diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 39a6af9a..8d27689b 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -133,9 +133,9 @@ checksum = "c08606f8c3cbf4ce6ec8e28fb0014a2c086708fe954eaa885384a6165172e7e8"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "axum"
-version = "0.8.8"
+version = "0.8.9"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "8b52af3cb4058c895d37317bb27508dccc8e5f2d39454016b297bf4a400597b8"
+checksum = "31b698c5f9a010f6573133b09e0de5408834d0c82f8d7475a89fc1867a71cd90"
 dependencies = [
  "axum-core",
  "bytes",
@@ -225,9 +225,9 @@ checksum = "bef38d45163c2f1dde094a7dfd33ccf595c92905c8f8f4fdc18d06fb1037718a"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "bitflags"
-version = "2.11.0"
+version = "2.11.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "843867be96c8daad0d758b57df9392b6d8d271134fce549de6ce169ff98a92af"
+checksum = "c4512299f36f043ab09a583e57bceb5a5aab7a73db1805848e8fef3c9e8c78b3"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "block"
@@ -362,7 +362,7 @@ version = "0.2.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "81411967c50ee9a1fc11365f8c585f863a22a9697c89239c452292c40ba79b0d"
 dependencies = [
- "bitflags 2.11.0",
+ "bitflags 2.11.1",
  "block",
  "core-foundation 0.10.1",
  "core-graphics-types",
@@ -377,7 +377,7 @@ checksum = "1d07550c9036bf2ae0c684c4297d503f838287c83c53686d05370d0e139ae570"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "controller-events-receiver"
-version = "0.1.0"
+version = "0.2.0"
 dependencies = [
  "clap",
  "tokio",
@@ -389,7 +389,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "controller-events-sse-receiver"
-version = "0.1.0"
+version = "0.2.0"
 dependencies = [
  "askama",
  "axum",
@@ -455,7 +455,7 @@ version = "0.2.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "3d44a101f213f6c4cdc1853d4b78aef6db6bdfa3468798cc1d9912f4735013eb"
 dependencies = [
- "bitflags 2.11.0",
+ "bitflags 2.11.1",
  "core-foundation 0.10.1",
  "libc",
 ]
@@ -1083,9 +1083,9 @@ checksum = "8f42a60cbdf9a97f5d2305f08a87dc4e09308d1276d28c869c684d7777685682"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "js-sys"
-version = "0.3.94"
+version = "0.3.95"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "2e04e2ef80ce82e13552136fabeef8a5ed1f985a96805761cbb9a2c34e7664d9"
+checksum = "2964e92d1d9dc3364cae4d718d93f227e3abb088e747d92e0395bfdedf1c12ca"
 dependencies = [
  "cfg-if 1.0.4",
  "futures-util",
@@ -1107,9 +1107,9 @@ checksum = "830d08ce1d1d941e6b30645f1a0eb5643013d835ce3779a5fc208261dbe10f55"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "libc"
-version = "0.2.184"
+version = "0.2.185"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "48f5d2a454e16a5ea0f4ced81bd44e4cfc7bd3a507b61887c99fd3538b28e4af"
+checksum = "52ff2c0fe9bc6cb6b14a0592c2ff4fa9ceb83eea9db979b0487cd054946a2b8f"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "libloading"
@@ -1165,9 +1165,9 @@ checksum = "47e1ffaa40ddd1f3ed91f717a33c8c0ee23fff369e3aa8772b9605cc1d22f4c3"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "mdns-sd"
-version = "0.19.0"
+version = "0.19.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "451927183d65d600e52b4e877a1251e051576f84fa01e5b4a50b450dfaaa537c"
+checksum = "c2bb8ce26633738d98ffcef71ec58bff967c6675be50229823c2835f6316e67e"
 dependencies = [
  "fastrand",
  "flume 0.11.1",
@@ -1458,7 +1458,7 @@ checksum = "384b8ab6d37215f3c5301a95a4accb5d64aa607f1fcb26a11b5303878451b4fe"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "os-ip-camera"
-version = "0.1.0"
+version = "0.2.0"
 dependencies = [
  "clap",
  "image",
@@ -1475,7 +1475,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "os-light"
-version = "0.1.0"
+version = "0.2.0"
 dependencies = [
  "clap",
  "serde",
@@ -1538,7 +1538,7 @@ version = "0.18.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "60769b8b31b2a9f263dae2776c37b1b28ae246943cf719eb6946a1db05128a61"
 dependencies = [
- "bitflags 2.11.0",
+ "bitflags 2.11.1",
  "crc32fast",
  "fdeflate",
  "flate2",
@@ -1594,7 +1594,7 @@ version = "0.5.18"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "ed2bf2547551a7053d6fdfafda3f938979645c44812fbfcda098faae3f1a362d"
 dependencies = [
- "bitflags 2.11.0",
+ "bitflags 2.11.1",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1696,7 +1696,7 @@ version = "0.38.44"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "fdb5bc1ae2baa591800df16c9ca78619bf65c0488b41b96ccec5d11220d8c154"
 dependencies = [
- "bitflags 2.11.0",
+ "bitflags 2.11.1",
  "errno",
  "libc",
  "linux-raw-sys",
@@ -1964,9 +1964,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "tokio"
-version = "1.51.1"
+version = "1.52.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f66bf9585cda4b724d3e78ab34b73fb2bbaba9011b9bfdf69dc836382ea13b8c"
+checksum = "b67dee974fe86fd92cc45b7a95fdd2f99a36a6d7b0d431a231178d3d670bbcc6"
 dependencies = [
  "bytes",
  "libc",
@@ -2016,7 +2016,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "tosca"
-version = "0.1.1"
+version = "0.2.0"
 dependencies = [
  "hashbrown",
  "indexmap",
@@ -2027,7 +2027,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "tosca-controller"
-version = "0.1.1"
+version = "0.2.0"
 dependencies = [
  "bytes",
  "flume 0.12.0",
@@ -2050,7 +2050,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "tosca-drivers"
-version = "0.1.1"
+version = "0.2.0"
 dependencies = [
  "embedded-hal 1.0.0",
  "embedded-hal-async",
@@ -2060,7 +2060,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "tosca-os"
-version = "0.1.1"
+version = "0.2.0"
 dependencies = [
  "axum",
  "futures-core",
@@ -2095,7 +2095,7 @@ version = "0.6.8"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "d4e6559d53cc268e5031cd8429d05415bc4cb4aefc4aa5d6cc35fbf5b924a1f8"
 dependencies = [
- "bitflags 2.11.0",
+ "bitflags 2.11.1",
  "bytes",
  "futures-core",
  "futures-util",
@@ -2245,9 +2245,9 @@ checksum = "ccf3ec651a847eb01de73ccad15eb7d99f80485de043efb2f370cd654f4ea44b"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasm-bindgen"
-version = "0.2.117"
+version = "0.2.118"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "0551fc1bb415591e3372d0bc4780db7e587d84e2a7e79da121051c5c4b89d0b0"
+checksum = "0bf938a0bacb0469e83c1e148908bd7d5a6010354cf4fb73279b7447422e3a89"
 dependencies = [
  "cfg-if 1.0.4",
  "once_cell",
@@ -2258,9 +2258,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasm-bindgen-futures"
-version = "0.4.67"
+version = "0.4.68"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "03623de6905b7206edd0a75f69f747f134b7f0a2323392d664448bf2d3c5d87e"
+checksum = "f371d383f2fb139252e0bfac3b81b265689bf45b6874af544ffa4c975ac1ebf8"
 dependencies = [
  "js-sys",
  "wasm-bindgen",
@@ -2268,9 +2268,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasm-bindgen-macro"
-version = "0.2.117"
+version = "0.2.118"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7fbdf9a35adf44786aecd5ff89b4563a90325f9da0923236f6104e603c7e86be"
+checksum = "eeff24f84126c0ec2db7a449f0c2ec963c6a49efe0698c4242929da037ca28ed"
 dependencies = [
  "quote",
  "wasm-bindgen-macro-support",
@@ -2278,9 +2278,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasm-bindgen-macro-support"
-version = "0.2.117"
+version = "0.2.118"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "dca9693ef2bab6d4e6707234500350d8dad079eb508dca05530c85dc3a529ff2"
+checksum = "9d08065faf983b2b80a79fd87d8254c409281cf7de75fc4b773019824196c904"
 dependencies = [
  "bumpalo",
  "proc-macro2",
@@ -2291,9 +2291,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasm-bindgen-shared"
-version = "0.2.117"
+version = "0.2.118"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "39129a682a6d2d841b6c429d0c51e5cb0ed1a03829d8b3d1e69a011e62cb3d3b"
+checksum = "5fd04d9e306f1907bd13c6361b5c6bfc7b3b3c095ed3f8a9246390f8dbdee129"
 dependencies = [
  "unicode-ident",
 ]
@@ -2313,9 +2313,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "web-sys"
-version = "0.3.94"
+version = "0.3.95"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "cd70027e39b12f0849461e08ffc50b9cd7688d942c1c8e3c7b22273236b4dd0a"
+checksum = "4f2dfbb17949fa2088e5d39408c48368947b86f7834484e87b73de55bc14d97d"
 dependencies = [
  "js-sys",
  "wasm-bindgen",
diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index cb5f350a..78761ea9 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ members = ["crates/*", "examples/*"]
 exclude = ["crates/tosca-esp32c3"]
 
 [workspace.package]
-version = "0.1.1"
+version = "0.2.0"
 authors = ["Michele Valsesia <michele.valsesia@toscalabs.org>"]
 description = "A versatile, customizable, and secure IoT framework."
 edition = "2024"
@@ -18,10 +18,10 @@ rust-version = "1.90"
 readme = "README.md"
 
 [workspace.dependencies]
-tosca = { version = "0.1.1", path = "crates/tosca", default-features = false }
-tosca-os = { version = "0.1.1", path = "crates/tosca-os", default-features = false }
-tosca-drivers = { version = "0.1.1", path = "crates/tosca-drivers", default-features = false }
-tosca-controller = { version = "0.1.1", path = "crates/tosca-controller" }
+tosca = { version = "0.2.0", path = "crates/tosca", default-features = false }
+tosca-os = { version = "0.2.0", path = "crates/tosca-os", default-features = false }
+tosca-drivers = { version = "0.2.0", path = "crates/tosca-drivers", default-features = false }
+tosca-controller = { version = "0.2.0", path = "crates/tosca-controller" }
 
 hashbrown = { version = "0.17", default-features = false, features = ["default-hasher"] }
 indexmap = { version = "2.12", default-features = false }
diff --git a/crates/tosca-controller/src/controller.rs b/crates/tosca-controller/src/controller.rs
index cc5ac449..0fdb8a4c 100644
--- a/crates/tosca-controller/src/controller.rs
+++ b/crates/tosca-controller/src/controller.rs
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ impl RequestSender<'_> {
     /// and affect the returned response as well.
     pub async fn send_with_parameters(
         &self,
-        parameters: &ParametersValues<'_>,
+        parameters: &ParametersValues,
     ) -> Result<Response, Error> {
         if self.request.parameters_data.is_empty() {
             warn!("The request does not have input parameters.");
@@ -349,9 +349,9 @@ mod tests {
     use crate::policy::Policy;
     use crate::response::Response;
 
-    use crate::device::tests::{create_light, create_unknown};
+    use crate::device::tests::{create_custom_device, create_light};
     use crate::discovery::tests::configure_discovery;
-    use crate::tests::{Brightness, check_function_with_device};
+    use crate::tests::{Brightness, light_with_toggle, run_one_device};
 
     use super::{Controller, DeviceSender, RequestSender, sender_error};
 
@@ -374,7 +374,7 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn controller_from_devices() {
-        let devices = Devices::from_devices(vec![create_light(), create_unknown()]);
+        let devices = Devices::from_devices(vec![create_light(), create_custom_device()]);
 
         let controller = Controller::from_devices(configure_discovery(), devices);
 
@@ -382,7 +382,7 @@ mod tests {
             controller,
             Controller {
                 discovery: configure_discovery(),
-                devices: Devices::from_devices(vec![create_light(), create_unknown()]),
+                devices: Devices::from_devices(vec![create_light(), create_custom_device()]),
                 privacy_policy: Policy::init(),
             }
         );
@@ -398,7 +398,7 @@ mod tests {
     async fn check_ok_response_with_parameters(
         device_sender: &DeviceSender<'_>,
         route: &str,
-        parameters: &ParametersValues<'_>,
+        parameters: &ParametersValues,
     ) {
         check_ok_response(device_sender, route, async move |request_sender| {
             request_sender.send_with_parameters(parameters).await
@@ -447,7 +447,7 @@ mod tests {
     >(
         device_sender: &DeviceSender<'_>,
         route: &str,
-        parameters: &ParametersValues<'_>,
+        parameters: &ParametersValues,
         value: T,
     ) {
         check_serial_response(
@@ -573,7 +573,7 @@ mod tests {
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    async fn run_controller_function<F, Fut>(name: &str, function: F)
+    async fn controller_test<F, Fut>(name: &str, function: F)
     where
         F: FnOnce() -> Fut,
         Fut: Future<Output = ()>,
@@ -584,9 +584,14 @@ mod tests {
                 name
             );
         } else {
-            check_function_with_device(|| async {
-                function().await;
-            })
+            run_one_device(
+                |close_rx| async {
+                    light_with_toggle(close_rx).await;
+                },
+                || async {
+                    function().await;
+                },
+            )
             .await;
         }
     }
@@ -594,7 +599,7 @@ mod tests {
     #[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread", worker_threads = 2)]
     #[serial]
     async fn test_without_policy_controller() {
-        run_controller_function("controller_without_policy", || async {
+        controller_test("controller_without_policy", || async {
             controller_without_policy().await;
         })
         .await;
@@ -603,7 +608,7 @@ mod tests {
     #[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread", worker_threads = 2)]
     #[serial]
     async fn test_with_policy_controller() {
-        run_controller_function("controller_with_policy", || async {
+        controller_test("controller_with_policy", || async {
             controller_with_policy().await;
         })
         .await;
diff --git a/crates/tosca-controller/src/device.rs b/crates/tosca-controller/src/device.rs
index 00f352bd..313dfe56 100644
--- a/crates/tosca-controller/src/device.rs
+++ b/crates/tosca-controller/src/device.rs
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ use serde::Serialize;
 use tokio::sync::broadcast::{self, Receiver};
 use tokio::task::JoinHandle;
 
-use tosca::device::{DeviceEnvironment, DeviceKindId};
+use tosca::device::{DeviceEnvironment, DeviceSchemeOwned};
 use tosca::events::{Events as ToscaEvents, EventsDescription};
 use tosca::route::RouteConfigs;
 
@@ -84,13 +84,13 @@ impl NetworkInformation {
     }
 }
 
-/// Device description.
+/// Device metadata.
 ///
 /// All properties defining a device.
 #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Serialize)]
-pub struct Description {
-    /// Device kind.
-    pub kind: DeviceKindId,
+pub struct Metadata {
+    /// Device scheme.
+    pub scheme: DeviceSchemeOwned,
     /// Device environment.
     pub environment: DeviceEnvironment,
     /// Device main route.
@@ -100,16 +100,16 @@ pub struct Description {
     pub description: Option<String>,
 }
 
-impl Description {
-    /// Creates a [`Description`].
+impl Metadata {
+    /// Creates a [`Metadata`].
     #[must_use]
     pub const fn new(
-        kind: DeviceKindId,
+        scheme: DeviceSchemeOwned,
         environment: DeviceEnvironment,
         main_route: String,
     ) -> Self {
         Self {
-            kind,
+            scheme,
             environment,
             main_route,
             #[cfg(feature = "metadata")]
@@ -132,8 +132,8 @@ impl Description {
 pub struct Device {
     // Information needed to contact a device in a network.
     network_info: NetworkInformation,
-    // All data needed to describe a device.
-    description: Description,
+    // All metadata needed to describe a device.
+    metadata: Metadata,
     // All device requests.
     requests: HashMap<String, Request>,
     // All device events.
@@ -149,13 +149,13 @@ pub struct Device {
 impl PartialEq for Device {
     fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
         self.network_info == other.network_info
-            && self.description == other.description
+            && self.metadata == other.metadata
             && self.requests == other.requests
     }
 }
 
 impl Device {
-    /// Creates a [`Device`] from [`NetworkInformation`], [`Description`],
+    /// Creates a [`Device`] from [`NetworkInformation`], [`Metadata`],
     /// and [`RouteConfigs`].
     ///
     /// This method can be useful when creating a device from data stored
@@ -163,14 +163,14 @@ impl Device {
     #[must_use]
     pub fn new(
         network_info: NetworkInformation,
-        description: Description,
+        metadata: Metadata,
         route_configs: RouteConfigs,
     ) -> Self {
         let requests = create_requests(
             route_configs,
             &network_info.last_reachable_address,
-            &description.main_route,
-            description.environment,
+            &metadata.main_route,
+            metadata.environment,
         );
 
         // TODO: Check if the last reachable address works or it is better to
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ impl Device {
 
         Self {
             network_info,
-            description,
+            metadata,
             requests,
             events: None,
             event_handle: None,
@@ -192,10 +192,10 @@ impl Device {
         &self.network_info
     }
 
-    /// Returns an immutable reference to [`Description`].
+    /// Returns an immutable reference to [`Metadata`].
     #[must_use]
-    pub const fn description(&self) -> &Description {
-        &self.description
+    pub const fn metadata(&self) -> &Metadata {
+        &self.metadata
     }
 
     /// Returns an immutable reference to [`EventsDescription`].
@@ -300,13 +300,13 @@ impl Device {
 
     pub(crate) const fn init(
         network_info: NetworkInformation,
-        description: Description,
+        metadata: Metadata,
         requests: HashMap<String, Request>,
         events: Option<Events>,
     ) -> Self {
         Self {
             network_info,
-            description,
+            metadata,
             requests,
             events,
             event_handle: None,
@@ -407,12 +407,14 @@ impl Devices {
 pub(crate) mod tests {
     use std::collections::{HashMap, HashSet};
 
-    use tosca::device::{DeviceEnvironment, DeviceKindId};
+    use tosca::device::{
+        DeviceEnvironment, DeviceScheme, DeviceSchemeOwned, schemes::LIGHT_SCHEME,
+    };
     use tosca::hazards::{Hazard, Hazards};
     use tosca::parameters::Parameters;
     use tosca::route::{Route, RouteConfigs};
 
-    use super::{Description, Device, Devices, NetworkInformation, build_device_address};
+    use super::{Device, Devices, Metadata, NetworkInformation, build_device_address};
 
     fn create_network_info(address: &str, port: u16) -> NetworkInformation {
         let ip_address = address.parse().unwrap();
@@ -437,21 +439,25 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
         .ethernet_mac([0x06, 0xAA, 0xBB, 0xCC, 0xDD, 0xEE])
     }
 
-    fn create_description(
-        device_kind: DeviceKindId,
+    fn define_device_metadata(
+        device_scheme: DeviceScheme,
         main_route: &str,
         #[cfg(feature = "metadata")] description: Option<&str>,
-    ) -> Description {
-        let desc = Description::new(device_kind, DeviceEnvironment::Os, main_route.into());
+    ) -> Metadata {
+        let meta = Metadata::new(
+            DeviceSchemeOwned::from(device_scheme),
+            DeviceEnvironment::Os,
+            main_route.into(),
+        );
         #[cfg(feature = "metadata")]
-        let desc = desc.description(description.map(std::convert::Into::into));
-        desc
+        let meta = meta.description(description.map(std::convert::Into::into));
+        meta
     }
 
     pub(crate) fn create_light() -> Device {
         let network_info = create_network_info("192.168.1.174", 5000);
-        let description = create_description(
-            DeviceKindId::new("Light"),
+        let metadata = define_device_metadata(
+            LIGHT_SCHEME,
             "light/",
             #[cfg(feature = "metadata")]
             Some("A smart light"),
@@ -479,13 +485,13 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
             .insert(light_off_route.serialize_data())
             .insert(toggle_route.serialize_data());
 
-        Device::new(network_info, description, route_configs)
+        Device::new(network_info, metadata, route_configs)
     }
 
-    pub(crate) fn create_unknown() -> Device {
+    pub(crate) fn create_custom_device() -> Device {
         let network_info = create_network_info("192.168.1.176", 5500);
-        let description = create_description(
-            DeviceKindId::new("Unknown"),
+        let description = define_device_metadata(
+            DeviceScheme::base_custom_scheme("Thermostat"),
             "ip-camera/",
             #[cfg(feature = "metadata")]
             None,
@@ -518,7 +524,7 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn check_devices() {
-        let devices_vector = vec![create_light(), create_unknown()];
+        let devices_vector = vec![create_light(), create_custom_device()];
 
         let devices_from_vector = Devices::from_devices(devices_vector);
 
@@ -528,7 +534,7 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
         assert!(devices.is_empty());
 
         devices.add(create_light());
-        devices.add(create_unknown());
+        devices.add(create_custom_device());
 
         // Compare devices created with two different methods.
         assert_eq!(devices_from_vector, devices);
@@ -543,6 +549,6 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
         assert_eq!(devices.get(1000), None);
 
         // Get a reference to a device. The order is important.
-        assert_eq!(devices.get(1), Some(&create_unknown()));
+        assert_eq!(devices.get(1), Some(&create_custom_device()));
     }
 }
diff --git a/crates/tosca-controller/src/discovery.rs b/crates/tosca-controller/src/discovery.rs
index c9c50ee9..cbc17a91 100644
--- a/crates/tosca-controller/src/discovery.rs
+++ b/crates/tosca-controller/src/discovery.rs
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ use std::borrow::Cow;
 use std::net::IpAddr;
 use std::time::Duration;
 
-use tosca::device::DeviceDescription;
+use tosca::device::{DeviceDescription, DeviceKind};
 
 use flume::RecvTimeoutError;
 
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ use tokio::time::sleep;
 
 use tracing::{info, warn};
 
-use crate::device::{Description, Device, Devices, NetworkInformation, build_device_address};
+use crate::device::{Device, Devices, Metadata, NetworkInformation, build_device_address};
 use crate::error::Error;
 use crate::events::Events;
 use crate::request::create_requests;
@@ -61,6 +61,7 @@ pub struct Discovery {
     disable_ipv6: bool,
     disable_ip: Option<IpAddr>,
     disable_network_interface: Option<&'static str>,
+    strict_mode: bool,
 }
 
 impl Discovery {
@@ -76,6 +77,7 @@ impl Discovery {
             disable_ipv6: false,
             disable_ip: None,
             disable_network_interface: None,
+            strict_mode: false,
         }
     }
 
@@ -137,11 +139,25 @@ impl Discovery {
         self
     }
 
+    /// Enables strict mode on the controller.
+    ///
+    /// In strict mode, only devices with a predefined
+    /// [`tosca::device::DeviceScheme`] are accepted.
+    ///
+    /// When this mode is active, **all** devices with a custom structure
+    /// are discarded, keeping in memory only devices that adhere to a
+    /// determined [`tosca::device::DeviceScheme`].
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn strict_mode(mut self) -> Self {
+        self.strict_mode = true;
+        self
+    }
+
     pub(crate) async fn discover(&self) -> Result<Devices, Error> {
         // Discover devices.
         let discovery_info = self.discover_devices().await?;
 
