknown"),
+            lastName: user?.lastName || this.$t("common.unknown"),
             userName: user?.userName || "-",
             ownerFirstName: owner?.firstName || "-",
             ownerLastName: owner?.lastName || "-",
@@ -630,12 +637,12 @@ export default {
     },
     sessionTableColumns() {
       return [
-        { name: "Study", key: "studyName" },
-        { name: "Reviewer First Name", key: "firstName" },
-        { name: "Reviewer Last Name", key: "lastName" },
-        { name: "Owner First Name", key: "ownerFirstName" },
-        { name: "Owner Last Name", key: "ownerLastName" },
-        { name: "Submission ExtId", key: "submissionExtId" },
+        { name: this.$t("submission.publishAssessment.columns.study"), key: "studyName" },
+        { name: this.$t("submission.publishAssessment.columns.reviewerFirstName"), key: "firstName" },
+        { name: this.$t("submission.publishAssessment.columns.reviewerLastName"), key: "lastName" },
+        { name: this.$t("submission.publishAssessment.columns.ownerFirstName"), key: "ownerFirstName" },
+        { name: this.$t("submission.publishAssessment.columns.ownerLastName"), key: "ownerLastName" },
+        { name: this.$t("submission.publishAssessment.columns.submissionExtId"), key: "submissionExtId" },
       ];
     },
     formattedStudies() {
@@ -672,9 +679,9 @@ export default {
     },
     publishMethodOptions() {
       return [
-        { value: "csv", label: "Download CSV", disabled: false },
-        { value: "moodle", label: "Moodle", disabled: false },
-        { value: "email", label: "Email", disabled: true },
+        { value: "csv", label: this.$t("submission.publishAssessment.publishMethods.downloadCsv"), disabled: false },
+        { value: "moodle", label: this.$t("submission.publishAssessment.publishMethods.moodle"), disabled: false },
+        { value: "email", label: this.$t("submission.publishAssessment.publishMethods.email"), disabled: true },
       ];
     },
     // Grade information computed properties
@@ -822,7 +829,7 @@ export default {
       return roleMatchings
         .map((urm) => {
           const role = this.userRoles.find((ur) => ur.id === urm.userRoleId);
-          return role ? role.name : "Unknown";
+          return role ? role.name : this.$t("common.unknown");
         })
         .join(", ");
     },
@@ -860,8 +867,8 @@ export default {
       const configContent = this.selectedConfigurationContent;
       if (!configContent) {
         this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-          title: "Configuration missing",
-          message: "Selected configuration content could not be loaded.",
+          title: this.$t("submission.publishAssessment.toasts.configurationMissing.title"),
+          message: this.$t("submission.publishAssessment.toasts.configurationMissing.message"),
           variant: "danger",
         });
         return false;
@@ -947,14 +954,14 @@ export default {
           if (res.success) {
             this.$refs.assessmentStepper.close();
             this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-              title: "Grades published",
-              message: "The selected sessions' grades have been published to the assignment",
+              title: this.$t("submission.publishAssessment.toasts.gradesPublished.title"),
+              message: this.$t("submission.publishAssessment.toasts.gradesPublished.message"),
               variant: "success",
             });
           } else {
             this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-              title: "Failed to publish grades",
-              message: res.message,
+              title: this.$t("submission.publishAssessment.toasts.failedToPublishGrades.title"),
+              message: resolveApiMessage(res),
               variant: "danger",
             });
           }
@@ -991,18 +998,18 @@ export default {
         const submission = session.submissionId ? this.submissions.find((s) => s.id === session.submissionId) : null;
 
         const row = {
-          "User ExtId": ownerUser?.extId || session.ownerExtId || "",
-          "User First Name": ownerUser?.firstName || session.ownerFirstName || "",
-          "User Last Name": ownerUser?.lastName || session.ownerLastName || "",
-          "User Name": ownerUser?.userName || session.ownerUserName || "",
-          "Submission ID": session.submissionId || "",
-          "Submission ExtId": submission?.extId || "",
-          "Reviewer First Name": reviewer?.firstName || "",
-          "Reviewer Last Name": reviewer?.lastName || "",
-          "Reviewer User Name": reviewer?.userName || "",
-          "Reviewer Roles": reviewer ? this.getUserRoles(reviewer.id) : "",
-          "Hash": session.hash || "",
-          "Total Points": assessment.achieved_points ?? 0,
+          [this.$t("submission.publishAssessment.csv.userExtId")]: ownerUser?.extId || session.ownerExtId || "",
+          [this.$t("submission.publishAssessment.csv.userFirstName")]: ownerUser?.firstName || session.ownerFirstName || "",
+          [this.$t("submission.publishAssessment.csv.userLastName")]: ownerUser?.lastName || session.ownerLastName || "",
+          [this.$t("submission.publishAssessment.csv.userName")]: ownerUser?.userName || session.ownerUserName || "",
+          [this.$t("submission.publishAssessment.csv.submissionId")]: session.submissionId || "",
+          [this.$t("submission.publishAssessment.csv.submissionExtId")]: submission?.extId || "",
+          [this.$t("submission.publishAssessment.csv.reviewerFirstName")]: reviewer?.firstName || "",
+          [this.$t("submission.publishAssessment.csv.reviewerLastName")]: reviewer?.lastName || "",
+          [this.$t("submission.publishAssessment.csv.reviewerUserName")]: reviewer?.userName || "",
+          [this.$t("submission.publishAssessment.csv.reviewerRoles")]: reviewer ? this.getUserRoles(reviewer.id) : "",
+          [this.$t("submission.publishAssessment.csv.hash")]: session.hash || "",
+          [this.$t("submission.publishAssessment.csv.totalPoints")]: assessment.achieved_points ?? 0,
         };
 
         // Add dynamic criteria columns
@@ -1019,8 +1026,8 @@ export default {
       downloadObjectsAs(rows, fileBaseName, "csv");
 
       this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-        title: "CSV Export",
-        message: "Assessment data CSV successfully generated and exported",
+        title: this.$t("submission.publishAssessment.toasts.csvExport.title"),
+        message: this.$t("submission.publishAssessment.toasts.csvExport.message"),
         variant: "success",
       });
     },
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/submission/PublishModal.vue b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/submission/PublishModal.vue
index 4ef9c741c..c73a0f0cb 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/submission/PublishModal.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/submission/PublishModal.vue
@@ -7,16 +7,20 @@
     @submit="publishReviewLinks"
   >
     <template #title>
-      <h5 class="modal-title">Publish Reviews</h5>
+      <h5 class="modal-title">
+        {{ isSubmissionMode ? $t('dashboard.publishModal.titleSubmissions') : $t('dashboard.publishModal.titleReviews') }}
+      </h5>
     </template>
+
     <!-- STEP 1: Mode Selection -->
     <template #step-1>
       <div class="mb-3">
-        <label class="form-label"><b>Select Review Mode:</b></label>
+        <label class="form-label">
+          <b>{{ $t('dashboard.publishModal.selectReviewMode') }}</b>
+        </label>
+
         <div class="form-check">
-          <label
-            class="form-check-label"
-          >
+          <label class="form-check-label">
             <input
               v-model="selectedMode"
               class="form-check-input"
@@ -24,14 +28,15 @@
               name="modeSelection"
               value="document"
             />
-            <b>Document-based Reviews</b>
-            <div class="small text-muted">Publish review links based on individual documents</div>
+            <b>{{ $t('dashboard.publishModal.documentBasedReviews') }}</b>
+            <div class="small text-muted">
+              {{ $t('dashboard.publishModal.documentBasedReviewsDescription') }}
+            </div>
           </label>
         </div>
+
         <div class="form-check mt-2">
-          <label
-            class="form-check-label"
-          >
+          <label class="form-check-label">
             <input
               v-model="selectedMode"
               class="form-check-input"
@@ -39,12 +44,15 @@
               name="modeSelection"
               value="submission"
             />
-            <b>Submission-based Reviews</b>
-            <div class="small text-muted">Publish review links based on submissions (multiple documents per submission)</div>
+            <b>{{ $t('dashboard.publishModal.submissionBasedReviews') }}</b>
+            <div class="small text-muted">
+              {{ $t('dashboard.publishModal.submissionBasedReviewsDescription') }}
+            </div>
           </label>
         </div>
       </div>
     </template>
+
     <template #step-2>
       <BasicTable
         v-model="selectedDocuments"
@@ -54,6 +62,7 @@
         :max-table-height="400"
       />
     </template>
+
     <template #step-3>
       <BasicTable
         v-model="selectedSessions"
@@ -63,13 +72,12 @@
         :max-table-height="400"
       />
     </template>
+
     <template #step-4>
       <div class="mb-3">
-        <label
-          for="text_format"
-          class="form-label"
-          ><b>Text Format:</b></label
-        >
+        <label for="text_format" class="form-label">
+          <b>{{ $t('dashboard.publishModal.textFormat') }}</b>
+        </label>
         <textarea
           id="text_format"
           v-model="text_format"
@@ -78,30 +86,31 @@
         ></textarea>
         <div class="small">
           <p>
-            <span>The placeholder <code>~SESSION_LINKS~</code> will be replaced with the review links.<br /></span>
+            <span>{{ $t('dashboard.publishModal.placeholderSessionLinks') }}<br /></span>
             <span v-if="linkCollection === 'studies'">
-              The placeholder <code>~USERNAME~</code> will be replaced with the CARE username of the document owner.
+              {{ $t('dashboard.publishModal.placeholderUsername') }}
             </span>
           </p>
         </div>
       </div>
+
       <div class="mb-3">
-        <label
-          for="publishMethod"
-          class="form-label"
-          ><b>Link Collection:</b></label
-        >
+        <label for="publishMethod" class="form-label">
+          <b>{{ $t('dashboard.publishModal.linkCollection') }}</b>
+        </label>
         <select
           id="publishMethod"
           v-model="linkCollection"
           class="form-select"
         >
-          <option value="studies">based on Studies (session links for each study)</option>
-          <option value="sessions">based on Sessions (links for own sessions)</option>
+          <option value="studies">{{ $t('dashboard.publishModal.basedOnStudies') }}</option>
+          <option value="sessions">{{ $t('dashboard.publishModal.basedOnSessions') }}</option>
         </select>
       </div>
+
       <div class="mb-3">
-        <p><b>Links:</b></p>
+        <p><b>{{ $t('dashboard.publishModal.links') }}</b></p>
+
         <ul v-if="linkCollection === 'studies'">
           <li
             v-for="doc in formattedStudies"
@@ -113,15 +122,18 @@
                 v-for="session in doc.sessions"
                 :key="session"
               >
-                {{ session.firstName }} {{ session.lastName }} (<a
+                {{ session.firstName }} {{ session.lastName }} (
+                <a
                   :href="session.link"
                   target="_blank"
-                  >{{ session.link }}</a
-                >)
+                >
+                  {{ session.link }}
+                </a>)
               </li>
             </ul>
           </li>
         </ul>
+
         <ul v-else-if="linkCollection === 'sessions'">
           <li
             v-for="session in formattedSessions"
@@ -133,24 +145,25 @@
                 v-for="s in session"
                 :key="s"
               >
-                {{ s.document.documentName }} (<a
+                {{ s.document.documentName }} (
+                <a
                   :href="s.link"
                   target="_blank"
-                  >{{ s.link }}</a
-                >)
+                >
+                  {{ s.link }}
+                </a>)
               </li>
             </ul>
           </li>
         </ul>
       </div>
     </template>
+
     <template #step-5>
       <div class="mb-3">
-        <label
-          for="publishMethod"
-          class="form-label"
-          ><b>Publishing Method:</b></label
-        >
+        <label for="publishMethod" class="form-label">
+          <b>{{ $t('dashboard.publishModal.publishMethod') }}</b>
+        </label>
         <select
           id="publishMethod"
           v-model="publishMethod"
@@ -166,12 +179,14 @@
           </option>
         </select>
       </div>
+
       <div
         v-if="isSubmissionMode"
         class="small"
       >
-        <p>Choose "Download CSV" to export the generated feedback text for each recipient.</p>
+        <p>{{ $t('dashboard.publishModal.chooseDownloadCSV') }}</p>
       </div>
+
       <div v-if="publishMethod === 'moodle'">
         <MoodleOptions
           ref="moodleOptionsForm"
@@ -187,7 +202,7 @@
 import BasicTable from "@/basic/Table.vue";
 import MoodleOptions from "@/basic/form/MoodleOptions.vue";
 import StepperModal from "@/basic/modal/StepperModal.vue";
-import { downloadObjectsAs } from "@/assets/utils.js";
+import { downloadObjectsAs, resolveApiMessage } from "@/assets/utils.js";
 
 /**
  * Modal for publish the review links to Moodle
@@ -252,11 +267,11 @@ export default {
     },
     steps() {
       return [
-        { title: "Mode" },
-        { title: this.isSubmissionMode ? "Submission" : "Document" },
-        { title: "Session" },
-        { title: "Confirmation" },
-        { title: "Publishing" },
+        { title: this.$t('dashboard.publishModal.stepMode') },
+        { title: this.isSubmissionMode ? this.$t('dashboard.publishModal.stepSubmissionSelection') : this.$t('dashboard.publishModal.stepDocumentSelection') },
+        { title: this.$t('dashboard.publishModal.stepSessionSelection') },
+        { title: this.$t('dashboard.publishModal.stepConfirmation') },
+        { title: this.$t('dashboard.publishModal.stepPublishingOptions') },
       ];
     },
     stepValid() {
@@ -462,35 +477,35 @@ export default {
     documentTableColumns() {
       if (!this.isSubmissionMode) {
         return [
-          { name: "extId", key: "extId" },
-          { name: "First Name", key: "firstName" },
-          { name: "Last Name", key: "lastName" },
-          { name: "Document Title", key: "documentName" },
-          { name: "Studies", key: "studies" },
-          { name: "Sessions", key: "sessions" },
+          { name: this.$t('dashboard.publishModal.columns.extId'), key: "extId" },
+          { name: this.$t('common.firstName'), key: "firstName" },
+          { name: this.$t('common.lastName'), key: "lastName" },
+          { name: this.$t('dashboard.publishModal.columns.documentTitle'), key: "documentName" },
+          { name: this.$t('dashboard.publishModal.columns.studies'), key: "studies" },
+          { name: this.$t('dashboard.publishModal.columns.sessions'), key: "sessions" },
         ];
       }
       return [
-        { name: "extId", key: "extId" },
-        { name: "Submission ID", key: "submissionId" },
-        { name: "Group", key: "group" },
-        { name: "First Name", key: "firstName" },
-        { name: "Last Name", key: "lastName" },
-        { name: "Studies", key: "studies" },
-        { name: "Sessions", key: "sessions" },
+        { name: this.$t('dashboard.publishModal.columns.extId'), key: "extId" },
+        { name: this.$t('dashboard.publishModal.columns.submissionId'), key: "submissionId" },
+        { name: this.$t('dashboard.publishModal.columns.group'), key: "group" },
+        { name: this.$t('common.firstName'), key: "firstName" },
+        { name: this.$t('common.lastName'), key: "lastName" },
+        { name: this.$t('dashboard.publishModal.columns.studies'), key: "studies" },
+        { name: this.$t('dashboard.publishModal.columns.sessions'), key: "sessions" },
       ];
     },
     sessionTableColumns() {
       return [
-        { name: "Study Name", key: "studyName" },
-        { name: "First Name", key: "firstName" },
-        { name: "Last Name", key: "lastName" },
-        { name: "Document Title", key: "documentName" },
+        { name: this.$t('dashboard.publishModal.columns.studyName'), key: "studyName" },
+        { name: this.$t('common.firstName'), key: "firstName" },
+        { name: this.$t('common.lastName'), key: "lastName" },
+        { name: this.$t('dashboard.publishModal.columns.documentTitle'), key: "documentName" },
       ];
     },
     publishMethodOptions() {
       return [
-        { value: "csv", label: "Download CSV", disabled: false },
+        { value: "csv", label: this.$t('dashboard.publishModal.downloadCSV'), disabled: false },
         { value: "moodle", label: "Moodle", disabled: false },
         { value: "email", label: "Email", disabled: true },
       ];
@@ -503,12 +518,17 @@ export default {
     },
   },
   methods: {
+    tUserRole(roleName) {
+      const key = `users.roles.${roleName}`;
+      const translated = this.$t(key);
+      return translated === key ? roleName : translated;
+    },
     getUserRoles(userId) {
       const roleMatchings = this.userRoleMatchings.filter((urm) => urm.userId === userId && !urm.deleted);
       return roleMatchings
         .map((urm) => {
           const role = this.userRoles.find((ur) => ur.id === urm.userRoleId);
-          return role ? role.name : "Unknown";
+          return role ? this.tUserRole(role.name) : this.$t('common.unknown');
         })
         .join(", ");
     },
@@ -541,12 +561,13 @@ export default {
                 text: this.text_format.replace("~SESSION_LINKS~", this.formattedSessions[userId].map((s) => s.link).join("\n")),
               };
             });
+
       if (this.publishMethod === "csv") {
         this.downloadCSV();
         this.$refs.reviewStepper.close();
         this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-          title: "Publish study session links",
-          message: "CSV successfully generated and exported",
+          title: this.$t('dashboard.publishModal.publishReviewLinks'),
+          message: this.$t('dashboard.publishModal.csvSuccessfullyGenerated'),
           variant: "success",
         });
         return;
@@ -564,14 +585,14 @@ export default {
           if (res.success) {
             this.$refs.reviewStepper.close();
             this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-              title: "Reviews published",
-              message: "The review links have been successfully published!",
+              title: this.$t('dashboard.publishModal.reviewsPublished'),
+              message: this.$t('dashboard.publishModal.reviewLinksPublished'),
               variant: "success",
             });
           } else {
             this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-              title: "Failed to publish reviews",
-              message: res.message,
+              title: this.$t('dashboard.publishModal.failedPublishReviews'),
+              message: resolveApiMessage(res),
               variant: "danger",
             });
           }
@@ -640,4 +661,4 @@ export default {
   display: block;
   cursor: pointer;
 }
-</style>
+</style>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/submission/ValidatorSelector.vue b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/submission/ValidatorSelector.vue
index d2a38d78b..1691d1045 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/submission/ValidatorSelector.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/submission/ValidatorSelector.vue
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@
       v-if="showWarning"
       class="alert alert-warning"
     >
-      <strong>Note:</strong> {{ warningText }}
+       <strong>{{ $t('common.note') }}:</strong> {{ warningText }}
     </div>
     <div
       v-if="showPreview"
@@ -81,6 +81,7 @@
 </template>
 
 <script>
+
 /**
  * This component enables users to select a validation schema and allows for UI customization.
  * @author: Linyin Huang
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/templates/PublicTemplatesModal.vue b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/templates/PublicTemplatesModal.vue
index 455af5677..9f8adb6a0 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/templates/PublicTemplatesModal.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/templates/PublicTemplatesModal.vue
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 <template>
   <Modal ref="modal" name="publicTemplates" size="xl">
     <template #title>
-      Public Templates
+      {{ $t("templates.publicTemplates.title") }}
     </template>
     <template #body>
       <p class="text-muted mb-3">
-        Browse published templates from other users. Copy a template to add it to your own list.
+        {{ $t("templates.publicTemplates.description") }}
       </p>
       <BasicTable
         :columns="columns"
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
     <template #footer>
       <BasicButton
         class="btn btn-secondary"
-        title="Close"
+        :title="$t('common.close')"
         @click="close"
       />
     </template>
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@
 import Modal from "@/basic/Modal.vue";
 import BasicTable from "@/basic/Table.vue";
 import BasicButton from "@/basic/Button.vue";
+import { resolveApiMessage } from "@/assets/utils";
 
 /**
  * PublicTemplatesModal - modal for browsing and copying public templates
@@ -52,16 +53,18 @@ export default {
         small: false,
         pagination: 10,
       },
-      columns: [
-        { name: "ID", key: "id" },
-        { name: "Name", key: "name", sortable: true },
-        { name: "Type", key: "typeName", sortable: true },
-        { name: "Updated At", key: "updatedAt", sortable: true, type: "datetime" },
-        { name: "Status", key: "copyStatus", type: "badge" },
-      ],
     };
   },
   computed: {
+    columns() {
+      return [
+        { name: this.$t("common.id"), key: "id" },
+        { name: this.$t("common.name"), key: "name", sortable: true },
+        { name: this.$t("common.type"), key: "typeName", sortable: true },
+        { name: this.$t("common.updatedAt"), key: "updatedAt", sortable: true, type: "datetime" },
+        { name: this.$t("common.status"), key: "copyStatus", type: "badge" },
+      ];
+    },
     userId() {
       return this.$store.getters["auth/getUserId"];
     },
@@ -81,7 +84,7 @@ export default {
             typeName: this.typeName(t.type),
             alreadyCopied,
             canCopy: !alreadyCopied,
-            copyStatus: alreadyCopied ? { text: "Already copied", class: "bg-secondary" } : { text: "", class: "" },
+            copyStatus: alreadyCopied ? { text: this.$t("templates.publicTemplates.alreadyCopied"), class: "bg-secondary" } : { text: "", class: "" },
           };
         });
     },
@@ -95,7 +98,7 @@ export default {
               "btn-outline-secondary": true,
             },
           },
-          title: "View content (read-only)",
+          title: this.$t("templates.publicTemplates.viewContentReadOnly"),
           action: "view",
         },
         {
@@ -107,7 +110,7 @@ export default {
             },
           },
           filter: [{ key: "canCopy", value: true }],
-          title: "Copy to my templates",
+          title: this.$t("templates.publicTemplates.copyToMyTemplates"),
           action: "copy",
         },
         {
@@ -120,7 +123,7 @@ export default {
             },
           },
           filter: [{ key: "alreadyCopied", value: true }],
-          title: "Already copied",
+          title: this.$t("templates.publicTemplates.alreadyCopied"),
           action: null,
         },
       ];
@@ -135,14 +138,14 @@ export default {
     },
     typeName(type) {
       switch (type) {
-        case 1: return "Email - General";
-        case 2: return "Email - Study Session";
-        case 3: return "Email - Assignment";
-        case 4: return "Document - General";
-        case 5: return "Document - Study";
-        case 6: return "Email - Study Close";
-        case 7: return "Email - Submission upload";
-        default: return "Unknown";
+        case 1: return this.$t("templates.types.emailGeneral");
+        case 2: return this.$t("templates.types.emailStudySession");
+        case 3: return this.$t("templates.types.emailAssignment");
+        case 4: return this.$t("templates.types.documentGeneral");
+        case 5: return this.$t("templates.types.documentStudy");
+        case 6: return this.$t("templates.types.emailStudyClose");
+        case 7: return this.$t("templates.types.emailSubmissionUpload");
+        default: return this.$t("common.unknown");
       }
     },
     action(data) {
@@ -162,14 +165,14 @@ export default {
       }, (result) => {
         if (result.success) {
           this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-            title: "Template copied",
-            message: "Template copied to your list",
+            title: this.$t("templates.publicTemplates.success.title"),
+            message: this.$t("templates.publicTemplates.success.message"),
             variant: "success",
           });
         } else {
           this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-            title: "Copy failed",
-            message: result.message,
+            title: this.$t("templates.publicTemplates.errors.copyFailed"),
+            message: resolveApiMessage(result),
             variant: "danger",
           });
         }
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/templates/PublishModal.vue b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/templates/PublishModal.vue
index 8a4c3a7b7..d4588a114 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/templates/PublishModal.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/templates/PublishModal.vue
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 <template>
   <Modal ref="publishModal" name="templatePublish" :props="{templateId: id}">
     <template #title>
-      Publish Template
+      {{ $t("templates.publishModal.title") }}
     </template>
     <template #body>
       <div v-if="success">
@@ -9,16 +9,16 @@
           class="alert alert-success"
           role="alert"
         >
-          Template successfully published!<br>
-          The template is now {{ visibilityMessage }}.
+          {{ $t("templates.publishModal.success.published") }}<br>
+          {{ $t("templates.publishModal.success.visibility", { visibility: visibilityMessage }) }}
         </div>
       </div>
       <div v-else>
         <div v-if="isEmailTemplate" class="alert alert-info mb-3" role="alert">
-          Email templates are only {{ visibilityMessage }} after publishing.
+          {{ $t("templates.publishModal.emailTemplateVisibilityInfo", { visibility: visibilityMessage }) }}
         </div>
-        Do you really want to publish the template? <br>
-        <b>This can not be undone!</b>
+        {{ $t("templates.publishModal.confirmQuestion") }} <br>
+        <b>{{ $t("templates.publishModal.cannotBeUndone") }}</b>
       </div>
     </template>
 
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       >
         <BasicButton
           class="btn btn-secondary"
-          title="Close"
+          :title="$t('common.close')"
           @click="close"
         />
       </span>
@@ -39,12 +39,12 @@
       >
         <BasicButton
           class="btn btn-secondary"
-          title="Abort"
+          :title="$t('common.abort')"
           @click="close"
         />
         <BasicButton
           class="btn btn-danger me-2"
-          title="Yes, publish it!"
+          :title="$t('templates.publishModal.confirmPublish')"
           @click="publish"
         />
       </span>
@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@
 <script>
 import Modal from "@/basic/Modal.vue";
 import BasicButton from "@/basic/Button.vue";
+import { resolveApiMessage } from "@/assets/utils";
 
 /* PublishModal.vue - modal for publishing a template
 
@@ -86,8 +87,8 @@ export default {
     },
     visibilityMessage() {
       return this.isEmailTemplate
-        ? "visible to other administrators"
-        : "visible to all users";
+        ? this.$t("templates.publishModal.visibility.administrators")
+        : this.$t("templates.publishModal.visibility.allUsers");
     },
   },
   methods: {
@@ -116,17 +117,17 @@ export default {
           if (!res.success) {
             this.$refs.publishModal.close();
             this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-              title: "Template not published",
-              message: res.message,
+              title: this.$t("templates.publishModal.errors.notPublished"),
+              message: resolveApiMessage(res),
               variant: "danger",
             });
           } else {
             this.success = true;
             this.$refs.publishModal.waiting = false;
-            this.eventBus.emit('toast', {
-              title: "Template published",
-              message: `The template is now ${this.visibilityMessage}`,
-              variant: "success"
+            this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
+              title: this.$t("templates.publishModal.success.title"),
+              message: this.$t("templates.publishModal.success.visibility", { visibility: this.visibilityMessage }),
+              variant: "success",
             });
           }
         });
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/templates/TemplateDetachModal.vue b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/templates/TemplateDetachModal.vue
index 45e8ffb82..9c3767e44 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/templates/TemplateDetachModal.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/templates/TemplateDetachModal.vue
@@ -4,23 +4,23 @@
     name="template-detach-modal"
   >
     <template #title>
-      <span>Edit Copy</span>
+      <span>{{ $t("templates.detachModal.title") }}</span>
     </template>
     <template #body>
       <p>
-        Editing this template will detach it from the source. You will no longer receive updates from the original template. Continue?
+        {{ $t("templates.detachModal.description") }}
       </p>
     </template>
     <template #footer>
       <div class="btn-group">
         <BasicButton
           class="btn btn-secondary"
-          text="Cancel"
+          :text="$t('common.cancel')"
           @click="onCancel"
         />
         <BasicButton
           class="btn btn-primary"
-          text="Continue"
+          :text="$t('common.continue')"
           @click="onConfirm"
         />
       </div>
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/templates/TemplateModal.vue b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/templates/TemplateModal.vue
index 8cff77deb..f0d88fe2c 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/templates/TemplateModal.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/templates/TemplateModal.vue
@@ -2,7 +2,9 @@
     <BasicCoordinator
       ref="coordinator"
       table="template"
-      title="Template"
+      :title="$t('templates.modal.title')"
+      :text-add="$t('common.add')"
+      :text-cancel="$t('common.cancel')"
       :custom-submit="true"
       :fields-override="coordinatorFields"
       @submit="update"
@@ -11,7 +13,8 @@
   
   <script>
   import BasicCoordinator from "@/basic/dashboard/Coordinator.vue";
-  
+  import { resolveApiMessage } from "@/assets/utils";
+
   /**
    * Template Modal Component
    * 
@@ -23,9 +26,9 @@
    * @author Mohammad Elwan
    */
   const SUPPORTED_LANGUAGES = [
-    { name: "English", value: "en" },
-    { name: "Deutsch", value: "de" },
-    { name: "Français", value: "fr" },
+    { nameKey: "common.languages.en", value: "en" },
+    { nameKey: "common.languages.de", value: "de" },
+    { nameKey: "common.languages.fr", value: "fr" },
   ];
 
   export default {
@@ -63,13 +66,18 @@
           }
 
           if (f.key === "defaultLanguage") {
+            const translatedLanguages = SUPPORTED_LANGUAGES.map((opt) => ({
+              name: this.$t(opt.nameKey),
+              value: opt.value,
+            }));
+
             const langs = this.languagesWithContent || [];
             if (langs.length > 0) {
-              f.options = SUPPORTED_LANGUAGES.filter((opt) =>
+              f.options = translatedLanguages.filter((opt) =>
                 langs.includes(opt.value)
               );
             } else {
-              f.options = [...SUPPORTED_LANGUAGES];
+              f.options = translatedLanguages;
             }
           }
 
@@ -114,8 +122,8 @@
             payload.type === undefined)
         ) {
             this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-            title: "Type required",
-            message: "Please choose a template type",
+              title: this.$t("templates.modal.errors.typeRequired.title"),
+              message: this.$t("templates.modal.errors.typeRequired.message"),
               variant: "danger",
             });
             this.$refs.coordinator.waiting = false;
@@ -147,7 +155,9 @@
         if (result.success) {
           this.$refs.coordinator.waiting = false;
           this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-            title: isEdit ? "Template updated" : "Template created",
+            title: isEdit
+              ? this.$t("templates.modal.success.updated")
+              : this.$t("templates.modal.success.created"),
             message: "",
             variant: "success",
           });
@@ -159,8 +169,8 @@
         } else {
           this.$refs.coordinator.waiting = false;
           this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-            title: "Template operation failed",
-            message: result.message,
+            title: this.$t("templates.modal.errors.operationFailed"),
+            message: resolveApiMessage(result),
             variant: "danger",
           });
         }
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/templates/TemplateUpdateModal.vue b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/templates/TemplateUpdateModal.vue
index 7e070fda8..d1e7f1e89 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/templates/TemplateUpdateModal.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/templates/TemplateUpdateModal.vue
@@ -4,26 +4,26 @@
     name="template-update-modal"
   >
     <template #title>
-      <span>Source template has been updated</span>
+      <span>{{ $t("templates.updateModal.title") }}</span>
     </template>
     <template #body>
       <p class="mb-2">
-        Replace your copy with the latest content, or create a new copy and detach the current one.
+        {{ $t("templates.updateModal.description") }}
       </p>
       <p class="text-danger fw-bold mb-0">
-        Make new copy: your current copy will be detached and will no longer receive updates.
+        {{ $t("templates.updateModal.makeNewCopyWarning") }}
       </p>
     </template>
     <template #footer>
       <div class="btn-group">
         <BasicButton
           class="btn btn-outline-primary"
-          text="Update"
+          :text="$t('common.update')"
           @click="onUpdate"
         />
         <BasicButton
           class="btn btn-primary"
-          text="Make new copy"
+          :text="$t('templates.updateModal.makeNewCopy')"
           @click="onMakeNewCopy"
         />
       </div>
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@
 
 <script>
 import BasicModal from "@/basic/Modal.vue";
+import { resolveApiMessage } from "@/assets/utils";
 import BasicButton from "@/basic/Button.vue";
 
 /**
@@ -59,14 +60,14 @@ export default {
       this.$socket.emit("templateUpdateFromSource", { templateId }, (result) => {
         if (result.success) {
           this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-            title: "Template updated",
-            message: "Content has been updated from the source template",
+            title: this.$t("templates.updateModal.success.updatedTitle"),
+            message: this.$t("templates.updateModal.success.updatedMessage"),
             variant: "success",
           });
         } else {
           this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-            title: "Update failed",
-            message: result.message,
+            title: this.$t("templates.updateModal.errors.updateFailed"),
+            message: resolveApiMessage(result),
             variant: "danger",
           });
         }
@@ -87,14 +88,14 @@ export default {
         (result) => {
           if (result.success) {
             this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-              title: "Template copied",
-              message: "A new copy has been created. Your previous copy has been detached.",
+              title: this.$t("templates.updateModal.success.copiedTitle"),
+              message: this.$t("templates.updateModal.success.copiedMessage"),
               variant: "success",
             });
           } else {
             this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-              title: "Copy failed",
-              message: result.message,
+              title: this.$t("templates.updateModal.errors.copyFailed"),
+              message: resolveApiMessage(result),
               variant: "danger",
             });
           }
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/users/ActiveSessionsModal.vue b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/users/ActiveSessionsModal.vue
index 2281c93d8..777de4bbc 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/users/ActiveSessionsModal.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/users/ActiveSessionsModal.vue
@@ -5,13 +5,13 @@
       size="lg"
   >
     <template #title>
-      Active Sessions
+      {{ $t('users.activeSessions.title') }}
     </template>
 
     <template #body>
      <div v-if="filteredUserName" class="mb-2">
         <small class="text-muted">
-          Filtered user:
+          {{ $t('users.activeSessions.filteredUser') }}
           <span class="fw-semibold text-body">{{ filteredUserName }}</span>
         </small>
       </div>
@@ -24,11 +24,11 @@
 
     <template #footer>
      <small v-if="!filteredUserName" class="text-muted me-auto">
-         {{ stats.activeUsers }} active user(s)
+         {{ $t('users.activeSessions.activeUsers', { count: stats.activeUsers }) }}
      </small>
       <BasicButton
           class="btn btn-secondary"
-          title="Close"
+          :title="$t('common.close')"
           @click="$refs.modal.close()"
       />
     </template>
@@ -60,15 +60,6 @@ export default {
   data() {
     return {
       filterUserId: null,
-
-      sessionColumns: [
-        {name: "Socket ID",    key: "socketId"},
-        {name: "User ID",      key: "userId",      sortable: true},
-        {name: "Username",     key: "userName",    sortable: true},
-        {name: "Connected At", key: "connectedAt", sortable: true},
-        {name: "Browser",      key: "browser"},
-      ],
-
       tableOptions: {
         striped:    true,
         hover:      true,
@@ -80,6 +71,15 @@ export default {
   },
 
   computed: {
+    sessionColumns() {
+      return [
+        { name: this.$t('users.activeSessions.socketId'), key: "socketId" },
+        { name: this.$t('users.activeSessions.userId'), key: "userId", sortable: true },
+        { name: this.$t('common.userName'), key: "userName", sortable: true },
+        { name: this.$t('users.activeSessions.connectedAt'), key: "connectedAt", sortable: true },
+        { name: this.$t('users.activeSessions.browser'), key: "browser" },
+      ];
+    },
     formattedSessions() {
       const source = this.filterUserId
         ? this.stats.sessions.filter(s => s.userId === this.filterUserId)
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/users/DetailsModal.vue b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/users/DetailsModal.vue
index ee8b8afa2..8b071f6df 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/users/DetailsModal.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/users/DetailsModal.vue
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
       @hide="resetForm">
     <template #title>
       <slot name="title">
-        <span>Edit User</span>
+        <span>{{ $t("users.editUser") }}</span>
       </slot>
     </template>
     <template #body>
@@ -27,12 +27,12 @@
       <span class="btn-group">
         <BasicButton
             class="btn btn-secondary"
-            title="Cancel"
+            :title="$t('common.cancel')"
             @click="$refs.modal.close()"
         />
         <BasicButton
             class="btn btn-primary"
-            title="Save"
+            :title="$t('common.save')"
             @click="submit"
         />
       </span>
@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ import BasicModal from "@/basic/Modal.vue";
 import BasicForm from "@/basic/Form.vue";
 import BasicTable from "@/basic/Table.vue";
 import BasicButton from "@/basic/Button.vue";
+import { resolveApiMessage } from "@/assets/utils";
 
 /**
  * Modal for viewing and editing user data
@@ -62,32 +63,32 @@ export default {
       formFields: [
         {
           key: "userName",
-          label: "Username:",
+          label: this.$t("dashboard.users.userNameLabel"),
           type: "text",
           required: true,
           readOnly: true,
         },
         {
           key: "firstName",
-          label: "First Name:",
+          label: this.$t("dashboard.users.firstNameLabel"),
           type: "text",
           required: true,
         },
         {
           key: "lastName",
-          label: "Last Name:",
+          label: this.$t("dashboard.users.lastNameLabel"),
           type: "text",
           required: true,
         },
         {
           key: "email",
-          label: "Email:",
+          label: this.$t("dashboard.users.emailLabel"),
           type: "text",
           required: true,
         },
         {
           key: "roles",
-          label: "Roles:",
+          label: this.$t("dashboard.study.roles"),
           type: "checkbox",
           required: true,
           readOnly: false,
@@ -101,12 +102,12 @@ export default {
         small: false,
       },
       columns: [
-        {name: "Accept Terms", key: "acceptTerms"},
-        {name: "Accept Stats", key: "acceptStats"},
-        {name: "Last Login", key: "lastLoginAt"},
-        {name: "Created At", key: "createdAt"},
-        {name: "Updated At", key: "updatedAt"},
-        {name: "Deleted At", key: "deletedAt"},
+        {name: this.$t("users.columns.acceptTerms"), key: "acceptTerms"},
+        {name: this.$t("users.columns.acceptStats"), key: "acceptStats"},
+        {name: this.$t("users.columns.lastLogin"), key: "lastLoginAt"},
+        {name: this.$t("common.createdAt"), key: "createdAt"},
+        {name: this.$t("dashboard.users.updatedAt"), key: "updatedAt"},
+        {name: this.$t("dashboard.users.deletedAt"), key: "deletedAt"},
       ],
     };
   },
@@ -118,7 +119,9 @@ export default {
   mounted() {
     const options = this.systemRoles.map((role) => ({
       value: role.name,
-      label: role.name.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + role.name.slice(1),
+      label: this.$te(`users.roles.${role.name}`)
+        ? this.$t(`users.roles.${role.name}`)
+        : role.name.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + role.name.slice(1),
     }));
     const index = this.formFields.findIndex(({key}) => key === "roles");
     this.formFields[index].options = options;
@@ -148,15 +151,15 @@ export default {
           this.$refs.modal.close();
           this.$emit("updateUser");
           this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-            title: "User updated",
-            message: "Successfully updated user!",
+            title: this.$t("dashboard.users.userUpdated"),
+            message: this.$t("dashboard.users.userUpdatedMessage"),
             variant: "success",
           });
         } else {
           this.$refs.modal.waiting = false;
           this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-            title: "Fail to update",
-            message: response.message,
+            title: this.$t("errors.users.updateFailed"),
+            message: resolveApiMessage(response),
             variant: "danger",
           });
         }
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/users/ImportModal.vue b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/users/ImportModal.vue
index f5895ce53..ec686107a 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/users/ImportModal.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/users/ImportModal.vue
@@ -3,12 +3,12 @@
     ref="importStepper"
     :steps="steps"
     :validation="stepValid"
-    submit-text="Close"
+    :submit-text="$t('common.close')"
     @submit="$refs.importStepper.close()"
     @step-change="handleStepChange"
   >
     <template #title>
-      <span>Bulk Import Users</span>
+      <span>{{$t('dashboard.users.bulkImportUsers')}}</span>
     </template>
     <!-- Step1: Upload -->
     <template #step-1>
@@ -31,18 +31,17 @@
               icon-name="cloud-arrow-up"
               size="64"
             />
-            <p>Drag and drop CSV file here<br />or click to upload</p>
+            <p>
+              {{ $t('dashboard.users.dragAndDropCSV') }}<br />
+              {{ $t('dashboard.users.orClickToUpload') }}
+            </p>
           </div>
-          <p>
-            Please check the format or
-            <a
-              class="template-link"
-              @click="downloadTemplateCSV"
-            >
-              download the template
-            </a>
-            here.
-          </p>
+
+            <i18n-t keypath="dashboard.users.csvTemplateHint" tag="p">
+              <a class="template-link" @click="downloadTemplateCSV">
+              {{ $t('dashboard.users.downloadTemplate') }}
+              </a>
+            </i18n-t>
           <template v-if="file.state === 1">
             <div
               v-if="file.name !== '' && file.errors.length === 0"
@@ -58,7 +57,7 @@
               </div>
               <BasicButton
                 icon="x-circle-fill"
-                tooltip="Clear file"
+                :tooltip="$t('dashboard.users.clearFile')"
                 @click="clearFile"
               />
             </div>
@@ -66,7 +65,7 @@
               v-else
               class="scrollable-error-container"
             >
-              <p>Your CSV file contains the following errors. Please fix them and reupload the file.</p>
+              <p>{{$t('dashboard.users.csvErrorHint')}}</p>
               <ul>
                 <li
                   v-for="(error, index) in file.errors"
@@ -105,27 +104,40 @@
           icon-name="person-fill-up"
           size="64"
         />
-        <p>
-          Are you sure you want to bulk create <strong>{{ userCount.new }}</strong> users <br />
-          and overwrite <strong>{{ userCount.duplicate }}</strong> users?
-        </p>
+        <i18n-t keypath="dashboard.users.bulkImportConfirm" tag="p">
+          <template #newCount>
+            <strong>{{ userCount.new }}</strong>
+          </template>
+
+          <template #br>
+            <br />
+          </template>
+
+          <template #dupCount>
+            <strong>{{ userCount.duplicate }}</strong>
+          </template>
+        </i18n-t>
       </div>
     </template>
     <!-- Step3: Result -->
     <template #step-4>
       <div class="result-container">
         <div v-if="updatedUserCount">
-          Successfully created <strong>{{ updatedUserCount.new }}</strong> users and overwrote <strong>{{ updatedUserCount.updated }}</strong> users
-          <div
-            v-if="createdErrors.length > 0"
-            class="error-container"
-          >
-            Failed to create the following users:
-            <ul
-              v-for="(error, index) in createdErrors"
-              :key="index"
-            >
-              <li>User with external Id {{ error.extId }} cannot be added: {{ error.message }}</li>
+          <i18n-t keypath="dashboard.users.resultSummary" tag="div">
+            <template #newCount>
+              <strong>{{ updatedUserCount.new }}</strong>
+            </template>
+            <template #updatedCount>
+              <strong>{{ updatedUserCount.updated }}</strong>
+            </template>
+          </i18n-t>
+
+          <div v-if="createdErrors.length > 0" class="error-container">
+            {{ $t('dashboard.users.failedListTitle') }}
+            <ul v-for="(error, index) in createdErrors" :key="index">
+              <li>
+                {{ $t('dashboard.users.userCannotBeAdded', { extId: error.extId, message: resolveApiMessage(error) }) }}
+              </li>
             </ul>
           </div>
         </div>
@@ -139,12 +151,12 @@
           <BasicButton
             v-if="importType === 'moodle'"
             class="btn btn-outline-info"
-            title="Upload to Moodle"
+            :title="$t('dashboard.users.uploadToMoodle')"
             @click="uploadToMoodle"
           />
           <BasicButton
             class="btn btn-outline-primary"
-            title="Download Result CSV"
+            :title="$t('dashboard.users.downloadResultCsv')"
             @click="downloadFileAsCSV"
           />
         </div>
@@ -159,7 +171,7 @@ import BasicButton from "@/basic/Button.vue";
 import BasicIcon from "@/basic/Icon.vue";
 import BasicTable from "@/basic/Table.vue";
 import Papa from "papaparse";
-import { downloadObjectsAs } from "@/assets/utils.js";
+import { downloadObjectsAs, resolveApiMessage } from "@/assets/utils.js";
 import MoodleOptions from "@/basic/form/MoodleOptions.vue";
 
 /**
@@ -194,22 +206,24 @@ export default {
       },
       columns: [
         {
-          name: "Duplicate",
+          name: this.$t('common.duplicate'),
           key: "exists",
           type: "badge",
           typeOptions: {
-            keyMapping: { true: "Yes", default: "No" },
+            keyMapping: { true: this.$t('common.yes'), default: this.$t('common.no') },
           },
           filter: [
-            { key: false, name: "New" },
-            { key: true, name: "Duplicate" },
+            {
+              key: false, name: this.$t('common.new')
+             },
+            { key: true, name: this.$t('common.duplicate') },
           ],
         },
-        { name: "extId", key: "extId" },
-        { name: "First Name", key: "firstName" },
-        { name: "Last Name", key: "lastName" },
-        { name: "Email", key: "email" },
-        { name: "Roles", key: "roles" },
+        { name: this.$t('dashboard.projects.extId'), key: "extId" },
+        { name: this.$t('common.firstName'), key: "firstName" },
+        { name: this.$t('common.lastName'), key: "lastName" },
+        { name: this.$t('users.columns.email'), key: "email" },
+        { name: this.$t('dashboard.projects.roles'), key: "roles" },
       ],
       updatedUserCount: null,
       createdUsers: [],
@@ -224,7 +238,7 @@ export default {
       };
     },
     steps() {
-      return [this.importType === "csv" ? { title: "Upload" } : { title: "Moodle" }, { title: "Preview" }, { title: "Confirm" }, { title: "Result" }];
+      return [this.importType === "csv" ? { title: this.$t('common.upload') } : { title: this.$t('dashboard.users.moodle') }, { title: this.$t('dashboard.users.preview') }, { title: this.$t('common.confirm') }, { title: this.$t('dashboard.users.result') }];
     },
     stepValid() {
       let validStates = [];
@@ -270,14 +284,14 @@ export default {
       this.$socket.emit("userPublishMoodle", { options: this.moodleOptions, users }, (res) => {
         if (res.success) {
           this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-            title: "Uploading completed",
-            message: "Please go to Moodle to check out your username and password!",
+            title: this.$t('dashboard.users.uploadingCompleted'),
+            message: this.$t('dashboard.users.uploadingCompletedMessage'),
             variant: "success",
           });
         } else {
           this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-            title: "Uploading failed",
-            message: res.message,
+            title: this.$t('errors.documents.uploadingFailed'),
+            message: resolveApiMessage(res),
             type: "error",
           });
         }
@@ -330,8 +344,8 @@ export default {
             this.users = res["data"];
           } else {
             this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-              title: "Failed to get users from Moodle",
-              message: res.message,
+              title: this.$t('errors.users.failedToGetUsersFromMoodle'),
+              message: resolveApiMessage(res),
               type: "error",
             });
             this.resetModal();
@@ -368,8 +382,8 @@ export default {
           this.downloadFileAsCSV();
         } else {
           this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-            title: "Failed to bulk create users",
-            message: res.message,
+            title: this.$t('errors.users.failedToBulkCreateUsers'),
+            message: resolveApiMessage(res),
             type: "error",
           });
         }
@@ -387,7 +401,7 @@ export default {
       return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
         Papa.parse(file, {
           header: true,
-          complete: function (results) {
+          complete: (results) => {
             const { data: rows, meta } = results;
             const { fields: fileHeaders } = meta;
             const requiredHeaders = ["extId", "firstName", "lastName", "email", "roles"];
@@ -398,37 +412,37 @@ export default {
             const errors = [];
             // Check headers
             if (!requiredHeaders.every((header) => fileHeaders.includes(header))) {
-              errors.push("CSV does not contain all required headers");
+              errors.push(this.$t('errors.csv.missingRequiredHeaders'));
             }
             rows.forEach((row, index) => {
               // Check if every cell has value
               for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(row)) {
                 if (value === null || value === "") {
-                  errors.push(`Empty value found for ${key} at index ${index + 1}`);
+                  errors.push(this.$t('errors.csv.emptyValue',{key, index: index + 1}));
                 }
               }
               // Check for duplicate id
               if (seenIds.has(row.extId)) {
-                errors.push(`Duplicate id found: ${row.extId} at index ${index + 1}`);
+                errors.push(this.$t('errors.csv.duplicateId', {extId: row.extId, index: index + 1}));
               } else {
                 seenIds.add(row.extId);
               }
 
               // Check for duplicate email
               if (seenEmails.has(row.email)) {
-                errors.push(`Duplicate email found: ${row.email} at index ${index + 1}`);
+                errors.push(this.$t('errors.csv.duplicateEmail', {email: row.email, index: index + 1}));
               } else {
                 seenEmails.add(row.email);
               }
 
               // Check if the values of the roles column are separated by comma
               if (row.roles && !row.roles.includes(",") && row.roles.includes(" ")) {
-                errors.push(`Roles not comma-separated for id ${row.id} at index ${index + 1}`);
+                errors.push(this.$t('errors.csv.rolesNotCommaSeparated', {id: row.id, index: index + 1}));
               }
 
               // Check if the email is in a valid format
               if (!emailRegex.test(row.email)) {
-                errors.push(`Invalid email format for id ${row.id} at index ${index + 1}: ${row.email}`);
+                errors.push(this.$t('errors.csv.invalidEmailFormat', {id: row.id, index: index + 1, email: row.email}));
               }
             });
 
@@ -438,8 +452,8 @@ export default {
               resolve(rows);
             }
           },
-          error: function (error) {
-            reject(["Error parsing file: " + error.message]);
+          error: (error) => {
+            reject([this.$t('errors.csv.parseError', { message: error.message })]);
           },
         });
       });
@@ -456,8 +470,8 @@ export default {
             errors: [],
           };
           this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-            title: "Validation completed",
-            message: "CSV is valid!",
+            title: this.$t('dashboard.users.validationCompleted'),
+            message: this.$t('dashboard.users.validationCompletedMessage'),
             variant: "success",
           });
         } catch (errors) {
@@ -467,7 +481,7 @@ export default {
           };
         }
       } else {
-        alert("Please upload a CSV file");
+        alert(this.$t('dashboard.users.pleaseUploadCsv'));
       }
     },
     clearFile() {
@@ -485,8 +499,8 @@ export default {
           this.users = res.data;
         } else {
           this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-            title: "Failed to check duplicate users",
-            message: "Please contact CARE staff to resolve the issue",
+            title: this.$t('errors.users.failedToCheckDuplicateUsers'),
+            message: this.$t('errors.users.failedToCheckDuplicateUsersMessage'),
             type: "error",
           });
         }
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/users/RightsManagementModal.vue b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/users/RightsManagementModal.vue
index 23dc5c639..93a7bcdae 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/users/RightsManagementModal.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/users/RightsManagementModal.vue
@@ -3,11 +3,11 @@
       ref="stepperModal"
       :steps="steps"
       :validation="validation"
-      submit-text="Assign Rights"
+      :submit-text="$t('users.rights.assignRights')"
       @submit="submit"
   >
     <template #title>
-      <h5 class="modal-title">Rights Management</h5>
+      <h5 class="modal-title">{{ $t('users.rights.managementTitle') }}</h5>
     </template>
     <template #step="{ index }">
       <div v-if="index === 0">
@@ -19,15 +19,25 @@
       </div>
       <div v-else-if="index === 1">
         <div class="mb-3">
-          <h6>Manage rights for <strong class="text-primary">{{ selectedRoleName }}</strong> role</h6>
-          <small class="text-muted">
-            Select the rights for this role. Note: All users have basic <strong>"user"</strong> rights by default.
-          </small>
+          <h6>
+            {{ $t('users.rights.manageRightsFor') }}
+            <strong class="text-primary">{{ selectedRoleName }}</strong>
+            {{ $t('users.rights.role') }}
+          </h6>
+          <i18n-t
+            keypath="users.rights.selectRightsNote"
+            tag="small"
+            class="text-muted"
+          >
+            <template #userRole>
+              <strong>{{ $t('dashboard.users.userWithQuotes') }}</strong>
+            </template>
+          </i18n-t>
         </div>
         <BasicTable
             v-model="roleRights"
             :columns="rightsColumns"
-            :data="allRights"
+            :data="rightsForTable"
             :options="rightsTableOptions"
             :max-table-height="'60vh'"
         />
@@ -58,14 +68,6 @@ export default {
       roleRights: [],
       originalRoleRights: [],
       allRights: [],
-      steps: [
-        {title: "Select Role"},
-        {title: "Manage Rights"},
-      ],
-      rightsColumns: [
-        {name: "Right Name", key: "name", sortable: true},
-        {name: "Description", key: "description"},
-      ],
       rightsTableOptions: {
         striped: true,
         hover: true,
@@ -76,6 +78,18 @@ export default {
     };
   },
   computed: {
+    steps() {
+      return [
+        { title: this.$t('users.rights.selectRole') },
+        { title: this.$t('users.rights.manageRights') },
+      ];
+    },
+    rightsColumns() {
+      return [
+        { name: this.$t('users.rights.rightName'), key: "name", sortable: true },
+        { name: this.$t('common.description'), key: "description" },
+      ];
+    },
     validation() {
       return [
         this.formData.roleId !== null,
@@ -99,14 +113,14 @@ export default {
       return [
         {
           key: "roleId",
-          label: "Select Role",
+          label: this.$t('users.rights.selectRole'),
           type: "select",
           required: true,
           options: this.availableRoles.filter(role => !role.deleted && role.name !== "admin").map(role => ({
             value: role.id,
-            name: role.name,
+            name: `users.roles.${role.name}`,
           })),
-          description: "Choose a role to assign to the user.",
+          description: this.$t('users.rights.chooseRoleDescription'),
         },
       ];
     },
@@ -115,7 +129,17 @@ export default {
     },
     selectedRoleName() {
       const role = this.availableRoles.find(r => r.id === this.formData.roleId);
-      return role ? role.name : "";
+      if (!role) {
+        return "";
+      }
+      const key = `users.roles.${role.name}`;
+      return this.$te(key) ? this.$t(key) : role.name;
+    },
+    rightsForTable() {
+      return this.allRights.map((right) => ({
+        ...right,
+        description: right.description,
+      }));
     },
   },
   watch: {
@@ -142,8 +166,8 @@ export default {
           this.allRights = response.data;
         } else {
           this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-            title: "Error",
-            message: "Failed to load available rights",
+            title: this.$t('common.error'),
+            message: this.$t('users.rights.errors.loadAvailableRightsFailed'),
             variant: "danger",
           });
         }
@@ -156,8 +180,8 @@ export default {
           // Get the selected right names from the role_right_matching response
           const selectedRightNames = response.data.map(item => item.userRightName);
 
-          // Filter allRights to only include the ones that are selected for this role
-          this.roleRights = this.allRights.filter(right =>
+          // Filter rightsForTable so v-model rows match :data (translated descriptions)
+          this.roleRights = this.rightsForTable.filter((right) =>
               selectedRightNames.includes(right.name)
           );
 
@@ -165,8 +189,8 @@ export default {
           this.originalRoleRights = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(this.roleRights));
         } else {
           this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-            title: "Error",
-            message: "Failed to load role rights",
+            title: this.$t('common.error'),
+            message: this.$t('users.rights.errors.loadRoleRightsFailed'),
             variant: "danger",
           });
         }
@@ -183,8 +207,8 @@ export default {
       await this.updateRoleRights();
 
       this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-        title: "Role Rights Updated",
-        message: "Role rights have been successfully updated",
+        title: this.$t('users.rights.updatedTitle'),
+        message: this.$t('users.rights.updatedMessage'),
         variant: "success",
       });
 
@@ -214,8 +238,8 @@ export default {
             if (!result.success) {
               console.error("Failed to assign role rights:", result);
               this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-                title: "Error",
-                message: result.message || "Failed to assign role rights",
+                title: this.$t('common.error'),
+                message: result.message || this.$t('users.rights.errors.assignRoleRightsFailed'),
                 variant: "danger",
               });
             }
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/users/RightsModal.vue b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/users/RightsModal.vue
index b304f2a3f..8d1c97bda 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/users/RightsModal.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/users/RightsModal.vue
@@ -2,21 +2,21 @@
   <BasicModal ref="modal" name="RightsModal">
     <template #title>
       <slot name="title">
-        <span>View User Right</span>
+        <span>{{$t('dashboard.users.viewUserRight')}}</span>
       </slot>
     </template>
     <template #body>
       <div class="table-container">
         <!-- Check if it is an empty object. -->
         <template v-if="Object.keys(userRight).length === 0">
-          <p>This user has no assigned rights</p>
+          <p>{{$t('dashboard.users.userHasNoAssignedRights')}}</p>
         </template>
         <template v-else>
           <table>
             <thead>
               <tr>
-                <th>User Role</th>
-                <th>User Right</th>
+                <th>{{$t('dashboard.users.userRole')}}</th>
+                <th>{{$t('dashboard.users.userRight')}}</th>
               </tr>
             </thead>
             <tbody>
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
                 v-for="(rights, role) in userRight"
                 :key="role"
               >
-                <td>{{ role }}</td>
+                <td>{{ tSystemRoleName(role) }}</td>
                 <td>
                   <ul>
                     <li
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@
     <template #footer>
       <span class="btn-group">
         <BasicButton
-          title="Okay"
+          :title="$t('dashboard.users.okay')"
           class="btn btn-primary"
           @click="$refs.modal.close()"
         />
@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@
 <script>
 import BasicModal from "@/basic/Modal.vue";
 import BasicButton from "@/basic/Button.vue";
+import { resolveApiMessage } from "@/assets/utils";
 
 /**
  * Modal for viewing the rights the user has on this platform
@@ -78,9 +79,9 @@ export default {
       for (const [roleId, rights] of Object.entries(rightObj)) {
         const { name: roleName } = this.systemRoles.find(({ id }) => id === +roleId);
         if (roleName === "admin") {
-          formattedRights[roleName] = ["admin has full rights"];
+          formattedRights[roleName] = [this.$t('dashboard.users.adminHasFullRights')];
         } else if (rights.length === 0) {
-          formattedRights[roleName] = ["this role does not have associated rights yet"];
+          formattedRights[roleName] = [this.$t('dashboard.users.roleNoAssociatedRights')];
         } else {
           formattedRights[roleName] = rights;
         }
@@ -89,6 +90,16 @@ export default {
     },
   },
   methods: {
+    tSystemRoleName(roleName) {
+      const key = `dashboard.systemRoles.${roleName}`;
+      const translated = this.$t(key);
+      return translated === key  ? roleName : translated;
+    },
+    tSystemRoleDescription(roleDescription) {
+      const key = `dashboard.systemRoles.descriptions.${roleDescription}`;
+      const translated = this.$t(key);
+      return translated === key ? roleDescription : translated;
+    },
     open(userId) {
       this.$refs.modal.open();
       this.$socket.emit("userGetRight", {
@@ -96,8 +107,8 @@ export default {
       }, (response) => {
         if (!response.success) {
           this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-            title: "Error fetching user rights",
-            message: response.message,
+            title: this.$t('errors.users.errorFetchingUserRights'),
+            message: resolveApiMessage(response),
             variant: "danger",
           });
         }
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/users/RoleManagementModal.vue b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/users/RoleManagementModal.vue
index 3d3973a00..76922ccfa 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/users/RoleManagementModal.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/users/RoleManagementModal.vue
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
     name="RoleManagementModal"
   >
     <template #title>
-      <span>Create Role</span>
+      <span>{{ $t('users.roleManagement.title') }}</span>
     </template>
 
     <template #body>
@@ -19,12 +19,12 @@
       <span class="btn-group">
         <BasicButton
           class="btn btn-secondary"
-          title="Cancel"
+          :title="$t('common.cancel')"
           @click="$refs.modal.close()"
         />
         <BasicButton
           class="btn btn-primary"
-          title="Create Role"
+          :title="$t('users.roleManagement.buttons.create')"
           @click="submit"
         />
       </span>
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@
 import BasicModal from "@/basic/Modal.vue";
 import BasicForm from "@/basic/Form.vue";
 import BasicButton from "@/basic/Button.vue";
+import { resolveApiMessage } from "@/assets/utils";
 
 export default {
   name: "RoleManagementModal",
@@ -58,18 +59,18 @@ export default {
       return [
         {
           key: "name",
-          label: "Role Name",
+          label: this.$t("users.roleManagement.fields.name.label"),
           type: "text",
           required: true,
-          placeholder: "Enter role name",
-          description: "Create a new system role.",
+          placeholder: this.$t("users.roleManagement.fields.name.placeholder"),
+          description: this.$t("users.roleManagement.fields.name.description"),
         },
         {
           key: "description",
-          label: "Description",
+          label: this.$t("common.description"),
           type: "text",
           required: false,
-          placeholder: "Optional role description",
+          placeholder: this.$t("users.roleManagement.fields.description.placeholder"),
         },
       ];
     },
@@ -96,8 +97,8 @@ export default {
       );
       if (roleExists) {
         this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-          title: "Role already exists",
-          message: "A role with this name already exists.",
+          title: this.$t("users.roleManagement.toasts.alreadyExists.title"),
+          message: this.$t("users.roleManagement.toasts.alreadyExists.message"),
           variant: "warning",
         });
         return;
@@ -117,16 +118,16 @@ export default {
           this.$refs.modal.waiting = false;
           if (result.success) {
             this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-              title: "Role created",
-              message: "Role has been successfully created.",
+              title: this.$t("users.roleManagement.toasts.createSuccess.title"),
+              message: this.$t("users.roleManagement.toasts.createSuccess.message"),
               variant: "success",
             });
             this.$emit("update-user");
             this.$refs.modal.close();
           } else {
             this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-              title: "Failed to create role",
-              message: result.message,
+              title: this.$t("users.roleManagement.toasts.createFailed"),
+              message: resolveApiMessage(result),
               variant: "danger",
             });
           }
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/users/UploadModal.vue b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/users/UploadModal.vue
index e8043bd96..66ddd8dec 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/users/UploadModal.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/users/UploadModal.vue
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
       @hide="reset"
   >
     <template #title>
-      <span>Upload Password</span>
+      <span>{{$t('users.uploadPassword')}}</span>
     </template>
     <template #body>
       <MoodleOptions
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
           v-if="fileErrors.length > 0"
           class="scrollable-error-container"
       >
-        <p>Your CSV file contains the following errors. Please fix them and reupload the file.</p>
+        <p>{{$t('dashboard.users.csvErrorHint')}}</p>
         <ul>
           <li
               v-for="(error, index) in fileErrors"
@@ -42,12 +42,12 @@
     </template>
     <template #footer>
       <BasicButton
-          title="Cancel"
+          :title="$t('common.cancel')"
           class="btn btn-secondary"
           @click="$refs.modal.close()"
       />
       <BasicButton
-          title="Upload"
+          :title="$t('common.upload')"
           class="btn btn-primary"
           :disabled="isDisabled"
           @click="uploadToMoodle"
@@ -61,6 +61,7 @@ import BasicModal from "@/basic/Modal.vue";
 import BasicButton from "@/basic/Button.vue";
 import Papa from "papaparse";
 import MoodleOptions from "@/basic/form/MoodleOptions.vue";
+import { resolveApiMessage } from "@/assets/utils";
 
