diff --git a/mocks/mock_vm.go b/mocks/mock_vm.go
index 3e27bc03d7..ee93d1ccaf 100644
--- a/mocks/mock_vm.go
+++ b/mocks/mock_vm.go
@@ -71,3 +71,48 @@ func (mr *MockVMMockRecorder) Execute(txns, declaredClasses, paidFeesOnL1, block
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "Execute", reflect.TypeOf((*MockVM)(nil).Execute), txns, declaredClasses, paidFeesOnL1, blockInfo, state, skipChargeFee, skipValidate, errOnRevert, errStack, allowBinarySearch, isEstimateFee, returnInitialReads)
 }
+
+// Simulate mocks base method.
+func (m *MockVM) Simulate(txns []core.Transaction, declaredClasses []core.ClassDefinition, paidFeesOnL1 []*felt.Felt, blockInfo *vm.BlockInfo, state core.StateReader, opts vm.SimulateOptions) (vm.ExecutionResults, error) {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "Simulate", txns, declaredClasses, paidFeesOnL1, blockInfo, state, opts)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(vm.ExecutionResults)
+	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
+	return ret0, ret1
+}
+
+// Simulate indicates an expected call of Simulate.
+func (mr *MockVMMockRecorder) Simulate(txns, declaredClasses, paidFeesOnL1, blockInfo, state, opts any) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "Simulate", reflect.TypeOf((*MockVM)(nil).Simulate), txns, declaredClasses, paidFeesOnL1, blockInfo, state, opts)
+}
+
+// Trace mocks base method.
+func (m *MockVM) Trace(txns []core.Transaction, declaredClasses []core.ClassDefinition, paidFeesOnL1 []*felt.Felt, blockInfo *vm.BlockInfo, state core.StateReader, opts vm.TraceOptions) (vm.ExecutionResults, error) {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "Trace", txns, declaredClasses, paidFeesOnL1, blockInfo, state, opts)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(vm.ExecutionResults)
+	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
+	return ret0, ret1
+}
+
+// Trace indicates an expected call of Trace.
+func (mr *MockVMMockRecorder) Trace(txns, declaredClasses, paidFeesOnL1, blockInfo, state, opts any) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "Trace", reflect.TypeOf((*MockVM)(nil).Trace), txns, declaredClasses, paidFeesOnL1, blockInfo, state, opts)
+}
+
+// BuildBlock mocks base method.
+func (m *MockVM) BuildBlock(txns []core.Transaction, declaredClasses []core.ClassDefinition, paidFeesOnL1 []*felt.Felt, blockInfo *vm.BlockInfo, state core.StateReader, opts vm.BuildBlockOptions) (vm.ExecutionResults, error) {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "BuildBlock", txns, declaredClasses, paidFeesOnL1, blockInfo, state, opts)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(vm.ExecutionResults)
+	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
+	return ret0, ret1
+}
+
+// BuildBlock indicates an expected call of BuildBlock.
+func (mr *MockVMMockRecorder) BuildBlock(txns, declaredClasses, paidFeesOnL1, blockInfo, state, opts any) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "BuildBlock", reflect.TypeOf((*MockVM)(nil).BuildBlock), txns, declaredClasses, paidFeesOnL1, blockInfo, state, opts)
+}
diff --git a/node/throttled_vm.go b/node/throttled_vm.go
index 47d1332efd..31bb089450 100644
--- a/node/throttled_vm.go
+++ b/node/throttled_vm.go
@@ -77,3 +77,53 @@ func (tvm *ThrottledVM) Execute(
 		return err
 	})
 }
+
+func (tvm *ThrottledVM) runExec(
+	fn func(inner vm.VM) (vm.ExecutionResults, error),
+) (vm.ExecutionResults, error) {
+	var result vm.ExecutionResults
+	return result, tvm.Do(func(inner *vm.VM) error {
+		var err error
+		result, err = fn(*inner)
+		return err
+	})
+}
+
+func (tvm *ThrottledVM) Simulate(
+	txns []core.Transaction,
+	declaredClasses []core.ClassDefinition,
+	paidFeesOnL1 []*felt.Felt,
+	blockInfo *vm.BlockInfo,
+	state core.StateReader,
+	opts vm.SimulateOptions,
+) (vm.ExecutionResults, error) {
+	return tvm.runExec(func(inner vm.VM) (vm.ExecutionResults, error) {
+		return inner.Simulate(txns, declaredClasses, paidFeesOnL1, blockInfo, state, opts)
+	})
+}
+
+func (tvm *ThrottledVM) Trace(
+	txns []core.Transaction,
+	declaredClasses []core.ClassDefinition,
+	paidFeesOnL1 []*felt.Felt,
+	blockInfo *vm.BlockInfo,
+	state core.StateReader,
+	opts vm.TraceOptions,
+) (vm.ExecutionResults, error) {
+	return tvm.runExec(func(inner vm.VM) (vm.ExecutionResults, error) {
+		return inner.Trace(txns, declaredClasses, paidFeesOnL1, blockInfo, state, opts)
+	})
+}
+
+func (tvm *ThrottledVM) BuildBlock(
+	txns []core.Transaction,
+	declaredClasses []core.ClassDefinition,
+	paidFeesOnL1 []*felt.Felt,
+	blockInfo *vm.BlockInfo,
+	state core.StateReader,
+	opts vm.BuildBlockOptions,
+) (vm.ExecutionResults, error) {
+	return tvm.runExec(func(inner vm.VM) (vm.ExecutionResults, error) {
+		return inner.BuildBlock(txns, declaredClasses, paidFeesOnL1, blockInfo, state, opts)
+	})
+}
diff --git a/vm/vm.go b/vm/vm.go
index 88c5307628..78ab0d79a0 100644
--- a/vm/vm.go
+++ b/vm/vm.go
@@ -45,6 +45,32 @@ type CallResult struct {
 	ExecutionFailed bool
 }
 