-        Self::obtain_devices_data(discovery_info).await
+        Self::obtain_devices_data(discovery_info, self.strict_mode).await
     }
 
     async fn discover_devices(&self) -> Result<Vec<ResolvedService>, Error> {
@@ -223,6 +239,7 @@ impl Discovery {
 
     async fn obtain_devices_data(
         discovery_service: Vec<ResolvedService>,
+        strict_mode: bool,
     ) -> Result<Devices, Error> {
         // Devices collection.
         let mut devices = Devices::new();
@@ -263,6 +280,15 @@ impl Discovery {
                             continue;
                         }
 
+                        if let DeviceKind::Custom(kind) = device_desc.data.scheme.kind()
+                            && strict_mode
+                        {
+                            warn!(
+                                "Strict mode is enabled and the device is a custom `{kind}`, therefore discarding it"
+                            );
+                            continue;
+                        }
+
                         let requests = create_requests(
                             device_desc.route_configs,
                             &complete_address,
@@ -270,8 +296,8 @@ impl Discovery {
                             device_desc.data.environment,
                         );
 
-                        let description = Description::new(
-                            device_desc.data.kind,
+                        let description = Metadata::new(
+                            device_desc.data.scheme,
                             device_desc.data.environment,
                             device_desc.main_route.into_owned(),
                         );
@@ -363,7 +389,8 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
     use serial_test::serial;
 
     use crate::tests::{
-        DOMAIN, check_function_with_device, check_function_with_two_devices, compare_device_data,
+        DOMAIN, analyze_light_data, custom_device, light_with_toggle, light_without_toggle,
+        run_one_device, run_two_devices,
     };
 
     use super::Discovery;
@@ -375,20 +402,28 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
             .disable_network_interface("docker0")
     }
 
-    async fn discovery_comparison(devices_len: usize) {
-        let devices = configure_discovery().discover().await.unwrap();
+    #[inline]
+    async fn run_discovery(strict_mode: bool, number_of_devices: usize) {
+        let devices = if strict_mode {
+            configure_discovery().strict_mode()
+        } else {
+            configure_discovery()
+        }
+        .discover()
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
 
         // Count devices.
-        assert_eq!(devices.len(), devices_len);
+        assert_eq!(devices.len(), number_of_devices);
 
-        // Iterate over devices and compare data.
+        // Analyze light data.
         for device in devices {
-            compare_device_data(&device);
+            analyze_light_data(&device);
         }
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    async fn run_discovery_function<F, Fut>(name: &str, function: F)
+    async fn discovery_test<F, Fut>(name: &str, function: F)
     where
         F: FnOnce() -> Fut,
         Fut: Future<Output = ()>,
@@ -406,10 +441,15 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
     #[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread", worker_threads = 2)]
     #[serial]
     async fn test_single_device_discovery() {
-        run_discovery_function("discovery_with_single_device", || async {
-            check_function_with_device(|| async {
-                discovery_comparison(1).await;
-            })
+        discovery_test("discovery_with_single_device", || async {
+            run_one_device(
+                |close_rx| async {
+                    light_with_toggle(close_rx).await;
+                },
+                || async {
+                    run_discovery(false, 1).await;
+                },
+            )
             .await;
         })
         .await;
@@ -418,10 +458,38 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
     #[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread", worker_threads = 3)]
     #[serial]
     async fn test_more_devices_discovery() {
-        run_discovery_function("discovery_with_more_devices", || async {
-            check_function_with_two_devices(|| async {
-                discovery_comparison(2).await;
-            })
+        discovery_test("discovery_with_more_devices", || async {
+            run_two_devices(
+                |close_rx| async {
+                    light_with_toggle(close_rx).await;
+                },
+                |close_rx| async {
+                    light_without_toggle(close_rx).await;
+                },
+                || async {
+                    run_discovery(false, 2).await;
+                },
+            )
+            .await;
+        })
+        .await;
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread", worker_threads = 3)]
+    #[serial]
+    async fn test_more_devices_strict_discovery() {
+        discovery_test("strict_discovery_with_more_devices", || async {
+            run_two_devices(
+                |close_rx| async {
+                    light_with_toggle(close_rx).await;
+                },
+                |close_rx| async {
+                    custom_device(close_rx).await;
+                },
+                || async {
+                    run_discovery(true, 1).await;
+                },
+            )
             .await;
         })
         .await;
diff --git a/crates/tosca-controller/src/request.rs b/crates/tosca-controller/src/request.rs
index 011d42c7..a8ff2da9 100644
--- a/crates/tosca-controller/src/request.rs
+++ b/crates/tosca-controller/src/request.rs
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ fn slash_start_end(s: &str) -> &str {
 }
 
 fn compare_values_with_params_data(
-    parameter_values: &ParametersValues<'_>,
+    parameter_values: &ParametersValues,
     parameters_data: &ParametersData,
 ) -> Result<(), Error> {
     for (name, parameter_value) in parameter_values {
@@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ impl Request {
 
     pub(crate) async fn create_response(
         &self,
-        parameters: &ParametersValues<'_>,
+        parameters: &ParametersValues,
     ) -> Result<reqwest::Response, Error> {
         let request_data = self.create_request(parameters)?;
         self.parameters_send(request_data).await
@@ -319,7 +319,7 @@ impl Request {
         RequestData::new(request, parameters)
     }
 
-    fn create_request(&self, parameters: &ParametersValues<'_>) -> Result<RequestData, Error> {
+    fn create_request(&self, parameters: &ParametersValues) -> Result<RequestData, Error> {
         // Compare parameters values with parameters data.
         compare_values_with_params_data(parameters, &self.parameters_data)?;
 
@@ -349,7 +349,7 @@ impl Request {
         let mut params = HashMap::new();
         for (name, parameter_kind) in &self.parameters_data {
             let _ = params.insert(
-                name.clone(),
+                name.to_string(),
                 format!("{}", ParameterValue::from_parameter_kind(parameter_kind)),
             );
         }
@@ -358,7 +358,7 @@ impl Request {
 
     // Axum parameters: hello/{{1}}/{{2}}
     //                  hello/0.5/1
-    fn axum_get(&self, parameters: &ParametersValues<'_>) -> String {
+    fn axum_get(&self, parameters: &ParametersValues) -> String {
         let mut route = String::from(&self.route);
         for (name, parameter_kind) in &self.parameters_data {
             let value = if let Some(value) = parameters.get(name) {
@@ -376,7 +376,7 @@ impl Request {
         route
     }
 
-    fn create_params(&self, parameters: &ParametersValues<'_>) -> HashMap<String, String> {
+    fn create_params(&self, parameters: &ParametersValues) -> HashMap<String, String> {
         let mut params = HashMap::new();
         for (name, parameter_kind) in &self.parameters_data {
             let (name, value) = if let Some(value) = parameters.get(name) {
@@ -387,7 +387,7 @@ impl Request {
                     format!("{}", ParameterValue::from_parameter_kind(parameter_kind)),
                 )
             };
-            let _ = params.insert(name.clone(), value);
+            let _ = params.insert(name.to_string(), value);
         }
         params
     }
diff --git a/crates/tosca-controller/src/tests/mod.rs b/crates/tosca-controller/src/tests/mod.rs
index ea537da8..28420c04 100644
--- a/crates/tosca-controller/src/tests/mod.rs
+++ b/crates/tosca-controller/src/tests/mod.rs
@@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
 use std::net::Ipv4Addr;
 use std::time::Duration;
 
-use tosca::device::{DeviceEnvironment, DeviceKindId};
+use tosca::device::{DeviceEnvironment, DeviceScheme, DeviceSchemeOwned, schemes::LIGHT_SCHEME};
 use tosca::hazards::{Hazard, Hazards};
 use tosca::parameters::{ParameterKind, Parameters, ParametersData};
 use tosca::response::ResponseKind;
-use tosca::route::{LightOffRoute, LightOnRoute, RestKind, Route};
+use tosca::route::{RestKind, Route};
 
-use tosca_os::devices::light::Light;
+use tosca_os::device::Device as ToscaOsDevice;
 use tosca_os::extract::Path;
 use tosca_os::responses::error::ErrorResponse;
-use tosca_os::responses::ok::{OkResponse, mandatory_ok_stateless};
+use tosca_os::responses::ok::{OkResponse, ok_stateless};
 use tosca_os::responses::serial::{SerialResponse, serial_stateless};
 use tosca_os::server::Server;
 use tosca_os::service::ServiceConfig;
@@ -57,21 +57,19 @@ async fn light(
     close_rx: tokio::sync::oneshot::Receiver<()>,
 ) {
     // Turn light on `PUT` route.
-    let light_on_route = LightOnRoute::put("On")
+    let light_on_route = Route::put("On", "/on")
         .description("Turn light on.")
         .with_hazard(Hazard::ElectricEnergyConsumption);
 
     // Turn light off `PUT` route.
-    let light_off_route = LightOffRoute::put("Off")
+    let light_off_route = Route::put("Off", "/off")
         .description("Turn light off.")
         .with_hazard(Hazard::LogEnergyConsumption);
 
     // A light device which is going to be run on the server.
-    let light = Light::new()
-        // This method is mandatory, if not called, a compiler error is raised.
-        .turn_light_on(light_on_route, mandatory_ok_stateless(turn_light_on))
-        // This method is mandatory, if not called, a compiler error is raised.
-        .turn_light_off(light_off_route, mandatory_ok_stateless(turn_light_off));
+    let light = ToscaOsDevice::new(LIGHT_SCHEME)
+        .route(ok_stateless(light_on_route, turn_light_on))
+        .route(ok_stateless(light_off_route, turn_light_off));
 
     let light = if with_toggle {
         // Toggle `PUT` route.
@@ -87,7 +85,6 @@ async fn light(
         light
             .main_route(FIRST_DEVICE_ROUTE)
             .route(serial_stateless(toggle_route, toggle))
-            .unwrap()
     } else {
         light.main_route(SECOND_DEVICE_ROUTE)
     };
@@ -98,7 +95,7 @@ async fn light(
     );
 
     // Run a discovery service and the device on the server.
-    Server::new(light.build())
+    Server::new(light.build().expect("Failed to validate device data"))
         .address(Ipv4Addr::UNSPECIFIED)
         .port(port)
         .well_known_service(id)
@@ -111,19 +108,71 @@ async fn light(
         .expect("Error in running a device server.");
 }
 
+#[inline]
 pub(crate) async fn light_with_toggle(close_rx: tokio::sync::oneshot::Receiver<()>) {
     light(PORT_ONE, "light-with-toggle", true, close_rx).await;
 }
 
+#[inline]
 pub(crate) async fn light_without_toggle(close_rx: tokio::sync::oneshot::Receiver<()>) {
     light(PORT_TWO, "light-without-toggle", false, close_rx).await;
 }
 
+async fn turn_thermostat_on() -> Result<OkResponse, ErrorResponse> {
+    println!("Thermostat on");
+    Ok(OkResponse::ok())
+}
+
+async fn turn_thermostat_off() -> Result<OkResponse, ErrorResponse> {
+    println!("Thermostat off");
+    Ok(OkResponse::ok())
+}
+
+pub(crate) async fn custom_device(close_rx: tokio::sync::oneshot::Receiver<()>) {
+    // Turn thermostat on `PUT` route.
+    let thermostat_on_route = Route::put("On", "/on")
+        .description("Turn thermostat on.")
+        .with_hazard(Hazard::ElectricEnergyConsumption);
+
+    // Turn thermostat off `PUT` route.
+    let thermostat_off_route = Route::put("Off", "/off")
+        .description("Turn thermostat off.")
+        .with_hazard(Hazard::LogEnergyConsumption);
+
+    // Create base scheme for custom thermostat.
+    let scheme = DeviceScheme::base_custom_scheme("Thermostat");
+
+    // A custom thermostat device which is going to be run on the server.
+    let light = ToscaOsDevice::new(scheme)
+        .route(ok_stateless(thermostat_on_route, turn_thermostat_on))
+        .route(ok_stateless(thermostat_off_route, turn_thermostat_off))
+        .main_route("/thermostat");
+
+    info!("Inside the custom thermostat device with port {PORT_TWO}");
+
+    // Run a discovery service and the device on the server.
+    Server::new(light.build().expect("Failed to validate device data"))
+        .address(Ipv4Addr::UNSPECIFIED)
+        .port(PORT_TWO)
+        .well_known_service("thermostat")
+        .discovery_service(
+            ServiceConfig::mdns_sd("thermostat")
+                .hostname("tosca")
+                .domain(DOMAIN),
+        )
+        .with_graceful_shutdown(async move {
+            _ = close_rx.await;
+        })
+        .run()
+        .await
+        .expect("Error in running a device server.");
+}
+
 fn build_route(device: &Device, route: &str) -> String {
     format!(
         "{}{}{}",
         device.network_info().last_reachable_address,
-        device.description().main_route,
+        device.metadata().main_route,
         route
     )
 }
@@ -156,13 +205,13 @@ fn check_request(
 
 // Device addresses are not considered in the comparisons, because they
 // depend on the machine this test is being run on.
-pub(crate) fn compare_device_data(device: &Device) {
+pub(crate) fn analyze_light_data(device: &Device) {
     // Check port.
     assert!(device.network_info().port == PORT_ONE || device.network_info().port == PORT_TWO);
 
-    // Check scheme.
-    let scheme = device.network_info().properties.get("scheme");
-    assert!(scheme.is_some_and(|scheme| scheme == "http"));
+    // Check protocol scheme.
+    let protocol_scheme = device.network_info().properties.get("scheme");
+    assert!(protocol_scheme.is_some_and(|protocol_scheme| protocol_scheme == "http"));
 
     // Check path.
     let path = device.network_info().properties.get("path");
@@ -173,22 +222,24 @@ pub(crate) fn compare_device_data(device: &Device) {
 
     // Check device main route.
     assert!(
-        device.description().main_route == FIRST_DEVICE_ROUTE
-            || device.description().main_route == SECOND_DEVICE_ROUTE
+        device.metadata().main_route == FIRST_DEVICE_ROUTE
+            || device.metadata().main_route == SECOND_DEVICE_ROUTE
     );
 
     // Check device information.
-    assert_eq!(device.description().kind, DeviceKindId::new("Light"));
-    assert_eq!(device.description().environment, DeviceEnvironment::Os);
+    assert_eq!(
+        device.metadata().scheme,
+        DeviceSchemeOwned::from(LIGHT_SCHEME)
+    );
+    assert_eq!(device.metadata().environment, DeviceEnvironment::Os);
 
     // Check requests number.
     assert!(
-        device.description().main_route == FIRST_DEVICE_ROUTE && device.requests_count() == 3
-            || device.description().main_route == SECOND_DEVICE_ROUTE
-                && device.requests_count() == 2
+        device.metadata().main_route == FIRST_DEVICE_ROUTE && device.requests_count() == 3
+            || device.metadata().main_route == SECOND_DEVICE_ROUTE && device.requests_count() == 2
     );
 
-    if device.description().main_route == FIRST_DEVICE_ROUTE {
+    if device.metadata().main_route == FIRST_DEVICE_ROUTE {
         let parameters_data = ParametersData::new().insert(
             "brightness".into(),
             ParameterKind::RangeU64 {
@@ -238,32 +289,38 @@ pub(crate) fn compare_device_data(device: &Device) {
     );
 }
 
-pub(crate) async fn check_function_with_device<F>(function: F)
+pub(crate) async fn run_one_device<D, Fut, F>(device: D, task: F)
 where
+    D: Fn(tokio::sync::oneshot::Receiver<()>) -> Fut + Send + 'static,
+    Fut: Future<Output = ()> + Send + 'static,
     F: AsyncFnOnce(),
 {
     let _ = tracing_subscriber::fmt().try_init();
 
-    let (close_tx, close_rx) = tokio::sync::oneshot::channel();
+    let (device_tx, device_rx) = tokio::sync::oneshot::channel();
 
     // Run a device task.
-    let device_handle = tokio::spawn(async { light_with_toggle(close_rx).await });
+    let device_handle = tokio::spawn(device(device_rx));
 
     // Wait for device task to be configured.
     tokio::time::sleep(Duration::from_millis(100)).await;
 
-    // Run function.
-    function().await;
+    // Run task.
+    task().await;
 
     // Shutdown device server.
-    _ = close_tx.send(());
+    _ = device_tx.send(());
 
     // Wait for device server to gracefully shutdown.
     _ = device_handle.await;
 }
 
-pub(crate) async fn check_function_with_two_devices<F>(function: F)
+pub(crate) async fn run_two_devices<D1, D2, Fut1, Fut2, F>(device1: D1, device2: D2, task: F)
 where
+    D1: Fn(tokio::sync::oneshot::Receiver<()>) -> Fut1 + Send + 'static,
+    D2: Fn(tokio::sync::oneshot::Receiver<()>) -> Fut2 + Send + 'static,
+    Fut1: Future<Output = ()> + Send + 'static,
+    Fut2: Future<Output = ()> + Send + 'static,
     F: AsyncFnOnce(),
 {
     let _ = tracing_subscriber::fmt().try_init();
@@ -272,19 +329,19 @@ where
     let (device2_tx, device2_rx) = tokio::sync::oneshot::channel();
 
     // Run first device task.
-    let device1_handle = tokio::spawn(async { light_without_toggle(device1_rx).await });
+    let device1_handle = tokio::spawn(device1(device1_rx));
 
     // Wait for first device task to be configured.
     tokio::time::sleep(Duration::from_millis(100)).await;
 
     // Run second device task.
-    let device2_handle = tokio::spawn(async { light_with_toggle(device2_rx).await });
+    let device2_handle = tokio::spawn(device2(device2_rx));
 
     // Wait for second device task to be configured.
     tokio::time::sleep(Duration::from_millis(100)).await;
 
-    // Run function.
-    function().await;
+    // Run task.
+    task().await;
 
     // Shutdown first device server.
     _ = device1_tx.send(());
diff --git a/crates/tosca-esp32c3/Cargo.lock b/crates/tosca-esp32c3/Cargo.lock
index e1a6e049..cfd89124 100644
--- a/crates/tosca-esp32c3/Cargo.lock
+++ b/crates/tosca-esp32c3/Cargo.lock
@@ -983,6 +983,12 @@ name = "hashbrown"
 version = "0.16.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "841d1cc9bed7f9236f321df977030373f4a4163ae1a7dbfe1a51a2c1a51d9100"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "hashbrown"
+version = "0.17.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "4f467dd6dccf739c208452f8014c75c18bb8301b050ad1cfb27153803edb0f51"
 dependencies = [
  "foldhash",
 ]
@@ -1032,7 +1038,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "7714e70437a7dc3ac8eb7e6f8df75fd8eb422675fc7678aff7364301092b1017"
 dependencies = [
  "equivalent",
- "hashbrown",
+ "hashbrown 0.16.1",
  "serde",
  "serde_core",
 ]
@@ -1557,18 +1563,17 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "tosca"
-version = "0.1.1"
+version = "0.2.0"
 dependencies = [
- "hashbrown",
+ "hashbrown 0.17.0",
  "indexmap",
  "log",
  "serde",
- "serde_json",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "tosca-esp32c3"
-version = "0.1.1"
+version = "0.2.0"
 dependencies = [
  "critical-section",
  "edge-http",
diff --git a/crates/tosca-esp32c3/Cargo.toml b/crates/tosca-esp32c3/Cargo.toml
index 924096f5..bfe356ef 100644
--- a/crates/tosca-esp32c3/Cargo.toml
+++ b/crates/tosca-esp32c3/Cargo.toml
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "tosca-esp32c3"
-version = "0.1.1"
+version = "0.2.0"
 edition = "2024"
 authors = ["Michele Valsesia <michele.valsesia@toscalabs.org>"]
 description = "A library for building Tosca firmware that runs on ESP32-C3 boards."
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ rustdoc-args = ["--cfg", "docsrs"]
 
 [dependencies]
 # Tosca workspace crate
-tosca = { path = "../tosca", version = "0.1.0", default-features = false }
+tosca = { path = "../tosca", version = "0.2.0", default-features = false }
 
 # Multithread critical section
 critical-section = "1.2.0"
diff --git a/crates/tosca-esp32c3/examples/light-with-events/Cargo.toml b/crates/tosca-esp32c3/examples/light-with-events/Cargo.toml
index d6b77b04..da4ad843 100644
--- a/crates/tosca-esp32c3/examples/light-with-events/Cargo.toml
+++ b/crates/tosca-esp32c3/examples/light-with-events/Cargo.toml
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "light-with-events"
-version = "0.1.0"
+version = "0.2.0"
 edition = "2024"
 authors = ["Michele Valsesia <michele.valsesia@toscalabs.org>"]
 description = """
@@ -12,8 +12,8 @@ publish = false
 
 [dependencies]
 # Tosca crates
-tosca = { path = "../../../tosca", version = "0.1.0", default-features = false }
-tosca-esp32c3 = { path = "../../", version = "0.1.0" }
+tosca = { path = "../../../tosca", version = "0.2.0", default-features = false }
+tosca-esp32c3 = { path = "../../", version = "0.2.0" }
 
 # Embassy framework
 embassy-executor = { version = "0.9.1", features = ["log"] }
diff --git a/crates/tosca-esp32c3/examples/light-with-events/src/main.rs b/crates/tosca-esp32c3/examples/light-with-events/src/main.rs
index 256a0a51..ff1930bc 100644
--- a/crates/tosca-esp32c3/examples/light-with-events/src/main.rs
+++ b/crates/tosca-esp32c3/examples/light-with-events/src/main.rs
@@ -13,8 +13,9 @@ extern crate alloc;
 
 use core::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering};
 
+use tosca::device::schemes::LIGHT_SCHEME;
 use tosca::parameters::Parameters;
-use tosca::route::{LightOffRoute, LightOnRoute, Route};
+use tosca::route::Route;
 
 use esp_hal::Config;
 use esp_hal::clock::CpuClock;
@@ -31,7 +32,7 @@ use embassy_sync::{blocking_mutex::raw::CriticalSectionRawMutex, signal::Signal}
 use embassy_time::Timer;
 
 use tosca_esp32c3::{
-    devices::light::Light,
+    device::Device,
     events::{EventsConfig, EventsManager, broker::BrokerData, interrupt::Notifier},
     mdns::Mdns,
     net::NetworkStack,
@@ -278,13 +279,13 @@ async fn main(spawner: Spawner) {
         .spawn(press_button(button))
         .expect("Impossible to spawn the task to press the button task");
 
-    let device = Light::new(&interfaces.ap)
-        .turn_light_on_stateless_serial(
-            LightOnRoute::put("On").description("Turn light on."),
+    let device = Device::new(&interfaces.ap, LIGHT_SCHEME)
+        .stateless_serial_route(
+            Route::put("On", "/on").description("Turn light on."),
             turn_light_on,
         )
-        .turn_light_off_stateless_serial(
-            LightOffRoute::put("Off")
+        .stateless_serial_route(
+            Route::put("Off", "/off")
                 .description("Turn light off.")
                 .with_parameters(Parameters::new().u8("test-value", 42)),
             turn_light_off,
@@ -293,7 +294,8 @@ async fn main(spawner: Spawner) {
             Route::get("Toggle", "/toggle").description("Toggle the light on and off."),
             toggle,
         )
-        .build();
+        .build()
+        .expect("Failed to validate device data");
 
     let events_config = EventsConfig::new(
         spawner,
diff --git a/crates/tosca-esp32c3/examples/light-with-state/Cargo.toml b/crates/tosca-esp32c3/examples/light-with-state/Cargo.toml
index 206988bc..e94c68b3 100644
--- a/crates/tosca-esp32c3/examples/light-with-state/Cargo.toml
+++ b/crates/tosca-esp32c3/examples/light-with-state/Cargo.toml
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "light-with-state"
-version = "0.1.0"
+version = "0.2.0"
 edition = "2024"
 authors = ["Michele Valsesia <michele.valsesia@toscalabs.org>"]
 description = "A simple stateful light for an ESP32-C3 board."
@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@ publish = false
 