 /**
  * Modal for uploading the login data of the newly created users to Moodle
@@ -74,31 +75,31 @@ export default {
       formFields: [
         {
           key: "courseID",
-          label: "Course ID:",
+          label: this.$t('moodle.courseId'),
           type: "text",
           required: true,
-          placeholder: "course-id-placeholder",
+          placeholder: this.$t('moodle.placeholders.courseId'),
         },
         {
           key: "assignmentID",
-          label: "Assignment ID:",
+          label: this.$t('moodle.assignmentId'),
           type: "text",
           required: true,
-          placeholder: "assignment-id-placeholder",
+          placeholder: this.$t('moodle.placeholders.assignmentId'),
         },
         {
           key: "url",
-          label: "Moodle URL:",
+          label: this.$t('moodle.apiUrl'),
           type: "text",
           required: true,
-          placeholder: "https://example.moodle.com",
+          placeholder: this.$t('moodle.placeholders.apiUrl'),
         },
         {
           key: "apiKey",
-          label: "Moodle API Key:",
+          label: this.$t('moodle.apiKey'),
           type: "text",
           required: true,
-          placeholder: "api-key-placeholder",
+          placeholder: this.$t('moodle.placeholders.apiKey'),
         },
       ],
       moodleOptions: {},
@@ -133,15 +134,15 @@ export default {
         if (res.success) {
           this.$refs.modal.close();
           this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-            title: "Uploading completed",
-            message: "Please go to Moodle to check out your username and password!",
+            title: this.$t('dashboard.users.uploadingCompleted'),
+            message: this.$t('dashboard.users.uploadingCompletedMessage'),
             variant: "success",
           });
         } else {
           this.$refs.modal.waiting = false;
           this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-            title: "Uploading failed",
-            message: res.message,
+            title: this.$t('errors.documents.uploadingFailed'),
+            message: resolveApiMessage(res),
             variant: "danger",
           });
 
@@ -156,7 +157,7 @@ export default {
       return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
         Papa.parse(file, {
           header: true,
-          complete: function (results) {
+          complete: (results) => {
             const {data: rows, meta} = results;
             const {fields: fileHeaders} = meta;
             const requiredHeaders = ["extId", "userName", "password"];
@@ -164,18 +165,18 @@ export default {
             const errors = [];
             // Check headers
             if (!requiredHeaders.every((header) => fileHeaders.includes(header))) {
-              errors.push("CSV does not contain all required headers");
+              errors.push(this.$t('errors.csv.missingRequiredHeaders'));
             }
             rows.forEach((row, index) => {
               // Check if every cell has value
               for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(row)) {
                 if (value === null || value === "") {
-                  errors.push(`Empty value found for ${key} at index ${index + 1}`);
+                  errors.push(this.$t('errors.csv.emptyValue',{key, index: index + 1}));
                 }
               }
               // Check for duplicate id
               if (seenIds.has(row.extId)) {
-                errors.push(`Duplicate id found: ${row.extId} at index ${index + 1}`);
+                errors.push(this.$t('errors.csv.duplicateId', {extId: row.extId, index: index + 1}));
               } else {
                 seenIds.add(row.extId);
               }
@@ -187,8 +188,8 @@ export default {
               resolve(rows);
             }
           },
-          error: function (error) {
-            reject(["Error parsing file: " + error.message]);
+          error: (error) => {
+            reject([this.$t('errors.csv.parseError', { message: error.message })]);
           },
         });
       });
@@ -199,15 +200,15 @@ export default {
           this.uploadedUsers = await this.validateCSV(file);
           this.fileErrors = [];
           this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-            title: "Validation completed",
-            message: "CSV is valid!",
+            title: this.$t('dashboard.users.validationCompleted'),
+            message: this.$t('dashboard.users.validationCompletedMessage'),
             variant: "success",
           });
         } catch (errors) {
           this.fileErrors = errors;
         }
       } else {
-        alert("Please upload a CSV file");
+        alert(this.$t('dashboard.users.pleaseUploadCsv'));
       }
     },
   },
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/users/UserCreateModal.vue b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/users/UserCreateModal.vue
index d7bb0db87..bc778d757 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/users/UserCreateModal.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/users/UserCreateModal.vue
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
       name="UserCreateModal"
       @hide="reset">
     <template #title>
-      <span>Add User</span>
+      <span>{{$t('users.addUser')}}</span>
     </template>
     <template #body>
       <BasicForm
@@ -15,12 +15,12 @@
     </template>
     <template #footer>
       <BasicButton
-          title="Cancel"
+          :title="$t('common.cancel')"
           class="btn btn-secondary"
           @click="$refs.modal.close()"
       />
       <BasicButton
-          title="Add"
+          :title="$t('common.add')"
           class="btn btn-primary"
           :disabled="isDisabled"
           @click="createUser"
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@
 import BasicModal from "@/basic/Modal.vue";
 import BasicButton from "@/basic/Button.vue";
 import BasicForm from "@/basic/Form.vue";
+import {resolveApiMessage} from "@/assets/utils";
 
 /**
  * Modal for creating a single new user
@@ -44,46 +45,6 @@ export default {
   emits: ["updateUser"],
   data() {
     return {
-      formFields: [
-        {
-          key: "firstName",
-          label: "First Name:",
-          type: "text",
-          required: true,
-          placeholder: "please provide the first name",
-        },
-        {
-          key: "lastName",
-          label: "Last Name:",
-          type: "text",
-          required: true,
-          placeholder: "please provide the last name",
-        },
-        {
-          key: "userName",
-          label: "Username:",
-          type: "text",
-          required: true,
-          pattern: "^[a-zA-Z0-9]+$",
-          placeholder: "please provide the username - no special characters",
-        },
-        {
-          key: "email",
-          label: "Email:",
-          type: "email",
-          required: true,
-          pattern: "^[a-zA-Z0-9._%+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9.-]+\\.[a-zA-Z]{2,}$",
-          placeholder: "email@example.com",
-        },
-        {
-          key: "password",
-          label: "Password:",
-          type: "password",
-          required: true,
-          pattern: ".{8,}",
-          placeholder: "password should be at least 8 characters long",
-        },
-      ],
       formData: {
         firstName: "",
         lastName: "",
@@ -95,10 +56,53 @@ export default {
     };
   },
   computed: {
-    isDisabled() {
-      return Object.values(this.formData).some((v) => v === "");
-    },
+  formFields() {
+    return [
+      {
+        key: "firstName",
+        label: this.$t("dashboard.users.firstNameLabel"),
+        type: "text",
+        required: true,
+        placeholder: this.$t("dashboard.users.placeholders.provideFirstName"),
+      },
+      {
+        key: "lastName",
+        label: this.$t("dashboard.users.lastNameLabel"),
+        type: "text",
+        required: true,
+        placeholder: this.$t("dashboard.users.placeholders.provideLastName"),
+      },
+      {
+        key: "userName",
+        label: this.$t("dashboard.users.userNameLabel"),
+        type: "text",
+        required: true,
+        pattern: "^[a-zA-Z0-9]+$",
+        placeholder: this.$t("dashboard.users.placeholders.provideUsername"),
+      },
+      {
+        key: "email",
+        label: this.$t("dashboard.users.emailLabel"),
+        type: "email",
+        required: true,
+        pattern: "^[a-zA-Z0-9._%+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9.-]+\\.[a-zA-Z]{2,}$",
+        placeholder: this.$t("dashboard.users.placeholders.emailExample"),
+      },
+      {
+        key: "password",
+        label: this.$t("dashboard.users.passwordLabel"),
+        type: "password",
+        required: true,
+        pattern: ".{8,}",
+        placeholder: this.$t("dashboard.users.placeholders.passwordMinLength"),
+      },
+    ];
+  },
+
+  isDisabled() {
+    return Object.values(this.formData).some((v) => v === "");
   },
+},
   methods: {
     open() {
       this.$refs.modal.open();
@@ -120,18 +124,18 @@ export default {
       this.$socket.emit("userCreate", this.formData, (response) => {
         if (response.success) {
           this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-            title: "User Creation Completed",
+            title: this.$t('dashboard.users.userCreationCompleted'),
             variant: "success",
-            message: "The user creation was successful",
+            message: this.$t('dashboard.users.userCreationCompletedMessage'),
           });
           this.$refs.modal.close();
           this.$emit("updateUser");
         } else {
           this.$refs.modal.waiting = false;
           this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-            title: "User Creation Failed",
+            title: this.$t('errors.users.userCreationFailed'),
             variant: "danger",
-            message: response.message,
+            message: resolveApiMessage(response, 'errors.users.userCreationFailed'),
           });
         }
       });
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/workflows/WorkflowCreateModal.vue b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/workflows/WorkflowCreateModal.vue
index aeecef0b4..24b412553 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/workflows/WorkflowCreateModal.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/workflows/WorkflowCreateModal.vue
@@ -2,7 +2,9 @@
   <BasicCoordinator
     ref="coordinator"
     table="workflow"
-    title="Workflow"
+    :title="$t('workflow.createModal.title')"
+    :text-add="$t('common.add')"
+    :text-cancel="$t('common.cancel')"
   />
 </template>
 
@@ -27,9 +29,8 @@ export default {
       this.$refs.coordinator.open(workflowId, defaultValues);
     },
     copy(workflowId, defaultValues = {}) {
-      this.$refs.coordinator.open(workflowId, defaultValues, true, {
-        parentWorkflowId: workflowId,
-      });
+      const overrides = { parentWorkflowId: workflowId };
+      this.$refs.coordinator.open(workflowId, defaultValues, true, overrides);
     },
     close() {
       this.$refs.coordinator.close();
@@ -38,15 +39,15 @@ export default {
       try {
         await navigator.clipboard.writeText(this.link);
         this.eventBus.emit('toast', {
-          title: "Link copied",
-          message: "Workflow link copied to clipboard!",
-          variant: "success"
+          title: this.$t("workflow.createModal.success.linkCopied.title"),
+          message: this.$t("workflow.createModal.success.linkCopied.message"),
+          variant: "success",
         });
       } catch (_error) {
         this.eventBus.emit('toast', {
-          title: "Link not copied",
-          message: "Could not copy workflow link to clipboard!",
-          variant: "danger"
+          title: this.$t("workflow.createModal.errors.linkNotCopied.title"),
+          message: this.$t("workflow.createModal.errors.linkNotCopied.message"),
+          variant: "danger",
         });
       }
     }
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/workflows/WorkflowEditModal.vue b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/workflows/WorkflowEditModal.vue
index b69322339..4ae70b971 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/workflows/WorkflowEditModal.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/workflows/WorkflowEditModal.vue
@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
 <template>
   <BasicModal ref="modal" name="workflowEditModal" size="xl">
     <template #title>
-      Edit Workflow: {{ selectedWorkflow?.name }}
+      {{ $t("workflow.editModal.title", { name: displayWorkflowName }) }}
     </template>
     <template #body>
       <div v-if="selectedWorkflow" class="workflow-editor">
         <div class="alert alert-info mb-3" role="alert">
-          <strong>Workflow:</strong> {{ selectedWorkflow.name }}<br>
-          <strong>Description:</strong> {{ selectedWorkflow.description || 'No description' }}<br>
-          <strong>Copied Step:</strong> {{ copiedWorkflowStepData ? `${copiedWorkflowStepData.name || 'Unnamed step'} (${getStepTypeString(copiedWorkflowStepData.stepType)})` : 'None' }}
+          <strong>{{ $t("workflow.editModal.workflow") }}:</strong> {{ displayWorkflowName }}<br>
+          <strong>{{ $t("workflow.editModal.description") }}:</strong> {{ displayWorkflowDescription }}<br>
+          <strong>{{ $t("workflow.editModal.copiedStep") }}:</strong> {{ copiedWorkflowStepData ? $t("workflow.editModal.copiedStepValue", { name: copiedWorkflowStepData.name || $t("workflow.editModal.unnamedStep"), type: getStepTypeString(copiedWorkflowStepData.stepType) }) : $t("common.none") }}
         </div>
 
         <Graph
@@ -37,21 +37,21 @@
 
         <div v-else class="text-center py-4">
           <div class="spinner-border" role="status">
-            <span class="visually-hidden">Loading workflow...</span>
+            <span class="visually-hidden">{{ $t("workflow.editModal.loadingWorkflow") }}</span>
           </div>
-          <p class="mt-2">Loading workflow graph...</p>
+          <p class="mt-2">{{ $t("workflow.editModal.loadingWorkflowGraph") }}</p>
         </div>
       </div>
 
       <div v-if="isLoading" class="text-center py-3">
         <div class="spinner-border spinner-border-sm me-2" role="status">
-          <span class="visually-hidden">Loading...</span>
+          <span class="visually-hidden">{{ $t("common.loading") }}</span>
         </div>
-        Saving changes...
+        {{ $t("workflow.editModal.savingChanges") }}
       </div>
     </template>
     <template #footer>
-      <BasicButton text="Close" class="btn btn-secondary" @click="close" />
+      <BasicButton :text="$t('common.close')" class="btn btn-secondary" @click="close" />
     </template>
   </BasicModal>
 </template>
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ import BasicButton from "@/basic/Button.vue";
 import Graph from "@/basic/graph/Graph.vue";
 import WorkflowStepEditor from "@/basic/graph/WorkflowStepEditor.vue";
 import WorkflowStepInspectModal from "@/basic/graph/WorkflowStepInspectModal.vue";
+import { translateMaybeKey } from "@/assets/utils";
 
 function getColorForStepType(stepType) {
   switch (stepType) {
@@ -104,31 +105,40 @@ export default {
       workflowGraphData: null,
       originalGraphData: null,
       hasUnsavedChanges: false,
-      graphOptions: {
+    };
+  },
+  computed: {
+    graphOptions() {
+      return {
         nodes: {
           "Annotater": {
-            label: "Annotater Step",
+            label: this.$t("workflow.editModal.stepTypes.annotaterStep"),
             target: "workflow_step",
           },
           "Editor": {
-            label: "Editor Step",
+            label: this.$t("workflow.editModal.stepTypes.editorStep"),
             target: "workflow_step",
           },
           "Modal": {
-            label: "Modal Step",
+            label: this.$t("workflow.editModal.stepTypes.modalStep"),
             target: "workflow_step",
           },
         }
-      },
-    };
-  },
-  computed: {
+      };
+    },
     isEditable() {
       if (!this.selectedWorkflow) return false;
       const isAdmin = this.$store.getters['auth/isAdmin'];
       const userId = this.$store.getters['auth/getUserId'];
       return isAdmin || this.selectedWorkflow.userId === userId;
-    }
+    },
+    displayWorkflowName() {
+      return translateMaybeKey(this.selectedWorkflow?.name) || "";
+    },
+    displayWorkflowDescription() {
+      const description = translateMaybeKey(this.selectedWorkflow?.description);
+      return description || this.$t("common.noDescription");
+    },
   },
   methods: {
     open(workflowId) {
@@ -228,13 +238,13 @@ export default {
     getStepTypeString(stepType) {
       switch (stepType) {
         case 1: // STEP_TYPE_ANNOTATOR
-          return "Annotater";
+          return this.$t("workflow.editModal.stepTypes.annotater");
         case 2: // STEP_TYPE_EDITOR
-          return "Editor";
+          return this.$t("workflow.editModal.stepTypes.editor");
         case 3: // STEP_TYPE_MODAL
-          return "Modal";
+          return this.$t("workflow.editModal.stepTypes.modal");
         default:
-          return "Annotater"; // Default to annotater
+          return this.$t("workflow.editModal.stepTypes.annotater"); // Default to annotater
       }
     },
     inspectWorkflowStep(id) {
@@ -354,8 +364,8 @@ export default {
       }, (result) => {
         if (!result.success) {
           this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-            title: "Save Failed",
-            message: `Failed to save step`,
+            title: this.$t("workflow.editModal.errors.saveFailed"),
+            message: this.$t("workflow.editModal.errors.saveStepFailed"),
             variant: "danger",
           });
         }
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/workflows/WorkflowRenameModal.vue b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/workflows/WorkflowRenameModal.vue
index ea2b2685a..6557f8794 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/dashboard/workflows/WorkflowRenameModal.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/dashboard/workflows/WorkflowRenameModal.vue
@@ -5,16 +5,16 @@
     size="lg"
   >
     <template #title>
-      Rename Workflow
+      {{ $t("workflow.renameModal.title") }}
     </template>
     <template #body>
       <div v-if="selectedWorkflow" class="mb-3">
         <p class="text-muted mb-3">
-          This will rename the existing workflow.
+          {{ $t("workflow.renameModal.description") }}
         </p>
         
         <div class="alert alert-info" role="alert">
-          <strong>Current Workflow:</strong> {{ selectedWorkflow.name }}
+          <strong>{{ $t("workflow.renameModal.currentWorkflow") }}:</strong> {{ translateMaybeKey(selectedWorkflow.name) }}
         </div>
         
         <BasicForm
@@ -26,20 +26,20 @@
       
       <div v-if="isLoading" class="text-center py-3">
         <div class="spinner-border spinner-border-sm me-2" role="status">
-          <span class="visually-hidden">Loading...</span>
+          <span class="visually-hidden">{{ $t("common.loading") }}</span>
         </div>
-        Renaming workflow...
+        {{ $t("workflow.renameModal.renamingWorkflow") }}
       </div>
     </template>
     <template #footer>
       <BasicButton
         class="btn btn-secondary me-2"
-        text="Cancel"
+        :text="$t('common.cancel')"
         @click="close"
       />
       <BasicButton
         class="btn btn-primary"
-        text="Rename Workflow"
+        :text="$t('workflow.renameModal.renameWorkflow')"
         :disabled="!canSubmit"
         @click="handleSubmit"
       />
@@ -51,6 +51,7 @@
 import BasicModal from "@/basic/Modal.vue";
 import BasicButton from "@/basic/Button.vue";
 import BasicForm from "@/basic/Form.vue";
+import { resolveApiMessage, translateMaybeKey } from "@/assets/utils";
 
 /**
  * Workflow Rename Modal Component
@@ -82,40 +83,43 @@ export default {
       return [
         {
           key: "name",
-          label: "New Workflow Name",
+          label: this.$t("workflow.renameModal.form.newWorkflowName"),
           type: "text",
           required: true,
-          placeholder: "Enter new workflow name",
+          placeholder: this.$t("workflow.renameModal.form.enterNewWorkflowName"),
           maxlength: 255,
           size: 12,
         },
       ];
     },
     canSubmit() {
+      const currentName = this.selectedWorkflow
+        ? translateMaybeKey(this.selectedWorkflow.name)
+        : "";
       return (
         !this.isLoading &&
         this.formData.name &&
         this.formData.name.trim().length > 0 &&
         this.selectedWorkflow &&
-        this.formData.name.trim() !== this.selectedWorkflow.name
+        this.formData.name.trim() !== currentName
       );
     },
   },
   methods: {
+    translateMaybeKey,
     open(workflowId) {
       this.selectedWorkflow = this.$store.getters["table/workflow/get"](workflowId);
       if (!this.selectedWorkflow) {
         this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-          title: "Error",
-          message: "Workflow not found",
+          title: this.$t("workflow.renameModal.errors.workflowNotFound.title"),
+          message: this.$t("workflow.renameModal.errors.workflowNotFound.message"),
           variant: "danger",
         });
         return;
       }
       
-      // Initialize form with current workflow data
       this.formData = {
-        name: this.selectedWorkflow.name,
+        name: translateMaybeKey(this.selectedWorkflow.name),
       };
       this.isLoading = false;
       
@@ -154,8 +158,8 @@ export default {
             }, (result) => {
             if (!result.success) {
                 this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-                  title: "Creation Failed",
-                  message: result.message || "Failed to create new workflow",
+                  title: this.$t("workflow.renameModal.errors.creationFailed"),
+                  message: resolveApiMessage(result),
                   variant: "danger",
                 });
             }
@@ -170,16 +174,19 @@ export default {
           }, (result) => {
             if (!result.success) {
                 this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-                    title: "Hide Original Failed",
-                    message: result.message || "Failed to hide original workflow",
-                    variant: "danger",
+                  title: this.$t("workflow.renameModal.errors.hideOriginalFailed"),
+                  message: resolveApiMessage(result),
+                  variant: "danger",
                 });
             }
           });
         
         this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-          title: "Workflow Renamed",
-          message: `Workflow "${this.selectedWorkflow.name}" has been renamed to "${this.formData.name.trim()}"`,
+          title: this.$t("workflow.renameModal.success.title"),
+          message: this.$t("workflow.renameModal.success.message", {
+            oldName: translateMaybeKey(this.selectedWorkflow.name),
+            newName: this.formData.name.trim(),
+          }),
           variant: "success",
         });
         
@@ -188,8 +195,8 @@ export default {
       } catch (error) {
         console.error("Failed to rename workflow:", error);
         this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-          title: "Rename Failed",
-          message: error.message || "Failed to rename workflow",
+          title: this.$t("workflow.renameModal.errors.renameFailed"),
+          message: error.message || this.$t("workflow.renameModal.errors.renameFailedMessage"),
           variant: "danger",
         });
       } finally {
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/editor/Editor.vue b/frontend/src/components/editor/Editor.vue
index 7afc0638a..8b2d172dd 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/editor/Editor.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/editor/Editor.vue
@@ -1,19 +1,19 @@
 <template>
   <Teleport to="#topbarCenterPlaceholder">
-    <div
-      v-show="templateId && readOnlyOverwrite"
-      title="Read-only"
-    >
-      <span :style="{ color: '#800000', fontWeight: 'bold' }">
-        Read-only
-      </span>
-      <LoadIcon
-        :size="22"
-        :color="'#800000'"
-        icon-name="lock-fill"
-      />
-    </div>
-  </Teleport>
+  <div
+    v-show="templateId && readOnlyOverwrite"
+    :title="$t('common.readOnly')"
+  >
+    <span :style="{ color: '#800000', fontWeight: 'bold' }">
+      {{ $t('common.readOnly') }}
+    </span>
+    <LoadIcon
+      :size="22"
+      :color="'#800000'"
+      icon-name="lock-fill"
+    />
+  </div>
+</Teleport>
   <div class="container-fluid d-flex min-vh-100 vh-100 flex-column">
     <div class="row flex-grow-1 overflow-hidden">
       <div id="editorContainer" class="editor-container flex-grow-1">
@@ -33,21 +33,21 @@
           @sidebar-visibility-change="handleSidebarVisibilityChange"
           @sidebar-action="handleSidebarAction">
         <template v-if="showHistory && !withoutHistory" #history>
-          <SidebarTemplate icon="clock-history" title="History">
+          <SidebarTemplate icon="clock-history" :title="$t('editor.history')">
             <template #content>
               <SidebarHistory/>
             </template>
           </SidebarTemplate>
         </template>
         <template v-if="document && document.type === 2" #configurator>
-          <SidebarTemplate icon="gear-fill" title="Configurator">
+          <SidebarTemplate icon="gear-fill" :title="$t('editor.configurator')">
             <template #content>
               <SidebarConfigurator/>
             </template>
           </SidebarTemplate>
         </template>
         <template v-if="templateId && template && !readOnlyOverwrite && hasPlaceholders" #templateConfigurator>
-          <SidebarTemplate icon="gear-fill" title="Placeholders">
+          <SidebarTemplate icon="gear-fill" :title="$t('editor.placeholders')">
             <template #content>
               <TemplateConfigurator/>
             </template>
@@ -80,6 +80,7 @@ import {computed} from "vue";
 import SidebarTemplate from "@/basic/sidebar/SidebarTemplate.vue";
 import TemplateEditor from "@/components/editor/template/TemplateEditor.vue";
 import TemplateConfigurator from "@/components/editor/sidebar/TemplateConfigurator.vue";
+import { resolveApiMessage } from "@/assets/utils";
 
 export default {
   name: "EditorView",
@@ -108,16 +109,16 @@ export default {
       required: false,
       default: false,
     },
-    studySessionId: {
-      type: Number,
-      required: false,
-      default: null,
-    },
     currentStudyStep: {
       type: Object,
       required: false,
       default: null
     },
+    studySessionId: {
+      type: Number,
+      required: false,
+      default: null,
+    },
   },
   props: {
     documentId: {
@@ -184,7 +185,7 @@ export default {
         {
           id: 'download-html',
           icon: 'download',
-          title: 'Download document',
+          title: this.$t('editor.downloadDocument'),
           action: 'downloadHTML',
           isGeneral: true,
           disabled: !this.showHTMLDownloadButton
@@ -298,15 +299,15 @@ export default {
             (res) => {
               if (!res.success) {
                 this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-                  title: "Failed retrieving edit history",
-                  message: res.message,
+                  title: this.$t('errors.editor.editHistoryRetrievalFailed'),
+                  message: resolveApiMessage(res),
                   variant: "danger",
                 });
               }
             }
         );
       }
-    }
+    },
   },
 };
 </script>
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/editor/editor/Editor.vue b/frontend/src/components/editor/editor/Editor.vue
index 2101270f6..e8d4b574d 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/editor/editor/Editor.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/editor/editor/Editor.vue
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
             class="readonly-toolbar-bar"
           >
             <LoadIcon icon-name="lock-fill" :size="16" />
-            <span class="readonly-toolbar-text">Read-Only Mode</span>
+            <span class="readonly-toolbar-text">{{ $t('editor.readOnlyMode') }}</span>
           </div>
           <div
             :id="`editor-container-${studyStepId}`"
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ import "quill/dist/quill.snow.css";
 import debounce from "lodash.debounce";
 import {dbToDelta, deltaToDb} from "editor-delta-conversion";
 import {Editor} from "@/components/editor/editorStore.js";
-import {downloadDocument} from "@/assets/utils.js";
+import {downloadDocument, resolveApiMessage} from "@/assets/utils.js";
 import LoadIcon from "@/basic/Icon.vue";
 
 const Delta = Quill.import('delta');
@@ -327,8 +327,8 @@ export default {
       this.$socket.emit("documentOpen", {documentId: this.documentId}, (res) => {
         if (!res.success) {
           this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-            title: "Document Open Error",
-            message: res.message,
+            title: this.$t('errors.documents.documentOpenError'),
+            message: resolveApiMessage(res),
             variant: "danger",
           });
         }
@@ -349,8 +349,8 @@ export default {
         this.$socket.emit("documentClose", {documentId: this.documentId, studySessionId: this.studySessionId}, (res) => {
           if (!res.success) {
             this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-              title: "Document Close Error",
-              message: res.message,
+              title: this.$t('errors.documents.documentCloseError'),
+              message: resolveApiMessage(res),
               variant: "danger",
             });
           }
@@ -396,8 +396,8 @@ export default {
             if (!res.success) {
               quill.setContents(backup);
               this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-                title: "Previous edit failed; try again",
-                message: res.message,
+                title: this.$t("errors.documents.previousEditFailed"),
+                message: resolveApiMessage(res),
                 variant: "danger",
               });
             }
@@ -425,6 +425,7 @@ export default {
       }
     },
     addText(text) {
+      console.log("Adding text to editor:", text);
       if (!text || !this.editor) {
         return;
       }
@@ -452,8 +453,8 @@ export default {
           this.emitContentForPlaceholders();
         } else {
           this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-            title: "No Cursor Position",
-            message: "Please click in the editor to set the cursor position before inserting a placeholder.",
+            title: this.$t('errors.editor.cursorPositionError.title'),
+            message: this.$t('errors.editor.cursorPositionError.message'),
             variant: "warning",
           });
         }
@@ -504,6 +505,7 @@ export default {
     handleTextChange(delta, oldContents, source) {
       if (source === "user") {
         this.deltaBuffer.push(delta);
+        console.log("Delta buffer length:", this.deltaBuffer.length);
         this.debouncedProcessDelta();
 
         this.emitContentForPlaceholders();
@@ -526,8 +528,8 @@ export default {
             if (!res.success) {
               quill.setContents(backup);
               this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-                title: "Previous edit failed; try again",
-                message: res.message,
+                title: this.$t('errors.editor.previousEditFailed'),
+                message: resolveApiMessage(res),
                 variant: "danger",
               });
             }
@@ -569,7 +571,7 @@ export default {
     },
     handleDocumentError(error) {
       this.eventBus.emit('toast', {
-        title: "Document error",
+        title: this.$t('errors.documents.documentError'),
         message: error.message,
         variant: "danger"
       });
@@ -577,7 +579,7 @@ export default {
     downloadDocumentAsHTML() {
       const editorContent = this.editor.getEditor().root.innerHTML;
       const document = this.$store.getters["table/document/getByHash"](this.documentHash);
-      const documentName = document ? document.name : "document";
+      const documentName = document ? document.name : this.$t('documents.documentDefaultName');
       const fileName = `${documentName}.html`;
       downloadDocument(editorContent, fileName, "text/html");
     },
@@ -598,7 +600,6 @@ export default {
   color: #666;
   font-size: 14px;
 }
-
 .readonly-toolbar-text {
   font-weight: 500;
 }
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/editor/sidebar/Configurator.vue b/frontend/src/components/editor/sidebar/Configurator.vue
index cd59ef58f..c5922964c 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/editor/sidebar/Configurator.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/editor/sidebar/Configurator.vue
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 <template>
   <div class="card shadow mb-4 configurator">
     <div class="card-header bg-white">
-      <h3 class="card-title fw-bold mb-0">Placeholders</h3>
+      <h3 class="card-title fw-bold mb-0">{{ $t("sidebar.placeholders") }}</h3>
     </div>
     <div class="card-body p-0">
       <ul class="list-group list-group-flush">
@@ -17,12 +17,12 @@
               </div>
               <div class="d-flex flex-column">
                 <div class="d-flex align-items-center">
-                  <h5 class="mb-0 me-1">{{ placeholder.label }}</h5>
+                  <h5 class="mb-0 me-1">{{ $t(placeholder.label) }}</h5>
                   <FormHelp
                     :help="getPlaceholderHelp(placeholder.id)"
                   />
                 </div>
-                <p class="text-muted small mb-0 mt-1">{{ placeholder.description }}</p>
+                <p class="text-muted small mb-0 mt-1">{{ $t(placeholder.description) }}</p>
               </div>
             </div>
             <div class="d-flex align-items-center">
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
               <BasicButton
                 class="btn btn-primary btn-sm d-flex align-items-center"
                 icon="plus-lg"
-                text="Add"
+                :text="$t('common.add')"
                 @click="handlePlaceholderClick(placeholder)"
               />
             </div>
@@ -67,9 +67,9 @@ export default {
     return {
       isSidebarVisible: true,
       placeholders: [
-        { id: "text", label: "Text placeholder", text: "~text~", description: "Add text content blocks", icon: "bi bi-type" },
-        { id: "chart", label: "Single chart", text: "~chart~", description: "Visualize data with a chart", icon: "bi bi-bar-chart" },
-        { id: "comparison", label: "Comparison chart", text: "~comparison~", description: "Compare multiple data sets", icon: "bi bi-bar-chart-steps" },
+        { id: "text", label: "sidebar.textPlaceholder", text: "~text~", description: "sidebar.textPlaceholderDescription", icon: "bi bi-type" },
+        { id: "chart", label: "sidebar.singleChart", text: "~chart~", description: "sidebar.singleChartDescription", icon: "bi bi-bar-chart" },
+        { id: "comparison", label: "sidebar.comparisonChart", text: "~comparison~", description: "sidebar.comparisonChartDescription", icon: "bi bi-bar-chart-steps" },
       ],
       placeholderCounts: {
         text: 0,
@@ -92,9 +92,9 @@ export default {
   methods: {
     getPlaceholderHelp(placeholderId) {
       const longDescriptions = {
-        text: "Displays a single value from a previous editor step or NLP skill output. Use this when you want to show a specific piece of data (like a text field, number, or label) from an earlier step in your workflow.",
-        chart: "Displays a chart built from labels and values provided by previous steps or NLP skills. The chart will automatically visualize the data structure you've configured, making it easy to present numerical or categorical data visually.",
-        comparison: "Compares two data sources (e.g. two document versions or NLP outputs) and visualizes the result. This is useful for showing differences between versions, comparing outputs from different steps, or highlighting changes over time.",
+        text: this.$t("sidebar.textPlaceholderHelp"),
+        chart: this.$t("sidebar.singleChartHelp"),
+        comparison: this.$t("sidebar.comparisonChartHelp"),
       };
       return longDescriptions[placeholderId] || "";
     },
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/editor/sidebar/History.vue b/frontend/src/components/editor/sidebar/History.vue
index 94dc88d08..2208188ae 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/editor/sidebar/History.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/editor/sidebar/History.vue
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 <template>
   <div>
-    <h3 class="sidebar-title">Version History</h3>
+    <h3 class="sidebar-title">{{$t('sidebar.versionHistory')}}</h3>
     <div
       v-for="group in Object.keys(periodEdits)"
       :key="group"
     >
       <div v-if="periodEdits[group].length > 0">
-        <span class="small">{{ group }}</span>
+        <span class="small">{{ $t(`sidebar.periode.${group}`) }}</span>
         <ul class="list-group">
           <li
             v-for="editGroup in periodEdits[group]"
@@ -22,11 +22,11 @@
               <div class="ms-2 me-auto">
                 <div class="fw-bold">{{ constructString(editGroup) }}</div>
                 <div class="text-start">
-                  {{ editGroup[0].creator_name || "Anonymous User" }}
+                  {{ editGroup[0].creator_name || $t('sidebar.anonymousUser') }}
                   <span
                     v-if="editGroup.includes(currentVersion)"
                     class="current-badge"
-                    >Current Version</span
+                    >{{$t('sidebar.currentVersion')}}</span
                   >
                 </div>
                 <ul
@@ -42,13 +42,13 @@
                       @click="selectEdit(edit)"
                     >
                       <div class="edit-header-line">
-                        <strong>{{ new Date(edit.createdAt).toLocaleString() }}</strong>
+                        <strong>{{ formatLocalizedDateTime(edit.createdAt) }}</strong>
                       </div>
                       <div
                         v-if="currentVersion.id === edit.id"
                         class="current-version-body"
                       >
-                        <span class="current-badge">Current Version</span>
+                        <span class="current-badge">{{$t('sidebar.currentVersion')}}</span>
                       </div>
                     </a>
                   </li>
@@ -71,6 +71,8 @@
  *
  * @author Dennis Zyska, Juliane Bechert
  */
+import { formatLocalizedDateTime, formatLocalizedTime } from "@/assets/utils";
+
 export default {
   name: "SidebarHistory",
   inject: {
@@ -128,13 +130,13 @@ export default {
     },
     periodEdits() {
       const categories = {
-        "Today": [],
-        "Yesterday": [],
-        "This week": [],
-        "Last week": [],
-        "This month": [],
-        "Last month": [],
-        "Older": [],
+        today: [],
+        yesterday: [],
+        thisWeek: [],
+        lastWeek: [],
+        thisMonth: [],
+        lastMonth: [],
+        older: [],
       };
 
       if (this.groupedEdits.length === 0 || this.groupedEdits[0].length === 0) {
@@ -157,19 +159,19 @@ export default {
         const createdAt = new Date(firstEdit.createdAt);
 
         if (createdAt >= startOfToday) {
-          categories["Today"].push(group);
+          categories.today.push(group);
         } else if (createdAt >= startOfYesterday) {
-          categories["Yesterday"].push(group);
+          categories.yesterday.push(group);
         } else if (createdAt >= startOfThisWeek) {
-          categories["This week"].push(group);
+          categories.thisWeek.push(group);
         } else if (createdAt >= startOfLastWeek) {
-          categories["Last week"].push(group);
+          categories.lastWeek.push(group);
         } else if (createdAt >= startOfThisMonth) {
-          categories["This month"].push(group);
+          categories.thisMonth.push(group);
         } else if (createdAt >= startOfLastMonth) {
-          categories["Last month"].push(group);
+          categories.lastMonth.push(group);
         } else {
-          categories["Older"].push(group);
+          categories.older.push(group);
         }
       }
 
@@ -189,6 +191,7 @@ export default {
     this.eventBus.emit("editorSelectEdit", -1);
   },
   methods: {
+    formatLocalizedDateTime,
     selectEdit(edit) {
       this.eventBus.emit("editorSelectEdit", {
         documentId: this.documentId,
@@ -221,11 +224,11 @@ export default {
       const month2 = lastDate.getMonth() + 1;
       const day1 = firstDate.getDate();
       const day2 = lastDate.getDate();
-      const time1 = firstDate.toLocaleString().split(" ")[1];
-      const time2 = lastDate.toLocaleString().split(" ")[1];
+      const time1 = formatLocalizedTime(firstDate);
+      const time2 = formatLocalizedTime(lastDate);
 
       if (year1 !== year2 || month1 !== month2 || day1 !== day2) {
-        return `${firstDate.toLocaleString()} - ${lastDate.toLocaleString()}`;
+        return `${formatLocalizedDateTime(firstDate)} - ${formatLocalizedDateTime(lastDate)}`;
       } else {
         return `${day1}/${month1}/${year1}, ${time1} - ${time2}`;
       }
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/editor/sidebar/TemplateConfigurator.vue b/frontend/src/components/editor/sidebar/TemplateConfigurator.vue
index 3cd21fc28..5b01718a4 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/editor/sidebar/TemplateConfigurator.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/editor/sidebar/TemplateConfigurator.vue
@@ -2,16 +2,17 @@
     <div>
       <!-- Warning banner for invalid placeholders -->
       <div v-if="invalidPlaceholders.length > 0" class="alert alert-warning mb-3">
-        <strong>Warning:</strong> The following placeholders are not valid for {{ templateTypeName }} templates:
+        <strong>{{ $t("templates.placeholders.warning") }}</strong>
+        {{ $t("templates.placeholders.invalidPlaceholdersMessage", { templateType: templateTypeName }) }}
         <ul class="mb-0 mt-2">
           <li v-for="ph in invalidPlaceholders" :key="ph">~{{ ph }}~</li>
         </ul>
-        These placeholders will be ignored when the template is used.
+        {{ $t("templates.placeholders.invalidPlaceholdersIgnored") }}
       </div>
   
       <div class="card shadow mb-4 configurator">
         <div class="card-header bg-white">
-          <h3 class="card-title fw-bold mb-0">Placeholders</h3>
+          <h3 class="card-title fw-bold mb-0">{{ $t("sidebar.placeholders") }}</h3>
         </div>
         <div class="card-body p-0">
           <ul class="list-group list-group-flush">
@@ -27,7 +28,7 @@
                   </div>
                   <div class="d-flex flex-column">
                     <div class="d-flex align-items-center">
-                      <h5 class="mb-0 me-1">{{ placeholder.label }}<span v-if="placeholder.required" class="text-danger ms-1">*</span></h5>
+                      <h5 class="mb-0 me-1">{{ translateMaybeKey(placeholder.label) }}<span v-if="placeholder.required" class="text-danger ms-1">*</span></h5>
                       <FormHelp
                         v-if="placeholder.description"
                         :help="getPlaceholderHelp(placeholder)"
@@ -37,7 +38,7 @@
                       v-if="placeholder.description"
                       class="mb-0 text-muted"
                     >
-                      {{ placeholder.description }}
+                      {{ translateMaybeKey(placeholder.description) }}
                     </p>
                   </div>
                 </div>
@@ -46,7 +47,7 @@
                   <BasicButton
                     class="btn btn-primary btn-sm d-flex align-items-center"
                     icon="plus-lg"
-                    text="Add"
+                    :text="$t('common.add')"
                     @click="handlePlaceholderClick(placeholder)"
                   />
                 </div>
@@ -60,6 +61,7 @@
   
   <script>
   import FormHelp from "@/basic/form/Help.vue";
+  import { resolveApiMessage, translateMaybeKey } from "@/assets/utils";
   import BasicButton from "@/basic/Button.vue";
   /**
    * Template Configurator sidebar component
@@ -107,9 +109,17 @@
         return this.template?.type || null;
       },
       templateTypeName() {
-        if (!this.templateType) return "Unknown";
-        const types = { 1: "Email - General", 2: "Email - Study Session", 3: "Email - Assignment", 4: "Document - General", 5: "Document - Study", 6: "Email - Study Close", 7: "Email - Submission upload" };
-        return types[this.templateType] || "Unknown";
+        if (!this.templateType) return this.$t("common.unknown");
+        const types = {
+          1: this.$t("templates.types.emailGeneral"),
+          2: this.$t("templates.types.emailStudySession"),
+          3: this.$t("templates.types.emailAssignment"),
+          4: this.$t("templates.types.documentGeneral"),
+          5: this.$t("templates.types.documentStudy"),
+          6: this.$t("templates.types.emailStudyClose"),
+          7: this.$t("templates.types.emailSubmissionUpload"),
+        };
+        return types[this.templateType] || this.$t("common.unknown");
       },
       availablePlaceholders() {
         if (!this.templateType || !this.placeholderConfigs[this.templateType]) {
@@ -154,8 +164,8 @@
             }
           } else {
             this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-              title: "Failed to load placeholders",
-              message: result.message || "Unknown error",
+              title: this.$t("templates.placeholders.failedToLoad"),
+              message: resolveApiMessage(result),
               variant: "danger",
             });
           }
@@ -167,42 +177,18 @@
       this.eventBus.off("editorContentUpdated", this.editorContentHandler);
     },
     methods: {
+      translateMaybeKey,
+      // Help text lives in templates.json; derive key from description key in DB (same slug + placeholderKey).
       getPlaceholderHelp(placeholder) {
-        const type = this.templateType;
-        const key = placeholder.id;
-
-        const longDescriptions = {
-          1: { // Email - General
-            username: "The username of the person receiving the email. For password reset, verification, or registration emails this is the user whose account the email is about.",
-            firstName: "The first name of the person receiving the email.",
-            lastName: "The last name of the person receiving the email.",
-            link: "The URL included in the email (e.g. password reset, verification, or registration).",
-          },
-          2: { // Email - Study Session
-            username: "The person receiving this email. For session start and session finish notifications this is always the submission owner.",
-            link: "The URL to open the review (read-only). Used for session start and session finish.",
-          },
-          3: { // Email - Assignment
-            username: "The username of the reviewer who is assigned to the task.",
-            assignmentType: "How the work is assigned: \"document\" (review by document) or \"submission\" (review by submission).",
-            assignmentName: "The name of the assignment or study the reviewer is assigned to.",
-            link: "The URL for the reviewer to open and start their review session. They must use this link to begin the assigned task.",
-          },
-          6: { // Email - Study Close
-            username: "The username of the session owner who had an open session when the study was closed.",
-            studyName: "The name of the study that was closed.",
-          },
-          7: { // Email - Submission upload
-            username: "The person receiving this email (assignment owner or submitter).",
-            assignmentName: "The title of the assignment.",
-            eventType: "Lowercase sentence text: \"uploaded\" or \"reuploaded\".",
-            assignmentId: "Internal assignment ID.",
-            submissionId: "Internal submission ID.",
-            timestamp: "When the submission was uploaded.",
-          },
-        };
-
-        return (longDescriptions[type] && longDescriptions[type][key]) || placeholder.description;
+        const descriptionKey = placeholder.description;
+        if (typeof descriptionKey !== "string") {
+          return descriptionKey;
+        }
+        const helpKey = descriptionKey.replace(".descriptions.", ".help.");
+        if (this.$te(helpKey)) {
+          return this.$t(helpKey);
+        }
+        return translateMaybeKey(descriptionKey);
       },
       initializePlaceholderCounts() {
         const counts = {};
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/editor/template/TemplateEditor.vue b/frontend/src/components/editor/template/TemplateEditor.vue
index ade657dd7..83a50a05d 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/editor/template/TemplateEditor.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/editor/template/TemplateEditor.vue
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
         @hide="onNewLanguageModalHide"
       >
         <template #title>
-          New language
+          {{ $t("templates.editor.newLanguage") }}
         </template>
         <template #body>
           <!-- eslint-disable-next-line vue/no-v-html -->
@@ -37,12 +37,12 @@
         <template #footer>
           <BasicButton
             class="btn btn-outline-primary"
-            text="Create Empty"
+            :text="$t('templates.editor.createEmpty')"
             @click="chooseNewLanguageEmpty"
           />
           <BasicButton
             class="btn btn-primary"
-            text="Copy Content"
+            :text="$t('templates.editor.copyContent')"
             @click="chooseNewLanguageCopied"
           />
         </template>
@@ -68,14 +68,15 @@
   import {Editor} from "@/components/editor/editorStore.js";
   import Loader from "@/basic/Loading.vue";
   import BasicModal from "@/basic/Modal.vue";
+  import { resolveApiMessage } from "@/assets/utils";
   import BasicButton from "@/basic/Button.vue";
   
   const Delta = Quill.import('delta');
 
   const SUPPORTED_LANGUAGES = [
-    { code: "en", label: "English" },
-    { code: "de", label: "Deutsch" },
-    { code: "fr", label: "Français" },
+    { code: "en", labelKey: "common.languages.en" },
+    { code: "de", labelKey: "common.languages.de" },
+    { code: "fr", labelKey: "common.languages.fr" },
   ];
   
   export default {
@@ -374,8 +375,8 @@
               if (!res.success) {
                 quill.setContents(backup);
                 this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-                  title: "Previous edit failed; try again",
-                  message: res.message,
+                  title: this.$t("templates.editor.toasts.previousEditFailed"),
+                  message: resolveApiMessage(res),
                   variant: "danger",
                 });
               }
@@ -444,7 +445,7 @@
                 this.$emit("update:data", studyData);
               }
             } else {
-              this.handleTemplateError(res.error || { message: res.message || "Failed to load template" });
+              this.handleTemplateError(res.error || res || { message: this.$t("templates.editor.toasts.failedToLoadTemplate") });
             }
           }
         );
@@ -466,15 +467,16 @@
         const wrapper = document.createElement("span");
         wrapper.className = "ql-languageSelector ql-picker";
 
-        const currentLabel = SUPPORTED_LANGUAGES.find(l => l.code === this.selectedLanguage)?.label || this.selectedLanguage;
+        const currentLanguage = SUPPORTED_LANGUAGES.find(l => l.code === this.selectedLanguage);
+        const currentLabel = currentLanguage ? this.$t(currentLanguage.labelKey) : this.selectedLanguage;
         wrapper.innerHTML = `
-          <span class="ql-picker-label" title="Language">${currentLabel}
+          <span class="ql-picker-label" title="${this.$t("templates.editor.language")}">${currentLabel}
             <svg viewBox="0 0 18 18"><polygon class="ql-stroke" points="7 11 9 13 11 11 7 11"></polygon><polygon class="ql-stroke" points="7 7 9 5 11 7 7 7"></polygon></svg>
           </span>
           <span class="ql-picker-options">
             ${this.languageOptions.map(code => {
               const lang = SUPPORTED_LANGUAGES.find(l => l.code === code);
-              return `<span class="ql-picker-item" data-value="${code}">${lang ? lang.label : code}</span>`;
+              return `<span class="ql-picker-item" data-value="${code}">${lang ? this.$t(lang.labelKey) : code}</span>`;
             }).join("")}
           </span>
         `;
@@ -499,7 +501,7 @@
             if (labelEl) {
               const lang = SUPPORTED_LANGUAGES.find(l => l.code === value);
               const svg = labelEl.querySelector("svg");
-              labelEl.innerHTML = (lang ? lang.label : value) + (svg ? svg.outerHTML : "");
+              labelEl.innerHTML = (lang ? this.$t(lang.labelKey) : value) + (svg ? svg.outerHTML : "");
             }
             this.selectLanguage(value);
           });
@@ -522,7 +524,7 @@
         const label = this.languageSelectorEl?.querySelector('.ql-picker-label');
         if (label) {
           const lang = SUPPORTED_LANGUAGES.find(l => l.code === this.selectedLanguage);
-          const labelText = lang ? lang.label : this.selectedLanguage;
+          const labelText = lang ? this.$t(lang.labelKey) : this.selectedLanguage;
           const svg = label.querySelector("svg");
           label.innerHTML = labelText + (svg ? svg.outerHTML : "");
         }
@@ -535,7 +537,7 @@
         if (!optionsEl) return;
         optionsEl.innerHTML = this.languageOptions.map(code => {
           const lang = SUPPORTED_LANGUAGES.find(l => l.code === code);
-          return `<span class="ql-picker-item" data-value="${code}">${lang ? lang.label : code}</span>`;
+          return `<span class="ql-picker-item" data-value="${code}">${lang ? this.$t(lang.labelKey) : code}</span>`;
         }).join("");
         wrapper.querySelectorAll(".ql-picker-item").forEach(item => {
           item.addEventListener("click", (e) => {
@@ -546,7 +548,7 @@
             if (labelEl) {
               const lang = SUPPORTED_LANGUAGES.find(l => l.code === value);
               const svg = labelEl.querySelector("svg");
-              labelEl.innerHTML = (lang ? lang.label : value) + (svg ? svg.outerHTML : "");
+              labelEl.innerHTML = (lang ? this.$t(lang.labelKey) : value) + (svg ? svg.outerHTML : "");
             }
             this.selectLanguage(value);
           });
@@ -566,7 +568,7 @@
         const isNew = !this.availableLanguages.includes(value);
         if (isNew) {
           this.pendingNewLanguage = value;
-          this.newLanguageModalMessage = "A new language is being added for this template. Copy current content into this language?<br><br><strong>Leaving the current language will save the content in it.</strong>";
+          this.newLanguageModalMessage = this.$t("templates.editor.newLanguageMessage");
           this.$refs.newLanguageModal.openModal();
         } else {
           this.saveCurrentAndSwitchTo(value);
@@ -601,8 +603,8 @@
           (closeRes) => {
             if (!closeRes.success) {
               this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-                title: "Template save failed",
-                message: closeRes.message || "",
+                title: this.$t("templates.editor.toasts.templateSaveFailed"),
+                message: resolveApiMessage(closeRes),
                 variant: "danger"
               });
               return;
@@ -622,8 +624,8 @@
                   this.$nextTick(() => this.updateLanguageSelectorLabel());
                 } else {
                   this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-                    title: "Failed to add language",
-                    message: res.message || "",
+                    title: this.$t("templates.editor.toasts.failedToAddLanguage"),
+                    message: resolveApiMessage(res),
                     variant: "danger"
                   });
                 }
@@ -640,8 +642,8 @@
           (res) => {
             if (!res.success) {
               this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-                title: "Template save failed",
-                message: res.message || "",
+                title: this.$t("templates.editor.toasts.templateSaveFailed"),
+                message: resolveApiMessage(res),
                 variant: "danger"
               });
               return;
@@ -684,8 +686,8 @@
             this.emitContentForPlaceholders();
           } else {
             this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-              title: "No Cursor Position",
-              message: "Please click in the editor to set the cursor position before inserting a placeholder.",
+              title: this.$t("templates.editor.toasts.noCursorPosition.title"),
+              message: this.$t("templates.editor.toasts.noCursorPosition.message"),
               variant: "warning",
             });
           }
@@ -752,8 +754,8 @@
               if (!res.success) {
                 quill.setContents(backup);
                 this.eventBus.emit("toast", {
-                  title: "Previous edit failed; try again",
-                  message: res.message,
+                  title: this.$t("templates.editor.toasts.previousEditFailed"),
+                  message: resolveApiMessage(res),
                   variant: "danger",
                 });
               }
@@ -778,10 +780,10 @@
       },
       handleTemplateError(error) {
         this.eventBus.emit('toast', {
-          title: "Template error",
-          message: error.message,
-          variant: "danger"
-        });
+        title: this.$t("templates.editor.toasts.templateError"),
+        message: resolveApiMessage(error),
+        variant: "danger"
+      });
       },
     }
   };
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/stepmodal/StepModal.vue b/frontend/src/components/stepmodal/StepModal.vue
index 901f7f0cc..52c996342 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/stepmodal/StepModal.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/stepmodal/StepModal.vue
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
     <BasicModal
       ref="modal"
       :size="studyStep?.configuration?.settings?.modalSize"
-      :name="studyStep?.configuration?.name || 'Modal'"
+      :name="studyStep?.configuration?.name || $t('modals.modal')"
       :disable-keyboard="true"
       :remove-close="true"
     >
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
           class="modal-title"
           :class="studyStep?.configuration?.titleClass || 'text-primary'"
         >
-          {{ studyStep?.configuration?.title || 'Feedback' }}
+          {{ studyStep?.configuration?.title || $t('navigation.feedback') }}
         </h5>
       </template>  
       <template #body>
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
           :style="{ color: studyStep?.configuration?.textColor || '' }"
         >
           <p v-if="!documentText">
-            No content available for this step.
+            {{ $t('modals.noContentForThisStep') }}
           </p>
 
           <div v-else>
@@ -46,20 +46,20 @@
         <div v-if="!waiting">
           <BasicButton
             v-if="!isLastStep"
-            :title="studyStep?.configuration?.nextButtonText || 'Next'"
+            :title="studyStep?.configuration?.nextButtonText || $t('common.next')"
             @click="closeModal({ nextStep: true })"
           />
           <!-- Button for the last step -->
           <BasicButton
             v-if="isLastStep && !readOnly"
-            :title="studyStep?.configuration?.finishButtonText || 'Finish Study'"
+            :title="studyStep?.configuration?.finishButtonText || $t('modals.finishStudy')"
             :class="studyStep?.configuration?.finishButtonClass || 'btn btn-danger'"
             @click="closeModal({ endStudy: true })"
           />
           <!-- Button for the last step in read-only mode -->
           <BasicButton
             v-if="isAdmin && isLastStep && readOnly"
-            title="Export Study Data"
+            :title="$t('modals.exportStudyData')"
             class="btn me-1 btn-outline-secondary"
             icon="cloud-arrow-down"
             @click="exportStudyData"
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@
           <!-- Button for returning to the dashboard when in read-only mode -->
           <BasicButton
             v-if="isLastStep && readOnly"
-            :title="'Return to Studies'"
+            :title="$t('modals.returnToStudies')"
             :class="'btn btn-primary'"
             @click="$router.push('/dashboard/studies')"
           />
@@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ export default {
             quill.setContents(response.data.deltas);
             this.documentText = quill.root.innerHTML;
           } else {
-            this.documentText = "Failed to load the document content.";
+            this.documentText = this.$t('errors.documents.failedToLoadDocContent');
           }
           this.waiting = false;
         }
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/stepmodal/placeholders/Chart.vue b/frontend/src/components/stepmodal/placeholders/Chart.vue
index 7cd154a66..210d74238 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/stepmodal/placeholders/Chart.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/stepmodal/placeholders/Chart.vue
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 <template>
   <div class="chart-container">
     <canvas v-if="chartConfig" ref="chartCanvas"></canvas>
-    <p v-else class="text-muted"> ~ Placeholder data missing or invalid ~ </p>
+    <p v-else class="text-muted"> {{ $t('modals.placeholders.dataMissingOrInvalid') }} </p>
   </div>
 </template>
 
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ export default {
           labels,
           datasets: [
             {
-              label: this.config.label || 'Überarbeitung',
+              label: this.config.label || this.$t('modals.revisions.revision'),
               data: dataset,
               backgroundColor: '#EB7E47',
             },
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ export default {
             },
             title: {
               display: true,
-              text: this.config.title || 'Chart',
+              text: this.config.title || this.$t('modals.chart'),
             },
           },
           indexAxis: 'y',
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/stepmodal/placeholders/Comparison.vue b/frontend/src/components/stepmodal/placeholders/Comparison.vue
index 94c54f7ec..55ad4a55f 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/stepmodal/placeholders/Comparison.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/stepmodal/placeholders/Comparison.vue
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 <template>
   <div class="comparison-container">
     <Chart v-if="chartConfig" :config="chartConfig" />
-    <p v-else class="text-muted"> ~ Placeholder data missing or invalid ~ </p>
+    <p v-else class="text-muted"> {{ $t('modals.placeholders.dataMissingOrInvalid') }} </p>
   </div>
 </template>
 
@@ -56,12 +56,12 @@ export default {
           labels,
           datasets: [
             {
-              label: this.config.labels?.[0] || 'Überarbeitung 1',
+              label: this.config.labels?.[0] || this.$t('modals.revisions.revisionOne'),
               data: dataset1,
               backgroundColor: '#EB7E47',
             },
             {
-              label: this.config.labels?.[1] || 'Überarbeitung 2',
+              label: this.config.labels?.[1] || this.$t('modals.revisions.revisionTwo'),
               data: dataset2,
               backgroundColor: '#4BD0FF',
             }
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ export default {
             },
             title: {
               display: true,
-              text: this.config.title || 'Comparison Chart',
+              text: this.config.title || this.$t('modals.comparisonChart'),
             },
           },
           indexAxis: 'y',
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/stepmodal/placeholders/Text.vue b/frontend/src/components/stepmodal/placeholders/Text.vue
index e47829352..16543f847 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/stepmodal/placeholders/Text.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/stepmodal/placeholders/Text.vue
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 <template>
   <div class="text-placeholder">
     <p v-if="textContent">{{ textContent }}</p>
-    <p v-else class="text-muted"> ~ Placeholder data missing ~ </p>
+    <p v-else class="text-muted"> {{ $t('modals.placeholders.dataMissing') }} </p>
   </div>
 </template>
 
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/study/Assessment.vue b/frontend/src/components/study/Assessment.vue
index 13537a736..1dbca78a7 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/study/Assessment.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/study/Assessment.vue
@@ -3,20 +3,20 @@
     <div ref="assessmentSection" class="assessment-section">
       <div class="d-flex justify-content-between align-items-center mb-3">
         <div class="d-flex align-items-center gap-2">
-          <h4 class="mb-0">Assessment</h4>
+          <h4 class="mb-0">{{ $t('assessment.title') }}</h4>
           <span
               v-if="configuration && configuration.rubrics && configuration.rubrics.length"
               class="badge"
           >
-            {{ totalPoints }} / {{ totalMaxPoints }} P
+            {{ $t('assessment.totalPoints', { points: totalPoints, maxPoints: totalMaxPoints }) }}
           </span>
-          <span v-if="computedReadOnly" class="badge bg-secondary">Read Only</span>
+          <span v-if="computedReadOnly" class="badge bg-secondary">{{ $t('common.readOnly') }}</span>
         </div>
       </div>
 
       <div class="assessment-content-container">
         <div v-if="error" class="alert alert-danger">
-          <h6>Error</h6>
+          <h6>{{ $t('common.error') }}</h6>
           <p class="mb-0">{{ error }}</p>
         </div>
 
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@
         </div>
 
         <div v-else class="text-center py-4">
-          <h6>No Assessment Configuration available.</h6>
+          <h6>{{ $t('assessment.noConfiguration') }}</h6>
         </div>
       </div>
     </div>
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/study/FinishModal.vue b/frontend/src/components/study/FinishModal.vue
index b57766341..9f27ccd7f 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/study/FinishModal.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/study/FinishModal.vue
@@ -8,28 +8,28 @@
     name="studyFinish"
   >
     <template #title>
-      Finish Study
+      {{ $t('studies.finishStudy') }}
     </template>
     <template #body>
       <div v-if="finished">
         <div class="mb-3 text-center h4">
-          Thank you for your participation :-)
+          {{ $t('studies.thankYouParticipation') }}
         </div>
         <div class="mb-3 text-center h4">
-          You can close the browser now!
+          {{ $t('studies.canCloseBrowser') }}
         </div>
       </div>
       <div v-else>
         <div class="mb-3 text-center h5">
-          Thank you for joining! <br>
+          {{ $t('studies.thankYouJoining') }} <br>
           <br>
-          With a click on the finish button, you can submit your results.
+          {{ $t('studies.clickFinishToSubmit') }}
         </div>
         <div
           v-if="showTimeUp"
           class="text-center text-danger h6"
         >
-          The time has expired, no more changes are possible.
+          {{ $t('studies.timeExpired') }}
         </div>
       </div>
     </template>
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@
       <div v-if="finished">
         <BasicButton
           class="btn btn-primary"
-          text="Back to Dashboard"
+          :text="$t('studies.backToDashboard')"
           @click="toDashboard"
         />
       </div>
@@ -48,12 +48,12 @@
         <BasicButton
           v-if="closeable"
           class="btn btn-secondary"
-          title="Cancel"
+          :title="$t('common.cancel')"
           data-bs-dismiss="modal"
         />
         <BasicButton
           class="btn btn-success"
-          title="Finish study"
+          :title="$t('studies.finishStudy')"
           @click="finish"
         />
       </div>
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/study/LoadingModal.vue b/frontend/src/components/study/LoadingModal.vue
index 0da1b3f25..e5652160c 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/study/LoadingModal.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/study/LoadingModal.vue
@@ -15,16 +15,15 @@
       <div class="d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center" style="height: 200px;">
         <div v-if="documentData && nlpRequestsFailed">
           <div class="d-flex flex-column align-items-center">
-            <p class="text-danger">An error occurred while processing NLP results. Please try again or skip NLP
-              support.</p>
+            <p class="text-danger">{{ $t('studies.loading.nlpError') }}</p>
             <div class="d-flex gap-2">
               <BasicButton
-                  title="Try Again"
+                  :title="$t('studies.loading.buttons.tryAgain')"
                   class="btn btn-warning"
                   @click="retryNlpRequests"
               />
               <BasicButton
-                  title="Skip NLP Support"
+                  :title="$t('studies.loading.buttons.skip')"
                   class="btn btn-secondary"
                   @click="skipNlpSupport"
               />
@@ -33,7 +32,7 @@
         </div>
         <div v-else class="d-flex align-items-center">
           <div class="spinner-border" role="status">
-            <span class="visually-hidden">Loading...</span>
+            <span class="visually-hidden">{{ $t('common.loading') }}</span>
           </div>
           <span class="ms-3">{{ rotatingStatusText }}</span>
         </div>
@@ -119,21 +118,7 @@ export default {
       rotatingIndex: 0,
       documentData: null,
       nlpRequests: {},
-      rotatingMessages: [
-        "Thinking through your request...",
-        "Almost there, just refining the details...",
-        "Gathering the best possible answer...",
-        "Just a few more moments, precision takes time...",
-        "Working on something smart for you...",
-        "One moment... I'm thinking faster than it looks...",
-        "Just aligning a few neurons...",
-        "Spinning up some linguistic magic...",
-        "Your request is traveling through a billion neurons...",
-        "Looking around corners for edge cases...",
-        "Running a quick plausibility pass...",
-        "Consulting the wisdom of the crowd...",
-        "Almost ready...",
-      ],
+      rotatingMessages: this.$tm('studies.loading.messages'),
     }
   },
   computed: {
@@ -191,24 +176,18 @@ export default {
     },
     modalTitle() {
       if (this.error) {
-        return "Error Loading Study Step";
+        return this.$t('studies.loading.errorTitle');
       }
-
-      // Still fetching the document data
       if (!this.documentData) {
-        return "Loading Study Step";
+        return this.$t('studies.loading.title');
       }
-
       if (this.nlpRequestsInProgress) {
-        return "Processing NLP Requests";
+        return this.$t('studies.loading.processingTitle');
       }
-
-      // NLP services active
       if (this.nlpRequestsFailed) {
-        return "NLP Requests Failed";
+        return this.$t('studies.loading.failedTitle');
       }
-
-      return "Study Step Ready";
+      return this.$t('studies.loading.readyTitle');
     }
   },
   watch: {
@@ -274,7 +253,7 @@ export default {
               }
             } else {
               this.error = true;
-              this.errorMessage = response.message || 'An error occurred while loading the study step.';
+              this.errorMessage = response.message || this.$t('studies.loading.generalError');
 
               this.$nextTick(() => {
                 if (this.$refs.modal) {
@@ -284,7 +263,7 @@ export default {
               
               this.$emit('error', {
                 code: response.code || 'UNKNOWN_ERROR',
-                message: response.message || 'An error occurred while loading the study step.'
+                message: response.message || this.$t('studies.loading.generalError')
               });
 