+// SimulateOptions carries the per-request flags relevant to RPC simulate /
+// estimateFee. errStack and allowBinarySearch are constants for this path
+// and are set internally.
+type SimulateOptions struct {
+	SkipChargeFee      bool
+	SkipValidate       bool
+	ErrOnRevert        bool
+	IsEstimateFee      bool
+	ReturnInitialReads bool
+}
+
+// TraceOptions carries the per-request flags relevant to replaying an
+// existing block. All execution flags are off; only errStack is on.
+type TraceOptions struct {
+	ReturnInitialReads bool
+}
+
+// BuildBlockOptions carries flags used when producing a block (builder or
+// genesis bootstrap). errStack is hardcoded true; the trace/estimate flags
+// don't apply here.
+type BuildBlockOptions struct {
+	SkipChargeFee bool
+	SkipValidate  bool
+	ErrOnRevert   bool
+}
+
 //go:generate mockgen -destination=../mocks/mock_vm.go -package=mocks github.com/NethermindEth/juno/vm VM
 type VM interface {
 	Call(
@@ -70,6 +96,30 @@ type VM interface {
 		isEstimateFee bool,
 		returnInitialReads bool,
 	) (ExecutionResults, error)
+	Simulate(
+		txns []core.Transaction,
+		declaredClasses []core.ClassDefinition,
+		paidFeesOnL1 []*felt.Felt,
+		blockInfo *BlockInfo,
+		state core.StateReader,
+		opts SimulateOptions,
+	) (ExecutionResults, error)
+	Trace(
+		txns []core.Transaction,
+		declaredClasses []core.ClassDefinition,
+		paidFeesOnL1 []*felt.Felt,
+		blockInfo *BlockInfo,
+		state core.StateReader,
+		opts TraceOptions,
+	) (ExecutionResults, error)
+	BuildBlock(
+		txns []core.Transaction,
+		declaredClasses []core.ClassDefinition,
+		paidFeesOnL1 []*felt.Felt,
+		blockInfo *BlockInfo,
+		state core.StateReader,
+		opts BuildBlockOptions,
+	) (ExecutionResults, error)
 }
 
 type vm struct {
@@ -444,6 +494,72 @@ func (v *vm) Execute(
 	}, nil
 }
 
+// Simulate runs the txn set under RPC simulate / estimateFee semantics:
+// errStack and allowBinarySearch are always on.
+func (v *vm) Simulate(
+	txns []core.Transaction,
+	declaredClasses []core.ClassDefinition,
+	paidFeesOnL1 []*felt.Felt,
+	blockInfo *BlockInfo,
+	state core.StateReader,
+	opts SimulateOptions,
+) (ExecutionResults, error) {
+	return v.Execute(
+		txns, declaredClasses, paidFeesOnL1, blockInfo, state,
+		opts.SkipChargeFee,
+		opts.SkipValidate,
+		opts.ErrOnRevert,
+		true, // errStack
+		true, // allowBinarySearch
+		opts.IsEstimateFee,
+		opts.ReturnInitialReads,
+	)
+}
+
+// Trace replays an existing block. All exec flags are off; only errStack
+// is on so we get structured error frames if anything goes wrong.
+func (v *vm) Trace(
+	txns []core.Transaction,
+	declaredClasses []core.ClassDefinition,
+	paidFeesOnL1 []*felt.Felt,
+	blockInfo *BlockInfo,
+	state core.StateReader,
+	opts TraceOptions,
+) (ExecutionResults, error) {
+	return v.Execute(
+		txns, declaredClasses, paidFeesOnL1, blockInfo, state,
+		false, // skipChargeFee
+		false, // skipValidate
+		false, // errOnRevert
+		true,  // errStack
+		false, // allowBinarySearch
+		false, // isEstimateFee
+		opts.ReturnInitialReads,
+	)
+}
+
+// BuildBlock executes txns in block-production mode (builder or genesis).
+// errStack is on; trace/estimate flags don't apply.
+func (v *vm) BuildBlock(
+	txns []core.Transaction,
+	declaredClasses []core.ClassDefinition,
+	paidFeesOnL1 []*felt.Felt,
+	blockInfo *BlockInfo,
+	state core.StateReader,
+	opts BuildBlockOptions,
+) (ExecutionResults, error) {
+	return v.Execute(
+		txns, declaredClasses, paidFeesOnL1, blockInfo, state,
+		opts.SkipChargeFee,
+		opts.SkipValidate,
+		opts.ErrOnRevert,
+		true,  // errStack
+		false, // allowBinarySearch
+		false, // isEstimateFee
+		false, // returnInitialReads
+	)
+}
+
 func marshalTxnsAndDeclaredClasses(
 	txns []core.Transaction,
 	declaredClasses []core.ClassDefinition,