 [dependencies]
 # Tosca crates
-tosca = { path = "../../../tosca", version = "0.1.0", default-features = false }
-tosca-esp32c3 = { path = "../../", version = "0.1.0" }
+tosca = { path = "../../../tosca", version = "0.2.0", default-features = false }
+tosca-esp32c3 = { path = "../../", version = "0.2.0" }
 
 # Embassy framework
 embassy-executor = { version = "0.9.1", features = ["log"] }
diff --git a/crates/tosca-esp32c3/examples/light-with-state/src/main.rs b/crates/tosca-esp32c3/examples/light-with-state/src/main.rs
index 517e8589..6a79a921 100644
--- a/crates/tosca-esp32c3/examples/light-with-state/src/main.rs
+++ b/crates/tosca-esp32c3/examples/light-with-state/src/main.rs
@@ -13,10 +13,10 @@ extern crate alloc;
 
 use core::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, AtomicU32, Ordering};
 
-use tosca::device::DeviceMetrics;
+use tosca::device::{DeviceMetrics, schemes::LIGHT_SCHEME};
 use tosca::energy::Energy;
 use tosca::parameters::Parameters;
-use tosca::route::{LightOffRoute, LightOnRoute, Route};
+use tosca::route::Route;
 
 use esp_hal::Config;
 use esp_hal::clock::CpuClock;
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ use embassy_sync::{blocking_mutex::raw::CriticalSectionRawMutex, signal::Signal}
 use embassy_time::Timer;
 
 use tosca_esp32c3::{
-    devices::light::Light,
+    device::Device,
     mdns::Mdns,
     net::NetworkStack,
     parameters::ParametersPayloads,
@@ -305,13 +305,13 @@ async fn main(spawner: Spawner) {
         .expect("Impossible to spawn the task to change the led");
 
     let request_counter = RequestCounter(mk_static!(AtomicU32, AtomicU32::new(0)));
-    let device = Light::with_state(&interfaces.ap, request_counter)
-        .turn_light_on_stateless_serial(
-            LightOnRoute::put("On").description("Turn light on."),
+    let device = Device::with_state(&interfaces.ap, LIGHT_SCHEME, request_counter)
+        .stateless_serial_route(
+            Route::put("On", "/on").description("Turn light on."),
             |_| async move { turn_light_on().await },
         )
-        .turn_light_off_stateless_serial(
-            LightOffRoute::put("Off")
+        .stateless_serial_route(
+            Route::put("Off", "/off")
                 .description("Turn light off.")
                 .with_parameters(Parameters::new().u8("test-value", 42)),
             |mut parameters| async move {
@@ -340,7 +340,8 @@ async fn main(spawner: Spawner) {
                 )))
             },
         )
-        .build();
+        .build()
+        .expect("Failed to validate device data");
 
     #[allow(clippy::large_futures)]
     Server::<TX_SIZE, RX_SIZE, MAXIMUM_HEADERS_COUNT, _>::new(device, Mdns::new(rng))
diff --git a/crates/tosca-esp32c3/examples/light/Cargo.toml b/crates/tosca-esp32c3/examples/light/Cargo.toml
index 93e99863..55ac509c 100644
--- a/crates/tosca-esp32c3/examples/light/Cargo.toml
+++ b/crates/tosca-esp32c3/examples/light/Cargo.toml
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "light"
-version = "0.1.0"
+version = "0.2.0"
 edition = "2024"
 authors = ["Michele Valsesia <michele.valsesia@toscalabs.org>"]
 description = "A simple stateless light for an ESP32-C3 board."
@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@ publish = false
 
 [dependencies]
 # Tosca crates
-tosca = { path = "../../../tosca", version = "0.1.0", default-features = false }
-tosca-esp32c3 = { path = "../../", version = "0.1.0" }
+tosca = { path = "../../../tosca", version = "0.2.0", default-features = false }
+tosca-esp32c3 = { path = "../../", version = "0.2.0" }
 
 # Embassy framework
 embassy-executor = { version = "0.9.1", features = ["log"] }
diff --git a/crates/tosca-esp32c3/examples/light/src/main.rs b/crates/tosca-esp32c3/examples/light/src/main.rs
index 027f95a9..b5ed1240 100644
--- a/crates/tosca-esp32c3/examples/light/src/main.rs
+++ b/crates/tosca-esp32c3/examples/light/src/main.rs
@@ -13,10 +13,10 @@ extern crate alloc;
 
 use core::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, AtomicU32, Ordering};
 
-use tosca::device::DeviceMetrics;
+use tosca::device::{DeviceMetrics, schemes::LIGHT_SCHEME};
 use tosca::energy::Energy;
 use tosca::parameters::Parameters;
-use tosca::route::{LightOffRoute, LightOnRoute, Route};
+use tosca::route::Route;
 
 use esp_hal::Config;
 use esp_hal::clock::CpuClock;
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ use embassy_sync::{blocking_mutex::raw::CriticalSectionRawMutex, signal::Signal}
 use embassy_time::Timer;
 
 use tosca_esp32c3::{
-    devices::light::Light,
+    device::Device,
     mdns::Mdns,
     net::NetworkStack,
     parameters::ParametersPayloads,
@@ -296,13 +296,13 @@ async fn main(spawner: Spawner) {
         .spawn(change_led(led))
         .expect("Impossible to spawn the task to change the led");
 
-    let device = Light::new(&interfaces.ap)
-        .turn_light_on_stateless_serial(
-            LightOnRoute::put("On").description("Turn light on."),
+    let device = Device::new(&interfaces.ap, LIGHT_SCHEME)
+        .stateless_serial_route(
+            Route::put("On", "/on").description("Turn light on."),
             turn_light_on,
         )
-        .turn_light_off_stateless_serial(
-            LightOffRoute::put("Off")
+        .stateless_serial_route(
+            Route::put("Off", "/off")
                 .description("Turn light off.")
                 .with_parameters(Parameters::new().u8("test-value", 42)),
             turn_light_off,
@@ -330,7 +330,8 @@ async fn main(spawner: Spawner) {
                 )))
             },
         )
-        .build();
+        .build()
+        .expect("Failed to validate device data");
 
     #[allow(clippy::large_futures)]
     Server::<TX_SIZE, RX_SIZE, MAXIMUM_HEADERS_COUNT, _>::new(device, Mdns::new(rng))
diff --git a/crates/tosca-esp32c3/src/device.rs b/crates/tosca-esp32c3/src/device.rs
index b27cfa68..4c6be220 100644
--- a/crates/tosca-esp32c3/src/device.rs
+++ b/crates/tosca-esp32c3/src/device.rs
@@ -1,13 +1,28 @@
+use alloc::borrow::Cow;
+use alloc::boxed::Box;
+use alloc::format;
 use alloc::vec::Vec;
 
-use tosca::device::DeviceDescription;
+use tosca::device::{DeviceDescription, DeviceEnvironment, DeviceScheme};
 use tosca::events::EventsDescription;
-use tosca::route::RouteConfigs;
+use tosca::response::ResponseKind;
+use tosca::route::{Route, RouteConfigs};
 
-use crate::response::Response;
-use crate::server::{FuncIndex, Functions};
+use esp_radio::wifi::WifiDevice;
+
+use log::error;
+
+use crate::error::{Error, ErrorKind};
+use crate::parameters::ParametersPayloads;
+use crate::response::{ErrorResponse, InfoResponse, OkResponse, Response, SerialResponse};
+use crate::server::{
+    FuncIndex, FuncType, Functions, InfoFn, InfoStateFn, OkFn, OkStateFn, SerialFn, SerialStateFn,
+};
 use crate::state::{State, ValueFromRef};
 
+// Default main route.
+const MAIN_ROUTE: &str = "/device";
+
 /// A generic `tosca` device.
 ///
 /// A [`Device`] can only be passed to a [`crate::server::Server`].
@@ -16,52 +31,276 @@ where
     S: ValueFromRef + Send + Sync + 'static,
 {
     pub(crate) wifi_mac: [u8; 6],
-    pub(crate) state: State<S>,
     pub(crate) description: DeviceDescription,
     pub(crate) main_route: &'static str,
     pub(crate) routes_functions: Functions<S>,
     pub(crate) index_array: Vec<FuncIndex>,
+    pub(crate) state: State<S>,
+}
+
+impl Device<()> {
+    /// Creates a [`Device`] without a state.
+    #[must_use]
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn new(wifi_interface: &WifiDevice<'_>, scheme: DeviceScheme) -> Self {
+        Self::with_state(wifi_interface, scheme, ())
+    }
 }
 
 impl<S> Device<S>
 where
     S: ValueFromRef + Send + Sync + 'static,
 {
+    /// Creates a [`Device`] with the given state.
+    #[must_use]
     #[inline]
-    pub(crate) fn new(
-        wifi_mac: [u8; 6],
-        state: State<S>,
-        description: DeviceDescription,
-        main_route: &'static str,
-        routes_functions: Functions<S>,
-        index_array: Vec<FuncIndex>,
-    ) -> Self {
+    pub fn with_state(wifi_interface: &WifiDevice<'_>, scheme: DeviceScheme, state: S) -> Self {
+        Self::init(wifi_interface, scheme, state)
+    }
+
+    /// Sets the main route.
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn main_route(mut self, main_route: &'static str) -> Self {
+        self.main_route = main_route;
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// Sets the device description.
+    #[must_use]
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn description(mut self, description: &'static str) -> Self {
+        self.description.data.description = Some(Cow::Borrowed(description));
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// Adds a [`Route`] with a stateless handler that returns an [`OkResponse`]
+    /// on success and an [`ErrorResponse`] on failure.
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn stateless_ok_route<F, Fut>(self, route: Route, func: F) -> Self
+    where
+        F: Fn(ParametersPayloads) -> Fut + Send + Sync + 'static,
+        Fut: Future<Output = Result<OkResponse, ErrorResponse>> + Send + Sync + 'static,
+    {
+        self.route_func_manager(route, ResponseKind::Ok, move |mut func_manager| {
+            let func: OkFn = Box::new(move |parameters_values| Box::pin(func(parameters_values)));
+            func_manager.routes_functions.0.push(func);
+            func_manager.index_array.push(FuncIndex::new(
+                FuncType::OkStateless,
+                func_manager.routes_functions.0.len() - 1,
+            ));
+            func_manager
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Adds a [`Route`] with a stateful handler that returns an [`OkResponse`]
+    /// on success and an [`ErrorResponse`] on failure.
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn stateful_ok_route<F, Fut>(self, route: Route, func: F) -> Self
+    where
+        F: Fn(State<S>, ParametersPayloads) -> Fut + Send + Sync + 'static,
+        Fut: Future<Output = Result<OkResponse, ErrorResponse>> + Send + Sync + 'static,
+    {
+        self.route_func_manager(route, ResponseKind::Ok, move |mut func_manager| {
+            let func: OkStateFn<S> =
+                Box::new(move |state, parameters_values| Box::pin(func(state, parameters_values)));
+            func_manager.routes_functions.1.push(func);
+            func_manager.index_array.push(FuncIndex::new(
+                FuncType::OkStateful,
+                func_manager.routes_functions.1.len() - 1,
+            ));
+            func_manager
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Adds a [`Route`] with a stateless handler that returns a
+    /// [`SerialResponse`] on success and an [`ErrorResponse`] on failure.
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn stateless_serial_route<F, Fut>(self, route: Route, func: F) -> Self
+    where
+        F: Fn(ParametersPayloads) -> Fut + Send + Sync + 'static,
+        Fut: Future<Output = Result<SerialResponse, ErrorResponse>> + Send + Sync + 'static,
+    {
+        self.route_func_manager(route, ResponseKind::Serial, move |mut func_manager| {
+            let func: SerialFn =
+                Box::new(move |parameters_values| Box::pin(func(parameters_values)));
+            func_manager.routes_functions.2.push(func);
+            func_manager.index_array.push(FuncIndex::new(
+                FuncType::SerialStateless,
+                func_manager.routes_functions.2.len() - 1,
+            ));
+            func_manager
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Adds a [`Route`] with a stateful handler that returns a
+    /// [`SerialResponse`] on success and an [`ErrorResponse`] on failure.
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn stateful_serial_route<F, Fut>(self, route: Route, func: F) -> Self
+    where
+        F: Fn(State<S>, ParametersPayloads) -> Fut + Send + Sync + 'static,
+        Fut: Future<Output = Result<SerialResponse, ErrorResponse>> + Send + Sync + 'static,
+    {
+        self.route_func_manager(route, ResponseKind::Serial, move |mut func_manager| {
+            let func: SerialStateFn<S> =
+                Box::new(move |state, parameters_values| Box::pin(func(state, parameters_values)));
+            func_manager.routes_functions.3.push(func);
+            func_manager.index_array.push(FuncIndex::new(
+                FuncType::SerialStateful,
+                func_manager.routes_functions.3.len() - 1,
+            ));
+            func_manager
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Adds a [`Route`] with a stateless handler that returns an
+    /// [`InfoResponse`] on success and an [`ErrorResponse`] on failure.
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn stateless_info_route<F, Fut>(self, route: Route, func: F) -> Self
+    where
+        F: Fn(ParametersPayloads) -> Fut + Send + Sync + 'static,
+        Fut: Future<Output = Result<InfoResponse, ErrorResponse>> + Send + Sync + 'static,
+    {
+        self.route_func_manager(route, ResponseKind::Info, move |mut func_manager| {
+            let func: InfoFn = Box::new(move |parameters_values| Box::pin(func(parameters_values)));
+            func_manager.routes_functions.4.push(func);
+            func_manager.index_array.push(FuncIndex::new(
+                FuncType::InfoStateless,
+                func_manager.routes_functions.4.len() - 1,
+            ));
+            func_manager
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Adds a [`Route`] with a stateful handler that returns an
+    /// [`InfoResponse`] on success and an [`ErrorResponse`] on failure.
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn stateful_info_route<F, Fut>(self, route: Route, func: F) -> Self
+    where
+        F: Fn(State<S>, ParametersPayloads) -> Fut + Send + Sync + 'static,
+        Fut: Future<Output = Result<InfoResponse, ErrorResponse>> + Send + Sync + 'static,
+    {
+        self.route_func_manager(route, ResponseKind::Info, move |mut func_manager| {
+            let func: InfoStateFn<S> =
+                Box::new(move |state, parameters_values| Box::pin(func(state, parameters_values)));
+            func_manager.routes_functions.5.push(func);
+            func_manager.index_array.push(FuncIndex::new(
+                FuncType::InfoStateful,
+                func_manager.routes_functions.5.len() - 1,
+            ));
+            func_manager
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Builds a [`DeviceVerified`].
+    ///
+    /// # Errors
+    ///
+    /// - Returns an error if mandatory routes are missing or invalid.
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn build(mut self) -> crate::error::Result<DeviceVerified<S>> {
+        if let Some(missing_route) =
+            self.description
+                .data
+                .scheme
+                .mandatory_routes()
+                .iter()
+                .find(|&mandatory_route| {
+                    !self
+                        .description
+                        .route_configs
+                        .iter()
+                        .any(|route| route.data.path == *mandatory_route)
+                })
+        {
+            let message = format!("The mandatory route `{missing_route}` is missing");
+            error!("{message}");
+            return Err(Error::new(ErrorKind::MandatoryRoutes, message));
+        }
+
+        self.description.data.wifi_mac = Some(self.wifi_mac);
+        Ok(DeviceVerified(self))
+    }
+
+    fn route_func_manager<F>(
+        mut self,
+        route: Route,
+        response_kind: ResponseKind,
+        add_async_function: F,
+    ) -> Self
+    where
+        F: FnOnce(Self) -> Self,
+    {
+        let route_config = route
+            .remove_prohibited_hazards(self.description.data.scheme.allowed_hazards())
+            .serialize_data()
+            .change_response_kind(response_kind);
+
+        if self.description.route_configs.contains(&route_config) {
+            error!(
+                "The route with prefix `{}` already exists!",
+                route_config.data.path
+            );
+            return self;
+        }
+
+        self.description.route_configs.add(route_config);
+
+        add_async_function(self)
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn init(wifi_interface: &WifiDevice<'_>, device_scheme: DeviceScheme, state: S) -> Self {
+        let wifi_mac = wifi_interface.mac_address();
+
+        let description = DeviceDescription::new(device_scheme, MAIN_ROUTE, RouteConfigs::new())
+            .environment(DeviceEnvironment::Embedded);
+
         Self {
             wifi_mac,
-            state,
             description,
-            main_route,
-            routes_functions,
-            index_array,
+            main_route: MAIN_ROUTE,
+            routes_functions: (
+                Vec::new(),
+                Vec::new(),
+                Vec::new(),
+                Vec::new(),
+                Vec::new(),
+                Vec::new(),
+            ),
+            index_array: Vec::new(),
+            state: State(state),
         }
     }
+}
 
+/// A device with fully validated data.
+///
+/// [`DeviceVerified`] is a transient type, intended solely for passing
+/// validated device data to [`crate::server::Server`].
+pub struct DeviceVerified<S>(pub(crate) Device<S>)
+where
+    S: ValueFromRef + Send + Sync + 'static;
+
+impl<S> DeviceVerified<S>
+where
+    S: ValueFromRef + Send + Sync + 'static,
+{
     #[inline]
     pub(crate) fn events_description(mut self, events_description: EventsDescription) -> Self {
-        self.description = self.description.events_description(events_description);
+        self.0.description = self.0.description.events_description(events_description);
         self
     }
 