             }
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/study/ReportItem.vue b/frontend/src/components/study/ReportItem.vue
index 11fe1f419..b39f65b41 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/study/ReportItem.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/study/ReportItem.vue
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
     v-else
     id="emptyText"
   >
-    (no text)
+    {{$t('report.noText')}}
   </a>
   <BasicButton
     id="cite"
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
     class="btn btn-link btn-sm"
     data-placement="top"
     data-toggle="tooltip"
-    :text="citation ? `(ref. ${citation})` : '(show)'"
+    :text="citation ? $t('report.ref', {citation}) : $t('report.show')"
     @click="show()"
   />
 </template>
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/study/ReportModal.vue b/frontend/src/components/study/ReportModal.vue
index e5b5fda40..9486223b4 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/study/ReportModal.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/study/ReportModal.vue
@@ -7,14 +7,14 @@
     xl
   >
     <template #title>
-      Review Report
+      {{$t('report.reviewReport')}}
     </template>
     <template #body>
       <p v-if="reportItems.length + noteItems.length === 0">
-        Empty report -- no annotations or comments found.
+        {{$t('report.emptyReport')}}
       </p>
       <div v-else>
-        <h2>General Comments</h2>
+        <h2>{{$t('report.generalComments')}}</h2>
         <ul>
           <li
             v-for="n in noteItems"
@@ -49,20 +49,19 @@
             </li>
           </template>
           <li v-else>
-            No comments.
+            {{$t('report.noComments')}}
           </li>
         </ul>
         <!-- Add page notes -->
       </div>
       <p id="footnote">
-        *Tip: Hover over a reference to see the referenced text or click to view the annotation in the
-        PDF.
+        {{$t('report.tip')}}
       </p>
     </template>
     <template #footer>
       <BasicButton
         class="btn btn-primary"
-        text="Close"
+        :text="$t('common.close')"
         data-bs-dismiss="modal"
       />
     </template>
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/study/ReviewModal.vue b/frontend/src/components/study/ReviewModal.vue
index d3d878e41..876a97e73 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/study/ReviewModal.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/study/ReviewModal.vue
@@ -6,12 +6,12 @@
     name="studyReview"
   >
     <template #title>
-      Evaluate this session
+      {{$t('review.evaluateSession')}}
     </template>
     <template #body>
       <div v-if="studySession.end === null">
         <div class="mb-3 text-center h5">
-          This session is not finished yet, please wait until the session is closed!
+          {{$t('review.sessionNotFinishedYet')}}
         </div>
       </div>
       <div v-else>
@@ -20,20 +20,20 @@
             v-if="studySession.reviewUserId === userId"
             class="mb-3 text-center h5"
           >
-            <div>Thank you for evaluating this session!</div>
+            <div>{{$t('review.thankYouForEvaluating')}}</div>
           </div>
           <div
             v-else
             class="mb-3 text-center h5"
           >
-            This session is already evaluated.
+            {{$t('review.sessionAlreadyEvaluated')}}
           </div>
         </div>
         <div v-else>
           <div class="mb-3 text-center h5">
-            Make a decision based on this study session.
+            {{$t('review.makeDecision')}}
           </div>
-          <label class="form-label">Comment</label>
+          <label class="form-label">{{$t('review.comment')}}</label>
           <textarea
             v-model="comment"
             class="form-control"
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@
         <BasicButton
           class="btn btn-primary"
           data-bs-dismiss="modal"
-          title="Close"
+          :title="$t('common.close')"
         />
       </div>
       <div
@@ -55,12 +55,12 @@
       >
         <BasicButton
           class="btn btn-danger"
-          title="Decline"
+          :title="$t('common.decline')"
           @click="evaluate(0)"
         />
         <BasicButton
           class="btn btn-success"
-          title="Acceptance"
+          :title="$t('review.acceptance')"
           @click="evaluate(1)"
         />
       </div>
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/study/StudyModal.vue b/frontend/src/components/study/StudyModal.vue
index ea5dce923..82070af1f 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/study/StudyModal.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/study/StudyModal.vue
@@ -9,10 +9,10 @@
   >
     <template #title>
       <span v-if="showSessions">
-        Open Sessions for study: {{ study.name }}
+        {{ $t('studies.openSessionsForStudy', { name: study.name }) }}
       </span>
       <span v-else-if="studyId !== 0">
-        <span>Study:</span> {{ study.name }}
+        <span>{{ $t('studies.study') }}:</span> {{ study.name }}
       </span>
     </template>
     <template #body>
@@ -34,24 +34,23 @@
         <div
             v-if="foreignUnstartedSession"
             class="text-xxl-center text-danger fs-5">
-          This study session has not been started yet and belongs to another user.
+          {{ $t('studies.foreignUnstartedSession') }}
           <br>
-          You cannot start or resume this session.
+          {{ $t('studies.cannotResumeSession') }}
         </div>
         <div
             v-else-if="!started"
             class="text-xxl-center text-secondary fs-5">
-          The study has not started yet! <br>
-          Start: {{ new Date(study.start).toLocaleString() }}</div>
+          {{ $t('studies.notStartedYet') }} <br>
+          {{ $t('studies.messages.studyStartDate', { date: new Date(study.start).toLocaleString() }) }}</div>
         <div
             v-else-if="studyClosed"
             class="text-xxl-center text-danger fs-5">
-          This study has finished on
-          {{ studyEnd }}</div>
+          {{ $t('studies.messages.studyFinished', { date: studyEnd }) }}</div>
         <div
             v-else-if="!sessionsAvailable && studySessionId === 0"
             class="text-xxl-center text-danger fs-5">
-          No more sessions available for this study.
+          {{ $t('studies.noMoreSessions') }}
         </div>
         <span v-else>
           <Editor
@@ -61,7 +60,7 @@
               class="ql-snow ql-container border"
           />
           <div v-else>
-            Click "Start User Study" to start the user study.
+            {{ $t('studies.clickToStart') }}
           </div>
           <div v-if="study.timeLimit > 0 || study.collab">
             <hr>
@@ -70,19 +69,19 @@
               v-if="study.timeLimit > 0"
               class="mt-1"
           >
-            Please note that there is a time limitation of {{ study.timeLimit }} min for this study!
+            {{ $t('studies.messages.timeLimitNote', { minutes: study.timeLimit }) }}
           </div>
           <div
               v-if="study.collab"
               class="mt-1"
           >
-            This is a <b>collaborative</b> user study, so everyone can join and proceed with this study simultaneously!
+            {{ $t('studies.collaborativeNote') }}
           </div>
           <div
               v-if="studySessionId === 0 && study.limitSessionsPerUser > 0"
               class="mt-1"
           >
-            You have <b> {{ study.limitSessionsPerUser - totalNumberOfOpenedSessions }} sessions </b> left for this study.
+            {{ $t('studies.messages.sessionsLeft', { count: study.limitSessionsPerUser - totalNumberOfOpenedSessions }) }}
           </div>
         </span>
       </span>
@@ -90,7 +89,7 @@
     <template #footer>
       <BasicButton
           class="btn btn-outline-secondary"
-          text="Return to dashboard"
+          :text="$t('studies.returnToDashboard')"
           @click="$router.push('/dashboard')"
       />
       <vr/>
@@ -100,7 +99,7 @@
       >
         <BasicButton
             class="btn btn-primary"
-            text="Back"
+            :text="$t('common.back')"
             @click="showSessions=!showSessions"
         />
       </div>
@@ -115,15 +114,15 @@
         >
           <span class="position-absolute top-0 start-0 translate-middle badge rounded-pill bg-dark">
             {{ studySessions.length }}
-            <span class="visually-hidden">open sessions</span>
+            <span class="visually-hidden">{{ $t('studies.openSessionsSmall') }}</span>
           </span>
-          Open Sessions
+          {{ $t('studies.openSessionsBig') }}
         </BasicButton>
         <BasicButton
             v-if="studyId !== 0 && !foreignUnstartedSession"
             :disabled="!available"
             class="btn btn-primary"
-            :text="study.collab ? 'Join Study' : 'Start Study'"
+            :text="study.collab ? $t('studies.joinStudy') : $t('studies.startStudy')"
             @click="start"
         />
       </div>
@@ -136,6 +135,7 @@ import Modal from "@/basic/Modal.vue";
 import Loader from "@/basic/Loading.vue";
 import BasicTable from "@/basic/Table.vue";
 import Editor from "@/basic/editor/Editor.vue";
+import { resolveApiMessage } from "@/assets/utils";
 import BasicButton from "@/basic/Button.vue";
 
 /**
@@ -181,31 +181,33 @@ export default {
         small: false,
         pagination: 10,
         search: true
-      },
-      sessionTableColumns: [
-        {name: "Started", key: "startParsed"},
+      }
+    }
+  },
+  computed: {
+    sessionTableColumns() {
+      return [
+        {name: this.$t('studies.columns.started'), key: "startParsed"},
         {
-          name: "Finished",
+          name: this.$t('studies.columns.finished'),
           key: "finished",
           type: "badge",
           typeOptions: {
-            keyMapping: {true: "Yes", false: "No"},
+            keyMapping: {true: this.$t('common.yes'), false: this.$t('common.no')},
             classMapping: {true: "bg-success", false: "bg-danger"}
           }
         },
         {
-          name: "Resumable",
+          name: this.$t('studies.columns.resumable'),
           key: "resumable",
           type: "badge",
           typeOptions: {
-            keyMapping: {true: "Yes", false: "No"},
+            keyMapping: {true: this.$t('common.yes'), false: this.$t('common.no')},
             classMapping: {true: "bg-success", false: "bg-danger"}
           }
         }
-      ]
-    }
-  },
-  computed: {
+      ];
+    },
     study() {
       if (this.studyId !== 0) {
         return this.$store.getters['table/study/get'](this.studyId)
@@ -243,7 +245,7 @@ export default {
           filter: [
             {key: "showResumeButton", value: true},
           ],
-          title: "Resume session",
+          title: this.$t('studies.resumeSession'),
           action: "resumeStudySession",
         },
         {
@@ -258,7 +260,7 @@ export default {
           filter: [
             {key: "showStartButton", value: true}
           ],
-          title: "Start session",
+          title: this.$t('studies.startSession'),
           action: "startStudySession",
           stats: {
             studySessionId: "id",
@@ -276,7 +278,7 @@ export default {
           filter: [
             {key: "finished", value: false}
           ],
-          title: "Finish session",
+          title: this.$t('studies.finishSession'),
           action: "finishSession",
           stats: {
             studySessionId: "id",
@@ -291,7 +293,7 @@ export default {
             .map(s => {
               let session = {...s}
               session.resumable = this.study.resumable;
-              session.startParsed = session.start ? new Date(session.start).toLocaleString() : 'Session has not started yet';
+              session.startParsed = session.start ? new Date(session.start).toLocaleString() : this.$t('studies.sessionNotStarted');
               session.finished = session.end !== null
               session.showResumeButton = session.resumable && session.start && !this.studyClosed;
               session.showStartButton = !session.start && !this.studyClosed;
@@ -360,14 +362,14 @@ export default {
               this.$emit("start", {studySessionId: response.data.id});
               this.$refs.modal.close();
               this.eventBus.emit('toast', {
-                title: "Study started",
-                message: "Enjoy!",
+                title: this.$t('studies.messages.studyStarted'),
+                message: this.$t('studies.messages.enjoy'),
                 variant: "success"
               });
             } else {
               this.eventBus.emit('toast', {
-                title: "Study cannot be started!",
-                message: response.message,
+                title: this.$t('errors.studies.studyCannotStart'),
+                message: resolveApiMessage(response),
                 variant: "danger"
               });
             }
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/study/assessment/AssessmentCriteria.vue b/frontend/src/components/study/assessment/AssessmentCriteria.vue
index 37da080b4..55d2025ef 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/study/assessment/AssessmentCriteria.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/study/assessment/AssessmentCriteria.vue
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
           />
         </span>
         <span class="criterion-name">
-          {{ criterion.name || 'Unnamed criterion' }}
+          {{ criterion.name || $t('assessment.criteria.unnamedCriterion') }}
         </span>
       </div>
 
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@
         <span
             class="badge"
             :class="(readOnly || isSaved) ? 'bg-success' : 'bg-secondary'"
+            :title="`isSaved: ${isSaved}`"
         >
           {{ displayScore }} P
         </span>
@@ -45,12 +46,12 @@
         class="criterion-assessment mt-2 px-3 pb-2"
     >
       <div class="assessment-text">
-        <strong>Justification:</strong>
+        <strong>{{ $t('assessment.criteria.justification') }}</strong>
 
         <!-- Read-only view -->
         <div v-if="!isEditing" class="assessment-content">
           <p class="mb-0 mt-1">
-            {{ state.assessment || 'No justification provided' }}
+            {{ state.assessment || $t('assessment.criteria.noJustification') }}
           </p>
         </div>
 
@@ -61,7 +62,7 @@
                 ref="assessmentTextarea"
                 v-model="localAssessment"
                 class="form-control assessment-textarea"
-                placeholder="Edit the justification..."
+                :placeholder="$t('assessment.criteria.editPlaceholder')"
                 :rows="getTextareaRows(localAssessment)"
                 :disabled="readOnly"
                 @input="autoResizeTextarea"
@@ -81,7 +82,7 @@
             <BasicButton
                 v-if="!readOnly"
                 class="btn-outline-primary btn-sm"
-                title="Edit"
+                :title="$t('assessment.criteria.edit')"
                 text=""
                 icon="pen"
                 :props="{ criterionName: criterion.name }"
@@ -93,7 +94,7 @@
             <select
                 v-model.number="scoreProxy"
                 class="form-select form-select-sm score-dropdown"
-                title="Change score"
+                :title="$t('assessment.criteria.changeScore')"
             >
               <!-- Use scoring list if present -->
               <template v-if="hasScoringList">
@@ -120,7 +121,7 @@
 
             <BasicButton
                 :class="['btn-sm', isSaved ? 'btn-success' : 'btn-primary']"
-                :title="isSaved ? 'Assessment saved' : 'Save assessment'"
+                :title="isSaved ? $t('assessment.criteria.saved') : $t('assessment.criteria.save')"
                 text=""
                 icon="floppy"
                 :props="{ criterionName: criterion.name }"
@@ -134,7 +135,7 @@
           <BasicButton
               v-if="!readOnly"
               class="btn-primary btn-sm"
-              title="Save"
+              :title="$t('assessment.criteria.saveEdit')"
               text=""
               icon="floppy"
               :props="{ criterionName: criterion.name }"
@@ -143,7 +144,7 @@
           <BasicButton
               v-if="!readOnly"
               class="btn-secondary btn-sm"
-              title="Cancel"
+              :title="$t('assessment.criteria.cancel')"
               text=""
               icon="x-lg"
               :props="{ criterionName: criterion.name }"
@@ -299,6 +300,7 @@ export default {
         isEditing: false,
         isSaved: false,
       };
+      this.$emit("saved-and-next");
     },
     cancelEdit() {
       if (this.readOnly) return;
@@ -314,7 +316,6 @@ export default {
         ...this.state,
         isSaved: true,
       };
-      this.$emit("saved-and-next");
     },
     getTextareaRows(text) {
       if (!text) return 3;
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/study/assessment/AssessmentRubric.vue b/frontend/src/components/study/assessment/AssessmentRubric.vue
index ec0bfd2aa..c57cb265b 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/study/assessment/AssessmentRubric.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/study/assessment/AssessmentRubric.vue
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
             :size="16"
             class="me-2"
         />
-        <span class="fw-bold">{{ rubric.name || 'Unnamed rubric' }}</span>
+        <span class="fw-bold">{{ rubric.name || $t("assessment.rubric.unnamedRubric") }}</span>
       </div>
 
       <div class="d-flex align-items-center">
@@ -42,9 +42,9 @@
         <span
             class="badge"
             :class="isGroupSaved ? 'bg-success' : 'bg-secondary'"
-            :title="`Rubric: ${groupScore} / ${groupMax} P`"
+            :title="$t('assessment.rubric.scoreTitle', { score: groupScore, max: groupMax })"
         >
-          {{ groupScore }} P
+          {{ $t("assessment.rubric.scoreBadge", { score: groupScore }) }}
         </span>
       </div>
     </div>
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@
             v-if="!rubric.criteria || rubric.criteria.length === 0"
             class="text-muted px-2 py-1"
         >
-          No criteria defined for this rubric.
+          {{ $t("assessment.rubric.noCriteria") }}
         </div>
       </div>
     </div>
diff --git a/frontend/src/main.js b/frontend/src/main.js
index c5a7c9aac..93e9125c2 100644
--- a/frontend/src/main.js
+++ b/frontend/src/main.js
@@ -14,6 +14,21 @@ const app = Vue.createApp({
     render: () => Vue.h(App)
 });
 
+
+import { createI18n } from 'vue-i18n'
+import i18nBundles from '@i18n/i18n-bundles.js'
+import { DEFAULT_LOCALE, getInitialLocale } from '@/assets/locale.js'
+
+export const i18n = createI18n({
+  legacy: true,
+  globalInjection: true,
+  locale: getInitialLocale(),
+  fallbackLocale: DEFAULT_LOCALE,
+  messages: i18nBundles,
+});
+
+app.use(i18n);
+
 // activate devtools in development mode
  
 if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {
diff --git a/frontend/src/store/modules/auth.js b/frontend/src/store/modules/auth.js
index bd9986b04..fb8b0d5d0 100644
--- a/frontend/src/store/modules/auth.js
+++ b/frontend/src/store/modules/auth.js
@@ -96,7 +96,22 @@ export default {
                 return true;
             }
             return getters.getUserRights.includes(right);
-        }
+        },
+
+        /**
+         * Whether the logged-in user may not change UI language (restriction right, not a permission).
+         *
+         * @param {Object} state
+         * @param {Object} getters
+         * @returns {boolean} `true` if language selection is disabled, otherwise `false`
+         */
+        isLanguageSelectionDisabled: (state, getters) => {
+            if (getters.isAdmin) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            const rights = getters.getUserRights;
+            return Array.isArray(rights) && rights.includes("frontend.preferences.disableLanguageSelection");
+        },
     },
     mutations: {
         /**
diff --git a/frontend/vite.config.js b/frontend/vite.config.js
index 7d15dd2f2..edb5e162f 100644
--- a/frontend/vite.config.js
+++ b/frontend/vite.config.js
@@ -58,6 +58,7 @@ export default defineConfig({
         preserveSymlinks: true,
         alias: {
             "@": fileURLToPath(new URL("./src", import.meta.url)),
+            "@i18n": fileURLToPath(new URL("../utils/modules/i18n", import.meta.url)),
         },
     },
     build: {
diff --git a/utils/modules/i18n/de/annotator.json b/utils/modules/i18n/de/annotator.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..54a216e40
--- /dev/null
+++ b/utils/modules/i18n/de/annotator.json
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+{
+    "documentNote": "Dokumentnotiz",
+    "createdByUser": "Erstellt von Benutzer {userId}",
+    "messages": {
+        "unsavedAnnotations": "Nicht gespeicherte Anmerkungen",
+        "unsavedAnnotationsWarning": "Sind Sie sicher, dass Sie den Annotator verlassen möchten? Ungespeicherte Änderungen gehen verloren."
+    },
+    "annotations": "Anmerkungen",
+    "submitReview": "Überprüfung einreichen",
+    "report": "Bericht",
+    "accept": "Akzeptieren",
+    "reject": "Ablehnen",
+    "hideStudyComments": "Studienkommentare ausblenden",
+    "showStudyComments": "Studienkommentare anzeigen",
+    "deactivateNlpSupport": "NLP-Unterstützung deaktivieren",
+    "activateNlpSupport": "NLP-Unterstützung aktivieren",
+    "downloadAnnotations": "Anmerkungen herunterladen",
+    "documentSubscribeError": "Dokumentabonnement-Fehler",
+    "replies": "Antworten",
+    "pdfPage": {
+        "loadingPage": "Seite {pageNumber} wird geladen"
+    },
+    "readOnlyMode": "Schreibgeschützter Modus",
+    "annotationsViewOnly": "Annotationen können nur angezeigt werden",
+    "card": {
+        "markedCheckedClickToUncheck": "Als geprüft markiert - Klicken zum Abwählen",
+        "clickToMarkChecked": "Klicken, um als geprüft zu markieren"
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/utils/modules/i18n/de/assessment.json b/utils/modules/i18n/de/assessment.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..49cfec4a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/utils/modules/i18n/de/assessment.json
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+{
+    "title": "Bewertung",
+    "noConfiguration": "Keine Bewertungskonfiguration verfügbar.",
+    "totalPoints": "{points} / {maxPoints} Pkt.",
+    "criteria": {
+        "unnamedCriterion": "Unbenanntes Kriterium",
+        "justification": "Begründung:",
+        "noJustification": "Keine Begründung angegeben",
+        "editPlaceholder": "Begründung bearbeiten...",
+        "edit": "Bearbeiten",
+        "changeScore": "Punktzahl ändern",
+        "saved": "Bewertung gespeichert",
+        "save": "Bewertung speichern",
+        "saveEdit": "Speichern",
+        "cancel": "Abbrechen"
+    },
+    "rubric": {
+        "unnamedRubric": "Unbenanntes Bewertungsschema",
+        "noCriteria": "Keine Kriterien für dieses Bewertungsschema definiert.",
+        "scoreTitle": "Rubric: {score} / {max} Pkt",
+        "scoreBadge": "{score} Pkt"
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/utils/modules/i18n/de/assignments.json b/utils/modules/i18n/de/assignments.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..520c8b468
--- /dev/null
+++ b/utils/modules/i18n/de/assignments.json
@@ -0,0 +1,211 @@
+{
+  "fields": {
+    "name": {
+      "label": "Assignment-Name:",
+      "placeholder": "Assignment 1"
+    },
+    "description": {
+      "label": "Beschreibung:",
+      "help": "Optionale Beschreibung für dieses Assignment."
+    },
+    "maxRevisions": {
+      "label": "Maximale Revisionen:",
+      "help": "Maximale Anzahl erlaubter Revisionskopien für dieses Assignment. Ganz nach rechts für unbegrenzt.",
+      "unit": "Revision(en)",
+      "unlimitedLabel": "unbegrenzt"
+    },
+    "start": {
+      "label": "Startzeit:"
+    },
+    "end": {
+      "label": "Endzeit:"
+    },
+    "validationConfigurationId": {
+      "label": "Validierungskonfiguration:",
+      "help": "Validierung wird vor dem Submission-Upload angewendet."
+    },
+    "allowReUpload": {
+      "label": "Erneutes Hochladen erlauben:",
+      "help": "Wenn aktiviert, können Nutzer hochgeladene Submissions ersetzen oder löschen."
+    },
+    "notifyOnSubmissionUpload": {
+      "label": "Bei Submission-Upload benachrichtigen:",
+      "help": "Wenn aktiviert, wird eine E-Mail gesendet, wenn ein Studierender eine Submission hochlädt oder erneut hochlädt."
+    }
+  },
+  "dashboard": {
+    "buttons": {
+      "addAssignment": "Assignment hinzufügen"
+    },
+    "columns": {
+      "submissionStatus": "Submission-Status",
+      "assignedTo": "Zugewiesen an",
+      "maxRevisions": "Max. Revisionen",
+      "disable": "Deaktivieren",
+      "allowReUpload": "Erneutes Hochladen erlauben",
+      "parentAssignmentId": "Übergeordnetes Assignment"
+    },
+    "status": {
+      "notStarted": "Noch nicht gestartet",
+      "open": "Offen",
+      "closed": "Geschlossen"
+    },
+    "actions": {
+      "editAssignment": "Assignment bearbeiten",
+      "deleteAssignment": "Assignment löschen",
+      "inspectSubmissions": "Submissions anzeigen",
+      "toggleDisable": "Deaktivierung umschalten",
+      "copyAssignment": "Assignment kopieren",
+      "closeAssignment": "Assignment schließen"
+    },
+    "fallback": {
+      "userLabel": "Benutzer {id}"
+    },
+    "confirm": {
+      "close": {
+        "title": "Assignment schließen",
+        "message": "Möchten Sie dieses Assignment wirklich schließen?"
+      },
+      "delete": {
+        "title": "Assignment löschen",
+        "message": "Möchten Sie dieses Assignment wirklich löschen?"
+      }
+    },
+    "toasts": {
+      "noPermissionEdit": "Sie haben keine Berechtigung, Assignments zu bearbeiten.",
+      "noPermissionClose": "Sie haben keine Berechtigung, Assignments zu schließen.",
+      "noPermissionDisable": "Sie haben keine Berechtigung, dieses Assignment zu deaktivieren.",
+      "noPermissionDelete": "Sie haben keine Berechtigung, Assignments zu löschen.",
+      "closeSuccess": {
+        "title": "Assignment geschlossen",
+        "message": "Das Assignment wurde geschlossen."
+      },
+      "closeFailed": "Schließen fehlgeschlagen",
+      "updateSuccess": {
+        "title": "Assignment aktualisiert",
+        "message": "Assignment ist jetzt {state}."
+      },
+      "updateFailed": "Aktualisierung fehlgeschlagen",
+      "deleteSuccess": {
+        "title": "Assignment gelöscht",
+        "message": "Das Assignment wurde gelöscht"
+      },
+      "deleteFailed": "Assignment konnte nicht gelöscht werden",
+      "copyFailed": {
+        "title": "Assignment konnte nicht kopiert werden",
+        "message": "Das ursprüngliche Assignment wurde nicht gefunden."
+      },
+      "revisionLimitReached": {
+        "title": "Revisionslimit erreicht",
+        "message": "Sie haben die maximale Anzahl an Revisionen ({count}) erreicht."
+      },
+      "uploadNotAllowed": {
+        "title": "Upload nicht erlaubt",
+        "message": "Submissions sind für dieses Assignment geschlossen.",
+        "messageAdmin": "Submissions sind für dieses Assignment geschlossen. Nur Admins können jetzt hochladen."
+      }
+    },
+    "submissions": {
+      "activeTitle": "Aktive Assignments",
+      "noActive": "Sie haben keine aktiven Assignments.",
+      "closedTitle": "Geschlossene Assignments",
+      "noClosed": "Sie haben keine geschlossenen Assignments.",
+      "noDueDate": "kein Fälligkeitsdatum"
+    },
+    "modal": {
+      "submitText": "Assignment speichern",
+      "assignMode": {
+        "roles": "Rollen",
+        "users": "Benutzer"
+      },
+      "step1": {
+        "rolesHint": "Wählen Sie eine oder mehrere Rollen für dieses Assignment aus.",
+        "usersHint": "Wählen Sie einen oder mehrere Benutzer für dieses Assignment aus."
+      },
+      "steps": {
+        "userRoles": "Benutzerrollen",
+        "assignment": "Assignment"
+      },
+      "columns": {
+        "role": "Rolle"
+      },
+      "titles": {
+        "copy": "Assignment kopieren",
+        "edit": "Assignment bearbeiten",
+        "new": "Neues Assignment"
+      },
+      "toasts": {
+        "saveFailed": "Assignment konnte nicht gespeichert werden",
+        "saveSuccess": {
+          "title": "Assignment gespeichert",
+          "messageUpdated": "Assignment wurde erfolgreich aktualisiert.",
+          "messageCreated": "Assignment wurde erfolgreich erstellt."
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "uploadModal": {
+      "assignmentDescriptionHeading": "Assignment-Beschreibung",
+      "noDescription": "Keine Beschreibung vorhanden.",
+      "steps": {
+        "assignment": "Assignment"
+      },
+      "fields": {
+        "name": {
+          "label": "Submission-Name",
+          "placeholder": "Submission-Namen eingeben"
+        },
+        "description": {
+          "label": "Submission-Beschreibung",
+          "placeholder": "Kurze Beschreibung hinzufügen"
+        }
+      },
+      "toasts": {
+        "missingUser": {
+          "title": "Benutzer fehlt",
+          "message": "Für diese Submission wurde kein Benutzer ausgewählt."
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "submissionsModal": {
+      "title": "Submissions für {title}",
+      "revisionLimitWarning": "Maximale Anzahl an Revisionen ({count}) erreicht.",
+      "fallbackAssignmentTitle": "Assignment #{id}"
+    },
+    "submissionsTable": {
+      "columns": {
+        "name": "Submission-Name",
+        "studyUsageCount": "Verwendet in Studien"
+      },
+      "actions": {
+        "replace": "Submission ersetzen",
+        "delete": "Submission löschen"
+      },
+      "toasts": {
+        "documentFetchFailed": "Dokument konnte nicht abgerufen werden",
+        "replaceNotAllowed": {
+          "title": "Ersetzen nicht erlaubt",
+          "message": "Diese Submission kann nicht ersetzt werden, da ein oder mehrere Dokumente in Studien verwendet werden."
+        },
+        "replaceFailed": {
+          "title": "Ersetzen fehlgeschlagen",
+          "message": "Assignment-ID für diese Submission fehlt."
+        },
+        "deleteNotAllowed": {
+          "title": "Löschen nicht erlaubt",
+          "message": "Diese Submission kann nicht gelöscht werden, da ein oder mehrere Dokumente in Studien verwendet werden."
+        },
+        "deleteSuccess": {
+          "title": "Submission gelöscht",
+          "message": "Die Submission wurde gelöscht"
+        },
+        "deleteFailed": "Submission konnte nicht gelöscht werden"
+      },
+      "confirm": {
+        "delete": {
+          "title": "Submission löschen",
+          "message": "Möchten Sie diese Submission wirklich löschen?"
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/utils/modules/i18n/de/auth.json b/utils/modules/i18n/de/auth.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..38e0d7a1e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/utils/modules/i18n/de/auth.json
@@ -0,0 +1,299 @@
+{
+    "login": "Anmelden",
+    "orSignInWith": "Oder anmelden mit",
+    "appVersion": "App-Version",
+    "logout": "Abmelden",
+    "register": "Registrieren",
+    "username": "Benutzername",
+    "password": "Passwort",
+    "email": "E-Mail",
+    "emailAddress": "E-Mail-Adresse",
+    "firstName": "Vorname",
+    "lastName": "Nachname",
+    "forgotPassword": "Passwort vergessen?",
+    "resetPassword": "Passwort zurücksetzen",
+    "changePassword": "Passwort ändern",
+    "currentPassword": "Aktuelles Passwort",
+    "newPassword": "Neues Passwort",
+    "confirmPassword": "Passwort bestätigen",
+    "loginAsGuest": "Als Gast anmelden",
+    "usernameOrEmail": "Benutzername oder E-Mail",
+    "signedInAs": "Angemeldet als {username}",
+    "preferences": {
+        "title": "Präferenzen",
+        "sections": {
+            "language": "Sprache"
+        }
+    },
+    "updateConsent": "Zustimmung aktualisieren",
+    "termsOfService": "Nutzungsbedingungen",
+    "acceptTerms": "Ich akzeptiere die Nutzungsbedingungen",
+    "acceptStats": "Ich erlaube die Erfassung anonymer Statistiken",
+    "acceptDataSharing": "Ich stimme zu, dass meine Daten für Forschungszwecke verfügbar gemacht werden",
+    "acceptStatsBehavior": "Ich erlaube die Erfassung von Verhaltensstatistiken für Forschungszwecke",
+    "acceptAndContinue": "Akzeptieren & Fortfahren",
+    "emailVerificationRequired": "E-Mail-Verifizierung erforderlich",
+    "resendVerificationEmail": "Verifizierungs-E-Mail erneut senden",
+    "returnToLogin": "Zurück zur Anmeldung",
+    "backToLogin": "Zurück zur Anmeldung",
+    "placeholders": {
+        "newPasswordPlaceholder": "Neues Passwort eingeben (mindestens 8 Zeichen)",
+        "confirmPasswordPlaceholder": "Neues Passwort bestätigen"
+    },
+    "messages": {
+        "emailVerified": "E-Mail verifiziert",
+        "emailVerifiedSuccess": "Ihre E-Mail-Adresse wurde erfolgreich verifiziert. Sie können sich jetzt anmelden.",
+        "resetTokenValid": "Token ist gültig.",
+        "registrationDisabled": "Registrierung deaktiviert",
+        "selfRegistrationDisabledMessage": "Selbstregistrierung ist derzeit deaktiviert. Bitte kontaktieren Sie einen Administrator, um ein Konto zu erstellen.",
+        "validationLinkSent": "Ein Validierungslink wurde an Ihre E-Mail-Adresse gesendet",
+        "validateEmail": "Verifizieren Sie Ihre E-Mail-Adresse",
+        "registrationSuccess": "Registrierung erfolgreich! Sie können sich jetzt anmelden.",
+        "logoutSuccess": "Sitzung beendet.",
+        "passwordResetLinkSent": "Ein Link zum Zurücksetzen des Passworts wurde an Ihre E-Mail-Adresse gesendet.",
+        "passwordResetInstructions": "Wir senden Anweisungen zum Zurücksetzen des Passworts an diese E-Mail-Adresse.",
+        "emailNotVerified": "Ihre E-Mail-Adresse wurde noch nicht verifiziert. Bitte überprüfen Sie Ihren Posteingang auf eine Verifizierungs-E-Mail.",
+        "resendVerificationPrompt": "E-Mail nicht erhalten? Klicken Sie auf die Schaltfläche unten, um sie erneut zu senden.",
+        "verificationEmailSent": "Verifizierungs-E-Mail wurde erfolgreich gesendet.",
+        "validatingResetToken": "Passwort-Zurücksetzen-Token wird überprüft...",
+        "passwordResetSuccess": "Das Passwort wurde erfolgreich zurückgesetzt. Sie können sich jetzt mit Ihrem neuen Passwort anmelden.",
+        "termsUpdated": "Nutzungsbedingungen erfolgreich aktualisiert",
+        "termsUpdatedMessage": "Die Nutzungsbedingungen wurden erfolgreich aktualisiert",
+        "consentUpdated": "Zustimmung erfolgreich aktualisiert",
+        "consentUpdatedMessage": "Die Zustimmungseinstellungen wurden erfolgreich aktualisiert"
+    },
+    "copyright": "Urheberrecht © 2022-2024 Team Care UKP Lab (TU Darmstadt)",
+    "signingIn": "Anmeldung läuft...",
+    "ldap": {
+        "institutionalLogin": "Institutionelle Anmeldung (LDAP)",
+        "institutionalUsername": "Institutioneller Benutzername",
+        "institutionalUsernamePlaceholder": "Geben Sie Ihren institutionellen Benutzernamen ein",
+        "institutionalPassword": "Institutionelles Passwort",
+        "institutionalPasswordPlaceholder": "Geben Sie Ihr institutionelles Passwort ein",
+        "loginWithLdap": "Mit LDAP anmelden",
+        "passwordNotStoredLine1": "Ihr institutionelles Passwort wird nicht in CARE gespeichert",
+        "passwordNotStoredLine2": "und wird nur zur Authentifizierung gegenüber Ihrer Institution verwendet."
+    },
+    "api": {
+        "failedToLogin": "Anmeldung fehlgeschlagen",
+        "incorrectUsernameOrPassword": "Benutzername oder Passwort ist falsch.",
+        "emailNotVerifiedBeforeLogin": "Bitte bestätigen Sie Ihre E-Mail-Adresse, bevor Sie sich anmelden.",
+        "ldapLoginDisabled": "LDAP-Anmeldung wurde vom Administrator deaktiviert.",
+        "ldapLoginNotReady": "LDAP-Anmeldung ist aktiviert, aber noch nicht vollständig konfiguriert. Bitte kontaktieren Sie einen Administrator.",
+        "ldapLoginFailed": "LDAP-Anmeldung fehlgeschlagen.",
+        "sessionDestroyed": "Sitzung beendet!",
+        "passwordResetDisabled": "Das Zurücksetzen des Passworts ist deaktiviert.",
+        "provideEmail": "Bitte geben Sie eine E-Mail-Adresse an.",
+        "userNotFoundByEmail": "Benutzer mit dieser E-Mail-Adresse existiert nicht.",
+        "passwordResetRateLimited": "Bitte warten Sie {minutes} Minute(n), bevor Sie eine weitere E-Mail zum Zurücksetzen des Passworts anfordern.",
+        "passwordResetLinkSent": "Ein Link zum Zurücksetzen des Passworts wurde gesendet.",
+        "internalServerError": "Interner Serverfehler",
+        "tokenAndPasswordRequired": "Token und neues Passwort sind erforderlich.",
+        "invalidTokenFormat": "Ungültiges Token-Format.",
+        "tokenExpired": "Token ist abgelaufen.",
+        "invalidToken": "Ungültiges Token.",
+        "tokenRequired": "Token ist erforderlich.",
+        "tokenNotFound": "Token nicht gefunden.",
+        "tokenValid": "Token ist gültig.",
+        "passwordResetSuccess": "Das Passwort wurde erfolgreich zurückgesetzt.",
+        "selfRegistrationDisabled": "Selbstregistrierung ist derzeit deaktiviert. Bitte kontaktieren Sie einen Administrator, um ein Konto zu erstellen.",
+        "provideFirstName": "Bitte geben Sie einen Vornamen an.",
+        "provideLastName": "Bitte geben Sie einen Nachnamen an.",
+        "provideAEmail": "Bitte geben Sie eine E-Mail-Adresse an.",
+        "emailAlreadyTaken": "E-Mail-Adresse ist bereits vergeben.",
+        "providePassword": "Bitte geben Sie ein Passwort an.",
+        "agreeToTerms": "Bitte stimmen Sie den Nutzungsbedingungen zu.",
+        "provideUserName": "Bitte geben Sie einen Benutzernamen an.",
+        "usernameTaken": "Benutzername ist bereits vergeben.",
+        "userCreatedVerifyEmail": "Benutzer wurde erfolgreich erstellt. Bitte prüfen Sie Ihre E-Mail, um Ihr Konto zu bestätigen.",
+        "userCreated": "Benutzer wurde erfolgreich erstellt",
+        "failedToCreateUser": "Benutzer konnte nicht erstellt werden",
+        "emailVerificationDisabled": "E-Mail-Verifizierung ist deaktiviert.",
+        "missingToken": "Token fehlt.",
+        "emailVerifiedLogin": "E-Mail erfolgreich bestätigt. Sie können sich jetzt anmelden.",
+        "emailAddressRequired": "E-Mail-Adresse ist erforderlich.",
+        "emailAlreadyVerified": "Die E-Mail-Adresse ist bereits verifiziert.",
+        "verificationRateLimited": "Bitte warten Sie {minutes} Minute(n), bevor Sie eine weitere Verifizierungs-E-Mail anfordern.",
+        "verificationEmailSent": "Verifizierungs-E-Mail wurde gesendet.",
+        "failedToEstablishLoginSession": "Anmeldesitzung konnte nicht erstellt werden.",
+        "authenticationRequired": "Authentifizierung erforderlich"
+    },
+    "acceptTermsPrefix": "Ich akzeptiere die",
+    "twoFactor": {
+        "configure": "2FA konfigurieren",
+        "select": {
+            "title": "Verifizierungsmethode auswählen",
+            "description": "Ihr Konto ist mit mehreren Zwei-Faktor-Methoden geschützt.",
+            "instruction": "Bitte wählen Sie aus, wie Sie diesen Login verifizieren möchten.",
+            "continuing": "Wird fortgesetzt...",
+            "profileHint": "Sie können Ihre verfügbaren Methoden nach dem Login in Ihrem Profil ändern.",
+            "methods": {
+            "email": {
+                "label": "E-Mail-Verifizierungscode",
+                "description": "Wir senden einen 6-stelligen Code an Ihre registrierte E-Mail-Adresse."
+            },
+            "totp": {
+                "label": "Authenticator-App (TOTP)",
+                "description": "Verwenden Sie einen Code aus Ihrer Authenticator-App, z. B. Google Authenticator."
+            },
+            "fallbackDescription": "Verwenden Sie diese Methode, um Ihren Login abzuschließen."
+            },
+            "errors": {
+            "selectMethod": "Bitte wählen Sie eine Verifizierungsmethode aus.",
+            "startFailed": "Die ausgewählte Verifizierungsmethode konnte nicht gestartet werden.",
+            "unsupportedMethod": "Die ausgewählte Verifizierungsmethode wird vom Client nicht unterstützt.",
+            "startFailedRetry": "Die ausgewählte Verifizierungsmethode konnte nicht gestartet werden. Bitte versuchen Sie es erneut."
+            }
+        },
+        "api": {
+            "noPendingVerification": "Keine ausstehende 2FA-Verifizierung gefunden. Bitte melden Sie sich erneut an.",
+            "userNotFound": "Benutzer nicht gefunden.",
+            "internalServerError": "Interner Serverfehler",
+            "sessionErrorDuring2fa": "Sitzungsfehler während 2FA.",
+            "missingMethodSelection": "2FA-Methode fehlt.",
+            "selectedMethodNotEnabled": "Die ausgewählte 2FA-Methode ist für diesen Benutzer nicht aktiviert.",
+            "emailAddressNotFound": "E-Mail-Adresse nicht gefunden. E-Mail-2FA kann nicht verwendet werden.",
+            "emailNotFoundForUser": "E-Mail-Adresse für diesen Benutzer nicht gefunden.",
+            "userEmailNotFound": "E-Mail-Adresse des Benutzers nicht gefunden. OTP kann nicht gesendet werden.",
+            "emailNotEnabledForUser": "E-Mail-2FA ist für diesen Benutzer nicht aktiviert.",
+            "emailNotSelected": "E-Mail-2FA ist nicht die ausgewählte Methode.",
+            "emailNotSelectedSelectFirst": "E-Mail-2FA ist nicht die ausgewählte Methode. Bitte wählen Sie zuerst E-Mail aus.",
+            "totpMissingSecret": "TOTP ist aktiviert, aber nicht konfiguriert (fehlendes Secret).",
+            "totpNotConfigured": "TOTP ist nicht konfiguriert.",
+            "unsupportedMethod": "Nicht unterstützte 2FA-Methode: {method}",
+            "startSelectedMethodFailed": "Die ausgewählte 2FA-Methode konnte nicht gestartet werden.",
+            "otpRequired": "OTP ist erforderlich.",
+            "otpExpired": "OTP ist abgelaufen. Bitte fordern Sie ein neues an.",
+            "totpTokenRequired": "TOTP-Token ist erforderlich.",
+            "invalidTotpCode": "Ungültiger TOTP-Code.",
+            "invalidTotpCodeNoPeriod": "Ungültiger TOTP-Code",
+            "noPendingTotpSetup": "Keine ausstehende TOTP-Einrichtung gefunden.",
+            "totpSetupInitiateFailed": "TOTP-Einrichtung konnte nicht gestartet werden.",
+            "totpConfiguredSuccessfully": "TOTP erfolgreich konfiguriert.",
+            "loginRequiredCheckStatus": "Sie müssen angemeldet sein, um den 2FA-Status zu prüfen.",
+            "loginRequiredEnable": "Sie müssen angemeldet sein, um 2FA zu aktivieren.",
+            "validMethodRequired": "Eine gültige 2FA-Methode ist erforderlich (email oder totp).",
+            "emailRequiredFor2fa": "Eine E-Mail-Adresse ist erforderlich, um E-Mail-2FA zu aktivieren.",
+            "useTotpSetup": "Verwenden Sie /auth/2fa/totp/setup/initiate und /auth/2fa/totp/setup/verify, um TOTP zu aktivieren (Einrichtung + Verifizierung erforderlich).",
+            "enabledWithMethod": "2FA wurde mit der Methode {method} aktiviert.",
+            "methodNotEnabledForUser": "2FA-Methode '{method}' ist für diesen Benutzer nicht aktiviert.",
+            "methodDisabled": "2FA-Methode '{method}' wurde deaktiviert.",
+            "invalidCodeAttemptsRemaining": "Ungültiger Verifizierungscode. {attemptsRemaining} Versuch(e) verbleibend.",
+            "invalidOtpAttemptsRemaining": "Ungültiger OTP-Code. {attemptsRemaining} Versuch(e) verbleibend.",
+            "invalidTotpAttemptsRemaining": "Ungültiger TOTP-Code. {attemptsRemaining} Versuch(e) verbleibend.",
+            "tooManyInvalidAttempts": "Zu viele ungültige Verifizierungsversuche. Bitte melden Sie sich erneut an.",
+            "tooManyInvalidOtpAttempts": "Zu viele ungültige OTP-Versuche. Bitte melden Sie sich erneut an.",
+            "tooManyInvalidTotpAttempts": "Zu viele ungültige TOTP-Versuche. Bitte melden Sie sich erneut an."
+        },
+        "settings": {
+            "title": "Zwei-Faktor-Authentifizierung Einstellungen",
+            "enforcedWarning": "Zwei-Faktor-Authentifizierung ist von Ihrem Administrator erforderlich. Konfigurieren Sie mindestens eine Methode, um fortzufahren.",
+            "status": {
+                "none": "Status: Keine 2FA-Methoden aktiviert",
+                "enabled": "Status: {count} Methode(n) aktiviert"
+            },
+            "email": {
+                "title": "E-Mail-Verifizierung",
+                "description": "Erhalten Sie beim Login einen 6-stelligen Code per E-Mail",
+                "codesSentTo": "Codes werden gesendet an:",
+                "emailRequiredHint": "Sie müssen zuerst eine E-Mail-Adresse in Ihrem Profil hinzufügen und verifizieren"
+            },
+            "totp": {
+                "title": "Authenticator-App (TOTP)",
+                "description": "Verwenden Sie eine Authenticator-App wie Google Authenticator",
+                "scanQrInstruction": "Scannen Sie den QR-Code mit Ihrer Authenticator-App und geben Sie anschließend den Code ein, um die Einrichtung zu verifizieren.",
+                "qrCodeAlt": "TOTP-QR-Code",
+                "qrCodeError": "QR-Code konnte nicht generiert werden. Verwenden Sie den manuellen Eingabeschlüssel unten.",
+                "generatingQrCode": "QR-Code wird generiert...",
+                "manualEntry": "Manuelle Eingabe:",
+                "enterVerificationCode": "Verifizierungscode eingeben",
+                "enterCodeHint": "Geben Sie den 6-stelligen Code aus Ihrer Authenticator-App ein",
+                "verifying": "Wird verifiziert...",
+                "verifyAndEnable": "Verifizieren & aktivieren",
+                "active": "TOTP ist konfiguriert und aktiv"
+            },
+            "info": {
+                "title": "So funktioniert es",
+                "description": "Beim Login werden Sie aufgefordert, sich mit einer Ihrer aktivierten Methoden zu verifizieren. Wenn mehrere Methoden aktiviert sind, können Sie auswählen, welche Sie verwenden möchten."
+            },
+            "toasts": {
+                "loadFailed": "2FA-Einstellungen konnten nicht geladen werden",
+                "emailRequired": "E-Mail erforderlich",
+                "emailEnabled": {
+                "title": "E-Mail-2FA aktiviert",
+                "message": "E-Mail-Verifizierung wurde aktiviert"
+                },
+                "emailEnableFailed": "E-Mail-2FA konnte nicht aktiviert werden",
+                "emailDisabled": {
+                "title": "E-Mail-2FA deaktiviert",
+                "message": "E-Mail-Verifizierung wurde deaktiviert"
+                },
+                "emailDisableFailed": "E-Mail-2FA konnte nicht deaktiviert werden",
+                "actionBlocked": {
+                "title": "Aktion blockiert",
+                "message": "2FA ist erforderlich. Konfigurieren Sie eine andere Methode, bevor Sie diese deaktivieren."
+                },
+                "totpSetupStartFailed": "TOTP-Einrichtung konnte nicht gestartet werden",
+                "totpEnabled": {
+                "title": "TOTP aktiviert",
+                "message": "Authenticator-App wurde erfolgreich konfiguriert"
+                },
+                "verificationFailed": "Verifizierung fehlgeschlagen",
+                "totpDisabled": {
+                "title": "TOTP deaktiviert",
+                "message": "TOTP wurde deaktiviert"
+                },
+                "totpDisableFailed": "TOTP konnte nicht deaktiviert werden"
+            },
+            "confirm": {
+                "disableEmail": "Sind Sie sicher, dass Sie E-Mail-2FA deaktivieren möchten? Dadurch wird die Sicherheit Ihres Kontos verringert.",
+                "disableTotp": "Sind Sie sicher, dass Sie TOTP-2FA deaktivieren möchten? Dadurch wird die Sicherheit Ihres Kontos verringert."
+            }
+        },
+        "verifyEmail": {
+            "title": "Zwei-Faktor-Authentifizierung",
+            "descriptionLine1": "Wir haben einen Verifizierungscode an Ihre E-Mail-Adresse gesendet",
+            "descriptionLine2": "Bitte geben Sie den Code unten ein, um Ihren Login abzuschließen.",
+            "verificationCode": "Verifizierungscode",
+            "codePlaceholder": "6-stelligen Code eingeben",
+            "invalidCode": "Bitte geben Sie einen gültigen 6-stelligen Code ein.",
+            "verifying": "Wird verifiziert...",
+            "verify": "Verifizieren",
+            "expirationHint": "Der Code läuft in 10 Minuten ab.",
+            "resendHint": "Code nicht erhalten? Prüfen Sie Ihren Spam-Ordner oder klicken Sie auf \"Code erneut senden\".",
+            "sending": "Wird gesendet...",
+            "resendCodeIn": "Code erneut senden in ({seconds}s)",
+            "resendCode": "Code erneut senden",
+            "errors": {
+                "loadStatusFailed": "Verifizierungsstatus konnte nicht geladen werden. Bitte loggen Sie sich erneut ein.",
+                "invalidCode": "Ungültiger Verifizierungscode. Bitte versuchen Sie es erneut.",
+                "verifyFailed": "Code konnte nicht verifiziert werden. Bitte versuchen Sie es erneut.",
+                "waitBeforeResend": "Bitte warten Sie, bevor Sie einen weiteren Code anfordern.",
+                "resendFailed": "Code konnte nicht erneut gesendet werden. Bitte versuchen Sie es erneut."
+            },
+            "success": {
+                "verificationSuccessful": "Verifizierung erfolgreich! Weiterleitung...",
+                "codeSent": "Ein neuer Verifizierungscode wurde an Ihre E-Mail-Adresse gesendet"
+            }
+        },
+        "verifyTotp": {
+            "title": "Zwei-Faktor-Authentifizierung",
+            "descriptionLine1": "Öffnen Sie Ihre Authenticator-App und geben Sie den 6-stelligen Code ein",
+            "descriptionLine2": "Dies ist der zweite Schritt, um Ihre Identität zu verifizieren.",
+            "authenticatorCode": "Authenticator-Code",
+            "codePlaceholder": "6-stelligen Code eingeben",
+            "invalidCode": "Bitte geben Sie einen gültigen 6-stelligen Code ein.",
+            "verifying": "Wird verifiziert...",
+            "verify": "Verifizieren",
+            "refreshHint": "Codes werden alle 30 Sekunden aktualisiert.",
+            "timeHint": "Stellen Sie sicher, dass die Uhrzeit Ihres Geräts korrekt ist, wenn Codes nicht akzeptiert werden.",
+            "success": {
+                "verificationSuccessful": "Verifizierung erfolgreich! Weiterleitung..."
+            },
+            "errors": {
+                "invalidCode": "Ungültiger Verifizierungscode. Bitte versuchen Sie es erneut.",
+                "verifyFailed": "Code konnte nicht verifiziert werden. Bitte versuchen Sie es erneut."
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/utils/modules/i18n/de/basic.json b/utils/modules/i18n/de/basic.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..92e07f3ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/utils/modules/i18n/de/basic.json
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+{
+    "form": {
+      "placeholders": {
+        "documentBracket": "<Dokument>",
+        "documentTemplateSuffix": "(Dokumentvorlage)"
+      },
+      "advancedSettings": "Erweiterte Einstellungen"
+    },
+    "configuration": {
+      "title": "Konfiguration",
+      "filesTitle": "Konfigurationsdateien",
+      "uploadButton": "Konfiguration hochladen",
+      "uploadTooltip": "Neue Konfigurationsdatei hochladen",
+      "types": {
+        "assessment": "Bewertung",
+        "validation": "Validierung"
+      },
+      "fields": {
+        "name": {
+          "label": "Name",
+          "placeholder": "Konfigurationsname"
+        },
+        "description": {
+          "label": "Beschreibung",
+          "placeholder": "Optionale Beschreibung"
+        },
+        "userId": {
+          "label": "Benutzer-ID"
+        },
+        "hideInFrontend": {
+          "label": "Im Frontend ausblenden"
+        },
+        "type": {
+          "label": "Typ"
+        },
+        "content": {
+          "label": "Konfiguration (JSON)"
+        }
+      },
+      "viewer": {
+        "title": "Konfiguration: {name}"
+      },
+      "editor": {
+        "title": "Konfiguration bearbeiten: {name}",
+        "placeholder": "JSON-Inhalt hier bearbeiten..."
+      },
+      "delete": {
+        "title": "Konfiguration löschen",
+        "message": "Möchten Sie \"{name}\" wirklich löschen?"
+      },
+      "tooltips": {
+        "view": "Konfiguration anzeigen",
+        "edit": "Konfiguration bearbeiten",
+        "delete": "Konfiguration löschen"
+      },
+      "steps": {
+        "general": "Allgemeine Einstellungen",
+        "services": "Dienste",
+        "placeholders": "Platzhalter"
+      },
+      "editButton": "Konfiguration bearbeiten",
+      "saveButton": "Konfiguration speichern",
+      "toasts": {
+        "updatedTitle": "Konfiguration aktualisiert",
+        "updatedMessage": "Die Konfigurationsdaten wurden erfolgreich aktualisiert.",
+        "loadErrorTitle": "Konfigurationsfehler",
+        "loadErrorMessage": "Fehler beim Laden des Konfigurationsinhalts: {error}",
+        "editorNotInit": "Editor nicht initialisiert",
+        "noContent": "Kein Konfigurationsinhalt zum Speichern",
+        "invalidJsonTitle": "Ungültiges JSON",
+        "invalidJsonMessage": "Bitte überprüfen Sie Ihre JSON-Syntax: {error}",
+        "updateErrorTitle": "Fehler beim Aktualisieren der Konfiguration",
+        "updateErrorMessage": "Aktualisierung der Konfiguration fehlgeschlagen",
+        "deleteFailedTitle": "Löschen der Konfiguration fehlgeschlagen"
+      },
+      "stepTitles": {
+        "general": "Allgemeine Konfiguration",
+        "services": "Dienste-Konfiguration",
+        "placeholders": "Platzhalter-Konfiguration"
+      }
+    },
+    "consent": {
+      "successTitle": "Zustimmung erfolgreich aktualisiert",
+      "successMessage": "Die Zustimmungseinstellungen wurden erfolgreich aktualisiert.",
+      "errorTitle": "Fehler beim Aktualisieren der Zustimmung"
+
+    },
+    "export": {
+      "successTitle": "Export erfolgreich",
+      "successMessage": "{id} erfolgreich exportiert"
+    },
+    "graph": {
+      "inspectNode": "Knoten prüfen",
+      "copyNode": "Knoten kopieren",
+      "addNodeBefore": "Knoten davor hinzufügen",
+      "addNodeAfter": "Knoten danach hinzufügen",
+      "removeNode": "Knoten entfernen",
+      "editNode": "Knoten bearbeiten",
+      "pasteCopiedNode": "Kopierten Knoten einfügen",
+      "pasteBeforeSelectedNode": "Vor ausgewähltem Knoten einfügen",
+      "pasteAfterSelectedNode": "Nach ausgewähltem Knoten einfügen",
+      "readOnly": "Sie können diesen Graphen nicht bearbeiten",
+      "confirmRemove": {
+        "title": "Knoten entfernen",
+        "message": "Möchten Sie den ausgewählten Knoten wirklich entfernen?",
+        "warning": "Alle nachfolgenden Knoten werden ebenfalls entfernt!"
+      }
+    },
+    "workflowStepEditor": {
+      "title": "Workflow-Schritt",
+      "errors": {
+        "addNextNode": "Fehler beim Hinzufügen des nächsten Knotens: {error}"
+      }
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/utils/modules/i18n/de/common.json b/utils/modules/i18n/de/common.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..59bbf3770
--- /dev/null
+++ b/utils/modules/i18n/de/common.json
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+{
+    "yes": "Ja",
+    "no": "Nein",
+    "ok": "OK",
+    "save": "Speichern",
+    "cancel": "Abbrechen",
+    "close": "Schließen",
+    "continue": "Weiter",
+    "abort": "Abbrechen",
+    "decline": "Ablehnen",
+    "confirm": "Bestätigen",
+    "back": "Zurück",
+    "previous": "Vorherige",
+    "next": "Weiter",
+    "nextText": "Weiter",
+    "new": "Neu",
+    "add": "Hinzufügen",
+    "create": "Erstellen",
+    "edit": "Bearbeiten",
+    "editItem": "{item} bearbeiten",
+    "newItem": "{item} hinzufügen",
+    "change": "Ändern",
+    "update": "Aktualisieren",
+    "delete": "Löschen",
+    "copy": "Kopieren",
+    "download": "Herunterladen",
+    "upload": "Hochladen",
+    "import": "Importieren",
+    "importing": "Wird importiert…",
+    "export": "Exportieren",
+    "exportAll": "Alle exportieren",
+    "json": "JSON",
+    "csv": "CSV",
+    "reload": "Neu laden",
+    "loading": "Wird geladen...",
+    "noData": "Keine Daten",
+    "success": "Erfolg",
+    "error": "Fehler",
+    "warning": "Warnung",
+    "info": "Info",
+    "readOnly": "Schreibgeschützt",
+    "id": "ID",
+    "name": "Name",
+    "title": "Titel",
+    "createdAt": "Erstellt am",
+    "updatedAt": "Zuletzt geändert",
+    "type": "Typ",
+    "status": "Status",
+    "public": "Öffentlich",
+    "actions": "Aktionen",
+    "manage": "Verwalten",
+    "search": "Suchen",
+    "filter": "Filtern",
+    "sortBy": "Sortieren nach",
+    "page": "Seite",
+    "of": "von",
+    "show": "Anzeigen",
+    "start": "Start",
+    "end": "Ende",
+    "created": "Erstellt",
+    "user": "Benutzer",
+    "userName": "Benutzername",
+    "userId": "Benutzer-ID",
+    "email": "E-Mail",
+    "extId": "extId",
+    "firstName": "Vorname",
+    "lastName": "Nachname",
+    "groupId": "Gruppen-ID",
+    "dataExisting": "Daten vorhanden",
+    "loadingFromServer": "Lade Daten vom Server...",
+    "typeToFilter": "Tippen zum Filtern...",
+    "submitText": "Absenden",
+    "required": "Dieses Feld ist erforderlich",
+    "select": "Auswählen",
+    "baseFileType": "Basis-Datentyp wählen:",
+    "example": "Beispiel",
+    "input": "Eingabe",
+    "output": "Ausgabe",
+    "config": "Konfiguration",
+    "send": "Senden",
+    "note": "Hinweis:",
+    "stepper": {
+        "stepNotImplemented": "Schritt {step} ist nicht implementiert."
+    },
+    "itemsPerPage": "Einträge pro Seite",
+    "all": "Alle",
+    "label": "Paginierung",
+    "assign": "Zuweisen",
+    "confirmation": "Bestätigung",
+    "project": "Projekt",
+    "language": "Sprache",
+    "reset": "Zurücksetzen",
+    "na": "k.A.",
+    "time": {
+        "seconds": "{sec}s",
+        "minutesSeconds": "{min}m {sec}s",
+        "hoursMinutesSeconds": "{h}h {min}m {sec}s",
+        "minutes": "min",
+        "lessThanMinutes": "<{min} Min."
+    },
+    "reply": "Antworten",
+    "hide": "Verbergen",
+    "showMore": "Mehr anzeigen",
+    "showLess": "Weniger anzeigen",
+    "hideMore": "Mehr verbergen",
+    "summarize": "Zusammenfassen",
+    "apply": "Anwenden",
+    "unknown": "Unbekannt",
+    "submission": "Einreichungen",
+    "assignments": "Zuweisungen",
+    "use": "Verwenden",
+    "hideReplies": "Antworten verbergen",
+    "connecting": "Verbinden...",
+    "loadingProgress": "Lade {appLoadStep} ({percent}%)",
+    "duplicate": "Duplizieren",
+    "notSet": "Nicht gesetzt",
+    "details": "Details",
+    "view": "Ansehen",
+    "updated": "Aktualisiert",
+    "refresh": "Aktualisieren",
+    "configure": "Konfigurieren",
+    "anonymous": "Anonym",
+    "unlimited": "unbegrenzte",
+    "none": "Keine",
+    "languages": {
+        "en": "English",
+        "de": "Deutsch",
+        "fr": "Français"
+    },
+    "enabled": "Aktiviert",
+    "disabled": "Deaktiviert",
+    "online": "Online",
+    "offline": "Offline",
+    "noDescription": "Keine Beschreibung",
+    "pagination": "Seitennummerierung",
+    "first": "Erste",
+    "last": "Letzte",
+    "paginationRange": "{start}-{end} von {total} werden angezeigt",
+    "noGroupId": "Keine GroupID",
+    "active": "Aktiv",
+    "inactive": "Inaktiv",
+    "selectedCount": "{selected} von {total} ausgewählt",
+    "description": "Beschreibung",
+    "running": "Läuft",
+    "finished": "Beendet"
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/utils/modules/i18n/de/components.json b/utils/modules/i18n/de/components.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a22468637
--- /dev/null
+++ b/utils/modules/i18n/de/components.json
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+{
+    "logs":{
+        "title": "Protokolle",
+    "columns": {
+        "level": "Stufe",
+        "time": "Zeit",
+        "service": "Dienst",
+        "message": "Nachricht"
+    },
+    "levels": {
+        "error": "Fehler",
+        "warn": "Warnung",
+        "info": "Info",
+        "debug": "Debug"
+    }
+    },
+    "comment":{
+        "enterText": "Text eingeben...",
+        "noComment": "Kein Kommentar",
+        "sentimentAnalysis": "Sentiment-Analyse",
+        "saveCommand": "Speichern (Strg + Enter)"
+    },
+    "voteButtons":{
+        "helpful": "Hilfreich",
+        "notHelpful": "Nicht hilfreich"
+    },
+    "pdftoolbar":{
+        "minToolbar": "Symbolleiste minimieren",
+        "showToolbar": "Symbolleiste anzeigen"
+    },
+    "documentRoute": {
+        "errors": {
+        "goToDashboard": "Go to Dashboard",
+        "documentNotFoundTitle": "Document Not Found",
+        "accessDeniedTitle": "Access Denied",
+        "fileMissingTitle": "File Not Available",
+        "documentErrorTitle": "Document Error",
+        "unexpectedError": "An unexpected error occurred."
+        }
+    },
+    "studyRoute": {
+        "errors": {
+        "goToDashboard": "Zum Dashboard",
+        "studyNotFoundTitle": "Studie nicht gefunden",
+        "accessDeniedTitle": "Zugriff verweigert",
+        "filesMissingTitle": "Dateien nicht verfügbar",
+        "documentNotFoundTitle": "Dokument nicht gefunden",
+        "unexpectedError": "Ein unerwarteter Fehler ist aufgetreten.",
+        "foreignUnstartedSession": "Diese Studiensitzung wurde noch nicht gestartet und gehört einem anderen Benutzer."
+        }
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/utils/modules/i18n/de/coordinator.json b/utils/modules/i18n/de/coordinator.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ad57253a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/utils/modules/i18n/de/coordinator.json
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+{
+  "entryUpdated": "Der Eintrag wurde erfolgreich aktualisiert!",
+  "entryAdded": "Der Eintrag wurde erfolgreich hinzugefügt!",
+  "errors": {
+    "noFieldsDefined": "Die Tabelle {table} hat keine definierten Felder!",
+    "saveFailed": "Konnte nicht gespeichert werden",
+    "incompleteConfig": "Unvollständige Konfiguration",
+    "incompleteConfigDetail": "Sie haben eine unvollständige Konfiguration bei {steps}",
+    "stepSingle": "Schritt {n}",
+    "stepMultiple": "Schritte {list} und {last}"
+  }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/utils/modules/i18n/de/dashboard.json b/utils/modules/i18n/de/dashboard.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..abc52ce1c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/utils/modules/i18n/de/dashboard.json
@@ -0,0 +1,514 @@
+{
+  "projects": {
+    "title": "Projekte",
+    "assignProjectsToUsers": "Projekte Benutzern zuweisen",
+    "selectProjectToAssign": "Projekt zum Zuweisen auswählen:",
+    "OneProjectSelected": "1 Projekt ausgewählt",
+    "ZeroProjectsSelected": "0 Projekte ausgewählt",
+    "selectUsersToAssignProjectsTo": "Benutzer auswählen, denen Projekte zugewiesen werden sollen:",
+    "usersSelected": "Benutzer ausgewählt",
+    "confirmAssignment": "Zuweisung bestätigen:",
+    "summary": "Zusammenfassung:",
+    "aboutToAssign": "Sie sind dabei, {projectCount} Projekt(e) {userCount} Benutzer(n) zuzuweisen.",
+    "noteLabel": "Hinweis:",
+    "noteBody": "Durch die Zuweisung von Benutzern zu diesem Projekt wird das Projekt automatisch öffentlich gemacht.",
+    "selectedProjects": "Ausgewählte Projekte:",
+    "selectedUsers": "Ausgewählte Benutzer:",
+    "selectProjects": "Projekte auswählen",
+    "selectUsers": "Benutzer auswählen",
+    "selectProject": "Projekt auswählen",
+    "assignmentFailed": "Zuweisung fehlgeschlagen",
+    "selectMessage": "Bitte wählen Sie ein Projekt und mindestens einen Benutzer aus.",
+    "projectAssignmentFailed": "Projektzuweisung fehlgeschlagen",
+    "projectAssigned": "Projekt zugewiesen",
+    "successfullyAssignedMessage": "Das Projekt wurde erfolgreich {count} Benutzer(n) zugewiesen.",
+    "exportData": "Daten exportieren",
+    "exportStudySessions": "Exportiere eine Liste aller Studiensitzungen mit Hash:",
+    "totalStudies": "Studien gesamt:",
+    "totalStudySessions": "Studiensitzungen gesamt:",
+    "exportingAllData": "Exportiere alle Daten",
+    "totalTags": "Tags gesamt:",
+    "totalTagSets": "Tag-Sets gesamt:",
+    "totalProjects": "Projekte gesamt:",
+    "totalDocuments": "Dokumente gesamt:",
+    "totalAnnotations": "Anmerkungen gesamt:",
+    "totalComments": "Kommentare gesamt:",
+    "totalCommentsVotes": "Kommentar-Abstimmungen gesamt:",
+    "totalEdits": "Bearbeitungen gesamt:",
+    "exportType": "Exporttyp",
+    "exportReviewers": "Liste aller Reviewer exportieren",
+    "extId": "extId",
+    "numberOfAssignments": "Anzahl der Zuweisungen",
+    "roles": "Rollen",
+    "filterTable": "Woraus soll gefiltert werden?",
+    "createTooltip": "Projekt erstellen",
+    "assignButton": "Projekte zuweisen",
+    "assignTooltip": "Projekte zuweisen",
+    "selectAsDefault": "Projekt als Standard auswählen",
+    "coordinator": {
+      "title": "Projekt"
+    },
+    "export": {
+      "confirmSelection": "Auswahl bestätigen:",
+      "declinedSharingWarning": "Sie haben einen oder mehrere Studierende ausgewählt, die der Datenfreigabe {emphasis}.",
+      "declinedSharingEmphasis": "nicht zugestimmt haben",
+      "aliasMappingWarning": "Das heruntergeladene ZIP-Archiv enthält eine CSV-Datei, die die generierten Aliasnamen den echten Namen der Studierenden zuordnet.",
+      "reviewWarning": "Wir empfehlen dringend, diesen Export vor der Weitergabe sorgfältig zu prüfen, um sicherzustellen, dass keine sensiblen oder unbeabsichtigten Informationen verteilt werden.",
+      "summary": "Zusammenfassung:",
+      "downloadSummary": "Sie sind dabei, Abgaben für {count} Studierende herunterzuladen.",
+      "fileCount": "{count} Dateien"
+    },
+    "columns": {
+      "name": "Projektname",
+      "public": "Öffentlich",
+      "closed": "Geschlossen",
+      "username": "Benutzername",
+      "studentName": "Name des Studierenden",
+      "files": "Dateien",
+      "acceptedDataSharing": "Datenfreigabe akzeptiert",
+      "lastSubmitted": "Zuletzt eingereicht"
+    },
+    "actions": {
+      "copy": "Projekt kopieren",
+      "edit": "Projekt bearbeiten",
+      "delete": "Projekt löschen",
+      "share": "Projekt teilen",
+      "export": "Daten exportieren",
+      "selectDefault": "Projekt als Standard auswählen"
+    },
+    "delete": {
+      "title": "Projekt löschen",
+      "message": "Möchten Sie dieses Projekt wirklich löschen?",
+      "warningStudies": "Derzeit ist {count} Studie mit diesem Projekt verknüpft. Wenn Sie das Projekt löschen, wird auch die Studie gelöscht. | Derzeit sind {count} Studien mit diesem Projekt verknüpft. Wenn Sie das Projekt löschen, werden auch die Studien gelöscht.",
+      "warningDocuments": "Derzeit ist {count} Dokument mit diesem Projekt verknüpft. Wenn Sie das Projekt löschen, wird auch das Dokument gelöscht. | Derzeit sind {count} Dokumente mit diesem Projekt verknüpft. Wenn Sie das Projekt löschen, werden auch die Dokumente gelöscht."
+    },
+    "toasts": {
+      "deleteFailed": "Projekt konnte nicht gelöscht werden",
+      "publishFailed": "Projekt konnte nicht veröffentlicht werden",
+      "publishedTitle": "Projekt veröffentlicht",
+      "publishedMessage": "Das Projekt wurde erfolgreich veröffentlicht."
+    },
+    "fields": {
+      "name": {
+        "label": "Name des Projekts",
+        "placeholder": "Mein Projekt"
+      },
+      "description": {
+        "label": "Beschreibung des Projekts",
+        "placeholder": "Meine Projektbeschreibung"
+      },
+      "publicSwitch": "Ist das Projekt öffentlich?"
+    },
+    "exportOptions": {
+      "title": "Optionen",
+      "generateAliases": "Aliase für Studierendennamen generieren",
+      "customSeedOptional": "Benutzerdefinierter Seed (optional):",
+      "seedPlaceholder": "z. B. 846569412",
+      "seedHint": "Der gleiche Seed sorgt für konsistente Aliase in Ihren eigenen Exporten.",
+      "noteLabel": "Hinweis:",
+      "accountSpecificHint": "Aliase sind an Ihr Konto gebunden und stimmen nicht mit den Exporten anderer Benutzer überein.",
+      "gradeFileFormat": "Dateiformat für Noten",
+      "mergeCsvFiles": "CSV-Dateien nach Studie, Schritt und Konfiguration zusammenführen"
+    },
+    "exportSelectSubmissions": "Einreichungen zum Herunterladen auswählen:",
+    "noSubmissionsFound": "Keine Einreichungen für dieses Projekt gefunden.",
+    "exportModal": {
+      "steps": {
+        "selectStudent": "Student auswählen",
+        "options": "Optionen",
+        "confirmDownload": "Download bestätigen",
+        "confirmation": "Bestätigung"
+      },
+      "exportReviewers": "Liste aller Reviewer exportieren",
+      "exportSubmissions": "Submissions exportieren",
+      "exportGrades": "Noten exportieren"
+    }
+  },
+  "settings": {
+    "selectSetting": "Einstellung auswählen",
+    "selectedValue": "Ausgewählter Wert:",
+    "usersSelected": "Benutzer ausgewählt",
+    "setting:": "Einstellung:",
+    "newValue": "Neuer Wert:",
+    "users:": "Benutzer:",
+    "noteBody1": "Dies aktualisiert die ausgewählte benutzerspezifische Einstellung für alle ausgewählten Benutzer. Die globale Standardeinstellung wird nicht geändert.",
+    "setting": "Einstellung",
+    "selectedUsers": "Ausgewählte Benutzer",
+    "updateFailed": "Aktualisierung fehlgeschlagen",
+    "selectSettingAndUser": "Bitte wählen Sie eine Einstellung und mindestens einen Benutzer aus.",
+    "settingsUpdated": "Einstellungen aktualisiert",
+    "updatedMessage": "\"{key}\" für {count} Benutzer aktualisiert.",
+    "mainSettings": "Haupteinstellungen der Anwendung",
+    "sensitiveDataNote": "Hinweis: Stellen Sie sicher, dass keine sensiblen Daten enthalten sind!",
+    "toolbarNote": "Hinweis: Wenn die Toolbar deaktiviert ist, werden alle Tools ausgeblendet!",
+    "nlpSupport": "NLP-Unterstützung aktivieren/deaktivieren",
+    "changeUserSettings": "Benutzereinstellungen ändern",
+    "exportJson": "JSON exportieren",
+    "importJson": "JSON importieren",
+    "saveSettings": "Einstellungen speichern",
+    "saveSettingsUnsaved": "Einstellungen speichern (ungespeicherte Änderungen)",
+    "rememberToSaveBefore": "Denken Sie daran, nach Änderungen auf",
+    "rememberToSaveAfter": "zu klicken.",
+    "importSettings": "Einstellungen importieren",
+    "importDescription": "Wählen Sie eine zuvor heruntergeladene Einstellungsdatei aus. Nur bestehende Schlüssel werden aktualisiert.",
+    "messages": {
+      "unsavedChangesWarning": "Sie haben ungespeicherte Änderungen in Ihren Einstellungen. Möchten Sie wirklich ohne Speichern verlassen?",
+      "settingsLoaded": "Einstellungen geladen",
+      "settingsLoadedMessage": "Die Einstellungen wurden erfolgreich geladen.",
+      "settingsImported": "Einstellungen importiert",
+      "updatedSettings": "{count} bestehende Einstellung(en) aktualisiert."
+    }
+  },
+  "study": {
+    "addSingleAssignment": "Einzelne Zuweisung hinzufügen",
+    "addReviewer": "Reviewer hinzufügen",
+    "addReviewers": "Reviewer hinzufügen",
+    "reviewersAdded": "Reviewer hinzugefügt",
+    "reviewersAddedMessage": "Die Reviewer wurden erfolgreich hinzugefügt",
+    "failedToAddReviewers": "Reviewer konnten nicht hinzugefügt werden",
+    "createBulkAssignment": "Sammelzuweisung erstellen",
+    "noStudyTemplatesAvailable": "Es sind keine Studienvorlagen verfügbar!",
+    "createTemplateToProceed": "Bitte erstellen Sie eine Studienvorlage, um fortzufahren!",
+    "workflowSteps": "Workflow-Schritte:",
+    "workflowStepWithIndex": "Workflow-Schritt {index}:",
+    "assignmentBase": "Zuweisung soll basieren auf:",
+    "annotator": "Annotator",
+    "editor": "Editor",
+    "filterUsersWithDocuments": "Nur Benutzer mit Dokumenten filtern",
+    "filterUsersFromPreviousDocuments": "Nur Benutzer aus zuvor ausgewählten Dokumenten filtern",
+    "defineTheNumberOfReviews": "Definieren Sie die Anzahl der Reviews, die jeder Benutzer der Rolle durchführen soll:",
+    "noRolesAvailable": "Es sind keine Rollen verfügbar!",
+    "selectReviewersOrChangeMode": "Bitte wählen Sie Reviewer mit Rollen aus oder ändern Sie den Auswahlmodus!",
+    "discontributeDocuments": "Dokumente zwischen den ausgewählten Reviewern verteilen:",
+    "remainingAssignments": "Verbleibende Zuweisungen:",
+    "selectMode": "Bitte wählen Sie einen Reviewer-Auswahlmodus",
+    "createAssignmentConfirmPrompt": "Möchten Sie die Zuweisung wirklich mit den folgenden Details erstellen?",
+    "warning": "Warnung:",
+    "notReviewOwnDocument": "Der Zuweisungsprozess stellt sicher, dass ein Reviewer nicht sein eigenes Dokument reviewed.",
+    "warning1": "Dies kann zu einem Fehlschlag im Zuweisungsprozess führen,",
+    "warning2": "stellen Sie daher sicher, dass die Werte korrekt gesetzt sind, damit die Zuweisung erfolgreich ist.",
+    "template": "Vorlage:",
+    "workflow": "Workflow:",
+    "documents": "Dokumente:",
+    "reviewers": "Reviewer:",
+    "reviewsToCreate": "Zu erstellende Reviews:",
+    "selectionMode": "Auswahlmodus:",
+    "roles": "Rollen:",
+    "submissionWithId": "Einreichung {id}",
+    "templateSelection": "Vorlagenauswahl",
+    "documentSelection": "Dokumentauswahl",
+    "reviewerSelection": "Reviewer-Auswahl",
+    "distribution": "Verteilung",
+    "reviewerSelectionMode": "Reviewer-Auswahlmodus",
+    "roleBasedSelection": "Rollenbasierte Auswahl (Anzahl der Dokumente, die von jedem Benutzer der ausgewählten Rollen reviewed werden sollen)",
+    "reviewerBasedSelection": "Reviewer-basierte Auswahl (Dokumente zwischen den ausgewählten Reviewern verteilen)",
+    "nameOfReviewsForRole": "Anzahl der Reviews für Rolle: ",
+    "nameofReviewsForUsers": "Anzahl der Reviews für Benutzer: ",
+    "reviews": "Review(s)",
+    "assignmentCreated": "Zuweisung erstellt",
+    "assignmentCreatedMessage": "Die Zuweisung wurde erfolgreich erstellt",
+    "failedToCreateAssignment": "Zuweisung konnte nicht erstellt werden",
+    "bulkCloseStudies": "Studien gesammelt schließen",
+    "closeStudiesPrompt": "Möchten Sie wirklich alle offenen Studien schließen?",
+    "allStudiesClosed": "Alle Studien geschlossen",
+    "closeAllStudies": "Alle Studien schließen",
+    "allStudiesClosedMessage": "Alle offenen Studien wurden geschlossen",
+    "failedToClose": "Schließen aller Studien fehlgeschlagen",
+    "createTemplate": "Vorlage erstellen",
+    "deleteTemplate": "Vorlage löschen",
+    "deleteTemplatePrompt": "Möchten Sie diese Vorlage wirklich löschen?",
+    "studyTemplateDeleted": "Studienvorlage gelöscht",
+    "studyTemplateDeletedMessage": "Die Studienvorlage wurde gelöscht",
+    "deletionFailed": "Löschen der Studienvorlage fehlgeschlagen",
+    "assignmentType": "Zuweisungstyp:",
+    "workflowAssignments": "Workflow-Zuweisungen:",
+    "createAssignment": "Zuweisung erstellen",
+    "assignmentSelection": "Zuweisungsauswahl",
+    "studySessionsOf": "Studiensitzungen von",
+    "openSession": "Sitzung öffnen",
+    "inspectSession": "Sitzung prüfen",
+    "copySessionLink": "Sitzungslink kopieren",
+    "copySession": "Sitzung kopieren",
+    "deleteSession": "Sitzung löschen",
+    "notYet": "noch nicht",
+    "deleteSessionNote": "Sie sind dabei, eine Sitzung zu löschen; wenn Sie die Sitzung nur beenden möchten, öffnen Sie bitte die Sitzung und brechen Sie das Löschen ab.",
+    "studySessionDeleted": "Studiensitzung gelöscht",
+    "studySessionHasBeenDeleted": "Die Studiensitzung wurde gelöscht",
+    "studySessionNotDeleted": "Studiensitzung nicht gelöscht",
+    "studySessionCopiedMessage": "Studiensitzungslink in die Zwischenablage kopiert!",
+    "sendEmailNotificationToReviewer": "E-Mail-Benachrichtigung an Gutachter senden",
+    "targetWorkflowSelection": "Ziel-Workflow-Auswahl",
+    "selectTargetWorkflow": "Ziel-Workflow auswählen:",
+    "workflowStepMapping": "Workflow-Schritt-Zuordnung",
+    "mapWorkflowStepToTarget": "Ordnen Sie jeden Quell-Workflow-Schritt (aus der Vorlage) einem Ziel-Workflow-Schritt zu:",
+    "sourceStepTargetStep": "Quellschritt {index} ({stepType}) → Zielschritt:",
+    "newStudyOwner": "Neuer Studieninhaber",
+    "userOfStudySession": "Benutzer der Studien-Sitzung",
+    "ownerOfStudy": "Inhaber der Studie",
+    "sessionUserSelectionWarning": "Im sitzungsbasierten Auswahlmodus muss jeder ausgewählte Gutachter eine entsprechende Studien-Sitzung haben.",
+    "reviewersWithoutMatchingStudySessions": "Die folgenden Gutachter haben keine passenden Studien-Sitzungen:",
+    "allReviewersHaveMatchingStudySessions": "Alle ausgewählten Gutachter haben passende Studien-Sitzungen.",
+    "unknownUser": "Unbekannter Benutzer",
+    "running": "Läuft",
+    "finished": "Abgeschlossen",
+    "sessionUserName": "Sitzungs-Benutzername",
+    "studyOwnerUserName": "Studieninhaber-Benutzername",
+    "workflowType": "Workflow-Typ",
+    "submissionGroup": "Einreichungsgruppe",
+    "studySessions": "Studien-Sitzungen",
+    "noEmailWillBeSent": "Keine (Es wird keine E-Mail gesendet)",
+    "sessionUserBasedSelection": "Sitzungsbasierte Auswahl (jede Studien-Sitzung dem ursprünglichen Benutzer zuweisen)",
+    "workflowStepOption": "<Workflow> Schritt {index} ({type})",
+    "revisedDocument": "<Document> Überarbeitetes Dokument",
+    "workflowMapping": "Workflow-Zuordnung",
+    "studySessionSelection": "Studien-Sitzungsauswahl",
+    "sendEmailToParticipants": "E-Mail-Benachrichtigung an Teilnehmer mit offenen Sitzungen senden",
+    "targetWorkflow": "Ziel-Workflow",
+    "selectedStudySession": "Ausgewählte Studien-Sitzung",
+    "sessionWithId": "Sitzung {id}",
+    "stepType": "Schritttyp",
+    "stepOption": "Schritt {index}: {type}"
+  },
+  "users": {
+    "manageRightsFor": "Berechtigungen verwalten für",
+    "role": "Rolle",
+    "selectRightsNote": "Wählen Sie die Berechtigungen für diese Rolle aus. Hinweis: Alle Benutzer haben standardmäßig grundlegende {user}-Berechtigungen.",
+    "userWithQuotes": "\"user\"",
+    "selectRole": "Rolle auswählen",
+    "manageRights": "Berechtigungen verwalten",
+    "rightName": "Berechtigungsname",
+    "description": "Beschreibung",
+    "chooseARole": "Wählen Sie eine Rolle, die dem Benutzer zugewiesen werden soll.",
+    "roleRightsUpdated": "Rollenberechtigungen aktualisiert",
+    "roleRightsUpdatedMessage": "Die Rollenberechtigungen wurden erfolgreich aktualisiert",
+    "userNameLabel": "Benutzername:",
+    "firstNameLabel": "Vorname:",
+    "lastNameLabel": "Nachname:",
+    "emailLabel": "E-Mail:",
+    "updatedAt": "Aktualisiert am",
+    "deletedAt": "Gelöscht am",
+    "userUpdated": "Benutzer aktualisiert",
+    "userUpdatedMessage": "Benutzer erfolgreich aktualisiert!",
+    "bulkImportUsers": "Benutzer gesammelt importieren",
+    "dragAndDropCSV": "CSV-Datei hierher ziehen und ablegen",
+    "orClickToUpload": "oder klicken, um hochzuladen",
+    "csvTemplateHint": "Bitte prüfen Sie das Format oder {0} hier.",
+    "downloadTemplate": "Vorlage herunterladen",
+    "bulkImportConfirm": "Möchten Sie wirklich {newCount} Benutzer gesammelt erstellen {br} und {dupCount} Benutzer überschreiben?",
+    "resultSummary": "{newCount} Benutzer erfolgreich erstellt und {updatedCount} Benutzer überschrieben",
+    "failedListTitle": "Die folgenden Benutzer konnten nicht erstellt werden:",
+    "userCannotBeAdded": "Benutzer mit externer ID {extId} kann nicht hinzugefügt werden: {message}",
+    "uploadToMoodle": "In Moodle hochladen",
+    "downloadResultCsv": "Ergebnis-CSV herunterladen",
+    "moodle": "Moodle",
+    "preview": "Vorschau",
+    "result": "Ergebnis",
+    "uploadingCompleted": "Upload abgeschlossen",
+    "uploadingCompletedMessage": "Bitte gehen Sie zu Moodle, um Ihren Benutzernamen und Ihr Passwort zu überprüfen!",
+    "validationCompleted": "Validierung abgeschlossen",
+    "validationCompletedMessage": "CSV ist gültig!",
+    "pleaseUploadCsv": "Bitte laden Sie eine CSV-Datei hoch",
+    "clearFile": "Datei entfernen",
+    "viewUserRight": "Benutzerberechtigung anzeigen",
+    "userHasNoAssignedRights": "Dieser Benutzer hat keine zugewiesenen Berechtigungen",
+    "userRole": "Benutzerrolle",
+    "userRight": "Benutzerberechtigung",
+    "okay": "OK",
+    "adminHasFullRights": "Administrator hat alle Rechte",
+    "roleNoAssociatedRights": "Diese Rolle hat noch keine zugeordneten Berechtigungen",
+    "csvErrorHint": "Ihre CSV-Datei enthält die folgenden Fehler. Bitte beheben Sie diese und laden Sie die Datei erneut hoch.",
+    "placeholders": {
+      "provideFirstName": "Bitte geben Sie den Vornamen an",
+      "provideLastName": "Bitte geben Sie den Nachnamen an",
+      "provideUsername": "Bitte geben Sie den Benutzernamen an – keine Sonderzeichen",
+      "passwordMinLength": "Das Passwort sollte mindestens 8 Zeichen lang sein",
+      "emailExample": "email{'@'}example.com"
+    },
+    "passwordLabel": "Passwort:",
+    "userCreationCompleted": "Benutzererstellung abgeschlossen",
+    "userCreationCompletedMessage": "Die Benutzererstellung war erfolgreich"
+  },
+  "submission": {
+    "assignGroup": {
+      "title": "Gruppe zuweisen",
+      "applyPercentage": "Prozentsatz der aktuellen Auswahl anwenden (zufällig gewählt):",
+      "applyButton": "Anwenden",
+      "targetCount": "{percentage}% → {target} von {total}",
+      "stepOne": "Einreichungen auswählen",
+      "stepTwo": "Gruppeneinstellungen",
+      "stepThree": "Prüfen & bestätigen",
+      "groupNumber": "Gruppennummer",
+      "groupNumberPlaceholder": "Gruppennummer eingeben",
+      "additionalSettings": "Zusätzliche Einstellungen",
+      "additionalSettingsPlaceholder": "Geben Sie zusätzliche Einstellungen ein",
+      "copySubmissions": "Einreichungen kopieren",
+      "createCopyiesOfSubmissionsLabel": "Kopien der ausgewählten Einreichungen mit der angegebenen Gruppennummer erstellen.",
+      "summaryTitle": "Zuweisungszusammenfassung",
+      "numberOfSubmissions": "Anzahl der Einreichungen:",
+      "groupNumberLabel": "Gruppennummer:",
+      "additionalSettingsLabel": "Zusätzliche Einstellungen:",
+      "copySubmissionsLabel": "Einreichungen kopieren:",
+      "reviewNote": "Bitte prüfen Sie die obenstehenden Informationen, bevor Sie absenden.",
+      "successTitle": "Gruppe zugewiesen",
+      "successMessage": "{count} Einreichung(en) erfolgreich der Gruppe {group} zugewiesen",
+      "failureTitle": "Gruppe konnte nicht zugewiesen werden",
+      "columns": {
+        "additionalSettings": "Zusätzliche Einstellungen",
+        "dataExisting": "Daten vorhanden"
+      },
+      "filters": {
+        "noGroupId": "Keine GroupID"
+      }
+    }
+  },
+  "importModal": {
+    "title": "Moodle-Einreichungen importieren",
+    "stepMoodle": "Moodle",
+    "stepPreview": "Vorschau",
+    "stepConfigure": "Konfigurieren",
+    "stepConfirm": "Bestätigen",
+    "stepResult": "Ergebnis",
+    "assignGroup": "Gruppe zuweisen",
+    "groupNumber": "Gruppennummer",
+    "groupNumberPlaceholder": "Gruppennummer eingeben",
+    "confirmImport": "Importeinstellungen bestätigen",
+    "importSummary": "Import-Zusammenfassung",
+    "submissionsToImport": "Zu importierende Einreichungen:",
+    "groupNumberLabel": "Gruppennummer:",
+    "validationSchema": "Validierungsschema:",
+    "noneSelected": "Nichts ausgewählt",
+    "totalSubmissions": "Einreichungen gesamt:",
+    "requiredFiles": "Erforderliche Dateien:",
+    "validationDetails": "Validierungsdetails:",
+    "validationWillCheck": "Dies validiert den Inhalt der ZIP-Datei gemäß dem Schema \"{name}\". Einreichungen müssen alle erforderlichen Dateien enthalten: {files}.",
+    "noValidationSelected": "Kein Validierungsschema ausgewählt. Einreichungen werden ohne Validierung importiert.",
+    "areYouSure": "Möchten Sie wirklich {count} {message} importieren?",
+    "submissionSingular": "Einreichung",
+    "submissionPlural": "Einreichungen",
+    "successfullyImported": "{count} Einreichung(en) erfolgreich importiert",
+    "failedToImport": "Die folgenden Einreichungen konnten nicht importiert werden:",
+    "userCannotBeImported": "Benutzer mit der Benutzer-ID {userId} kann nicht importiert werden: {message}",
+    "downloadErrorCSV": "Fehler-CSV herunterladen",
+    "failedGetSubmissions": "Studentische Einreichungen konnten nicht aus Moodle abgerufen werden",
+    "failedImportSubmissions": "Einreichung konnte nicht aus Moodle importiert werden",
+    "columns": {
+      "duplicate": "Duplikat",
+      "externalId": "Externe ID",
+      "userId": "Benutzer-ID",
+      "firstName": "Vorname",
+      "lastName": "Nachname",
+      "fileCount": "Dateianzahl"
+    },
+    "filters": {
+      "new": "Neu",
+      "duplicate": "Duplikat"
+    }
+  },
+  "publishModal": {
+    "titleReviews": "Reviews veröffentlichen",
+    "titleSubmissions": "Einreichungen veröffentlichen",
+    "stepDocumentSelection": "Dokumentauswahl",
+    "stepSubmissionSelection": "Einreichungsauswahl",
+    "stepSessionSelection": "Sitzungsauswahl",
+    "stepConfirmation": "Bestätigung",
+    "stepPublishingOptions": "Veröffentlichungsoptionen",
+    "stepMode": "Modus",
+    "selectReviewMode": "Review-Modus auswählen:",
+    "documentBasedReviews": "Dokumentenbasierte Reviews",
+    "documentBasedReviewsDescription": "Review-Links basierend auf einzelnen Dokumenten veröffentlichen",
+    "submissionBasedReviews": "Einreichungsbasierte Reviews",
+    "submissionBasedReviewsDescription": "Review-Links basierend auf Einreichungen veröffentlichen (mehrere Dokumente pro Einreichung)",
+    "textFormat": "Textformat:",
+    "placeholderSessionLinks": "Der Platzhalter ~SESSION_LINKS~ wird durch die Review-Links ersetzt.",
+    "placeholderUsername": "Der Platzhalter ~USERNAME~ wird durch den CARE-Benutzernamen des Dokumentbesitzers ersetzt.",
+    "linkCollection": "Link-Sammlung:",
+    "basedOnStudies": "basierend auf Studien (Sitzungslinks für jede Studie)",
+    "basedOnSessions": "basierend auf Sitzungen (Links zu eigenen Sitzungen)",
+    "links": "Links:",
+    "publishMethod": "Veröffentlichungsmethode:",
+    "downloadCSV": "CSV herunterladen",
+    "chooseDownloadCSV": "Wählen Sie \"CSV herunterladen\", um den generierten Feedback-Text für jeden Empfänger zu exportieren.",
+    "publishReviewLinks": "Studiensitzungslinks veröffentlichen",
+    "csvSuccessfullyGenerated": "CSV erfolgreich erstellt und exportiert",
+    "reviewsPublished": "Reviews veröffentlicht",
+    "reviewLinksPublished": "Die Review-Links wurden erfolgreich veröffentlicht!",
+    "failedPublishReviews": "Reviews konnten nicht veröffentlicht werden",
+    "columns": {
+      "extId": "extId",
+      "submissionId": "Einreichungs-ID",
+      "group": "Gruppe",
+      "firstName": "Vorname",
+      "lastName": "Nachname",
+      "studies": "Studien",
+      "sessions": "Sitzungen",
+      "documentTitle": "Dokumenttitel",
+      "studyName": "Studienname"
+    }
+  },
+  "uploadModal": {
+    "title": "Einreichung hochladen",
+    "stepSelectUser": "Benutzer auswählen",
+    "stepSelectConfig": "Konfiguration auswählen",
+    "stepUploadFile": "Datei hochladen",
+    "assignGroup": "Gruppe zuweisen",
+    "groupNumber": "Gruppennummer",
+    "groupNumberPlaceholder": "Gruppennummer eingeben",
+    "invalidFiles": "Ungültige Datei(en)",
+    "pleaseUploadFiles": "Bitte laden Sie alle erforderlichen Dateien hoch.",
+    "uploadedFile": "Hochgeladene Datei",
+    "fileSuccessfullyUploaded": "Datei erfolgreich hochgeladen!",
+    "failedUploadFile": "Datei konnte nicht hochgeladen werden",
+    "columns": {
+      "id": "ID",
+      "extId": "extId",
+      "firstName": "Vorname",
+      "lastName": "Nachname",
+      "userName": "Benutzername"
+    },
+    "fileLabel": "{format}-Datei:"
+  },
+  "systemRoles": {
+        "regular": "Standardnutzer",
+        "maintainer": "Verwalter",
+        "admin": "Administrator",
+        "system": "System",
+
+        "descriptions": {
+            "regular": "Keine Systemrechte",
+            "maintainer": "Benutzerverwaltung",
+            "admin": "Volle Kontrolle",
+            "system": "Systembenutzer"