     #[inline]
     pub(crate) fn into_internal(mut self) -> InternalDevice<S> {
-        self.description.data.wifi_mac = Some(self.wifi_mac);
+        self.0.description.data.wifi_mac = Some(self.0.wifi_mac);
         InternalDevice {
-            state: self.state,
-            main_route: self.main_route,
-            main_route_response: Response::json(&self.description),
-            routes_functions: self.routes_functions,
-            index_array: self.index_array,
-            route_configs: self.description.route_configs,
+            state: self.0.state,
+            main_route: self.0.main_route,
+            main_route_response: Response::json(&self.0.description),
+            routes_functions: self.0.routes_functions,
+            index_array: self.0.index_array,
+            route_configs: self.0.description.route_configs,
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/crates/tosca-esp32c3/src/devices/light.rs b/crates/tosca-esp32c3/src/devices/light.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index 229faed4..00000000
--- a/crates/tosca-esp32c3/src/devices/light.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,412 +0,0 @@
-use alloc::borrow::Cow;
-use alloc::boxed::Box;
-use alloc::vec::Vec;
-
-use tosca::device::{DeviceDescription, DeviceKind, DeviceKindId};
-use tosca::hazards::Hazard;
-use tosca::response::ResponseKind;
-use tosca::route::{Route, RouteConfigs};
-
-use esp_radio::wifi::WifiDevice;
-
-use log::error;
-
-use crate::device::Device;
-use crate::parameters::ParametersPayloads;
-use crate::response::{ErrorResponse, InfoResponse, OkResponse, SerialResponse};
-use crate::server::{
-    FuncIndex, FuncType, Functions, InfoFn, InfoStateFn, OkFn, OkStateFn, SerialFn, SerialStateFn,
-};
-use crate::state::{State, ValueFromRef};
-
-// Default main route.
-const MAIN_ROUTE: &str = "/light";
-
-// Allowed hazards.
-const ALLOWED_HAZARDS: &[Hazard] = &[Hazard::FireHazard, Hazard::ElectricEnergyConsumption];
-
-/// A `light` device.
-///
-/// Its methods guide in the definition of a correct light.
-///
-/// The initial placeholder for constructing a [`CompleteLight`].
-pub struct Light<S = ()>(CompleteLight<S>)
-where
-    S: ValueFromRef + Send + Sync + 'static;
-
-impl Light<()> {
-    /// Creates a [`Light`] without a [`State`].
-    #[must_use]
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn new(wifi_interface: &WifiDevice<'_>) -> Self {
-        Self(CompleteLight::with_state(wifi_interface, ()))
-    }
-}
-
-impl<S> Light<S>
-where
-    S: ValueFromRef + Send + Sync + 'static,
-{
-    /// Creates a [`Light`] with a [`State`].
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn with_state(wifi_interface: &WifiDevice<'_>, state: S) -> Self {
-        Self(CompleteLight::with_state(wifi_interface, state))
-    }
-
-    /// Turns on a light using a stateless handler, returning an [`OkResponse`]
-    /// on success and an [`ErrorResponse`] on failure.
-    #[must_use]
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn turn_light_on_stateless_ok<F, Fut>(
-        self,
-        route: tosca::route::LightOnRoute,
-        func: F,
-    ) -> LightOnRoute<S>
-    where
-        F: Fn(ParametersPayloads) -> Fut + Send + Sync + 'static,
-        Fut: Future<Output = Result<OkResponse, ErrorResponse>> + Send + Sync + 'static,
-    {
-        LightOnRoute(self.0.stateless_ok_route(route.into_route(), func))
-    }
-
-    /// Turns on a light using a stateful handler, returning an [`OkResponse`]
-    /// on success and an [`ErrorResponse`] on failure.
-    #[must_use]
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn turn_light_on_stateful_ok<F, Fut>(
-        self,
-        route: tosca::route::LightOnRoute,
-        func: F,
-    ) -> LightOnRoute<S>
-    where
-        F: Fn(State<S>, ParametersPayloads) -> Fut + Send + Sync + 'static,
-        Fut: Future<Output = Result<OkResponse, ErrorResponse>> + Send + Sync + 'static,
-    {
-        LightOnRoute(self.0.stateful_ok_route(route.into_route(), func))
-    }
-
-    /// Turns on a light using a stateless handler, returning a
-    /// [`SerialResponse`] on success and an [`ErrorResponse`] on failure.
-    #[must_use]
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn turn_light_on_stateless_serial<F, Fut>(
-        self,
-        route: tosca::route::LightOnRoute,
-        func: F,
-    ) -> LightOnRoute<S>
-    where
-        F: Fn(ParametersPayloads) -> Fut + Send + Sync + 'static,
-        Fut: Future<Output = Result<SerialResponse, ErrorResponse>> + Send + Sync + 'static,
-    {
-        LightOnRoute(self.0.stateless_serial_route(route.into_route(), func))
-    }
-
-    /// Turns on a light using a stateful handler, returning a
-    /// [`SerialResponse`] on success and an [`ErrorResponse`] on failure.
-    #[must_use]
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn turn_light_on_stateful_serial<F, Fut>(
-        self,
-        route: tosca::route::LightOnRoute,
-        func: F,
-    ) -> LightOnRoute<S>
-    where
-        F: Fn(State<S>, ParametersPayloads) -> Fut + Send + Sync + 'static,
-        Fut: Future<Output = Result<SerialResponse, ErrorResponse>> + Send + Sync + 'static,
-    {
-        LightOnRoute(self.0.stateful_serial_route(route.into_route(), func))
-    }
-}
-
-/// A `light` placeholder that includes only the route for turning the light on.
-///
-/// All methods return a [`CompleteLight`].
-pub struct LightOnRoute<S = ()>(CompleteLight<S>)
-where
-    S: ValueFromRef + Send + Sync + 'static;
-
-impl<S> LightOnRoute<S>
-where
-    S: ValueFromRef + Send + Sync + 'static,
-{
-    /// Turns off a light using a stateless handler, returning an [`OkResponse`]
-    /// on success and an [`ErrorResponse`] on failure.
-    #[must_use]
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn turn_light_off_stateless_ok<F, Fut>(
-        self,
-        route: tosca::route::LightOffRoute,
-        func: F,
-    ) -> CompleteLight<S>
-    where
-        F: Fn(ParametersPayloads) -> Fut + Send + Sync + 'static,
-        Fut: Future<Output = Result<OkResponse, ErrorResponse>> + Send + Sync + 'static,
-    {
-        self.0.stateless_ok_route(route.into_route(), func)
-    }
-
-    /// Turns off a light using a stateful handler, returning an [`OkResponse`]
-    /// on success and an [`ErrorResponse`] on failure.
-    #[must_use]
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn turn_light_off_stateful_ok<F, Fut>(
-        self,
-        route: tosca::route::LightOffRoute,
-        func: F,
-    ) -> CompleteLight<S>
-    where
-        F: Fn(State<S>, ParametersPayloads) -> Fut + Send + Sync + 'static,
-        Fut: Future<Output = Result<OkResponse, ErrorResponse>> + Send + Sync + 'static,
-    {
-        self.0.stateful_ok_route(route.into_route(), func)
-    }
-
-    /// Turns off a light using a stateless handler, returning a
-    /// [`SerialResponse`] on success and an [`ErrorResponse`] on failure.
-    #[must_use]
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn turn_light_off_stateless_serial<F, Fut>(
-        self,
-        route: tosca::route::LightOffRoute,
-        func: F,
-    ) -> CompleteLight<S>
-    where
-        F: Fn(ParametersPayloads) -> Fut + Send + Sync + 'static,
-        Fut: Future<Output = Result<SerialResponse, ErrorResponse>> + Send + Sync + 'static,
-    {
-        self.0.stateless_serial_route(route.into_route(), func)
-    }
-
-    /// Turns off a light using a stateful handler, returning a
-    /// [`SerialResponse`] on success and an [`ErrorResponse`] on failure.
-    #[must_use]
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn turn_light_off_stateful_serial<F, Fut>(
-        self,
-        route: tosca::route::LightOffRoute,
-        func: F,
-    ) -> CompleteLight<S>
-    where
-        F: Fn(State<S>, ParametersPayloads) -> Fut + Send + Sync + 'static,
-        Fut: Future<Output = Result<SerialResponse, ErrorResponse>> + Send + Sync + 'static,
-    {
-        self.0.stateful_serial_route(route.into_route(), func)
-    }
-}
-
-/// A `light` device with methods to turn the light on and off.
-pub struct CompleteLight<S = ()>
-where
-    S: ValueFromRef + Send + Sync + 'static,
-{
-    wifi_mac: [u8; 6],
-    main_route: &'static str,
-    state: State<S>,
-    routes_functions: Functions<S>,
-    device_data: DeviceDescription,
-    index_array: Vec<FuncIndex>,
-}
-
-impl<S> CompleteLight<S>
-where
-    S: ValueFromRef + Send + Sync + 'static,
-{
-    /// Sets the main route.
-    #[must_use]
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn main_route(mut self, main_route: &'static str) -> Self {
-        self.main_route = main_route;
-        self.device_data.main_route = Cow::Borrowed(main_route);
-        self
-    }
-
-    /// Adds a [`Route`] with a stateless handler that returns an [`OkResponse`]
-    /// on success and an [`ErrorResponse`] on failure.
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn stateless_ok_route<F, Fut>(self, route: Route, func: F) -> Self
-    where
-        F: Fn(ParametersPayloads) -> Fut + Send + Sync + 'static,
-        Fut: Future<Output = Result<OkResponse, ErrorResponse>> + Send + Sync + 'static,
-    {
-        self.route_func_manager(route, ResponseKind::Ok, move |mut func_manager| {
-            let func: OkFn = Box::new(move |parameters_values| Box::pin(func(parameters_values)));
-            func_manager.routes_functions.0.push(func);
-            func_manager.index_array.push(FuncIndex::new(
-                FuncType::OkStateless,
-                func_manager.routes_functions.0.len() - 1,
-            ));
-            func_manager
-        })
-    }
-
-    /// Adds a [`Route`] with a stateful handler that returns an [`OkResponse`]
-    /// on success and an [`ErrorResponse`] on failure.
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn stateful_ok_route<F, Fut>(self, route: Route, func: F) -> Self
-    where
-        F: Fn(State<S>, ParametersPayloads) -> Fut + Send + Sync + 'static,
-        Fut: Future<Output = Result<OkResponse, ErrorResponse>> + Send + Sync + 'static,
-    {
-        self.route_func_manager(route, ResponseKind::Ok, move |mut func_manager| {
-            let func: OkStateFn<S> =
-                Box::new(move |state, parameters_values| Box::pin(func(state, parameters_values)));
-            func_manager.routes_functions.1.push(func);
-            func_manager.index_array.push(FuncIndex::new(
-                FuncType::OkStateful,
-                func_manager.routes_functions.1.len() - 1,
-            ));
-            func_manager
-        })
-    }
-
-    /// Adds a [`Route`] with a stateless handler that returns a
-    /// [`SerialResponse`] on success and an [`ErrorResponse`] on failure.
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn stateless_serial_route<F, Fut>(self, route: Route, func: F) -> Self
-    where
-        F: Fn(ParametersPayloads) -> Fut + Send + Sync + 'static,
-        Fut: Future<Output = Result<SerialResponse, ErrorResponse>> + Send + Sync + 'static,
-    {
-        self.route_func_manager(route, ResponseKind::Serial, move |mut func_manager| {
-            let func: SerialFn =
-                Box::new(move |parameters_values| Box::pin(func(parameters_values)));
-            func_manager.routes_functions.2.push(func);
-            func_manager.index_array.push(FuncIndex::new(
-                FuncType::SerialStateless,
-                func_manager.routes_functions.2.len() - 1,
-            ));
-            func_manager
-        })
-    }
-
-    /// Adds a [`Route`] with a stateful handler that returns a
-    /// [`SerialResponse`] on success and an [`ErrorResponse`] on failure.
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn stateful_serial_route<F, Fut>(self, route: Route, func: F) -> Self
-    where
-        F: Fn(State<S>, ParametersPayloads) -> Fut + Send + Sync + 'static,
-        Fut: Future<Output = Result<SerialResponse, ErrorResponse>> + Send + Sync + 'static,
-    {
-        self.route_func_manager(route, ResponseKind::Serial, move |mut func_manager| {
-            let func: SerialStateFn<S> =
-                Box::new(move |state, parameters_values| Box::pin(func(state, parameters_values)));
-            func_manager.routes_functions.3.push(func);
-            func_manager.index_array.push(FuncIndex::new(
-                FuncType::SerialStateful,
-                func_manager.routes_functions.3.len() - 1,
-            ));
-            func_manager
-        })
-    }
-
-    /// Adds a [`Route`] with a stateless handler that returns an
-    /// [`InfoResponse`] on success and an [`ErrorResponse`] on failure.
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn stateless_info_route<F, Fut>(self, route: Route, func: F) -> Self
-    where
-        F: Fn(ParametersPayloads) -> Fut + Send + Sync + 'static,
-        Fut: Future<Output = Result<InfoResponse, ErrorResponse>> + Send + Sync + 'static,
-    {
-        self.route_func_manager(route, ResponseKind::Info, move |mut func_manager| {
-            let func: InfoFn = Box::new(move |parameters_values| Box::pin(func(parameters_values)));
-            func_manager.routes_functions.4.push(func);
-            func_manager.index_array.push(FuncIndex::new(
-                FuncType::InfoStateless,
-                func_manager.routes_functions.4.len() - 1,
-            ));
-            func_manager
-        })
-    }
-
-    /// Adds a [`Route`] with a stateful handler that returns an
-    /// [`InfoResponse`] on success and an [`ErrorResponse`] on failure.
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn stateful_info_route<F, Fut>(self, route: Route, func: F) -> Self
-    where
-        F: Fn(State<S>, ParametersPayloads) -> Fut + Send + Sync + 'static,
-        Fut: Future<Output = Result<InfoResponse, ErrorResponse>> + Send + Sync + 'static,
-    {
-        self.route_func_manager(route, ResponseKind::Info, move |mut func_manager| {
-            let func: InfoStateFn<S> =
-                Box::new(move |state, parameters_values| Box::pin(func(state, parameters_values)));
-            func_manager.routes_functions.5.push(func);
-            func_manager.index_array.push(FuncIndex::new(
-                FuncType::InfoStateful,
-                func_manager.routes_functions.5.len() - 1,
-            ));
-            func_manager
-        })
-    }
-
-    /// Builds a [`Device`].
-    ///
-    /// **This method consumes the light.**
-    #[must_use]
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn build(self) -> Device<S> {
-        Device::new(
-            self.wifi_mac,
-            self.state,
-            self.device_data,
-            self.main_route,
-            self.routes_functions,
-            self.index_array,
-        )
-    }
-
-    fn route_func_manager<F>(
-        mut self,
-        route: Route,
-        response_kind: ResponseKind,
-        add_async_function: F,
-    ) -> Self
-    where
-        F: FnOnce(Self) -> Self,
-    {
-        let route_config = route
-            .remove_prohibited_hazards(ALLOWED_HAZARDS)
-            .serialize_data()
-            .change_response_kind(response_kind);
-
-        if self.device_data.route_configs.contains(&route_config) {
-            error!(
-                "The route with prefix `{}` already exists!",
-                route_config.data.path
-            );
-            return self;
-        }
-
-        self.device_data.route_configs.add(route_config);
-
-        add_async_function(self)
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    fn with_state(wifi_interface: &WifiDevice<'_>, state: S) -> Self {
-        let wifi_mac = wifi_interface.mac_address();
-
-        let device_data = DeviceDescription::new(
-            DeviceKindId::from(&DeviceKind::Light),
-            MAIN_ROUTE,
-            RouteConfigs::new(),
-            2,
-        )
-        .text_description("A light device.");
-
-        Self {
-            wifi_mac,
-            main_route: MAIN_ROUTE,
-            state: State(state),
-            routes_functions: (
-                Vec::new(),
-                Vec::new(),
-                Vec::new(),
-                Vec::new(),
-                Vec::new(),
-                Vec::new(),
-            ),
-            device_data,
-            index_array: Vec::new(),
-        }
-    }
-}
diff --git a/crates/tosca-esp32c3/src/devices/mod.rs b/crates/tosca-esp32c3/src/devices/mod.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index 95452f15..00000000
--- a/crates/tosca-esp32c3/src/devices/mod.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-/// A `light` device.
-pub mod light;
diff --git a/crates/tosca-esp32c3/src/error.rs b/crates/tosca-esp32c3/src/error.rs
index e7d1ff4d..445fd6cb 100644
--- a/crates/tosca-esp32c3/src/error.rs
+++ b/crates/tosca-esp32c3/src/error.rs
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+use alloc::borrow::Cow;
+
 /// All possible error kinds.
 #[derive(Copy, Clone)]
 pub enum ErrorKind {
@@ -5,6 +7,8 @@ pub enum ErrorKind {
     EmptyEventsManager,
     /// `DNS` error.
     Dns,
+    /// Mandatory routes are missing or invalid.
+    MandatoryRoutes,
     /// `mDNS` error.
     MDns,
     /// `MQTT` error.
@@ -28,6 +32,7 @@ impl ErrorKind {
         match self {
             Self::EmptyEventsManager => "Empty events manager",
             Self::Dns => "DNS",
+            Self::MandatoryRoutes => "Mandatory Routes",
             Self::MDns => "mDNS",
             Self::Mqtt => "MQTT",
             Self::Server => "Server",
@@ -55,7 +60,7 @@ impl core::fmt::Display for ErrorKind {
 /// A library error.
 pub struct Error {
     kind: ErrorKind,
-    info: &'static str,
+    info: Cow<'static, str>,
 }
 
 impl core::fmt::Debug for Error {
@@ -71,8 +76,11 @@ impl core::fmt::Display for Error {
 }
 
 impl Error {
-    pub(crate) fn new(kind: ErrorKind, info: &'static str) -> Self {
-        Self { kind, info }
+    pub(crate) fn new(kind: ErrorKind, info: impl Into<Cow<'static, str>>) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            kind,
+            info: info.into(),
+        }
     }
 
     fn error(&self, f: &mut core::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> core::fmt::Result {
diff --git a/crates/tosca-esp32c3/src/events/mod.rs b/crates/tosca-esp32c3/src/events/mod.rs
index 89c919ed..284b4ea5 100644
--- a/crates/tosca-esp32c3/src/events/mod.rs
+++ b/crates/tosca-esp32c3/src/events/mod.rs
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ use tosca::events::{
     BrokerData as ToscaBrokerData, Event, Events, EventsDescription, PeriodicEvent, Topic,
 };
 
-use crate::device::Device;
+use crate::device::DeviceVerified;
 use crate::error::{Error, ErrorKind};
 use crate::state::ValueFromRef;
 use crate::wifi::WIFI_RECONNECT_DELAY;
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ where
     stack: Stack<'static>,
     broker: BrokerData,
     topic: Topic,
-    device: Device<S>,
+    device: DeviceVerified<S>,
 }
 
 impl<S> EventsConfig<S>
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ where
         stack: Stack<'static>,
         broker: BrokerData,
         topic_prefix: &str,
-        device: Device<S>,
+        device: DeviceVerified<S>,
     ) -> Self {
         Self {
             spawner,
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ where
             topic: TopicBuilder::new()
                 .prefix(topic_prefix)
                 .suffix("events")
-                .mac(device.wifi_mac)
+                .mac(device.0.wifi_mac)
                 .build(),
             device,
         }
@@ -1038,7 +1038,7 @@ where
 
     /// Runs the task that transmits events over the network.
     ///
-    /// Returns a [`Device`] updated with [`EventsDescription`] data.
+    /// Returns a [`DeviceVerified`] updated with [`EventsDescription`] data.
     ///
     /// # Errors
     ///
@@ -1047,7 +1047,7 @@ where
     /// - The broker domain cannot be resolved via a `DNS` query.
     /// - The task responsible for network transmission cannot interact with
     ///   the scheduler or the network.
-    pub async fn run_network_task(self) -> Result<Device<S>, Error> {
+    pub async fn run_network_task(self) -> Result<DeviceVerified<S>, Error> {
         if self.events.is_empty() {
             return Err(Error::new(
                 ErrorKind::EmptyEventsManager,
diff --git a/crates/tosca-esp32c3/src/lib.rs b/crates/tosca-esp32c3/src/lib.rs
index 456fc4ae..caf7e743 100644
--- a/crates/tosca-esp32c3/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/tosca-esp32c3/src/lib.rs
@@ -44,9 +44,6 @@
 
 extern crate alloc;
 
-/// All supported device types.
-pub mod devices;
-
 /// General device definition along with its methods.
 pub mod device;
 /// Error management.
diff --git a/crates/tosca-esp32c3/src/parameters.rs b/crates/tosca-esp32c3/src/parameters.rs
index f46c0ae0..1978ed94 100644
--- a/crates/tosca-esp32c3/src/parameters.rs
+++ b/crates/tosca-esp32c3/src/parameters.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 use alloc::borrow::Cow;
 use alloc::format;
+use alloc::string::String;
 
 use tosca::parameters::{
     ParameterKind, ParameterPayload, ParameterValue, ParametersPayloads as ToscaParametersPayloads,
@@ -169,19 +170,19 @@ impl F64Payload {
 /// A payload consisting of a sequence of characters.
 pub struct CharsSequencePayload<'a> {
     /// Value.
-    pub value: Cow<'a, str>,
+    pub value: String,
     /// Default value.
     pub default: Cow<'a, str>,
 }
 
 impl<'a> CharsSequencePayload<'a> {
-    const fn new(value: Cow<'a, str>, default: Cow<'a, str>) -> Self {
+    const fn new(value: String, default: Cow<'a, str>) -> Self {
         Self { value, default }
     }
 }
 
 /// A container for storing route parameter payloads.
-pub struct ParametersPayloads(pub(crate) ToscaParametersPayloads<'static>);
+pub struct ParametersPayloads(pub(crate) ToscaParametersPayloads);
 
 impl ParametersPayloads {
     /// Retrieves the [`BoolPayload`] associated with the given parameter name.
diff --git a/crates/tosca-esp32c3/src/server.rs b/crates/tosca-esp32c3/src/server.rs
index 478c1e3e..c23fbc0b 100644
--- a/crates/tosca-esp32c3/src/server.rs
+++ b/crates/tosca-esp32c3/src/server.rs
@@ -2,11 +2,10 @@ use core::fmt::{Debug, Display};
 use core::net::SocketAddr;
 use core::pin::Pin;
 
-use alloc::borrow::Cow;
 use alloc::boxed::Box;
 use alloc::format;
 use alloc::str::SplitTerminator;
-use alloc::string::ToString;
+use alloc::string::{String, ToString};
 use alloc::vec::Vec;
 
 use tosca::parameters::{
@@ -28,7 +27,7 @@ use embedded_io_async::{Read, Write};
 
 use log::{error, info};
 
-use crate::device::{Device, InternalDevice};
+use crate::device::{DeviceVerified, InternalDevice};
 use crate::error::Error;
 use crate::mdns::Mdns;
 use crate::net::get_ip;
@@ -221,9 +220,9 @@ impl<const TX_SIZE: usize, const RX_SIZE: usize, const MAXIMUM_HEADERS_COUNT: us
 where
     S: ValueFromRef + Send + Sync + 'static,
 {
-    /// Creates a [`Server`] from the given [`Device`].
+    /// Creates a [`Server`] from the given [`DeviceVerified`].
     #[inline]
-    pub fn new(device: Device<S>, mdns: Mdns) -> Self {
+    pub fn new(device: DeviceVerified<S>, mdns: Mdns) -> Self {
         Self {
             port: DEFAULT_SERVER_PORT,
             handler: ServerHandler::new(device.into_internal()),
@@ -387,7 +386,7 @@ struct RouteInfo {
 }
 
 impl RouteInfo {
-    const fn new(index: usize, parameters_payloads: ToscaParametersPayloads<'static>) -> Self {
+    const fn new(index: usize, parameters_payloads: ToscaParametersPayloads) -> Self {
         Self {
             index,
             parameters_payloads: ParametersPayloads(parameters_payloads),
@@ -520,7 +519,7 @@ where
     fn parse_get_parameters(
         route_config: &RouteConfig,
         mut route_iter: SplitTerminator<'_, char>,
-    ) -> Result<ToscaParametersPayloads<'static>, Response> {
+    ) -> Result<ToscaParametersPayloads, Response> {
         // Create parameters payloads.
         let mut parameters_payloads = ToscaParametersPayloads::new();
 
@@ -533,7 +532,7 @@ where
                         .parameters
                         .iter()
                         .skip(index)
-                        .map(|parameter| parameter.0.as_str())
+                        .map(|parameter| parameter.0.as_ref())
                         .collect::<Vec<&str>>()
                 ))
             })?;
@@ -542,7 +541,7 @@ where
             let parameter_value = Self::parse_parameter_value(parameter_value, parameter.1)?;
 
             parameters_payloads.add(
-                parameter.0.clone().into(),
+                String::from(parameter.0.as_ref()),
                 ParameterPayload::new(parameter.1.clone(), parameter_value),
             );
         }
@@ -557,7 +556,7 @@ where
         route_config: &RouteConfig,
         headers: &Headers<'_, N>,
         body: &mut Body<'_, T>,
-    ) -> Result<ToscaParametersPayloads<'static>, Response> {
+    ) -> Result<ToscaParametersPayloads, Response> {
         info!("Headers: {headers:?}");
 
         let content_length = headers
@@ -592,15 +591,13 @@ where
             error_response_with_error("Error reading the request bytes", &format!("{e:?}"))
         })?;
 
-        let route_parameters = serde_json::from_slice::<ParametersValues<'_>>(
-            &bytes[0..content_length],
-        )
-        .map_err(|e| {
-            error_response_with_error(
-                "Failed to convert bytes into a sequence of parameters",
-                &format!("{e}"),
-            )
-        })?;
+        let route_parameters =
+            serde_json::from_slice::<ParametersValues>(&bytes[0..content_length]).map_err(|e| {
+                error_response_with_error(
+                    "Failed to convert bytes into a sequence of parameters",
+                    &format!("{e}"),
+                )
+            })?;
 
         info!("Route parameters: {route_parameters:?}");
 
@@ -657,9 +654,9 @@ where
             ParameterKind::F64 { .. } | ParameterKind::RangeF64 { .. } => {
                 Self::into_value::<f64, _>(parameter_value, "f64", ParameterValue::F64)
             }
-            ParameterKind::CharsSequence { .. } => Ok(ParameterValue::CharsSequence(Cow::Owned(
-                parameter_value.to_string(),
-            ))),
+            ParameterKind::CharsSequence { .. } => {
+                Ok(ParameterValue::CharsSequence(parameter_value.to_string()))
+            }
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/crates/tosca-os/src/device.rs b/crates/tosca-os/src/device.rs
index 2c277eff..a14f5dfa 100644
--- a/crates/tosca-os/src/device.rs
+++ b/crates/tosca-os/src/device.rs
@@ -1,19 +1,20 @@
-use tosca::device::{
-    DeviceDescription, DeviceEnvironment, DeviceKind, DeviceKindId, DeviceKindTrait,
-};
+use std::borrow::Cow;
+
+use tosca::device::{DeviceDescription, DeviceEnvironment, DeviceScheme};
 use tosca::route::{RouteConfig, RouteConfigs};
 
 use axum::Router;
 
-use tracing::{info, warn};
+use tracing::{error, info};
 
+use crate::error::{Error, ErrorKind, Result};
 use crate::mac::get_mac_addresses;
 use crate::responses::BaseResponse;
 
 // Default main route.
 const MAIN_ROUTE: &str = "/device";
 
-/// A generic `tosca` device.
+/// A `tosca` device.
 ///
 /// A [`Device`] can only be passed to a [`crate::server::Server`].
 #[derive(Debug)]
@@ -28,21 +29,15 @@ where
     // Device router.
     router: Router,
     // Device state.
-    pub(crate) state: S,
-}
-
-impl Default for Device<()> {
-    fn default() -> Self {
-        Self::new()
-    }
+    state: S,
 }
 
 impl Device<()> {
     /// Creates a [`Device`] without a state.
     #[must_use]
     #[inline]
-    pub fn new() -> Self {
-        Self::with_state(())
+    pub fn new(scheme: DeviceScheme) -> Self {
+        Self::with_state(scheme, ())
     }
 }
 
@@ -53,8 +48,8 @@ where
     /// Creates a [`Device`] with the given state.
     #[must_use]
     #[inline]
-    pub fn with_state(state: S) -> Self {
-        Self::init(&DeviceKind::Unknown, state)
+    pub fn with_state(scheme: DeviceScheme, state: S) -> Self {
+        Self::init(scheme, state)
     }
 
     /// Sets the main route.
@@ -64,25 +59,79 @@ where
         self
     }
 
+    /// Sets the device description.
+    #[must_use]
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn description(mut self, description: &'static str) -> Self {
+        self.description.data.description = Some(Cow::Borrowed(description));
+        self
+    }
+
     /// Adds a route to [`Device`].
     #[must_use]
     #[inline]
     pub fn route(self, route: impl FnOnce(S) -> BaseResponse) -> Self {
         let base_response = route(self.state.clone());
-        self.response_data(base_response.finalize())
+        let response = base_response.finalize(self.description.data.scheme.allowed_hazards());
+        self.response_data(response)
     }
 