+        }
+  },
+  "documents": {
+    "fields": {
+      "selectDoc": "Dokument auswählen",
+      "newEmptyDoc": "Neues leeres Dokument"
+    }
+  },
+  "assessment": {
+    "title": "Bewertung"
+  },
+  "errors": {
+    "permission": {
+      "accessError": "Zugriffsfehler!"
+    },
+    "studies": {
+      "sessionNotFinished": "Studiensitzung nicht abgeschlossen",
+      "stepUpdateFailed": "Aktualisierung des Studienschritts fehlgeschlagen"
+    }
+  },
+  "sessionOverview": {
+    "title": "Übersicht der Studiensitzungen",
+    "showOnlyOpenStudies": "Nur offene Studien anzeigen",
+    "filterWorkflowType": "Workflow-Typ filtern:",
+    "allWorkflows": "Alle Workflows",
+    "step": "Schritt {number}",
+    "columns": {
+      "studyName": "Studienname",
+      "maxStep": "Max. Schritt",
+      "numberOfSteps": "Anzahl der Schritte"
+    }
+  }
+}
+
diff --git a/utils/modules/i18n/de/documents.json b/utils/modules/i18n/de/documents.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7a7de876b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/utils/modules/i18n/de/documents.json
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+{
+  "title": "Dokumente",
+  "document": "Dokument",
+  "preparingPdf": "PDF wird vorbereitet...",
+  "documentDefaultName": "dokument",
+  "addDocument": "Dokument hinzufügen",
+  "uploadDocument": "Dokument hochladen",
+  "uploadNewDocument": "Neues Dokument hochladen",
+  "uploadConfiguration": "Neue Konfigurationsdatei hochladen",
+  "createDocument": "Dokument erstellen",
+  "createNewDocument": "Neues Dokument erstellen",
+  "renameDocument": "Dokument umbenennen...",
+  "deleteDocument": "Dokument löschen...",
+  "accessDocument": "Dokument öffnen...",
+  "publishDocument": "Dokument veröffentlichen...",
+  "downloadPdfWithAnnotations": "PDF mit Annotationen herunterladen",
+  "exportDelta": "Delta in eine lokale Datei exportieren",
+  "exportHtml": "HTML in eine lokale Datei exportieren",
+  "openStudyCoordinator": "Study Coordinator öffnen...",
+  "importAnnotations": "Annotationen importieren",
+  "typeOfDocument": "Dokumenttyp",
+  "chooseDocumentType": "Dokumenttyp auswählen...",
+  "nameOfDocument": "Name des Dokuments",
+  "yesPublish": "Ja, veröffentlichen!",
+  "types": {
+    "pdf": "PDF",
+    "html": "HTML",
+    "modal": "MODAL",
+    "generalHtml": "Allgemeines HTML-Dokument",
+    "studyModal": "Study-Modal-Dokument (nur in Studien verwendbar)"
+  },
+  "fields": {
+    "name": {
+      "label": "Name des Dokuments:",
+      "placeholder": "Mein Dokument"
+    },
+    "hash": {
+      "label": "Hash-ID des Dokuments"
+    },
+    "userId": {
+      "label": "Benutzer-ID des Dokuments"
+    },
+    "publicSwitch": "Ist das Dokument veröffentlicht?"
+  },
+  "messages": {
+    "deleteConfirm": "Sind Sie sicher, dass Sie das Dokument löschen möchten?",
+    "deleteTitle": "Dokument löschen",
+    "studyWarning": "Derzeit laufen {count} Studien zu diesem Dokument. Wenn Sie es löschen, werden die Studien ebenfalls gelöscht!",
+    "documentPublished": "Dokument erfolgreich veröffentlicht!",
+    "documentAvailableAt": "Das Dokument ist unter folgendem Link verfügbar:",
+    "publishConfirm": "Möchten Sie das Dokument wirklich veröffentlichen?",
+    "cannotBeUndone": "Dies kann nicht rückgängig gemacht werden!",
+    "documentPublishedTitle": "Dokument veröffentlicht",
+    "publishedSuccess": "Dokument erfolgreich veröffentlicht!",
+    "linkCopiedMessage": "Link in die Zwischenablage kopiert!",
+    "documentEdited": "Das Dokument wurde erfolgreich bearbeitet.",
+    "documentEditedTitle": "Dokument bearbeitet",
+    "documentEditedMessage": "Dokument erfolgreich bearbeitet!",
+    "configurationUploaded": "Konfiguration hochgeladen",
+    "fileUploaded": "Datei wurde erfolgreich hochgeladen.",
+    "annotationsAdded": "{count} Annotationen wurden hinzugefügt.",
+    "annotationImportPartialFailure": "Das Dokument wurde hochgeladen, aber die automatische Annotationsextraktion ist fehlgeschlagen. Sie können das Dokument weiterhin verwenden, jedoch fehlen möglicherweise einige Annotationen.",
+    "issuesOccurred": "Es sind einige Probleme aufgetreten",
+    "uploadedWithWarnings": "Mit Warnungen hochgeladen",
+    "uploadedFile": "Hochgeladene Datei",
+    "documentCreated": "Dokument erfolgreich erstellt.",
+    "documentNotFoundTitle": "Dokument nicht gefunden",
+    "documentErrorTitle": "Dokumentfehler"
+  },
+  "downloadPdf": {
+    "title": "PDF herunterladen",
+    "includeAnnotations": "Annotationen im PDF einschließen",
+    "preparing": "PDF wird vorbereitet...",
+    "toasts": {
+      "successTitle": "PDF erfolgreich heruntergeladen",
+      "successMessage": "Ihr PDF wurde heruntergeladen.",
+      "successMessageWithAnnotations": "Ihr PDF mit Annotationen wurde heruntergeladen.",
+      "failedTitle": "PDF-Download fehlgeschlagen",
+      "unknownError": "Unbekannter Fehler"
+    }
+  },
+  "templateOptional": "Vorlage (optional):",
+  "noTemplateCreateEmpty": "Keine (leeres Dokument erstellen)",
+  "templatePrefillHint": "Wählen Sie eine Vorlage aus, um den Dokumentinhalt vorauszufüllen (Typ 4: Dokument - Allgemein)"
+}
+
+
diff --git a/utils/modules/i18n/de/editor.json b/utils/modules/i18n/de/editor.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7e3a4f955
--- /dev/null
+++ b/utils/modules/i18n/de/editor.json
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+{
+    "reqTitle": "Anfrage senden",
+    "cmdTitle": "Befehl senden",
+    "cmdToSend": "der zu sendende Befehl",
+    "serviceToContact": "der zu kontaktierende Dienst",
+    "waitingForResponse": "Antwort wird erwartet",
+    "payload": "Dateninhalt",
+    "placeholders": "Platzhalter",
+    "emptyMsgHistory": "Keine Nachrichten gesendet/empfangen.",
+    "messages": {
+        "msgNotReceived": "Innerhalb von 5 Sekunden keine Nachricht vom Server empfangen."
+    },
+    "seePayload": "Dateninhalt ansehen",
+    "request": "Anfrage",
+    "readOnlyMode": "Schreibgeschützter Modus",
+    "copyJsonSuccess": {
+        "title": "JSON kopiert",
+        "message": "JSON in die Zwischenablage kopiert!"
+    },
+    "editJson": "JSON bearbeiten",
+    "unsavedWarning": {
+        "unsavedChanges": "Ungespeicherte Änderungen",
+        "unsavedChangesMessage": "Möchten Sie die Seite wirklich verlassen? Es gibt ungespeicherte Änderungen, die verloren gehen."
+    },
+    "history": "Verlauf",
+    "configurator": "Konfigurator",
+    "readOnly": "Schreibgeschützt",
+    "downloadDocument": "Dokument herunterladen",
+    "annotator": {
+        "annotations": "Anmerkungen",
+        "submitReview": "Review absenden",
+        "report": "Melden",
+        "accept": "Akzeptieren",
+        "reject": "Ablehnen",
+        "hideStudyComments": "Studienkommentare ausblenden",
+        "showStudyComments": "Studienkommentare anzeigen",
+        "deactivateNlpSupport": "NLP-Unterstützung deaktivieren",
+        "activateNlpSupport": "NLP-Unterstützung aktivieren",
+        "downloadAnnotations": "Anmerkungen herunterladen",
+        "documentSubscribeError": "Fehler beim Abonnieren des Dokuments",
+        "searchTags": "Tags suchen",
+        "expandAdder": "Adder erweitern"
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/utils/modules/i18n/de/errors.json b/utils/modules/i18n/de/errors.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..57d9ffe18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/utils/modules/i18n/de/errors.json
@@ -0,0 +1,434 @@
+{
+  "auth": {
+    "invalidResetLink": "Ungültiger Link zum Zurücksetzen des Passworts. Bitte fordern Sie ein neues Passwort an.",
+    "invalidResetToken": "Ungültiges Reset-Token. Bitte fordern Sie ein neues Passwort an.",
+    "invalidOrExpiredToken": "Ungültiges oder abgelaufenes Reset-Token.",
+    "tokenRequired": "Token ist erforderlich.",
+    "tokenAndPasswordRequired": "Token und neues Passwort sind erforderlich.",
+    "failedToValidateToken": "Validierung des Reset-Tokens fehlgeschlagen. Bitte versuchen Sie es erneut.",
+    "failedToResetPassword": "Zurücksetzen des Passworts fehlgeschlagen. Bitte versuchen Sie es später erneut.",
+    "passwordResetFailed": "Zurücksetzen des Passworts fehlgeschlagen",
+    "accessDeniedData": "Sie haben keine Berechtigung, auf diese Daten zuzugreifen.",
+    "passwordResetDisabled": "Das Zurücksetzen des Passworts ist deaktiviert.",
+    "passwordResetRateLimited": "Bitte warten Sie {minutes} Minute(n), bevor Sie eine weitere E-Mail zum Zurücksetzen des Passworts anfordern.",
+    "emailVerificationError": "Fehler bei der Bestätigung der E-Mail",
+    "emailVerificationDisabled": "E-Mail-Verifizierung ist deaktiviert.",
+    "emailAlreadyVerified": "Die E-Mail-Adresse ist bereits verifiziert.",
+    "verificationRateLimited": "Bitte warten Sie {minutes} Minute(n), bevor Sie eine weitere Verifizierungs-E-Mail anfordern.",
+    "failedToVerifyEmail": "E-Mail konnte nicht bestätigt werden. Bitte versuchen Sie es später erneut.",
+    "failedToSendResetEmail": "Die E-Mail zum Zurücksetzen des Passworts konnte nicht gesendet werden.",
+    "failedToSendVerificationEmail": "Bestätigungs-E-Mail konnte nicht gesendet werden. Bitte versuchen Sie es später erneut.",
+    "failedToLogin": "Anmeldung fehlgeschlagen.",
+    "failedToEstablishLoginSession": "Anmeldesitzung konnte nicht erstellt werden.",
+    "authenticationRequired": "Authentifizierung erforderlich.",
+    "emailNotVerified": "Bitte bestätigen Sie Ihre E-Mail-Adresse, bevor Sie sich anmelden.",
+    "failedToCreateUser": "Benutzer konnte nicht erstellt werden.",
+    "emailAlreadyTaken": "E-Mail-Adresse ist bereits vergeben.",
+    "usernameTaken": "Benutzername ist bereits vergeben.",
+    "userNotFoundByEmail": "Benutzer mit dieser E-Mail-Adresse existiert nicht.",
+    "invalidCredentials": "Ungültige Anmeldedaten", 
+    "termsUpdateError": "Fehler beim Aktualisieren der Zustimmung",
+    "consentUpdateError": "Aktualisierung der Zustimmung fehlgeschlagen",
+    "twoFactorSessionSaveFailed": "2FA konnte aufgrund eines Sitzungsproblems nicht gestartet werden. Bitte versuchen Sie erneut, sich anzumelden.",
+    "unsupported2FAMethod": "Dieses Konto verwendet eine nicht unterstützte 2FA-Methode. Bitte kontaktieren Sie einen Administrator.",
+    "orcidLoginDisabled": "ORCID-Anmeldung ist derzeit deaktiviert.",
+    "orcidLoginNotReady": "ORCID-Anmeldung ist aktiviert, aber noch nicht vollständig konfiguriert.",
+    "orcidLoginFailed": "ORCID-Anmeldung fehlgeschlagen. Bitte versuchen Sie es erneut.",
+    "samlLoginDisabled": "SAML-Anmeldung ist derzeit deaktiviert.",
+    "samlLoginNotReady": "SAML-Anmeldung ist aktiviert, aber noch nicht vollständig konfiguriert.",
+    "samlLoginFailed": "SAML-Anmeldung fehlgeschlagen. Bitte versuchen Sie es erneut.",
+    "loginFailed": "Anmeldung fehlgeschlagen. Bitte versuchen Sie es erneut.",
+    "invalidInstitutionalCredentials": "Ungültige institutionelle Anmeldedaten. Bitte versuchen Sie es erneut.",
+    "ldapLoginDisabled": "LDAP-Anmeldung wurde vom Administrator deaktiviert.",
+    "ldapLoginNotReady": "LDAP-Anmeldung ist aktiviert, aber noch nicht vollständig konfiguriert. Bitte kontaktieren Sie einen Administrator.",
+    "ldapLoginFailed": "LDAP-Anmeldung fehlgeschlagen. Bitte versuchen Sie es erneut."
+  },
+  "permission": {
+    "accessError": "Zugriffsfehler",
+    "accessDenied": "Zugriff verweigert.",
+    "noPermission": "Sie haben keine Berechtigung, diese Aktion auszuführen.",
+    "noUploadAccess": "Sie haben keine Berechtigung, Dokumente hochzuladen.",
+    "noUserAccess": "Sie haben keine Berechtigung, auf die Daten dieses Benutzers zuzugreifen.",
+    "noRoleAccess": "Sie haben nicht die erforderliche Rolle, um diese Aktion auszuführen.",
+    "noAnnotationChangePermission": "Sie haben keine Berechtigung, diese Annotation zu verändern.",
+    "cannotUpdateOtherUserTable": "Sie sind nicht berechtigt, die Tabelle {dataTable} für einen anderen Benutzer zu aktualisieren.",
+    "noDataAccess": "Sie haben keine Berechtigung, auf diese Daten zuzugreifen",
+    "noCommentEditPermission": "Sie sind nicht berechtigt, diesen Kommentar zu bearbeiten.",
+    "noCommentPermission": "Sie sind nicht berechtigt, einen Kommentar hinzuzufügen.",
+    "noCommentAccess": "Sie haben keinen Zugriff auf diesen Kommentar",
+    "noPermissionToAccesData": "Sie haben keine Berechtigung, auf diese Daten zuzugreifen",
+    "noPreprocessSubmissionPermission": "Sie haben keine Berechtigung, Einreichungen vorzuverarbeiten"
+  },
+  "configuration": {
+    "idRequired": "Konfigurations-ID ist erforderlich.",
+    "idRequiredNoPeriod": "Konfigurations-ID ist erforderlich",
+    "contentRequired": "Konfigurationsinhalt ist erforderlich.",
+    "contentRequiredNoPeriod": "Konfigurationsinhalt ist erforderlich",
+    "notFound": "Konfiguration nicht gefunden.",
+    "accessDenied": "Zugriff verweigert",
+    "createForOtherUsersDenied": "Sie haben keine Berechtigung, Konfigurationen für andere Benutzer zu erstellen."
+  },
+  "validation": {
+    "fillAllFields": "Bitte füllen Sie alle Felder korrekt aus.",
+    "ensurePasswordRequirements": "Bitte stellen Sie sicher, dass die Passwörter den Anforderungen entsprechen.",
+    "validationError": "Validierungsfehler",
+    "validationErrorWithMessage": "Validierungsfehler: {message}",
+    "validationFailed": "Validierung fehlgeschlagen: {message}",
+    "validationFailedGeneric": "Validierung fehlgeschlagen",
+    "required": "Dieses Feld ist erforderlich",
+    "requiredFieldMissing": "Erforderliches Feld fehlt: {fieldKey}",
+    "tableNameRequired": "Tabellenname ist erforderlich",
+    "fileDownloadFailed": "Datei {fileName} konnte nicht heruntergeladen werden: {message}",
+    "schemaNotFound": "Validierungsschema nicht gefunden: {configurationId}",
+    "additionalFilesNotAllowed": "Zusätzliche Dateien sind nicht erlaubt. Gefunden: {files}",
+    "requiredFileMissing": "Erforderliche Datei fehlt: {file}",
+    "cannotOpenZip": "ZIP-Datei {fileName} kann nicht geöffnet werden: {message}",
+    "requiredFileMissingInZip": "Erforderliche Datei fehlt in ZIP {zipFileName}: {file}",
+    "tooManyMatchesInZip": "Zu viele Treffer für {file} in ZIP {zipFileName}: gefunden {found}, maximal {max}",
+    "filesMustBeLocatedInZipRoot": "Dateien müssen entweder im ZIP-Stammverzeichnis oder in einem einzelnen obersten Verzeichnis in {zipFileName} liegen. Gefunden wurde eine Datei in einem verschachtelten Unterverzeichnis: {entry}",
+    "disallowedFileFoundInZip": "Nicht erlaubte Datei in ZIP {zipFileName} gefunden: {entry}. Erlaubte zusätzliche Dateitypen: {types}",
+    "zipReadError": "Fehler beim Lesen der ZIP-Datei {fileName}: {message}",
+    "invalidJson": "Ungültiges JSON: {error}",
+    "auth": {
+      "provideUsername": "Bitte geben Sie einen gültigen Benutzernamen an.",
+      "providePassword": "Bitte geben Sie ein gültiges Passwort mit mindestens 8 Zeichen an.",
+      "provideEmail": "Bitte geben Sie eine gültige E-Mail-Adresse an.",
+      "provideFirstName": "Bitte geben Sie Ihren Vornamen an.",
+      "provideLastName": "Bitte geben Sie Ihren Nachnamen an.",
+      "usernameNoSpecialChars": "Bitte geben Sie einen gültigen Benutzernamen ohne Sonderzeichen an.",
+      "passwordMinLength": "Ihr Passwort muss mindestens 8 Zeichen lang sein.",
+      "passwordMinLengthNoLong": "Das Passwort muss mindestens 8 Zeichen lang sein.",
+      "passwordWhitespaceOnly": "Das Passwort darf nicht nur aus Leerzeichen bestehen.",
+      "passwordControlChars": "Das Passwort darf keine Steuerzeichen oder nicht druckbaren Zeichen enthalten.",
+      "passwordUnsupportedCharacters": "Das Passwort darf keine Emojis oder Sonderzeichen enthalten. Verwenden Sie Buchstaben, Zahlen und normale Satzzeichen.",
+      "acceptTermsRequired": "Bitte akzeptieren Sie die Nutzungsbedingungen.",
+      "passwordsDoNotMatch": "Die Passwörter stimmen nicht überein.",
+      "provideInstitutionalUsername": "Bitte geben Sie Ihren institutionellen Benutzernamen ein.",
+      "provideInstitutionalPassword": "Bitte geben Sie Ihr institutionelles Passwort ein.",
+      "passwordRequirements": "Das Passwort muss mindestens 8 Zeichen lang sein. Verwenden Sie Buchstaben, Zahlen und normale Satzzeichen; keine Nur-Leerzeichen-Passwörter oder Emojis.",
+      "passwordInvalidChars": "Das Passwort darf keine Leerzeichen, Steuerzeichen oder Emojis enthalten. Verwenden Sie Buchstaben, Zahlen und Sonderzeichen."
+    },
+    "documents": {
+      "selectValidType": "Bitte wählen Sie einen gültigen Dokumententyp aus.",
+      "noName": "Kein Name angegeben",
+      "enterName": "Bitte geben Sie einen Namen für das Dokument ein."
+    }
+  },
+  "file": {
+    "noFileUploaded": "Keine Datei hochgeladen",
+    "invalidFileType": "Ungültiger Dateityp",
+    "onlyJsonAllowed": "Nur JSON-Dateien sind erlaubt.",
+    "onlyPdfDeltaAllowed": "Nur PDF- und Delta-Dateien sind erlaubt.",
+    "invalidJson": "Ungültiges JSON-Format",
+    "jsonMustBeObject": "Das JSON muss ein Objekt mit Schlüssel/Wert-Paaren sein.",
+    "noFileSelected": "Keine Datei ausgewählt",
+    "selectJsonFile": "Bitte wählen Sie eine JSON-Datei zum Importieren aus.",
+    "noTableAvailable": "{tableType} steht nicht zur Auswahl.",
+    "noParameters": "Keine Parameter für die Dateiauswahl gefunden. Alle Parameter verwenden konfigurationsbasierte Eingaben.",
+    "pdfNotFound": "PDF-Datei wurde nicht gefunden",
+    "tableNameRequired": "Tabellenname ist erforderlich",
+    "copyJsonError": {
+      "title": "JSON nicht kopiert",
+      "notCopiedMsg": "JSON konnte nicht in die Zwischenablage kopiert werden!",
+      "notLoadedMsg": "JSON konnte nicht kopiert werden, da es nicht geladen oder leer ist."
+    },
+    "pdfLoadingError": {
+        "title": "Fehler beim Laden der PDF-Datei",
+        "message": "Laden der PDF-Datei fehlgeschlagen. Stellen Sie sicher, dass die Datei nicht beschädigt ist und im gültigen PDF-Format vorliegt."
+    }
+  },
+  "clipboard": {
+    "linkNotCopied": "Link nicht kopiert",
+    "copyFailed": "Link konnte nicht in die Zwischenablage kopiert werden!",
+    "retrieveFailed": "Die URL konnte nicht abgerufen werden. Bitte versuchen Sie es später erneut.",
+    "configNotCopied": "Konfiguration nicht kopiert",
+    "skillConfigCopyFailed": "Skill-Konfiguration konnte nicht in die Zwischenablage kopiert werden!",
+    "couldNotCopyStudySession":"Link zur Studiensitzung konnte nicht in die Zwischenablage kopiert werden!"
+  },
+  "documents": {
+    "deleteFailed": "Löschen des Dokuments fehlgeschlagen",
+    "documentNotPublished": "Dokument nicht veröffentlicht",
+    "documentEditFailed": "Bearbeitung des Dokuments fehlgeschlagen",
+    "failedToUploadConfiguration": "Fehler beim Hochladen der Konfiguration",
+    "failedToUpload": "Hochladen fehlgeschlagen",
+    "failedToProcessPdf": "Verarbeitung der PDF-Datei fehlgeschlagen",
+    "errorProcessingPdf": "Fehler bei der Verarbeitung der PDF-Datei",
+    "failedToLoadDocContent": "Laden des Dokumenteninhalts fehlgeschlagen.",
+    "documentOpenError": "Fehler beim Öffnen des Dokuments",
+    "documentCloseError": "Fehler beim Schließen des Dokuments",
+    "documentError": "Dokumentfehler",
+    "uploadingFailed": "Hochladen fehlgeschlagen",
+    "noDocumentSelected": "Sie müssen ein Dokument auswählen.",
+    "notFound": "Dokument nicht gefunden.",
+    "withIdNotFound": "Dokument mit ID {documentId} nicht gefunden",
+    "byIdNotFound": "Dokument {documentId} nicht gefunden",
+    "unsupportedDocumentTypeOperation": "Diese Operation wird nur für HTML/MODAL-Dokumente unterstützt.",
+    "processingError": "Fehler bei der Verarbeitung von Dokument {documentId}: {message}",
+    "fileNotFound": "Datei für Dokument {documentId} nicht gefunden: {filePath}",
+    "readError": "Fehler beim Lesen der Dokumentdatei {documentId}: {message}",
+    "doesNotExistOrDeleted": "Das Dokument existiert nicht oder wurde gelöscht.",
+    "noAccess": "Sie haben keinen Zugriff auf dieses Dokument.",
+    "fileMissingFromServer": "Die Dokumentdatei {filename} fehlt auf dem Server.",
+    "noUploadAccess": "Benutzer hat keinen Zugriff zum Hochladen von Dokumenten",
+    "updateNotAllowed": "Sie dürfen dieses Dokument nicht aktualisieren",
+    "nonHtmlModalUnsupported": "Nicht-HTML/Modal-Dokumente werden für diese Operation nicht unterstützt",
+    "nonHtmlModalUnsupportedUppercase": "Nicht-HTML/MODAL-Dokumente werden für diese Operation nicht unterstützt",
+    "idRequired": "Dokument-ID ist erforderlich.",
+    "fileNotFoundByName": "Datei {fileName} nicht gefunden",
+    "noReviewLinkUploadPermission": "Sie haben keine Berechtigung, Review-Links hochzuladen",
+    "replaceAssignmentClosed": "Einreichung kann nicht ersetzt werden, da das Assignment geschlossen ist.",
+    "replaceNotAllowed": "Sie dürfen diese Einreichung nicht ersetzen.",
+    "replaceDocumentsUsedInStudies": "Einreichung kann nicht ersetzt werden, da mindestens ein verknüpftes Dokument in Studien verwendet wird.",
+    "annotationDeleteOriginalFailed": "Fehler beim Löschen von Annotationen: Ursprüngliche Annotationen konnten nicht gelöscht werden",
+    "annotationDeleteFailed": "Fehler beim Löschen von Annotationen: {message}",
+    "annotationDeleteFailedGeneric": "Fehler beim Löschen von Annotationen.",
+    "exactTextNotFound": "Exakter Text \"{text}\" wurde im Dokumenttext nicht gefunden",
+    "textPositionExtractionFailed": "Fehler beim Extrahieren von Textpositionen für Text \"{text}\".",
+    "annotationAddFailed": "Fehler beim Hinzufügen der Annotation.",
+    "automaticAnnotationExtractionFailed": "Das Dokument wurde hochgeladen, aber die automatische Annotationsextraktion ist fehlgeschlagen. Sie können das Dokument weiterhin verwenden, aber Annotationen können fehlen.",
+    "notEnoughDocumentsForRole": "Nicht genügend Dokumente zur Überprüfung für die Rolle {roleName}. Bitte fügen Sie weitere Dokumente hinzu.",
+    "notEnoughDocumentsForReviewer": "Nicht genügend Dokumente zur Überprüfung für {reviewerName}. Bitte fügen Sie weitere Dokumente hinzu."
+  },
+  "editor": {
+    "cursorPositionError": {
+      "title": "Keine Cursorposition",
+      "message": "Bitte klicken Sie in den Editor, um die Cursorposition festzulegen, bevor Sie einen Platzhalter einfügen. "
+    },
+    "previousEditFailed": "Vorherige Bearbeitung fehlgeschlagen. Bitte versuchen Sie es erneut.",
+    "editHistoryRetrievalFailed": "Fehler beim Abrufen des Bearbeitungsverlaufs"
+  },
+  "studies": {
+    "studyCannotStart": "Studie kann nicht gestartet werden!",
+    "studyClosingFailed": "Schließen der Studie fehlgeschlagen",
+    "studyDeleteFailed": "Löschen der Studie fehlgeschlagen",
+    "studyRestartFailed": "Neustart der Studie fehlgeschlagen",
+    "templateSaveFailed": "Speichern der Vorlage fehlgeschlagen",
+    "templateCreationFailed": "Erstellung der Vorlage fehlgeschlagen",
+    "sessionNotFinished": "Sitzung nicht beendet",
+    "stepUpdateFailed": "Aktualisierung des Schritts fehlgeschlagen",
+    "studyClosed": "Diese Studie ist geschlossen",
+    "studyEnded": "Diese Studie ist beendet",
+    "studyNotFound": "Studie nicht gefunden",
+    "studyNotStarted": "Diese Studie wurde noch nicht gestartet",
+    "sessionLimitExceeded": "Es können nicht mehr als {limit} Sitzungen erstellt werden.",
+    "sessionLimitPerUserExceeded": "Es können nicht mehr als {limit} Sitzungen für diesen Benutzer erstellt werden.",
+    "missingContextOrStepDocuments": "Kontext oder Schrittdokumente in den Optionen fehlen. Transaktion wird abgebrochen.",
+    "noPermissionSaveAsTemplate": "Keine Berechtigung, die Studie als Vorlage zu speichern",
+    "studyIdRequired": "studyId ist erforderlich",
+    "studyAlreadyClosed": "Studie ist bereits geschlossen",
+    "notAllowedToSeeStudy": "Sie dürfen diese Studie nicht sehen",
+    "errorTitle": "Fehler",
+    "studySession": {
+      "notFound": "Studiensitzung nicht gefunden",
+      "idRequired": "studySessionId ist erforderlich",
+      "alreadyFinished": "Studiensitzung wurde bereits beendet",
+      "cannotFinishClosedStudy": "Sitzung kann nicht beendet werden: Die Studie wurde geschlossen. Sitzungen werden automatisch beendet, wenn eine Studie geschlossen wird."
+    },
+    "studyStep": {
+      "notFound": "Kein erster Schritt für diese Studie gefunden",
+      "referencedStepNotFound": "Referenzierter Studienschritt für Workflow-Schritt {originalEntryId} nicht gefunden",
+      "referencedDocumentNotFound": "Referenziertes Dokument für Studienschritt {referencedStudyStepId} nicht gefunden",
+      "documentNotFound": "Dokument nicht gefunden: Dokument-ID {dataDocumentId} fehlt für Schritt {dataWorkflowStepId}",
+      "documentNotFoundExact": "Dokument nicht gefunden: documentId {dataDocumentId} fehlt für Schritt {dataWorkflowStepId}",
+      "documentTypeMismatch": "Dokumenttyp stimmt nicht überein: Schritt {dataWorkflowStepId} erwartet ein Editor-Dokument (Typ 1), es wurde jedoch Typ {documentType} gefunden."
+    }
+  },
+  "templates": {
+    "missingCreateFields": "Erforderliche Felder fehlen: Name, Beschreibung, Typ, Inhalt",
+    "adminOnlyEmailTemplateCreate": "Zugriff verweigert: Nur Administratoren können E-Mail-Vorlagen erstellen",
+    "templateIdRequired": "Vorlagen-ID ist erforderlich",
+    "modelsObjectRequired": "Models-Objekt ist erforderlich",
+    "languageRequired": "Sprache ist erforderlich",
+    "notFound": "Vorlage nicht gefunden",
+    "viewOwnOrPublicOnly": "Sie können nur Vorlagen anzeigen, die Ihnen gehören, oder öffentliche Vorlagen anderer Benutzer",
+    "deltaOperationsRequired": "Delta-Operationen sind erforderlich",
+    "editOwnContentOnly": "Sie können nur Inhalte von Vorlagen bearbeiten, die Ihnen gehören",
+    "copiedCannotBeEdited": "Kopierte Vorlagen können nicht bearbeitet werden",
+    "accessDenied": "Zugriff verweigert",
+    "typeRequired": "Vorlagentyp ist erforderlich und muss 1-6 sein",
+    "missingPlaceholderFields": "Erforderliche Felder fehlen: placeholderKey, placeholderLabel, placeholderType",
+    "placeholderIdRequired": "Platzhalter-ID ist erforderlich",
+    "noFieldsToUpdate": "Keine Felder zum Aktualisieren",
+    "viewPlaceholdersOwnOrPublicOnly": "Zugriff verweigert: Sie können nur Platzhalter für Vorlagen anzeigen, die Ihnen gehören, oder öffentliche Vorlagen anderer Benutzer",
+    "addLanguageOwnOnly": "Sie können Sprachinhalte nur zu Vorlagen hinzufügen, die Ihnen gehören",
+    "contextObjectRequired": "Kontextobjekt ist erforderlich",
+    "missingRequiredPlaceholders": "Diese E-Mail-Vorlage muss die erforderlichen Platzhalter enthalten: {tokens}. Fügen Sie sie vor dem Speichern über die Toolbar hinzu.",
+    "missingRequiredPlaceholdersPublishing": "Diese E-Mail-Vorlage muss die erforderlichen Platzhalter enthalten: {tokens}. Fügen Sie sie vor der Veröffentlichung über die Toolbar hinzu.",
+    "missingRequiredPlaceholdersAssigning": "Diese E-Mail-Vorlage muss die erforderlichen Platzhalter enthalten: {tokens}. Fügen Sie sie vor der Zuweisung über die Toolbar hinzu.",
+    "missingRequiredPlaceholdersInLanguagePublishing": "Diese E-Mail-Vorlage muss die erforderlichen Platzhalter enthalten: {tokens} in {language}, bevor sie veröffentlicht wird. Fügen Sie sie im Vorlagen-Editor über die Toolbar hinzu.",
+    "missingRequiredPlaceholdersInLanguageAssigning": "Diese E-Mail-Vorlage muss die erforderlichen Platzhalter enthalten: {tokens} in {language}, bevor sie zugewiesen wird. Fügen Sie sie im Vorlagen-Editor über die Toolbar hinzu.",
+    "detachOwnCopiesOnly": "Sie können nur Ihre eigenen Kopien trennen",
+    "notACopy": "Vorlage ist keine Kopie",
+    "sourceTemplateIdRequired": "Quellvorlagen-ID ist erforderlich",
+    "adminOnlyEmailTemplateCopy": "Zugriff verweigert: Nur Administratoren können E-Mail-Vorlagen kopieren",
+    "updateOwnCopiesOnly": "Sie können nur Ihre eigenen Kopien aktualisieren",
+    "deleteOwnOnly": "Sie können nur Vorlagen löschen, die Ihnen gehören",
+    "publicEmailCannotDelete": "Öffentliche E-Mail-Vorlagen können nicht gelöscht werden",
+    "assignedEmailTemplate": "Vorlage ist derzeit als E-Mail-Vorlage zugewiesen ({settingNames}). Bitte heben Sie die Zuweisung in den Einstellungen vor dem Löschen auf.",
+    "withIdNotFound": "Vorlage mit ID {sourceTemplateId} nicht gefunden",
+    "withUpperIdNotFound": "Vorlage mit ID {templateId} nicht gefunden",
+    "onlyPublicCanBeCopied": "Nur öffentliche Vorlagen können kopiert werden",
+    "cannotCopyOwn": "Sie können Ihre eigene Vorlage nicht kopieren",
+    "alreadyCopied": "Sie haben diese Vorlage bereits kopiert",
+    "notCopyOrDoesNotExist": "Vorlage ist keine Kopie oder existiert nicht",
+    "sourceNoLongerAvailable": "Quellvorlage ist nicht mehr verfügbar",
+    "cannotMakeNonPublic": "Eine Vorlage kann nicht mehr nicht-öffentlich gemacht werden, nachdem sie öffentlich gemacht wurde",
+    "updateOwnOnly": "Sie können nur Vorlagen aktualisieren, die Ihnen gehören"
+  },
+  "settings": {
+    "errorLoading": "Fehler beim Laden der Einstellungen",
+    "errorSaving": "Fehler beim Speichern der Einstellungen",
+    "failedToImport": "Import der Einstellungen fehlgeschlagen",
+    "noAccessPermission": "Sie haben keine Berechtigung, auf die Einstellungen zuzugreifen.",
+    "noSavePermission": "Sie haben keine Berechtigung, die Einstellungen zu speichern.",
+    "noTestMailPermission": "Sie haben keine Berechtigung, eine Test-E-Mail zu senden.",
+    "cannotOverrideSystemSetting": "Die Einstellung \"{key}\" ist eine Systemeinstellung und kann nicht als Benutzereinstellung geändert werden.",
+    "cannotChangeLanguage": "Sie dürfen die Benutzeroberflächensprache nicht ändern."
+  },
+  "users": {
+    "errorFetchingUsers": "Fehler beim Abrufen der Nutzer",
+    "userNotDeleted": "Nutzer nicht gelöscht",
+    "updateFailed": "Aktualisierung fehlgeschlagen",
+    "failedToGetUsersFromMoodle": "Fehler beim Abrufen der Nutzer von Moodle",
+    "failedToBulkCreateUsers": "Fehler beim Massenanlegen von Nutzern",
+    "failedToCheckDuplicateUsers":"Fehler beim Überprüfen doppelter Nutzer",
+    "failedToCheckDuplicateUsersMessage": "Bitte wenden Sie sich an das CARE-Team, um das Problem zu beheben.",
+    "errorFetchingUserRights": "Fehler beim Abrufen der Nutzerrechte",
+    "userCreationFailed": "Erstellung des Nutzers fehlgeschlagen",
+    "userNotFound": "Nutzer wurde nicht gefunden",
+    "failedToUpdateUser": "Fehler beim Aktualisieren des Nutzers: Nutzer wurde nicht gefunden",
+    "noUserFoundForRole": "Für die Rolle {roleName} wurden keine Benutzer gefunden. Bitte fügen Sie der Rolle Benutzer hinzu.",
+    "userRightsArgumentMismatch": "Benutzerrechte und Argument stimmen nicht überein",
+    "noRightToLoadUsersByRole": "Dieser Benutzer hat nicht das Recht, Benutzer nach ihrer Rolle zu laden.",
+    "incorrectPassword": "Sie haben ein falsches Passwort eingegeben",
+    "noPermissionGetRoleRights": "Keine Berechtigung, Rollenrechte abzurufen",
+    "noPermissionGetAllRights": "Keine Berechtigung, alle Rechte abzurufen",
+    "noPermissionAssignRoleRights": "Keine Berechtigung, Rollenrechte zuzuweisen",
+    "adminAccessRequired": "Administratorzugriff erforderlich",
+    "userWithMailNotFound": "Nutzer mit E-Mail {email} wurde nicht gefunden",
+    "duplicateEmail": "Doppelte E-Mail",
+    "bulkCreateValidationFailed": "{message}"
+  },
+  "submission": {
+        "notFound": "Einreichung mit ID {submissionId} nicht gefunden",
+    "notFoundForAssignment": "Einreichung mit ID {submissionId} wurde für diese Zuweisung nicht gefunden.",
+        "documentCopyFailed": "Fehler beim Kopieren des Dokuments mit ID {documentId}: {message}",
+        "noValidFiles": "Keine gültigen Dateien für Einreichung {submissionId} gefunden",
+        "missingAdminRights": "Vorverarbeitung kann nicht abgebrochen werden: fehlende Administratorrechte",
+        "noActivePreprocessing": "Vorverarbeitung kann nicht abgebrochen werden: keine aktive Vorverarbeitung",
+        "invalidPreprocessRequest": "Ungültige Anfrage zur Vorverarbeitung.",
+        "noSkillParameterMappings": "Keine Skill-Parameterzuordnungen angegeben.",
+        "copyFailed": "Die Einreichung {submissionId} konnte nicht kopiert werden. Fehler: {originalMessage}",
+        "copyWithIdFailed": "Einreichung mit {submissionId} konnte nicht kopiert werden: {message}",
+        "updateNotAllowed": "Sie dürfen diese Einreichung nicht aktualisieren.",
+        "noGradeUploadPermission": "Sie haben keine Berechtigung, Noten hochzuladen",
+        "notFoundGeneric": "Einreichung nicht gefunden.",
+        "deleteAssignmentClosed": "Einreichung kann nicht gelöscht werden, da das Assignment geschlossen ist.",
+        "deleteDocumentsUsedInStudies": "Einreichung kann nicht gelöscht werden, da mindestens ein verknüpftes Dokument in Studien verwendet wird."
+  },
+  "tags": {
+    "tagSetDeleteFailed": "Löschen des Tag-Sets fehlgeschlagen",
+    "tagSetPublishFailed": "Veröffentlichung des Tag-Sets fehlgeschlagen",
+    "tagSetEmpty": "Tag-Set ist leer",
+    "tagSetEmptyMessage": "Sie können kein leeres Tag-Set als Standard auswählen.",
+    "tagUpdateFailed": "Aktualisierung des Tags fehlgeschlagen",
+    "emptyTagset": {
+      "title": "Leeres Tagset",
+      "message": "Es wurde kein Tag-Set oder ein leeres Tag-Set ausgewählt. Annotationen können nicht erstellt werden."
+    }
+
+  },
+  "annotator": {
+    "commentNotUpdated": "Kommentar nicht aktualisiert",
+    "annotationUpdateFailed": "Aktualisierung der Annotation fehlgeschlagen",
+    "annotationNotRetrieved": "Annotation nicht abgerufen",
+    "commentsNotRetrieved": "Kommentare nicht abgerufen",
+    "commentsLoadFailedInternal": "Interner Serverfehler. Kommentare konnten nicht geladen werden."
+  },
+  "nlp": {
+    "timeout": "Zeitüberschreitung bei der Anfrage für Skill {skill} - Anfrage fehlgeschlagen!",
+    "invalidService": "Der bereitgestellte Service ist ungültig. Bitte wenden Sie sich an den Serviceanbieter.",
+    "configCopyFailed": "Konfiguration nicht geladen oder leer, kann nicht kopiert werden.",
+    "downloadFailed": "Download fehlgeschlagen",
+    "configDownloadFailed": "Fehler beim Herunterladen der Skill-Konfiguration, da sie nicht geladen ist",
+    "msgNotReceived": "Keine Nachricht vom Server innerhalb von 5 Sekunden erhalten."
+  },
+  "server": {
+    "unexpectedError": "Ein unerwarteter Fehler ist aufgetreten. Bitte versuchen Sie es erneut.",
+    "unknownError": "Unbekannter Fehler",
+    "internalServerError": "Interner Serverfehler"
+  },
+  "statistics": {
+    "userRightsArgumentMismatch": "Benutzerrechte und Argument stimmen nicht überein"
+  },
+  "page": {
+    "notFoundTitle": "404 - Nicht gefunden",
+    "notFoundMessage": "Die Seite, die Sie suchen, existiert nicht."
+  },
+  "download": {
+    "abortedTitle": "Download abgebrochen",
+    "serverTimeout": "Der Server hat nicht geantwortet. Bitte versuchen Sie es später erneut.",
+    "inProgress": "Ein weiterer Download ist im Gange. Bitte warten Sie.",
+    "exportAbortedTitle": "Export abgebrochen",
+    "exportFailedTitle": "Export fehlgeschlagen",
+    "exportFailedMessage": "Export für {id} fehlgeschlagen."
+  },
+  "element": {
+    "invalidInput": "Die Eingabe ist ungültig.",
+    "fieldRequired": "Dieses Feld ist erforderlich."
+  },
+  "collaboration": {
+    "collabUpdateFailed": "Aktualisierung der Kollaboration fehlgeschlagen",
+    "collabCreationFailed":  "Kollaboration konnte nicht gestartet werden"
+  },
+  "connectionError": "Verbindungsfehler! Verbindung wird wiederhergestellt...",
+  "roles": {
+    "loadAvailableRightsFailed": "Fehler beim Laden der verfügbaren Rechte",
+    "loadRoleRightsFailed": "Rollenberechtigungen konnten nicht geladen werden",
+    "assignRoleRightsFailed": "Rollenberechtigungen konnten nicht zugewiesen werden"
+  },
+  "csv": {
+    "missingRequiredHeaders": "CSV-Datei enthält nicht alle erforderlichen Überschriften",
+    "emptyValue": "Leerer Wert gefunden für {key} an Index {index}",
+    "duplicateId": "Doppelte ID gefunden: {extId} an Index {index}",
+    "duplicateEmail": "Doppelte E-Mail gefunden: {email} an Index {index}",
+    "rolesNotCommaSeparated": "Rollen sind nicht durch Kommas getrennt für ID {id} an Index {index}",
+    "invalidEmailFormat": "Ungültiges E-Mail-Format für ID {id} an Index {index}: {email}",
+    "parseError": "Fehler beim Verarbeiten der Datei: {message}"
+  },
+  "rpc": {
+    "serviceNotConnected": "Kein Verbindung zum RPC-Dienst",
+    "requestFailed": "RPC-Anfrage {eventName} fehlgeschlagen: {message}",
+    "downloadFailed": "Herunterladen von Einreichungen fehlgeschlagen: {message}",
+    "annotationExtractionFailed": "Extraktion von Annotationen fehlgeschlagen: {message}",
+    "annotationEmbeddingFailed": "Einbettung von Annotationen fehlgeschlagen: {message}",
+    "annotationDeletionFailed": "Loeschen von Annotationen fehlgeschlagen: {message}"
+  },
+  "database": {
+    "failedToUpdateData": "Aktualisierung der Daten fehlgeschlagen"
+  },
+  "backgroundTask": {
+    "noDocumentSocketForClient": "Kein DocumentSocket für den Client gefunden",
+    "invalidPreprocessRequest": "Ungültige Anfragedaten: skillName oder skillParameterMappings fehlen",
+    "noCompletedPreprocessing": "Abschluss kann nicht bestätigt werden: keine abgeschlossene Vorverarbeitung zum Bestätigen",
+    "confirmCompletionMissingAdminRights": "Abschluss kann nicht bestätigt werden: fehlende Administratorrechte"
+  },
+  "assignment": {
+    "notFound": "Zuweisung mit ID {assignmentId} wurde nicht gefunden.",
+    "revisionLimitReached": "Revisionslimit erreicht: Benutzer {userId} hat bereits {submissionCount} Einreichung(en) für diese Zuweisung (max.: {maxRevisions}).",
+    "maxRevisionsReached": "Maximale Anzahl an Revisionen für diese Zuweisung erreicht ({currentCount}/{maxRevisions}).",
+    "unableToAssignEnoughDocuments": "Es konnten nicht genügend Dokumente für {reviewerName} in der Rolle {roleName} zugewiesen werden.",
+    "noUsersFoundForRole": "Für die Rolle {roleName} wurden keine Benutzer gefunden. Bitte fügen Sie der Rolle Benutzer hinzu.",
+    "notEnoughDocumentsForRole": "Nicht genügend Dokumente zur Überprüfung für die Rolle {roleName}. Bitte fügen Sie weitere Dokumente hinzu.",
+    "notEnoughDocumentsForReviewer": "Nicht genügend Dokumente zur Überprüfung für {reviewerName}. Bitte fügen Sie weitere Dokumente hinzu.",
+    "couldNotAssignReviewers": "Nicht alle Reviewer konnten zugewiesen werden. Bitte versuchen Sie es erneut.",
+    "studySessionOwnerNotSelectedReviewer": "Der Besitzer der Studiensitzung (Benutzer-ID: {reviewerId}) ist nicht in der ausgewählten Reviewerliste. Bitte fügen Sie ihn zur Reviewerauswahl hinzu.",
+    "invalidMode":"Für die Erstellung der Zuweisung wurde ein ungültiger Modus angegeben.",
+    "firstStepNotSubmission": "Der ausgewählte erste Schritt ist keiner Einreichung zugeordnet.",
+    "latestSubmissionNotFound": "Die neueste Version der ausgewählten Einreichung konnte nicht gefunden werden."
+  },
+  "common": {
+    "resourceNotFound": "Die angeforderte Ressource existiert nicht oder wurde gelöscht.",
+    "accessDenied": "Sie haben keine Berechtigung, auf diese Daten zuzugreifen."
+  }
+}
diff --git a/utils/modules/i18n/de/index.js b/utils/modules/i18n/de/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5c21676cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/utils/modules/i18n/de/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+import common from './common.json'
+import auth from './auth.json'
+import errors from './errors.json'
+import dashboard from './dashboard.json'
+import documents from './documents.json'
+import users from './users.json'
+import studies from './studies.json'
+import annotator from './annotator.json'
+import settings from './settings.json'
+import tags from './tags.json'
+import modals from './modals.json'
+import nlp from './nlp.json'
+import navigation from './navigation.json'
+import assessment from './assessment.json'
+import editor from './editor.json'
+import tagSelector from './tagSelector.json'
+import infoPanel from './infoPanel.json'
+import report from './report.json'
+import review from './review.json'
+import basic from './basic.json'
+import coordinator from './coordinator.json'
+import moodle from './moodle.json'
+import submission from './submission.json'
+import sidebar from './sidebar.json'
+import components from './components.json'
+import workflow from "./workflow.json";
+import templates from './templates.json'
+import assignments from './assignments.json'
+
+export default {
+  common,
+  auth,
+  errors,
+  dashboard,
+  documents,
+  users,
+  studies,
+  annotator,
+  settings,
+  tags,
+  modals,
+  nlp,
+  navigation,
+  assessment,
+  editor,
+  tagSelector,
+  infoPanel,
+  report,
+  review,
+  basic,
+  coordinator,
+  moodle,
+  submission,
+  sidebar,
+  components,
+  workflow,
+  templates,
+  assignments
+}
diff --git a/utils/modules/i18n/de/infoPanel.json b/utils/modules/i18n/de/infoPanel.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3eb89da9a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/utils/modules/i18n/de/infoPanel.json
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+{
+    "description": "Beschreibung:",
+    "maxPoints": "Maximale Punktzahl:",
+    "pointsAbbreviation": "Pkt.",
+    "scoringCriteria": "Bewertungskriterien:"
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/utils/modules/i18n/de/modals.json b/utils/modules/i18n/de/modals.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b860f95ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/utils/modules/i18n/de/modals.json
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+{
+    "confirm": "Bestätigen",
+    "confirmAction": "Bestätige {action}",
+    "pleaseConfirm": "Bitte bestätigen",
+    "sending": "Wird gesendet...",
+    "sendResetEmail": "E-Mail zum Zurücksetzen des Passworts senden",
+    "passwordReset": "Passwort zurückgesetzt",
+    "passwordUpdated": "Passwort aktualisiert",
+    "passwordResetSuccess": "Das Passwort wurde erfolgreich zurückgesetzt.",
+    "loading": "Wird geladen...",
+    "closeModal": "Schließen",
+    "placeholders": {
+        "documentPreview": "Dokumentvorschau",
+        "placeholderLegend": "Platzhalter Legende",
+        "configurePlaceholders": "Platzhalter konfigurieren",
+        "firstDataSource": "Erste Datenquelle:",
+        "secondDataSource": "Zweite Datenquelle:",
+        "dataSource": "Datenquelle:",
+        "selectFirstDataSource": "Erste Datenquelle auswählen...",
+        "selectSecondDataSource": "Zweite Datenquelle auswählen...",
+        "selectDataSource": "Datenquelle auswählen...",
+        "noPlaceholders": "Keine Platzhalter im Dokument gefunden.",
+        "documentError": "Dokumentenfehler",
+        "invalidDocumentContent": "Der Dokumentinhalt ist ungültig oder leer. Bitte versuchen Sie es erneut.",
+        "failedToFetchDocument": "Fehler beim Abrufen des Dokuments.",
+        "addInformation": "Fügen Sie hier die Informationen für den Platzhalter hinzu:",
+        "dataMissingOrInvalid": "~ Platzhalterdaten fehlen oder sind ungültig ~",
+        "dataMissing": "~ Platzhalterdaten fehlen ~",
+        "firstVersionStep": "Erste Version (Schritt {step})",
+        "currentVersionStep": "Aktuelle Version (Schritt {step})"
+    },
+    "modal": "Modal",
+    "noContentForThisStep": "Für diesen Schritt sind keine Inhalte verfügbar.",
+    "finishStudy": "Studie beenden",
+    "exportStudyData": "Studiendaten exportieren",
+    "returnToStudies": "'Rückkehr zu Studien'",
+    "revisions": {
+        "revision": "Überarbeitung",
+        "revisionOne": "Überarbeitung 1",
+        "revisionTwo": "Überarbeitung 2"
+    },
+    "chart": "Diagramm",
+    "comparisonChart": "Vergleichsdiagramm",
+    "importExport": {
+        "export": {
+            "defaultTitle": "Exportieren",
+            "success": {
+                "title": "Export erfolgreich",
+                "single": "{table} erfolgreich im {format}-Format exportiert",
+                "multiple": "{table} erfolgreich im {format}-Format exportiert"
+            }
+        },
+        "import": {
+            "defaultTitle": "Importieren",
+            "selectFile": "Datei auswählen ({extensions}):",
+            "selectedFile": "Ausgewählt: {file}",
+            "selectItemsPrefix": "Wählen Sie aus, welche Einträge importiert werden sollen aus",
+            "confirmQuestion": "Möchten Sie die folgenden {table} wirklich importieren?",
+            "genericItems": "Einträge",
+            "childRecords": "— {count} untergeordnete Datensätze",
+            "fallbackItemLabel": "Eintrag {index}",
+            "steps": {
+                "fileSelection": "Dateiauswahl",
+                "itemSelection": "{item}-Auswahl",
+                "confirmation": "Bestätigung",
+                "genericItem": "Eintrag"
+            },
+            "errors": {
+                "unsupportedFileType": "Nicht unterstützter Dateityp \"{ext}\"",
+                "parseFileFailed": "Datei konnte nicht gelesen werden: {message}",
+                "readFileFailed": "Datei konnte nicht gelesen werden",
+                "importError": "Importfehler",
+                "importChildFailed": "Untergeordneter Datensatz konnte nicht importiert werden: {message}",
+                "importItemFailed": "\"{name}\" konnte nicht importiert werden: {message}"
+            },
+            "success": {
+                "title": "Import erfolgreich",
+                "single": "{count} {table} erfolgreich importiert!",
+                "multiple": "{count} {table} erfolgreich importiert!"
+            }
+        },
+        "formats": {
+            "csv": {
+                "label": "CSV-Format",
+                "description": "Kommagetrennte Werte, kompatibel mit Tabellenkalkulationen"
+            },
+            "json": {
+                "label": "JSON-Format",
+                "description": "Standardmäßiges JSON-Format mit korrekter Formatierung"
+            },
+            "txt": {
+                "label": "TXT-Format",
+                "description": "Klartext mit eingerückten verschachtelten Objekten"
+            },
+            "yaml": {
+                "label": "YAML-Format",
+                "description": "Menschenlesbares YAML-Format"
+            }
+        },
+        "wiring": {
+            "configuration": {
+                "exportAllTooltip": "Alle Konfigurationen exportieren",
+                "importTitle": "Konfiguration importieren",
+                "exportTitle": "Konfiguration exportieren"
+            },
+            "tags": {
+                "exportAllTooltip": "Alle Tag-Sets exportieren",
+                "importTitle": "Tag-Sets importieren",
+                "exportTitle": "Tag-Set exportieren"
+            },
+            "templates": {
+                "importTooltip": "Vorlagen importieren",
+                "exportAllTooltip": "Alle Vorlagen exportieren",
+                "importTitle": "Vorlagen importieren",
+                "exportTitle": "Vorlage exportieren"
+            },
+            "studyTemplates": {
+                "importTooltip": "Vorlage importieren",
+                "exportAllTooltip": "Alle Vorlagen exportieren",
+                "importTitle": "Studienvorlagen importieren",
+                "exportTitle": "Studienvorlage exportieren"
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/utils/modules/i18n/de/moodle.json b/utils/modules/i18n/de/moodle.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a64a11f3f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/utils/modules/i18n/de/moodle.json
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+{
+  "assignmentId": "Aufgaben-ID:",
+  "courseId": "Kurs-ID:",
+  "apiKey": "Moodle-API-Schlüssel:",
+  "apiUrl": "Moodle-URL:",
+  "refresh": "Aktualisieren",
+  "refreshTooltip": "Aufgabenliste aktualisieren",
+  "placeholders": {
+    "assignmentId": "Aufgaben-ID eingeben",
+    "courseId": "Kurs-ID eingeben",
+    "apiKey": "API-Schlüssel eingeben",
+    "apiUrl": "https://example.moodle.com"
+  }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/utils/modules/i18n/de/navigation.json b/utils/modules/i18n/de/navigation.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8ad755720
--- /dev/null
+++ b/utils/modules/i18n/de/navigation.json
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+{
+  "goBack": "Zurück...",
+  "project": "Projekt: {name}",
+  "documentation": "Dokumentation",
+  "feedback": "Feedback",
+  "projectPage": "Projektseite",
+  "sidebar": {
+    "collapseSidebar": "Seitenleiste einklappen",
+    "toggleSidebar": "Seitenleiste umschalten",
+    "hideSidebar": "Seitenleiste ausblenden",
+    "showSidebar": "Seitenleiste einblenden",
+    "moreActions": "Weitere Aktionen",
+    "noContent": "Kein Inhalt in der Seitenleiste ausgewählt.",
+    "sidebarSection": "Seitenleistenbereich"
+  },
+  "topbar": {
+    "goBack": "Zurück...",
+    "projectTitle": "Projekt: {name}",
+    "signedInAs": "Angemeldet als {username}"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/utils/modules/i18n/de/nlp.json b/utils/modules/i18n/de/nlp.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c8a3bcbff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/utils/modules/i18n/de/nlp.json
@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+{
+  "service": "NLP-Dienst",
+  "serviceRequest": "NLP-Dienstanfrage",
+  "notAvailable": "{name} nicht verfügbar",
+  "skillDetails": "Skilldetails",
+  "copyConfig": "Konfiguration kopieren",
+  "downloadConfig": "Konfiguration herunterladen",
+  "sendCommand": "Befehl senden",
+  "configCopied": "Konfiguration kopiert",
+  "skillConfigCopied": "Skill-Konfiguration in die Zwischenablage kopiert!",
+  "downloadSuccess": "Download erfolgreich",
+  "downloadedConfigMessage": "Konfiguration {name} heruntergeladen",
+  "services": {
+    "availableServices": "Verfügbare Dienste",
+    "noServices": "Für diesen Schritt ist keine Dienstkonfiguration verfügbar."
+  },
+  "inputConfirm": {
+    "confirmSelections": "Bestätigen Sie Ihre Auswahl",
+    "selectedSkill": "Ausgewählter Skill:",
+    "inputMappings": "Input-Zuordnungen:",
+    "selectedFiles": "Ausgewählte Dateien:",
+    "baseFileSelections": "Auswahl der Basisdateien:",
+    "defaultConfiguration": "Konfiguration",
+    "unknownSelection": "Unbekannt"
+  },
+  "inputFiles": {
+    "filesSelectedFor": "Für {param} ausgewählte Dateien: {count} Datei(en)",
+    "selectFilesFor": "Bitte wählen Sie Dateien für den Parameter aus: {param}",
+    "documents": "Dokumente",
+    "submissions": "Einreichungen"
+  },
+  "inputGroup": {
+    "validationConfiguration": "Validierungskonfiguration {id}"
+  },
+  "skillSelector": {
+    "selectNlpSkill": "Bitte wählen Sie einen NLP-Skill aus:"
+  },
+  "inputMap": {
+    "inputMapping": "Input-Zuordnung",
+    "outputMapping": "Output-Zuordnung",
+    "saveInDocumentData": "In Dokumentdaten speichern",
+    "insertIntoEditor": "In den Editor einfügen",
+    "sources": {
+      "documents": "<Dokumente>",
+      "submissions": "<Einreichungen>",
+      "submission": "<Einreichung>",
+      "configuration": "<Konfiguration> {name}",
+      "document": "<Dokument> {name}",
+      "documentFallback": "Dokument {id}",
+      "submissionWithName": "<Einreichung> {name}",
+      "annotatorAnnotations": "<Annotator> Annotationen (Workflow-Schritt {step})",
+      "annotatorComments": "<Annotator> Kommentare (Workflow-Schritt {step})",
+      "editorFirstVersion": "<Editor> Erste Version (Workflow-Schritt {step})",
+      "editorCurrentVersion": "<Editor> Aktuelle Version (Workflow-Schritt {step})",
+      "assessmentResults": "<Bewertung> Ergebnisse (Workflow-Schritt {step})",
+      "serviceOutput": "<Dienst {service}> {skill}_{output} (Workflow-Schritt {step})"
+    }
+  },
+  "request": {
+    "title": "NLP-Dienstanfrage",
+    "timeout": "Zeitüberschreitung bei der Anfrage für Skill: {skill}"
+  },
+  "preprocessing": {
+    "title": "Vorverarbeitung der Bewertung",
+    "cancelButton": "Vorverarbeitung abbrechen",
+    "submissionName": "Einreichung {id}",
+    "cancelApplySkills": "Skill-Anwendung abbrechen",
+    "cancelSuccess": "Vorverarbeitung erfolgreich abgebrochen.",
+    "toasts": {
+      "inProgressTitle": "Vorverarbeitung läuft",
+      "inProgressMsg": "Die Vorverarbeitung läuft derzeit. Fortschritt wird angezeigt...",
+      "cancelledTitle": "Vorverarbeitung abgebrochen",
+      "cancelledMsg": "Die Vorverarbeitung wurde abgebrochen.",
+      "cancellationFailedTitle": "Abbruch der Vorverarbeitung fehlgeschlagen",
+      "startedTitle": "Vorverarbeitung gestartet",
+      "startedMsg": "Die Vorverarbeitung wurde initiiert.",
+      "nowRunningMsg": "Die Vorverarbeitung läuft jetzt. Der Fortschritt wird im Modal angezeigt.",
+      "completeTitle": "Vorverarbeitung abgeschlossen",
+      "completeMsg": "Überprüfe die Ergebnisse unten.",
+      "confirmationFailedTitle": "Bestätigung fehlgeschlagen"
+    },
+    "setupStepper": {
+      "title": "Skills anwenden",
+      "submitButton": "Skills anwenden",
+      "steps": {
+        "selectSkill": "Skill auswählen",
+        "selectFiles": "Dateien auswählen",
+        "selectBaseFiles": "Basisdateien auswählen",
+        "confirmation": "Bestätigung"
+      },
+      "closeModalTitle": "Modal schließen",
+      "closeModalMessage": "Wenn Sie dieses Modal schließen, gehen Ihre aktuellen Auswahlen verloren. Möchten Sie wirklich fortfahren?"
+    },
+    "processStepper": {
+      "errors": {
+        "title": "Fehler aufgetreten",
+        "errorLabel": "Fehler:",
+        "submissionId": "Abgabe-ID",
+        "documentId": "Dokument-ID"
+      },
+      "steps": {
+        "progress": "Verarbeitungsfortschritt",
+        "confirmCancel": "Abbruch bestätigen",
+        "complete": "Verarbeitung abgeschlossen"
+      },
+      "stats": {
+        "processed": "Verarbeitet:",
+        "currentRuntime": "Aktuelle Laufzeit der Anfrage:",
+        "estimatedPerRequest": "Geschätzte Zeit pro Anfrage:",
+        "estimatedRemaining": "Geschätzte verbleibende Zeit:",
+        "calculating": "Wird berechnet...",
+        "almostDone": "Fast fertig...",
+        "takingLonger": "Dauert länger als erwartet"
+      },
+      "queue": {
+        "title": "Einreichungen in der Warteschlange",
+        "empty": "Keine Einreichungen in der Warteschlange. Die letzte Anfrage wird verarbeitet...",
+        "columns": {
+          "id": "ID",
+          "submissionName": "Name der Einreichung",
+          "user": "Benutzer"
+        }
+      },
+      "cancel": {
+        "title": "Verarbeitung abbrechen",
+        "message": "Möchten Sie die verbleibenden Anfragen wirklich abbrechen?",
+        "confirmButton": "Bestätigen",
+        "nextButton": "Weiter"
+      }
+    }
+  },
+  "skills": {
+    "title": "Skills",
+    "descriptions": {
+      "f1000_classification": "Dies ist eine Klassifikationsaufgabe",
+      "generating_feedback_german": "Dieser Skill erzeugt Feedback zum Exposé auf Basis des Bewertungsergebnisses.",
+      "generating_feedback_english": "Dieser Skill erzeugt Feedback zum Exposé auf Basis des Bewertungsergebnisses.",
+      "grading_expose_german": "Dieser Skill wird verwendet, um das Exposé eines Studierenden zu bewerten.",
+      "grading_expose_english": "Dieser Skill wird verwendet, um das Exposé eines Studierenden zu bewerten.",
+      "skill_eic": "Skill zur Klassifikation von Bearbeitungsabsichten mit dem feinabgestimmten Leo-LM-13b-Modell.",
+      "summarization": "Fasst einen Text zusammen.",
+      "sentiment_classification": "Klassifiziert einen Absatz nach seiner Stimmung und liefert eine Polaritätsschätzung."
+    },
+    "status": {
+      "online": "ONLINE",
+      "offline": "OFFLINE",
+      "activating": "Aktivierung"
+    },
+    "columns": {
+      "nodes": "# Knoten",
+      "activated": "Aktiviert",
+      "fallback": "Fallback"
+    },
+    "toasts": {
+      "settingUpdatedTitle": "Einstellung aktualisiert",
+      "settingUpdatedMessage": "Aktivierung des Skills \"{name}\" aktualisiert.",
+      "updateFailedTitle": "Aktualisierung der Einstellung fehlgeschlagen"
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/utils/modules/i18n/de/report.json b/utils/modules/i18n/de/report.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..67f5b2198
--- /dev/null
+++ b/utils/modules/i18n/de/report.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "noText": "(kein Text)",
+  "ref": "(vgl. {citation})",
+  "show": "(anzeigen)",
+  "reviewReport": "Prüfbericht",
+  "emptyReport": "Leerer Bericht – keine Anmerkungen oder Kommentare gefunden.",
+  "generalComments": "Allgemeine Kommentare",
+  "noComments": "Keine Kommentare.",
+  "tip": "*Tipp: Bewegen Sie den Mauszeiger über eine Referenz, um den referenzierten Text zu sehen, oder klicken Sie darauf, um die Anmerkung im PDF anzuzeigen."
+}
diff --git a/utils/modules/i18n/de/review.json b/utils/modules/i18n/de/review.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..87fbf4d3c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/utils/modules/i18n/de/review.json
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+{
+    "evaluateSession": "Diese Sitzung bewerten",
+    "sessionNotFinishedYet": "Diese  Sitzung ist noch nicht beendet. Bitte warten Sie, bis sie geschlossen wurde!",
+    "thankYouForEvaluating": "Vielen Dank für Ihre Bewertung dieser Sitzung!",
+    "sessionAlreadyEvaluated": "Diese Sitzung wurde bereits bewertet.",
+    "makeDecision": "Treffen Sie eine Entscheidung auf Basis dieser Sitzung.",
+    "comment": "Kommentar",
+    "acceptance": "Akzeptanz"
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/utils/modules/i18n/de/settings.json b/utils/modules/i18n/de/settings.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e98ee4806
--- /dev/null
+++ b/utils/modules/i18n/de/settings.json
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+{
+  "title": "Einstellungen",
+  "changeUserSettings": "Benutzereinstellungen ändern",
+  "exportJson": "JSON exportieren",
+  "importJson": "JSON importieren",
+  "saveSettings": "Einstellungen speichern",
+  "saveSettingsUnsaved": "Einstellungen speichern (Ungespeicherte Änderungen)",
+  "importSettings": "Einstellungen importieren",
+  "rememberToSave": "Denken Sie daran, nach Änderungen auf \"Einstellungen speichern\" zu klicken.",
+  "importDescription": "Wählen Sie eine zuvor heruntergeladene Einstellungsdatei. Nur vorhandene Schlüssel werden aktualisiert.",
+  "messages": {
+    "settingsLoaded": "Einstellungen geladen",
+    "settingsLoadedMessage": "Die Einstellungen wurden erfolgreich geladen.",
+    "settingsSavedSuccessfully": "Einstellungen wurden erfolgreich gespeichert.",
+    "settingsImported": "Einstellungen importiert.",
+    "updatedSettings": "{count} vorhandene Einstellungen aktualisiert.",
+    "unsavedChangesWarning": "Sie haben ungespeicherte Änderungen. Möchten Sie die Seite wirklich ohne Speichern verlassen?"
+  },
+  "rememberToSaveBefore": "Denken Sie daran, nach Änderungen auf",
+  "rememberToSaveAfter": "zu klicken.",
+  "noneUseDefaultEmail": "Keine (Standard-E-Mail verwenden)",
+  "pickColor": "Farbe auswählen"
+}
diff --git a/utils/modules/i18n/de/sidebar.json b/utils/modules/i18n/de/sidebar.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7a6b1505e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/utils/modules/i18n/de/sidebar.json
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+{
+    "placeholders": "Platzhalter",
+    "textPlaceholder": "Text-Platzhalter",
+    "textPlaceholderDescription": "Inhaltblöcke hinzufügen",
+    "singleChart": "Einzeldiagramm",
+    "singleChartDescription": "Daten mit einem Diagramm visualisieren",
+    "comparisonChart": "Vergleichsdiagramm",
+    "comparisonChartDescription": "Mehrere Datensätze vergleichen",
+    "currentVersion": "Aktuelle Version",
+    "versionHistory": "Versionsverlauf",
+    "anonymousUser": "Anonymer Benutzer",
+    "periode": {
+        "today": "Heute",
+        "yesterday": "Gestern",
+        "thisWeek": "Diese Woche",
+        "lastWeek": "Letzte Woche",
+        "thisMonth": "Diesen Monat",
+        "lastMonth": "Letzten Monat",
+        "older": "Älter"
+    },
+    "nav": {
+        "home": "Startseite",
+        "documents": "Dokumente",
+        "tags": "Tags",
+        "settings": "Einstellungen",
+        "logs": "Protokolle",
+        "studies": "Studien",
+        "study_sessions": "Studiensitzungen",
+        "users": "Benutzer",
+        "nlp_skills": "NLP-Fähigkeiten",
+        "user_stats": "Benutzerstatistiken",
+        "projects": "Projekte",
+        "submissions": "Einreichungen",
+        "assignments": "Assignments",
+        "review_documents": "Dokumentpruefung",
+        "configurations": "Konfigurationen",
+        "templates": "Vorlagen",
+        "workflows": "Workflows",
+        "session_overview": "Sitzungsübersicht",
+        "groups": {
+            "default": "Standard",
+            "admin": "Administrator",
+            "home": "Start",
+            "study": "Studium",
+            "manage": "Verwalten",
+            "settings": "Einstellungen",
+            "ai": "KI"
+        }
+    },
+    "textPlaceholderHelp": "Zeigt einen einzelnen Wert aus einem vorherigen Editor-Schritt oder einer NLP-Skill-Ausgabe an. Verwenden Sie dies, wenn Sie ein bestimmtes Datenelement wie ein Textfeld, eine Zahl oder ein Label aus einem früheren Schritt Ihres Workflows anzeigen möchten.",
+    "singleChartHelp": "Zeigt ein Diagramm an, das aus Labels und Werten aus vorherigen Schritten oder NLP-Skills erstellt wird. Das Diagramm visualisiert automatisch die konfigurierte Datenstruktur und erleichtert so die Darstellung numerischer oder kategorialer Daten.",
+    "comparisonChartHelp": "Vergleicht zwei Datenquellen, z. B. zwei Dokumentversionen oder NLP-Ausgaben, und visualisiert das Ergebnis. Dies ist nützlich, um Unterschiede zwischen Versionen anzuzeigen, Ausgaben aus verschiedenen Schritten zu vergleichen oder Änderungen über die Zeit hervorzuheben."
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/utils/modules/i18n/de/studies.json b/utils/modules/i18n/de/studies.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f44c810c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/utils/modules/i18n/de/studies.json
@@ -0,0 +1,300 @@
+{
+  "title": "Studien",
+  "overview": "Übersicht",
+  "study": "Studie",
+  "template": "Vorlage",
+  "sessions": "Sitzungen",
+  "savedTemplates": "Gespeicherte Vorlagen",
+  "closeAllStudies": "Alle Studien schließen",
+  "addBulkAssignments": "Sammelzuweisung hinzufügen", 
+  "addSingleAssignment": "Zuweisung hinzufügen",
+  "editStudy": "Studie bearbeiten",
+  "deleteStudy": "Studie löschen",
+  "openStudy": "Studie öffnen",
+  "restartStudy": "Studie neustarten",
+  "closeStudy": "Studie schließen",
+  "copyLink": "Studien-Link kopieren",
+  "inspectSessions": "Sitzung prüfen",
+  "saveAsTemplate": "Als Vorlage speichern",
+  "showInformation": "Informationen anzeigen",
+  "finishStudy": "Studie beenden",
+  "finishStudyAgain": "Studie erneut beenden",
+  "returnToDashboard": "Zum Dashboard zurückkehren",
+  "backToDashboard": "Zurück zum Dashboard",
+  "openSessionsBig": "Offene Sitzungen",
+  "openSessionsSmall": "offene Sitzungen",
+  "openSessionsForStudy": "Sitzungen für {name} öffnen",
+  "resumeSession": "Sitzung fortsetzen",
+  "startSession": "Sitzung starten",
+  "joinStudy": "Studie beitreten",
+  "startStudy": "Studie starten",
+  "finishSession": "Sitzung beenden",
+  "sessionNotStarted": "Sitzung hat noch nicht begonnen",
+  "timeLeft": "Verbleibende Zeit",
+  "notStartedYet": "Die Studie ist noch nicht gestartet!",
+  "noMoreSessions": "Keine weiteren Sitzungen für diese Studie verfügbar.",
+  "clickToStart": "Klicken Sie auf \"Benutzerstudie starten\", um zu beginnen.",
+  "collaborativeNote": "Dies ist eine kollaborative Studie. Alle Teilnehmer können gleichzeitig beitreten und arbeiten!",
+  "thankYouParticipation": "Vielen Dank für Ihre Teilnahme :-)",
+  "canCloseBrowser": "Sie können den Browser jetzt schließen!",
+  "thankYouJoining": "Vielen Dank für Ihre Teilnahme!",
+  "clickFinishToSubmit": "Mit einem Klick auf \"Beenden\" reichen Sie Ihre Ergebnisse ein.",
+  "timeExpired": "Die Zeit ist abgelaufen, es sind keine Änderungen mehr möglich.",
+  "nameOfStudy": "Name der Studie:",
+  "foreignUnstartedSession": "Diese Studien-Sitzung wurde noch nicht gestartet und gehört einem anderen Benutzer.",
+  "cannotResumeSession": "Sie können diese Sitzung nicht starten oder fortsetzen.",
+  "columns": {
+    "status": "Status",
+    "created": "Erstellt am",
+    "sessions": "Sitzungen",
+    "started": "Gestartet",
+    "finished": "Beendet",
+    "sessionLimit": "Sitzungslimit",
+    "sessionLimitPerUser": "Limit pro Nutzer",
+    "resumable": "Fortsetzbar",
+    "collaborative": "Kollaborativ",
+    "multipleSubmissions": "Mehrfacheinreichungen",
+    "timeLimit": "Zeitlimit",
+    "sessionStartFinishEmails": "E-Mails zum Start/Abschluss der Sitzung",
+    "parentSessionId": "Übergeordnete Sitzungs-ID"
+  },
+  "status": {
+    "notStarted": "Nicht gestartet",
+    "running": "Läuft",
+    "closed": "Geschlossen",
+    "ended": "Beendet"
+  },
+  "messages": {
+    "studyStarted": "Studie gestartet",
+    "enjoy": "Viel Erfolg!",
+    "studyPublishedSuccess": "Studie erfolgreich veröffentlicht!",
+    "participantsCanJoin": "Teilnehmer können über folgenden Link beitreten:",
+    "studyClosed": "Studie geschlossen",
+    "studyClosedMessage": "Die Studie wurde geschlossen",
+    "studyDeleted": "Studie gelöscht",
+    "studyDeletedMessage": "Die Studie wurde gelöscht",
+    "studyRestarted": "Studie neustarten",
+    "studyRestartedMessage": "Die Studie wurde neu gestartet",
+    "linkCopied": "Link kopiert",
+    "linkCopiedMessage": "Studien-Link in die Zwischenablage kopiert!",
+    "templateCreatedSuccess": "Vorlage erfolgreich erstellt!",
+    "templateCreated": "Vorlage erstellt",
+    "templateCreatedMessage": "Die Vorlage wurde erstellt.",
+    "templateSaved": "Vorlage gespeichert",
+    "templateSavedMessage": "Diese Studie wurde als Vorlage gespeichert.",
+    "deleteConfirm": "Sind Sie sicher, dass Sie die Studie löschen möchten?",
+    "deleteTitle": "Studie löschen",
+    "saveAsTemplateConfirm": "Sind Sie sicher, dass Sie diese Studie als Vorlage speichern möchten?",
+    "saveAsTemplateTitle": "Studie als Vorlage speichern",
+    "studyFinished": "Diese Studie wurde am {date} beendet",
+    "studyStartDate": "Start: {date}",
+    "timeLimitNote": "Bitte beachten Sie das Zeitlimit von {minutes} Min. für diese Studie!",
+    "sessionsLeft": "Sie haben noch {count} Sitzungen für diese Studie übrig.",
+    "sessionWarning": "Es existieren derzeit {count} Sitzungen für diese Studie. Das Löschen der Studie entfernt auch diese Sitzungen!",
+    "sessionFinished": "Sitzung beendet",
+    "sessionFinishedMessage": "Ihre Sitzung wurde erfolgreich eingereicht.",
+    "studySessionErrorTitle": "Fehler in der Studiensitzung"
+  },
+  "loading": {
+    "title": "Lade Studienschritt",
+    "nlpError": "Fehler bei der Verarbeitung der NLP-Ergebnisse. Bitte versuchen Sie es erneut oder überspringen Sie die NLP-Unterstützung.",
+    "generalError": "Beim Laden des Studienschritts ist ein Fehler aufgetreten. Bitte versuchen Sie es später erneut.",
+    "buttons": {
+      "tryAgain": "Erneut versuchen",
+      "skip": "NLP-Unterstützung überspringen"
+    },
+    "messages": [
+      "Denke über Ihre Anfrage nach...",
+      "Fast fertig, verfeinere die Details...",
+      "Suche die bestmögliche Antwort...",
+      "Nur noch einen Moment, Präzision braucht Zeit...",
+      "Arbeite an einer schlauen Lösung...",
+      "Einen Augenblick... ich denke schneller, als es aussieht...",
+      "Ordne kurz die Neuronen neu...",
+      "Zünde ein wenig Sprachmagie...",
+      "Ihre Anfrage reist durch eine Milliarde Neuronen...",
+      "Suche in allen Ecken nach Ausnahmefällen...",
+      "Mache einen schnellen Plausibilitätscheck...",
+      "Konsultiere die Weisheit der Menge...",
+      "Fast geschafft..."
+    ],
+    "errorTitle": "Fehler beim Laden des Studienschritts",
+    "processingTitle": "NLP-Anfragen werden verarbeitet",
+    "failedTitle": "NLP-Anfragen fehlgeschlagen",
+    "readyTitle": "Studienschritt bereit"
+  },
+  "dashboard": {
+    "activeSessions": {
+      "title": "Aktive Studiensitzungen",
+      "noSessions": "Sie haben keine aktiven Studiensitzungen. Rufen Sie eine Studie über den Link auf oder erstellen Sie eine eigene Studie."
+    },
+    "closedSessions": {
+      "title": "Geschlossene Studiensitzungen",
+      "noSessions": "Sie haben keine geschlossenen Studiensitzungen."
+    },
+    "studyTitle": "Studie: {name}",
+    "studyTitleWithAuthor": "Studie: {name} (von {author})",
+    "noName": "<kein Name>",
+    "noDueDate": "keine Frist"
+  },
+  "modalTitle": {
+    "createTemplate": "Vorlage erstellen",
+    "editTemplate": "Vorlage bearbeiten",
+    "newTemplate": "Neue Vorlage",
+    "createStudy": "Studie erstellen",
+    "editStudy": "Studie bearbeiten",
+    "newStudy": "Neue Studie"
+  },
+  "unit": {
+    "sessions": "Sitzung(en)"
+  },
+  "form": {
+    "name": {
+      "label": "Name der Studie",
+      "placeholder": "Meine Nutzerstudie"
+    },
+    "workflow": {