     /// Adds an informative route to [`Device`].
     #[must_use]
     pub fn info_route(self, device_info_route: impl FnOnce(S, ()) -> BaseResponse) -> Self {
         let base_response = device_info_route(self.state.clone(), ());
-        self.response_data(base_response.finalize())
+        let response = base_response.finalize(self.description.data.scheme.allowed_hazards());
+        self.response_data(response)
+    }
+
+    /// Builds a [`DeviceVerified`].
+    ///
+    /// # Errors
+    ///
+    /// - Returns an error if no **Wi-Fi** or **Ethernet** MAC address is
+    ///   available for the device ID.
+    /// - Returns an error if mandatory routes are missing or invalid.
+    pub fn build(mut self) -> Result<DeviceVerified> {
+        let (wifi_mac, ethernet_mac) = get_mac_addresses();
+        if wifi_mac.is_none() && ethernet_mac.is_none() {
+            let message = "No Wi-Fi or Ethernet MAC address is available for the device ID";
+            error!(message);
+            return Err(Error::new(ErrorKind::NoIdFound, message));
+        }
+
+        if let Some(missing_route) =
+            self.description
+                .data
+                .scheme
+                .mandatory_routes()
+                .iter()
+                .find(|&mandatory_route| {
+                    !self
+                        .description
+                        .route_configs
+                        .iter()
+                        .any(|route| route.data.path == *mandatory_route)
+                })
+        {
+            let message = format!("The mandatory route `{missing_route}` is missing");
+            error!(message);
+            return Err(Error::new(ErrorKind::MandatoryRoutes, message));
+        }
+
+        self.description.data.wifi_mac = wifi_mac;
+        self.description.data.ethernet_mac = ethernet_mac;
+        self.description.main_route = self.main_route.into();
+
+        Ok(DeviceVerified {
+            description: self.description,
+            main_route: self.main_route,
+            router: self.router,
+        })
     }
 
-    pub(crate) fn init<K: DeviceKindTrait>(kind: &K, state: S) -> Self {
-        let description =
-            DeviceDescription::new(DeviceKindId::from(kind), MAIN_ROUTE, RouteConfigs::new(), 0)
-                .environment(DeviceEnvironment::Os);
+    pub(crate) fn init(scheme: DeviceScheme, state: S) -> Self {
+        let description = DeviceDescription::new(scheme, MAIN_ROUTE, RouteConfigs::new())
+            .environment(DeviceEnvironment::Os);
         Self {
             description,
             main_route: MAIN_ROUTE,
@@ -96,28 +145,25 @@ where
         self.description.route_configs.add(data.0);
         self
     }
+}
 
-    pub(crate) fn mandatory_response_data<I>(mut self, responses: I) -> Self
-    where
-        I: IntoIterator<Item = (RouteConfig, Router)>,
-    {
-        let mut mandatory_routes = RouteConfigs::new();
-        for response in responses {
-            self.router = self.router.merge(response.1);
-            self.description.mandatory_routes += 1;
-            mandatory_routes.add(response.0);
-        }
-
-        self.description.route_configs = mandatory_routes.merge(self.description.route_configs);
-        self
-    }
-
-    pub(crate) fn finalize(mut self) -> (&'static str, DeviceDescription, Router) {
-        let (wifi_mac, ethernet_mac) = get_mac_addresses();
-        if wifi_mac.is_none() && ethernet_mac.is_none() {
-            warn!("Unable to retrieve any Wi-Fi or Ethernet MAC address.");
-        }
+/// A device with fully validated data.
+///
+/// [`DeviceVerified`] is a transient type, intended solely for passing
+/// validated device data to [`crate::server::Server`].
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct DeviceVerified {
+    // Device description.
+    description: DeviceDescription,
+    // Device main route.
+    main_route: &'static str,
+    // Device router.
+    router: Router,
+}
 
+impl DeviceVerified {
+    #[inline]
+    pub(crate) fn finalize(self) -> (&'static str, DeviceDescription, Router) {
         for route in &self.description.route_configs {
             info!(
                 "Device route: [{}, \"{}{}\"]",
@@ -125,10 +171,6 @@ where
             );
         }
 
-        self.description.data.wifi_mac = wifi_mac;
-        self.description.data.ethernet_mac = ethernet_mac;
-        self.description.main_route = self.main_route.into();
-
         (self.main_route, self.description, self.router)
     }
 }
@@ -139,7 +181,8 @@ mod tests {
 
     use core::ops::{Deref, DerefMut};
 
-    use tosca::device::DeviceMetrics;
+    use tosca::device::schemes::LIGHT_SCHEME;
+    use tosca::device::{DeviceMetrics, DeviceScheme};
     use tosca::energy::Energy;
     use tosca::route::Route;
 
@@ -149,11 +192,13 @@ mod tests {
 
     use tracing::error;
 
+    use crate::error::{Error, ErrorKind, Result};
+
     use crate::responses::error::ErrorResponse;
     use crate::responses::info::{InfoResponse, info_stateful};
     use crate::responses::serial::{SerialResponse, serial_stateful, serial_stateless};
 
-    use super::Device;
+    use super::{Device, DeviceVerified};
 
     #[derive(Clone)]
     struct DeviceState<S>
@@ -248,7 +293,7 @@ mod tests {
     async fn serial_response_with_state(
         State(_state): State<DeviceState<()>>,
         Json(inputs): Json<Inputs>,
-    ) -> Result<SerialResponse<DeviceResponse>, ErrorResponse> {
+    ) -> std::result::Result<SerialResponse<DeviceResponse>, ErrorResponse> {
         Ok(SerialResponse::new(DeviceResponse {
             parameter: inputs.parameter,
         }))
@@ -257,7 +302,7 @@ mod tests {
     async fn serial_response_with_substate1(
         State(_state): State<SubState>,
         Json(inputs): Json<Inputs>,
-    ) -> Result<SerialResponse<DeviceResponse>, ErrorResponse> {
+    ) -> std::result::Result<SerialResponse<DeviceResponse>, ErrorResponse> {
         Ok(SerialResponse::new(DeviceResponse {
             parameter: inputs.parameter,
         }))
@@ -265,7 +310,7 @@ mod tests {
 
     async fn info_response_with_substate2(
         State(state): State<DeviceInfoState>,
-    ) -> Result<InfoResponse, ErrorResponse> {
+    ) -> std::result::Result<InfoResponse, ErrorResponse> {
         // Retrieve the internal state.
         let mut device_info = state.lock().map_err(|e| {
             ErrorResponse::internal_with_error("Failed to obtain state lock", &e.to_string())
@@ -279,55 +324,113 @@ mod tests {
 
     async fn serial_response_without_state(
         Json(inputs): Json<Inputs>,
-    ) -> Result<SerialResponse<DeviceResponse>, ErrorResponse> {
+    ) -> std::result::Result<SerialResponse<DeviceResponse>, ErrorResponse> {
         Ok(SerialResponse::new(DeviceResponse {
             parameter: inputs.parameter,
         }))
     }
 
     struct AllRoutes {
-        with_state_route: Route,
-        without_state_route: Route,
+        route1: Route,
+        route2: Route,
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn light_routes() -> AllRoutes {
+        AllRoutes {
+            route1: Route::put("Light on", "/on").description("Turn light on."),
+
+            route2: Route::post("Light off", "/off").description("Turn light off"),
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn custom_routes() -> AllRoutes {
+        AllRoutes {
+            route1: Route::put("Switch on", "/switch-on").description("Switch something on."),
+
+            route2: Route::post("Switch off", "/switch-off").description("Switch something off"),
+        }
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    fn create_routes() -> AllRoutes {
+    fn state_routes() -> AllRoutes {
         AllRoutes {
-            with_state_route: Route::put("State response", "/state-response")
+            route1: Route::put("State response", "/state-response")
                 .description("Run response with state."),
 
-            without_state_route: Route::post("No state route", "/no-state-route")
+            route2: Route::post("No state route", "/no-state-route")
                 .description("Run response without state."),
         }
     }
 
+    #[inline]
+    fn create_device_for_routes(routes: AllRoutes, scheme: DeviceScheme) -> Result<DeviceVerified> {
+        Device::new(scheme)
+            .route(serial_stateless(
+                routes.route1,
+                serial_response_without_state,
+            ))
+            .route(serial_stateless(
+                routes.route2,
+                serial_response_without_state,
+            ))
+            .build()
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_light_device() {
+        assert!(create_device_for_routes(light_routes(), LIGHT_SCHEME).is_ok());
+    }
+
     #[test]
-    fn with_state() {
-        let routes = create_routes();
+    fn test_light_device_with_wrong_routes() {
+        let device_verified = create_device_for_routes(custom_routes(), LIGHT_SCHEME);
+        assert!(device_verified.map_or_else(
+            |e| e
+                == Error::new(
+                    ErrorKind::MandatoryRoutes,
+                    "The mandatory route `/on` is missing"
+                ),
+            |_| false
+        ));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_custom_device() {
+        assert!(
+            create_device_for_routes(custom_routes(), DeviceScheme::base_custom_scheme("Light"))
+                .is_ok()
+        );
+    }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn test_with_state() {
+        let routes = state_routes();
+        let scheme = DeviceScheme::base_custom_scheme("Light");
         let state = DeviceState::empty();
 
-        let _ = Device::with_state(state)
-            .route(serial_stateful(
-                routes.with_state_route,
-                serial_response_with_state,
-            ))
+        let device_verified = Device::with_state(scheme, state)
+            .route(serial_stateful(routes.route1, serial_response_with_state))
             .route(serial_stateless(
-                routes.without_state_route,
+                routes.route2,
                 serial_response_without_state,
-            ));
+            ))
+            .build();
+
+        assert!(device_verified.is_ok());
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn with_substates() {
-        let routes = create_routes();
-
+    fn test_with_substates() {
+        let routes = state_routes();
+        let scheme = DeviceScheme::base_custom_scheme("Light");
         let state = DeviceState::new(SubState {})
             .add_device_info(DeviceMetrics::with_energy(Energy::empty()));
 
-        let _ = Device::with_state(state)
+        let device_verified = Device::with_state(scheme, state)
             .route(serial_stateful(
-                routes.with_state_route,
+                routes.route1,
                 serial_response_with_substate1,
             ))
             .info_route(info_stateful(
@@ -336,18 +439,19 @@ mod tests {
                 info_response_with_substate2,
             ))
             .route(serial_stateless(
-                routes.without_state_route,
+                routes.route2,
                 serial_response_without_state,
-            ));
+            ))
+            .build();
+
+        assert!(device_verified.is_ok());
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn without_state() {
-        let routes = create_routes();
-
-        let _ = Device::new().route(serial_stateless(
-            routes.without_state_route,
-            serial_response_without_state,
-        ));
+    fn test_without_state() {
+        assert!(
+            create_device_for_routes(state_routes(), DeviceScheme::base_custom_scheme("Light"))
+                .is_ok()
+        );
     }
 }
diff --git a/crates/tosca-os/src/devices/light.rs b/crates/tosca-os/src/devices/light.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index 87a1d597..00000000
--- a/crates/tosca-os/src/devices/light.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,350 +0,0 @@
-use axum::Router;
-
-use tosca::device::DeviceKind;
-use tosca::hazards::Hazard;
-use tosca::route::{LightOffRoute, LightOnRoute, Route, RouteConfig};
-
-use crate::device::Device;
-use crate::error::Result;
-use crate::responses::{BaseResponse, MandatoryResponse};
-
-// Default main route.
-const MAIN_ROUTE: &str = "/light";
-
-// Allowed hazards.
-const ALLOWED_HAZARDS: &[Hazard] = &[
-    Hazard::FireHazard,
-    Hazard::ElectricEnergyConsumption,
-    Hazard::LogEnergyConsumption,
-];
-
-/// A `light` device.
-///
-/// Its methods guide in the definition of a correct light.
-///
-/// The default main route is **/light**.
-pub struct Light<const M1: bool, const M2: bool, S = ()>
-where
-    S: Clone + Send + Sync + 'static,
-{
-    // Internal device.
-    device: Device<S>,
-    // Turn light on.
-    turn_light_on: MandatoryResponse<M1>,
-    // Turn light off.
-    turn_light_off: MandatoryResponse<M2>,
-}
-
-impl Default for Light<false, false, ()> {
-    fn default() -> Self {
-        Self::new()
-    }
-}
-
-impl Light<false, false, ()> {
-    /// Creates a [`Light`] without a state.
-    #[must_use]
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn new() -> Self {
-        Self::with_state(())
-    }
-}
-
-impl<S> Light<false, false, S>
-where
-    S: Clone + Send + Sync + 'static,
-{
-    /// Creates a [`Light`] with a state.
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn with_state(state: S) -> Self {
-        let device = Device::init(&DeviceKind::Light, state).main_route(MAIN_ROUTE);
-
-        Self {
-            device,
-            turn_light_on: MandatoryResponse::empty(),
-            turn_light_off: MandatoryResponse::empty(),
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Turns on the light.
-    ///
-    /// **Calling this method is required, or a compilation error will occur.**
-    pub fn turn_light_on(
-        self,
-        route: LightOnRoute,
-        turn_light_on: impl FnOnce(Route, S) -> MandatoryResponse<false>,
-    ) -> Light<true, false, S> {
-        let turn_light_on = turn_light_on(route.into_route(), self.device.state.clone());
-
-        Light {
-            device: self.device,
-            turn_light_on: MandatoryResponse::init(turn_light_on.base_response),
-            turn_light_off: self.turn_light_off,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl<S> Light<true, false, S>
-where
-    S: Clone + Send + Sync + 'static,
-{
-    /// Turns off the light.
-    ///
-    /// **Calling this method is required, or a compilation error will occur.**
-    pub fn turn_light_off(
-        self,
-        route: LightOffRoute,
-        turn_light_off: impl FnOnce(Route, S) -> MandatoryResponse<false>,
-    ) -> Light<true, true, S> {
-        let turn_light_off = turn_light_off(route.into_route(), self.device.state.clone());
-
-        Light {
-            device: self.device,
-            turn_light_on: self.turn_light_on,
-            turn_light_off: MandatoryResponse::init(turn_light_off.base_response),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl<S> Light<true, true, S>
-where
-    S: Clone + Send + Sync + 'static,
-{
-    /// Sets the main route.
-    #[must_use]
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn main_route(mut self, main_route: &'static str) -> Self {
-        self.device = self.device.main_route(main_route);
-        self
-    }
-
-    /// Adds a route to [`Light`].
-    ///
-    /// # Errors
-    ///
-    /// Returns an error if the route contains hazards not allowed for
-    /// [`Light`].
-    pub fn route(mut self, light_route: impl FnOnce(S) -> BaseResponse) -> Result<Self> {
-        let base_response = light_route(self.device.state.clone());
-
-        self.device = self
-            .device
-            .response_data(Self::check_allowed_hazards(base_response));
-
-        Ok(self)
-    }
-
-    /// Adds an informative route to [`Light`].
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn info_route(mut self, light_info_route: impl FnOnce(S, ()) -> BaseResponse) -> Self {
-        let base_response = light_info_route(self.device.state.clone(), ());
-
-        self.device = self
-            .device
-            .response_data(Self::check_allowed_hazards(base_response));
-
-        self
-    }
-
-    /// Builds a [`Device`].
-    ///
-    /// **This method consumes the light.**
-    pub fn build(self) -> Device<S> {
-        self.device.mandatory_response_data([
-            Self::check_allowed_hazards(self.turn_light_on.base_response),
-            Self::check_allowed_hazards(self.turn_light_off.base_response),
-        ])
-    }
-
-    fn check_allowed_hazards(base_response: BaseResponse) -> (RouteConfig, Router) {
-        base_response.finalize_with_hazards(ALLOWED_HAZARDS)
-    }
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use tosca::hazards::Hazard;
-    use tosca::parameters::Parameters;
-    use tosca::route::Route;
-
-    use axum::extract::{Json, State};
-
-    use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
-
-    use crate::devices::light::{LightOffRoute, LightOnRoute};
-    use crate::responses::error::ErrorResponse;
-    use crate::responses::ok::{
-        OkResponse, mandatory_ok_stateful, mandatory_ok_stateless, ok_stateful, ok_stateless,
-    };
-    use crate::responses::serial::{
-        SerialResponse, mandatory_serial_stateful, mandatory_serial_stateless, serial_stateful,
-        serial_stateless,
-    };
-
-    use super::Light;
-
-    #[derive(Clone)]
-    struct LightState;
-
-    #[derive(Deserialize)]
-    struct Inputs {
-        brightness: f64,
-        #[serde(alias = "save-energy")]
-        save_energy: bool,
-    }
-
-    #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize)]
-    struct LightOnResponse {
-        brightness: f64,
-        #[serde(rename = "save-energy")]
-        save_energy: bool,
-    }
-
-    async fn turn_light_on(
-        State(_state): State<LightState>,
-        Json(inputs): Json<Inputs>,
-    ) -> Result<SerialResponse<LightOnResponse>, ErrorResponse> {
-        Ok(SerialResponse::new(LightOnResponse {
-            brightness: inputs.brightness,
-            save_energy: inputs.save_energy,
-        }))
-    }
-
-    async fn turn_light_on_stateless(
-        Json(inputs): Json<Inputs>,
-    ) -> Result<SerialResponse<LightOnResponse>, ErrorResponse> {
-        Ok(SerialResponse::new(LightOnResponse {
-            brightness: inputs.brightness,
-            save_energy: inputs.save_energy,
-        }))
-    }
-
-    async fn turn_light_off(State(_state): State<LightState>) -> Result<OkResponse, ErrorResponse> {
-        Ok(OkResponse::ok())
-    }
-
-    async fn turn_light_off_stateless() -> Result<OkResponse, ErrorResponse> {
-        Ok(OkResponse::ok())
-    }
-
-    async fn toggle(State(_state): State<LightState>) -> Result<OkResponse, ErrorResponse> {
-        Ok(OkResponse::ok())
-    }
-
-    async fn toggle_stateless() -> Result<OkResponse, ErrorResponse> {
-        Ok(OkResponse::ok())
-    }
-
-    struct Routes {
-        light_on: LightOnRoute,
-        light_on_post: Route,
-        light_off: LightOffRoute,
-        toggle: Route,
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    fn create_routes() -> Routes {
-        Routes {
-            light_on: LightOnRoute::put("On")
-                .description("Turn light on.")
-                .with_hazard(Hazard::ElectricEnergyConsumption)
-                .with_parameters(
-                    Parameters::new()
-                        .rangef64("brightness", (0., 20., 0.1))
-                        .bool("save-energy", false),
-                ),
-
-            light_on_post: Route::post("On Post", "/on-post")
-                .description("Turn light on.")
-                .with_hazard(Hazard::ElectricEnergyConsumption)
-                .with_parameters(
-                    Parameters::new()
-                        .rangef64("brightness", (0., 20., 0.1))
-                        .bool("save-energy", false),
-                ),
-
-            light_off: LightOffRoute::put("Off").description("Turn light off."),
-
-            toggle: Route::put("Toggle", "/toggle")
-                .description("Toggle a light.")
-                .with_hazard(Hazard::ElectricEnergyConsumption),
-        }
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn complete_with_state() {
-        let routes = create_routes();
-
-        let _ = Light::with_state(LightState {})
-            .turn_light_on(routes.light_on, mandatory_serial_stateful(turn_light_on))
-            .turn_light_off(routes.light_off, mandatory_ok_stateful(turn_light_off))
-            .route(serial_stateful(routes.light_on_post, turn_light_on))
-            .unwrap()
-            .route(ok_stateful(routes.toggle, toggle))
-            .unwrap()
-            .build();
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn without_response_with_state() {
-        let routes = create_routes();
-
-        let _ = Light::with_state(LightState {})
-            .turn_light_on(routes.light_on, mandatory_serial_stateful(turn_light_on))
-            .turn_light_off(routes.light_off, mandatory_ok_stateful(turn_light_off))
-            .build();
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn stateless_response_with_state() {
-        let routes = create_routes();
-
-        let _ = Light::with_state(LightState {})
-            .turn_light_on(routes.light_on, mandatory_serial_stateful(turn_light_on))
-            .turn_light_off(routes.light_off, mandatory_ok_stateful(turn_light_off))
-            .route(serial_stateful(routes.light_on_post, turn_light_on))
-            .unwrap()
-            .route(ok_stateless(routes.toggle, toggle_stateless))
-            .unwrap()
-            .build();
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn complete_without_state() {
-        let routes = create_routes();
-
-        let _ = Light::new()
-            .turn_light_on(
-                routes.light_on,
-                mandatory_serial_stateless(turn_light_on_stateless),
-            )
-            .turn_light_off(
-                routes.light_off,
-                mandatory_ok_stateless(turn_light_off_stateless),
-            )
-            .route(serial_stateless(
-                routes.light_on_post,
-                turn_light_on_stateless,
-            ))
-            .unwrap()
-            .route(ok_stateless(routes.toggle, toggle_stateless))
-            .unwrap()
-            .build();
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn without_response_and_state() {
-        let routes = create_routes();
-
-        let _ = Light::new()
-            .turn_light_on(
-                routes.light_on,
-                mandatory_serial_stateless(turn_light_on_stateless),
-            )
-            .turn_light_off(
-                routes.light_off,
-                mandatory_ok_stateless(turn_light_off_stateless),
-            )
-            .build();
-    }
-}
diff --git a/crates/tosca-os/src/devices/mod.rs b/crates/tosca-os/src/devices/mod.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index 95452f15..00000000
--- a/crates/tosca-os/src/devices/mod.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-/// A `light` device.
-pub mod light;
diff --git a/crates/tosca-os/src/error.rs b/crates/tosca-os/src/error.rs
index da67f8ba..138d74ac 100644
--- a/crates/tosca-os/src/error.rs
+++ b/crates/tosca-os/src/error.rs
@@ -2,21 +2,28 @@ use std::borrow::Cow;
 
 /// All possible error kinds.
 #[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone)]
+#[cfg_attr(test, derive(PartialEq))]
 pub enum ErrorKind {
-    /// Errors encountered while configuring the discovery service.
-    Service,
+    /// Failed to find a device ID.
+    NoIdFound,
     /// Not found address.
     NotFoundAddress,
+    /// Mandatory routes are missing or invalid.
+    MandatoryRoutes,
     /// Errors encountered while serializing or deserializing a file.
     Serialization,
+    /// Errors encountered while configuring the discovery service.
+    Service,
 }
 
 impl ErrorKind {
     pub(crate) const fn description(self) -> &'static str {
         match self {
-            Self::Service => "Service",
+            Self::NoIdFound => "No Device ID Found",
             Self::NotFoundAddress => "Not Found Address",
+            Self::MandatoryRoutes => "Mandatory Routes",
             Self::Serialization => "Serialization",
+            Self::Service => "Service",
         }
     }
 }
@@ -28,6 +35,7 @@ impl std::fmt::Display for ErrorKind {
 }
 
 /// A library error.
+#[cfg_attr(test, derive(PartialEq))]
 pub struct Error {
     kind: ErrorKind,
     description: Cow<'static, str>,
diff --git a/crates/tosca-os/src/lib.rs b/crates/tosca-os/src/lib.rs
index 50cd7e45..52664cb8 100644
--- a/crates/tosca-os/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/tosca-os/src/lib.rs
@@ -34,10 +34,7 @@
 //!
 //! An `std` environment is required to obtain full crate functionality.
 