+      "label": "Workflow für die Studie auswählen",
+      "help": "Wählen Sie eine Workflow-Vorlage für die einzelnen Studienschritte aus."
+    },
+    "tagSet": {
+      "label": "Tag-Set für die Studie",
+      "help": "Wählen Sie ein Tag-Set aus, das in dieser Studie verwendet werden soll."
+    },
+    "stepDocuments": {
+      "label": "Dokumente den Workflow-Schritten zuordnen"
+    },
+    "description": {
+      "label": "Beschreibung der Studie",
+      "help": "Dieser Text wird den Teilnehmenden zu Beginn der Studie angezeigt."
+    },
+    "timeLimit": {
+      "label": "Wie viel Zeit steht den Teilnehmenden für die Studie zur Verfügung?",
+      "help": "Legen Sie die maximale Bearbeitungszeit fest. Verwenden Sie 0, um das Zeitlimit zu deaktivieren."
+    },
+    "limitSessions": {
+      "label": "Anzahl der Sitzungen für die Studie begrenzen",
+      "help": "Legen Sie fest, wie oft Teilnehmende die Studie starten oder fortsetzen dürfen. Verwenden Sie 0 für eine unbegrenzte Anzahl an Sitzungen."
+    },
+    "limitSessionsPerUser": {
+      "label": "Anzahl der Sitzungen pro Person begrenzen",
+      "help": "Legen Sie fest, wie oft jede teilnehmende Person die Studie starten oder fortsetzen darf. Verwenden Sie 0 für unbegrenzte Sitzungen."
+    },
+    "collab": {
+      "label": "Soll die Studie kollaborativ sein?"
+    },
+    "anonymize": {
+      "label": "Sollen Kommentare anonymisiert werden?"
+    },
+    "resumable": {
+      "label": "Soll die Studie fortsetzbar sein?"
+    },
+    "multipleSubmit": {
+      "label": "Mehrfache Abgaben erlauben?",
+      "help": "Legen Sie fest, ob Teilnehmende die Studie mehr als einmal abschicken dürfen."
+    },
+    "start": {
+      "label": "Studien-Sitzungen dürfen nicht starten vor"
+    },
+    "end": {
+      "label": "Studien-Sitzungen dürfen nicht starten nach"
+    }
+  },
+  "assignUserSession": {
+    "title": "Benutzer zur Studiensitzung zuweisen",
+    "noSessionSelected": "Keine Studiensitzung ausgewählt!",
+    "selectSessionToProceed": "Bitte wählen Sie eine Studiensitzung aus, um fortzufahren.",
+    "selectUsers": "Benutzer auswählen",
+    "selectUsersDescription": "Wählen Sie die Benutzer aus, denen diese Studiensitzung zugewiesen werden soll.",
+    "confirmCopy": "Möchten Sie diese Studiensitzung wirklich für die folgenden Benutzer kopieren?",
+    "studySessionId": "Studiensitzungs-ID:",
+    "originalUser": "Ursprünglicher Benutzer:",
+    "selectedUsers": "Ausgewählte Benutzer:",
+    "usersAssignedToCopy": "Benutzer, denen die Kopie der Studiensitzung zugewiesen wird:",
+    "steps": {
+      "userSelection": "Benutzerauswahl",
+      "confirmation": "Bestätigung"
+    },
+    "toasts": {
+      "copiedTitle": "Studiensitzungen kopiert",
+      "copiedMessage": "Studiensitzung erfolgreich für {count} Benutzer kopiert.",
+      "copyFailed": "Kopieren fehlgeschlagen"
+    }
+  },
+  "closeModal": {
+    "title": "Studie schließen",
+    "confirmPrefix": "Möchten Sie die Studie wirklich schließen",
+    "notifySessions": "E-Mail-Benachrichtigung an Teilnehmende mit offenen Sitzungen senden",
+    "closeStudy": "Studie schließen",
+    "success": {
+      "title": "Studie geschlossen",
+      "message": "Die Studie wurde geschlossen"
+    },
+    "errors": {
+      "title": "Schließen der Studie fehlgeschlagen"
+    }
+  },
+  "fields": {
+    "name": {
+      "label": "Name der Studie:",
+      "placeholder": "Meine Benutzerstudie"
+    },
+    "workflowId": {
+      "label": "Workflow für die Studie auswählen:",
+      "help": "Wählen Sie eine Workflow-Vorlage für die Studienschritte aus."
+    },
+    "tagSetId": {
+      "label": "Tag-Set für die Studie:",
+      "help": "Wählen Sie ein Tag-Set für die Studie aus."
+    },
+    "stepDocuments": {
+      "label": "Dokumente Workflow-Schritten zuweisen:"
+    },
+    "description": {
+      "label": "Beschreibung der Studie:",
+      "help": "Dieser Text wird am Anfang der Benutzerstudie angezeigt!"
+    },
+    "enableEmailNotifications": {
+      "label": "E-Mail-Benachrichtigung beim Start/Ende einer Sitzung senden",
+      "help": "Wenn aktiviert, erhält der Studienbesitzer jedes Mal eine E-Mail, wenn ein Teilnehmer eine Sitzung startet oder beendet."
+    },
+    "timeLimit": {
+      "label": "Wie viel Zeit hat ein Teilnehmer für die Studie?",
+      "help": "0 = Zeitbegrenzung deaktivieren"
+    },
+    "limitSessions": {
+      "label": "Anzahl der Sitzungen für die Studie begrenzen:",
+      "help": "Legen Sie fest, wie oft Teilnehmer die Studie starten oder fortsetzen können. Jeder Versuch, die Studie abzuschließen, wird als Sitzung bezeichnet. 0 = unbegrenzte Anzahl an Sitzungen."
+    },
+    "limitSessionsPerUser": {
+      "label": "Anzahl der Sitzungen pro Benutzer für die Studie begrenzen:",
+      "help": "Legen Sie fest, wie oft jeder Teilnehmer die Studie starten oder fortsetzen kann. Jeder Versuch, die Studie abzuschließen, wird als Sitzung bezeichnet. 0 = unbegrenzte Anzahl an Sitzungen pro Benutzer."
+    },
+    "start": {
+      "label": "Studiensitzungen können nicht beginnen vor"
+    },
+    "end": {
+      "label": "Studiensitzungen können nicht beginnen nach:"
+    },
+    "collab": {
+      "label": "Soll die Studie kollaborativ sein?"
+    },
+    "anonymize": {
+      "label": "Sollen die Kommentare anonymisiert werden?"
+    },
+    "resumable": {
+      "label": "Soll die Studie fortsetzbar sein?"
+    },
+    "multipleSubmit": {
+      "label": "Mehrfache Abgaben erlauben?",
+      "help": "Geben Sie an, ob Teilnehmer ihre Studie mehrmals abgeben können."
+    }
+  },
+  "units": {
+    "minutes": "Min.",
+    "sessions": "Sitzung(en)"
+  },
+  "values": {
+    "unlimited": "unbegrenzt"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/utils/modules/i18n/de/submission.json b/utils/modules/i18n/de/submission.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0755ba7b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/utils/modules/i18n/de/submission.json
@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+{
+    "dashboard": {
+        "title": "Einreichungen",
+        "buttons": {
+            "assignGroup": "Gruppe zuweisen",
+            "publishReviews": "Bewertungen veröffentlichen",
+            "publishSubmissions": "Einreichungen veröffentlichen",
+            "manualImport": "Manueller Import",
+            "importMoodle": "Import über Moodle",
+            "viewProcessing": "Verarbeitung anzeigen",
+            "applySkills": "Fähigkeiten anwenden",
+            "publishAssessment": "Bewertung veröffentlichen"
+        },
+        "tooltips": {
+            "assignGroup": "Gruppe zuweisen",
+            "publishReviews": "Bewertungen veröffentlichen",
+            "publishSubmissions": "Einreichungen veröffentlichen",
+            "manualImport": "Manueller Import",
+            "importMoodle": "Import über Moodle",
+            "viewProcessing": "Verarbeitungsfortschritt anzeigen",
+            "applySkills": "Fähigkeiten anwenden",
+            "processingActive": "Verarbeitung aktiv",
+            "publishAssessment": "Bewertung veröffentlichen"
+        },
+        "columns": {
+            "id": "ID",
+            "firstName": "Vorname",
+            "lastName": "Nachname",
+            "submissionId": "Einreichungs-ID",
+            "group": "Gruppe",
+            "validationId": "Validierungs-ID",
+            "createdAt": "Erstellt am"
+        },
+        "actions": {
+            "download": "Einreichungsdateien herunterladen",
+            "delete": "Dokument löschen..."
+        },
+        "delete": {
+            "title": "Dokument löschen",
+            "message": "Möchten Sie das Dokument wirklich löschen?",
+            "warning": "Auf diesem Dokument läuft derzeit {count} Studie. Das Löschen wird die Studie löschen! | Auf diesem Dokument laufen derzeit {count} Studien. Das Löschen wird die Studien löschen!"
+        },
+        "toasts": {
+            "deleteSuccessTitle": "Dokument gelöscht",
+            "deleteSuccessMessage": "Das Dokument wurde gelöscht",
+            "deleteFailedTitle": "Löschen fehlgeschlagen",
+            "noDocumentsTitle": "Keine Dokumente gefunden",
+            "noDocumentsMessage": "Diese Einreichung hat keine zugeordneten Dokumente zum Herunterladen",
+            "downloadIssueTitle": "Dokumentdownload-Problem",
+            "downloadIssueMessage": "Konnte {name} nicht herunterladen",
+            "downloadErrorTitle": "Download-Fehler",
+            "downloadErrorMessage": "Fehler beim Herunterladen von {name}: {error}",
+            "downloadCompleteTitle": "Download abgeschlossen",
+            "downloadCompleteMessage": "Einreichung {id} mit {count} Dokumenten heruntergeladen",
+            "downloadFailedTitle": "Download fehlgeschlagen"
+        }
+    },
+    "publishAssessment": {
+        "title": "Assessment veröffentlichen",
+        "selectConfiguration": "Assessment-Konfiguration auswählen:",
+        "selectConfigurationDescription": "Wählen Sie aus, für welche Assessment-Konfiguration Sie Daten exportieren möchten.",
+        "selectWorkflows": "Workflows auswählen:",
+        "selectWorkflowsDescription": "Wählen Sie einen oder mehrere Workflow-Schritte aus, die die ausgewählte Konfiguration verwenden. Sie sehen, wie viele Sessions (offen/geschlossen) für jeden Schritt verfügbar sind.",
+        "selectSessions": "Sessions auswählen:",
+        "selectSessionsDescriptionPrefix": "Wählen Sie aus, welche Study Sessions in den Assessment-Export aufgenommen werden sollen. Bitte beachten Sie, dass hier nur",
+        "closedStudySessions": "geschlossene Study Sessions",
+        "selectSessionsDescriptionSuffix": "angezeigt werden.",
+        "noSessionsFound": "Keine Sessions gefunden, die zu den ausgewählten Workflows und der Konfiguration passen.",
+        "hashCollection": "Hash-Sammlung:",
+        "hashCollectionStudies": "basierend auf Studies (Session-Hashes für jede Study)",
+        "hashCollectionSessions": "basierend auf Sessions (Hashes für eigene Sessions)",
+        "hashes": "Hashes:",
+        "publishingMethod": "Veröffentlichungsmethode:",
+        "includeReviewUrl": "Review-URL in Moodle-Feedback einfügen",
+        "includeReviewUrlDescription": "Wenn aktiviert, wird die Review-URL für jede veröffentlichte Bewertung als Feedback-Text in Moodle eingefügt.",
+        "moodleGradePublishingOverview": "Übersicht zur Veröffentlichung der Moodle-Bewertungen:",
+        "numberOfGradesToPublish": "Anzahl der zu veröffentlichenden Bewertungen:",
+        "assessmentScaleCurrentScores": "Assessment-Skala (aktuelle Punkte):",
+        "pointsRange": "von {from} bis {to} Punkten",
+        "moodleGradeScaleTarget": "Moodle-Bewertungsskala (Ziel):",
+        "selectAssignmentForInformation": "Wählen Sie eine Aufgabe aus, um diese Informationen anzuzeigen",
+        "conversionFactor": "Umrechnungsfaktor:",
+        "conversionFactorValue": "1 Assessment-Punkt = {factor} Moodle-Punkte",
+        "conversionNote": "Hinweis: Alle ausgewählten Assessment-Punktzahlen werden linear von der Assessment-Skala in die Moodle-Bewertungsskala umgerechnet, indem der oben angezeigte Faktor verwendet wird.",
+        "workflowFallback": "Workflow {id}",
+        "steps": {
+            "configuration": "Konfiguration",
+            "workflow": "Workflow",
+            "session": "Session",
+            "confirmation": "Bestätigung",
+            "publishing": "Veröffentlichung"
+        },
+        "columns": {
+            "workflowId": "Workflow-ID",
+            "workflowName": "Workflow-Name",
+            "step": "Schritt",
+            "openSessions": "Offene Sessions",
+            "closedSessions": "Geschlossene Sessions",
+            "totalSessions": "Sessions insgesamt",
+            "created": "Erstellt",
+            "study": "Study",
+            "reviewerFirstName": "Vorname des Reviewers",
+            "reviewerLastName": "Nachname des Reviewers",
+            "ownerFirstName": "Vorname des Owners",
+            "ownerLastName": "Nachname des Owners",
+            "submissionExtId": "Submission ExtId"
+        },
+        "publishMethods": {
+            "downloadCsv": "CSV herunterladen",
+            "moodle": "Moodle",
+            "email": "E-Mail"
+        },
+        "csv": {
+            "userExtId": "Benutzer ExtId",
+            "userFirstName": "Vorname des Benutzers",
+            "userLastName": "Nachname des Benutzers",
+            "userName": "Benutzername",
+            "submissionId": "Submission-ID",
+            "submissionExtId": "Submission ExtId",
+            "reviewerFirstName": "Vorname des Reviewers",
+            "reviewerLastName": "Nachname des Reviewers",
+            "reviewerUserName": "Benutzername des Reviewers",
+            "reviewerRoles": "Reviewer-Rollen",
+            "hash": "Hash",
+            "totalPoints": "Gesamtpunkte"
+        },
+        "toasts": {
+            "configurationMissing": {
+            "title": "Konfiguration fehlt",
+            "message": "Der Inhalt der ausgewählten Konfiguration konnte nicht geladen werden."
+            },
+            "gradesPublished": {
+            "title": "Bewertungen veröffentlicht",
+            "message": "Die Bewertungen der ausgewählten Sessions wurden in der Aufgabe veröffentlicht"
+            },
+            "failedToPublishGrades": {
+            "title": "Bewertungen konnten nicht veröffentlicht werden"
+            },
+            "csvExport": {
+            "title": "CSV-Export",
+            "message": "Assessment-Daten wurden erfolgreich als CSV generiert und exportiert"
+            }
+        }
+    },
+    "assign": {
+      "noAdditionalSettings": "Keine zusätzlichen Einstellungen"
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/utils/modules/i18n/de/tagSelector.json b/utils/modules/i18n/de/tagSelector.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f6414a3f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/utils/modules/i18n/de/tagSelector.json
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+{
+    "chooseTag": "Wählen Sie ein Tag aus...",
+    "selectTag": "Bitte wählen Sie ein gültiges Tag aus.",
+    "addTag": "Tag hinzufügen...",
+    "noTags": "Keine Tags"
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/utils/modules/i18n/de/tags.json b/utils/modules/i18n/de/tags.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..88d9aee69
--- /dev/null
+++ b/utils/modules/i18n/de/tags.json
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+{
+    "title": "Tag-Sets",
+    "tagSet": "Tag-Set",
+    "addNewTagSet": "Neues Tag-Set hinzufügen",
+    "copyTagSet": "Tag-Set kopieren",
+    "editTagSet": "Tag-Set bearbeiten",
+    "deleteTagSet": "Tag-Set löschen",
+    "shareTagSet": "Tag-Set freigeben",
+    "selectAsDefault": "Tag-Set als Standard auswählen",
+    "modalTitle": {
+        "newTagSet": "Neues Tag-Set",
+        "editTagSet": "Tag-Set bearbeiten"
+    },
+    "columns": {
+        "tags": "Tags",
+        "lastChange": "Letzte Änderung",
+        "user": "Benutzer"
+    },
+    "fields": {
+      "name": {
+        "label": "Name des Tagsets:",
+        "placeholder": "Mein Tagset"
+      },
+      "description": {
+        "label": "Beschreibung des Tagsets:",
+        "placeholder": "Tagset-Beschreibung"
+      },
+      "tags": {
+        "label": "Tags:"
+      },
+      "tag": {
+        "name": {
+          "placeholder": "Name des Tags"
+        },
+        "color": {
+          "label": "Farbe"
+        },
+        "description": {
+          "placeholder": "Tag-Beschreibung"
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "messages": {
+        "deleteTitle": "Tag-Set löschen",
+        "deleteConfirm": "Möchten Sie das Tag-Set wirklich löschen?",
+        "tagSetDeleted": "Tag-Set gelöscht",
+        "tagSetDeletedMessage": "Das Tag-Set wurde erfolgreich gelöscht",
+        "publishTitle": "Tag-Set veröffentlichen",
+        "publishConfirm": "Möchten Sie das Tag-Set wirklich veröffentlichen? Hinweis: Nach der Veröffentlichung können Sie das Tag-Set nicht mehr rückgängig machen!",
+        "tagSetPublished": "Tag-Set veröffentlicht",
+        "tagSetPublishedMessage": "Das Tag-Set wurde erfolgreich veröffentlicht"
+    },
+    "form": {
+        "name": {
+            "label": "Name des Tag-Sets:",
+            "placeholder": "Mein Tag-Set"
+        },
+        "description": {
+            "label": "Beschreibung des Tag-Sets:",
+            "placeholder": "Tag-Set-Beschreibung"
+        },
+        "tags": {
+            "label": "Tags:"
+        }
+    },
+    "editMainTag": "Haupt-Tag bearbeiten",
+    "basicTags": {
+    "highlight": "Hervorheben",
+    "strength": "Stärke",
+    "weakness": "Schwäche",
+    "other": "Sonstiges"
+    },
+    "basicTagGroups": {
+    "peerReview": "Peer Review",
+    "standardSet": "Ein Standard-Tagset für den Peer-Review-Prozess"
+    },
+    "tag":{
+    "form": {
+      "name":{
+        "label": "Name",
+        "placeholder": "Name des Tags"
+      },
+      "description": {
+        "label": "Beschreibung",
+        "placeholder":"Beschreibung des Tags"
+      },
+      "colorCode": {
+        "label": "Farbe",
+        "options": {
+          "info": "Info",
+          "warning": "Warnung",
+          "success": "Erfolg",
+          "danger": "Gefahr"
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/utils/modules/i18n/de/templates.json b/utils/modules/i18n/de/templates.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ac6464bf0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/utils/modules/i18n/de/templates.json
@@ -0,0 +1,261 @@
+{
+  "placeholders": {
+    "warning": "Warnung:",
+    "invalidPlaceholdersMessage": "Die folgenden Platzhalter sind für {templateType}-Templates nicht gültig:",
+    "invalidPlaceholdersIgnored": "Diese Platzhalter werden ignoriert, wenn das Template verwendet wird.",
+    "failedToLoad": "Platzhalter konnten nicht geladen werden",
+    "labels": {
+      "emailGeneral": {
+        "username": "Benutzername des Empfängers",
+        "firstName": "Vorname des Empfängers",
+        "lastName": "Nachname des Empfängers",
+        "link": "Link",
+        "otp": "Einmalcode",
+        "tokenExpiry": "Token-Ablauf"
+      },
+      "emailStudySession": {
+        "username": "Benutzername des Empfängers",
+        "link": "Review-Link"
+      },
+      "emailAssignment": {
+        "username": "Benutzername des Empfängers",
+        "assignmentType": "Assignment-Typ",
+        "assignmentName": "Assignment-Name",
+        "link": "Assignment-Link"
+      },
+      "emailStudyClose": {
+        "username": "Benutzername des Empfängers",
+        "studyName": "Study-Name"
+      },
+      "emailSubmissionUpload": {
+        "username": "Benutzername des Empfängers",
+        "assignmentName": "Assignment-Name",
+        "eventType": "Upload-Ereignis",
+        "assignmentId": "Assignment-ID",
+        "submissionId": "Submission-ID",
+        "timestamp": "Upload-Zeitstempel"
+      }
+    },
+    "descriptions": {
+      "emailGeneral": {
+        "username": "Benutzername des E-Mail-Empfängers.",
+        "firstName": "Vorname des E-Mail-Empfängers.",
+        "lastName": "Nachname des E-Mail-Empfängers.",
+        "link": "Aktionslink in der E-Mail (z. B. für Zurücksetzen oder Verifizierung).",
+        "otp": "Einmaliger Verifizierungscode für E-Mail-basierte Zwei-Faktor-Authentifizierung.",
+        "tokenExpiry": "Ablaufzeit in Stunden oder Minuten, abhängig vom E-Mail-Kontext."
+      },
+      "emailStudySession": {
+        "username": "Submission-Owner, der diese Session-E-Mail erhält.",
+        "link": "Link zum Öffnen des Reviews im Nur-Lesen-Modus."
+      },
+      "emailAssignment": {
+        "username": "Benutzername des zugewiesenen Reviewers.",
+        "assignmentType": "Gibt an, ob das Assignment document oder submission ist.",
+        "assignmentName": "Name des Assignments oder der Study.",
+        "link": "Link zum Starten der zugewiesenen Review-Session."
+      },
+      "emailStudyClose": {
+        "username": "Benutzername des Session-Owners mit offener Session beim Schließen der Study.",
+        "studyName": "Name der geschlossenen Study."
+      },
+      "emailSubmissionUpload": {
+        "username": "Benutzername des Empfängers (Assignment-Owner oder Submitter).",
+        "assignmentName": "Name des Assignments.",
+        "eventType": "Kleinbuchstaben: \"uploaded\" oder \"reuploaded\".",
+        "assignmentId": "Interne Assignment-Kennung.",
+        "submissionId": "Interne Submission-Kennung.",
+        "timestamp": "Zeitpunkt des Submission-Uploads."
+      }
+    },
+    "help": {
+      "emailGeneral": {
+        "username": "Der Benutzername der Person, die die E-Mail erhält. Bei Passwort-Zurücksetzung, Verifizierung oder Registrierung ist dies der Benutzer, um dessen Konto es in der E-Mail geht.",
+        "firstName": "Der Vorname der Person, die die E-Mail erhält.",
+        "lastName": "Der Nachname der Person, die die E-Mail erhält.",
+        "link": "Die URL, die in der E-Mail enthalten ist, z. B. für Passwort-Zurücksetzung, Verifizierung oder Registrierung.",
+        "otp": "Einmaliger Verifizierungscode für E-Mail-basierte Zwei-Faktor-Authentifizierung.",
+        "tokenExpiry": "Ablaufzeit in Stunden oder Minuten, abhängig vom E-Mail-Kontext."
+      },
+      "emailStudySession": {
+        "username": "Die Person, die diese E-Mail erhält. Bei Benachrichtigungen zum Start und Abschluss einer Session ist dies immer der Owner der Submission.",
+        "link": "Die URL zum Öffnen des Reviews (read-only). Wird für den Start und Abschluss einer Session verwendet."
+      },
+      "emailAssignment": {
+        "username": "Der Benutzername des Reviewers, dem die Aufgabe zugewiesen wurde.",
+        "assignmentType": "Gibt an, wie die Arbeit zugewiesen wurde: \"document\" (Review nach Dokument) oder \"submission\" (Review nach Submission).",
+        "assignmentName": "Der Name des Assignments oder der Study, dem bzw. der der Reviewer zugewiesen wurde.",
+        "link": "Die URL, über die der Reviewer seine Review-Session öffnen und starten kann. Dieser Link muss verwendet werden, um die zugewiesene Aufgabe zu beginnen."
+      },
+      "emailStudyClose": {
+        "username": "Der Benutzername des Session-Owners, der eine offene Session hatte, als die Study geschlossen wurde.",
+        "studyName": "Der Name der Study, die geschlossen wurde."
+      },
+      "emailSubmissionUpload": {
+        "username": "Die Person, die diese E-Mail erhält (Assignment-Owner oder Submitter).",
+        "assignmentName": "Der Titel des Assignments.",
+        "eventType": "Satztext in Kleinbuchstaben: \"uploaded\" oder \"reuploaded\".",
+        "assignmentId": "Interne Assignment-ID.",
+        "submissionId": "Interne Submission-ID.",
+        "timestamp": "Zeitpunkt, zu dem die Submission hochgeladen wurde."
+      }
+    }
+  },
+  "types": {
+    "emailGeneral": "E-Mail - Allgemein",
+    "emailStudySession": "E-Mail - Study Session",
+    "emailAssignment": "E-Mail - Assignment",
+    "documentGeneral": "Dokument - Allgemein",
+    "documentStudy": "Dokument - Study",
+    "emailStudyClose": "E-Mail - Studienabschluss",
+    "emailSubmissionUpload": "E-Mail - Submission-Upload"
+  },
+  "editor": {
+    "newLanguage": "Neue Sprache",
+    "createEmpty": "Leer erstellen",
+    "copyContent": "Inhalt kopieren",
+    "language": "Sprache",
+    "newLanguageMessage": "Für dieses Template wird eine neue Sprache hinzugefügt. Soll der aktuelle Inhalt in diese Sprache kopiert werden?<br><br><strong>Beim Verlassen der aktuellen Sprache wird deren Inhalt gespeichert.</strong>",
+    "leave": {
+        "missingPlaceholdersConfirm": "Dieses Template enthält nicht alle erforderlichen Platzhalter; Ihre Änderungen werden nicht gespeichert."
+    },
+    "toasts": {
+        "templateSaveFailed": "Template konnte nicht gespeichert werden",
+        "templateDiscardFailed": "Template-Änderungen konnten nicht verworfen werden",
+        "failedToLoadTemplate": "Template konnte nicht geladen werden",
+        "failedToAddLanguage": "Sprache konnte nicht hinzugefügt werden",
+        "noCursorPosition": {
+        "title": "Keine Cursorposition",
+        "message": "Klicken Sie bitte in den Editor, um die Cursorposition zu setzen, bevor Sie einen Platzhalter einfügen."
+        },
+        "previousEditFailed": "Vorherige Bearbeitung fehlgeschlagen; versuchen Sie es erneut",
+        "templateError": "Template-Fehler"
+    }
+  },
+  "dashboard": {
+    "title": "Vorlagen",
+    "browsePublicTemplates": "Öffentliche Vorlagen durchsuchen",
+    "publicTemplates": "Öffentliche Vorlagen",
+    "addNewTemplate": "Neue Vorlage hinzufügen",
+    "addTemplate": "Vorlage hinzufügen",
+    "chooseType": "Typ auswählen",
+    "actions": {
+        "editTemplate": "Vorlage bearbeiten",
+        "editContent": "Inhalt bearbeiten",
+        "viewContentReadOnly": "Inhalt anzeigen (schreibgeschützt)",
+        "publishTemplate": "Vorlage veröffentlichen",
+        "publishedCannotBeUnpublished": "Veröffentlicht (kann nicht zurückgezogen werden)",
+        "sourceUpdated": "Quelle aktualisiert",
+        "deleteTemplate": "Vorlage löschen"
+    },
+    "status": {
+        "published": "Veröffentlicht",
+        "draft": "Entwurf",
+        "updateAvailable": "Update verfügbar",
+        "sourceUnavailable": "Quelle nicht verfügbar"
+    },
+    "toasts": {
+        "templateDetached": {
+        "title": "Vorlage getrennt",
+        "message": "Sie können diese Vorlage jetzt bearbeiten"
+        },
+        "detachFailed": "Trennen fehlgeschlagen",
+        "templateDeleteFailed": "Löschen der Vorlage fehlgeschlagen"
+    },
+    "confirmDelete": {
+        "title": "Vorlage löschen",
+        "message": "Möchten Sie \"{name}\" wirklich löschen?"
+    }
+  },
+  "publicTemplates": {
+    "title": "Öffentliche Vorlagen",
+    "description": "Durchsuchen Sie veröffentlichte Vorlagen anderer Benutzer. Kopieren Sie eine Vorlage, um sie Ihrer eigenen Liste hinzuzufügen.",
+    "alreadyCopied": "Bereits kopiert",
+    "viewContentReadOnly": "Inhalt anzeigen (schreibgeschützt)",
+    "copyToMyTemplates": "In meine Vorlagen kopieren",
+    "success": {
+      "title": "Vorlage kopiert",
+      "message": "Die Vorlage wurde in Ihre Liste kopiert"
+    },
+    "errors": {
+      "copyFailed": "Kopieren fehlgeschlagen"
+    }
+  },
+  "publishModal": {
+    "title": "Vorlage veröffentlichen",
+    "success": {
+      "published": "Vorlage erfolgreich veröffentlicht!",
+      "visibility": "Die Vorlage ist jetzt {visibility}.",
+      "title": "Vorlage veröffentlicht"
+    },
+    "emailTemplateVisibilityInfo": "E-Mail-Vorlagen sind nach der Veröffentlichung nur {visibility}.",
+    "confirmQuestion": "Möchten Sie die Vorlage wirklich veröffentlichen?",
+    "cannotBeUndone": "Dies kann nicht rückgängig gemacht werden!",
+    "confirmPublish": "Ja, veröffentlichen!",
+    "visibility": {
+      "administrators": "für andere Administratoren sichtbar",
+      "allUsers": "für alle Benutzer sichtbar"
+    },
+    "errors": {
+      "notPublished": "Vorlage nicht veröffentlicht"
+    }
+  },
+  "detachModal": {
+    "title": "Kopie bearbeiten",
+    "description": "Wenn Sie diese Vorlage bearbeiten, wird sie von der Quelle getrennt. Sie erhalten keine Updates mehr von der ursprünglichen Vorlage. Fortfahren?"
+  },
+  "modal": {
+    "title": "Vorlage",
+    "errors": {
+      "typeRequired": {
+        "title": "Typ erforderlich",
+        "message": "Bitte wählen Sie einen Vorlagentyp aus"
+      },
+      "operationFailed": "Vorlagenvorgang fehlgeschlagen"
+    },
+    "success": {
+      "updated": "Vorlage aktualisiert",
+      "created": "Vorlage erstellt"
+    }
+  },
+  "updateModal": {
+    "title": "Quellvorlage wurde aktualisiert",
+    "description": "Ersetzen Sie Ihre Kopie durch den neuesten Inhalt oder erstellen Sie eine neue Kopie und trennen Sie die aktuelle.",
+    "makeNewCopyWarning": "Neue Kopie erstellen: Ihre aktuelle Kopie wird getrennt und erhält keine Updates mehr.",
+    "makeNewCopy": "Neue Kopie erstellen",
+    "success": {
+      "updatedTitle": "Vorlage aktualisiert",
+      "updatedMessage": "Der Inhalt wurde aus der Quellvorlage aktualisiert",
+      "copiedTitle": "Vorlage kopiert",
+      "copiedMessage": "Eine neue Kopie wurde erstellt. Ihre vorherige Kopie wurde getrennt."
+    },
+    "errors": {
+      "updateFailed": "Aktualisierung fehlgeschlagen",
+      "copyFailed": "Kopieren fehlgeschlagen"
+    }
+  },
+  "fields": {
+    "name": {
+      "label": "Name"
+    },
+    "description": {
+      "label": "Beschreibung"
+    },
+    "type": {
+      "label": "Typ",
+      "options": {
+        "chooseType": "Typ auswählen",
+        "emailGeneral": "E-Mail - Allgemein",
+        "emailStudySession": "E-Mail - Studiensitzung",
+        "emailAssignment": "E-Mail - Aufgabe",
+        "emailStudyClose": "E-Mail - Studienabschluss",
+        "emailSubmissionUpload": "E-Mail - Submission-Upload",
+        "documentGeneral": "Dokument - Allgemein",
+        "documentStudy": "Dokument - Studie"
+      }
+    },
+    "defaultLanguage": {
+      "label": "Standardsprache"
+    }
+  }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/utils/modules/i18n/de/users.json b/utils/modules/i18n/de/users.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ce09fcdea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/utils/modules/i18n/de/users.json
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+{
+    "title": "Benutzer",
+    "downloadUsers": "Benutzer herunterladen",
+    "assignRoles": "Rollen zuweisen",
+    "uploadPassword": "Passwort hochladen",
+    "importCsv": "CSV importieren",
+    "importViaMoodle": "Import über Moodle",
+    "addUser": "Benutzer hinzufügen",
+    "editUser": "Benutzer bearbeiten",
+    "viewRights": "Rechte anzeigen",
+    "resetPassword": "Passwort zurücksetzen",
+    "deleteUser": "Benutzer löschen",
+    "columns": {
+        "firstName": "Vorname",
+        "lastName": "Nachname",
+        "userName": "Benutzer",
+        "email": "E-Mail",
+        "acceptTerms": "Bedingungen akzeptiert",
+        "acceptStats": "Statistiken akzeptiert",
+        "acceptDataSharing": "Datenaustausch akzeptiert",
+        "verified": "Verifiziert",
+        "lastLogin": "Letzte Anmeldung",
+        "roles": "Rollen"
+    },
+    "messages": {
+        "deleteConfirm": "Möchten Sie diesen Benutzer wirklich löschen?",
+        "deleteTitle": "Benutzer löschen",
+        "userDeleted": "Benutzer gelöscht",
+        "userDeletedMessage": "Der Benutzer wurde gelöscht"
+    },
+    "stats": {
+        "exportCsv": "Als CSV exportieren",
+        "exportJson": "Als JSON exportieren",
+        "userStatsTitle": "Statistiken für {count} Benutzer | Statistiken für {count} Benutzer",
+        "columns": {
+            "user": "Benutzer",
+            "id": "ID",
+            "lastLogin": "Letzte Anmeldung",
+            "time": "Zeit",
+            "action": "Aktion",
+            "data": "Daten"
+        },
+        "toasts": {
+            "exportFailedTitle": "Export fehlgeschlagen",
+            "exportFailedMessage": "Export fehlgeschlagen."
+        }
+    },
+    "roles": {
+        "teacher": "Lehrer",
+        "mentor": "Tutor",
+        "student": "Student",
+        "guest": "Gast",
+        "user": "Benutzer",
+        "admin": "Administrator"
+  },
+  "liveSessions": "Live-Sitzungen",
+  "viewSessions": "Sitzungen anzeigen",
+  "activeSessions": {
+    "title": "Aktive Sitzungen",
+    "filteredUser": "Gefilterter Benutzer:",
+    "activeUsers": "{count} aktive Benutzer",
+    "socketId": "Socket-ID",
+    "userId": "Benutzer-ID",
+    "connectedAt": "Verbunden seit",
+    "browser": "Browser"
+  },
+  "rights": {
+    "assignRights": "Rechte zuweisen",
+    "managementTitle": "Rechteverwaltung",
+    "manageRightsFor": "Rechte verwalten für",
+    "role": "Rolle",
+    "selectRightsNote": "Wählen Sie die Rechte für diese Rolle aus. Hinweis: Alle Benutzer haben standardmäßig grundlegende {userRole}-Rechte.",
+    "selectRole": "Rolle auswählen",
+    "manageRights": "Rechte verwalten",
+    "rightName": "Rechtename",
+    "chooseRoleDescription": "Wählen Sie eine Rolle aus, die dem Benutzer zugewiesen werden soll.",
+    "updatedTitle": "Rollenrechte aktualisiert",
+    "updatedMessage": "Die Rollenrechte wurden erfolgreich aktualisiert",
+    "errors": {
+      "loadAvailableRightsFailed": "Verfügbare Rechte konnten nicht geladen werden",
+      "loadRoleRightsFailed": "Rollenrechte konnten nicht geladen werden",
+      "assignRoleRightsFailed": "Rollenrechte konnten nicht zugewiesen werden"
+    }
+  },
+  "roleManagement": {
+    "title": "Rolle erstellen",
+    "fields": {
+      "name": {
+        "label": "Rollenname",
+        "placeholder": "Rollennamen eingeben",
+        "description": "Neue Systemrolle erstellen."
+      },
+      "description": {
+        "placeholder": "Optionale Rollenbeschreibung"
+      }
+    },
+    "buttons": {
+      "create": "Rolle erstellen"
+    },
+    "toasts": {
+      "alreadyExists": {
+        "title": "Rolle existiert bereits",
+        "message": "Eine Rolle mit diesem Namen existiert bereits."
+      },
+      "createSuccess": {
+        "title": "Rolle erstellt",
+        "message": "Die Rolle wurde erfolgreich erstellt."
+      },
+      "createFailed": "Rolle konnte nicht erstellt werden"
+    }
+  }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/utils/modules/i18n/de/workflow.json b/utils/modules/i18n/de/workflow.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b796d4674
--- /dev/null
+++ b/utils/modules/i18n/de/workflow.json
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+{
+  "inspectStep": "Schritt prüfen",
+  "general": "Allgemein",
+  "stepType": "Schritttyp",
+  "navigation": "Navigation",
+  "previousStep": "Vorheriger Schritt",
+  "allowBackward": "Zurückgehen erlauben",
+  "documentReference": "Dokumentreferenz",
+  "firstStep": "Erster Schritt",
+  "configuration": "Konfiguration",
+  "noConfigurationDefined": "Keine Konfiguration definiert.",
+  "stepTypes": {
+    "annotator": "Annotator",
+    "editor": "Editor",
+    "modal": "Modal"
+  },
+  "dashboard": {
+    "title": "Workflows",
+    "addWorkflow": "Workflow hinzufügen",
+    "exportWorkflows": "Workflows exportieren",
+    "exportAll": "Alle exportieren",
+    "importWorkflows": "Workflows importieren",
+    "types": {
+      "system": "System",
+      "user": "Benutzer"
+    },
+    "columns": {
+      "hidden": "Ausgeblendet"
+    },
+    "actions": {
+      "copyWorkflow": "Workflow kopieren",
+      "editWorkflow": "Workflow bearbeiten",
+      "renameWorkflow": "Workflow umbenennen",
+      "exportWorkflow": "Workflow exportieren",
+      "toggleHidden": "Ausblendung umschalten",
+      "deleteWorkflow": "Workflow löschen"
+    },
+    "visibility": {
+      "hidden": "ausgeblendet",
+      "visible": "sichtbar"
+    },
+    "toasts": {
+      "workflowUpdated": {
+        "title": "Workflow aktualisiert",
+        "message": "Workflow ist jetzt im Frontend {state}"
+      },
+      "updateFailed": "Aktualisierung fehlgeschlagen",
+      "workflowDeleted": {
+        "title": "Workflow gelöscht",
+        "message": "Workflow wurde gelöscht"
+      },
+      "deleteFailed": "Löschen fehlgeschlagen"
+    },
+    "confirmDelete": {
+      "title": "Workflow löschen",
+      "message": "Möchten Sie den Workflow \"{name}\" wirklich löschen?",
+      "warning": "Diese Aktion kann nicht rückgängig gemacht werden."
+    }
+  },
+  "exportFormatModal": {
+    "title": "Workflows exportieren",
+    "json": {
+      "title": "JSON-Format",
+      "description": "Standardmäßiges JSON-Format mit korrekter Formatierung"
+    },
+    "yaml": {
+      "title": "YAML-Format",
+      "description": "Menschenlesbares YAML-Format"
+    },
+    "success": {
+      "title": "Export erfolgreich",
+      "single": "Workflow erfolgreich im {format}-Format exportiert",
+      "multiple": "Workflows erfolgreich im {format}-Format exportiert"
+    }
+  },
+  "importFormatModal": {
+    "title": "Workflows importieren",
+    "selectWorkflowFile": "Workflow-Datei auswählen (JSON oder YAML):",
+    "selectedFile": "Ausgewählt: {file}",
+    "selectWorkflowsPrefix": "Wählen Sie aus, welche Workflows importiert werden sollen aus",
+    "confirmQuestion": "Möchten Sie die folgenden Workflows wirklich importieren?",
+    "stepCount": "{count} Schritt(e)",
+    "steps": {
+      "fileSelection": "Dateiauswahl",
+      "workflowSelection": "Workflow-Auswahl",
+      "confirmation": "Bestätigung"
+    },
+    "table": {
+      "steps": "Schritte",
+      "hidden": "Ausgeblendet"
+    },
+    "errors": {
+      "parseFileFailed": "Datei konnte nicht gelesen werden: {message}",
+      "readFileFailed": "Datei konnte nicht gelesen werden",
+      "importError": "Importfehler",
+      "importStepFailed": "Schritt \"{step}\" konnte nicht importiert werden: {message}",
+      "importWorkflowFailed": "Workflow \"{workflow}\" konnte nicht importiert werden: {message}"
+    },
+    "success": {
+      "title": "Import erfolgreich",
+      "single": "{count} Workflow erfolgreich importiert!",
+      "multiple": "{count} Workflows erfolgreich importiert!"
+    }
+  },
+  "createModal": {
+    "title": "Workflow",
+    "success": {
+      "linkCopied": {
+        "title": "Link kopiert",
+        "message": "Workflow-Link wurde in die Zwischenablage kopiert!"
+      }
+    },
+    "errors": {
+      "linkNotCopied": {
+        "title": "Link nicht kopiert",
+        "message": "Workflow-Link konnte nicht in die Zwischenablage kopiert werden!"
+      }
+    }
+  },
+  "editModal": {
+    "title": "Workflow bearbeiten: {name}",
+    "workflow": "Workflow",
+    "description": "Beschreibung",
+    "copiedStep": "Kopierter Schritt",
+    "copiedStepValue": "{name} ({type})",
+    "unnamedStep": "Unbenannter Schritt",
+    "loadingWorkflow": "Workflow wird geladen...",
+    "loadingWorkflowGraph": "Workflow-Graph wird geladen...",
+    "savingChanges": "Änderungen werden gespeichert...",
+    "stepTypes": {
+      "annotater": "Annotater",
+      "editor": "Editor",
+      "modal": "Modal",
+      "annotaterStep": "Annotater-Schritt",
+      "editorStep": "Editor-Schritt",
+      "modalStep": "Modal-Schritt"
+    },
+    "errors": {
+      "saveFailed": "Speichern fehlgeschlagen",
+      "saveStepFailed": "Schritt konnte nicht gespeichert werden"
+    }
+  },
+  "renameModal": {
+    "title": "Workflow umbenennen",
+    "description": "Dadurch wird der bestehende Workflow umbenannt.",
+    "currentWorkflow": "Aktueller Workflow",
+    "renamingWorkflow": "Workflow wird umbenannt...",
+    "renameWorkflow": "Workflow umbenennen",
+    "form": {
+      "newWorkflowName": "Neuer Workflow-Name",
+      "enterNewWorkflowName": "Neuen Workflow-Namen eingeben"
+    },
+    "errors": {
+      "workflowNotFound": {
+        "title": "Fehler",
+        "message": "Workflow nicht gefunden"
+      },
+      "creationFailed": "Erstellung fehlgeschlagen",
+      "hideOriginalFailed": "Ausblenden des Originals fehlgeschlagen",
+      "renameFailed": "Umbenennen fehlgeschlagen",
+      "renameFailedMessage": "Workflow konnte nicht umbenannt werden"
+    },
+    "success": {
+      "title": "Workflow umbenannt",
+      "message": "Workflow \"{oldName}\" wurde in \"{newName}\" umbenannt"
+    }
+  },
+  "fields": {
+    "name": {
+      "label": "Name des Workflows:",
+      "placeholder": "Mein Workflow"
+    },
+    "description": {
+      "label": "Beschreibung des Workflows:",
+      "placeholder": "Workflow-Beschreibung"
+    },
+    "hideInFrontend": {
+      "label": "Workflow im Frontend ausblenden:",
+      "help": "Wenn aktiviert, wird dieser Workflow für Benutzer im Frontend ausgeblendet."
+    },
+    "step": {
+      "name": {
+        "label": "Name des Workflow-Schritts:",
+        "placeholder": "Mein Workflow-Schritt"
+      },
+      "stepType": {
+        "label": "Schritttyp auswählen:",
+        "help": "Wählen Sie den Typ des Workflow-Schritts aus."
+      },
+      "allowBackward": {
+        "label": "Rückwärtsnavigation erlauben:",
+        "help": "Erlaubt Benutzern, zu diesem Schritt zurückzugehen."
+      },
+      "configuration": {
+        "label": "Konfiguration:",
+        "placeholder": "JSON-Konfiguration für diesen Schritt eingeben",
+        "help": "Zusätzliche Konfigurationseinstellungen für diesen Workflow-Schritt im JSON-Format."
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/utils/modules/i18n/en/annotator.json b/utils/modules/i18n/en/annotator.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1efc85e13
--- /dev/null
+++ b/utils/modules/i18n/en/annotator.json
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+{
+    "documentNote": "Document Note",
+    "createdByUser": "Created by User {userId}",
+    "messages": {
+        "unsavedAnnotations": "Unsaved Annotations",
+        "unsavedAnnotationsWarning": "Are you sure you want to leave the annotator? There are unsaved annotations, which will be lost."
+    },
+    "annotations": "Annotations",
+    "submitReview": "Submit Review",
+    "report": "Report",
+    "accept": "Accept",
+    "reject": "Reject",
+    "hideStudyComments": "Hide study comments",
+    "showStudyComments": "Show study comments",
+    "deactivateNlpSupport": "Deactivate NLP support",
+    "activateNlpSupport": "Activate NLP support",
+    "downloadAnnotations": "Download Annotations",
+    "documentSubscribeError": "Document subscribe error",
+    "replies": "Replies",
+    "pdfPage": {
+        "loadingPage": "Loading Page {pageNumber}"
+    },
+    "readOnlyMode": "Read-Only Mode",
+    "annotationsViewOnly": "Annotations are view-only",
+    "card": {
+        "markedCheckedClickToUncheck": "Marked as checked - Click to uncheck",
+        "clickToMarkChecked": "Click to mark as checked"
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/utils/modules/i18n/en/assessment.json b/utils/modules/i18n/en/assessment.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cd49f27d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/utils/modules/i18n/en/assessment.json
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+{
+    "title": "Assessment",
+    "noConfiguration": "No Assessment Configuration available.",
+    "totalPoints": "{points} / {maxPoints} P",
+    "criteria": {
+        "unnamedCriterion": "Unnamed criterion",
+        "justification": "Justification:",
+        "noJustification": "No justification provided",
+        "editPlaceholder": "Edit the justification...",
+        "edit": "Edit",
+        "changeScore": "Change score",
+        "saved": "Assessment saved",
+        "save": "Save assessment",
+        "saveEdit": "Save",
+        "cancel": "Cancel"
+    },
+    "rubric": {
+        "unnamedRubric": "Unnamed rubric",
+        "noCriteria": "No criteria defined for this rubric.",
+        "scoreTitle": "Rubric: {score} / {max} P",
+        "scoreBadge": "{score} P"
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/utils/modules/i18n/en/assignments.json b/utils/modules/i18n/en/assignments.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..919a202ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/utils/modules/i18n/en/assignments.json
@@ -0,0 +1,211 @@
+{
+  "fields": {
+    "name": {
+      "label": "Assignment Name:",
+      "placeholder": "Assignment 1"
+    },
+    "description": {
+      "label": "Description:",
+      "help": "Optional description shown for this assignment."
+    },
+    "maxRevisions": {
+      "label": "Maximum Revisions:",
+      "help": "Maximum number of allowed revision copies for this assignment. Move to the end for unlimited.",
+      "unit": "revision(s)",
+      "unlimitedLabel": "unlimited"
+    },
+    "start": {
+      "label": "Start Time:"
+    },
+    "end": {
+      "label": "End Time:"
+    },
+    "validationConfigurationId": {
+      "label": "Validation Configuration:",
+      "help": "Validation is applied before submission upload."
+    },
+    "allowReUpload": {
+      "label": "Allow Re-Upload:",
+      "help": "If enabled, users can replace or delete uploaded submissions."
+    },
+    "notifyOnSubmissionUpload": {
+      "label": "Notify on Submission Upload:",
+      "help": "If enabled, sends an email when a student uploads or re-uploads a submission."
+    }
+  },
+  "dashboard": {
+    "buttons": {
+      "addAssignment": "Add Assignment"
+    },
+    "columns": {
+      "submissionStatus": "Submission Status",
+      "assignedTo": "Assigned To",
+      "maxRevisions": "Max Revisions",
+      "disable": "Disable",
+      "allowReUpload": "Allow Re-Upload",
+      "parentAssignmentId": "Parent Assignment ID"
+    },
+    "status": {
+      "notStarted": "Not started",
+      "open": "Open",
+      "closed": "Closed"
+    },
+    "actions": {
+      "editAssignment": "Edit assignment",
+      "deleteAssignment": "Delete assignment",
+      "inspectSubmissions": "Inspect submissions",
+      "toggleDisable": "Toggle Disable",
+      "copyAssignment": "Copy assignment",
+      "closeAssignment": "Close assignment"
+    },
+    "fallback": {
+      "userLabel": "User {id}"
+    },
+    "confirm": {
+      "close": {
+        "title": "Close Assignment",
+        "message": "Are you sure you want to close this assignment?"
+      },
+      "delete": {
+        "title": "Delete Assignment",
+        "message": "Are you sure you want to delete this assignment?"
+      }
+    },
+    "toasts": {
+      "noPermissionEdit": "You do not have permission to edit assignments.",
+      "noPermissionClose": "You do not have permission to close assignments.",
+      "noPermissionDisable": "You do not have permission to disable this assignment.",
+      "noPermissionDelete": "You do not have permission to delete assignments.",
+      "closeSuccess": {
+        "title": "Assignment closed",
+        "message": "The assignment has been closed."
+      },
+      "closeFailed": "Close failed",
+      "updateSuccess": {
+        "title": "Assignment updated",
+        "message": "Assignment is now {state}."
+      },
+      "updateFailed": "Update failed",
+      "deleteSuccess": {
+        "title": "Assignment deleted",
+        "message": "The assignment has been deleted"
+      },
+      "deleteFailed": "Assignment delete failed",
+      "copyFailed": {
+        "title": "Assignment copy failed",
+        "message": "Original assignment could not be found."
+      },
+      "revisionLimitReached": {
+        "title": "Revision limit reached",
+        "message": "You have reached the maximum number of revisions ({count})."
+      },
+      "uploadNotAllowed": {
+        "title": "Upload not allowed",
+        "message": "Submissions are closed for this assignment.",
+        "messageAdmin": "Submissions are closed for this assignment. Only admins can upload now."
+      }
+    },
+    "submissions": {
+      "activeTitle": "Active Assignments",
+      "noActive": "You have no active assignments.",
+      "closedTitle": "Closed Assignments",
+      "noClosed": "You have no closed assignments.",
+      "noDueDate": "no due date"
+    },
+    "modal": {
+      "submitText": "Save Assignment",
+      "assignMode": {
+        "roles": "Roles",
+        "users": "Users"
+      },
+      "step1": {
+        "rolesHint": "Select one or more roles allowed for this assignment.",
+        "usersHint": "Select one or more users allowed for this assignment."
+      },
+      "steps": {
+        "userRoles": "User Roles",
+        "assignment": "Assignment"
+      },
+      "columns": {
+        "role": "Role"
+      },
+      "titles": {
+        "copy": "Copy Assignment",
+        "edit": "Edit Assignment",
+        "new": "New Assignment"
+      },
+      "toasts": {
+        "saveFailed": "Could not save assignment",
+        "saveSuccess": {
+          "title": "Assignment saved",
+          "messageUpdated": "Assignment has been successfully updated.",
+          "messageCreated": "Assignment has been successfully created."
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "uploadModal": {
+      "assignmentDescriptionHeading": "Assignment Description",
+      "noDescription": "No description provided.",
+      "steps": {
+        "assignment": "Assignment"
+      },
+      "fields": {
+        "name": {
+          "label": "Submission Name",
+          "placeholder": "Enter a submission name"
+        },
+        "description": {
+          "label": "Submission Description",
+          "placeholder": "Add a short description"
+        }
+      },
+      "toasts": {
+        "missingUser": {
+          "title": "Missing user",
+          "message": "No user selected for this submission."
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "submissionsModal": {
+      "title": "Submissions for {title}",
+      "revisionLimitWarning": "Maximum number of revisions ({count}) reached.",
+      "fallbackAssignmentTitle": "Assignment #{id}"
+    },
+    "submissionsTable": {
+      "columns": {
+        "name": "Submission Name",
+        "studyUsageCount": "Studies Using"
+      },
+      "actions": {
+        "replace": "Replace submission",
+        "delete": "Delete submission"
+      },
+      "toasts": {
+        "documentFetchFailed": "Failed to get document",
+        "replaceNotAllowed": {
+          "title": "Replace not allowed",
+          "message": "This submission cannot be replaced because one or more documents are used in studies."
+        },
+        "replaceFailed": {
+          "title": "Replace failed",
+          "message": "Assignment id is missing for this submission."
+        },
+        "deleteNotAllowed": {
+          "title": "Delete not allowed",
+          "message": "This submission cannot be deleted because one or more documents are used in studies."
+        },
+        "deleteSuccess": {
+          "title": "Submission deleted",
+          "message": "The submission has been deleted"
+        },
+        "deleteFailed": "Failed to delete submission"
+      },
+      "confirm": {
+        "delete": {
+          "title": "Delete Submission",
+          "message": "Are you sure you want to delete this submission?"
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/utils/modules/i18n/en/auth.json b/utils/modules/i18n/en/auth.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dee877553
--- /dev/null
+++ b/utils/modules/i18n/en/auth.json
@@ -0,0 +1,299 @@
+{
+  "login": "Login",
+  "logout": "Logout",
+  "register": "Register",
+  "orSignInWith": "Or sign in with",
+  "appVersion": "App Version",
+  "username": "Username",
+  "password": "Password",
+  "email": "E-Mail",
+  "emailAddress": "Email Address",
+  "firstName": "First name",
+  "lastName": "Last name",
+  "forgotPassword": "Forgot Password?",
+  "resetPassword": "Reset Password",
+  "changePassword": "Change password",
+  "currentPassword": "Current Password",
+  "newPassword": "New Password",
+  "confirmPassword": "Confirm Password",
+  "loginAsGuest": "Login as Guest",
+  "usernameOrEmail": "Username or email",
+  "signedInAs": "Signed in as {username}",
+  "preferences": {
+    "title": "Preferences",
+    "sections": {
+      "language": "Language"
+    }
+  },
+  "updateConsent": "Update consent",
+  "termsOfService": "Terms of Service",
+  "acceptTerms": "I accept the Terms of Service",
+  "acceptStats": "I allow the collection of anonymous statistics",
+  "acceptDataSharing": "I agree to my data being made available for research purposes",
+  "acceptStatsBehavior": "I allow the collection of behaviour statistics for research purpose",
+  "acceptAndContinue": "Accept & Continue",
+  "emailVerificationRequired": "Email Verification Required",
+  "resendVerificationEmail": "Resend Verification Email",
+  "returnToLogin": "Return to Login",
+  "backToLogin": "Back to Login",
+  "signingIn": "Signing in...",
+  "placeholders": {
+    "newPasswordPlaceholder": "Enter new password (minimum 8 characters)",
+    "confirmPasswordPlaceholder": "Confirm new password"
+  },
+  "ldap": {
+    "institutionalLogin": "Institutional Login (LDAP)",
+    "institutionalUsername": "Institutional Username",
+    "institutionalUsernamePlaceholder": "Enter your institutional username",
+    "institutionalPassword": "Institutional Password",
+    "institutionalPasswordPlaceholder": "Enter your institutional password",
+    "loginWithLdap": "Login with LDAP",
+    "passwordNotStoredLine1": "Your institutional password is not stored in CARE",
+    "passwordNotStoredLine2": "and is only used for authentication against your institution."
+  },
+  "api": {
+    "failedToLogin": "Failed to login",
+    "incorrectUsernameOrPassword": "Incorrect username or password.",
+    "emailNotVerifiedBeforeLogin": "Please verify your email address before logging in.",
+    "ldapLoginDisabled": "LDAP login is disabled by the administrator.",
+    "ldapLoginNotReady": "LDAP login is enabled but not fully configured. Please contact an administrator.",
+    "ldapLoginFailed": "LDAP login failed.",
+    "sessionDestroyed": "Session destroyed!",
+    "passwordResetDisabled": "Password reset is disabled.",
+    "provideEmail": "Please provide an email.",
+    "userNotFoundByEmail": "User with this email does not exist.",
+    "passwordResetRateLimited": "Please wait {minutes} minute(s) before requesting another password reset email.",
+    "passwordResetLinkSent": "A password reset link has been sent.",
+    "internalServerError": "Internal server error",
+    "tokenAndPasswordRequired": "Token and new password are required.",
+    "invalidTokenFormat": "Invalid token format.",
+    "tokenExpired": "Token has expired.",
+    "invalidToken": "Invalid token.",
+    "tokenRequired": "Token is required.",
+    "tokenNotFound": "Token not found.",
+    "tokenValid": "Token is valid.",
+    "passwordResetSuccess": "Password has been reset successfully.",
+    "selfRegistrationDisabled": "Self-registration is currently disabled. Please contact an administrator to create an account.",
+    "provideFirstName": "Please provide a first name.",
+    "provideLastName": "Please provide a last name.",
+    "provideAEmail": "Please provide a email.",
+    "emailAlreadyTaken": "E-Mail already taken.",
+    "providePassword": "Please provide a password.",
+    "agreeToTerms": "Please agree to the terms of use.",
+    "provideUserName": "Please provide a user name.",
+    "usernameTaken": "Username already taken.",
+    "userCreatedVerifyEmail": "User was successfully created. Please check your email to verify your account.",
+    "userCreated": "User was successfully created",
+    "failedToCreateUser": "Failed to create user",
+    "emailVerificationDisabled": "Email verification is disabled.",
+    "missingToken": "Missing token.",
+    "emailVerifiedLogin": "Email successfully verified. You can now log in.",
+    "emailAddressRequired": "Email address is required.",
+    "emailAlreadyVerified": "Email address is already verified.",
+    "verificationRateLimited": "Please wait {minutes} minute(s) before requesting another verification email.",
+    "verificationEmailSent": "Verification email has been sent.",
+    "failedToEstablishLoginSession": "Failed to establish login session.",
+    "authenticationRequired": "Authentication required"
+  },
+  "messages": {
+    "emailVerified": "Email Verified",
+    "registrationDisabled": "Registration Disabled",
+    "selfRegistrationDisabledMessage": "Self-registration is currently disabled. Please contact an administrator to create an account.",
+    "emailVerifiedSuccess": "Your email has been successfully verified. You can now log in.",
+    "resetTokenValid": "Token is valid.",
+    "validationLinkSent": "A validation link was sent to your email",
+    "validateEmail": "Validate your email",
+    "registrationSuccess": "Registration successful! You can now log in.",
+    "logoutSuccess": "Session ended.",
+    "passwordResetLinkSent": "Password reset link has been sent to your email address.",
+    "passwordResetInstructions": "We'll send password reset instructions to this email address.",
+    "emailNotVerified": "Your email address has not been verified yet. Please check your inbox for a verification email.",
+    "resendVerificationPrompt": "Didn't receive the email? Click the button below to resend.",
+    "verificationEmailSent": "Verification email has been sent successfully.",
+    "validatingResetToken": "Validating reset token...",
+    "passwordResetSuccess": "Password has been successfully reset. You can now login with your new password.",
+    "termsUpdated": "Terms successfully updated.",
+    "termsUpdatedMessage": "The terms have been successfully updated.",
+    "consentUpdated": "Consent successfully updated",
+    "consentUpdatedMessage": "The consent settings were updated successfully"
+  },
+  "copyright": "Copyright © 2022-2024 Team Care UKP Lab (TU Darmstadt)",
+  "acceptTermsPrefix": "I accept the",
+  "twoFactor": {
+    "configure": "Configure 2FA",
+    "select": {
+      "title": "Choose verification method",
+      "description": "Your account is protected with multiple two-factor methods.",
+      "instruction": "Please choose how you want to verify this login.",
+      "continuing": "Continuing...",
+      "profileHint": "You can change your available methods in your profile after logging in.",
+      "methods": {
+        "email": {
+          "label": "Email verification code",
+          "description": "We will send a 6-digit code to your registered email address."
+        },
+        "totp": {
+          "label": "Authenticator app (TOTP)",
+          "description": "Use a code from your authenticator app, e.g. Google Authenticator."
+        },
+        "fallbackDescription": "Use this method to complete your login."
+      },
+      "errors": {
+        "selectMethod": "Please select a verification method.",
+        "startFailed": "Failed to start the selected verification method.",
+        "unsupportedMethod": "The selected verification method is not supported in the client.",
+        "startFailedRetry": "Failed to start the selected verification method. Please try again."
+      }
+    },
+    "api": {
+      "noPendingVerification": "No pending 2FA verification found. Please login again.",
+      "userNotFound": "User not found.",
+      "internalServerError": "Internal server error",
+      "sessionErrorDuring2fa": "Session error during 2FA.",
+      "missingMethodSelection": "Missing 2FA method selection.",
+      "selectedMethodNotEnabled": "Selected 2FA method is not enabled for this user.",
+      "emailAddressNotFound": "Email address not found. Cannot use email 2FA.",
+      "emailNotFoundForUser": "Email not found for this user.",
+      "userEmailNotFound": "User email not found. Cannot send OTP.",
+      "emailNotEnabledForUser": "Email 2FA is not enabled for this user.",
+      "emailNotSelected": "Email 2FA is not the selected method.",
+      "emailNotSelectedSelectFirst": "Email 2FA is not the selected method. Please select email first.",
+      "totpMissingSecret": "TOTP is enabled but not configured (missing secret).",
+      "totpNotConfigured": "TOTP is not configured.",
+      "unsupportedMethod": "Unsupported 2FA method: {method}",
+      "startSelectedMethodFailed": "Failed to start selected 2FA method.",
+      "otpRequired": "OTP is required.",
+      "otpExpired": "OTP has expired. Please request a new one.",
+      "totpTokenRequired": "TOTP token is required.",
+      "invalidTotpCode": "Invalid TOTP code.",
+      "invalidTotpCodeNoPeriod": "Invalid TOTP code",
+      "noPendingTotpSetup": "No pending TOTP setup found.",
+      "totpSetupInitiateFailed": "Failed to initiate TOTP setup.",
+      "totpConfiguredSuccessfully": "TOTP configured successfully.",
+      "loginRequiredCheckStatus": "You must be logged in to check 2FA status.",
+      "loginRequiredEnable": "You must be logged in to enable 2FA.",
+      "validMethodRequired": "Valid 2FA method is required (email or totp).",
+      "emailRequiredFor2fa": "Email address is required to enable email 2FA.",
+      "useTotpSetup": "Use /auth/2fa/totp/setup/initiate and /auth/2fa/totp/setup/verify to enable TOTP (requires setup + verification).",
+      "enabledWithMethod": "2FA has been enabled with {method} method.",
+      "methodNotEnabledForUser": "2FA method '{method}' is not enabled for this user.",
+      "methodDisabled": "2FA method '{method}' has been disabled.",
+      "invalidCodeAttemptsRemaining": "Invalid verification code. {attemptsRemaining} attempt(s) remaining.",
+      "invalidOtpAttemptsRemaining": "Invalid OTP code. {attemptsRemaining} attempt(s) remaining.",
+      "invalidTotpAttemptsRemaining": "Invalid TOTP code. {attemptsRemaining} attempt(s) remaining.",
+      "tooManyInvalidAttempts": "Too many invalid verification attempts. Please login again.",
+      "tooManyInvalidOtpAttempts": "Too many invalid OTP attempts. Please login again.",
+      "tooManyInvalidTotpAttempts": "Too many invalid TOTP attempts. Please login again."
+    },
+    "settings": {
+      "title": "Two-Factor Authentication Settings",
+      "enforcedWarning": "Two-factor authentication is required by your administrator. Configure at least one method to continue.",
+      "status": {
+        "none": "Status: No 2FA methods enabled",
+        "enabled": "Status: {count} method(s) enabled"
+      },
+      "email": {
+        "title": "Email Verification",
+        "description": "Receive a 6-digit code via email when logging in",
+        "codesSentTo": "Codes will be sent to:",
+        "emailRequiredHint": "You need to add and verify an email address in your profile first"
+      },
+      "totp": {
+        "title": "Authenticator App (TOTP)",
+        "description": "Use an authenticator app like Google Authenticator",
+        "scanQrInstruction": "Scan the QR code with your authenticator app, then enter the code to verify setup.",
+        "qrCodeAlt": "TOTP QR Code",
+        "qrCodeError": "Could not generate QR code. Use the manual entry key below.",
+        "generatingQrCode": "Generating QR code...",
+        "manualEntry": "Manual entry:",
+        "enterVerificationCode": "Enter verification code",
+        "enterCodeHint": "Enter the 6-digit code from your authenticator app",
+        "verifying": "Verifying...",
+        "verifyAndEnable": "Verify & Enable",
+        "active": "TOTP is configured and active"
+      },
+      "info": {
+        "title": "How it works",
+        "description": "When logging in, you'll be asked to verify using one of your enabled methods. If multiple methods are enabled, you can choose which one to use."
+      },
+      "toasts": {
+        "loadFailed": "Failed to load 2FA settings",
+        "emailRequired": "Email required",
+        "emailEnabled": {
+          "title": "Email 2FA enabled",
+          "message": "Email verification has been enabled"
+        },
+        "emailEnableFailed": "Failed to enable email 2FA",
+        "emailDisabled": {
+          "title": "Email 2FA disabled",
+          "message": "Email verification has been disabled"
+        },
+        "emailDisableFailed": "Failed to disable email 2FA",
+        "actionBlocked": {
+          "title": "Action blocked",
+          "message": "2FA is required. Configure another method before disabling this one."
+        },
+        "totpSetupStartFailed": "Failed to start TOTP setup",
+        "totpEnabled": {
+          "title": "TOTP enabled",
+          "message": "Authenticator app has been successfully configured"
+        },
+        "verificationFailed": "Verification failed",
+        "totpDisabled": {
+          "title": "TOTP disabled",
+          "message": "TOTP has been disabled"
+        },
+        "totpDisableFailed": "Failed to disable TOTP"
+      },
+      "confirm": {
+        "disableEmail": "Are you sure you want to disable email 2FA? This will reduce your account security.",
+        "disableTotp": "Are you sure you want to disable TOTP 2FA? This will reduce your account security."
+      }
+    },
+    "verifyEmail": {
+      "title": "Two-Factor Authentication",
+      "descriptionLine1": "We've sent a verification code to your email",
+      "descriptionLine2": "Please enter the code below to complete your login.",
+      "verificationCode": "Verification Code",
+      "codePlaceholder": "Enter 6-digit code",
+      "invalidCode": "Please provide a valid 6-digit code.",
+      "verifying": "Verifying...",
+      "verify": "Verify",
+      "expirationHint": "The code will expire in 10 minutes.",
+      "resendHint": "Didn't receive the code? Check your spam folder or click \"Resend Code\".",
+      "sending": "Sending...",
+      "resendCodeIn": "Resend code in ({seconds}s)",
+      "resendCode": "Resend Code",
+      "errors": {
+        "loadStatusFailed": "Failed to load verification status. Please login again.",
+        "invalidCode": "Invalid verification code. Please try again.",
+        "verifyFailed": "Failed to verify code. Please try again.",
+        "waitBeforeResend": "Please wait before requesting another code.",
+        "resendFailed": "Failed to resend code. Please try again."
+      },
+      "success": {
+        "verificationSuccessful": "Verification successful! Redirecting...",
+        "codeSent": "A new verification code has been sent to your email"
+      }
+    },
+    "verifyTotp": {
+      "title": "Two-Factor Authentication",
+      "descriptionLine1": "Open your authenticator app and enter the 6-digit code",
+      "descriptionLine2": "This is the second step to verify your identity.",
+      "authenticatorCode": "Authenticator Code",
+      "codePlaceholder": "Enter 6-digit code",
+      "invalidCode": "Please provide a valid 6-digit code.",
+      "verifying": "Verifying...",
+      "verify": "Verify",
+      "refreshHint": "Codes refresh every 30 seconds.",
+      "timeHint": "Make sure your device time is correct if codes are not accepted.",
+      "success": {
+        "verificationSuccessful": "Verification successful! Redirecting..."
+      },
+      "errors": {
+        "invalidCode": "Invalid verification code. Please try again.",
+        "verifyFailed": "Failed to verify code. Please try again."
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/utils/modules/i18n/en/basic.json b/utils/modules/i18n/en/basic.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5dcbee1c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/utils/modules/i18n/en/basic.json
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+{
+    "form": {
+      "placeholders": {
+        "documentBracket": "<Document>",
+        "documentTemplateSuffix": "(document template)"
+      },
+      "advancedSettings": "Advanced Settings"
+    },
+    "configuration": {
+      "title": "Configuration",
+      "filesTitle": "Configuration Files",
+      "uploadButton": "Upload Configuration",
+      "uploadTooltip": "Upload new configuration file",
+      "types": {
+        "assessment": "Assessment",
+        "validation": "Validation"
+      },
+      "fields": {
+        "name": {
+          "label": "Name",
+          "placeholder": "Configuration name"
+        },
+        "description": {
+          "label": "Description",
+          "placeholder": "Optional description"
+        },
+        "userId": {
+          "label": "User ID"
+        },
+        "hideInFrontend": {
+          "label": "Hide in Frontend"
+        },
+        "type": {
+          "label": "Type"
+        },
+        "content": {
+          "label": "Config (JSON)"
+        }
+      },
+      "viewer": {
+        "title": "Configuration: {name}"
+      },
+      "editor": {
+        "title": "Edit Configuration: {name}",
+        "placeholder": "Edit JSON content here..."
+      },
+      "delete": {
+        "title": "Delete Configuration",
+        "message": "Are you sure you want to delete \"{name}\"?"
+      },
+      "tooltips": {
+        "view": "View configuration",
+        "edit": "Edit configuration",
+        "delete": "Delete configuration"
+      },
+      "steps": {
+        "general": "General Settings",
+        "services": "Services",
+        "placeholders": "Placeholders"
+      },
+      "editButton": "Edit Configuration",
+      "saveButton": "Save Configuration",
+      "toasts": {
+        "updatedTitle": "Configuration Updated",
+        "updatedMessage": "The configuration data has been successfully updated.",
+        "loadErrorTitle": "Configuration Error",
+        "loadErrorMessage": "Failed to load configuration content: {error}",
+        "editorNotInit": "Editor not initialized",
+        "noContent": "No configuration content to save",
+        "invalidJsonTitle": "Invalid JSON",
+        "invalidJsonMessage": "Please check your JSON syntax: {error}",
+        "updateErrorTitle": "Configuration Update Error",
+        "updateErrorMessage": "Failed to update configuration",
+        "deleteFailedTitle": "Configuration delete failed"
+      },
+      "stepTitles": {
+        "general": "General Configuration",
+        "services": "Services Configuration",
+        "placeholders": "Placeholders Configuration"
+      }
+    },
+    "consent": {
+      "successTitle": "Consent successfully updated",
+      "successMessage": "The consent settings have been successfully updated.",
+      "errorTitle": "Error updating consent"
+
+    },
+    "export": {
+      "successTitle": "Export Success",
+      "successMessage": "Exported {id}"
+    },
+    "graph": {
+      "inspectNode": "Inspect node",
+      "copyNode": "Copy node",
+      "addNodeBefore": "Add node before",
+      "addNodeAfter": "Add node after",
+      "removeNode": "Remove node",
+      "editNode": "Edit node",
+      "pasteCopiedNode": "Paste copied node",
+      "pasteBeforeSelectedNode": "Paste before selected node",
+      "pasteAfterSelectedNode": "Paste after selected node",
+      "readOnly": "You cannot edit this graph",
+      "confirmRemove": {
+        "title": "Remove Node",
+        "message": "Do you really want to remove the selected node?",
+        "warning": "All subsequent nodes will also be removed!"
+      }
+    },
+    "workflowStepEditor": {
+      "title": "Workflow Step",
+      "errors": {
+        "addNextNode": "Error adding next node: {error}"
+      }
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/utils/modules/i18n/en/common.json b/utils/modules/i18n/en/common.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5b6ee00b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/utils/modules/i18n/en/common.json
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+{
+    "yes": "Yes",
+    "no": "No",
+    "ok": "OK",
+    "save": "Save",
+    "cancel": "Cancel",
+    "close": "Close",
+    "continue": "Continue",
+    "abort": "Abort",
+    "decline": "Decline",
+    "confirm": "Confirm",
+    "back": "Back",
+    "previous": "Previous",
+    "next": "Next",
+    "nextText": "Next",
+    "new": "New",
+    "add": "Add",
+    "create": "Create",
+    "edit": "Edit",
+    "editItem": "Edit {item}",
+    "newItem": "New {item}",
+    "change": "Change",
+    "update": "Update",
+    "delete": "Delete",
+    "copy": "Copy",
+    "download": "Download",
+    "upload": "Upload",
+    "import": "Import",
+    "importing": "Importing…",
+    "export": "Export",
+    "exportAll": "Export All",
+    "json": "JSON",
+    "csv": "CSV",
+    "reload": "Reload",
+    "loading": "Loading...",
+    "noData": "No data",
+    "success": "Success",
+    "error": "Error",
+    "warning": "Warning",
+    "info": "Info",
+    "readOnly": "Read Only",
+    "id": "ID",
+    "name": "Name",
+    "title": "Title",
+    "createdAt": "Created At",
+    "updatedAt": "Last Change",
+    "type": "Type",
+    "status": "Status",
+    "public": "Public",
+    "actions": "Actions",
+    "manage": "Manage",
+    "search": "Search",
+    "filter": "Filter",
+    "sortBy": "Sort By",
+    "page": "Page",
+    "of": "of",
+    "show": "Show",
+    "start": "Start",
+    "end": "End",
+    "created": "Created",
+    "user": "User",
+    "userName": "User Name",
+    "userId": "User Id",
+    "email": "Email",
+    "extId": "extId",
+    "firstName": "First Name",
+    "lastName": "Last Name",
+    "groupId": "Group ID",
+    "dataExisting": "Data Existing",
+    "loadingFromServer": "Loading data from server...",
+    "typeToFilter": "Type to filter table...",
+    "submitText": "Submit",
+    "required": "This field is required",
+    "select": "Select",
+    "baseFileType": "Select base file type:",
+    "example": "Example",
+    "input": "Input",
+    "output": "Output",
+    "config": "Config",
+    "send": "Send",
+    "note": "Note:",
+    "stepper": {
+        "stepNotImplemented": "Step {step} is not implemented."
+    },
+    "itemsPerPage": "Items per page",
+    "all": "All",
+    "label": "Pagination",
+    "assign": "Assign",
+    "confirmation": "Confirmation",
+    "project": "Project",
+    "language": "Language",
+    "reset": "Reset",
+    "na": "N/A",
+    "time": {
+        "seconds": "{sec}s",
+        "minutesSeconds": "{min}m {sec}s",
+        "hoursMinutesSeconds": "{h}h {min}m {sec}s",
+        "minutes": "min",
+        "lessThanMinutes": "<{min}min"
+    },
+    "reply": "Reply",
+    "hide": "Hide",
+    "showMore": "Show more",
+    "showLess": "Show less",
+    "hideMore": "Hide more",
+    "summarize": "Summarize",
+    "apply": "Apply",
+    "unknown": "Unknown",
+    "submission": "Submission",
+    "assignments": "Assignments",
+    "use": "Use",
+    "hideReplies": "Hide replies",
+    "connecting": "Connecting...",
+    "loadingProgress": "Load {appLoadStep} ({percent}%)",
+    "duplicate": "Duplicate",
+    "notSet": "Not yet set",
+    "details": "Details",
+    "view": "View",
+    "updated": "Updated",
+    "refresh": "Refresh",
+    "configure": "Configure",
+    "anonymous": "Anonymous",
+    "unlimited": "unlimited",
+    "none": "None",
+    "languages": {
+        "en": "English",
+        "de": "Deutsch",
+        "fr": "Français"
+    },
+    "enabled": "Enabled",
+    "disabled": "Disabled",
+    "online": "Online",
+    "offline": "Offline",
+    "noDescription": "No description",
+    "pagination": "Pagination",
+    "first": "First",
+    "last": "Last",
+    "paginationRange": "Showing {start}-{end} of {total}",
+    "noGroupId": "No GroupID",
+    "active": "Active",
+    "inactive": "Inactive",
+    "selectedCount": "{selected} of {total} selected",
+    "description": "Description",
+    "running": "Running",
+    "finished": "Finished"
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/utils/modules/i18n/en/components.json b/utils/modules/i18n/en/components.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2c52bf9ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/utils/modules/i18n/en/components.json
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+{
+    "logs":{
+        "title": "Logs",
+    "columns": {
+        "level": "Level",
+        "time": "Time",
+        "service": "Service",
+        "message": "Message"
+    },
+    "levels": {
+        "error": "Error",
+        "warn": "Warning",
+        "info": "Info",
+        "debug": "Debug"
+    }
+    },
+    "comment":{
+        "enterText": "Enter text...",
+        "noComment": "No comment",
+        "sentimentAnalysis": "Sentiment Analysis",
+        "saveCommand": "Save (Ctrl+Enter)"
+    },
+    "voteButtons":{
+        "helpful": "Helpful",
+        "notHelpful": "Not helpful"
+    },
+    "pdftoolbar":{
+        "minToolbar": "Minimize Toolbar",
+        "showToolbar": "Show Toolbar"
+    },
+    "documentRoute": {
+        "errors": {
+        "goToDashboard": "Go to Dashboard",
+        "documentNotFoundTitle": "Document Not Found",
+        "accessDeniedTitle": "Access Denied",
+        "fileMissingTitle": "File Not Available",
+        "documentErrorTitle": "Document Error",
+        "unexpectedError": "An unexpected error occurred."
+        }
+    },
+    "studyRoute": {
+        "errors": {
+        "goToDashboard": "Go to Dashboard",
+        "studyNotFoundTitle": "Study Not Found",
+        "accessDeniedTitle": "Access Denied",
+        "filesMissingTitle": "Files Not Available",
+        "documentNotFoundTitle": "Document Not Found",
+        "unexpectedError": "An unexpected error occurred.",
+        "foreignUnstartedSession": "This study session has not been started yet and belongs to another user."
+        }
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/utils/modules/i18n/en/coordinator.json b/utils/modules/i18n/en/coordinator.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ae51a1849
--- /dev/null
+++ b/utils/modules/i18n/en/coordinator.json
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+{
+    "entryUpdated": "The entry has been updated successfully!",
+    "entryAdded": "The entry has been added successfully!",
+    "errors": {
+      "noFieldsDefined": "The table {table} has no defined fields!",
+      "saveFailed": "Could not save",
+      "incompleteConfig": "Incomplete Configuration",
+      "incompleteConfigDetail": "You have incomplete configuration at {steps}",
+      "stepSingle": "step {n}",
+      "stepMultiple": "steps {list} and {last}"
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/utils/modules/i18n/en/dashboard.json b/utils/modules/i18n/en/dashboard.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f60bc410e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/utils/modules/i18n/en/dashboard.json
@@ -0,0 +1,513 @@
+{
+    "projects": {
+        "title": "Projects",
+        "assignProjectsToUsers": "Assign Projects to users",
+        "selectProjectToAssign": "Select project to assign:",
+        "OneProjectSelected": "1 project selected",
+        "ZeroProjectsSelected": "0 projects selected",
+        "selectUsersToAssignProjectsTo": "Select users to assign projects to:",
+        "usersSelected": "user(s) selected",
+        "confirmAssignment": "Confirm assignment:",
+        "summary": "Summary:",
+        "aboutToAssign": "You are about to assign {projectCount} project to {userCount} user(s).",
+        "noteLabel": "Note:",
+        "noteBody": "By assigning users to this project, the project will automatically be made public.",
+        "selectedProjects": "Selected projects:",
+        "selectedUsers": "Selected users:",
+        "selectProjects": "Select projects",
+        "selectUsers": "Select users",
+        "selectProject": "Select Project",
+        "assignmentFailed": "Assignment failed",
+        "selectMessage": "Please select a project and at least one user.",
+        "projectAssignmentFailed": "Project assignment failed",
+        "projectAssigned": "Project assigned",
+        "successfullyAssignedMessage": "The project has been successfully assigned to {count} user(s).",
+        "exportData": "Export Data",
+        "exportStudySessions": "Exporting a list of all study sessions with hash:",
+        "totalStudies": "Total Studies:",
+        "totalStudySessions": "Total Study Sessions:",
+        "exportingAllData": "Exporting all data",
+        "totalTags": "Total Tags:",
+        "totalTagSets": "Total Tag Sets:",
+        "totalProjects": "Total Projects:",
+        "totalDocuments": "Total Documents:",
+        "totalAnnotations": "Total Annotations:",
+        "totalComments": "Total Comments:",
+        "totalCommentsVotes": "Total Comment Votes:",
+        "totalEdits": "Total Edits:",
+        "exportType": "Export Type",
+        "exportReviewers": "Export a list of all reviewers",
+        "extId": "extId",
+        "numberOfAssignments": "Number of Assignments",
+        "roles": "Roles",
+        "filterTable": "From which should be filtered?",
+        "selectAsDefault": "Select project as default",
+        "createTooltip": "Create project",
+        "assignButton": "Assign projects",
+        "assignTooltip": "Assign projects",
+        "coordinator": {
+            "title": "Project"
+        },
+        "export": {
+            "confirmSelection": "Confirm Selection:",
+            "declinedSharingWarning": "You have selected one or more students who {emphasis}.",
+            "declinedSharingEmphasis": "didn't accept data sharing",
+            "aliasMappingWarning": "The downloaded ZIP archive will include a CSV file that maps the generated aliases back to the real student names.",
+            "reviewWarning": "We strongly recommend conducting a thorough review of this export before sharing it, to ensure no sensitive or unintended information is distributed.",
+            "summary": "Summary:",
+            "downloadSummary": "You are about to download submissions for {count} student(s).",
+            "fileCount": "{count} files"
+        },
+        "columns": {
+            "name": "Project name",
+            "public": "Public",
+            "closed": "Closed",
+            "username": "Username",
+            "studentName": "Student Name",
+            "files": "Files",
+            "acceptedDataSharing": "Accepted Data Sharing",
+            "lastSubmitted": "Last Submitted"
+        },
+        "actions": {
+            "copy": "Copy project",
+            "edit": "Edit project",
+            "delete": "Delete project",
+            "share": "Share project",
+            "export": "Export data",
+            "selectDefault": "Select project as default"
+        },
+        "delete": {
+            "title": "Delete Project",
+            "message": "Are you sure you want to delete this project?",
+            "warningStudies": "There is currently {count} study linked to this project. Deleting the project will also delete the study. | There are currently {count} studies linked to this project. Deleting the project will also delete the studies.",
+            "warningDocuments": "There is currently {count} document linked to this project. Deleting the project will also delete the document. | There are currently {count} documents linked to this project. Deleting the project will also delete the documents."
+        },
+        "toasts": {
+            "deleteFailed": "Project delete failed",
+            "publishFailed": "Project publish failed",
+            "publishedTitle": "Project published",
+            "publishedMessage": "The project has been successfully published."
+        },
+        "fields": {
+            "name": {
+                "label": "Name of the project:",
+                "placeholder": "My project"
+            },
+            "description": {
+                "label": "Description of the project:",
+                "placeholder": "My project description"
+            },
+            "publicSwitch": "Is the project public?"
+        },
+        "exportOptions": {
+            "title": "Options",
+            "generateAliases": "Generate aliases for student names",
+            "customSeedOptional": "Custom Seed (Optional):",
+            "seedPlaceholder": "e.g. 846569412",
+            "seedHint": "Using the same seed ensures consistent aliases for your own exports.",
+            "noteLabel": "Note:",
+            "accountSpecificHint": "Aliases are tied to your account and won't match other users' exports.",
+            "gradeFileFormat": "Grade file format",
+            "mergeCsvFiles": "Merge CSV files by study, step, and configuration"
+        },
+        "exportSelectSubmissions": "Select Submissions to Download:",
+        "noSubmissionsFound": "No submissions found for this project.",
+        "exportModal": {
+            "steps": {
+                "selectStudent": "Select Student",
+                "options": "Options",
+                "confirmDownload": "Confirm Download",
+                "confirmation": "Confirmation"
+            },
+            "exportReviewers": "Export a list of all reviewers",
+            "exportSubmissions": "Export submissions",
+            "exportGrades": "Export grades"
+        }
+    },
+    "settings": {
+        "selectSetting": "Select setting",
+        "selectedValue": "Selected Value:",
+        "usersSelected": "user(s) selected",
+        "setting:": "Setting:",
+        "newValue": "New Value:",
+        "users:": "Users:",
+        "noteBody1": "This will update the selected per-user setting for all chosen users. It does not change the global default setting.",
+        "setting": "Setting",
+        "selectedUsers": "Selected Users",
+        "updateFailed": "Update failed",
+        "selectSettingAndUser": "Please select a setting and at least one user.",
+        "settingsUpdated": "Settings updated",
+        "updatedMessage": "Updated \"{key}\" for {count} user(s).",
+        "mainSettings": "Main settings of the application",
+        "sensitiveDataNote": "Note: Make sure that no sensitive data are present!",
+        "toolbarNote": "Note: When the toolbar is disabled, all the tools will be hidden!",
+        "nlpSupport": "Activate/Deactivate NLP support",
+        "changeUserSettings": "Change User Settings",
+        "exportJson": "Export JSON",
+        "importJson": "Import JSON",
+        "saveSettings": "Save Settings",
+        "saveSettingsUnsaved": "Save Settings (Unsaved changes)",
+        "rememberToSaveBefore": "Remember to click",
+        "rememberToSaveAfter": "after making changes.",
+        "importSettings": "Import Settings",
+        "importDescription": "Select a previous downloaded settings file. Only existing keys will be updated.",
+        "messages": {
+        "unsavedChangesWarning": "You have unsaved changes in your settings. Are you sure you want to leave without saving?",
+        "settingsLoaded": "Settings Loaded",
+        "settingsLoadedMessage": "Settings have been successfully loaded.",
+        "settingsImported": "Settings imported",
+        "updatedSettings": "Updated {count} existing setting(s)."
+        }
+    },
+    "study": {
+        "addSingleAssignment": "Add Single Assignment",
+        "addReviewer": "Add Reviewer",
+        "addReviewers": "Add Reviewers",
+        "reviewersAdded": "Reviewers added",
+        "reviewersAddedMessage": "The reviewers have been added successfully",
+        "failedToAddReviewers": "Failed to add reviewers",
+        "createBulkAssignment": "Create bulk assignment",
+        "noStudyTemplatesAvailable": "There are no study templates available!",
+        "createTemplateToProceed": "Please create a study template to proceed!",
+        "workflowSteps": "Workflow Steps:",
+        "workflowStepWithIndex": "Workflow Step {index}:",
+        "assignmentBase": "Assignment should be based on:",
+        "annotator": "Annotator",
+        "editor": "Editor",
+        "filterUsersWithDocuments": "Filter only users with documents",
+        "filterUsersFromPreviousDocuments": "Filter only users from previous selected documents",
+        "defineTheNumberOfReviews": "Define the number of reviews that each user of the role should perform:",
+        "noRolesAvailable": "There are no roles available!",
+        "selectReviewersOrChangeMode": "Please select reviewers with roles or change selection mode!",
+        "discontributeDocuments": "Distribute the documents between the selected reviewers:",
+        "remainingAssignments": "Remaining Assignments:",
+        "selectMode": "Please select a reviewer selection mode",
+        "createAssignmentConfirmPrompt": "Are you sure you want to create the assignment with the following details?",
+        "warning": "Warning:",
+        "notReviewOwnDocument": "The assignment process will make sure that a reviewer not reviews their own document.",
+        "warning1": "This could lead to a failure in the assignment process,",
+        "warning2": "so make sure that the values are set correct for a successful assignment.",
+        "template": "Template:",
+        "workflow": "Workflow:",
+        "documents": "Documents:",
+        "reviewers": "Reviewers:",
+        "reviewsToCreate": "Reviews to create:",
+        "selectionMode": "Selection Mode:",
+        "roles": "Roles:",
+        "submissionWithId": "Submission {id}",
+        "templateSelection": "Template Selection",
+        "documentSelection": "Document Selection",
+        "reviewerSelection": "Reviewer Selection",
+        "distribution": "Distribution",
+        "reviewerSelectionMode": "Reviewer Selection Mode",
+        "roleBasedSelection": "Role-based selection (the number of documents that should be reviewed by each user of the selected roles)",
+        "reviewerBasedSelection": "Reviewer-based selection (distribute document between the selected reviewers)",
+        "nameOfReviewsForRole": "Number of reviews for role: ",
+        "nameofReviewsForUsers": "Number of reviews for user: ",
+        "reviews": "review(s)",
+        "assignmentCreated": "Assignment created",
+        "assignmentCreatedMessage": "The assignment has been created successfully",
+        "failedToCreateAssignment": "Failed to create assignment",
+        "bulkCloseStudies": "Bulk Close Studies",
+        "closeStudiesPrompt": "Are you sure you want to close all open studies?",
+        "allStudiesClosed": "All studies closed",
+        "closeAllStudies": "Close All Studies",
+        "allStudiesClosedMessage": "All open studies have been closed",
+        "failedToClose": "Failed to close all studies",
+        "createTemplate": "Create Template",
+        "deleteTemplate": "Delete Template",
+        "deleteTemplatePrompt": "Are you sure you want to delete this template?",
+        "studyTemplateDeleted": "Study template deleted",
+        "studyTemplateDeletedMessage": "The study template has been deleted",
+        "deletionFailed": "Study template deletion failed",
+        "assignmentType": "Assignment Type:",
+        "workflowAssignments": "Workflow Assignments:",
+        "createAssignment": "Create Assignment",
+        "assignmentSelection": "Assignment Selection",
+        "studySessionsOf": "Study Sessions of",
+        "openSession": "Open session",
+        "inspectSession": "Inspect session",
+        "copySession": "Copy session",
+        "copySessionLink": "Copy session link",
+        "deleteSession": "Delete session",
+        "notYet": "not yet",
+        "deleteSessionNote": "You are about to delete a session; if you just want to finish the session, please access the session and abort the delete.",
+        "studySessionDeleted": "Study Session deleted",
+        "studySessionHasBeenDeleted": "Study session has been deleted",
+        "studySessionNotDeleted": "Study Session not deleted",
+        "studySessionCopiedMessage": "Study session link copied to clipboard!",
+        "sendEmailNotificationToReviewer": "Send email notification to reviewer",
+        "targetWorkflowSelection": "Target Workflow Selection",
+        "selectTargetWorkflow": "Select Target Workflow:",
+        "workflowStepMapping": "Workflow Step Mapping",
+        "mapWorkflowStepToTarget": "Map each source workflow step (from template) to a target workflow step:",
+        "sourceStepTargetStep": "Source Step {index} ({stepType}) → Target Step:",
+        "newStudyOwner": "New Study Owner",
+        "userOfStudySession": "User of the study session",
+        "ownerOfStudy": "Owner of the study",
+        "sessionUserSelectionWarning": "In session user-based selection mode, each selected reviewer must have a corresponding study session.",
+        "reviewersWithoutMatchingStudySessions": "The following reviewers do not have matching study sessions:",
+        "allReviewersHaveMatchingStudySessions": "All selected reviewers have matching study sessions.",
+        "unknownUser": "Unknown User",
+        "running": "Running",
+        "finished": "Finished",
+        "sessionUserName": "Session User Name",
+        "studyOwnerUserName": "Study Owner User Name",
+        "workflowType": "Workflow Type",
+        "submissionGroup": "Submission Group",
+        "studySessions": "Study Sessions",
+        "noEmailWillBeSent": "None (no email will be sent)",
+        "sessionUserBasedSelection": "Session user-based selection (assign each study session to its original user)",
+        "workflowStepOption": "<Workflow> Step {index} ({type})",
+        "revisedDocument": "<Document> Revised Document",
+        "workflowMapping": "Workflow Mapping",
+        "studySessionSelection": "Study Session Selection",
+        "sendEmailToParticipants": "Send email notification to participants with open sessions",
+        "targetWorkflow": "Target Workflow",
+        "selectedStudySession": "Selected Study Session",
+        "sessionWithId": "Session {id}",
+        "stepType": "Step Type",
+        "stepOption": "Step {index}: {type}"
+    },
+    "users": {
+        "manageRightsFor": "Manage rights for",
+        "role": "role",
+        "selectRightsNote": "Select the rights for this role. Note: All users have basic {user} rights by default.",
+        "userWithQuotes": "\"user\"",
+        "selectRole": "Select Role",
+        "manageRights": "Manage Rights",
+        "rightName": "Right Name",
+        "description": "Description",
+        "chooseARole": "Choose a role to assign to the user.",
+        "roleRightsUpdated": "Role Rights Updated",
+        "roleRightsUpdatedMessage": "Role rights have been successfully updated",
+        "userNameLabel": "Username:",
+        "firstNameLabel": "First Name:",
+        "lastNameLabel": "Last Name:",
+        "emailLabel": "Email:",
+        "updatedAt": "Updated At",
+        "deletedAt": "Deleted At",
+        "userUpdated": "User updated",
+        "userUpdatedMessage": "Successfully updated user!",
+        "bulkImportUsers": "Bulk Import Users",
+        "dragAndDropCSV": "Drag and drop CSV file here",
+        "orClickToUpload": "or click to upload",
+        "csvTemplateHint": "Please check the format or {0} here.",
+        "downloadTemplate": "download the template",
+        "bulkImportConfirm": "Are you sure you want to bulk create {newCount} users {br} and overwrite {dupCount} users?",
+        "resultSummary": "Successfully created {newCount} users and overwrote {updatedCount} users",
+        "failedListTitle": "Failed to create the following users:",
+        "userCannotBeAdded": "User with external Id {extId} cannot be added: {message}",
+        "uploadToMoodle": "Upload to Moodle",
+        "downloadResultCsv": "Download Result CSV",
+        "moodle": "Moodle",
+        "preview": "Preview",
+        "result": "Result",
+        "uploadingCompleted": "Uploading completed",
+        "uploadingCompletedMessage": "Please go to Moodle to check out your username and password!",
+        "validationCompleted": "Validation completed",
+        "validationCompletedMessage": "CSV is valid!",
+        "pleaseUploadCsv": "Please upload a CSV file",
+        "clearFile": "Clear file",
+        "viewUserRight": "View User Right",
+        "userHasNoAssignedRights": "This user has no assigned rights",
+        "userRole": "User Role",
+        "userRight": "User Right",
+        "okay": "okay",
+        "adminHasFullRights": "admin has full rights",
+        "roleNoAssociatedRights": "this role does not have associated rights yet",
+        "csvErrorHint": "Your CSV file contains the following errors. Please fix them and reupload the file.",
+        "placeholders": {
+            "provideFirstName": "please provide the first name",
+            "provideLastName": "please provide the last name",
+            "provideUsername": "please provide the username - no special characters",
+            "passwordMinLength": "password should be at least 8 characters long",
+            "emailExample": "email{'@'}example.com"
+        },
+        "passwordLabel": "Password:",
+        "userCreationCompleted": "User Creation Completed",
+        "userCreationCompletedMessage": "The user creation was successful"
+    },
+    "submission": {
+        "assignGroup": {
+            "title": "Assign Group",
+            "applyPercentage": "Apply percentage of current selection (randomly chosen):",
+            "applyButton": "Apply",
+            "targetCount": "{percentage}% → {target} of {total}",
+            "stepOne": "Select Submissions",
+            "stepTwo": "Group Settings",
+            "stepThree": "Review & Confirm",
+            "groupNumber": "Group Number",
+            "groupNumberPlaceholder": "Enter group number",
+            "additionalSettings": "Additional Settings",
+            "additionalSettingsPlaceholder": "Enter any additional settings",
+            "copySubmissions": "Copy Submissions",
+            "createCopyiesOfSubmissionsLabel": "Create copies of the selected submissions with the specified group number.",
+            "summaryTitle": "Assignment Summary",
+            "numberOfSubmissions": "Number of Submissions:",
+            "groupNumberLabel": "Group Number:",
+            "additionalSettingsLabel": "Additional Settings:",
+            "copySubmissionsLabel": "Copy Submissions:",
+            "reviewNote": "Please review the information above before submitting.",
+            "successTitle": "Group Assigned",
+            "successMessage": "Successfully assigned {count} submission(s) to group {group}",
+            "failureTitle": "Failed to assign group",
+            "columns": {
+                "additionalSettings": "Additional Settings",
+                "dataExisting": "Data Existing"
+            },
+            "filters": {
+                "noGroupId": "No GroupID"
+            }
+        }
+    },
+    "importModal": {
+        "title": "Import Moodle Submissions",
+        "stepMoodle": "Moodle",
+        "stepPreview": "Preview",
+        "stepConfigure": "Configure",
+        "stepConfirm": "Confirm",
+        "stepResult": "Result",
+        "assignGroup": "Assign Group",
+        "groupNumber": "Group Number",
+        "groupNumberPlaceholder": "Enter group number",
+        "confirmImport": "Confirm Import Settings",
+        "importSummary": "Import Summary",
+        "submissionsToImport": "Submissions to import:",
+        "groupNumberLabel": "Group Number:",
+        "validationSchema": "Validation schema:",
+        "noneSelected": "None selected",
+        "totalSubmissions": "Total submissions:",
+        "requiredFiles": "Required files:",
+        "validationDetails": "Validation Details:",
+        "validationWillCheck": "This will validate ZIP file contents according to the \"{name}\" schema. Submissions must contain all required files: {files}.",
+        "noValidationSelected": "No validation schema selected. Submissions will be imported without validation.",
+        "areYouSure": "Are you sure you want to import {count} {message}?",
+        "submissionSingular": "submission",
+        "submissionPlural": "submissions",
+        "successfullyImported": "Successfully imported {count} submissions",
+        "failedToImport": "Failed to import the following submissions:",
+        "userCannotBeImported": "User with the User ID {userId} cannot be imported: {message}",
+        "downloadErrorCSV": "Download Error CSV",
+        "failedGetSubmissions": "Failed to get student submissions from Moodle",
+        "failedImportSubmissions": "Failed to import submission from Moodle",
+        "columns": {
+            "duplicate": "Duplicate",
+            "externalId": "External ID",
+            "userId": "User ID",
+            "firstName": "First Name",
+            "lastName": "Last Name",
+            "fileCount": "File Count"
+        },
+        "filters": {
+            "new": "New",
+            "duplicate": "Duplicate"
+        }
+    },
+    "publishModal": {
+        "titleReviews": "Publish Reviews",
+        "titleSubmissions": "Publish Submissions",
+        "stepDocumentSelection": "Document Selection",
+        "stepSubmissionSelection": "Submission Selection",
+        "stepSessionSelection": "Session Selection",
+        "stepConfirmation": "Confirmation",
+        "stepPublishingOptions": "Publishing Options",
+        "stepMode": "Mode",
+        "selectReviewMode": "Select Review Mode:",
+        "documentBasedReviews": "Document-based Reviews",
+        "documentBasedReviewsDescription": "Publish review links based on individual documents",
+        "submissionBasedReviews": "Submission-based Reviews",
+        "submissionBasedReviewsDescription": "Publish review links based on submissions (multiple documents per submission)",
+        "textFormat": "Text Format:",
+        "placeholderSessionLinks": "The placeholder ~SESSION_LINKS~ will be replaced with the review links.",
+        "placeholderUsername": "The placeholder ~USERNAME~ will be replaced with the CARE username of the document owner.",
+        "linkCollection": "Link Collection:",
+        "basedOnStudies": "based on Studies (session links for each study)",
+        "basedOnSessions": "based on Sessions (links for own sessions)",
+        "links": "Links:",
+        "publishMethod": "Publishing Method:",
+        "downloadCSV": "Download CSV",
+        "chooseDownloadCSV": "Choose \"Download CSV\" to export the generated feedback text for each recipient.",
+        "publishReviewLinks": "Publish study session links",
+        "csvSuccessfullyGenerated": "CSV successfully generated and exported",
+        "reviewsPublished": "Reviews published",
+        "reviewLinksPublished": "The review links have been successfully published!",
+        "failedPublishReviews": "Failed to publish reviews",
+        "columns": {
+            "extId": "extId",
+            "submissionId": "Submission ID",
+            "group": "Group",
+            "firstName": "First Name",
+            "lastName": "Last Name",
+            "studies": "Studies",
+            "sessions": "Sessions",
+            "documentTitle": "Document Title",
+            "studyName": "Study Name"
+        }
+    },
+    "uploadModal": {
+        "title": "Upload Submission",
+        "stepSelectUser": "Select User",
+        "stepSelectConfig": "Select Config",
+        "stepUploadFile": "Upload File",
+        "assignGroup": "Assign Group",
+        "groupNumber": "Group Number",
+        "groupNumberPlaceholder": "Enter group number",
+        "invalidFiles": "Invalid file(s)",
+        "pleaseUploadFiles": "Please upload all required files.",
+        "uploadedFile": "Uploaded file",
+        "fileSuccessfullyUploaded": "File successfully uploaded!",
+        "failedUploadFile": "Failed to upload the file",
+        "columns": {
+            "id": "ID",
+            "extId": "extId",
+            "firstName": "First Name",
+            "lastName": "Last Name",
+            "userName": "Username"
+        },
+        "fileLabel": "{format} File:"
+    },
+    "systemRoles": {
+        "regular": "regular",
+        "maintainer": "maintainer",
+        "admin": "admin",
+        "system": "system",
+
+        "descriptions": {
+            "regular": "no system rights",
+            "maintainer": "manage users",
+            "admin": "full control",
+            "system": "system user"
+        }
+    },
+    "documents": {
+        "fields": {
+            "selectDoc": "Select Document",
+            "newEmptyDoc": "New Empty Document"
+        }
+    },
+    "assessment": {
+        "title": "Assessment"
+    },
+    "errors": {
+        "permission": {
+            "accessError": "Access Error!"
+        },
+        "studies": {
+            "sessionNotFinished": "Study Session not finished",
+            "stepUpdateFailed": "Study Step update failed"
+        }
+    },
+    "sessionOverview": {
+        "title": "Study Sessions Overview",
+        "showOnlyOpenStudies": "Show only open studies",
+        "filterWorkflowType": "Filter Workflow type:",
+        "allWorkflows": "All Workflows",
+        "step": "Step {number}",
+        "columns": {
+        "studyName": "Study Name",
+        "maxStep": "Max Step",
+        "numberOfSteps": "Number of Steps"
+        }
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/utils/modules/i18n/en/documents.json b/utils/modules/i18n/en/documents.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dfb4beac5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/utils/modules/i18n/en/documents.json
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+{
+  "title": "Documents",
+  "preparingPdf": "Preparing your PDF...",
+  "templateOptional": "Template (optional):",
+  "noTemplateCreateEmpty": "None (create empty document)",
+  "templatePrefillHint": "Select a template to pre-fill the document content (Type 4: Document - General)",
+  "document": "Document",
+  "documentDefaultName": "document",
+  "addDocument": "Add document",
+  "uploadDocument": "Upload document",
+  "uploadNewDocument": "Upload new document",
+  "uploadConfiguration": "Upload new configuration file",
+  "createDocument": "Create document",
+  "createNewDocument": "Create new document",
+  "renameDocument": "Rename document...",
+  "deleteDocument": "Delete document...",
+  "accessDocument": "Access document...",
+  "publishDocument": "Publish document...",
+  "downloadPdfWithAnnotations": "Download PDF with annotations",
+  "exportDelta": "Export delta to a local file",
+  "exportHtml": "Export HTML to a local file",
+  "openStudyCoordinator": "Open study coordinator...",
+  "importAnnotations": "Import annotations",
+  "typeOfDocument": "Type of document",
+  "chooseDocumentType": "Choose document type...",
+  "nameOfDocument": "Name of the document",
+  "yesPublish": "Yes, publish it!",
+  "types": {
+    "pdf": "PDF",
+    "html": "HTML",
+    "modal": "MODAL",
+    "generalHtml": "General HTML Document",
+    "studyModal": "Study Modal Document (only usable in studies)"
+  },
+  "fields": {
+    "name": {
+      "label": "Name of the document:",
+      "placeholder": "My document"
+    },
+    "hash": {
+      "label": "Hash ID of the document"
+    },
+    "userId": {
+      "label": "User ID of the document"
+    },
+    "publicSwitch": "Is the document published?"
+  },
+  "messages": {
+    "deleteConfirm": "Are you sure you want to delete the document?",
+    "deleteTitle": "Delete Document",
+    "studyWarning": "There are currently {count} studies running on this document. Deleting it will delete the studies!",
+    "documentPublished": "Document successfully published!",
+    "documentAvailableAt": "The document is available under the following link:",
+    "publishConfirm": "Do you really want to publish the document?",
+    "cannotBeUndone": "This can not be undone!",
+    "documentPublishedTitle": "Document published",
+    "publishedSuccess": "Successfully published document!",
+    "linkCopiedMessage": "Link copied to clipboard!",
+    "documentEdited": "The document has been successfully edited.",
+    "documentEditedTitle": "Document edited",
+    "documentEditedMessage": "Successfully edited document!",
+    "configurationUploaded": "Configuration uploaded",
+    "fileUploaded": "File has been uploaded successfully.",
+    "annotationsAdded": "{count} annotations were added.",
+    "annotationImportPartialFailure": "The document was uploaded, but automatic annotation extraction failed. You can still use the document, but some annotations may be missing.",
+    "issuesOccurred": "Some issues occurred",
+    "uploadedWithWarnings": "Uploaded with warnings",
+    "uploadedFile": "Uploaded file",
+    "documentCreated": "Document created successfully.",
+    "documentNotFoundTitle": "Document not found",
+    "documentErrorTitle": "Document Error"
+  },
+  "downloadPdf": {
+    "title": "Download PDF",
+    "includeAnnotations": "Include annotations in PDF",
+    "preparing": "Preparing your PDF...",
+    "toasts": {
+      "successTitle": "PDF downloaded successfully",
+      "successMessage": "Your PDF has been downloaded.",
+      "successMessageWithAnnotations": "Your PDF with annotations has been downloaded.",
+      "failedTitle": "Failed to download the PDF",
+      "unknownError": "Unknown error"
+    }
+  }
+}
+
diff --git a/utils/modules/i18n/en/editor.json b/utils/modules/i18n/en/editor.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..31950ff3d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/utils/modules/i18n/en/editor.json
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+{
+    "reqTitle": "Send a request",
+    "cmdTitle": "Send a command",
+    "cmdToSend": "the command to send",
+    "serviceToContact": "the service to contact",
+    "waitingForResponse": "Waiting for response",
+    "payload": "Payload",
+    "placeholders": "Placeholders",
+    "emptyMsgHistory": "No messages sent/received.",
+    "messages": {
+        "msgNotReceived": "Received no message from server within 5s."
+    },
+    "readOnlyMode": "Read-Only Mode",
+    "seePayload": "See Payload",
+    "request": "Request",
+    "copyJsonSuccess": {
+        "title": "JSON copied",
+        "message": "JSON copied to clipboard!"
+    },
+    "editJson": "Edit JSON",
+    "unsavedWarning": {
+        "unsavedChanges": "Unsaved Changes",
+        "unsavedChangesMessage": "Are you sure you want to leave? There are unsaved changes, which will be lost."
+    },
+    "history": "History",
+    "configurator": "Configurator",
+    "readOnly": "Read-only",
+    "downloadDocument": "Download document",
+    "annotator": {
+        "annotations": "Annotations",
+        "submitReview": "Submit Review",
+        "report": "Report",
+        "accept": "Accept",
+        "reject": "Reject",
+        "hideStudyComments": "Hide study comments",
+        "showStudyComments": "Show study comments",
+        "deactivateNlpSupport": "Deactivate NLP support",
+        "activateNlpSupport": "Activate NLP support",
+        "downloadAnnotations": "Download Annotations",
+        "documentSubscribeError": "Document subscribe error",
+        "searchTags": "Search tags",
+        "expandAdder": "Expand Adder"
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/utils/modules/i18n/en/errors.json b/utils/modules/i18n/en/errors.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d8277f364
--- /dev/null
+++ b/utils/modules/i18n/en/errors.json
@@ -0,0 +1,434 @@
+{
+    "auth": {
+        "invalidResetLink": "Invalid reset link. Please request a new password reset.",
+        "invalidResetToken": "Invalid reset token. Please request a new password reset.",
+        "invalidOrExpiredToken": "Invalid or expired reset token.",
+        "accessDeniedData": "You do not have rights to access this data.",
+        "tokenRequired": "Token is required.",
+        "tokenAndPasswordRequired": "Token and new password are required.",
+        "failedToValidateToken": "Failed to validate reset token. Please try again.",
+        "failedToResetPassword": "Failed to reset password. Please try again later.",
+        "passwordResetFailed": "Password Reset Failed",
+        "passwordResetDisabled": "Password reset is disabled.",
+        "passwordResetRateLimited": "Please wait {minutes} minute(s) before requesting another password reset email.",
+        "emailVerificationError": "Email Verification Error",
+        "emailVerificationDisabled": "Email verification is disabled.",
+        "emailAlreadyVerified": "Email address is already verified.",
+        "verificationRateLimited": "Please wait {minutes} minute(s) before requesting another verification email.",
+        "failedToVerifyEmail": "Failed to verify email. Please try again later.",
+        "failedToSendResetEmail": "Failed to send password reset email.",
+        "failedToSendVerificationEmail": "Failed to send verification email. Please try again later.",
+        "failedToLogin": "Login failed.",
+        "failedToEstablishLoginSession": "Failed to establish login session.",
+        "authenticationRequired": "Authentication required.",
+        "emailNotVerified": "Please verify your email address before logging in.",
+        "failedToCreateUser": "Failed to create user.",
+        "emailAlreadyTaken": "Email is already in use.",
+        "usernameTaken": "Username already taken.",
+        "userNotFoundByEmail": "User with this email does not exist.",
+        "invalidCredentials": "Invalid User Credentials",
+        "termsUpdateError": "Consent Update Error",
+        "consentUpdateError": "Error in updating consent",
+        "twoFactorSessionSaveFailed": "Could not start 2FA due to a session issue. Please try logging in again.",
+        "unsupported2FAMethod": "This account uses an unsupported 2FA method. Please contact an administrator.",
+        "orcidLoginDisabled": "ORCID login is currently disabled.",
+        "orcidLoginNotReady": "ORCID login is enabled but not fully configured.",
+        "orcidLoginFailed": "ORCID login failed. Please try again.",
+        "samlLoginDisabled": "SAML login is currently disabled.",
+        "samlLoginNotReady": "SAML login is enabled but not fully configured.",
+        "samlLoginFailed": "SAML login failed. Please try again.",
+        "loginFailed": "Login failed. Please try again.",
+        "invalidInstitutionalCredentials": "Invalid institutional credentials. Please try again.",
+        "ldapLoginDisabled": "LDAP login is disabled by the administrator.",
+        "ldapLoginNotReady": "LDAP login is enabled but not fully configured. Please contact an administrator.",
+        "ldapLoginFailed": "LDAP login failed. Please try again."
+    },
+    "permission": {
+        "accessError": "Access Error",
+        "accessDenied": "Access denied.",
+        "noPermission": "You do not have permission to perform this action.",
+        "noUploadAccess": "You do not have permission to upload documents.",
+        "noUserAccess": "You do not have permission to access this user's data.",
+        "noRoleAccess": "You do not have the required role to perform this action.",
+        "noAnnotationChangePermission": "You have no permission to change this annotation",
+        "cannotUpdateOtherUserTable": "You are not allowed to update the table {dataTable} for another user!",
+        "noDataAccess": "You don't have rights to access this data",
+        "noPermissionToAccesData": "You don't have permission to access this data",
+        "noCommentEditPermission": "You are not allowed to edit this comment.",
+        "noCommentPermission": "You are not allowed to add a comment.",
+        "noCommentAccess": "You don't have access to this comment",
+        "noPreprocessSubmissionPermission": "You do not have permission to preprocess submissions"
+    },
+    "configuration": {
+        "idRequired": "Configuration ID is required.",
+        "idRequiredNoPeriod": "Configuration ID is required",
+        "contentRequired": "Configuration content is required.",
+        "contentRequiredNoPeriod": "Configuration content is required",
+        "notFound": "Configuration not found.",
+        "accessDenied": "Access denied",
+        "createForOtherUsersDenied": "You do not have permission to create configurations for other users."
+    },
+    "validation": {
+        "fillAllFields": "Please fill in all fields correctly.",
+        "ensurePasswordRequirements": "Please ensure passwords meet the requirements.",
+        "validationError": "Validation Error",
+        "validationErrorWithMessage": "Validation error: {message}",
+        "validationFailed": "Validation failed: {message}",
+        "validationFailedGeneric": "Validation failed",
+        "required": "This field is required",
+        "requiredFieldMissing": "Required field missing: {fieldKey}",
+        "tableNameRequired": "Table name is required",
+        "fileDownloadFailed": "Failed to download file {fileName}: {message}",
+        "schemaNotFound": "Validation schema not found: {configurationId}",
+        "additionalFilesNotAllowed": "Additional files not allowed. Found: {files}",
+        "requiredFileMissing": "Required file missing: {file}",
+        "cannotOpenZip": "Cannot open ZIP file {fileName}: {message}",
+        "requiredFileMissingInZip": "Required file missing in ZIP {zipFileName}: {file}",
+        "tooManyMatchesInZip": "Too many matches for {file} in ZIP {zipFileName}: found {found}, max {max}",
+        "filesMustBeLocatedInZipRoot": "Files must be located either at the ZIP root or within a single top-level directory in {zipFileName}. Found file in a nested subdirectory: {entry}",
+        "disallowedFileFoundInZip": "Disallowed file found in ZIP {zipFileName}: {entry}. Allowed additional file types: {types}",
+        "zipReadError": "Error reading ZIP file {fileName}: {message}",
+        "invalidJson": "Invalid JSON: {error}",
+        "auth": {
+            "provideUsername": "Please provide a valid username.",
+            "providePassword": "Please provide a valid password of at least 8 characters.",
+            "provideEmail": "Please provide a valid email address.",
+            "provideFirstName": "Please provide your first name.",
+            "provideLastName": "Please provide your last name.",
+            "usernameNoSpecialChars": "Please provide a valid username - no special characters.",
+            "passwordMinLength": "Password must be at least 8 characters long.",
+            "passwordMinLengthNoLong": "Password must be at least 8 characters.",
+            "passwordWhitespaceOnly": "Password cannot be only spaces or whitespace.",
+            "passwordControlChars": "Password cannot contain control or non-printable characters.",
+            "passwordUnsupportedCharacters": "Password cannot contain emojis or special symbols. Use letters, numbers, and standard punctuation.",
+            "acceptTermsRequired": "Please accept the terms.",
+            "passwordsDoNotMatch": "Passwords do not match.",
+            "provideInstitutionalUsername": "Please enter your institutional username.",
+            "provideInstitutionalPassword": "Please enter your institutional password.",
+            "passwordRequirements": "Password must be at least 8 characters. Use letters, numbers, and standard punctuation; no spaces-only or emojis.",
+            "passwordInvalidChars": "Password cannot contain only spaces, control characters, or emojis. Use letters, numbers, and standard punctuation."
+        },
+        "documents": {
+            "selectValidType": "Please select a valid document type.",
+            "noName": "No name provided",
+            "enterName": "Please enter a name for the document."
+        }
+    },
+    "file": {
+        "noFileUploaded": "No file uploaded",
+        "invalidFileType": "Invalid file type",
+        "onlyJsonAllowed": "Only JSON files are allowed.",
+        "onlyPdfDeltaAllowed": "Only PDF and delta files are allowed.",
+        "invalidJson": "Invalid JSON format",
+        "jsonMustBeObject": "The JSON must be an object of key/value pairs.",
+        "noFileSelected": "No file selected",
+        "selectJsonFile": "Please select a JSON file to import.",
+        "noTableAvailable": "No {tableType} available for selection.",
+        "noParameters": "No file selection parameters found. All parameters are using configuration-based inputs.",
+        "pdfNotFound": "PDF file not found",
+        "tableNameRequired": "Table name is required",
+        "copyJsonError": {
+            "title": "Json not copied",
+            "notCopiedMsg": "Could not copy json to clipboard!",
+            "notLoadedMsg": "Json not loaded or empty, cannot copy."
+        },
+        "pdfLoadingError": {
+            "title": "PDF Loading Error",
+            "message": "Error during loading of the PDF file. Make sure the file is not corrupted and in valid PDF format."
+        }
+    },
+    "clipboard": {
+        "linkNotCopied": "Link not copied",
+        "copyFailed": "Could not copy link to clipboard!",
+        "retrieveFailed": "Failed to retrieve URL. Try again later.",
+        "configNotCopied": "Config not copied",
+        "skillConfigCopyFailed": "Could not copy skill configuration to clipboard!",
+        "couldNotCopyStudySession": "Could not copy study session link to clipboard!"
+    },
+    "documents": {
+        "deleteFailed": "Document delete failed",
+        "documentNotPublished": "Document not published",
+        "documentEditFailed": "Document edit failed",
+        "failedToUploadConfiguration": "Failed to upload configuration",
+        "failedToUpload": "Failed to upload",
+        "failedToProcessPdf": "Failed to process PDF",
+        "errorProcessingPdf": "Error processing PDF",
+        "failedToLoadDocContent": "Failed to load the document content.",
+        "documentOpenError": "Document Open Error",
+        "documentCloseError": "Document Close Error",
+        "documentError": "Document Error",
+        "uploadingFailed": "Uploading failed",
+        "noDocumentSelected": "You need to select a document.",
+        "notFound": "Document not found.",
+        "withIdNotFound": "Document with id {documentId} not found",
+        "byIdNotFound": "Document {documentId} not found",
+        "unsupportedDocumentTypeOperation": "This operation is only supported for HTML/MODAL documents.",
+        "processingError": "Error processing document {documentId}: {message}",
+        "fileNotFound": "File not found for document {documentId}: {filePath}",
+        "readError": "Error reading document file {documentId}: {message}",
+        "doesNotExistOrDeleted": "The document does not exist or has been deleted.",
+        "noAccess": "You do not have access to this document.",
+        "fileMissingFromServer": "The document file {filename} is missing from the server.",
+        "noUploadAccess": "User does not have access to upload documents",
+        "updateNotAllowed": "You are not allowed to update this document",
+        "nonHtmlModalUnsupported": "Non-HTML/Modal documents are not supported for this operation",
+        "nonHtmlModalUnsupportedUppercase": "Non-HTML/MODAL documents are not supported for this operation",
+        "idRequired": "Document ID is required.",
+        "fileNotFoundByName": "File {fileName} not found",
+        "noReviewLinkUploadPermission": "You do not have permission to upload review links",
+        "replaceAssignmentClosed": "Cannot replace submission because the assignment is closed.",
+        "replaceNotAllowed": "You are not allowed to replace this submission.",
+        "replaceDocumentsUsedInStudies": "Cannot replace submission because one or more linked documents are used in studies.",
+        "annotationDeleteOriginalFailed": "Error deleting annotations: Couldn't delete original annotations",
+        "annotationDeleteFailed": "Error deleting annotations: {message}",
+        "annotationDeleteFailedGeneric": "Error deleting annotations.",
+        "exactTextNotFound": "Exact text \"{text}\" not found in document text",
+        "textPositionExtractionFailed": "Error extracting text positions for text \"{text}\".",
+        "annotationAddFailed": "Error adding annotation.",
+        "automaticAnnotationExtractionFailed": "The document was uploaded, but automatic annotation extraction failed. You can still use the document, but annotations may be missing.",
+        "notEnoughDocumentsForRole": "Not enough documents to review for role {roleName}. Please add more documents.",
+        "notEnoughDocumentsForReviewer": "Not enough documents to review for {reviewerName}. Please add more documents."
+    },
+    "editor": {
+        "cursorPositionError": {
+            "title": "No Cursor Position",
+            "message": "Please click in the editor to set the cursor position before inserting a placeholder."
+        },
+        "previousEditFailed": "Previous edit failed; try again",
+        "editHistoryRetrievalFailed": "Failed retrieving edit history"
+    },
+    "studies": {
+        "studyCannotStart": "Study cannot be started!",
+        "studyClosingFailed": "Study closing failed",
+        "studyDeleteFailed": "Study delete failed",
+        "studyRestartFailed": "Study restart failed",
+        "templateSaveFailed": "Template Save Failed",
+        "templateCreationFailed": "Template Creation Failed",
+        "sessionNotFinished": "Session Not Finished",
+        "stepUpdateFailed": "Step Update Failed",
+        "studyClosed": "This study is closed",
+        "studyEnded": "This study has ended",
+        "studyNotFound": "Study not found",
+        "studyNotStarted": "This study has not started yet",
+        "sessionLimitExceeded": "Cannot create more than {limit} sessions for this study.",
+        "sessionLimitPerUserExceeded": "Cannot create more than {limit} sessions for this user.",
+        "missingContextOrStepDocuments": "Missing context or stepDocuments in options. Cancelling transaction.",
+        "noPermissionSaveAsTemplate": "No permission to save study as template",
+        "studyIdRequired": "studyId is required",
+        "studyAlreadyClosed": "Study is already closed",
+        "notAllowedToSeeStudy": "You are not allowed to see this study",
+        "errorTitle": "Error",
+        "studySession": {
+            "notFound": "Study session not found",
+            "idRequired": "studySessionId is required",
+            "alreadyFinished": "Study session has already been finished",
+            "cannotFinishClosedStudy": "Cannot finish session: The study has been closed. Sessions are automatically terminated when a study is closed."
+        },
+        "studyStep": {
+            "notFound": "No first step found for this study",
+            "referencedStepNotFound": "Referenced study step not found for workflow step {originalEntryId}",
+            "referencedDocumentNotFound": "Referenced document not found for study step {referencedStudyStepId}",
+            "documentNotFound": "Document not found: document ID {dataDocumentId} is missing for step {dataWorkflowStepId}",
+            "documentNotFoundExact": "Document not found: documentId {dataDocumentId} is missing for step {dataWorkflowStepId}",
+            "documentTypeMismatch": "Document type mismatch: step {dataWorkflowStepId} expects an Editor document (type 1), but found type {documentType}."
+        }
+    },
+    "templates": {
+        "missingCreateFields": "Missing required fields: name, description, type, content",
+        "adminOnlyEmailTemplateCreate": "Access denied: Only administrators can create email templates",
+        "templateIdRequired": "Template ID is required",
+        "modelsObjectRequired": "Models object is required",
+        "languageRequired": "Language is required",
+        "notFound": "Template not found",
+        "viewOwnOrPublicOnly": "You can only view templates that you own or public templates from others",
+        "deltaOperationsRequired": "Delta operations are required",
+        "editOwnContentOnly": "You can only edit content of templates that you own",
+        "copiedCannotBeEdited": "Copied templates cannot be edited",
+        "accessDenied": "Access denied",
+        "typeRequired": "Template type is required and must be 1-6",
+        "missingPlaceholderFields": "Missing required fields: placeholderKey, placeholderLabel, placeholderType",
+        "placeholderIdRequired": "Placeholder ID is required",
+        "noFieldsToUpdate": "No fields to update",
+        "viewPlaceholdersOwnOrPublicOnly": "Access denied: You can only view placeholders for templates that you own or public templates from others",
+        "addLanguageOwnOnly": "You can only add language content to templates that you own",
+        "contextObjectRequired": "Context object is required",
+        "missingRequiredPlaceholders": "This email template must include the required placeholder(s): {tokens}. Add them from the toolbar before saving.",
+        "missingRequiredPlaceholdersPublishing": "This email template must include the required placeholder(s): {tokens}. Add them from the toolbar before publishing.",
+        "missingRequiredPlaceholdersAssigning": "This email template must include the required placeholder(s): {tokens}. Add them from the toolbar before assigning.",
+        "missingRequiredPlaceholdersInLanguagePublishing": "This email template must include the required placeholder(s): {tokens} in {language} before publishing. Add them from the toolbar in the template editor.",
+        "missingRequiredPlaceholdersInLanguageAssigning": "This email template must include the required placeholder(s): {tokens} in {language} before assigning. Add them from the toolbar in the template editor.",
+        "detachOwnCopiesOnly": "You can only detach your own copies",
+        "notACopy": "Template is not a copy",
+        "sourceTemplateIdRequired": "Source template ID is required",
+        "adminOnlyEmailTemplateCopy": "Access denied: Only administrators can copy email templates",
+        "updateOwnCopiesOnly": "You can only update your own copies",
+        "deleteOwnOnly": "You can only delete templates that you own",
+        "publicEmailCannotDelete": "Public email templates cannot be deleted",
+        "assignedEmailTemplate": "Template is currently assigned as an email template ({settingNames}). Please unassign it in Settings before deleting.",
+        "withIdNotFound": "Template with id {sourceTemplateId} not found",
+        "withUpperIdNotFound": "Template with ID {templateId} not found",
+        "onlyPublicCanBeCopied": "Only public templates can be copied",
+        "cannotCopyOwn": "Cannot copy your own template",
+        "alreadyCopied": "You have already copied this template",
+        "notCopyOrDoesNotExist": "Template is not a copy or does not exist",
+        "sourceNoLongerAvailable": "Source template is no longer available",
+        "cannotMakeNonPublic": "Cannot make a template non-public once it has been made public",
+        "updateOwnOnly": "You can only update templates that you own"
+    },
+    "settings": {
+        "errorLoading": "Error Loading Settings",
+        "errorSaving": "Error Saving Settings",
+        "failedToImport": "Failed to import settings",
+        "noAccessPermission": "You do not have permission to access settings.",
+        "noSavePermission": "You do not have permission to save settings.",
+        "noTestMailPermission": "You do not have permission to send test mail.",
+        "cannotOverrideSystemSetting": "The setting \"{key}\" is a system setting and cannot be changed as a user preference.",
+        "cannotChangeLanguage": "You are not allowed to change the UI language."
+    },
+    "users": {
+        "errorFetchingUsers": "Error fetching users",
+        "userNotDeleted": "User not deleted",
+        "updateFailed": "Failed to update",
+        "failedToGetUsersFromMoodle": "Failed to get users from Moodle",
+        "failedToBulkCreateUsers": "Failed to bulk create users",
+        "failedToCheckDuplicateUsers": "Failed to check duplicate users",
+        "failedToCheckDuplicateUsersMessage": "Please contact CARE staff to resolve the issue",
+        "errorFetchingUserRights": "Error fetching user rights",
+        "userCreationFailed": "User Creation Failed",
+        "userNotFound": "User not found",
+        "failedToUpdateUser": "Failed to update user: User not found",
+        "noUserFoundForRole": "No users found for role {roleName}. Please add users to the role.",
+        "userRightsArgumentMismatch": "User rights and argument mismatch",
+        "noRightToLoadUsersByRole": "This user does not have the right to load users by their role.",
+        "incorrectPassword": "You entered an incorrect Password",
+        "noPermissionGetRoleRights": "no permission to get role rights",
+        "noPermissionGetAllRights": "no permission to get all rights",
+        "noPermissionAssignRoleRights": "no permission to assign role rights",
+        "adminAccessRequired": "Admin access required",
+        "userWithMailNotFound": "User with mail {email} not found",
+        "duplicateEmail": "duplicate email",
+        "bulkCreateValidationFailed": "{message}"
+    },
+    "submission": {
+        "notFound": "Submission with id {submissionId} not found",
+        "notFoundForAssignment": "Submission with id {submissionId} not found for this assignment.",
+        "documentCopyFailed": "Failed to copy document with id {documentId}: {message}",
+        "noValidFiles": "No valid files found for submission {submissionId}",
+        "missingAdminRights": "Cannot cancel preprocessing: missing admin rights",
+        "noActivePreprocessing": "Cannot cancel preprocessing: no active preprocessing",
+        "invalidPreprocessRequest": "Invalid preprocessing request payload.",
+        "noSkillParameterMappings": "No skill parameter mappings provided.",
+        "copyFailed": "Failed to copy submission {submissionId}. Error: {originalMessage}",
+        "copyWithIdFailed": "Failed to copy submission with {submissionId}: {message}",
+        "updateNotAllowed": "You are not allowed to update this submission.",
+        "noGradeUploadPermission": "You do not have permission to upload grades",
+        "notFoundGeneric": "Submission not found.",
+        "deleteAssignmentClosed": "Cannot delete submission because the assignment is closed.",
+        "deleteDocumentsUsedInStudies": "Cannot delete submission because one or more linked documents are used in studies."
+    },
+    "tags": {
+        "tagSetDeleteFailed": "TagSet delete failed",
+        "tagSetPublishFailed": "TagSet publishing failed",
+        "tagSetEmpty": "Tag set is empty",
+        "tagSetEmptyMessage": "You can not select an empty tag set as default.",
+        "tagUpdateFailed": "Tag Update Failed",
+        "emptyTagset": {
+            "title": "Empty Tagset",
+            "message": "No tagset or an empty tagset have been selected. Cannot make annotations."
+        }
+
+    },
+    "annotator": {
+        "commentNotUpdated": "Comment not updated",
+        "annotationUpdateFailed": "Annotation Update Failed",
+        "annotationNotRetrieved": "Annotation not retrieved",
+        "commentsNotRetrieved": "Comments not retrieved",
+        "commentsLoadFailedInternal": "Internal server error. Failed to load comments."
+    },
+    "nlp": {
+        "timeout": "Timeout in request for skill {skill} - Request failed!",
+        "invalidService": "The provided service is invalid. Please consult with the service provider.",
+        "configCopyFailed": "Configuration not loaded or empty, cannot copy.",
+        "downloadFailed": "Download failed",
+        "configDownloadFailed": "Failed to download skill config, as it is not loaded",
+        "msgNotReceived": "Received no message from server within 5s."
+    },
+    "server": {
+        "unexpectedError": "An unexpected error occurred. Please try again.",
+        "unknownError": "Unknown error",
+        "internalServerError": "Internal server error"
+    },
+    "statistics": {
+        "userRightsArgumentMismatch": "User rights and argument mismatch"
+    },
+    "page": {
+        "notFoundTitle": "404 not found",
+        "notFoundMessage": "The page you are looking for does not exist."
+    },
+    "download": {
+        "abortedTitle": "Download aborted",
+        "serverTimeout": "The server did not respond. Please try again later.",
+        "inProgress": "Another download is in progress. Please wait.",
+        "exportAbortedTitle": "Export aborted",
+        "exportFailedTitle": "Export Failed",
+        "exportFailedMessage": "Export failed for {id}."
+    },
+    "element": {
+        "invalidInput": "The input is invalid.",
+        "fieldRequired": "This field is required."
+    },
+    "collaboration": {
+        "collabUpdateFailed": "Collaboration Update Failed",
+        "collabCreationFailed": "Could not start collaboration"
+    },
+    "connectionError": "Connection error! Reconnecting...",
+    "roles": {
+        "loadAvailableRightsFailed": "Failed to load available rights",
+        "loadRoleRightsFailed": "Failed to load role rights",
+        "assignRoleRightsFailed": "Failed to assign role rights"
+    },
+    "csv": {
+        "missingRequiredHeaders": "CSV does not contain all required headers",
+        "emptyValue": "Empty value found for {key} at index {index}",
+        "duplicateId": "Duplicate id found: {extId} at index {index}",
+        "duplicateEmail": "Duplicate email found: {email} at index {index}",
+        "rolesNotCommaSeparated": "Roles not comma-separated for id {id} at index {index}",
+        "invalidEmailFormat": "Invalid email format for id {id} at index {index}: {email}",
+        "parseError": "Error parsing file: {message}"
+    },
+    "rpc": {
+        "serviceNotConnected": "RPC service not connected",
+        "requestFailed": "RPC request {eventName} failed: {message}",
+        "downloadFailed": "Failed to download submissions: {message}",
+        "annotationExtractionFailed": "Failed to extract annotations: {message}",
+        "annotationEmbeddingFailed": "Failed to embed annotations: {message}",
+        "annotationDeletionFailed": "Failed to delete annotations: {message}"
+    },
+    "database": {
+        "failedToUpdateData": "Failed to update data"
+    },
+    "backgroundTask": {
+        "noDocumentSocketForClient": "No DocumentSocket found for client",
+        "invalidPreprocessRequest": "Invalid request data: missing skillName or skillParameterMappings",
+        "noCompletedPreprocessing": "Cannot confirm completion: no completed preprocessing to confirm",
+        "confirmCompletionMissingAdminRights": "Cannot confirm completion: missing admin rights"
+    },
+    "assignment": {
+        "notFound": "Assignment with id {assignmentId} not found.",
+        "revisionLimitReached": "Revision limit reached: user {userId} already has {submissionCount} submission(s) for this assignment (max: {maxRevisions}).",
+        "maxRevisionsReached": "Maximum revisions reached for this assignment ({currentCount}/{maxRevisions}).",
+        "unableToAssignEnoughDocuments": "Unable to assign enough documents for {reviewerName} in role {roleName}",
+        "noUsersFoundForRole": "No users found for role {roleName}. Please add users to the role.",
+        "notEnoughDocumentsForRole": "Not enough documents to review for role {roleName}. Please add more documents.",
+        "notEnoughDocumentsForReviewer": "Not enough documents to review for {reviewerName}. Please add more documents.",
+        "couldNotAssignReviewers": "Could not assign all reviewers. Please try again.",
+        "studySessionOwnerNotSelectedReviewer": "Study session owner (User ID: {reviewerId}) is not in the selected reviewers list. Please add them to the reviewer selection.",
+        "invalidMode": "Invalid mode provided for assignment creation.",
+        "firstStepNotSubmission": "First step selected does not map to a submission.",
+        "latestSubmissionNotFound": "The latest version of the chosen submission could not be found."