-/// All supported device types.
-pub mod devices;
-
-/// General device definition along with its methods.
+/// A device definition along with its methods.
 pub mod device;
 /// Error management.
 pub mod error;
diff --git a/crates/tosca-os/src/responses/mod.rs b/crates/tosca-os/src/responses/mod.rs
index ec7b6222..0d6a97f8 100644
--- a/crates/tosca-os/src/responses/mod.rs
+++ b/crates/tosca-os/src/responses/mod.rs
@@ -124,59 +124,16 @@ impl BaseResponse {
         }
     }
 
-    pub(crate) fn finalize_with_hazards(self, allowed_hazards: &[Hazard]) -> (RouteConfig, Router) {
-        (
+    pub(crate) fn finalize(self, allowed_hazards: &[Hazard]) -> (RouteConfig, Router) {
+        let route = if allowed_hazards.is_empty() {
+            self.route.serialize_data()
+        } else {
             self.route
                 .remove_prohibited_hazards(allowed_hazards)
                 .serialize_data()
-                .change_response_kind(self.response_kind),
-            self.router,
-        )
-    }
-
-    pub(crate) fn finalize(self) -> (RouteConfig, Router) {
-        (
-            self.route
-                .serialize_data()
-                .change_response_kind(self.response_kind),
-            self.router,
-        )
-    }
-}
-
-/// A mandatory [`BaseResponse`].
-///
-/// This structure acts as a wrapper for a [`BaseResponse`], making it
-/// mandatory.
-pub struct MandatoryResponse<const SET: bool> {
-    pub(crate) base_response: BaseResponse,
-}
-
-impl MandatoryResponse<false> {
-    pub(crate) fn empty() -> Self {
-        Self {
-            base_response: BaseResponse {
-                router: Router::new(),
-                route: Route::get("", ""),
-                response_kind: ResponseKind::Ok,
-            },
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub(super) const fn new(base_response: BaseResponse) -> Self {
-        Self { base_response }
-    }
-}
-
-impl MandatoryResponse<true> {
-    /// Returns a reference to the internal [`BaseResponse`].
-    #[must_use]
-    pub const fn base_response_as_ref(&self) -> &BaseResponse {
-        &self.base_response
-    }
+        };
 
-    pub(crate) const fn init(base_response: BaseResponse) -> Self {
-        Self { base_response }
+        (route.change_response_kind(self.response_kind), self.router)
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/crates/tosca-os/src/responses/ok.rs b/crates/tosca-os/src/responses/ok.rs
index 5b08d3f5..3e3b936c 100644
--- a/crates/tosca-os/src/responses/ok.rs
+++ b/crates/tosca-os/src/responses/ok.rs
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ use axum::{
 
 use serde::Serialize;
 
-use super::{BaseResponse, MandatoryResponse, error::ErrorResponse};
+use super::{BaseResponse, error::ErrorResponse};
 
 /// A response which transmits a concise JSON message over the network to notify
 /// a controller that an operation completed successfully.
@@ -60,26 +60,6 @@ macro_rules! impl_ok_type_name {
 }
 super::all_the_tuples!(impl_ok_type_name);
 
-/// Creates a stateful [`MandatoryResponse`] from an [`OkResponse`].
-#[inline]
-pub fn mandatory_ok_stateful<H, T, S>(
-    handler: H,
-) -> impl FnOnce(Route, S) -> MandatoryResponse<false>
-where
-    H: Handler<T, S> + private::OkTypeName<T>,
-    T: 'static,
-    S: Clone + Send + Sync + 'static,
-{
-    move |route: Route, state: S| {
-        MandatoryResponse::new(BaseResponse::stateful(
-            route,
-            ResponseKind::Ok,
-            handler,
-            state,
-        ))
-    }
-}
-
 /// Creates a stateful [`BaseResponse`] from an [`OkResponse`].
 #[inline]
 pub fn ok_stateful<H, T, S>(route: Route, handler: H) -> impl FnOnce(S) -> BaseResponse
@@ -91,21 +71,6 @@ where
     move |state: S| BaseResponse::stateful(route, ResponseKind::Ok, handler, state)
 }
 
-/// Creates a stateless [`MandatoryResponse`] from an [`OkResponse`].
-#[inline]
-pub fn mandatory_ok_stateless<H, T, S>(
-    handler: H,
-) -> impl FnOnce(Route, S) -> MandatoryResponse<false>
-where
-    H: Handler<T, ()> + private::OkTypeName<T>,
-    T: 'static,
-    S: Clone + Send + Sync + 'static,
-{
-    move |route: Route, _state: S| {
-        MandatoryResponse::new(BaseResponse::stateless(route, ResponseKind::Ok, handler))
-    }
-}
-
 /// Creates a stateless [`BaseResponse`] from an [`OkResponse`].
 #[inline]
 pub fn ok_stateless<H, T, S>(route: Route, handler: H) -> impl FnOnce(S) -> BaseResponse
diff --git a/crates/tosca-os/src/responses/serial.rs b/crates/tosca-os/src/responses/serial.rs
index 9a71bab5..038ca931 100644
--- a/crates/tosca-os/src/responses/serial.rs
+++ b/crates/tosca-os/src/responses/serial.rs
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ use axum::{
 
 use serde::Serialize;
 
-use super::{BaseResponse, MandatoryResponse, error::ErrorResponse};
+use super::{BaseResponse, error::ErrorResponse};
 
 /// A response which transmits a JSON message over the network containing
 /// the data produced during a device operation.
@@ -62,26 +62,6 @@ macro_rules! impl_serial_type_name {
 
 super::all_the_tuples!(impl_serial_type_name);
 
-/// Creates a stateful [`MandatoryResponse`] from a [`SerialResponse`].
-#[inline]
-pub fn mandatory_serial_stateful<H, T, S>(
-    handler: H,
-) -> impl FnOnce(Route, S) -> MandatoryResponse<false>
-where
-    H: Handler<T, S> + private::SerialTypeName<T>,
-    T: 'static,
-    S: Clone + Send + Sync + 'static,
-{
-    move |route: Route, state: S| {
-        MandatoryResponse::new(BaseResponse::stateful(
-            route,
-            ResponseKind::Serial,
-            handler,
-            state,
-        ))
-    }
-}
-
 /// Creates a stateful [`BaseResponse`] from a [`SerialResponse`].
 #[inline]
 pub fn serial_stateful<H, T, S>(route: Route, handler: H) -> impl FnOnce(S) -> BaseResponse
@@ -93,25 +73,6 @@ where
     move |state: S| BaseResponse::stateful(route, ResponseKind::Serial, handler, state)
 }
 
-/// Creates a stateless [`MandatoryResponse`] from a [`SerialResponse`].
-#[inline]
-pub fn mandatory_serial_stateless<H, T, S>(
-    handler: H,
-) -> impl FnOnce(Route, S) -> MandatoryResponse<false>
-where
-    H: Handler<T, ()> + private::SerialTypeName<T>,
-    T: 'static,
-    S: Clone + Send + Sync + 'static,
-{
-    move |route: Route, _state: S| {
-        MandatoryResponse::new(BaseResponse::stateless(
-            route,
-            ResponseKind::Serial,
-            handler,
-        ))
-    }
-}
-
 /// Creates a stateless [`BaseResponse`] from a [`SerialResponse`].
 #[inline]
 pub fn serial_stateless<H, T, S>(route: Route, handler: H) -> impl FnOnce(S) -> BaseResponse
diff --git a/crates/tosca-os/src/responses/stream.rs b/crates/tosca-os/src/responses/stream.rs
index 139eaafa..d488ddfb 100644
--- a/crates/tosca-os/src/responses/stream.rs
+++ b/crates/tosca-os/src/responses/stream.rs
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ use futures_core::TryStream;
 use tokio::io::AsyncRead;
 use tokio_util::io::ReaderStream;
 
-use super::{BaseResponse, MandatoryResponse, error::ErrorResponse};
+use super::{BaseResponse, error::ErrorResponse};
 
 /// A response that transmits a stream of data as a sequence of bytes
 /// over the network.
@@ -105,26 +105,6 @@ macro_rules! impl_empty_type_name {
 }
 super::all_the_tuples!(impl_empty_type_name);
 
-/// Creates a stateful [`MandatoryResponse`] from a [`StreamResponse`].
-#[inline]
-pub fn mandatory_stream_stateful<H, T, S>(
-    handler: H,
-) -> impl FnOnce(Route, S) -> MandatoryResponse<false>
-where
-    H: Handler<T, S> + private::StreamTypeName<T>,
-    T: 'static,
-    S: Clone + Send + Sync + 'static,
-{
-    move |route: Route, state: S| {
-        MandatoryResponse::new(BaseResponse::stateful(
-            route,
-            ResponseKind::Stream,
-            handler,
-            state,
-        ))
-    }
-}
-
 /// Creates a stateful [`BaseResponse`] from a [`StreamResponse`].
 #[inline]
 pub fn stream_stateful<H, T, S>(route: Route, handler: H) -> impl FnOnce(S) -> BaseResponse
@@ -136,25 +116,6 @@ where
     move |state: S| BaseResponse::stateful(route, ResponseKind::Stream, handler, state)
 }
 
-/// Creates a stateless [`MandatoryResponse`] from a [`StreamResponse`].
-#[inline]
-pub fn mandatory_stream_stateless<H, T, S>(
-    handler: H,
-) -> impl FnOnce(Route, S) -> MandatoryResponse<false>
-where
-    H: Handler<T, ()> + private::StreamTypeName<T>,
-    T: 'static,
-    S: Clone + Send + Sync + 'static,
-{
-    move |route: Route, _state: S| {
-        MandatoryResponse::new(BaseResponse::stateless(
-            route,
-            ResponseKind::Stream,
-            handler,
-        ))
-    }
-}
-
 /// Creates a stateless [`BaseResponse`] from a [`StreamResponse`].
 #[inline]
 pub fn stream_stateless<H, T, S>(route: Route, handler: H) -> impl FnOnce(S) -> BaseResponse
diff --git a/crates/tosca-os/src/server.rs b/crates/tosca-os/src/server.rs
index 7046fe44..1bd1d48b 100644
--- a/crates/tosca-os/src/server.rs
+++ b/crates/tosca-os/src/server.rs
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ use axum::{Router, response::Redirect};
 
 use tracing::info;
 
-use crate::device::Device;
+use crate::device::DeviceVerified;
 use crate::error::Result;
 use crate::services::{Service, ServiceConfig};
 
@@ -29,10 +29,7 @@ const DEFAULT_SCHEME: &str = "http";
 const DEFAULT_WELL_KNOWN_SERVICE: &str = "tosca";
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
-struct ServerData<'a, S>
-where
-    S: Clone + Send + Sync + 'static,
-{
+struct ServerData<'a> {
     // HTTP address.
     http_address: Ipv4Addr,
     // Server port.
@@ -44,24 +41,19 @@ where
     // Service configurator.
     service_config: Option<ServiceConfig<'a>>,
     // Device.
-    device: Device<S>,
+    device: DeviceVerified,
 }
 
 /// A server running indefinitely on the firmware.
 #[derive(Debug)]
-pub struct Server<'a, S = ()>
-where
-    S: Clone + Send + Sync + 'static,
-{
-    data: ServerData<'a, S>,
+pub struct Server<'a> {
+    data: ServerData<'a>,
 }
 
-impl<'a, S> Server<'a, S>
-where
-    S: Clone + Send + Sync + 'static,
-{
-    /// Creates a [`Server`] from the given [`Device`].
-    pub const fn new(device: Device<S>) -> Self {
+impl<'a> Server<'a> {
+    /// Creates a [`Server`] from the given [`DeviceVerified`].
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn new(device: DeviceVerified) -> Self {
         Self {
             data: ServerData {
                 http_address: DEFAULT_HTTP_ADDRESS,
@@ -116,7 +108,7 @@ where
     /// the server.
     #[must_use]
     #[inline]
-    pub fn with_graceful_shutdown<F>(self, signal: F) -> GracefulShutdownServer<'a, S, F>
+    pub fn with_graceful_shutdown<F>(self, signal: F) -> GracefulShutdownServer<'a, F>
     where
         F: Future<Output = ()> + Send + 'static,
     {
@@ -143,19 +135,15 @@ where
 /// Aside from the graceful shutdown functionality, it behaves the same as
 /// [`Server`].
 #[derive(Debug)]
-pub struct GracefulShutdownServer<'a, S, F>
-where
-    S: Clone + Send + Sync + 'static,
-{
+pub struct GracefulShutdownServer<'a, F> {
     // Server data.
-    data: ServerData<'a, S>,
+    data: ServerData<'a>,
     // Graceful shutdown signal.
     signal: F,
 }
 
-impl<S, F> GracefulShutdownServer<'_, S, F>
+impl<F> GracefulShutdownServer<'_, F>
 where
-    S: Clone + Send + Sync + 'static,
     F: Future<Output = ()> + Send + 'static,
 {
     /// Runs the server with graceful shutdown.
diff --git a/crates/tosca/src/device.rs b/crates/tosca/src/device.rs
index d8aa54b1..5eec47c4 100644
--- a/crates/tosca/src/device.rs
+++ b/crates/tosca/src/device.rs
@@ -1,106 +1,200 @@
+use alloc::borrow::Cow;
+
 use serde::Serialize;
 
 use crate::economy::Economy;
 use crate::energy::Energy;
 use crate::events::EventsDescription;
+use crate::hazards::Hazard;
 use crate::route::RouteConfigs;
 
-/// Trait for device kind types.
-///
-/// Firmware authors implement this on their own enum.
-///
-/// # Example
-///
-/// ```rust
-/// use tosca::device::DeviceKindTrait;
-///
-/// #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq)]
-/// enum MyDeviceKind {
-///     Relay,
-///     MotorController,
-/// }
-///
-/// impl DeviceKindTrait for MyDeviceKind {
-///     fn name(&self) -> &'static str {
-///         match self {
-///             Self::Relay => "Relay",
-///             Self::MotorController => "MotorController",
-///         }
-///     }
-/// }
-/// ```
-pub trait DeviceKindTrait {
-    /// Returns the display name of this device kind.
-    fn name(&self) -> &'static str;
-}
-
 /// A device kind.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Serialize)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Serialize)]
 #[cfg_attr(feature = "deserialize", derive(serde::Deserialize))]
 pub enum DeviceKind {
-    /// Unknown.
-    Unknown,
     /// Light.
     Light,
-}
-
-impl DeviceKindTrait for DeviceKind {
-    fn name(&self) -> &'static str {
-        match self {
-            Self::Unknown => "Unknown",
-            Self::Light => "Light",
-        }
-    }
+    /// Custom.
+    Custom(Cow<'static, str>),
 }
 
 impl core::fmt::Display for DeviceKind {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut core::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> core::fmt::Result {
-        write!(f, "{}", self.name())
+        f.write_str(match self {
+            Self::Light => "Light",
+            Self::Custom(kind) => kind,
+        })
     }
 }
 
-/// A string-backed device kind identifier.
+/// A device scheme.
 ///
-/// Used in [`DeviceData`] for serialization over the wire. The controller
-/// deserializes into this type, so it can handle any device kind including
-/// ones it has never seen before.
+/// A scheme consists of:
 ///
-/// On the firmware side, this is constructed automatically from any type
-/// that implements [`DeviceKind`] via the [`From`] impl.
+/// - A device kind
+/// - A list of all mandatory route names
+/// - A list of hazards allowed for the device
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Serialize)]
-#[cfg_attr(feature = "deserialize", derive(serde::Deserialize))]
-#[serde(transparent)]
-pub struct DeviceKindId(alloc::borrow::Cow<'static, str>);
+pub struct DeviceScheme {
+    pub(super) kind: DeviceKind,
+    pub(super) mandatory_routes: &'static [&'static str],
+    pub(super) allowed_hazards: &'static [Hazard],
+}
+
+impl DeviceScheme {
+    /// Creates a base custom scheme with a device kind only.
+    #[must_use]
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn base_custom_scheme(custom_kind: &'static str) -> Self {
+        Self::new(DeviceKind::Custom(Cow::Borrowed(custom_kind)), &[], &[])
+    }
+
+    /// Creates a custom scheme with device kind and mandatory routes.
+    #[must_use]
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn custom_scheme_with_mandatory_routes(
+        custom_kind: &'static str,
+        mandatory_routes: &'static [&'static str],
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self::new(
+            DeviceKind::Custom(Cow::Borrowed(custom_kind)),
+            mandatory_routes,
+            &[],
+        )
+    }
 
-impl DeviceKindId {
-    /// Creates a new [`DeviceKindId`] from a static string.
+    /// Creates a custom scheme with device kind and allowed hazards.
     #[must_use]
-    pub const fn new(name: &'static str) -> Self {
-        Self(alloc::borrow::Cow::Borrowed(name))
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn custom_scheme_with_allowed_hazards(
+        custom_kind: &'static str,
+        allowed_hazards: &'static [Hazard],
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self::new(
+            DeviceKind::Custom(Cow::Borrowed(custom_kind)),
+            &[],
+            allowed_hazards,
+        )
     }
 
-    /// Returns the device kind name.
+    /// Creates a complete custom scheme.
     #[must_use]
-    pub fn name(&self) -> &str {
-        &self.0
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn custom_scheme(
+        custom_kind: &'static str,
+        mandatory_routes: &'static [&'static str],
+        allowed_hazards: &'static [Hazard],
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self::new(
+            DeviceKind::Custom(Cow::Borrowed(custom_kind)),
+            mandatory_routes,
+            allowed_hazards,
+        )
     }
 
-    /// Checks if this ID matches a known [`DeviceKind`] value.
+    /// Returns an immutable reference to [`DeviceKind`].
     #[must_use]
-    pub fn matches<K: DeviceKindTrait>(&self, kind: &K) -> bool {
-        self.0 == kind.name()
+    pub const fn kind(&self) -> &DeviceKind {
+        &self.kind
+    }
+
+    /// Returns an immutable reference to mandatory routes.
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn mandatory_routes(&self) -> &'static [&'static str] {
+        self.mandatory_routes
+    }
+
+    /// Returns an immutable reference to allowed hazards.
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn allowed_hazards(&self) -> &'static [Hazard] {
+        self.allowed_hazards
+    }
+
+    const fn new(
+        kind: DeviceKind,
+        mandatory_routes: &'static [&'static str],
+        allowed_hazards: &'static [Hazard],
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            kind,
+            mandatory_routes,
+            allowed_hazards,
+        }
     }
 }
 
-impl core::fmt::Display for DeviceKindId {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut core::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> core::fmt::Result {
-        write!(f, "{}", self.0)
+/// A series of device schemes.
+pub mod schemes {
+    use crate::hazards::Hazard;
+
+    use super::{DeviceKind, DeviceScheme};
+
+    /// A light scheme.
+    pub const LIGHT_SCHEME: DeviceScheme = DeviceScheme::new(
+        DeviceKind::Light,
+        &["/on", "/off"],
+        &[
+            Hazard::FireHazard,
+            Hazard::ElectricEnergyConsumption,
+            Hazard::LogEnergyConsumption,
+            Hazard::LogUsageTime,
+            Hazard::PowerOutage,
+            Hazard::PowerSurge,
+        ],
+    );
+}
+
+/// An owned device scheme.
+///
+/// A scheme consists of:
+///
+/// - A device kind
+/// - A list of all mandatory route names
+/// - A list of hazards allowed for the device
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
+#[cfg(feature = "deserialize")]
+pub struct DeviceSchemeOwned {
+    kind: DeviceKind,
+    mandatory_routes: alloc::vec::Vec<alloc::string::String>,
+    allowed_hazards: alloc::vec::Vec<Hazard>,
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "deserialize")]
+impl From<DeviceScheme> for DeviceSchemeOwned {
+    fn from(device_scheme: DeviceScheme) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            kind: device_scheme.kind,
+            mandatory_routes: device_scheme
+                .mandatory_routes
+                .iter()
+                .copied()
+                .map(alloc::string::String::from)
+                .collect(),
+            allowed_hazards: device_scheme.allowed_hazards.to_vec(),
+        }
     }
 }
 
-impl<K: DeviceKindTrait> From<&K> for DeviceKindId {
-    fn from(kind: &K) -> Self {
-        Self::new(kind.name())
+#[cfg(feature = "deserialize")]
+impl DeviceSchemeOwned {
+    /// Returns an immutable reference to [`DeviceKind`].
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn kind(&self) -> &DeviceKind {
+        &self.kind
+    }
+
+    /// Returns an immutable reference to mandatory routes.
+    #[must_use]
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn mandatory_routes(&self) -> &[alloc::string::String] {
+        &self.mandatory_routes
+    }
+
+    /// Returns an immutable reference to allowed hazards.
+    #[must_use]
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn allowed_hazards(&self) -> &[Hazard] {
+        &self.allowed_hazards
     }
 }
 
@@ -119,7 +213,7 @@ pub enum DeviceEnvironment {
 }
 
 /// Device metrics.
-#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Clone, Serialize)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Serialize)]
 #[cfg_attr(feature = "deserialize", derive(serde::Deserialize))]
 pub struct DeviceMetrics {
     /// Energy metrics.
@@ -171,15 +265,19 @@ impl DeviceMetrics {
 }
 
 /// Device data.
-#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Serialize)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Serialize)]
 #[cfg_attr(feature = "deserialize", derive(serde::Deserialize))]
 pub struct DeviceData {
-    /// Device kind.
-    pub kind: DeviceKindId,
+    /// Device scheme.
+    #[cfg(not(feature = "deserialize"))]
+    pub scheme: DeviceScheme,
+    /// Device scheme.
+    #[cfg(feature = "deserialize")]
+    pub scheme: DeviceSchemeOwned,
     /// Device environment.
     pub environment: DeviceEnvironment,
     /// Device description.
-    pub description: Option<alloc::borrow::Cow<'static, str>>,
+    pub description: Option<Cow<'static, str>>,
     /// Wi-Fi MAC address.
     #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
     pub wifi_mac: Option<[u8; 6]>,
@@ -190,9 +288,12 @@ pub struct DeviceData {
 
 impl DeviceData {
     #[inline]
-    fn new(kind: DeviceKindId) -> Self {
+    fn new(scheme: DeviceScheme) -> Self {
         Self {
-            kind,
+            #[cfg(not(feature = "deserialize"))]
+            scheme,
+            #[cfg(feature = "deserialize")]
+            scheme: DeviceSchemeOwned::from(scheme),
             environment: DeviceEnvironment::Embedded,
             description: None,
             wifi_mac: None,
@@ -202,18 +303,16 @@ impl DeviceData {
 }
 
 /// Device description.
-#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Serialize)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Serialize)]
 #[cfg_attr(feature = "deserialize", derive(serde::Deserialize))]
 pub struct DeviceDescription {
     /// Device data.
     #[serde(flatten)]
     pub data: DeviceData,
     /// Device main route.
-    pub main_route: alloc::borrow::Cow<'static, str>,
+    pub main_route: Cow<'static, str>,
     /// All device route configurations.
     pub route_configs: RouteConfigs,
-    /// Number of mandatory routes.
-    pub mandatory_routes: u8,
     /// Events description.
     #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
     pub events_description: Option<EventsDescription>,
@@ -224,16 +323,14 @@ impl DeviceDescription {
     #[inline]
     #[must_use]
     pub fn new(
-        kind: DeviceKindId,
-        main_route: impl Into<alloc::borrow::Cow<'static, str>>,
+        scheme: DeviceScheme,
+        main_route: &'static str,
         route_configs: RouteConfigs,
-        mandatory_routes: u8,
     ) -> Self {
         Self {
-            data: DeviceData::new(kind),
-            main_route: main_route.into(),
+            data: DeviceData::new(scheme),
+            main_route: Cow::Borrowed(main_route),
             route_configs,
-            mandatory_routes,
             events_description: None,
         }
     }
@@ -262,11 +359,8 @@ impl DeviceDescription {
     /// Sets the device text description.
     #[inline]
     #[must_use]
-    pub fn text_description(
-        mut self,
-        description: impl Into<alloc::borrow::Cow<'static, str>>,
-    ) -> Self {
-        self.data.description = Some(description.into());
+    pub fn text_description(mut self, description: &'static str) -> Self {
+        self.data.description = Some(Cow::Borrowed(description));
         self
     }
 
@@ -279,9 +373,108 @@ impl DeviceDescription {
     }
 }
 
+#[cfg(test)]
+#[cfg(not(feature = "deserialize"))]
+mod tests {
+    use alloc::borrow::Cow;
+
+    use crate::hazards::Hazard;
+
+    use super::{DeviceKind, DeviceScheme, schemes::LIGHT_SCHEME};
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_default_schemes() {
+        assert_eq!(
+            LIGHT_SCHEME,
+            DeviceScheme::new(
+                DeviceKind::Light,
+                &["/on", "/off"],
+                &[
+                    Hazard::FireHazard,
+                    Hazard::ElectricEnergyConsumption,
+                    Hazard::LogEnergyConsumption,
+                    Hazard::LogUsageTime,
+                    Hazard::PowerOutage,
+                    Hazard::PowerSurge,
+                ]
+            )
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_base_custom_scheme() {
+        assert_eq!(
+            DeviceScheme::base_custom_scheme("Thermostat"),
+            DeviceScheme::new(DeviceKind::Custom(Cow::Borrowed("Thermostat")), &[], &[])
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_custom_scheme_with_mandatory_routes() {
+        assert_eq!(
+            DeviceScheme::custom_scheme_with_mandatory_routes("Thermostat", &["/on", "/off"]),
+            DeviceScheme::new(
+                DeviceKind::Custom(Cow::Borrowed("Thermostat")),
+                &["/on", "/off"],
+                &[]
+            )
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_custom_scheme_with_allowed_hazards() {
+        assert_eq!(
+            DeviceScheme::custom_scheme_with_allowed_hazards(
+                "Thermostat",
+                &[Hazard::ElectricEnergyConsumption]
+            ),
+            DeviceScheme::new(
+                DeviceKind::Custom(Cow::Borrowed("Thermostat")),
+                &[],
+                &[Hazard::ElectricEnergyConsumption]
+            )
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_custom_scheme() {
+        assert_eq!(
+            DeviceScheme::custom_scheme(
+                "Thermostat",
+                &["/on", "/off"],
+                &[Hazard::ElectricEnergyConsumption]
+            ),
+            DeviceScheme::new(
+                DeviceKind::Custom(Cow::Borrowed("Thermostat")),
+                &["/on", "/off"],
+                &[Hazard::ElectricEnergyConsumption]
+            )
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_getter_methods() {
+        assert_eq!(LIGHT_SCHEME.kind, DeviceKind::Light);
+        assert_eq!(LIGHT_SCHEME.mandatory_routes(), &["/on", "/off"]);
+        assert_eq!(
+            LIGHT_SCHEME.allowed_hazards(),
+            &[
+                Hazard::FireHazard,
+                Hazard::ElectricEnergyConsumption,
+                Hazard::LogEnergyConsumption,
+                Hazard::LogUsageTime,
+                Hazard::PowerOutage,
+                Hazard::PowerSurge,
+            ]
+        );
+    }
+}
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 #[cfg(feature = "deserialize")]
 mod tests {
+    use alloc::borrow::Cow;
+
     use crate::route::{Route, RouteConfigs};
 
     use crate::economy::{Cost, CostTimespan, Costs, Economy, Roi, Rois};
@@ -289,9 +482,12 @@ mod tests {
         CarbonFootprint, CarbonFootprints, Energy, EnergyClass, EnergyEfficiencies,
         EnergyEfficiency, WaterUseEfficiency,
     };
+
     use crate::{deserialize, serialize};
 
-    use super::{DeviceDescription, DeviceEnvironment, DeviceKind, DeviceKindId, DeviceMetrics};
+    use super::{
+        DeviceDescription, DeviceEnvironment, DeviceKind, DeviceMetrics, schemes::LIGHT_SCHEME,
+    };
 
     fn energy() -> Energy {
         let energy_efficiencies =
@@ -326,7 +522,10 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn test_device_kind() {
-        for device_kind in &[DeviceKind::Unknown, DeviceKind::Light] {
+        for device_kind in &[
+            DeviceKind::Light,
+            DeviceKind::Custom(Cow::Borrowed("Thermostat")),
+        ] {
             assert_eq!(
                 deserialize::<DeviceKind>(serialize(device_kind)),
                 *device_kind
@@ -346,30 +545,25 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn test_device_metrics() {
-        let device_metrics = DeviceMetrics::with_energy(energy()).add_economy(economy());
+        let energy_economy_metrics = DeviceMetrics::with_energy(energy()).add_economy(economy());
 
         assert_eq!(
-            deserialize::<DeviceMetrics>(serialize(&device_metrics)),
-            device_metrics
+            deserialize::<DeviceMetrics>(serialize(&energy_economy_metrics)),
+            energy_economy_metrics
         );
 
-        let device_metrics = DeviceMetrics::with_economy(economy()).add_energy(energy());
+        let economy_energy_metrics = DeviceMetrics::with_economy(economy()).add_energy(energy());
 
         assert_eq!(
-            deserialize::<DeviceMetrics>(serialize(&device_metrics)),
-            device_metrics
+            deserialize::<DeviceMetrics>(serialize(&economy_energy_metrics)),
+            economy_energy_metrics
         );
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn test_device_description() {
-        let device_description = DeviceDescription::new(
-            DeviceKindId::from(&DeviceKind::Light),
-            "/light",
-            routes(),
-            2,
-        )
-        .text_description("A light device.");
+        let device_description = DeviceDescription::new(LIGHT_SCHEME, "/light", routes())
+            .text_description("A light device.");
 
         assert_eq!(
             deserialize::<DeviceDescription>(serialize(&device_description)),
diff --git a/crates/tosca/src/economy.rs b/crates/tosca/src/economy.rs
index 2e7c8e82..e6661f38 100644
--- a/crates/tosca/src/economy.rs
+++ b/crates/tosca/src/economy.rs
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ use crate::energy::EnergyClass;
 use crate::macros::set;
 
 /// Timespan selected to estimate the device costs.
-#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Clone, Copy, Serialize)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Serialize)]
 #[cfg_attr(feature = "deserialize", derive(serde::Deserialize))]
 pub enum CostTimespan {
     /// Week.
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ impl core::fmt::Display for CostTimespan {
 }
 
 /// Device cost.
-#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Clone, Copy, Serialize)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Serialize)]
 #[cfg_attr(feature = "deserialize", derive(serde::Deserialize))]
 pub struct Cost {
     /// Amount of money in USD currency.
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ set! {
 }
 
 /// Return on investments (ROI).
-#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Clone, Copy, Serialize)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Serialize)]
 #[cfg_attr(feature = "deserialize", derive(serde::Deserialize))]
 pub struct Roi {
     /// Number of years used to calculate the ROI.
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ set! {
 }
 
 /// Economy data related to a device.
-#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Clone, Serialize)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Serialize)]
 #[cfg_attr(feature = "deserialize", derive(serde::Deserialize))]
 pub struct Economy {
     /// Costs.
diff --git a/crates/tosca/src/energy.rs b/crates/tosca/src/energy.rs
index 6dafbb91..ba4a17d5 100644
--- a/crates/tosca/src/energy.rs
+++ b/crates/tosca/src/energy.rs
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ use serde::Serialize;
 use crate::macros::set;
 
 /// Energy efficiency class.
-#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Clone, Copy, Serialize)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Serialize)]
 #[cfg_attr(feature = "deserialize", derive(serde::Deserialize))]
 pub enum EnergyClass {
     /// A+++
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ const fn decimal_percentage(percentage: i8) -> f64 {
 }
 
 /// Energy efficiency.
-#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Clone, Copy, Serialize)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Serialize)]
 #[cfg_attr(feature = "deserialize", derive(serde::Deserialize))]
 pub struct EnergyEfficiency {
     /// Represents the energy efficiency of an [`EnergyClass`] as a percentage.
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ set! {
 }
 
 /// Carbon footprint.
-#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Clone, Copy, Serialize)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Serialize)]
 #[cfg_attr(feature = "deserialize", derive(serde::Deserialize))]
 pub struct CarbonFootprint {
     /// Represents the amount of greenhouse gases emitted into the atmosphere
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ set! {
 ///
 /// Metrics taken from:
 /// <https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/plant-science/articles/10.3389/fpls.2019.00103/full>
-#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Clone, Copy, Serialize)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Serialize)]
 #[cfg_attr(feature = "deserialize", derive(serde::Deserialize))]
 pub struct WaterUseEfficiency {
     /// Gross Primary Productivity (GPP).
@@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ impl WaterUseEfficiency {
 }
 
 /// Energy information of a device.
-#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Clone, Serialize)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Serialize)]
 #[cfg_attr(feature = "deserialize", derive(serde::Deserialize))]
 pub struct Energy {
     /// Energy efficiencies.
diff --git a/crates/tosca/src/events.rs b/crates/tosca/src/events.rs
index 11ca713c..2146de0c 100644
--- a/crates/tosca/src/events.rs
+++ b/crates/tosca/src/events.rs
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ use core::time::Duration;
 use serde::Serialize;
 
 /// Event broker data.
-#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Serialize)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Serialize)]
 #[cfg_attr(feature = "deserialize", derive(serde::Deserialize))]
 pub struct BrokerData {
     /// Broker address.
@@ -33,10 +33,10 @@ mod private {
     }
 }
 
+/// An event of a specific type.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Serialize)]
 #[cfg_attr(not(feature = "deserialize"), derive(Copy))]
 #[cfg_attr(feature = "deserialize", derive(serde::Deserialize))]
-/// An event of a specific type.
 pub struct Event<T: Clone + Copy + private::TypeName> {
     /// Event name.
     #[cfg(not(feature = "deserialize"))]
@@ -206,13 +206,13 @@ impl<T: Clone + Copy + private::TypeName> Event<T> {
     }
 }
 
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Serialize)]
-#[cfg_attr(not(feature = "deserialize"), derive(Copy))]
-#[cfg_attr(feature = "deserialize", derive(serde::Deserialize))]
 /// A periodic [`Event`].
 ///
 /// An event is considered periodic when it is triggered or checked at regular,
 /// fixed intervals of time.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Serialize)]
+#[cfg_attr(not(feature = "deserialize"), derive(Copy))]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "deserialize", derive(serde::Deserialize))]
 pub struct PeriodicEvent<T: Clone + Copy + private::TypeName> {
     /// The [`Event`].
     pub event: Event<T>,
@@ -272,12 +272,12 @@ impl PeriodicEvent<f64> {
     }
 }
 
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Serialize)]
-#[cfg_attr(feature = "deserialize", derive(serde::Deserialize))]
 /// The topic for event publication over the network.
 ///
 /// This topic uniquely identifies all events coming from a device, allowing
 /// controllers to retrieve all related event data using it as a reference.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Serialize)]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "deserialize", derive(serde::Deserialize))]
 pub struct Topic(String);
 
 impl Topic {
@@ -301,12 +301,12 @@ impl Topic {
     }
 }
 
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Serialize)]
-#[allow(clippy::struct_field_names)]
-#[cfg_attr(feature = "deserialize", derive(serde::Deserialize))]
 /// All events types that can be generated by a device.
 ///
 /// Events of the same type are stored and displayed sequentially.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Serialize)]
+#[allow(clippy::struct_field_names)]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "deserialize", derive(serde::Deserialize))]
 pub struct Events {
     #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Vec::is_empty", default)]
     bool_events: Vec<Event<bool>>,
@@ -719,10 +719,10 @@ impl Events {
     }
 }
 
-#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Serialize)]
-#[cfg_attr(feature = "deserialize", derive(serde::Deserialize))]
 /// All events to be published over the network, including their associated
 /// topic and broker data.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Serialize)]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "deserialize", derive(serde::Deserialize))]
 pub struct EventsDescription {
     /// Broker data.
     pub broker_data: BrokerData,
@@ -851,7 +851,7 @@ mod tests {
     fn test_events_description() {
         let broker_data = BrokerData::new(Ipv4Addr::LOCALHOST.into(), 80);
         assert_eq!(
-            deserialize::<BrokerData>(serialize(&broker_data)),
+            deserialize::<BrokerData>(serialize(broker_data)),
             broker_data
         );
 
diff --git a/crates/tosca/src/hazards.rs b/crates/tosca/src/hazards.rs
index 6b933a00..9655d521 100644
--- a/crates/tosca/src/hazards.rs
+++ b/crates/tosca/src/hazards.rs
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ use hashbrown::DefaultHashBuilder;
 
 use indexmap::set::{IndexSet, IntoIter, Iter};
 
-use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use serde::Serialize;
 
 use crate::macros::set;
 
@@ -363,7 +363,8 @@ pub struct HazardData {
 pub const ALL_CATEGORIES: &[Category] = &[Category::Safety, Category::Privacy, Category::Financial];
 
 /// Hazard categories.
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Serialize)]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "deserialize", derive(serde::Deserialize))]
 pub enum Category {
     /// Category including all financial-related hazards.
     Financial,
@@ -447,6 +448,8 @@ impl Category {
 #[cfg(test)]
 #[cfg(feature = "deserialize")]
 mod tests {
+    use serde_json::json;
+
     use crate::{deserialize, serialize};
 
     use super::{ALL_CATEGORIES, ALL_HAZARDS, Category, Hazard};
@@ -461,7 +464,7 @@ mod tests {
             assert_eq!(Hazard::from_id(hazard.id()), Some(*hazard));
             assert_eq!(
                 serialize(hazard.data()),
-                serde_json::json!({
+                json!({
                         "id": hazard.id(),
                         "name": hazard.name(),
                         "description": hazard.description(),
diff --git a/crates/tosca/src/lib.rs b/crates/tosca/src/lib.rs
index e9df31cb..71495ceb 100644
--- a/crates/tosca/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/tosca/src/lib.rs
@@ -47,12 +47,14 @@ pub mod route;
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 #[cfg(feature = "deserialize")]
+#[inline]
 pub(crate) fn serialize<T: serde::Serialize>(value: T) -> serde_json::Value {
     serde_json::to_value(value).unwrap()
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 #[cfg(feature = "deserialize")]
+#[inline]
 pub(crate) fn deserialize<T: serde::de::DeserializeOwned>(value: serde_json::Value) -> T {
     serde_json::from_value(value).unwrap()
 }
diff --git a/crates/tosca/src/macros/mandatory_routes.rs b/crates/tosca/src/macros/mandatory_routes.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index 86fa0458..00000000
--- a/crates/tosca/src/macros/mandatory_routes.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,213 +0,0 @@
-/// Defines a mandatory route type with a fixed path and allowed HTTP methods.
-///
-/// Mandatory routes enforce that certain routes must be registered on a device
-/// before it can be built. This provides compile-time safety for device
-/// construction.
-///
-/// # Example
-///
-/// ```rust,ignore
-/// use tosca::mandatory_route;
-///
-/// mandatory_route!(MyRoute, "/my-path", methods: [put, get]);
-/// ```
-#[macro_export]
-macro_rules! mandatory_route {
-    (
-        $name:ident,
-        $path:expr,
-        methods: [$($method:ident),* $(,)?]
-    ) => {
-        #[doc = concat!("A mandatory [`", stringify!($name), "`].")]
-        #[derive(Debug)]
-        pub struct $name {
-            route: $crate::route::Route,
-        }
-
-        impl $name {
-            $(
-                $crate::mandatory_route!(@method_fn $method, $name, $path);
-            )*
-
-            #[doc = "Sets the route description."]
-            #[must_use]
-            pub fn description(mut self, description: &'static str) -> Self {
-                self.route = self.route.description(description);
-                self
-            }
-
-            #[doc = "Changes the route name."]
-            #[must_use]
-            pub fn change_name(mut self, name: &'static str) -> Self {
-                self.route = self.route.change_name(name);
-                self
-            }
-
-            #[doc = concat!("Adds [`Hazards`] to a [`", stringify!($name), "`].")]
-            #[must_use]
-            #[inline]
-            pub fn with_hazards(mut self, hazards: $crate::hazards::Hazards) -> Self {
-                self.route = self.route.with_hazards(hazards);
-                self
-            }
-
-            #[doc = concat!("Adds an [`Hazard`] to a [`", stringify!($name), "`].")]
-            #[must_use]
-            #[inline]
-            pub fn with_hazard(mut self, hazard: $crate::hazards::Hazard) -> Self {
-                self.route = self.route.with_hazard(hazard);
-                self
-            }
-
-            #[doc = concat!("Adds an array of [`Hazard`]s to a [`", stringify!($name), "`].")]
-            #[must_use]
-            #[inline]
-            pub fn with_array_of_hazards<const N: usize>(mut self, hazards: [$crate::hazards::Hazard; N]) -> Self {
-                self.route = self.route.with_array_of_hazards(hazards);
-                self
-            }
-
-            #[doc = concat!("Adds [`Parameters`] to a [`", stringify!($name), "`].")]
-            #[must_use]
-            #[inline]
-            pub fn with_parameters(mut self, parameters: $crate::parameters::Parameters) -> Self {
-                self.route = self.route.with_parameters(parameters);
-                self
-            }
-
-            #[doc = "Returns the route path."]
-            #[must_use]
-            pub fn route(&self ) -> &str {
-                self.route.route()
-            }
-
-            #[doc = concat!("Returns the [`RestKind`].")]
-            #[must_use]
-            pub const fn kind(&self) -> $crate::route::RestKind {
-                self.route.kind()
-            }
-
-            #[doc = concat!("Returns all route [`Hazards`].")]
-            #[must_use]
-            pub const fn hazards(&self) -> &$crate::hazards::Hazards {
-               self.route.hazards()
-            }
-
-            #[doc = concat!("Returns all route [`Parameters`].")]
-            #[must_use]
-            pub const fn parameters(&self) -> &$crate::parameters::Parameters {
-                self.route.parameters()
-            }
-
-            #[doc = "Returns the internal [`Route`]."]
-            #[must_use]
-            pub fn into_route(self) -> $crate::route::Route {
-                self.route
-            }
-        }
-    };
-
-    (@method_fn get, $name:ident, $path:expr) => {
-        #[doc = concat!("Creates a [`", stringify!($name), "`] through a `GET` API.")]
-        #[must_use]
-        #[inline]
-        pub fn get(name: &'static str) -> Self {
-            Self {
-                route: $crate::route::Route::get(name, $path),
-            }
-        }
-    };
-
-    (@method_fn put, $name:ident, $path:expr) => {
-        #[doc = concat!("Creates a [`", stringify!($name), "`] through a `PUT` API.")]
-        #[must_use]
-        #[inline]
-        pub fn put(name: &'static str) -> Self {
-            Self {
-                route: $crate::route::Route::put(name, $path),
-            }
-        }
-    };
-
-    (@method_fn post, $name:ident, $path:expr) => {
-        #[doc = concat!("Creates a [`", stringify!($name), "`] through a `POST` API.")]
-        #[must_use]
-        #[inline]
-        pub fn post(name: &'static str) -> Self {
-            Self {
-                route: $crate::route::Route::post(name, $path),
-            }
-        }
-    };
-
-    (@method_fn delete, $name:ident, $path:expr) => {
-        #[doc = concat!("Creates a [`", stringify!($name), "`] through a `DELETE` API.")]
-        #[must_use]
-        #[inline]
-        pub fn delete(name: &'static str) -> Self {
-            Self {
-                route: $crate::route::Route::delete(name, $path),
-            }
-        }
-    };
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use crate::hazards::{Hazard, Hazards};
-    use crate::parameters::Parameters;
-    use crate::route::RestKind;
-
-    mandatory_route!(TestRoute, "/test", methods: [get, put, post, delete]);
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_mandatory_route_constructors() {
-        let get = TestRoute::get("Get");
-        assert_eq!(get.route(), "/test");
-        assert_eq!(get.kind(), RestKind::Get);
-
-        let put = TestRoute::put("Put");
-        assert_eq!(put.kind(), RestKind::Put);
-
-        let post = TestRoute::post("Post");
-        assert_eq!(post.kind(), RestKind::Post);
-
-        let delete = TestRoute::delete("Delete");
-        assert_eq!(delete.kind(), RestKind::Delete);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_mandatory_route_builder_chain() {
-        let route = TestRoute::put("On")
-            .description("Turn on.")
-            .with_hazard(Hazard::FireHazard)
-            .with_parameters(Parameters::new().bool("enabled", false));
-
-        assert_eq!(route.route(), "/test");
-        assert_eq!(route.kind(), RestKind::Put);
-        assert!(!route.hazards().is_empty());
-        assert!(!route.parameters().is_empty());
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_mandatory_route_into_route() {
-        let route = TestRoute::get("Toggle").description("Toggle.").into_route();
-
-        assert_eq!(route.route(), "/test");
-        assert_eq!(route.kind(), RestKind::Get);
-    }
-
-    // FIXME: This test should be deleted or improved. Only used to remove a
-    // warning for now.
-    #[test]
-    fn test_mandatory_route_unused_methods() {
-        let route = TestRoute::get("On")
-            .change_name("OnGet")
-            .with_hazards(Hazards::new().insert(Hazard::FireHazard))
-            .with_array_of_hazards([Hazard::FireHazard; 1]);
-
-        assert_eq!(route.route(), "/test");
-        assert!(!route.hazards().is_empty());
-        assert!(route.parameters().is_empty());
-    }
-}
diff --git a/crates/tosca/src/macros/mod.rs b/crates/tosca/src/macros/mod.rs
index f6d45249..3da5ad47 100644
--- a/crates/tosca/src/macros/mod.rs
+++ b/crates/tosca/src/macros/mod.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-mod mandatory_routes;
 mod map;
 mod set;
 
diff --git a/crates/tosca/src/parameters.rs b/crates/tosca/src/parameters.rs
index c42d20e2..66a6c7ae 100644
--- a/crates/tosca/src/parameters.rs
+++ b/crates/tosca/src/parameters.rs
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 #![allow(clippy::trivially_copy_pass_by_ref)]
 
 use alloc::borrow::Cow;
-use alloc::string::String;
+use alloc::string::{String, ToString};
 
 use hashbrown::DefaultHashBuilder;
 