+    },
+    "common": {
+        "resourceNotFound": "The requested resource does not exist or has been deleted.",
+        "accessDenied": "You do not have rights to access this data."
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/utils/modules/i18n/en/index.js b/utils/modules/i18n/en/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5c21676cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/utils/modules/i18n/en/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+import common from './common.json'
+import auth from './auth.json'
+import errors from './errors.json'
+import dashboard from './dashboard.json'
+import documents from './documents.json'
+import users from './users.json'
+import studies from './studies.json'
+import annotator from './annotator.json'
+import settings from './settings.json'
+import tags from './tags.json'
+import modals from './modals.json'
+import nlp from './nlp.json'
+import navigation from './navigation.json'
+import assessment from './assessment.json'
+import editor from './editor.json'
+import tagSelector from './tagSelector.json'
+import infoPanel from './infoPanel.json'
+import report from './report.json'
+import review from './review.json'
+import basic from './basic.json'
+import coordinator from './coordinator.json'
+import moodle from './moodle.json'
+import submission from './submission.json'
+import sidebar from './sidebar.json'
+import components from './components.json'
+import workflow from "./workflow.json";
+import templates from './templates.json'
+import assignments from './assignments.json'
+
+export default {
+  common,
+  auth,
+  errors,
+  dashboard,
+  documents,
+  users,
+  studies,
+  annotator,
+  settings,
+  tags,
+  modals,
+  nlp,
+  navigation,
+  assessment,
+  editor,
+  tagSelector,
+  infoPanel,
+  report,
+  review,
+  basic,
+  coordinator,
+  moodle,
+  submission,
+  sidebar,
+  components,
+  workflow,
+  templates,
+  assignments
+}
diff --git a/utils/modules/i18n/en/infoPanel.json b/utils/modules/i18n/en/infoPanel.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ee95db21b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/utils/modules/i18n/en/infoPanel.json
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+{
+    "description": "Description:",
+    "maxPoints": "Maximum Points:",
+    "pointsAbbreviation": "P",
+    "scoringCriteria": "Scoring Criteria:"
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/utils/modules/i18n/en/modals.json b/utils/modules/i18n/en/modals.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5b10b2872
--- /dev/null
+++ b/utils/modules/i18n/en/modals.json
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+{
+    "confirm": "Confirm",
+    "confirmAction": "Confirm {action}",
+    "pleaseConfirm": "Please confirm",
+    "sending": "Sending...",
+    "sendResetEmail": "Send Reset Email",
+    "passwordReset": "Password Reset",
+    "passwordUpdated": "Password Updated",
+    "passwordResetSuccess": "Password has been reset successfully.",
+    "loading": "Loading...",
+    "closeModal": "Close",
+    "placeholders": {
+        "documentPreview": "Document Preview",
+        "placeholderLegend": "Placeholder Legend",
+        "configurePlaceholders": "Configure Placeholders",
+        "firstDataSource": "First Data Source:",
+        "secondDataSource": "Second Data Source:",
+        "dataSource": "Data Source:",
+        "selectFirstDataSource": "Select first data source...",
+        "selectSecondDataSource": "Select second data source...",
+        "selectDataSource": "Select data source...",
+        "noPlaceholders": "No placeholders found in the document.",
+        "documentError": "Document Error",
+        "invalidDocumentContent": "The document content is invalid or empty. Please try again.",
+        "failedToFetchDocument": "Failed to fetch the document.",
+        "addInformation": "Add here the information for the placeholder:",
+        "dataMissingOrInvalid": "~ Placeholder data missing or invalid ~",
+        "dataMissing": "~ Placeholder data missing ~",
+        "firstVersionStep": "First Version (Step {step})",
+        "currentVersionStep": "Current Version (Step {step})"
+    },
+    "modal": "Modal",
+    "noContentForThisStep": "No content available for this step.",
+    "finishStudy": "Finish Study",
+    "exportStudyData": "Export Study Data",
+    "returnToStudies": "'Return to Studies'",
+    "revisions": {
+        "revision": "Revision",
+        "revisionOne": "Revision 1",
+        "revisionTwo": "Revision 2"
+    },
+    "chart": "Chart",
+    "comparisonChart": "Comparison Chart",
+    "importExport": {
+        "export": {
+            "defaultTitle": "Export",
+            "success": {
+                "title": "Export Successful",
+                "single": "{table} exported successfully in {format} format",
+                "multiple": "{table} exported successfully in {format} format"
+            }
+        },
+        "import": {
+            "defaultTitle": "Import",
+            "selectFile": "Select file ({extensions}):",
+            "selectedFile": "Selected: {file}",
+            "selectItemsPrefix": "Select which items to import from",
+            "confirmQuestion": "Are you sure you want to import the following {table}?",
+            "genericItems": "items",
+            "childRecords": "— {count} child record(s)",
+            "fallbackItemLabel": "Item {index}",
+            "steps": {
+                "fileSelection": "File Selection",
+                "itemSelection": "{item} Selection",
+                "confirmation": "Confirmation",
+                "genericItem": "Item"
+            },
+            "errors": {
+                "unsupportedFileType": "Unsupported file type \"{ext}\"",
+                "parseFileFailed": "Failed to parse file: {message}",
+                "readFileFailed": "Failed to read file",
+                "importError": "Import Error",
+                "importChildFailed": "Failed to import child record: {message}",
+                "importItemFailed": "Failed to import \"{name}\": {message}"
+            },
+            "success": {
+                "title": "Import Successful",
+                "single": "{count} {table} imported successfully!",
+                "multiple": "{count} {table}s imported successfully!"
+            }
+        },
+        "formats": {
+            "csv": {
+                "label": "CSV Format",
+                "description": "Comma-separated values, compatible with spreadsheets"
+            },
+            "json": {
+                "label": "JSON Format",
+                "description": "Standard JSON format with proper formatting"
+            },
+            "txt": {
+                "label": "TXT Format",
+                "description": "Plain text with indented nested objects"
+            },
+            "yaml": {
+                "label": "YAML Format",
+                "description": "Human-readable YAML format"
+            }
+        },
+        "wiring": {
+            "configuration": {
+                "exportAllTooltip": "Export all configurations",
+                "importTitle": "Import Configuration",
+                "exportTitle": "Export Configuration"
+            },
+            "tags": {
+                "exportAllTooltip": "Export All Tag Sets",
+                "importTitle": "Import Tag Sets",
+                "exportTitle": "Export Tag Set"
+            },
+            "templates": {
+                "importTooltip": "Import Templates",
+                "exportAllTooltip": "Export All Templates",
+                "importTitle": "Import Templates",
+                "exportTitle": "Export Template"
+            },
+            "studyTemplates": {
+                "importTooltip": "Import Template",
+                "exportAllTooltip": "Export All Templates",
+                "importTitle": "Import Study Templates",
+                "exportTitle": "Export Study Template"
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/utils/modules/i18n/en/moodle.json b/utils/modules/i18n/en/moodle.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..94a360a21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/utils/modules/i18n/en/moodle.json
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+{
+    "assignmentId": "Assignment ID:",
+    "courseId": "Course ID:",
+    "apiKey": "Moodle API Key:",
+    "apiUrl": "Moodle URL:",
+    "refresh": "Refresh",
+    "refreshTooltip": "Refresh assignments list",
+    "placeholders": {
+      "assignmentId": "Enter Assignment ID",
+      "courseId": "Enter Course ID",
+      "apiKey": "Enter API Key",
+      "apiUrl": "https://example.moodle.com"
+    }
+  }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/utils/modules/i18n/en/navigation.json b/utils/modules/i18n/en/navigation.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..da9abb17d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/utils/modules/i18n/en/navigation.json
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+{
+    "goBack": "Go back...",
+    "project": "Project: {name}",
+    "documentation": "Documentation",
+    "feedback": "Feedback",
+    "projectPage": "Project Page",
+    "sidebar": {
+        "collapseSidebar": "Collapse sidebar",
+        "toggleSidebar": "Toggle sidebar",
+        "hideSidebar": "Hide sidebar",
+        "showSidebar": "Show sidebar",
+        "moreActions": "More actions",
+        "noContent": "No sidebar content selected.",
+        "sidebarSection": "Sidebar section"
+    },
+    "topbar": {
+        "goBack": "Go back...",
+        "projectTitle": "Project: {name}",
+        "signedInAs": "Signed in as {username}"
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/utils/modules/i18n/en/nlp.json b/utils/modules/i18n/en/nlp.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dda3ac27a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/utils/modules/i18n/en/nlp.json
@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+{
+    "service": "NLP Service",
+    "serviceRequest": "NLP Service Request",
+    "notAvailable": "{name} not available",
+    "skillDetails": "Skill Details",
+    "copyConfig": "Copy config",
+    "downloadConfig": "Download config",
+    "sendCommand": "Send command",
+    "configCopied": "Config copied",
+    "skillConfigCopied": "Skill configuration copied to clipboard!",
+    "downloadSuccess": "Download success",
+    "downloadedConfigMessage": "Downloaded {name} configuration",
+    "services": {
+        "availableServices": "Available Services",
+        "noServices": "No services configuration available for this step."
+    },
+    "inputConfirm": {
+        "confirmSelections": "Confirm Your Selections",
+        "selectedSkill": "Selected Skill:",
+        "inputMappings": "Input Mappings:",
+        "selectedFiles": "Selected Files:",
+        "baseFileSelections": "Base File Selections:",
+        "defaultConfiguration": "Configuration",
+        "unknownSelection": "Unknown"
+    },
+    "inputFiles": {
+        "filesSelectedFor": "Files selected for {param}: {count} file(s)",
+        "selectFilesFor": "Please select files for parameter: {param}",
+        "documents": "Documents",
+        "submissions": "Submissions"
+    },
+    "inputGroup": {
+        "validationConfiguration": "Validation Configuration {id}"
+    },
+    "skillSelector": {
+        "selectNlpSkill": "Select NLP Skill:"
+    },
+    "inputMap": {
+        "inputMapping": "Input Mapping",
+        "outputMapping": "Output Mapping",
+        "saveInDocumentData": "Save in Document Data",
+        "insertIntoEditor": "Insert into Editor",
+        "sources": {
+            "documents": "<Documents>",
+            "submissions": "<Submissions>",
+            "submission": "<Submission>",
+            "configuration": "<Configuration> {name}",
+            "document": "<Document> {name}",
+            "documentFallback": "Document {id}",
+            "submissionWithName": "<Submission> {name}",
+            "annotatorAnnotations": "<Annotator> Annotations (Workflow Step {step})",
+            "annotatorComments": "<Annotator> Comments (Workflow Step {step})",
+            "editorFirstVersion": "<Editor> First Version (Workflow Step {step})",
+            "editorCurrentVersion": "<Editor> Current Version (Workflow Step {step})",
+            "assessmentResults": "<Assessment> Results (Workflow Step {step})",
+            "serviceOutput": "<Service {service}> {skill}_{output} (Workflow Step {step})"
+        }
+    },
+    "request": {
+        "title": "NLP Service Request",
+        "timeout": "Timeout in request for skill: {skill}"
+    },
+    "preprocessing": {
+        "title": "Preprocess Grading",
+        "cancelButton": "Cancel Preprocess",
+        "submissionName": "Submission {id}",
+        "cancelApplySkills": "Cancel Apply Skills",
+        "cancelSuccess": "Preprocessing cancelled successfully.",
+        "toasts": {
+            "inProgressTitle": "Preprocessing In Progress",
+            "inProgressMsg": "Preprocessing is currently running. Showing progress...",
+            "cancelledTitle": "Preprocessing Cancelled",
+            "cancelledMsg": "Preprocessing has been cancelled.",
+            "cancellationFailedTitle": "Preprocessing Cancellation Failed",
+            "startedTitle": "Preprocessing Started",
+            "startedMsg": "Preprocessing has been initiated.",
+            "nowRunningMsg": "Preprocessing is now running. Progress shown in the modal.",
+            "completeTitle": "Preprocessing Complete",
+            "completeMsg": "Review the results below.",
+            "confirmationFailedTitle": "Confirmation Failed"
+        },
+        "setupStepper": {
+            "title": "Apply Skills",
+            "submitButton": "Apply Skills",
+            "steps": {
+                "selectSkill": "Select Skill",
+                "selectFiles": "Select Files",
+                "selectBaseFiles": "Select Base Files",
+                "confirmation": "Confirmation"
+            },
+            "closeModalTitle": "Close Modal",
+            "closeModalMessage": "Current selections will be lost if you close this modal. Are you sure you want to continue?"
+        },
+        "processStepper": {
+            "errors": {
+                "title": "Errors Encountered",
+                "errorLabel": "Error:",
+                "submissionId": "Submission ID",
+                "documentId": "Document ID"
+            },
+            "steps": {
+                "progress": "Processing Progress",
+                "confirmCancel": "Confirm Cancellation",
+                "complete": "Processing Complete"
+            },
+            "stats": {
+                "processed": "Processed:",
+                "currentRuntime": "Current request running time:",
+                "estimatedPerRequest": "Estimated time per request:",
+                "estimatedRemaining": "Estimated time remaining:",
+                "calculating": "Calculating...",
+                "almostDone": "Almost done...",
+                "takingLonger": "Taking longer than expected"
+            },
+            "queue": {
+                "title": "Submissions in Queue",
+                "empty": "No submissions in queue. Processing the last request...",
+                "columns": {
+                "id": "ID",
+                "submissionName": "Submission Name",
+                "user": "User"
+                }
+            },
+            "cancel": {
+                "title": "Cancel Processing",
+                "message": "Are you sure you want to cancel the remaining requests?",
+                "confirmButton": "Confirm",
+                "nextButton": "Next"
+            }
+        }
+    },
+    "skills": {
+        "title": "Skills",
+        "descriptions": {
+            "f1000_classification": "This is a classification task",
+            "generating_feedback_german": "This skill is used to generate feedback for the exposé based on the grading result",
+            "generating_feedback_english": "This skill is used to generate feedback for the exposé based on the grading result",
+            "grading_expose_german": "This skill is used to grade the exposé of a student",
+            "grading_expose_english": "This skill is used to grade the exposé of a student",
+            "skill_eic": "This is a skill for edit intent classification with the fine-tuned Leo-LM 13b model",
+            "summarization": "Summarize a text",
+            "sentiment_classification": "This classifies a given paragraph according to its sentiment returning a polarity estimate."
+        },
+        "status": {
+            "online": "ONLINE",
+            "offline": "OFFLINE",
+            "activating": "Activating"
+        },
+        "columns": {
+            "nodes": "# Nodes",
+            "activated": "Activated",
+            "fallback": "Fallback"
+        },
+        "toasts": {
+            "settingUpdatedTitle": "Setting Updated",
+            "settingUpdatedMessage": "Skill \"{name}\" activation updated.",
+            "updateFailedTitle": "Failed to Update Setting"
+        }
+  }
+
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/utils/modules/i18n/en/report.json b/utils/modules/i18n/en/report.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5f6f172f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/utils/modules/i18n/en/report.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+    "noText": "(no text)",
+    "ref": "(ref. {citation})",
+    "show": "(show)",
+    "reviewReport": "Review Report",
+    "emptyReport": "Empty report -- no annotations or comments found.",
+    "generalComments": "General Comments",
+    "noComments": "No comments.",
+    "tip": "*Tip: Hover over a reference to see the referenced text or click to view the annotation in the PDF."
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/utils/modules/i18n/en/review.json b/utils/modules/i18n/en/review.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8ba41a97f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/utils/modules/i18n/en/review.json
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+{
+    "evaluateSession": "Evaluate this session",
+    "sessionNotFinishedYet": "This session is not finished yet, please wait until the session is closed!",
+    "thankYouForEvaluating": "Thank you for evaluating this session!",
+    "sessionAlreadyEvaluated": "This session is already evaluated.",
+    "makeDecision": "Make a decision based on this study session.",
+    "comment": "Comment",
+    "acceptance": "Acceptance"
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/utils/modules/i18n/en/settings.json b/utils/modules/i18n/en/settings.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bb48187a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/utils/modules/i18n/en/settings.json
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+{
+  "title": "Settings",
+  "changeUserSettings": "Change User Settings",
+  "exportJson": "Export JSON",
+  "importJson": "Import JSON",
+  "saveSettings": "Save Settings",
+  "saveSettingsUnsaved": "Save Settings (Unsaved changes)",
+  "importSettings": "Import Settings",
+  "rememberToSave": "Remember to click Save Settings after making changes.",
+  "importDescription": "Select a previous downloaded settings file. Only existing keys will be updated.",
+  "messages": {
+    "settingsLoaded": "Settings Loaded",
+    "settingsLoadedMessage": "Settings have been successfully loaded.",
+    "settingsSavedSuccessfully": "Settings saved successfully.",
+    "settingsImported": "Settings imported",
+    "updatedSettings": "Updated {count} existing setting(s).",
+    "unsavedChangesWarning": "You have unsaved changes in your settings. Are you sure you want to leave without saving?"
+  },
+  "rememberToSaveBefore": "Remember to click",
+  "rememberToSaveAfter": "after making changes.",
+  "noneUseDefaultEmail": "None (use default email)",
+  "pickColor": "Pick a color"
+}
diff --git a/utils/modules/i18n/en/sidebar.json b/utils/modules/i18n/en/sidebar.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..20d7a0bb2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/utils/modules/i18n/en/sidebar.json
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+{
+    "placeholders": "Placeholders",
+    "textPlaceholder": "Text placeholder",
+    "textPlaceholderDescription": "Add text content blocks",
+    "singleChart": "Single chart",
+    "singleChartDescription": "Visualize data with a chart",
+    "comparisonChart": "Comparison Chart",
+    "comparisonChartDescription": "Compare multiple data sets",
+    "currentVersion": "Current Version",
+    "versionHistory": "Version History",
+    "anonymousUser": "Anonymous User",
+    "periode": {
+        "today": "Today",
+        "yesterday": "Yesterday",
+        "thisWeek": "This week",
+        "lastWeek": "Last week",
+        "thisMonth": "This month",
+        "lastMonth": "Last month",
+        "older": "Older"
+    },
+    "nav": {
+        "home": "Home",
+        "documents": "Documents",
+        "tags": "Tags",
+        "settings": "Settings",
+        "logs": "Logs",
+        "studies": "Studies",
+        "study_sessions": "Study Sessions",
+        "users": "Users",
+        "nlp_skills": "NLP Skills",
+        "user_stats": "User Statistics",
+        "projects": "Projects",
+        "submissions": "Submissions",
+        "assignments": "Assignments",
+        "review_documents": "Review Documents",
+        "configurations": "Configurations",
+        "templates": "Templates",
+        "workflows": "Workflows",
+        "session_overview": "Session Overview",
+        "groups": {
+            "default": "Default",
+            "admin": "Admin",
+            "home": "Home",
+            "study": "Study",
+            "manage": "Manage",
+            "settings": "Settings",
+            "ai": "AI"
+        }
+    },
+    "textPlaceholderHelp": "Displays a single value from a previous editor step or NLP skill output. Use this when you want to show a specific piece of data (like a text field, number, or label) from an earlier step in your workflow.",
+    "singleChartHelp": "Displays a chart built from labels and values provided by previous steps or NLP skills. The chart will automatically visualize the data structure you've configured, making it easy to present numerical or categorical data visually.",
+    "comparisonChartHelp": "Compares two data sources (e.g. two document versions or NLP outputs) and visualizes the result. This is useful for showing differences between versions, comparing outputs from different steps, or highlighting changes over time."
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/utils/modules/i18n/en/studies.json b/utils/modules/i18n/en/studies.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a9c0a7f02
--- /dev/null
+++ b/utils/modules/i18n/en/studies.json
@@ -0,0 +1,301 @@
+{
+  "title": "Studies",
+  "study": "Study",
+  "overview": "Overview",
+  "template": "Template",
+  "sessions": "Sessions",
+  "savedTemplates": "Saved Templates",
+  "closeAllStudies": "Close All Studies",
+  "addBulkAssignments": "Add Bulk Assignments",
+  "addSingleAssignment": "Add Single Assignment",
+  "editStudy": "Edit study",
+  "deleteStudy": "Delete study",
+  "openStudy": "Open study",
+  "restartStudy": "Restart study",
+  "closeStudy": "Close study",
+  "copyLink": "Copy link to study",
+  "inspectSessions": "Inspect sessions",
+  "saveAsTemplate": "Save as Template",
+  "showInformation": "Show information",
+  "finishStudy": "Finish Study",
+  "finishStudyAgain": "Finish Study Again",
+  "returnToDashboard": "Return to dashboard",
+  "backToDashboard": "Back to Dashboard",
+  "openSessionsBig": "Open Sessions",
+  "openSessionsSmall": "open Sessions",
+  "openSessionsForStudy": "Open sessions for {name}",
+  "resumeSession": "Resume session",
+  "startSession": "Start session",
+  "joinStudy": "Join study",
+  "startStudy": "Start study",
+  "finishSession": "Finish session",
+  "sessionNotStarted": "Session has not started yet",
+  "timeLeft": "Time Left",
+  "notStartedYet": "The study has not started yet!",
+  "noMoreSessions": "No more sessions available for this study.",
+  "clickToStart": "Click \"Start User Study\" to start the user study.",
+  "collaborativeNote": "This is a collaborative user study, so everyone can join and proceed with this study simultaneously!",
+  "thankYouParticipation": "Thank you for your participation :-)",
+  "canCloseBrowser": "You can close the browser now!",
+  "thankYouJoining": "Thank you for joining!",
+  "clickFinishToSubmit": "With a click on the finish button, you can submit your results.",
+  "timeExpired": "The time has expired, no more changes are possible.",
+  "nameOfStudy": "Name of the study:",
+  "foreignUnstartedSession": "This study session has not been started yet and belongs to another user.",
+  "cannotResumeSession": "You cannot start or resume this session.",
+  "columns": {
+    "status": "Status",
+    "created": "Created",
+    "sessions": "Sessions",
+    "started": "Started",
+    "finished": "Finished",
+    "sessionLimit": "Session Limit",
+    "sessionLimitPerUser": "Session Limit per User",
+    "resumable": "Resumable",
+    "collaborative": "Collaborative",
+    "multipleSubmissions": "Multiple Submissions",
+    "timeLimit": "Time Limit",
+    "sessionStartFinishEmails": "Session Start/Finish Emails",
+    "parentSessionId": "Parent Session ID"
+  },
+  "status": {
+    "notStarted": "Not started",
+    "running": "Running",
+    "closed": "Closed",
+    "ended": "Ended"
+  },
+  "messages": {
+    "studyStarted": "Study started",
+    "enjoy": "Enjoy!",
+    "studyPublishedSuccess": "Study published successfully!",
+    "participantsCanJoin": "Participants can join using the following link:",
+    "studyClosed": "Study closed",
+    "studyClosedMessage": "The study has been closed",
+    "studyDeleted": "Study deleted",
+    "studyDeletedMessage": "The study has been deleted",
+    "studyRestarted": "Study restarted",
+    "studyRestartedMessage": "The study has been restarted",
+    "linkCopied": "Link copied",
+    "linkCopiedMessage": "Study link copied to clipboard!",
+    "templateCreatedSuccess": "Template created successfully!",
+    "templateCreated": "Template Created",
+    "templateCreatedMessage": "The template has been created.",
+    "templateSaved": "Template Saved",
+    "templateSavedMessage": "This study has been saved as a template.",
+    "deleteConfirm": "Are you sure you want to delete the study?",
+    "deleteTitle": "Delete Study",
+    "saveAsTemplateConfirm": "Are you sure you want to save this study as a template?",
+    "saveAsTemplateTitle": "Save Study as Template",
+    "studyFinished": "This study has finished on {date}",
+    "studyStartDate": "Start: {date}",
+    "timeLimitNote": "Please note that there is a time limitation of {minutes} min for this study!",
+    "sessionsLeft": "You have {count} sessions left for this study.",
+    "sessionWarning": "There are currently {count} study sessions existing for this study. Deleting it will delete the study sessions!",
+    "sessionFinished": "Session Finished",
+    "sessionFinishedMessage": "Your session has been submitted successfully.",
+    "studySessionErrorTitle": "Study Session Error"
+  },
+  "loading": {
+    "title": "Loading Study Step",
+    "nlpError": "An error occurred while processing NLP results. Please try again or skip NLP support.",
+    "generalError": "An error occurred while loading the study step. Please try again later.",
+    "buttons": {
+      "tryAgain": "Try Again",
+      "skip": "Skip NLP Support"
+    },
+    "messages": [
+      "Thinking through your request...",
+      "Almost there, just refining the details...",
+      "Gathering the best possible answer...",
+      "Just a few more moments, precision takes time...",
+      "Working on something smart for you...",
+      "One moment... I'm thinking faster than it looks...",
+      "Just aligning a few neurons...",
+      "Spinning up some linguistic magic...",
+      "Your request is traveling through a billion neurons...",
+      "Looking around corners for edge cases...",
+      "Running a quick plausibility pass...",
+      "Consulting the wisdom of the crowd...",
+      "Almost ready..."
+    ],
+    "errorTitle": "Error Loading Study Step",
+    "processingTitle": "Processing NLP Requests",
+    "failedTitle": "NLP Requests Failed",
+    "readyTitle": "Study Step Ready"
+  },
+  "dashboard": {
+      "activeSessions": {
+        "title": "Active Study Sessions",
+        "noSessions": "You have no active study sessions. Enter a study by clicking on the study link or create your own study."
+      },
+      "closedSessions": {
+        "title": "Closed Study Sessions",
+        "noSessions": "You have no closed study sessions."
+      },
+      "studyTitle": "Study: {name}",
+      "studyTitleWithAuthor": "Study: {name} (from {author})",
+      "noName": "<no name>",
+      "noDueDate": "no due date"
+  },
+  "modalTitle": {
+    "createTemplate": "Create Template",
+    "editTemplate": "Edit Template",
+    "newTemplate": "New Template",
+    "createStudy": "Create Study",
+    "editStudy": "Edit Study",
+    "newStudy": "New Study"
+  },
+  "unit": {
+    "sessions": "Session(s)"
+  },
+  "form": {
+    "name": {
+      "label": "Name of the study",
+      "placeholder": "My user study"
+    },
+    "workflow": {
+      "label": "Select workflow for study",
+      "help": "Choose a workflow template for the study steps."
+    },
+    
+    "tagSet": {
+      "label": "Tag set for the study",
+      "help": "Select a tag set to use in the study."
+    },
+    "stepDocuments": {
+      "label": "Assign documents to workflow steps"
+    },
+    "description": {
+      "label": "Description of the study",
+      "help": "This text will be displayed at the beginning of the user study."
+    },
+    "timeLimit": {
+      "label": "How much time does a participant have for the study?",
+      "help": "Set the maximum time allowed. Use 0 to disable the time limit."
+    },
+    "limitSessions": {
+      "label": "Limit the number of sessions for the study",
+      "help": "Set how many times participants can start or resume the study. Use 0 for unlimited sessions."
+    },
+    "limitSessionsPerUser": {
+      "label": "Limit the number of sessions per user",
+      "help": "Set how many times each participant can start or resume the study. Use 0 for unlimited sessions."
+    },
+    "collab": {
+      "label": "Should the study be collaborative?"
+    },
+    "anonymize": {
+      "label": "Should the comments be anonymized?"
+    },
+    "resumable": {
+      "label": "Should the study be resumable?"
+    },
+    "multipleSubmit": {
+      "label": "Allow multiple submissions?",
+      "help": "Specify whether participants can submit the study more than once."
+    },
+    "start": {
+      "label": "Study sessions cannot start before"
+    },
+    "end": {
+      "label": "Study sessions cannot start after"
+    }
+  },
+  "assignUserSession": {
+    "title": "Assign Users to Study Session",
+    "noSessionSelected": "No study session selected!",
+    "selectSessionToProceed": "Please select a study session to proceed.",
+    "selectUsers": "Select Users",
+    "selectUsersDescription": "Select the users you want to assign to this study session.",
+    "confirmCopy": "Are you sure you want to copy this study session for the following users?",
+    "studySessionId": "Study Session ID:",
+    "originalUser": "Original User:",
+    "selectedUsers": "Selected Users:",
+    "usersAssignedToCopy": "Users assigned to study session copy:",
+    "steps": {
+      "userSelection": "User Selection",
+      "confirmation": "Confirmation"
+    },
+    "toasts": {
+      "copiedTitle": "Study sessions copied",
+      "copiedMessage": "Successfully copied study session to {count} user(s).",
+      "copyFailed": "Copy failed"
+    }
+  },
+  "closeModal": {
+    "title": "Close Study",
+    "confirmPrefix": "Are you sure you want to close the study",
+    "notifySessions": "Send email notification to participants with open sessions",
+    "closeStudy": "Close study",
+    "success": {
+      "title": "Study closed",
+      "message": "The study has been closed"
+    },
+    "errors": {
+      "title": "Study closing failed"
+    }
+  },
+  "fields": {
+  "name": {
+    "label": "Name of the study:",
+    "placeholder": "My user study"
+  },
+  "workflowId": {
+    "label": "Select Workflow for Study:",
+    "help": "Choose a workflow template for the study steps."
+  },
+  "tagSetId": {
+    "label": "Tag set for the study:",
+    "help": "Select a tag set to use in the study."
+  },
+  "stepDocuments": {
+    "label": "Assign Documents to Workflow Steps:"
+  },
+  "description": {
+    "label": "Description of the study:",
+    "help": "This text will be displayed at the beginning of the user study!"
+  },
+  "enableEmailNotifications": {
+    "label": "Send email notification on session start/finish",
+    "help": "When enabled, the study owner receives an email each time a participant starts or finishes a session."
+  },
+  "timeLimit": {
+    "label": "How much time does a participant have for the study?",
+    "help": "0 = disable time limitation"
+  },
+  "limitSessions": {
+    "label": "Limit the number of sessions for the study:",
+    "help": "Set the maximum number of times participants can start or resume the study. Each attempt to complete the study is called a session. 0 = unlimited number of sessions."
+  },
+  "limitSessionsPerUser": {
+    "label": "Limit the number of sessions per user for the study:",
+    "help": "Set the maximum number of times each participant can start or resume the study. Each attempt to complete the study is called a session. 0 = unlimited number of sessions per user."
+  },
+  "start": {
+    "label": "Study sessions can't start before"
+  },
+  "end": {
+    "label": "Study sessions can't start after:"
+  },
+  "collab": {
+    "label": "Should the study be collaborative?"
+  },
+  "anonymize": {
+    "label": "Should the comments be anonymized?"
+  },
+  "resumable": {
+    "label": "Should the study be resumable?"
+  },
+  "multipleSubmit": {
+    "label": "Allow multiple submissions?",
+    "help": "Specify whether participants can submit their study multiple times."
+  }
+},
+"units": {
+  "minutes": "min",
+  "sessions": "Session(s)"
+},
+"values": {
+  "unlimited": "unlimited"
+}
+}
diff --git a/utils/modules/i18n/en/submission.json b/utils/modules/i18n/en/submission.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..602d871c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/utils/modules/i18n/en/submission.json
@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+{
+    "dashboard": {
+      "title": "Submissions",
+      "buttons": {
+        "assignGroup": "Assign Group",
+        "publishReviews": "Publish Reviews",
+        "publishSubmissions": "Publish Submissions",
+        "manualImport": "Manual Import",
+        "importMoodle": "Import via Moodle",
+        "viewProcessing": "View Processing",
+        "applySkills": "Apply Skills",
+        "publishAssessment": "Publish Assessment"
+      },
+      "tooltips": {
+        "assignGroup": "Assign Group",
+        "publishReviews": "Publish Reviews",
+        "publishSubmissions": "Publish Submissions",
+        "manualImport": "Manual Import",
+        "importMoodle": "Import via Moodle",
+        "viewProcessing": "View Processing Progress",
+        "applySkills": "Apply Skills",
+        "processingActive": "Processing active",
+        "publishAssessment": "Publish Assessment"
+      },
+      "columns": {
+        "id": "ID",
+        "firstName": "First Name",
+        "lastName": "Last Name",
+        "submissionId": "Submission ID",
+        "group": "Group",
+        "validationId": "Validation ID",
+        "createdAt": "Created At"
+      },
+      "actions": {
+        "download": "Download submission files",
+        "delete": "Delete document..."
+      },
+      "delete": {
+        "title": "Delete Document",
+        "message": "Are you sure you want to delete the document?",
+        "warning": "There is currently {count} study running on this document. Deleting it will delete the study! | There are currently {count} studies running on this document. Deleting it will delete the studies!"
+      },
+      "toasts": {
+        "deleteSuccessTitle": "Document deleted",
+        "deleteSuccessMessage": "The document has been deleted",
+        "deleteFailedTitle": "Failed to delete document",
+        "noDocumentsTitle": "No documents found",
+        "noDocumentsMessage": "This submission has no associated documents to download",
+        "downloadIssueTitle": "Document download issue",
+        "downloadIssueMessage": "Could not download {name}",
+        "downloadErrorTitle": "Download error",
+        "downloadErrorMessage": "Failed to download {name}: {error}",
+        "downloadCompleteTitle": "Download complete",
+        "downloadCompleteMessage": "Downloaded submission {id} with {count} documents",
+        "downloadFailedTitle": "Download failed"
+      }
+    },
+    "publishAssessment": {
+      "title": "Publish Assessment",
+      "selectConfiguration": "Select Assessment Configuration:",
+      "selectConfigurationDescription": "Choose which assessment configuration you want to export data for.",
+      "selectWorkflows": "Select Workflows:",
+      "selectWorkflowsDescription": "Select one or more workflow steps that use the selected configuration. You can see how many sessions (open/closed) are available for each step.",
+      "selectSessions": "Select Sessions:",
+      "selectSessionsDescriptionPrefix": "Select which study sessions to include in the assessment export. Please note only",
+      "closedStudySessions": "closed study sessions",
+      "selectSessionsDescriptionSuffix": "are displayed here.",
+      "noSessionsFound": "No sessions found matching the selected workflows and configuration.",
+      "hashCollection": "Hash Collection:",
+      "hashCollectionStudies": "based on Studies (session hashes for each study)",
+      "hashCollectionSessions": "based on Sessions (hashes for own sessions)",
+      "hashes": "Hashes:",
+      "publishingMethod": "Publishing Method:",
+      "includeReviewUrl": "Include review URL in Moodle feedback",
+      "includeReviewUrlDescription": "If checked, the review URL will be included as feedback text in Moodle for each published grade.",
+      "moodleGradePublishingOverview": "Moodle Grade Publishing Overview:",
+      "numberOfGradesToPublish": "Number of grades to publish:",
+      "assessmentScaleCurrentScores": "Assessment scale (current scores):",
+      "pointsRange": "from {from} to {to} points",
+      "moodleGradeScaleTarget": "Moodle grade scale (target):",
+      "selectAssignmentForInformation": "select an assignment to view this information",
+      "conversionFactor": "Conversion factor:",
+      "conversionFactorValue": "1 assessment point = {factor} Moodle points",
+      "conversionNote": "Note: All selected assessment scores will be converted linearly from the assessment scale to the Moodle grade scale using the factor shown above.",
+      "workflowFallback": "Workflow {id}",
+      "steps": {
+        "configuration": "Configuration",
+        "workflow": "Workflow",
+        "session": "Session",
+        "confirmation": "Confirmation",
+        "publishing": "Publishing"
+      },
+      "columns": {
+        "workflowId": "Workflow ID",
+        "workflowName": "Workflow Name",
+        "step": "Step",
+        "openSessions": "Open Sessions",
+        "closedSessions": "Closed Sessions",
+        "totalSessions": "Total Sessions",
+        "created": "Created",
+        "study": "Study",
+        "reviewerFirstName": "Reviewer First Name",
+        "reviewerLastName": "Reviewer Last Name",
+        "ownerFirstName": "Owner First Name",
+        "ownerLastName": "Owner Last Name",
+        "submissionExtId": "Submission ExtId"
+      },
+      "publishMethods": {
+        "downloadCsv": "Download CSV",
+        "moodle": "Moodle",
+        "email": "Email"
+      },
+      "csv": {
+        "userExtId": "User ExtId",
+        "userFirstName": "User First Name",
+        "userLastName": "User Last Name",
+        "userName": "User Name",
+        "submissionId": "Submission ID",
+        "submissionExtId": "Submission ExtId",
+        "reviewerFirstName": "Reviewer First Name",
+        "reviewerLastName": "Reviewer Last Name",
+        "reviewerUserName": "Reviewer User Name",
+        "reviewerRoles": "Reviewer Roles",
+        "hash": "Hash",
+        "totalPoints": "Total Points"
+      },
+      "toasts": {
+        "configurationMissing": {
+          "title": "Configuration missing",
+          "message": "Selected configuration content could not be loaded."
+        },
+        "gradesPublished": {
+          "title": "Grades published",
+          "message": "The selected sessions' grades have been published to the assignment"
+        },
+        "failedToPublishGrades": {
+          "title": "Failed to publish grades"
+        },
+        "csvExport": {
+          "title": "CSV Export",
+          "message": "Assessment data CSV successfully generated and exported"
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "assign": {
+      "noAdditionalSettings": "No additional settings"
+    }
+  }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/utils/modules/i18n/en/tagSelector.json b/utils/modules/i18n/en/tagSelector.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..310104b8b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/utils/modules/i18n/en/tagSelector.json
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+{
+    "chooseTag": "Choose a tag...",
+    "selectTag": "Please select a valid tag.",
+    "addTag": "Add tag...",
+    "noTags": "No Tags"
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/utils/modules/i18n/en/tags.json b/utils/modules/i18n/en/tags.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..174af71ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/utils/modules/i18n/en/tags.json
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+{
+  "title": "Tag Sets",
+  "tagSet": "Tag Set",
+  "addNewTagSet": "Add new tag set",
+  "copyTagSet": "Copy tag set",
+  "editTagSet": "Edit tag set",
+  "deleteTagSet": "Delete tag set",
+  "shareTagSet": "Share tag set",
+  "selectAsDefault": "Select tag set as default",
+  "modalTitle": {
+    "newTagSet": "New Tag Set",
+    "editTagSet": "Edit Tag Set"
+  },
+  "columns": {
+    "tags": "Tags",
+    "lastChange": "Last Change",
+    "user": "User"
+  },
+  "fields": {
+    "name": {
+      "label": "Name of the Tagset:",
+      "placeholder": "My tagset"
+    },
+    "description": {
+      "label": "Description of the Tagset:",
+      "placeholder": "Tagset description"
+    },
+    "tags": {
+      "label": "Tags:"
+    },
+    "tag": {
+      "name": {
+        "placeholder": "Name of the Tag"
+      },
+      "color": {
+        "label": "Color"
+      },
+      "description": {
+        "placeholder": "Tag description"
+      }
+    }
+  },
+  "messages": {
+    "deleteTitle": "Delete Tagset",
+    "deleteConfirm": "Do you really want to delete the Tagset?",
+    "tagSetDeleted": "TagSet deleted",
+    "tagSetDeletedMessage": "The TagSet was successfully deleted",
+    "publishTitle": "Publish Tagset",
+    "publishConfirm": "Do you really want to publish the tagset? Note: Once you published it, you can't unpublish the tagset!",
+    "tagSetPublished": "TagSet published",
+    "tagSetPublishedMessage": "The TagSet was successfully published"
+  },
+  "form": {
+    "name": {
+      "label": "Name of the Tag set:",
+      "placeholder": "My tag set"
+    },
+    "description": {
+      "label": "Description of the Tag set:",
+      "placeholder": "Tag set description"
+    },
+    "tags": {
+      "label": "Tags:"
+    }
+  },
+  "editMainTag": "Edit main tag",
+  "basicTags": {
+    "highlight": "Highlight",
+    "strength": "Strength",
+    "weakness": "Weakness",
+    "other": "Other"
+  },
+  "basicTagGroups": {
+    "peerReview": "Peer Review",
+    "standardSet": "A standard tagset for peer review process"
+  },
+  "tag":{
+    "form": {
+      "name":{
+        "label": "Name",
+        "placeholder": "Name of the Tag"
+      },
+      "description": {
+        "label": "Description",
+        "placeholder":"Tag description"
+      },
+      "colorCode": {
+        "label": "Color",
+        "options": {
+          "info": "Info",
+          "warning": "Warning",
+          "success": "Success",
+          "danger": "Danger"
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/utils/modules/i18n/en/templates.json b/utils/modules/i18n/en/templates.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f2f535bce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/utils/modules/i18n/en/templates.json
@@ -0,0 +1,261 @@
+{
+  "placeholders": {
+    "warning": "Warning:",
+    "invalidPlaceholdersMessage": "The following placeholders are not valid for {templateType} templates:",
+    "invalidPlaceholdersIgnored": "These placeholders will be ignored when the template is used.",
+    "failedToLoad": "Failed to load placeholders",
+    "labels": {
+      "emailGeneral": {
+        "username": "Recipient username",
+        "firstName": "Recipient first name",
+        "lastName": "Recipient last name",
+        "link": "Link",
+        "otp": "One-time code",
+        "tokenExpiry": "Token expiry"
+      },
+      "emailStudySession": {
+        "username": "Recipient username",
+        "link": "Review link"
+      },
+      "emailAssignment": {
+        "username": "Recipient username",
+        "assignmentType": "Assignment type",
+        "assignmentName": "Assignment name",
+        "link": "Assignment link"
+      },
+      "emailStudyClose": {
+        "username": "Recipient username",
+        "studyName": "Study name"
+      },
+      "emailSubmissionUpload": {
+        "username": "Recipient username",
+        "assignmentName": "Assignment name",
+        "eventType": "Upload event",
+        "assignmentId": "Assignment ID",
+        "submissionId": "Submission ID",
+        "timestamp": "Upload timestamp"
+      }
+    },
+    "descriptions": {
+      "emailGeneral": {
+        "username": "Username of the email recipient.",
+        "firstName": "First name of the email recipient.",
+        "lastName": "Last name of the email recipient.",
+        "link": "Action link in the email (e.g. reset or verification URL).",
+        "otp": "One-time verification code for email-based two-factor authentication.",
+        "tokenExpiry": "Expiry time in hours or minutes, depending on the email context."
+      },
+      "emailStudySession": {
+        "username": "Submission owner receiving this session email.",
+        "link": "Link to open the review in read-only mode."
+      },
+      "emailAssignment": {
+        "username": "Username of the assigned reviewer.",
+        "assignmentType": "Whether the assignment is document or submission.",
+        "assignmentName": "Name of the assignment or study.",
+        "link": "Link to start the assigned review session."
+      },
+      "emailStudyClose": {
+        "username": "Username of the session owner with an open session at study close.",
+        "studyName": "Name of the study that was closed."
+      },
+      "emailSubmissionUpload": {
+        "username": "Recipient username (assignment owner or submitter).",
+        "assignmentName": "Name of the assignment.",
+        "eventType": "Lowercase: \"uploaded\" or \"reuploaded\".",
+        "assignmentId": "Internal assignment identifier.",
+        "submissionId": "Internal submission identifier.",
+        "timestamp": "When the submission was uploaded."
+      }
+    },
+    "help": {
+      "emailGeneral": {
+        "username": "The username of the person receiving the email. For password reset, verification, or registration emails this is the user whose account the email is about.",
+        "firstName": "The first name of the person receiving the email.",
+        "lastName": "The last name of the person receiving the email.",
+        "link": "The URL included in the email (e.g. password reset, verification, or registration).",
+        "otp": "One-time verification code for email-based two-factor authentication.",
+        "tokenExpiry": "Expiry time in hours or minutes, depending on the email context."
+      },
+      "emailStudySession": {
+        "username": "The person receiving this email. For session start and session finish notifications this is always the submission owner.",
+        "link": "The URL to open the review (read-only). Used for session start and session finish."
+      },
+      "emailAssignment": {
+        "username": "The username of the reviewer who is assigned to the task.",
+        "assignmentType": "How the work is assigned: \"document\" (review by document) or \"submission\" (review by submission).",
+        "assignmentName": "The name of the assignment or study the reviewer is assigned to.",
+        "link": "The URL for the reviewer to open and start their review session. They must use this link to begin the assigned task."
+      },
+      "emailStudyClose": {
+        "username": "The username of the session owner who had an open session when the study was closed.",
+        "studyName": "The name of the study that was closed."
+      },
+      "emailSubmissionUpload": {
+        "username": "The person receiving this email (assignment owner or submitter).",
+        "assignmentName": "The title of the assignment.",
+        "eventType": "Lowercase sentence text: \"uploaded\" or \"reuploaded\".",
+        "assignmentId": "Internal assignment ID.",
+        "submissionId": "Internal submission ID.",
+        "timestamp": "When the submission was uploaded."
+      }
+    }
+  },
+  "types": {
+    "emailGeneral": "Email - General",
+    "emailStudySession": "Email - Study Session",
+    "emailAssignment": "Email - Assignment",
+    "documentGeneral": "Document - General",
+    "documentStudy": "Document - Study",
+    "emailStudyClose": "Email - Study Close",
+    "emailSubmissionUpload": "Email - Submission upload"
+  },
+  "editor": {
+    "newLanguage": "New language",
+    "createEmpty": "Create Empty",
+    "copyContent": "Copy Content",
+    "language": "Language",
+    "newLanguageMessage": "A new language is being added for this template. Copy current content into this language?<br><br><strong>Leaving the current language will save the content in it.</strong>",
+    "leave": {
+        "missingPlaceholdersConfirm": "This template is missing required placeholders, so your changes will not be saved."
+    },
+    "toasts": {
+        "templateSaveFailed": "Template save failed",
+        "templateDiscardFailed": "Could not discard template changes",
+        "failedToLoadTemplate": "Failed to load template",
+        "failedToAddLanguage": "Failed to add language",
+        "noCursorPosition": {
+        "title": "No Cursor Position",
+        "message": "Please click in the editor to set the cursor position before inserting a placeholder."
+        },
+        "previousEditFailed": "Previous edit failed; try again",
+        "templateError": "Template Error"
+    }
+  },
+  "dashboard": {
+    "title": "Templates",
+    "browsePublicTemplates": "Browse public templates",
+    "publicTemplates": "Public Templates",
+    "addNewTemplate": "Add new template",
+    "addTemplate": "Add Template",
+    "chooseType": "Choose Type",
+    "actions": {
+        "editTemplate": "Edit template",
+        "editContent": "Edit content",
+        "viewContentReadOnly": "View content (read-only)",
+        "publishTemplate": "Publish template",
+        "publishedCannotBeUnpublished": "Published (cannot be unpublished)",
+        "sourceUpdated": "Source updated",
+        "deleteTemplate": "Delete template"
+    },
+    "status": {
+        "published": "Published",
+        "draft": "Draft",
+        "updateAvailable": "Update available",
+        "sourceUnavailable": "Source unavailable"
+    },
+    "toasts": {
+        "templateDetached": {
+        "title": "Template detached",
+        "message": "You can now edit this template"
+        },
+        "detachFailed": "Detach failed",
+        "templateDeleteFailed": "Template delete failed"
+    },
+    "confirmDelete": {
+        "title": "Delete Template",
+        "message": "Are you sure you want to delete \"{name}\"?"
+    }
+  },
+  "publicTemplates": {
+    "title": "Public Templates",
+    "description": "Browse published templates from other users. Copy a template to add it to your own list.",
+    "alreadyCopied": "Already copied",
+    "viewContentReadOnly": "View content (read-only)",
+    "copyToMyTemplates": "Copy to my templates",
+    "success": {
+      "title": "Template copied",
+      "message": "Template copied to your list"
+    },
+    "errors": {
+      "copyFailed": "Copy failed"
+    }
+  },
+  "publishModal": {
+    "title": "Publish Template",
+    "success": {
+      "published": "Template successfully published!",
+      "visibility": "The template is now {visibility}.",
+      "title": "Template published"
+    },
+    "emailTemplateVisibilityInfo": "Email templates are only {visibility} after publishing.",
+    "confirmQuestion": "Do you really want to publish the template?",
+    "cannotBeUndone": "This can not be undone!",
+    "confirmPublish": "Yes, publish it!",
+    "visibility": {
+      "administrators": "visible to other administrators",
+      "allUsers": "visible to all users"
+    },
+    "errors": {
+      "notPublished": "Template not published"
+    }
+  },
+  "detachModal": {
+    "title": "Edit Copy",
+    "description": "Editing this template will detach it from the source. You will no longer receive updates from the original template. Continue?"
+  },
+  "modal": {
+    "title": "Template",
+    "errors": {
+      "typeRequired": {
+        "title": "Type required",
+        "message": "Please choose a template type"
+      },
+      "operationFailed": "Template operation failed"
+    },
+    "success": {
+      "updated": "Template updated",
+      "created": "Template created"
+    }
+  },
+  "updateModal": {
+    "title": "Source template has been updated",
+    "description": "Replace your copy with the latest content, or create a new copy and detach the current one.",
+    "makeNewCopyWarning": "Make new copy: your current copy will be detached and will no longer receive updates.",
+    "makeNewCopy": "Make new copy",
+    "success": {
+      "updatedTitle": "Template updated",
+      "updatedMessage": "Content has been updated from the source template",
+      "copiedTitle": "Template copied",
+      "copiedMessage": "A new copy has been created. Your previous copy has been detached."
+    },
+    "errors": {
+      "updateFailed": "Update failed",
+      "copyFailed": "Copy failed"
+    }
+  },
+  "fields": {
+    "name": {
+      "label": "Name"
+    },
+    "description": {
+      "label": "Description"
+    },
+    "type": {
+      "label": "Type",
+      "options": {
+        "chooseType": "Choose type",
+        "emailGeneral": "Email - General",
+        "emailStudySession": "Email - Study Session",
+        "emailAssignment": "Email - Assignment",
+        "emailStudyClose": "Email - Study Close",
+        "emailSubmissionUpload": "Email - Submission upload",
+        "documentGeneral": "Document - General",
+        "documentStudy": "Document - Study"
+      }
+    },
+    "defaultLanguage": {
+      "label": "Default language"
+    }
+  }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/utils/modules/i18n/en/users.json b/utils/modules/i18n/en/users.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3d294ed99
--- /dev/null
+++ b/utils/modules/i18n/en/users.json
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+{
+  "title": "Users",
+  "downloadUsers": "Download Users",
+  "assignRoles": "Assign Roles",
+  "uploadPassword": "Upload Password",
+  "importCsv": "Import CSV",
+  "importViaMoodle": "Import via Moodle",
+  "addUser": "Add User",
+  "editUser": "Edit User",
+  "viewRights": "View Rights",
+  "resetPassword": "Reset Password",
+  "deleteUser": "Delete User",
+  "columns": {
+    "firstName": "First Name",
+    "lastName": "Last Name",
+    "userName": "User",
+    "email": "Email",
+    "acceptTerms": "Accept Terms",
+    "acceptStats": "Accept Stats",
+    "acceptDataSharing": "Accept Data Sharing",
+    "verified": "Verified",
+    "lastLogin": "Last Login",
+    "roles": "Roles"
+  },
+  "messages": {
+    "deleteConfirm": "Are you sure you want to delete this user?",
+    "deleteTitle": "Delete User",
+    "userDeleted": "User deleted",
+    "userDeletedMessage": "User has been deleted"
+  },
+  "stats": {
+    "exportCsv": "Export as CSV",
+    "exportJson": "Export as JSON",
+    "userStatsTitle": "Stats for {count} User | Stats for {count} Users",
+    "columns": {
+      "user": "User",
+      "id": "ID",
+      "lastLogin": "Last Login",
+      "time": "Time",
+      "action": "Action",
+      "data": "Data"
+    },
+    "toasts": {
+      "exportFailedTitle": "Export Failed",
+      "exportFailedMessage": "Export failed."
+    }
+  },
+  "roles": {
+    "teacher": "teacher",
+    "mentor": "mentor",
+    "student": "student",
+    "guest": "guest",
+    "user": "user",
+    "admin": "admin"
+  },
+  "liveSessions": "Live Sessions",
+  "viewSessions": "View Sessions",
+  "activeSessions": {
+      "title": "Active Sessions",
+      "filteredUser": "Filtered user:",
+      "activeUsers": "{count} active user(s)",
+      "socketId": "Socket ID",
+      "userId": "User ID",
+      "connectedAt": "Connected At",
+      "browser": "Browser"
+  },
+  "rights": {
+    "assignRights": "Assign Rights",
+    "managementTitle": "Rights Management",
+    "manageRightsFor": "Manage rights for",
+    "role": "role",
+    "selectRightsNote": "Select the rights for this role. Note: All users have basic {userRole} rights by default.",
+    "selectRole": "Select Role",
+    "manageRights": "Manage Rights",
+    "rightName": "Right Name",
+    "chooseRoleDescription": "Choose a role to assign to the user.",
+    "updatedTitle": "Role Rights Updated",
+    "updatedMessage": "Role rights have been successfully updated",
+    "errors": {
+      "loadAvailableRightsFailed": "Failed to load available rights",
+      "loadRoleRightsFailed": "Failed to load role rights",
+      "assignRoleRightsFailed": "Failed to assign role rights"
+    }
+  },
+  "roleManagement": {
+    "title": "Create Role",
+    "fields": {
+      "name": {
+        "label": "Role Name",
+        "placeholder": "Enter role name",
+        "description": "Create a new system role."
+      },
+      "description": {
+        "placeholder": "Optional role description"
+      }
+    },
+    "buttons": {
+      "create": "Create Role"
+    },
+    "toasts": {
+      "alreadyExists": {
+        "title": "Role already exists",
+        "message": "A role with this name already exists."
+      },
+      "createSuccess": {
+        "title": "Role created",
+        "message": "Role has been successfully created."
+      },
+      "createFailed": "Failed to create role"
+    }
+  }
+}
+
diff --git a/utils/modules/i18n/en/workflow.json b/utils/modules/i18n/en/workflow.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..43c09e25c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/utils/modules/i18n/en/workflow.json
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+{
+  "inspectStep": "Inspect Step",
+  "general": "General",
+  "stepType": "Step Type",
+  "navigation": "Navigation",
+  "previousStep": "Previous Step",
+  "allowBackward": "Allow Backward",
+  "documentReference": "Document Reference",
+  "firstStep": "First step",
+  "configuration": "Configuration",
+  "noConfigurationDefined": "No configuration defined.",
+  "stepTypes": {
+    "annotator": "Annotator",
+    "editor": "Editor",
+    "modal": "Modal"
+  },
+  "dashboard": {
+    "title": "Workflows",
+    "addWorkflow": "Add Workflow",
+    "exportWorkflows": "Export Workflows",
+    "exportAll": "Export All",
+    "importWorkflows": "Import Workflows",
+    "types": {
+      "system": "System",
+      "user": "User"
+    },
+    "columns": {
+      "hidden": "Hidden"
+    },
+    "actions": {
+      "copyWorkflow": "Copy Workflow",
+      "editWorkflow": "Edit Workflow",
+      "renameWorkflow": "Rename Workflow",
+      "exportWorkflow": "Export Workflow",
+      "toggleHidden": "Toggle Hidden",
+      "deleteWorkflow": "Delete Workflow"
+    },
+    "visibility": {
+      "hidden": "hidden",
+      "visible": "visible"
+    },
+    "toasts": {
+      "workflowUpdated": {
+        "title": "Workflow Updated",
+        "message": "Workflow is now {state} in frontend"
+      },
+      "updateFailed": "Update Failed",
+      "workflowDeleted": {
+        "title": "Workflow Deleted",
+        "message": "Workflow has been deleted"
+      },
+      "deleteFailed": "Delete Failed"
+    },
+    "confirmDelete": {
+      "title": "Delete Workflow",
+      "message": "Are you sure you want to delete the workflow \"{name}\"?",
+      "warning": "This action cannot be undone."
+    }
+  },
+  "exportFormatModal": {
+    "title": "Export Workflows",
+    "json": {
+      "title": "JSON Format",
+      "description": "Standard JSON format with proper formatting"
+    },
+    "yaml": {
+      "title": "YAML Format",
+      "description": "Human-readable YAML format"
+    },
+    "success": {
+      "title": "Export Successful",
+      "single": "Workflow exported successfully in {format} format",
+      "multiple": "Workflows exported successfully in {format} format"
+    }
+  },
+  "importFormatModal": {
+    "title": "Import Workflows",
+    "selectWorkflowFile": "Select workflow file (JSON or YAML):",
+    "selectedFile": "Selected: {file}",
+    "selectWorkflowsPrefix": "Select which workflows to import from",
+    "confirmQuestion": "Are you sure you want to import the following workflows?",
+    "stepCount": "{count} step(s)",
+    "steps": {
+      "fileSelection": "File Selection",
+      "workflowSelection": "Workflow Selection",
+      "confirmation": "Confirmation"
+    },
+    "table": {
+      "steps": "Steps",
+      "hidden": "Hidden"
+    },
+    "errors": {
+      "parseFileFailed": "Failed to parse file: {message}",
+      "readFileFailed": "Failed to read file",
+      "importError": "Import Error",
+      "importStepFailed": "Failed to import step \"{step}\": {message}",
+      "importWorkflowFailed": "Failed to import workflow \"{workflow}\": {message}"
+    },
+    "success": {
+      "title": "Import Successful",
+      "single": "{count} workflow imported successfully!",
+      "multiple": "{count} workflows imported successfully!"
+    }
+  },
+  "createModal": {
+    "title": "Workflow",
+    "success": {
+      "linkCopied": {
+        "title": "Link copied",
+        "message": "Workflow link copied to clipboard!"
+      }
+    },
+    "errors": {
+      "linkNotCopied": {
+        "title": "Link not copied",
+        "message": "Could not copy workflow link to clipboard!"
+      }
+    }
+  },
+  "editModal": {
+    "title": "Edit Workflow: {name}",
+    "workflow": "Workflow",
+    "description": "Description",
+    "copiedStep": "Copied Step",
+    "copiedStepValue": "{name} ({type})",
+    "unnamedStep": "Unnamed step",
+    "loadingWorkflow": "Loading workflow...",
+    "loadingWorkflowGraph": "Loading workflow graph...",
+    "savingChanges": "Saving changes...",
+    "stepTypes": {
+      "annotater": "Annotater",
+      "editor": "Editor",
+      "modal": "Modal",
+      "annotaterStep": "Annotater Step",
+      "editorStep": "Editor Step",
+      "modalStep": "Modal Step"
+    },
+    "errors": {
+      "saveFailed": "Save Failed",
+      "saveStepFailed": "Failed to save step"
+    }
+  },
+  "renameModal": {
+    "title": "Rename Workflow",
+    "description": "This will rename the existing workflow.",
+    "currentWorkflow": "Current Workflow",
+    "renamingWorkflow": "Renaming workflow...",
+    "renameWorkflow": "Rename Workflow",
+    "form": {
+      "newWorkflowName": "New Workflow Name",
+      "enterNewWorkflowName": "Enter new workflow name"
+    },
+    "errors": {
+      "workflowNotFound": {
+        "title": "Error",
+        "message": "Workflow not found"
+      },
+      "creationFailed": "Creation Failed",
+      "hideOriginalFailed": "Hide Original Failed",
+      "renameFailed": "Rename Failed",
+      "renameFailedMessage": "Failed to rename workflow"
+    },
+    "success": {
+      "title": "Workflow Renamed",
+      "message": "Workflow \"{oldName}\" has been renamed to \"{newName}\""
+    }
+  },
+  "fields": {
+    "name": {
+      "label": "Name of the Workflow:",
+      "placeholder": "My workflow"
+    },
+    "description": {
+      "label": "Description of the Workflow:",
+      "placeholder": "Workflow description"
+    },
+    "hideInFrontend": {
+      "label": "Hide Workflow in Frontend:",
+      "help": "If enabled, this workflow will be hidden from users in the frontend."
+    },
+    "step": {
+      "name": {
+        "label": "Name of the workflow step:",
+        "placeholder": "My workflow step"
+      },
+      "stepType": {
+        "label": "Select Step Type:",
+        "help": "Choose the type of workflow step."
+      },
+      "allowBackward": {
+        "label": "Allow Backward Navigation:",
+        "help": "Allow users to navigate back to this step."
+      },
+      "configuration": {
+        "label": "Configuration:",
+        "placeholder": "Enter JSON configuration for this step",
+        "help": "Additional configuration settings for this workflow step in JSON format."
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/utils/modules/i18n/i18n-bundles.js b/utils/modules/i18n/i18n-bundles.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..333a7b108
--- /dev/null
+++ b/utils/modules/i18n/i18n-bundles.js
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+/**
+ * Bundles translation namespaces per UI language for vue-i18n.
+ */
+import en from './en/index.js'
+import de from './de/index.js'
+
+const i18nBundles = { en, de }
+
+export { en, de, i18nBundles }
+export default i18nBundles
diff --git a/utils/modules/i18n/index.js b/utils/modules/i18n/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ce055e5ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/utils/modules/i18n/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+/**
+ * Shared i18n module
+ *
+ * Single source of truth for translations used by both frontend and backend.
+ *
+ * Frontend (via Vite alias `@i18n`):
+ *   import i18nBundles from '@i18n/i18n-bundles.js';
+ *   // pass as `messages` to vue-i18n createI18n()
+ *
+ * Backend (CommonJS):
+ *   const { t, hasKey, messages } = require('../../utils/modules/i18n');
+ */
+
+const en = require('./en');
+const de = require('./de');
+
+const messages = { en, de };
+
+// ── helpers (used by backend; frontend uses vue-i18n instead) ──
+
+function flattenObject(obj, prefix = '') {
+    const result = {};
+    for (const key of Object.keys(obj)) {
+        const value = obj[key];
+        const newKey = prefix ? `${prefix}.${key}` : key;
+        if (value && typeof value === 'object' && !Array.isArray(value)) {
+            Object.assign(result, flattenObject(value, newKey));
+        } else {
+            result[newKey] = value;
+        }
+    }
+    return result;
+}
+
+const flatCache = {};
+function getFlat(locale) {
+    if (!flatCache[locale]) {
+        flatCache[locale] = flattenObject(messages[locale] || messages.en);
+    }
+    return flatCache[locale];
+}
+
+function interpolate(text, params) {
+    if (!text || typeof text !== 'string') return text;
+    return text.replace(/\{(\w+)\}/g, (match, k) =>
+        Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(params, k) ? String(params[k]) : match
+    );
+}
+
+/**
+ * Translate a dot-notation key with optional interpolation.
+ * @param {string} key   e.g. 'errors.auth.invalidCredentials'
+ * @param {Object} params  e.g. { skill: 'summarization' }
+ * @param {string} locale  defaults to 'en'
+ * @returns {string}
+ */
+function t(key, params = {}, locale = 'en') {
+    const flat = getFlat(locale);
+    if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(flat, key)) {
+        return interpolate(flat[key], params);
+    }
+    return key;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Check whether a translation key exists.
+ */
+function hasKey(key, locale = 'en') {
+    return Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(getFlat(locale), key);
+}
+
+module.exports = { messages, t, hasKey };
diff --git a/utils/modules/i18n/package.json b/utils/modules/i18n/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..52504ee7a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/utils/modules/i18n/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+{
+  "name": "care-i18n",
+  "version": "1.0.0",
+  "description": "Shared i18n translations for CARE frontend and backend",
+  "main": "index.js",
+  "license": "Apache-2.0"
+}