@@ -116,11 +116,11 @@ pub enum ParameterKind {
         /// when the parameter is missing.
         default: u8,
         /// The minimum allowed [`u8`] value.
-        #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "is_u8_max")]
+        #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "is_u8_min")]
         #[serde(default)]
         min: u8,
         /// The maximum allowed [`u8`] value.
-        #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "is_u8_min")]
+        #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "is_u8_max")]
         #[serde(default = "u8_max")]
         max: u8,
     },
@@ -130,11 +130,11 @@ pub enum ParameterKind {
         /// when the parameter is missing.
         default: u16,
         /// The minimum allowed [`u16`] value.
-        #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "is_u16_max")]
+        #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "is_u16_min")]
         #[serde(default)]
         min: u16,
         /// The maximum allowed [`u16`] value.
-        #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "is_u16_min")]
+        #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "is_u16_max")]
         #[serde(default = "u16_max")]
         max: u16,
     },
@@ -144,11 +144,11 @@ pub enum ParameterKind {
         /// when the parameter is missing.
         default: u32,
         /// The minimum allowed [`u32`] value.
-        #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "is_u32_max")]
+        #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "is_u32_min")]
         #[serde(default)]
         min: u32,
         /// The maximum allowed [`u32`] value.
-        #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "is_u32_min")]
+        #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "is_u32_max")]
         #[serde(default = "u32_max")]
         max: u32,
     },
@@ -158,11 +158,11 @@ pub enum ParameterKind {
         /// when the parameter is missing.
         default: u64,
         /// The minimum allowed [`u64`] value.
-        #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "is_u64_max")]
+        #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "is_u64_min")]
         #[serde(default)]
         min: u64,
         /// The maximum allowed [`u64`] value.
-        #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "is_u64_min")]
+        #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "is_u64_max")]
         #[serde(default = "u64_max")]
         max: u64,
     },
@@ -172,11 +172,11 @@ pub enum ParameterKind {
         /// when the parameter is missing.
         default: f32,
         /// The minimum allowed [`f32`] value.
-        #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "is_f32_max")]
+        #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "is_f32_min")]
         #[serde(default = "f32_min")]
         min: f32,
         /// The maximum allowed [`f32`] value.
-        #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "is_f32_min")]
+        #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "is_f32_max")]
         #[serde(default = "f32_max")]
         max: f32,
         /// The decimal step for the [`f32`] value.
@@ -190,11 +190,11 @@ pub enum ParameterKind {
         /// when the parameter is missing.
         default: f64,
         /// The minimum allowed [`f64`] value.
-        #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "is_f64_max")]
+        #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "is_f64_min")]
         #[serde(default = "f64_min")]
         min: f64,
         /// The maximum allowed [`f64`] value.
-        #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "is_f64_min")]
+        #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "is_f64_max")]
         #[serde(default = "f64_max")]
         max: f64,
         /// The decimal step for the [`f64`] value.
@@ -317,7 +317,7 @@ map! {
   /// corresponding [`ParameterKind`].
   #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Serialize)]
   #[cfg_attr(feature = "deserialize", derive(serde::Deserialize))]
-  pub struct ParametersData(IndexMap<String, ParameterKind, DefaultHashBuilder>);
+  pub struct ParametersData(IndexMap<Cow<'static, str>, ParameterKind, DefaultHashBuilder>);
 }
 
 impl ParametersData {
@@ -363,8 +363,8 @@ impl Parameters {
             name,
             ParameterKind::U8 {
                 default,
-                min: u8::MAX,
-                max: u8::MIN,
+                min: u8::MIN,
+                max: u8::MAX,
             },
         )
     }
@@ -384,8 +384,8 @@ impl Parameters {
             name,
             ParameterKind::U16 {
                 default,
-                min: u16::MAX,
-                max: u16::MIN,
+                min: u16::MIN,
+                max: u16::MAX,
             },
         )
     }
@@ -405,8 +405,8 @@ impl Parameters {
             name,
             ParameterKind::U32 {
                 default,
-                min: u32::MAX,
-                max: u32::MIN,
+                min: u32::MIN,
+                max: u32::MAX,
             },
         )
     }
@@ -426,8 +426,8 @@ impl Parameters {
             name,
             ParameterKind::U64 {
                 default,
-                min: u64::MAX,
-                max: u64::MIN,
+                min: u64::MIN,
+                max: u64::MAX,
             },
         )
     }
@@ -447,8 +447,8 @@ impl Parameters {
             name,
             ParameterKind::F32 {
                 default,
-                min: f32::MAX,
-                max: f32::MIN,
+                min: f32::MIN,
+                max: f32::MAX,
                 step: 0.,
             },
         )
@@ -597,15 +597,11 @@ impl Parameters {
     /// Adds a sequence of characters.
     #[must_use]
     #[inline]
-    pub fn characters_sequence(
-        self,
-        name: &'static str,
-        default: impl Into<Cow<'static, str>>,
-    ) -> Self {
+    pub fn characters_sequence(self, name: &'static str, default: &'static str) -> Self {
         self.create_parameter(
             name,
             ParameterKind::CharsSequence {
-                default: default.into(),
+                default: Cow::Borrowed(default),
             },
         )
     }
@@ -663,7 +659,7 @@ pub enum ParameterValue {
     /// A [`f64`] value.
     F64(f64),
     /// A sequence of characters.
-    CharsSequence(Cow<'static, str>),
+    CharsSequence(String),
 }
 
 impl core::fmt::Display for ParameterValue {
@@ -700,7 +696,9 @@ impl ParameterValue {
             ParameterKind::F64 { default, .. } | ParameterKind::RangeF64 { default, .. } => {
                 Self::F64(*default)
             }
-            ParameterKind::CharsSequence { default, .. } => Self::CharsSequence(default.clone()),
+            ParameterKind::CharsSequence { default, .. } => {
+                Self::CharsSequence(default.to_string())
+            }
         }
     }
 
@@ -748,33 +746,33 @@ impl ParameterValue {
 /// A map associating each parameter name with its
 /// corresponding [`ParameterValue`].
 #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Deserialize)]
-pub struct ParametersValues<'a>(IndexMap<Cow<'a, str>, ParameterValue, DefaultHashBuilder>);
+pub struct ParametersValues(IndexMap<String, ParameterValue, DefaultHashBuilder>);
 
-impl Default for ParametersValues<'_> {
+impl Default for ParametersValues {
     fn default() -> Self {
         Self::new()
     }
 }
 
-impl<'a> IntoIterator for ParametersValues<'a> {
-    type Item = (Cow<'a, str>, ParameterValue);
-    type IntoIter = IntoIter<Cow<'a, str>, ParameterValue>;
+impl IntoIterator for ParametersValues {
+    type Item = (String, ParameterValue);
+    type IntoIter = IntoIter<String, ParameterValue>;
 
     fn into_iter(self) -> Self::IntoIter {
         self.0.into_iter()
     }
 }
 
-impl<'a> IntoIterator for &'a ParametersValues<'a> {
-    type Item = (&'a Cow<'a, str>, &'a ParameterValue);
-    type IntoIter = Iter<'a, Cow<'a, str>, ParameterValue>;
+impl<'a> IntoIterator for &'a ParametersValues {
+    type Item = (&'a String, &'a ParameterValue);
+    type IntoIter = Iter<'a, String, ParameterValue>;
 
     fn into_iter(self) -> Self::IntoIter {
         self.iter()
     }
 }
 
-impl<'a> ParametersValues<'a> {
+impl ParametersValues {
     /// Creates [`ParametersValues`].
     #[must_use]
     #[inline]
@@ -784,65 +782,57 @@ impl<'a> ParametersValues<'a> {
 
     /// Adds a [`ParameterValue`].
     #[inline]
-    pub fn parameter_value(
-        &mut self,
-        name: impl Into<Cow<'a, str>>,
-        parameter_value: ParameterValue,
-    ) -> &mut Self {
+    pub fn parameter_value(&mut self, name: &str, parameter_value: ParameterValue) -> &mut Self {
         let _ = self.0.insert(name.into(), parameter_value);
         self
     }
 
     /// Adds a [`bool`] value.
     #[inline]
-    pub fn bool(&mut self, name: impl Into<Cow<'a, str>>, value: bool) -> &mut Self {
+    pub fn bool(&mut self, name: &str, value: bool) -> &mut Self {
         self.parameter_value(name, ParameterValue::Bool(value))
     }
 
     /// Adds an [`u8`] parameter.
     #[inline]
-    pub fn u8(&mut self, name: impl Into<Cow<'a, str>>, value: u8) -> &mut Self {
+    pub fn u8(&mut self, name: &str, value: u8) -> &mut Self {
         self.parameter_value(name, ParameterValue::U8(value))
     }
 
     /// Adds an [`u16`] parameter.
     #[inline]
-    pub fn u16(&mut self, name: impl Into<Cow<'a, str>>, value: u16) -> &mut Self {
+    pub fn u16(&mut self, name: &str, value: u16) -> &mut Self {
         self.parameter_value(name, ParameterValue::U16(value))
     }
 
     /// Adds an [`u32`] parameter.
     #[inline]
-    pub fn u32(&mut self, name: impl Into<Cow<'a, str>>, value: u32) -> &mut Self {
+    pub fn u32(&mut self, name: &str, value: u32) -> &mut Self {
         self.parameter_value(name, ParameterValue::U32(value))
     }
 
     /// Adds an [`u64`] parameter.
     #[inline]
-    pub fn u64(&mut self, name: impl Into<Cow<'a, str>>, value: u64) -> &mut Self {
+    pub fn u64(&mut self, name: &str, value: u64) -> &mut Self {
         self.parameter_value(name, ParameterValue::U64(value))
     }
 
     /// Adds a [`f32`] parameter.
     #[inline]
-    pub fn f32(&mut self, name: impl Into<Cow<'a, str>>, value: f32) -> &mut Self {
+    pub fn f32(&mut self, name: &str, value: f32) -> &mut Self {
         self.parameter_value(name, ParameterValue::F32(value))
     }
 
     /// Adds a [`f64`] parameter.
     #[inline]
-    pub fn f64(&mut self, name: impl Into<Cow<'a, str>>, value: f64) -> &mut Self {
+    pub fn f64(&mut self, name: &str, value: f64) -> &mut Self {
         self.parameter_value(name, ParameterValue::F64(value))
     }
 
     /// Adds a sequence of characters.
     #[inline]
-    pub fn characters_sequence(
-        &mut self,
-        name: impl Into<Cow<'a, str>>,
-        value: String,
-    ) -> &mut Self {
-        self.parameter_value(name, ParameterValue::CharsSequence(value.into()))
+    pub fn characters_sequence(&mut self, name: &str, value: String) -> &mut Self {
+        self.parameter_value(name, ParameterValue::CharsSequence(value))
     }
 
     /// Retrieves a [`ParameterValue`] by name.
@@ -850,8 +840,8 @@ impl<'a> ParametersValues<'a> {
     /// Returns [`None`] if the parameter does not exist.
     #[must_use]
     #[inline]
-    pub fn get<'b>(&'b self, name: impl Into<Cow<'b, str>>) -> Option<&'b ParameterValue> {
-        self.0.get(&name.into())
+    pub fn get<'b>(&'b self, name: &str) -> Option<&'b ParameterValue> {
+        self.0.get(name)
     }
 
     /// Returns an iterator over [`ParameterValue`]s.
@@ -859,7 +849,7 @@ impl<'a> ParametersValues<'a> {
     /// **Iterates over the elements in the order they were inserted.**
     #[must_use]
     #[inline]
-    pub fn iter(&self) -> Iter<'_, Cow<'_, str>, ParameterValue> {
+    pub fn iter(&self) -> Iter<'_, String, ParameterValue> {
         self.0.iter()
     }
 }
@@ -884,17 +874,17 @@ impl ParameterPayload {
 map! {
   /// A map associating each parameter name with its
   /// corresponding [`ParameterPayload`].
-  pub struct ParametersPayloads<'a>(IndexMap<Cow<'a, str>, ParameterPayload, DefaultHashBuilder>);
+  pub struct ParametersPayloads(IndexMap<String, ParameterPayload, DefaultHashBuilder>);
 }
 
-impl<'a> ParametersPayloads<'a> {
+impl ParametersPayloads {
     /// Retrieves a [`ParameterPayload`] by name.
     ///
     /// Returns [`None`] if the parameter does not exist.
     #[must_use]
     #[inline]
-    pub fn get<'b>(&'b self, name: impl Into<Cow<'b, str>>) -> Option<&'b ParameterPayload> {
-        self.0.get(&name.into())
+    pub fn get<'b>(&'b self, name: &str) -> Option<&'b ParameterPayload> {
+        self.0.get(name)
     }
 
     /// Extracts a [`ParameterPayload`] by name.
@@ -904,16 +894,14 @@ impl<'a> ParametersPayloads<'a> {
     /// Returns [`None`] if the parameter does not exist.
     #[must_use]
     #[inline]
-    pub fn extract(&mut self, name: impl Into<Cow<'a, str>>) -> Option<ParameterPayload> {
-        self.0.swap_remove(&name.into())
+    pub fn extract(&mut self, name: &str) -> Option<ParameterPayload> {
+        self.0.swap_remove(name)
     }
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 #[cfg(feature = "deserialize")]
 mod tests {
-    use alloc::string::String;
-
     use crate::{deserialize, serialize};
 
     use super::{ParameterKind, Parameters, ParametersData, ParametersValues};
@@ -1026,7 +1014,7 @@ mod tests {
             .rangeu64_with_default("rangeu64", (0, 20, 1), 5)
             .rangef64_with_default("rangef64", (0., 20., 0.1), 5.)
             .characters_sequence("greeting", "hello")
-            .characters_sequence("greeting2", String::from("hello"))
+            .characters_sequence("greeting2", "hello")
             // Adds a duplicate to see whether that value is maintained or
             // removed.
             .u16("u16", 0);
@@ -1050,6 +1038,6 @@ mod tests {
             "three": 3.0,
         });
 
-        assert_eq!(deserialize::<ParametersValues<'_>>(json_value), parameters);
+        assert_eq!(deserialize::<ParametersValues>(json_value), parameters);
     }
 }
diff --git a/crates/tosca/src/route.rs b/crates/tosca/src/route.rs
index e93c0c92..3c723d71 100644
--- a/crates/tosca/src/route.rs
+++ b/crates/tosca/src/route.rs
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ use crate::parameters::{Parameters, ParametersData};
 use crate::response::ResponseKind;
 
 use crate::macros::set;
-use crate::mandatory_route;
 
 /// The kind of `REST` request.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Serialize)]
@@ -70,8 +69,8 @@ impl PartialEq for RouteData {
 impl RouteData {
     fn new(route: Route) -> Self {
         Self {
-            name: route.name.into(),
-            path: route.path.into(),
+            name: Cow::Borrowed(route.name),
+            path: Cow::Borrowed(route.path),
             description: route.description.map(core::convert::Into::into),
             hazards: route.hazards,
             parameters: route.parameters.serialize_data(),
@@ -327,8 +326,33 @@ set! {
   pub struct Routes(IndexSet<Route, DefaultHashBuilder>);
 }
 
-mandatory_route!(LightOnRoute, "/on", methods: [post, put]);
-mandatory_route!(LightOffRoute, "/off", methods: [post, put]);
+#[cfg(test)]
+#[cfg(not(feature = "deserialize"))]
+mod tests {
+    use crate::route::{Hazard, Hazards};
+
+    use super::Route;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_allowed_hazards() {
+        const ALLOWED_HAZARDS: &[Hazard] = &[Hazard::FireHazard, Hazard::ElectricEnergyConsumption];
+
+        // Wrong AirPoisoning hazard.
+        let route = Route::get("Route", "/route")
+            .description("A GET route")
+            .with_hazards(
+                Hazards::new()
+                    .insert(Hazard::FireHazard)
+                    .insert(Hazard::AirPoisoning),
+            );
+
+        let expected_hazards = Hazards::init(Hazard::FireHazard);
+        assert_eq!(
+            route.remove_prohibited_hazards(ALLOWED_HAZARDS).hazards,
+            expected_hazards
+        );
+    }
+}
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 #[cfg(feature = "deserialize")]
@@ -469,15 +493,25 @@ mod tests {
             RestKind::Get,
             Hazards::new(),
             "A GET route",
-            ParametersData::new().insert(
-                "rangeu64".into(),
-                ParameterKind::RangeU64 {
-                    min: 0,
-                    max: 20,
-                    step: 1,
-                    default: 5,
-                },
-            ),
+            ParametersData::new()
+                .insert(
+                    "rangeu64".into(),
+                    ParameterKind::RangeU64 {
+                        min: 0,
+                        max: 20,
+                        step: 1,
+                        default: 5,
+                    },
+                )
+                .insert(
+                    "rangef64".into(),
+                    ParameterKind::RangeF64 {
+                        min: 0.,
+                        max: 20.,
+                        step: 0.1,
+                        default: 0.,
+                    },
+                ),
         );
 
         assert_eq!(
@@ -495,31 +529,3 @@ mod tests {
         );
     }
 }
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-#[cfg(not(feature = "deserialize"))]
-mod tests {
-    use crate::route::{Hazard, Hazards};
-
-    use super::Route;
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_allowed_hazards() {
-        const ALLOWED_HAZARDS: &[Hazard] = &[Hazard::FireHazard, Hazard::ElectricEnergyConsumption];
-
-        // Wrong AirPoisoning hazard.
-        let route = Route::get("Route", "/route")
-            .description("A GET route")
-            .with_hazards(
-                Hazards::new()
-                    .insert(Hazard::FireHazard)
-                    .insert(Hazard::AirPoisoning),
-            );
-
-        let expected_hazards = Hazards::init(Hazard::FireHazard);
-        assert_eq!(
-            route.remove_prohibited_hazards(ALLOWED_HAZARDS).hazards,
-            expected_hazards
-        );
-    }
-}
diff --git a/examples/controller-events-receiver/Cargo.toml b/examples/controller-events-receiver/Cargo.toml
index a39b495b..61680da6 100644
--- a/examples/controller-events-receiver/Cargo.toml
+++ b/examples/controller-events-receiver/Cargo.toml
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "controller-events-receiver"
-version = "0.1.0"
+version = "0.2.0"
 edition = "2024"
 authors = ["Michele Valsesia <michele.valsesia@toscalabs.org>"]
 description = """
diff --git a/examples/controller-events-sse-receiver/Cargo.toml b/examples/controller-events-sse-receiver/Cargo.toml
index 359b1f27..594cfd21 100644
--- a/examples/controller-events-sse-receiver/Cargo.toml
+++ b/examples/controller-events-sse-receiver/Cargo.toml
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "controller-events-sse-receiver"
-version = "0.1.0"
+version = "0.2.0"
 edition = "2024"
 authors = ["Michele Valsesia <michele.valsesia@toscalabs.org>"]
 description = """
diff --git a/examples/os-ip-camera/Cargo.toml b/examples/os-ip-camera/Cargo.toml
index 08570d7e..8aaff07e 100644
--- a/examples/os-ip-camera/Cargo.toml
+++ b/examples/os-ip-camera/Cargo.toml
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "os-ip-camera"
-version = "0.1.0"
+version = "0.2.0"
 edition = "2024"
 authors = ["Michele Valsesia <michele.valsesia@toscalabs.org>"]
 description = "An ip-camera implemented with the tosca-os crate."
diff --git a/examples/os-ip-camera/src/main.rs b/examples/os-ip-camera/src/main.rs
index 2840f836..ebb84cc2 100644
--- a/examples/os-ip-camera/src/main.rs
+++ b/examples/os-ip-camera/src/main.rs
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ mod stream;
 use std::net::Ipv4Addr;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
+use tosca::device::DeviceScheme;
 use tosca::hazards::Hazard;
 use tosca::parameters::Parameters;
 use tosca::route::Route;
@@ -380,14 +381,17 @@ async fn main() -> Result<(), Error> {
         Route::get("View info", "/view-info").description("View current camera data.");
 
     // A camera device which is going to be run on the server.
-    let device = Device::with_state(InternalState::new(camera))
-        .main_route("/camera")
-        .route(stream_stateful(camera_stream_route, show_camera_stream))
-        .route(serial_stateless(view_cameras_route, show_available_cameras))
-        .route(serial_stateful(camera_info_route, show_camera_info));
+    let device = Device::with_state(
+        DeviceScheme::base_custom_scheme("Camera"),
+        InternalState::new(camera),
+    )
+    .main_route("/camera")
+    .route(stream_stateful(camera_stream_route, show_camera_stream))
+    .route(serial_stateless(view_cameras_route, show_available_cameras))
+    .route(serial_stateful(camera_info_route, show_camera_info));
 
     let device = change_format(device);
-    let device = screenshot(device);
+    let device = screenshot(device).build().map_err(Error::Tosca)?;
 
     Server::new(device)
         .address(cli.address)
diff --git a/examples/os-light/Cargo.toml b/examples/os-light/Cargo.toml
index e33d6afd..12227fa0 100644
--- a/examples/os-light/Cargo.toml
+++ b/examples/os-light/Cargo.toml
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "os-light"
-version = "0.1.0"
+version = "0.2.0"
 edition = "2024"
 authors = ["Michele Valsesia <michele.valsesia@toscalabs.org>"]
 description = "A light implemented with the tosca-os crate."
diff --git a/examples/os-light/src/main.rs b/examples/os-light/src/main.rs
index 761b5148..ffc5283a 100644
--- a/examples/os-light/src/main.rs
+++ b/examples/os-light/src/main.rs
@@ -4,18 +4,19 @@ use std::net::Ipv4Addr;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use tosca::device::DeviceMetrics;
+use tosca::device::schemes::LIGHT_SCHEME;
 use tosca::energy::{Energy, EnergyClass, EnergyEfficiencies, EnergyEfficiency};
 use tosca::hazards::Hazard;
 use tosca::parameters::Parameters;
-use tosca::route::{LightOffRoute, LightOnRoute, Route};
+use tosca::route::Route;
 
-use tosca_os::devices::light::Light;
+use tosca_os::device::Device;
 use tosca_os::error::Error;
 use tosca_os::extract::{FromRef, Json, State};
 use tosca_os::responses::error::ErrorResponse;
 use tosca_os::responses::info::{InfoResponse, info_stateful};
-use tosca_os::responses::ok::{OkResponse, mandatory_ok_stateful, ok_stateful};
-use tosca_os::responses::serial::{SerialResponse, mandatory_serial_stateful, serial_stateful};
+use tosca_os::responses::ok::{OkResponse, ok_stateful};
+use tosca_os::responses::serial::{SerialResponse, serial_stateful};
 use tosca_os::server::Server;
 use tosca_os::service::{ServiceConfig, TransportProtocol};
 
@@ -225,7 +226,7 @@ async fn main() -> Result<(), Error> {
     );
 
     // Turn light on `PUT` route.
-    let light_on_route = LightOnRoute::put("On")
+    let light_on_route = Route::put("On", "/on")
         .description("Turn light on.")
         .with_hazard(Hazard::ElectricEnergyConsumption)
         .with_parameters(
@@ -245,7 +246,7 @@ async fn main() -> Result<(), Error> {
         );
 
     // Turn light off `PUT` route.
-    let light_off_route = LightOffRoute::put("Off").description("Turn light off.");
+    let light_off_route = Route::put("Off", "/off").description("Turn light off.");
 
     // Toggle `PUT` route.
     let toggle_route = Route::put("Toggle", "/toggle")
@@ -262,20 +263,18 @@ async fn main() -> Result<(), Error> {
         .description("Update energy efficiency.")
         .with_hazard(Hazard::LogEnergyConsumption);
 
-    // A light device which is going to be run on the server.
-    let device = Light::with_state(state)
-        // This method is mandatory, if not called, a compiler error is raised.
-        .turn_light_on(light_on_route, mandatory_serial_stateful(turn_light_on))
-        // This method is mandatory, if not called, a compiler error is raised.
-        .turn_light_off(light_off_route, mandatory_ok_stateful(turn_light_off))
-        .route(serial_stateful(light_on_post_route, turn_light_on))?
-        .route(ok_stateful(toggle_route, toggle))?
+    // A light device.
+    let device = Device::with_state(LIGHT_SCHEME, state)
+        .route(serial_stateful(light_on_route, turn_light_on))
+        .route(ok_stateful(light_off_route, turn_light_off))
+        .route(serial_stateful(light_on_post_route, turn_light_on))
+        .route(ok_stateful(toggle_route, toggle))
         .info_route(info_stateful(info_route, info))
         .info_route(info_stateful(
             update_energy_efficiency_route,
             update_energy_efficiency,
         ))
-        .build();
+        .build()?;
 
     // Run a discovery service and the device on the server.
     Server::new(device)